gof“ sfo{stf{df ;+u7g kl/rfngsf s]xL ;d:ofx¿
—
kf/zdl0f nDh]n
g]knL
;j{xf/fju{sf] ;jf{]Rr ;+u7g qmflGtsf] cu|b:tf dhb"/ ju{sf] g]tf / /fhgLlt
g} xfd|f] uf}/jzfnL kf6L{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ xf] . kf6L{sf] kyk|b{zs
l;4fGt dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb / k|r08ky xf] . xfd|f] clwstd sfo{qmd
gof“ nIo ;j{xf/fju{sf] g]t[Tj / clwgfosTjdf qmflGtsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] l;4fGt cg'?k
;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts qmflGt ;DkGg ub{} ;dfhjfbaf6 ;fDojfbdf k|j]z ug{' xf] .
xfd|f] cfwf/e"t gLlt tyf Go"gtd sfo{qmd ;j{xf/fju{sf] g]t[Tj / hgtfsf]
hgjfbL clwgfosTjdf ufp“n] zx/ 3]g{] /0fgLlt / cfd ;z:q ljb|f]xnfO{ ;+of]hg
ug{] dfGotfsf cfwf/df bL3{sfnLg hgo'4sf] af6f]af6 gof“ hgjfbL u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf
ug{' xf] . of] ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf] bf]xf]/f] pTkL8gdf /lxcfPsf]
cw{;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs b]z ePsf]n] ;fdGt gf]s/zfx tyf bnfn k"“hLklt
ju{ / cfd hg;d'bfoaLrsf] cGt/lj/f]w g} jt{dfg g]kfnL ;dfhsf] k|wfg cGt/lj/f]w
xf] .
kf6L{n]
/fHo;Qfsf] k|ZgnfO{ qmflGtsf] s]Gb|Lo k|Zgsf ?kdf u|x0f u/L hgtfsf /fli6«otf,
:jfwLgtf, hgtGq, hghLljsf, hftLo cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ tyf :jfoQtf h:tf
;d:ofx?dfly Wofg lb+b} ljleGg ju{, hflt, If]q / ;d'bfosf hgtfnfO{ ;r]t ;+ul7t,
cfGbf]lnt t'Nofp“b} gof“ hg;Qfsf jf:tljs dflns agfpg pNn]vgLo e"ldsf
v]Nb} cfPsf] 5 . ;ft jif{sf] of] cjlwdf dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] ;fj{ef}d
lj1fgnfO{ g]kfnL ljlzi6tfdf k|of]u ub{} hf“bf cfh /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o
zlQm;Gt'ngsf ;DaGwdf g]kfnL hgo'4sf] ljsf;sf] j:t'ut cj:yfsf] o'4/t b'j} ;]gfsf]
cfk;L 6Ss/ / b'j} ;Qfsf] l5gfemk6Laf6 ljsf; eO{ u|fdL0f Onfsfdf gof“ ;Qf /
s]Gb|Lo tyf ;Lldt zxl/of Onfsfdf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] xftdf /x]sf] /0fg}lts zlQm
;Gt'ngn] o'4lj/fd tyf jftf{ k|lqmofdf cfPsf 5f}+ . of] ljlzi6 ;Gt'ngsf]
cjlwdf o'4/t b'j} kIfn] Ps csf{nfO{ lg:t]h kfg{ s;/t ul//x]sf] x'G5 .
