hgfb]z ;fKtflxs,aif{ !#, c+s *, df3 ^ , @)^),Janadesh Weekly,year 13, Issue.8, Januay 20, 2004 

;fd|fHojfbL e"d08nLs/0f / cGofok"0f{ o'4sf] lj/f]w ub}{

d'DaO{ k|lt/f]w sfo{qmd zfgbf/ ?kdf ;DkGg

cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] ljZjel/ u/]sf] Ps5q zf]if0f, e"d08nLs/0fsf gfddf km}nfPsf] c;Lldt n"6 / cft+sjfbsf] lj/f]wsf gfddf ckmuflg:tfg, O/fs;lxt ;Dk"0f{ ljZjdf km}nfO/x]sf] cGofok"0f{ o'4sf] lj?4 ;+;f/el/sf qmflGtsf/L hg;d'bfosf ;r]t k|ltlglwx?n] æhgtfsf] ;+;f/ agfcf}+Æ eGb} d'DaO{ k|lt/f]w– @))$ (MR–2004) sf] Aofg/d'lg ljljw sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ . g]kfn, ef/t, lkmlnlkG;, 6sL{, k]?, a+unfb]z, o"/f]k, vf8L b]z, a]lNhod, cd]l/sf, clk|msfsf @ ;o (! j6f ;+3;+:yfsf xhf/f}+ k|ltlglwx? sfo{qmddf ;xefuL ePsf 5g\ .

d'DaO{sf] uf]/]ufp“ /]Nj] :6]zgaf6 s/Lj kf“r ls=dL=sf] b"/Ldf cjl:yt klZrd PS;k|]; xfOj]sf] lsgf/fdf /x]sf] e]6g/L sn]hsf] k|f¨0fdf cl:t !& hgj/Ldf ef/tsf] :jtGqtf ;+u|fdsf zxLb eut l;+xsf] t:jL/ jL=8L= zdf{, 6sL{, lkmlnlkG;;lxtsf k|ltlglwx?n] ljdf]rg u/L sfo{qmd ;'? ePsf] lyof] . pb\3f6g sfo{qmddf lkmlnlkG; sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf cWoIf s= l;;gsf] z'esfdgf kf7 ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf g]kfndf ;~rfng ePsf] hgo'4k|lt ljz]if P]Soa4tf k|s6 ul/Psf] lyof] .

pb\3f6g ;qkZrft\ lxhf] / cl:t u/L æljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g, s[lif / ;fd|fHojfbÚ, …;fd|fHojfbL e"d08nLs/0f / dlxnfdfly o;sf] k|efjÚ, …tyfslyt cft+sjfbsf] lj?4 o'4n] hgjfbL clwsf/x?df u/]sf] xdnfÚ, …dhb'/ju{dfly ;fd|fHojfbL xdnfÚ, …;fd|fHojfbL e"d08nLs/0fsf] 5ftfd'lg cflbjf;Lx?dflysf] pTkL8gdf tLa|tfÚ, …blntx?dfly ;fd|fHojfbL e"ld08nLs/0fsf] k|efjÚ, …j}lZjs kmf;Ljfb, lxGb'Tj / u'h/ft g/;+xf/Ú, …ljBfyL{, o'jfju{dfly e"d08nLs/0fsf] k|efjÚ, …;fd|fHojfbsf] ljsNk M d'4fx? / r'gf}ltx?Ú / …;fd|fHojfbL lj?4 hg;+3if{Ú cflb sfo{kqx? k|:t't eP . oL d"n sfo{kqx?sf ;fy} o;dfly l6Kk0fL ug]{ jQmfx?af6 tt\tt\ ljifodf pkzLif{sdf 5'§f5'§} sfo{kqx? k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . c?Gwlt /fo, jL=8L=zdf{, uf}td gjnvf, dgf]/~hg df]x+tL, a/a/ /fj, hL= Pg= ;fO{afaf, bz{gkfn nufot a'l4hLjL, n]vsn] sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{kqsf] clGtd Pjd\ ;dfkg ;qdf g]kfnL hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldltsf cWoIf nId0f kGtn] g]kfnsf] hgo'4, jt{dfg l:ylt / o;n] kfPsf] cGt/f{li6«o hg;dy{gsf] rrf{ ub}{ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] O/fskl5 g]kfnsf] hgo'4sf lj?4 a9fO/x]sf] v'gL of]hgfk|lt pkl:yt k|ltlglwsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . clxn]sf] ljZjdf cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb;“u n8\g d'Vo?kdf j}rfl/s Pjd\ /fhg}lts :ki6tfsf ;fy} PsLs[t ?kdf Psh'6 eO{ n8\g'kb{5 eGb} kGtn] O/fskl5 g]kfndf cd]l/sL x:tIf]k Tof]eGbf klg 8/nfUbf] ?kdf x'g] ;+s]t b]lvPsf] 5 / o;sf lj?4 ;a} ;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL zlQmx? ;r]t eO{ k|lt/f]w ug{ cfx\jfg ug'{eof] .