olta]nf qmflGtsf/Ln] of] cj:yfsf] e/dUb"/ k|of]u u/L pk]lIft, pTkLl8t
qmflGtsf/L hg;d'bfonfO{ cfºgf] xslxtsf nflu ;';+ul7t u/fpg' kb{5 . qmflGt
;DkGg ug{sf nflu gof“ 9+usf] kf6L{ clgjfo{ x'G5 . o;sf nflu k'/fgf]
lj/f;t c/fhstfjfbL tyf gf]s/zfxL, JolQmjfbL, dgf]utjfb, ;+sL0f{, ?9Ljfb tyf
pbf/jfb, If]qLotfjfb, 5f8fjfb, b':;fx;jfb, csd{0otfjfb lj;h{gjfb h:tf qmflGt
lj/f]wL k|j[lQ lrGtgnfO{ Wj:t kfb{} k|r08kynfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{ cGt/lj/f]wsf] ;xL
klxrfg, cfjZostfdf l;h{gf / j}1flgs 9+usf] kl/rfngaf6 g} c;n ;+u7g lgdf{0f ug{]
ul/G5 . ;+u7g lgdf{0fdf lgDgcg';f/ Wofg lbg'kb{5–
!= kf6L{ ;+u7gsf l;4fGtnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug{]
kf6L{sf]
;+u7gfTds l;4fGt hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotf xf] JolQm ;+u7gsf] dftxtdf x'g'kb{5 .
cNkdt ax'dtsf] dftxtdf x'g], tNnf] sld6L dflyNnf] sld6Lsf] dftxtdf x'g], l;+uf]
kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] dftxtdf / s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt /fli6«o dxflwj]zgsf] dftxtdf
x'G5 .
;+u7gsf]
cfjZosLo of]hgf lgdF{0fsf] nflu a}7ssf] cfjZostf x'G5 . kl/l:ylt / cfjZostf
cg';f/ g]t[Tjn] a}7ssf] lgwf{/0f ug{'kb{5 . s7Lg kl/l:yltdf lglZrt of]hgf /
tTsfnLg ;d:ofsf] xn ug{ 5f]6f] ;dosf] j}7s a;fNg'kg{] x'G5 eg] cg's"n /
cfjZos l:yltdf ;Dk"0f{ cfjZos tof/L;lxt kof{Kt 5nkmnsf ;fy cfjZos lg0f{o
lng'k5{ . ;+u7gfTds sfdsf] tTsfnLg cfjZostf cg'?k lg0f{o lng ljz]if
g]t[Tjn] ljz]if tof/L ug{ cfjZos x'G5 . 5nkmnsf nflu k|:tfljt Ph]08f,
;Dk"0f{ sfo{stf{n] sfo{If]qsf] jf:tljs l:yltsf] l/kf]6{, gof“ of]hgfnfO{
;xL Jofjxfl/s, cfjZosLo agfpg cfºgf] tof/L klg ug{'kb{5 .
a}7ssf
cWoIfn] a}7sdf 5nkmn ug{'kg{] Ph]08f -k|:tfj_ nfO{ j}7s af]nfpg'eGbf cufl8 g}
;Dej eP lbg], geP a}7sd} sld6L / sfo{stf{df k|:t't ubf{ /fd|f] x'G5 .
l/kf]l6{ª eP u/]sf sfdx?sf] ljj/0f k|:t't ug{] / b'Zdg / xfd|f] zlQmsf] tTsfnLg
l:ylt / ultljlwx?sf] hfgsf/L lbg'kb{5 . sfddf k|efj kl//x]sf 7f]; ;d:ofx?
;dfj]z ug{'kb{5 . sfo{If]qdf eP u/]sf sfdsf] bf}/fgdf k|fKt cg'ejx? ;dfj]z
u/fpg'kb{5 . l/kf]l6{ª hlt ;Sof] ;+lIfKt / ljifo;“u ;DalGwt x'g'kb{5 .
sfo{ljlwdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg] u/L l/kf]l6{ª agfpg' kb{5 .
Ph]08fdfly
5nkmn ubf{ a9L cf}krfl/stfaf6 arfpg'sf ;fy} hgjfbL s]Gb|LotfnfO{ 7f]; ?kn]
nfu" ug{'kb{5 . 5nkmndf k|fKt hgjfbsf] pkof]u ug{'kb{5 . lg0f{o
ln+bf ;se/ ;j{;Ddt agfpg] / PsLs[t lg0f{o x'g g;s]df ax'dtnfO{ cfwf/ agfpg'kb{5
/ cNkdtnfO{ gf]6 ckm l8;]G6sf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ lbg'kb{5 . a}7saf6 lnOg]
lg0f{o j:t'jfbL / Jofjxfl/s agfpg cfjZos 5 . cGTodf a}7s ;Sg'eGbf cufl8
cfTdfnf]rgf / cfnf]rgf ug{' pko'Qm x'G5 . of] k|lqmofn] kf6L{sf] n8fs'
IfdtfnfO{ a9fpg'sf] ;fy} Pstf– ;+3if{–?kfGt/0fsf] ljlwåf/f kf6L{df gof“
Pstf ;'b[9 agfp“5 . c?sf] cfnf]rgfdf ;do latfpg'eGbf cfTdfnf]rgfnfO{ d'Vo
agfpg' kb{5 . cfnf]rgfnfO{ JolQmut cfIf]ksf] ;fwg agfpg' x'Gg .
k4lteGbf aflx/ uP/ cfnf]rgfnfO{ k|of]u ug{' x'Gg . cfTdfnf]rgf cfnf]rgfsf]
k4ltnfO{ ;hLj agfpg z'4Ls/0f cfGbf]ng ;+rfng ug{], kf6L{ hLjgdf ef}ltsjfbL åGåjfb
nfu" ug{], gof“ cfwf/df gof“ Pstf sfod ub{} kf6L{nfO{ ?kfGt/0f ug{],
unt lrGtgsf lj?4 v'Ng], qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ lgdf{0f ug{] p2]Zosf ;fy k|of]u
ug{'kb{5 .
@= kf6L{ ;+u7gleq b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{
Ps
hLljt kf6L{leq @ j6f nfOg x'G5g\ . Tof] kf6L{sf] hLjg / ljsf; k|lqmofsf]
lg0ff{os tTj xf] . kf6L{ Pp6f j:t' ePs} sf/0f Tof] Pssf] b'O{df ljefhg x'G5 .
kf6L{leq ;dfhdf ljBdfg ju{;+3if{sf] ;hLj / ;lqmo k|ltljDa x'G5 . b'O{ nfOg
;+3if{ gof“ cfwf/df k'Ub5 . Pstf ;+3if{ k'gM gof“ cfwf/df gof“ Pstfdf
ablnG5 . b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{ lgDgcg';f/ x'G5– hgo'4sf] ljsf;sf] cfjZostf
cg';f/ cfºgf] of]Uotf jf IfdtfnfO{ clej[l4 ug{] jf cfºg} k'/fgf] z}nLdf
hgo'4nfO{ a'‰g], kf6L{sf] of]hgf gLlt lg0f{o / cg'zf;gsf] kfngf ug{] jf
c/fhstfjfbL 9+un] rNg], ;j{xf/f juL{o ;fd"lxstfsf] kIfkf]if0f ug{] lg/k]If
;dfgtfsf] lj/f]w ug{] jf JolQmjfbL 9+un] hfg] jf dfu ug{], kf6L{ / qmflGtsf]
lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{], ;j{xf/fjuL{o b[9tfsf ;fy sl7gfO / vt/fsf] ;fdgf ug{]
jf lgDg k"“hLjfbL cfTd;'/Iffjfbsf] lzsf/ x'g], b'Zdg / cj;/jfbLx?aLrsf]
cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ pkof]u ug{] jf ;a}dfly Ps};fy k|xf/ ug{], kf6L{ dfGotfnfO{
dha"t kfg{] jf u'6aGbLsf] tl/sfn] sfd ug{], k|]d, ljjfx, of}g kl/jf/sf]
;j{xf/f juL{o Pslgi7tfsf] cfwf/df ug{] jf ;fdGtL / k"“hLjfbL 5f8fkgsf]
cfwf/df ug{], ju{b'Zdg / cj;/jfbLx?k|lt cToGt rgfvf] x'g] jf To;}df k|efljt x'g]
log} b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{sf ;fdfGo ?kx? x'g\ . oL ljifox?df lg/Gt/ b'O{nfOg
;+3if{ rnfpg' kb{5 .
#= sfo{stf{sf] d"Nofª\sg tyf hf“r ug{] tl/sf
sfo{stf{sf]
d"Nofª\sg tyf hf“r ubf{ dgf]dfgL / xr'jf 9+un] ug{' x'“b}g .
sfo{stf{sf] sdhf]/L / alnof] kIf kQf nufpg' kb{5 . v/faaf6 c;n sfo{stf{
5'6\ofpg' kb{5 .. Pp6f dfq sfdsf] cfwf/df sfo{stf{nfO{ /fd|f] jf v/fa eGg'
x'“b}g . kfl/jfl/s k[i7e"ldaf6 dfq d"Nofª\sg ug{' x'“b}g .
pgsf] sfdsf] cfwf/df d"Nofª\sg x'g'kb{5 . sfo{stf{sf] d"Nofª\sg
ubf{ ;'g]sf] cfwf/df xf]Og ls tYosf] cfwf/df x'g'kb{5 . s'/f, b[li6sf]0faf6
dfq geO{ u'0f / sfdsf] cfwf/df /fd|f] of g/fd|f] 5'6\ofpg' kb{5 .
sfo{stf{sf] d"Nofª\sg ubf{ oyfy{jfbL j:t'k/s tYok"0f{ x'g'kb{5 .
$= sfo{stf{ 5gf]6sf] tl/sf
sfo{stf{
5gf}6 ubf{ qmflGtsf] lxtnfO{ ;jf{]kl/ 7fGg] x'g'kb{5 . hgtfdf hfg], hgtfaf6
l;Sg] / hgtfnfO{ l;sfpg] dfcf]sf] hglbzf nfu" ug{], kf6L{sf] nflu cfºgf]
;a}yf]s Tofu ug{] wg / ;Ddfgn] gi6 gx'g], ul/aLn] ljrlnt gx'g] sfo{stf{ x'g'k5{ .
sfd ubf{ hgtfdf e/f];f /fVg], hgtf / qmflGtdf e/ kg{] kf6L{ lgod k4lt /
cg'zf;gsf] ;r]ttfk"j{s kfngf ug{] jf bx|f];“u ks8\g] hgtf / :yfgLo
sfo{stf{nfO{ x]nf gug{], gof“ sfd lgsfNg pT;'s x'g] sfo{stf{ /fd|f] x'G5 .
c;n sfo{stf{n] Jojxf/ / l;4fGtnfO{ Ps};fy uf“;]/ n}hfG5 . c?;“u eGbf
cfkm";“u s7f]/ x'G5 . c;n pbfx/0faf6 l;Sb5 . u2f/L /
sfo/tf;“u eLif0f ;+3if{ rnfpg], ju{b'Zdg;“u 3'8f g6]Sg], k|f0fsf] eLv gdfUg]
/fhg}lts OdfGbfl/tf / k]zfut of]Uotf ePsf] x'G5 . z'4Ls/0f cleofgdf
;lqmotfk"j{s efu lng], cfTdfnf]rgf / cfnf]rgfsf] k4ltnfO{ ;hLj agfpg], Psn]
csf{]nfO{ a'‰g ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf], kf6L{ lgod, k4lt / of]hgf, cg'zf;g /
uf]kgLotfsf] x/xfntdf ;'/Iff ug{] . j}rfl/s, efjgfTds / ;f“:s[lts k'gM
;+:sf/ / ?kfGt/0fsf] qmflGtsf/L k|lqmof cjnDag ug{], qmflGtsf] pRr cfbz{sf vflt/
Tofu, jL/tf / alnbfgLsf] pRr sLlt{dfgx? sfod ug{], cfkm"nfO{ cu|k+lQmdf
/fVg] sfo{stf{ /fd|f] x'G5 .
%= sfo{stf{x?sf] nflu k|lzIf0fsf] cfjZostf
ju{o'4
eg]s} l;s]/ ug{] sfd eGbf u/]/ l;Sg] sfd xf] . sfo{sff{sf] Ifdtf a[l4sf]
nflu Jojxf/ l;4fGt km]l/ Jojxf/sf] ef}ltsjfbL k4lt cg'?k k|lzlIft kfg{'kb{5 .
dfcf]sf] cy{df cWoog eg]sf] ;dfh / ;+;f/nfO{ åGåfTds / ef}ltsjfbL
ljZjb[li6sf]0faf6 x]bf{ x'g] xf] . tYoaf6 ;To kQf nufpg' g} c;n cWoog xf] .
sfo{stf{ k|lzIf0f lb+bf g]kfnL hgo'4sf] Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofsf] cWoogdf
s]Gb|Le"t ug{' g} j}1flgs x'G5 . kf6L{, sfo{stf{ cgdf]n cg'ej;lxtsf
kf6L{sf d]?b08 x'g\ . To;}n] sfo{stf{sf] z}lIfs:t/ p7fpg / kf6L{ of]hgfnfO{
bx|f];“u ks8\g k|lzIf0fsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . pRr z}lIfs:t/ lagf /fhg}lts:t/
p7fpg ;Sb}g . leq;Dd x]g{] cGt/b[li6 x'“b}g .. sf]xL klg hGdb}
a'l4hLjL x'“b}g . nugsf ;fy d]xgt u/]df kmnfdsf] nf}/LnfO{ klg l;of]
agfpg ;lsG5 eg] lsg lzIff cfh{g ug{ ;lsb}g < :yfoL ljZjljBfno eg]sf] lg/Gt/
JolQmut cWoog xf] . z}lIfs:t/ 5}g eg]/ lg/fz x'g' x'“b}g .
sfo{stf{sf] uf]nd6f]n cWoogdf km:g'eGbf cfjZos ljifoj:t' 5'6\ofP/ cWoog ug{'kb{5 .
kf6L{leq a'l4hLjL etL{ u/L k|lzIf0fs] s]Gb|Le"t sfddf nufpg' kb{5 .
gof“ sfo{stf{x?df pTkGg x'g] 1fg / Ifdtfk|lt Oiof{n' gx'g lbg lg/Gt/ j}rfl/s
;+3if{ rnfpg' kb{5 . sfo{stf{nfO{ k|lzlIft kfg'{, sdhf]/L x6fpg', uDeL/
uNtL ug{af6 arfpg', qmflGtlj/f]wL lzlj/af6 arfpg' k5{ . v/fa sfo{stf{n] cfºgf
lgotnfO{ n'sfP/ qmflGtnfO{ wf]sf lbg] / aflx/L cfqmd0faf6 /f]Sg jf l6Sg ;Sg]
agfpg leqL b[9tfsf] cfjZostf x'G5 . sfo{stf{df b]vfkg{] pbf;Lgtf, csd{0otf,
c/fhstf, dgf]ut z}nL, cfTd;'/Iff, knfog / cfTd;dk{0faf6 arfpg / kf6L{sf] ljrf/,
gLlt, ljlw, of]hgfsf] ;Dk|]if0f ug{ k|lzIf0fsf] lgs} dxTj x'G5 .
kf6L{,
sfo{stf{n] Ifdtf clea[l4sf nflu dgf]ut sNkgfdfly lgd{d /xg], Ifl0fs pT;fxdfly
lgd{d x'g] . lghL{j k'itsdfly lgd{d /xg] xf]Og ls g]kfnL hgo'4af6 k|fKt
tYox? j:t'ut ?kdf ljBdfg 5g\ ltg} ;fdu|Lx? lj:tf/k"j{s ;DxfNb} dfn]dfjfb /
k|r08kysf] Jofks dfGotfx? lgsfNg' g} cfjZos xf] . xfdLn] ;a} l;4fGtdf /x]/
cWoog ubf{ xfd|f zq'x? / xfd|f ldqx?, xfd|f cfºg} cfly{s, /fhg}lts, ;}lgs,
;f“:s[lts / kf6L{ sfo{stf{x?sf] ljsf;sf] l:yltaf/] ;lj:tf/ hf“ra'em / cWoog
g} k|lzIf0f xf] .
^= kf6L{ ha;x?aLrsf] cGt/;DaGw
kf6L{
;j{xf/fju{sf] ;fwg, ;j{xf/fju{sf] cu|b:tf g]t[TjbfoL c+u ;j{xf/fju{sf] ;+u7gsf]
k|d'v lgb{]zs zlQm, ;j{xf/fju{sf] c:q u'6aGbL;“u d]n gvfg] ;+sNk Pstfsf] k|tLs
xf] eg] h=j=;=x?n] Tof] sfd k"/f ug{df dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k|bfg ub{5g\ .
ljleGg k|sf/sf k]zfut ;+u7gx?n] ;j{xf/fju{sf] ljhosf] nflu ;j{xf/f ju{s}
kf6L{sf] ;xof]u hj;x?af6 ub{5 . hj;x?n] kf6L{nfO{ hgtf;“u hLjGt agfpg],
hgtf;“u hf]8\g] sfd ub{5 . hg;+3if{sf] kxnstf{sf] dxTjk"0f{
e"ldsf lgefpg] sfd ub{5 . kf6L{sf] nflu h=j=;= u]6kfn] ePsfn] ;a}
h=j=;=x?sf] plrt g]t[Tj ug{'kb{5 . h=j=;=x?n] kf6L{sf] /fhg}lts g]t[Tj
ug{'kb{5 . kf6L{ / h=j=;=x?sf] j}1flgs tfnd]n gldnfP/ hgtfn] g} ;+u7gsf]
dxTj a'‰g g;Sg] ug'{kb{5 .
o'4/t qmflGtsf/L kf6L{df qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] ;zQm / n8fs" ;+u7g lgdf{0f
ug{ Oltxf;sf] cfjZostf aGg k'u]sf] 5 . nfvf}+ nfv pQ/flwsf/Lx?nfO{ k|lzlIft
t'Nofpg :yfgLo ?kdf ;+u7gfTds ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] cfjZos x'g cfp“5 . 5l/P/
/x]sf] ljsf; qmflGtsf/L zlQmnfO{ ;+ul7t ?kn] ;'b[9 kfg{] Jojl:yt kl/rfng ug{
;s]df g]kfnL qmflGtsf] ljsf; / ljhonfO{ ;+;f/sf] s'g} klg zlQmn] /f]Sg ;Sg]5}g .
qmflGtsf] d"nlbzf / wf/f kZrufdL xf]Og cu|ufdL g} x'G5 . pko'Qm ;a}
cljef/f k"/f ug{ klxnf] s'/f qmflGtdf ljrf/sf] ljsf; ckl/xfo{ x'g cfp“5 .
hgo'4sf ;ft jif{ cem k|r08kysf] ;+Zn]if0f kZrft\ gof“ gof“ k|of]uaf6 gof“
gof“ e"ldsf hfHjNodfg ;+u7gx? lgdf{0f, kl/rfng / ;'b[9 ePsf 5g\ .
ljrf/, /fhgLltsf] plrt ;+Zn]if0f xfn /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf g]t[Tj
ug{'kg{] cleef/f hf] g]kfnL qmflGtsf] sf“wdf cfPsf] 5 . To;nfO{ k"/f
ug{ / csf{] dxfg\ 5nfª xfGg gof“ lsl;dsf] ;zQm / h'emf? ;+u7gsf] cfjZostf
kb{5 . hf] ;'b[9 ;+u7g / Jojl:yt kl/rfngaf6 dfq ;Dej x'G5 .
q