d'DaO{ k|lt/f]w @))$ sf] sfo{qmd:yn e]6g/L sn]hsf] k|f¨0f k"/} /+luPsf] lyof] . t'n, em08f, kf]:6/, Joª\Uolrq, snfs[ltåf/f eJo ?kdf ;hfOPsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd:yndf qmflGtsf/L ;flxTo, uLlt Sof;]6, ;L=8L= nufot cGo ;fdu|Lsf y'k|} :6nx? /flvPsf lyP . g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf dxTjk"0f{ b:tfj]hsf] ;+ufnf], dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf s= k|r08;lxt ljleGg g]tfx?sf] n]v ;+ufnf], c“u|]hL d'vkq …b js{/Ú,s= ls/0fsf] ;+3if{sf] bz{g nufot kf6L{sf c“u|]hL, g]kfnL Pjd\ lxGbLsf k|sfzgx? sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLsf nflu d'Vo cfsif{s /x]sf] b]lvGYof] . g]kfndf ;~rfng eO/x]sf] hgo'4, hg;]gf, d'Qm cfwf/ Onfsfx?, dlxnfx? ;]gfdf efu lnPsf], b/af/ xTofsf08 cflb ljifodf pgLx?sf] tLa| lh1f;f b]lvGYof] . sd tof/Ld} w]/} sfd ug'{k/]sf] sf/0f s]xL cK7\of/f] k/] klg g]kfnL hgo'4sf] /fd|f] k|rf/ ug{ ;s]sf]df g]kfnL :6n ;~rfnssf] r]x/fdf rds b]lvGYof] . sfo{qmddf bzf}+ xhf/ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] gLlt;DaGwL krf{ ;d]t af“l8Psf] lyof] .

;}4flGts–/fhg}lts ax; / 5nkmnsf] sfo{qmd ;DkGg eO;s]kl5 lxhf] ef/tsf qmflGtsf/L ufos, uLtsf/ u2/;lxt ljleGg ;f“:s[lts 6f]nLx?n] eJo ;f“:s[lts sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/] . ;fd|fHojfbL e"d08nLs/0f Pjd\ o'4sf] lj?4 s]lGb|t ePsf] of] sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v cfsif{s /x]sf lyP u2/ / pgsf] ;f“:s[lts 6Ldsf] k|:t'lt . cfkm\gf] hf]lznf] Pjd\ ljlzi6 k|:t'ltn] ubf{ u2/n] ;a}sf] dg lhTg ;kmn ePsf lyP .

æsfo{qmd cToGt zfgbf/ ?kdf ;kmn ePsf] 5 . ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 a9\b} uO/x]sf] hgr]tgfnfO{ ;xL af6f] b]vfpg' / o;n] cfkm\gf] clGtd nIo k|fKt gubf{;Dd ;+3if{ ul//xg'k5{ eGg] s'/fdf sfo{qmdn] /fd|f] k|sfz u/]sf] 5Æ sfo{qmd cfof]hsdWo]sf] Ps 8An'kLcf/Pdsf ;+of]hs s= d'lg/n] xfdL;“usf] ;+lIfKt s'/fsfgLdf eGg'eof] . æg]kfn;lxt hgo'4 nl8/x]sf dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng;“u ;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL hgcfGbf]ng hf]8\bf dfq o;n] ;xL dfu{bz{g k|fKt ug]{ / o;/L dfq ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ k/f:t ug{ ;lsg] cfd wf/0ff ;xefuLdf ljsf; x'g' ;'vb /x]sf] 5Æ pxf“sf] yk k|ltlqmof lyof] .

sfo{qmddf bfhL{lnªsf hgfb{g yfkf, lrtjgsf /0f]Gb| a/fOnLn] o:tf sfo{qmdx?n] xfdL PSn} /x]g5f}+ ljZjel/ g} xfd|f y'k|} ;fyL /x]5g\ eGg] efjgf / cem hf]z a9]sf] dx;'; u/]sf] k|ltlqmof JoQm ug{'eof] .

d'DaO{ k|lt/f]w @))$ sf] clGtd efusf ?kdf ef]ln bzf}+ xhf/ hgtfsf] ;xeflutfdf cd]l/sL 8fgd'n]6sf] clkm;cufl8 ljzfn k|bz{g u/L ;dfkg ul/g] hgfOPsf] 5 .

o;}aLr d'DaO{ k|lt/f]wsf] ;dfgfGt/d} a'DaO{d} ;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL b'O{j6f 5'§f5'§} sfo{qmd ;“u} ;DkGg eO/x]sf 5g\ . jN8{ ;f]zn kmf]/d (WSF) sf] Aofg/d'lg e]6g/L sn]hsf] 7Ls cufl8 kf“r ls= dL=sf] b'/Ldf g]:sf] d}bfgdf s/La Ps nfv dflg;x?sf] hd36df …csf]{ ;+;f/ ;Dej 5Ú sf] gf/fd'lg ljZjel/sf xhf/f}+ ;+u7gx?n] efu lnO/x]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb / e"d08nLs/0fsf] lj?4 a|flhndf s]xL jif{ cufl8 u7g ePsf] of] d~r 5f]§} ;dod} ;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL ;femf Kn]6kmd{sf] ?kdf ljsf; eO/x]sf] 5 . e"d08nLs/0f / ;fd|fHojfbsf] lj?4 csf]{ ;+;f/ lgdf{0fsf] s'/f ug]{ t/ :ki6 sfo{qmd lbg g;Sg] ljleGg ?k / /+usf PghLcf], cfOPghLcf] / ;Qf;Lg sltko kf6L{sf ;b:ox? ;xefuL /x]sf] of] d~rn] ;z:q o'4af6 ;fd|fHojfb;“u n8\g] s'/fsf] eg] lj/f]w u/L cfkm"nfO{ s]jn ax;d} dfq ;Lldt kf/]sf] b]lvG5 .

To:t} oL b'O{ eGbf leGb} …;dfhjfbL ;+;f/ lgdf{0f u/f}+Ú eGb} oL b'a}sf] k|:yfkgf unt 5 eGb} d'DaO{s} bfb/df csf]{ sfo{qmd klg ;DkGg eO/x]sf] 5 .

ckmuflg:tfg / O/fs o'4kl5 cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL hgr]tgf slt tLa| /x]5 eGg] s'/f oL sfo{qmddf ;xefuL hf];'s}n] klg cg'dfg ug{ ;Qm5 . ljZjel/sf hgtfx? ;fd|fHojfbaf6 d'Qm ljZj Joj:yfsf] :yfkgfy{ cft'/sf ;fy nflu/x]sf / o;sf nflu pgLx? h'g;'s} pkfo ckgfpg tof/ b]lvG5g\ .

ljZjel/sf hgtfsf] of] ;lqmotfnfO{ qmflGtsf/L kf6L{x?n] ;xL lbzf lgb]{z ug{;Sg] xf] eg] gof“ ;+;f/sf] of] cleofgn] ;fy{s kl/0ffd l5§} xfl;n ug{;Sg] b]lvG5 .

…:jljo" lgjf{rg hfn xf]Ú

ljBfyL{x?sf] qmflGtsf/L ;+u7g clvn g]kfn /fli6«o :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgog -qmflGtsf/L_ n] lqe'jg ljZj ljBfnoåf/f cfufdL kmfu'g rf}w ut] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgogsf] r'gfjnfO{ if8\oGq ePsf] atfPsf] 5 .

clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf n]vgfy Gof}kfg]sf] x:tfIf/o'Qm jQmJodf ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngn] df/]sf] 5nfªnfO{ km'6fp / zf;g u/ eGg] ;fdGtL ;Qfsf] 5nsk6k"0f{ if8\oGq xf] elgPsf] 5 . cfkm\gf] ljBfyL{ ;+u7gnfO{ k|ltaGw nufOPsf] l:yltdf :jljo' lgjf{rg ;Dej gx'g] klg pxf“n] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .

;ft ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] rnfPsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;dy{g ub{} n]vgfy Gof}kfg]n] eGg'ePsf] 5–æjf:tjdf ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf] cfGbf]ng / ;8sdf 3Gs]sf gf/fx? clxn]sf] j:t'ut kl/l:yltsf] ;xL cleJolQm / ;do ;fk]If ePsfn] xfd|f] ;+u7g ;f] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;dy{g Pjd\ :jfut ub{5 .Æ

k'/fgf ;Qfsf b'O{ bh{g eGbf a9L ;'/IffsdL{sf] d[To'

k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;'/IffsdL{x?sf] dfl/g] >[+vnf a9]sf] a9\o} 5 . k"j{—klZrd pQ/ blIf0f ;a}lt/ dfcf]jfbLx? kl8\sPsf] kl8\so} 5g\ . /, k'/fgf ;Qfsf ;'/IffsdL{ xfjfsfjf eP/ efuL/x]sf 5g\ . sltn] t ljb|f]x u/]/ dfcf]jfbLdf k|j]z u/]sf 5g\ .

Pskl5 csf{] k/fhonfO{ 9fSg k'/fgf] ;Qfn] jftf{sf] ;dodf cfrf/;+lxtfnfO{ pNn+3g u/]sf dfcf]jfbLsf la|u]8 sdf08/ cfTd;dk{0f ug{ cfPsf] eg]/ …snfljxLgÚ gf6s ul//x]sf] 5 .

o;} xKtf dfq} dfl/Psf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;'/IffsdL{sf] d[To'n] dfq} klg p;sf] lj36gnfO{ glhs k'¥ofPsf] 5 .

df]/ªdf aL;hgfsf] d[To' M

df]/ª lhNnfsf] cfOt]af/]df cl:t cfOtaf/ hgof]4fn] PDa'; u/L ;ft hgf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;'/IffsdL{nfO{ 9nfOlbPsf] s'/f dfcf]jfbL k'jL{ s]Gb|Lo sdf08 sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 .

df]/ª lhNnfsf] /ldt] ufh;sf] cDaf]6]df df3 ! ut] ePsf] PDa'; / le8Gtdf k'/fgf ;Qfsf gf} ;'/IffsdL{sf] d[To' ePsf] ;f]xL sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 .

wgs'6fdf b'O{ dfl/P M

1fg]Gb|åf/f dgf]lgt k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf] u[x lhNnf wgs'6fsf] Ps Aof/]sdf df3 @ ut] dfcf]jfbLn] /fv]sf] ad lj:kmf]6g x'“bf Ps zfxL ;]gfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 .

To:t} df3 Ps ut] wgs'6fl:yt k"jf{~rn If]qLo k|zf;gsf] sfof{nosf] k|j]zåf/df hgof]4fn] sdf08f] cfqmd0f u/L Ps ;z:q k|x/LnfO{ 7fp“sf] 7fp“ 9nflbPsf] / Ps xjNbf/nfO{ uDeL/ 3fOt] agfPsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .

sf7df8f}+df rf/ zfxL ;]gf dfl/P

k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;a}eGbf ;'/lIft dflgg] sf7df8f}+df klg zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfnfO{ c;'/lIft alg/x]sf] 5 . df3 ! ut] blIf0fsfnL lgs6 5}dfn]df hgof]4fn] yfk]sf] PDa';df k/L rf/ zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gf dfl/P . PDa';kl5 Psl5g bf]xf]/f] le8Gt ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .