sf7df8f}+÷hgjfbL lzIffnfO{ cfkm\gf] ceLi6 atfp"b} cfPsf]
cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ sf] !^ cf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng oxL c;f/ @), @! / @@ ut]
eJotfk"j{s sf7df8f}+df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . d'n'se/sf ;a} lhNnfx?af6 sl/a
Ps xhf/ k|ltlglw / ko{j]Ifsx? ;xefuL ePsf] of] ;Dd]ngn] !# a'"b] ;d;fdlos
k|:tfjx? kfl/t u/]sf] 5 . h;df cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] a9\bf] kmf}hL
x:tIf]kk|lt uDeL/ lrGtf JoQm ub}{ Gofok"0f{ cfGbf]ng rnfO/x]sf ;+;f/el/sf
;a} :jtGqtfk|]dL ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx?;"u ;fd|fHojfblj?4 ljZjJofkL ;xsfo{sf nflu
cfjZos kxn ug]{ k|lta4tf JoQm ub}{ ;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL cGt/f{li6«o ljBfyL{
df]rf{x?df ;fd]n x'g ;a} b]zsf d'lQmsfdL ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx?;+u hf]8bf/ ckLn
ul/Psf] 5 .
PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLdf ;DkGg x'g nfu]sf] qmflGtsf] nflu ;don] h:tf] dfu
u/]sf] 5 ToxL prfOsf] Tofu, tk:of / alnbfg x'g'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lb+b} ;DkGg
ePsf] ;Dd]ngn] n]vgfy Gof}kfg]sf] cWoIftfdf ^# ;b:oLo s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 ..
h;df pkfWoIfx? dx]Gb| >]i7 / /fdbLk cfrfo{ x'g'x'G5 eg] dxf;lrjdf lxdfn zdf{,
;lrjdf s~rg vgfn / sf]iffWoIfdf o'j/fh rf}nfufO{+ x'g'x'G5 . cGo s]Gb|Lo
;b:ox?df lzj 8f"uL, ;L=jL= s8l/of, O{Zj/ 9'+ufgf, b'uf{ rfkfufO{+, z/brGb|
/;fOnL, cd[tf /fO{, kf;fª z]kf{, dx]z ofbj, lzj/fd ofbj, 8L=jL= tfdfª, k;LGb|
k6]n, z}n]Gb| l3ld/], xl/ rf}nfufO{+, o'j/fh e§/fO{, nlnt 3nfg, bLk]Gb| kGt,
;'/]z uf}td, /d]z dNn, v8\s/fh ;}h'jfn, hgs a'9f, emk6 ;fpb, sdn zfxL,
k"0f{axfb'/ l;+x, ljGbdfg lji6, /]zd k'g, uf]kfn af]xf]/f, 1fdgfy u}/],
k|bLk jnL, hgL a~hf8], sdn kf}8]n, ;Ltf jf}8]n, ;'bLk s'"j/, xl/z/0f
cfrfo{, uf]s'n lg/f}nf / g/]Gb| Gof}kfg] x'g'x'G5 .
To:t} j}slNks s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox?df t]hs'df/L kf}8]n, clgn zdf{, xl/ rf}w/L,
s[i0f a8'jfn, a}s'07 kf]v/]n, l;=Pg= 9'ª\ufgf, cOGb|ljqmd j]3f, g]q nfdf,
b]j;fu/ bf; / /fh]z vltj8f x'g'x'G5 . ;fy} a]kQf kfl/Psf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox?df
k"0f{ kf}8]n, ljkLg e08f/L, lbnaxfb'/ /fO{, gjLg /fO{, hfgsL rf}w/L, s[i0f
rf}w/L, sdn kL=Pd=, s6s /fO{, lgb{n zfx / b]jxl/ l/hfn x'g'x'G5 . To:t}
aGbL s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox?df tf/f e08f/L / /fhsfhL dxh{g x'g'x'G5 .
;Dd]ngn] ljljw /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ljifox?df ;d;fdlos k|:tfjx? ;d]t
kfl/t u/]sf] 5 . kfl/t k|:tfjx?df – jftf{sf] qmddf toePsf cfrf/;+lxtf pNnª\3g
ub}{ b]zsf ljleGg efudf rnfOPsf] xTof, w/ks8, r]lsª / zfxL ;]gf kl/rfng h:tf
k'/fgf] /fHo;Qfsf s's[Tosf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] 3f]/ lj/f]w Pjd\ eT;{gf ub}{
jftf{nfO{ nDAofp"b} ljleGg if8\oGqdf tNnLg k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ tTsfn jftf{sf]
jftfj/0f agfpg hf]8bf/ dfu ul/Psf] 5 . ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgdfkm{t\
cu|ufdL lgsf;df k'Ug ;a} kIf;+u ljz]if cfu|x ub}{ z}lIfs cfGbf]ngnfO{ cem
;zQm / k|efjsf/L agfpg ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngsf] lglDt /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] ;a} ljBfyL{
;+u7gx?nfO{ cfx\jfg u/]sf] 5 .
k|:tfjdf ljBfyL{ g]tf k"0f{ kf}8]n nufot ;Dk"0f{ a]kQf
kfl/Psfx?nfO{ ;fj{hlgs u/L l/xf ug{ tyf h]ndf aGbL agfOg'ePsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox?
tf/f e08f/L, /fhsfhL dxh{g nufot ;a} ljBfyL{x?nfO{ l/xf ug{ klg hf]8bf/ dfu
ul/Psf] 5 .. ;/sf/n] clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ ;+u ;xdlt u/]cg'?k df=lj=
;Ddsf] lgMz'Ns nufot cGo a'+bfx? t'?Gt sfof{Gjog ug{ dfu ul/Psf] 5 .
cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltsf] d"Nofª\sg ub}{ k|:tfjdf elgPsf] 5–
…cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb;+u ePsf] slyt cft+sjfb lgoGq0f;DaGwL ;Demf}tf ljZjsf]
;aeGbf 7"nf] cft+sjfbL gfOs] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_nfO{
nufPsf] slyt cft+sjfbsf] ljNnf g]kfndf c:jfefljs ?kdf tLa| eO/x]sf] cd]l/sL ;Go
ultljlwx?, o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff eO;s]kZrft\ klg eLif0f o'4sf] v'n]cfd tof/L ub}{
ljb]zaf6 7"nf] kl/0ffddf cTofw'lgs xltof/ leq\ofpg] h:tf 3f]/ o'4lkkf;'
x/st tyf To;sf] pS;fx6df g]kfnL hgtfdfly aa{/ bdgsf] tof/L ul//x]sf] ;fdGtL
/fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfblj?4 of] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng 3f]/ eT;{gf ub}{ tLa| Iff]e JoQm
ub{5 .Ú cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] :jtGq / ;fj{ef}d /fi6« O/fsdfly u/]sf] gfª\uf]
xdnfsf] 3f]/ lj/f]w / eT;{gf ub}{ tL b]zx?df pkl:yt cd]l/sL ;}lgs tTsfn lkmtf{
ug{ klg dfu ul/Psf] 5 . ljZjJokL ?kdf rn]sf ;a} /fli6«o d'lQm tyf hgd'lQm
cfGbf]ngk|lt /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] P]Soa4tf hfx]/ u/]sf] 5 .
;Dd]ng pb\3f6g ;df/f]xsf k|d'v cltly g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf :yfoL ;ldlt
;b:o tyf jftf{6f]nL ;b:o s= /fdaxfb'/ yfkf -jfbn_ n] ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf]
lyof] . hgjuL{o ;+u7gx?sf] tkm{af6 cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL cWoIf hok'/L
3tL{ tyf cg]d;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL ;Nnfxsf/ zfGtf >]i7n] ;Dd]ng ;kmntfsf] nflu
z'esfdgf JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . z'esfdgf dGtJo lbg] qmddf ;dfhjfbL ljBfyL{
o'lgog, >Lnª\sfsf– ljdn /ygfOs], e'6fgL ljBfyL{ o'lgog, e'6fgsf d'lQm u'?ª
tyf lnu ckm lkmlnlkgf] :6'8]06, lkmlnlkG;sf n/]G; sfl:tnf] nufot ljleGg d'n'ssf
k|ltlglwx?n] ;Dd]ng ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf lbg'ePsf] lyof] . pxf"x?n]
g]kfnsf] hgo'4 / oxf"sf hgtfn] v]n]sf] e"ldsfaf/] k|z+;f ub}{ g]kfnL
hgo'4 / hgtfk|lt cfkm\gf] P]Soa4tf hfx]/ ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
z'esfdgf dGtJo JoQm ug'{x'g] cGo cltlyx?df cg]/f:jljo'sf /fh]Gb| /fO{,
g]lj;+3sf u'?/fh l3ld/], cg]/f:jljo' -PsLs[t_ sf k|sfz kf]v/]n, cg]/f:jljo'sf
s[i0f /fgf, g]skf -Pdfn]_sf zª\s/ kf]v/]n, cleefjs ;ª\3sf tkm{af6 jL/]Gb|
emfkfnL x'g'x'GYof] . pb\3f6g ;q b]a]Gb| k/fh'nLsf] ;efkltTj / n]vgfy
Gof}kfg]sf] ;~rfng tyf uf]kfn zdf{sf] :jfut dGtJodf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf k|lt/f]w, ;]g–Roª, z}n'ª nufotsf ;f":s[lts kl/jf/sf
snfsf/x?n] /f]rs uLt tyf g[Tox? k|:t't u/]sf lyP . ;Dk"0f{ lhNnfsf
k|ltlglw–ko{j]Ifsx?sf] pkl:yltdf ;DkGg aGb ;qdf &% j6} lhNnfaf6
cf–cfkm\gf] If]qsf] af/]df ;f/ule{t l/kf]l6{¨ ul/Psf] lyof] . bdgsf
aLrdf klg ;+u7g slQ klg ljrlnt geO{ cem b[9tfsf ;fy cl3 a9]sf] s'/f lhNnfsf
k|ltlglwx?n] atfPsf lyP .
ljBfyL{ ;Dd]ngsf] cfsif{0fsf] s]Gb|ljGb'df afn;+u7gsf k|ltlglwx?
x'g'x'GYof] . ?s'dsf bzjifL{o b]jaxfb'/ u'?ª, /f]Nkfsf !@ jifL{o k'?iff]Qd
3tL{ / ;Nofgsf !@ jifL{o dbg a:g]tn] cfkm"x? of] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngdf pkl:yt
x'g kfPsf]df uf}/jflGjt ePsf] atfP . afnljBfyL{ g]tf b]j u'?ªn]
hgfb]z;+u– xfdL ca of] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf] ;Gb]z lnP/ ufp+ hfg]5f}+ /
afn ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ cem prfOdf k'¥ofpg] atfP .
g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fgsf] xndf vrfvr el/Psf ljBfyL{,
k|ltlglw–ko{j]Ifs / bz{sx?aLr Pp6f 7"nf] / kGw|j6f ;fgf d}gaQLx? Ps};fy
afn]/ k|d'v cltly sd/]8 jfbnn] ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pb\3f6g
d~rsf] cu|efudf dxfg\ ljBfyL{ zxLbx?sf t:jL/x? ;hfOPsf lyP . pb\3f6g / aGb
;q xnaflx/ s= k|r08sf] ljzfn t:jL/;"u} …ljb|f]x ug'{ hgtfsf] clwsf/ xf]Ú
eGg] plQm k|sflzt Aofg/ ;hfOPsf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngsf] k"j{;GWofd}
sf7df8f}+df k|rf/ ;fdu|Lx? / em08fx?n] /ª\uLrª\uL agfOPsf] lyof] .
;Dd]ngs} ;Gbe{df zxLb k'l:tsf klg k|sflzt ul/Psf] lyof] .
;fd|fHojfb
lj?4 ;femf d~rsf] cfjZostf
sf7df8f}+÷cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_ sf] ;f]x|f}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf
qmddf cltlysf ?kdf ljleGg b]zsf ljBfyL{ ;+u7gaf6 cfPsf k|ltlglw g]tfx?n] ljZjsf
Gofok|]dL / d'lQmsfdL hgtfsf] ;femf b'Zdg cd]l/sL ;fd|FHojfb / To;sf s7k'tnL
;+/rgfsf lj?4 Pp6f ;femf d~r agfP/ n8\g'kg{] cjZostfdf hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ .
To;}u/L ;Dd]ngdf z'esfdgf ;Gb]z k7fp"b} cGo b]zsf ;+u7gx?n] hgtfsf] d'lQm /
clwsf/sf nflu ;"u} lx8\g'kg{] atfPsf 5g\ .
>Ln+sfnL ;+;bsf ;b:o / ;f];lni6 :6'8]G6 o'lgogsf g]tf ljdn /ygfos]n]
hgfb]z ;fKtflxssf k|ltlglw;"u s'/f ub{} >Ln+sf, ;fs{ /fi6«, Plzof
Kofl;lkms nufotsf b]zx?df cd]l/sfn] …km'6fpg] / zf;g ug{]Ú gLlt cg'?k
ljZjnfO{ cfºgf] cwLgdf lng] sf]lz; ul//x]sf]n] To;sf lj?4 ;fs{ If]qsf
;Dk"0f{ Gofok|]dL ljBfyL{sf] ;femf df]rf{ jf Plzof Kofl;lkms If]qdf To:t}
lsl;dsf df]rf{x? lgdf{0f u/L ;+o'Qm ?kdf ;fd|fHojfb / To;sf c+ux? lj?4 ;+3if{
ug{'kg{] atfpg'eof] . To:t} lkmlnlkG;sf] lnu ckm lkmlnlkgf] :6'8]G6;sf g]tf
n/]G; sfl:tnf]n] ;fd|fHojfbsf] ;dfg kL8faf6 pTkLl8t /fi6«x?sf ljleGg ljBfyL{
;+u7gx?aLr lgs6sf] /fd|f] ;DaGw ljsf; ug{], cfºgf ;+3if{ / sfo{qmdx? Pscfk;df
cfbfg–k|bfg u/L ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 n8\g Pp6f ;femf d~r agfpg'kg{] s'/fdf hf]8
lbg'eof] . lkmlnlkG;df ePsf] cd]l/sL / Toxf"sf] cf/f]of] ;/sf/sf]
bdgsf af/]df lj:t[t hfgsf/L u/fp"b} n/]G;n] ;}Go vr{ s6f}tL u/fO{ lzIffdf
nufpg cfkm"x?n] ;+3if{ ul//x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
To:t} :6'8]G6 o'lgog ckm e"6fgsf pkfWoIf d'lQm/fh u'?ªn]
e"6fgdf /x]sf] lzIffsf] b"/fj:yfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fp"b} ;g\
!(() kl5 w]/} :s"nx? aGb u/L k"jL{ / blIf0f e"6fgsf ljBfyL{x?nfO{
k9\gaf6 al~rt ul/Psf] atfpg'eof] .
To:t}u/L ;Dd]ng ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf kqdf :6'8]G6 o'lg6L ckm a+unfb]zsf
cWoIf ;fdfxf cln vfg sf]lnG;n] hgtfsf] d'lQm / clwsf/sf nflu ;a} Gofok|]dL
ljBfyL{x? Pp6} af6f]df lx8\g'kg{] pNn]v ug{'ePsf] 5 . ;Dd]ng ;kmntfs} nflu
l;l2 ;flu|b txl/s kfls:tfgsf s]Gb|Lo cWoIfn] cGt/f{li6«o P]Soa4tf;lxt k7fpg'
ePsf] z'esfdgf kqdf æ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf nflu cGofosf] sfnf]/ftdf dfl/Psf
;Dk"0f{ zxLbx?nfO{ nfn ;nfdÆ eGg' ePsf] 5 .. kqdf pQm cWoIf chx/
a'n]bLn] ;fd|fHojfb lj?4 ;a} pTkLl8t ju{ / /fi6«x?sf] d'lQmsf nflu xfdL
;"u} ;+3if{ ug{]5f}+ elgPsf] 5 .
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf] ;Dd]ng a]nfotsf] SoflDa|h ljZjljBfnosf] Ps ljBfyL{
;+u7gsf k|ltlglw, cn Ol08of :6'8]G6; o'lgog, leotgfd :6'8]G6;, n]kml6:6 k|mG6
ckm :6'8]G6 o'lgog jdf{ nufotsf b]zsf ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx?n] z'esfdgf ;Gb]zdf
;fd|fHojfbL ;femf b'Zdg lj?4 ;femf af6f]df lx8\g'kg{] cfjZostfdf hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ .
bnx¿n]
cu|ufdL lgsf;nfO{ :ki6 ug{ ;s]gg\– s= k|sfz
sf7df8f}+÷;/sf/–dfcf]jfbLaLrsf] t];|f] r/0fsf] jftf{sf] ltlyldlt
a]jfl/; /x]sf] cj:yf, kf"r /fhg}lts kf6L{x?åf/f ev{/} hf/L …;femf
sfo{qmdÚ tyf cGo ;fdlos ljifodf cfkm\gf wf/0ff JoQm ub}{ g]=s=kf=-Pstf
s]Gb|–d;fn_ sf ;x–dxfdGqL s= k|sfzn] ;l6s k|ltlqmof lbg'ePsf] 5 .
ax'rlr{t l;nu'8L a}7ssf cfof]hs;d]t /xg'ePsf s= k|sfzn] lxhf] k|sflzt hgPstf
;fKtflxsdfkm{t\ ;fj{hlgs ug'{ePsf] ;f] k|ltlqmofdf ;+ljwfg ;efdfkm{t\ gof+
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;df ;xdt zlQmx?, d'VotM jfdkGyL
zlQmx?n] ;xsfo{ ub}{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ cl3 a9fpg'kg]{ cfjZostf ePsf] s'/fdf ljz]if
hf]8 lbg'ePsf] 5 .
pxf+n] kf+r kf6L{x?åf/f lgwf{l/t ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ jf k|ltlglw;ef
k'g:yf{kgfsf] dfu / gf/fn] dfq b]znfO{ tfTsflns ;ª\s6af6 d'Qm ug{ g;Sg]
atfpg'ePsf] 5 . s= k|sfzn] ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]lift p2]ZonfO{ k"/f
ug{sf nflu cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;nfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ ;+ljwfg;efdfkm{t\
;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfdf x:tfGt/0f x'g'kg]{ :ki6 ug'{ePsf] 5 . cu|ufdL
Ph]08faf/]df kf"r kf6L{x?leq ;ª\3if{ rln/x]sf] tYo :ki6 kfg'{x'"b}
kf"r kf6L{x?åf/f ev{/} hf/L ul/Psf] …cu|ufdL ;'wf/sf] ;femf b[li6sf]0f /
sfo{qmdÚ cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] ;femf cjwf/0ff geP/ s]xL ;'wf/sf ;femf sfo{qmd dfq
ePsf] l6Kk0fL ug'{ ePsf] 5 . b]zdf ljBdfg uDeL/ ;ª\s6 / u[xo'4nfO{
zflGtk"0f{ 9ª\un] ;dfwfg ug{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ tyf kf"r kf6L{x? nufot
cu|udgsf kIfkftL cGo zlQmx? klg cfGbf]ngsf] Pp6} df]rf{df cfa4 eP/ hfg'kg]{df
kf+r kf6L{åf/f ev{/} hf/L …sfo{qmdÚ cfzf ul/Pcg'?k geP klg cu|ufdL
/fhg}lts lgsf;sf] k|lqmofsf af/]df l56f]eGbf l56f] 6'ª\uf]df k'Ug rf}tkmL{ bafj
h?/L ePsf] s'/f pxf"n] atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
k|ltudgsf lj?4 cu|udg Pjd\ zflGtsf] kIfdf ;~rflnt ;a} cfGbf]ngsf aLr
tfnd]n / ;dembf/Lsf] ckl/xfo{tfdf hf]8 lbg'x'"b} s= k|sfzn] b]zdf cGttM
;}lgs zf;g jf cu|ufdL lgsf; b'O{ ljsNk /x]sfn] kl/l:yltk|lt uDeL/ aGg ;a}nfO{
cfu|x ug'{ePsf] 5 .
hg;f“:s[lts ;+3sf] bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng ;DkGg
gof“ ;“:s[lt lgdf{0fsf] ofqfdf k|lta4tfsf] ;ª\sNk
sf7df8f}+÷clvn g]kfn hg;f“:s[lts ;+3sf] bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng
oxL c;f/ !& / !* ut] sf7df8f}+df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;Dd]ngn] dl0f yfkf
cWoIf / 8f= Clif/fh a/fn dxf;lrj ;lxtsf] !(;b:oLo s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 .
s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf pkfWoIfdf 3gZofd 9sfn, ;lrjdf O{Zj/rGb| 1jfnL, sf]iffWoIfdf
k"0f{ 3tL{ /xg'ePsf] 5 eg] ;b:ox?df u0f]z e08f/L, u+uf >]i7, dfOnf nfdf,
;Ltf cfrfo{, lblnk >]i7, zf/bf >]i7, s'ndfg a'9f, lji0f' ;fksf]6f, df]xnfn
rGb, xif{axfb'/ dNn, /f]zg hgsk'/L, bftf/fd ltlD;gf / OGb|axfb'/ lyª\ /xg'ePsf]
5 .
o;sf
;fy} ;Dd]ngn] jl/i7 ;f“:s[lts JolQmTjx? zlQm nD;fn / v'zL/fd kflv|gnfO{
s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ d08ndf rog u/]sf]
5 . ;Dd]ngn] zflGt / cu|ufdL lgsf; g]kfnL hgtfsf] rfxgf ePsf] / o;sf nflu
dfcf]jfbL kIfn] cufl8 ;f/]sf] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg;ef g}
cu|ufdL lgsf;sf nflu Psdfq ;xL / cf}lrTok"0f{ dfu{ ePsf] 7x/ ub{} o; lj?4
ePsf if8\oGqsf] e08fkmf]/ ug{] k|:tfj kfl/t u/]sf] 5 . ;Dd]ngn] cft+ssf]
e"d08nLs/0f ub{} cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] dRrfPsf] ljZjJofkL cft+ssf] tLj|
lgGbf tyf eT;{gf ub{} cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s /fhgLltdfly u/]sf]
x:tIf]k aGb ug{ …cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb g]kfn 5f]8Ú eGg] k|:tfj hf]8bf/ ?kdf
kfl/t u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} k'/fgf] ;Qfåf/f ;~rflnt ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dfWodåf/f
k|;fl/t–k|sflzt tyf k|jflxt ul/g] c:j:y, ljs[t, cj}1flgs, cZnLn, e|dk"0f{
/ hglj/f]wL ;fdu|Lx? t'?Gt aGb ug{ / eflifs c;dfgtf tyf hftLo, ln+uLo / IF]qLo
pTkL8g aGb u/L hgkIfLo, j}1flgs / ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug{ k|:tfj kfl/t
u/]sf] 5 .
b]zel/sf
Ps;o ;tf;L k|ltlglw / ko{j]Ifssf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] aGb ;qn] dfn]df tyf k|r08kyåf/f
lgb{]lzt ;f}Gbo{lrGtg cjnDag u/L dxfg\ ;f“:s[lts zxLbx?n] b]vfPsf] af6f]df
b[9tfsf ;fy cl3 a9\g] k|lta4tf ;Dd]ngn] JoQm u/]sf] 5 . ;Dd]ngn]
o'4lj/fdsf] ;dodf klg cgfjZos xTof, w/ks8, vfgtnf;L / k'/fgf] ;Qfåf/f ul/b}
cfPsf cftª\ssf] lqmofsnfk cljnDa /f]Sg / lgjf{w ?kdf cleJolQm :jtGqtf pkef]u
ug{ kfpg'kg{] jftfj/0f agfpg dfu u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} ;Dd]ngn] ufoj kfl/Psf
;f“:s[ltssdL{x? ;fj{hlgs ug{ tyf OR5's nufot ;f“:s[ltssdL{x?sf] xTof/fdfly
sfjf{xL ug{ dfu u/]sf] 5 .. To:t} e"6fgL gful/snfO{ g]kfnL gful/stf
lbg] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] lg0f{osf] eT;{gf ub{} ;Dd]ngn] e"6fgL gful/snfO{ ljgf
zt{ ;–;Ddfg :jb]z kms{g] jftfj/0f ldnfpg ;d]t dfu u/]sf] 5 .
;Dd]ngsf]
aGb ;qdf ;+3sf] ljwfg / k|ltj]bg k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . aGb zqsf k|ltlglwx?åf/f
ljleGg 5nkmn / ;'emfj;lxt ljwfg / k|ltj]bg kfl/t ul/Psf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngdf
k|:t't k|ltj]bgdf /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltsf] lj:t[t ljZn]if0f ub{}
;f“:s[lts If]qsf ;d:of, r'gf}tL / ;dfwfgsf] ljZn]if0f u/L dfn]dfjfb /
k|r08kyLo ;f}Gbo{zf:qLo d"Noåf/f lgb{]lzt ;f“:s[lts cfGbf]ng g} ;a}
lsl;dsf zf]if0f, bdg, lyrf]ldrf] tyf ljs[lt / lj;ª\ultsf lj?4 n8\g] dfu{ xf]
eGg] lgrf]8 k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
;Dd]ngkl5
a;]sf] gof“ sfo{;ldltsf] a}7sn] b]zJofkL ;+3if{ / cleofgsf ljleGg sfo{qmdx?sf]
to, ljleGg ljefux?sf] u7g / k"0f{ 3tL{sf] g]t[Tjdf ;fdgf kl/jf/sf] k'gu{7g
ul/Psf] ;+3sf dxf;lrj Clif/fh a/fnåf/f c;f/ @@ ut] hf/L u/]sf] k|]z jQmJodf
pNn]v 5 .
o;
cl3 ;+3sf] bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf] c;f/ !& ut] pb\3f6g ;df/f]x ;DkGg
ePsf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g jl/i7 ;f“:s[lts JolQmTj zlQm nD;fn /
v'zL/fd kflv|gn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . pQm pb\3f6g sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly g]kfn
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o /fdaxfb'/ yfkf …afbnÚ
x'g'x'GYof] .
pb\3f6g
sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Djf]wg ub{} k|d'v cltly jfbnn] hgtfaf6 g]t[Tj, snfsf/, snfsdL{x?
s6]kl5 k|ltqmflGt z'? ePsf] atfpg' eof] . jxf“n] cfºgf] z'esfdgf dGtJodf
g]t[Tj / hgtfaLrsf] ;dfof]hg / To;af6 ljsf; x'g] ljrf/sf sf/0f qmflGt ;kmn ePsf]
atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] cufl8 eGg'eof]– …hgtfsf uLt ufpg] snfsf/ hgtfsf
;d:ofx?;“u jf:tljs ?kdf Psfsf/ x'g ;s]gg\ eg] qmflGtsf/L uLt ufpg' / gfRg'sf]
cy{ x'“b}g .Ú pxf“n] ;f“:s[lts df]rf{n] cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfb lj?4 j[xt df]rf{ agfpg h?/L /x]sf] atfp“b} ;f“:s[lts cltqmd0f,
k|b"if0f / ljs[ltx?nfO{ /f]Sgsf nflu hgtf;“u cem Psfsf/ x'g snfsdL{x?nfO{
cfu|x ug{'eof] . hgtfsf] pef/nfO{ u'0ffTds ?kdf ljsf; ug{ / PSsfO;f}+
ztfAbLsf r'gf}tLx?nfO{ ;fdgf ug{ ;Ifd g]t[Tj ;Dd]ngn] rog u/f];\ eGg] z'esfdgf
lbg'eof] .
;f“:s[lts
nufot ;Dk"0f{ zxLbx?k|lt ! ldg]6 df}gwf/0f;lxt z'? ePsf] pb\3f6g sfo{qmdsf]
;efkltTj ;+3sf pkfWoIf 3gZofd 9sfn, pb\3f]if0f dxf;lrj dl0f yfkf / s]=;= Clif/fh
a/fnn] :jfut dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf ljleGg df]rf{ /
;+u7gsf k|ltlglwx?n] ;Dd]ng ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf lbg' ePsf] lyof] .
;Dd]ng
;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf lb+b} g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ;f“:s[lts ljefusf ;b:o ;'dgn]
/fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f ub{} ;Ifd g]t[Tj rog ug{ ;Dd]ng ;kmn
x'g] ljZjf; JoQm ug{'eof] . To:t} jl/i7 ;f“:s[ltssdL{ v'zL/fd kflv|gn]
;Dd]ngn] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ljs[t, cZnLn / k/hLjL ;“:s[ltsf lj?4 j}1flgs, hgd'vL /
cfTdlge{/ ;“:s[lt lgdf{0f ug{] af6f]df hg;f“:s[lts ;+3 ;kmn x'g] cfzf
ug{'eof] . sfo{qmdsf csf{ jQmf k|ultjfbL ;dfnf]rs hubLzrGb| e08f/Ln] s[i0f
;]gsf ;kgfx? k"/f ub{} gof“ ;f“:s[lts cfGbf]ngdf gof“ lbzflgb{]zg ug{
;Dd]ng ;kmn x'g] atfpg'eof] . ;f“:s[lts zxLb 8L=jL= yfkfsL hLjg;+lugL
piffn] zxLbsf] /utsf] ;Ddfg ub{} cfufdL lbgdf ;+3n] gof“ ;+:s[lt lgdf{0fdf
gof“ sfo{lbzf Nofpg] s'/fdf ljZjf; JoQm ug{'eof] . To:t} clvn
-qmflGtsf/L_ sf pkfWoIf n]vgfy Gof}kfg]n] PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf ;f“:s[lts r'gf}tL
;fdgf ug{ g]t[Tj rog ug{ ;Dd]ng ;kmn x'g] ljZjf; JoQm ug{'eof] .
;Dd]ng
;kmntfsf] z'esfdgfsf ;fy du/f“t d'lQm df]rf{ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] Ps kq k7fPsf]
lyof] . pb\3f6g / aGb ;qsf] xndf dfS;{, dfcf], n";'g / k|r08sf
;“:s[lt ;DaGwL p4/x0fx? n]lvPsf Jofg/ / t'nx? 6f“luPsf lyP . ;Dd]ngdf
^) lhNnfaf6 / ljleGg If]qLo tyf lhNnfut ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf k|ltlglwx?n] cfºgf]
l/kf]l6{ª k|:t't ug{'ePsf] lyof] .. ;Dd]ngdf k|jf;af6 ;d]t pkl:ylt /x]sf]
lyof] . ;Dd]ngdf ;]tL–dxfsfnLsf] IF]qLo kl/jf/, k|lt/f]w ;f“:s[lts
;d"x, ;]g–Rofª ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/, z}n'ª ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ nufotsf
kl/jf/n] uLt tyf ;+uLt k|:t't u/]sf lyP .
“bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngaf6 ;+3sf] cWoIfdf lgjf{lrt eO;s]kl5 cWoIf
dl0f yfkfn] ;Dk"0f{ ;f“:s[lts zxLbn] 5f]8]/ uPsf gof“ ;“:s[lt
lgdF{0fsf] cleef/fnfO{ k"/f ug{ gof“ s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt bQlrQ eP/ nfUg]
k|ltj4tf JoQm ug{'eof] . hgd'lQm o'4n] ;ftjif{sf] cjlwdf k|fKt u/]sf
pknlAwnfO{ hgtfsf] aLrdf n}hfg / cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf k|rf/–k|;f/ / ;Dk|]if0f
ug{] jt{dfg cleef/fnfO{ ;d]t cfTd;ft\ ug{] atfpg' eof] .
;fd|fHojfbsf
ljs[t, cZnLn, cltqmd0fsf/L / k/hLjL ;“:s[ltsf lj?4 gjLg, cfTdlge{/, j}1flgs /
hgd'vL ;“:s[lt lgdf{0fsf nflu hg;f“:s[lts ;+3 ;b}j zxLbx?n] lgb{]z u/]sf]
af6f]df lx8\g] k|lta4tf JoQm ug{'eof] . cfºgf] ;+3sf lgjt{dfg cWoIf s[i0f
;]g …OR5'sÚ s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? 8L=aL= yfkf, Rofªaf nfdf, d:t lji6, /f]lxt
sf]O/fnf / ;o hgf eGbf a9L ;f“:s[lts zxLbx?nfO{ efjk"0f{ ;Ddfg ck{0f ub{}
yfkfn] tL zxLbn] hg;“:s[lt lgdf{0fsf] cfGbf]ngdf u/]sf] alnbfgnfO{ ;fsf/ kfg{
af“sL /x]sf klysx?sf] sf“wdf yk lhDd]jf/L cfPsf] atfpg'eof] .
ljut
;ft jif{sf] cjlwdf ;fdGtjfbL / cGo ;Dk"0f{ lsl;dsf k'/ftg, ?l9jfbL
;“:s[lt wf/fzfoL x'“b} uPsf] / gjLg pGgt ;“:s[lt lgdf{0f x'“b} uO/x]sf]
Jofjxfl/s pbfx/0f lb+b} yfkfn] To;sf] ;d'lrt ljsf; / lj:tf/ cfjZostf /x]sf]
atfpg'eof] .
cfrf/;+lxtfsf]
pNnª\3g, ;}lgs cft+s hf/L
sf7df8f}+÷cl3Nnf] o'4lj/fdsf] a]nf …PsLs[t ;'/IFf tyf cfGtl/s ljsf;Ú
sf gfddf ufp+df cft+s km}nfPsf] zfxL ;]gfn] o;kfnL …zflGt :jf:Yo ;]jf
;'/Iff, /fxt tyf ;b\efj clej[l4 sfo{qmdÚ lnP/ cfrf/;+lxtf pNn+3gsf] l;nl;nf
a9fPsf] 5 . zfxL ;]gfåf/f k|fof]lht slyt :jf:Yo lzlj/, /fxt ljt/0f /
;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdn] zflGtsf] rfxgf ug{] g]kfnLx?nfO{ cft+lst t'NofO/x]sf] 5 .
o'4lj/fdsf] nuQ} k|fof]lht zfxL ;]gfsf] cEof; r]tgf, cEof; dgsfdgf /
cEof; ;b\efjgf gfds slyt dgf]j}1flgs sf/jfxLn] k'gM bf];|f] k6ssf] o'4lj/fdnfO{
k|efljt kfg{ yfn]sf] 5 . ut j}zfvaf6 ;+rflnt zfxL ;]gfsf] cft+ssf] cEof;
h+uL c8\8fdf :yfkgf ePsf] dgf]j}1flgs sf/jfxL zfvfn] agfPsf] xf] . pQm
cleofgaf6 cft+lst ePsf a:tLx?sf ;dfrf/ hgfb]znfO{ k|fKt eO/x]sf 5g\ .
lu/km\tf/Lkl5
uf]nL xfg]/ 3fOt] agfOof]
;'/Iff kmf}hn] c5fdsf ufp"x?df Jofks u:tL a9fP/ cgfjZos vfgtnf;L,
lu/ºtf/L a9fPsf] 5 . Toxf+af6 ;To/fh ltldlN;gfn] lbPsf] hfgsf/L
cg';f/ oxL c;f/ !& ut] dfcf]jfbLsf % hgf sfo{stf{nfO{ zfxL ;]gfn] a:tL
ufh;sf] 9sf/Laf6 lu/ºtf/ u/]sf] lyof] . lu/ºtf/ ul/Psf dfcf]jfbL
sfo{stf{sf] ;fydf l;of] ;d]t lyPg tfklg kqmfp u/L r/d oftgf lb+b} ;b/d'sfd k'¥ofOof] .
lu/ºtf/ dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{dWo] jL/]Gb|axfb'/ lji6nfO{ tfs]/ s'GtL 9'+ufgLdf
%) cf}+ /fp08 uf]nL rnfp"bf # j6f uf]nL nfu]sf] 5 . pxf+sf] l:ylt
lrGtfhgs cj:yfdf /x]sfn] u:tL ug{ uPsf] zfxL ;]gfsf x]lnsf]K6/ g]kfnu~h k'¥ofO
pkrf/ ug{}k5{ eGg] sfuh u/fP/ :yfgLo hgtfn] k7fPsf lyP .. xfn jL/]Gb|
lji6sf] g]kfnu~hl:yt e]/L c~rn c:ktfndf pkrf/ eO/x]sf] 5 t/ :jf:Yo l:ylt
lrGtfhgs /x]sf] s'/f c:ktfn ;"qn] atfPsf] 5 .
ptf c5fdsf] ;b/d'sfd k'¥ofOPsf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ P]g/fh ;~Hofn, c+ubWjh
v8\sf, b]j/fh b]jsf]6f / s'naxfb'/ af]u6LnfO{ ;}lgs Jof/]sdf r/d oftgf lbOof] .
/, dfcf]jfbL lhNnf hg;/sf/sf] r]tfjgLdf !( ut] tL $ hgf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ l/xf
ePsf 5g\ . l/xf ePsf sfo{stf{x? ;fwf/0f lx8\g;Dd g;Sg] 5g\ . lhNnf
hg;/sf/ k|d'v ljif{ e08f/Ln] hgfb]znfO{ atfpg' ePcg';f/ ;}lgs cft+s ufp"
ufp" u:tL6f]nLaf6 36fOPsf] 5 . pQm ultljlwn] jftf{ ljyf]lnof] eg]/
hgtf eGg yfn]sf 5g\ . o;} qmddf ;fkm]au/af6 :yfgLo hgtfsf nQfsk8f,
hgsnfsf/x?sf dfbn, dfOs, 38L zfxL ;]gfn] sAhfdf lnPsf] 5 . pQm n'l6Psf]
;dfg lkmtf{ u/fpg lhNnf hg;/sf/n] k'/fgf] ;Qf;"u jftf{ ul//x]sf] 5 .
s'n'ª
xTofsf08sf] oyfy{tf
;+v'jf;efsf] vf"bjf/Laf6 u:tLdf uPsf] zfxL ;]gfn] c;f/ !@ ut] ef]hk'/sf] s'n'ª ufp"df v'§f ef"lrP/ lj/fdL eO{ 3/df cf/fd u/]/ a;]sf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ clgn u'?ª -kjg_ nfO{ sAhfdf lnP/ xTof u/]sf] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ef]hk'/n] hgfPsf] 5 . pQm lhNnf ;ldltsf cg';f/ kf6L{sf ;lqmo sfo{stf{ u'?ª 3/df ;'lt/x]sf] a]nf 3/ 3]/f xfnL sAhfdf
lnPkl5
r/d oftgf lbO{ sfo/tfk"0f{ 9+un] xTof ul/Psf] pNn]v ub{} ;]gfsf]
cfrf/;+lxtfsf] dfGotf ljkl/t ;Dk"0f{ ultljlwx? aGb ug{ r]tfjgL lbPsf] 5 .
ef]hk'/ lhNnf s'9fsfpnL ufh;sf !( jifL{o clgjn u'?ªnfO{ lhNnf kf6L{n] zxLb
3f]if0ff u/]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
zfxL
;]gfåf/f lu/km\tf/L
oxL c;f/ @@ ut] df]/ªsf] 8f"uLxf6 ufh;sf] Ps 3/df al;/x]sf] a]nf $
hgf dhb"/ tyf ljBfyL{ g]tfnfO{ ;]gfn] lu/ºt/ u/]sf] 5 . zfxL ;]gfsf]
lu/ºtf/Ldf kg{]x?df clvn g]kfn 6]«8 o'lgog dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o uf]kfn b+ufn,
clvn g]kfn dhb"/ ;+u7g lhNnf ;b:o sdn uf}td, clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ lhNnf g]tf
lbjfs/ kf]v|]n / cd[t dxtf] /x]sf 5g\ . tL g]tfx?nfO{ lu/ºtf/ u/]kl5
sxf+ s;/L /flvPsf] 5 < eGg] s'/f clxn];Dd yfxf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
kfl/jfl/s ;"qnfO{ klg To;sf] hfgsf/L 5}g .
zfxL
;]gf hgtfsf] nv]6fOdf
cfrf/;+lxtfsf] 7f8} pNn+3g ub{} :jf:Yo lzlj/ :yfkgf ug{] / s'lxPsf]
cf}ifwL ljt/0f ug{] gfddf c:yfoL SofDk v8f ug{] p2]Zon] ufp+ k'u]sf zfxL
;]gfnfO{ sflnsf]6sf ufpn]x?n] cTofrf/ ;xg g;s]/ nv]l6lbPsf 5g\ .
sflnsf]6af6 k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ lhNnfsf] d'd|f ufh;df k'u]sf zfxL
;]gfnfO{ ufpaf6 nv]6L h'Dnf k7fOPsf] 5 . zfxL ;]gf ufpdf
hf+bf hgtfaf6 s'g} ;xof]u gkfPkl5 ef]sef]s} kms{g' k/]sf] l/;df cTofrf/
ul/Psf]n] nv]l6Psf] atfOPsf] 5 .. hgtf zfxL ;]gfsf] d'v} x]g{ klg
?rfpb}gg\ .
hgtfsf] 3[0ffaf6 nlHht ePsf zfxL ;]gfnfO{ ltdLx? hgd'lQm ;]gf eP/ cfP
s'/f ug{]5f}+, vfg lbg]5f}+ gq eg] xTof/f] ;]gfsf] cg'xf/ ;d]t x]g{ rfxGgf}+
eg]/ :yfgLo hgtfn] eg]sf lyP . To:t} ;f]xL cj;/df :yfgLo !@ jif{sf jRrfn]
jftf{ ef+8\g kfOb}g, s'lxPsf] cf}ifwL rflxb}g eGg] gf/f nufpgf;fy ;f/f
ufp+n]x?n] klg gf/f h'n'z nufPsf] yfxf ePsf] 5 .
;]gfsf]
;b\efj sfo{qmdn] ;+s6sfnsf] cfnf] 3fp ;Demfof]
h'Dnfl:yt s]jnh+u u'Ndåf/f ;+rfng u/]sf] ;b\efjgf sfo{qmdn] h'DnL
hgtfnfO{ lgs} cfZro{df kf/]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL g]tf kg]?sf cg';f/ ;+s6sfndf
sgsf ;'Gb/L, lj/f6 / /f/flnxL uflj;sf hgtfnfO{ dfg{ cfpg] zfxL ;]gfn] lgz'Ns
cf}ifwL af"8]sf], skfn sf6]sf], rfprfp af"8]sf] 36gfn] u'lnof] rSn]6df
ljif af"l8/x]sf] egL hgtfn] k|ltlqmof JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .
o:t} x'Dnf lhNnfsf] vfk{'gfy, l5k|f, 7]x], j/ufp"df :jf:Yo lzlj/
;+rfng ug{ uPsf] ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] Jojxf/n] ;+s6sfnsf] cfnf] 3fp ;DemfPsf] :yfgLo
hgtf atfp"5g\ . pgLx?sf] egfO{ 5– xTof/fx?n] g'g rfdn rflxg] a]nf
g'g rfdn /f]s], cf}ifwL rflxg] a]nf cf}ifwL /f]s] t/ clxn] jftf{ ePsf] a]nf
u'Ktr/L ug{ u'lnof] ljif af]sL cfPsf 5g\ .
:yfgLojf;L o'4lj/fd cl3 / kl5 klg uf]nL xfGg] / dfg{]x?n] cf}ifwL
af"6]/ s] ug{ vf]h]sf] xf]nf egL cfZro{ JoQm ub{5g\ . gfd pNn]v gug{]
zt{df :yfgLo Ps lzIfs– zfxL ;]gfsf] of] ultljlwnfO{ :jf:Yo lzlj/ xf]Og,
if8\oGqsf] lzlj/sf] ;+1f lbG5g\ .
dfcf]jfbL
g]tf zfSosf] 3/df cbfntsf] k"hL{
;/sf/ dfcf]jfbLaLr t];|f] jftf{sf] tof/L eO/x]sf] a]nf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tf
lxtdfg zfSonfO{ ljz]if cbfnt nlntk'/n] !% lbg] jf/]06 k"hL{ hf/L u/]sf] 5 .
nfdf] ;dob]lv e"ldut zfSonfO{ /fHo lj?4 ck/fw cGtu{t d'2f rnfO{ ljz]if
cbfntdf xflh/ x'g cfpg' egL jf/]06 hf/L ul/Psf] pQm kq lhk|sf afun'ªn] afun'ªl:yt
zfSosf] 3/df k'¥ofPsf] 5 . cbfntsf] of] /j}ofn] jftf{k|lt k'/fgf] ;Qfsf]
lgot 5n{¨ ePsf] 5 .
;'/Iff
kmf}hsf] u:tLn] 6\ofS6/ n'6\of]
wgu9Ldf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf sfo{stf{n] k|of]u u/]sf] cf/f]kdf km'njf/L
ax'lgofl:yt vfnL hUuf hf]lt/x]sf 6\ofS6/ ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] u:tLn] n'6]sf] 5 .
ut a'waf/ ;] ! !)&& gDa/sf] 6\ofS6/ ax'lgofaf6 / ;] ! t &%( gDa/sf]
6\ofS6/ alnof ufh;sf] n'xfu9af6 n'l6Psf] 5 .
To;}u/L s}nfnLaf6 k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ zfxL ;]gfsf] !%) hgfsf] ;d"xn]
ufpx? 3]/f xfNb} 3/3/df 5fkf dfg{ yfn]sf] 5 . l;+uf] ufpnfO{
rf/}tkm{af6 3]/fp xfn]kl5 3/3/df k;]/ vfgtnf;L, 5fkfdfbf{ ;fdfgx? nyfln+u
kfl/Psf] u'gf;f] hgtfn] hgfb]zl;t kf]v]sf 5g\ . o;n] ufpx? emg\ a9L
cft+lst ag]sf 5g\ . k|foM o:tf] u:tLsf ;]gfn] ug{] u/]sf] s'/f ;dfrf/ ;|f]t
hgfp5 .
;]gfsf]
u:tL / kmfol/ªaf6 hgtf cft+lst
sfe|] lhNnfsf] klZrd a]N6df zfxL ;]gfsf] $ sDkgLn] Jofks u:tLn] kmfol/ª
ub{} :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ cft+lst kfg{ yflnPsf] 5 . zfxL ;]gfsf] pQm sfo{af6
ql;t hgtfn] jftf{ ljyf]lng nfu]sf] xf] ls < eGg] cfz+lst :yfgLo hgtfn]
hgfb]znfO{ atfP . lhNnfsf] jNynL, kgf}tL, s';fb]jL, ¥ofn], jnynL, 9'ªvs{,
Rofl;ªvs{, df]ub]p, rnfn u0f]zyfg, sf]nftL, e"ld8f"8fdf zfxL ;]gfsf]
u:tLn] xjfO kmfo/ ub{} dfcf]jfbLaf/] ;f]wvf]h u5{g\ .
/f}tx6df
lu/km\tf/kl5 oftgf
lxhf] ljxfg lhNnfsf] /fhk'/ km/bxjfl:yt Ok|sfn] 5b{]j k§]nnfO{ lu/ºtf/
u/]sf] 5 . lu/ºtf/ k§]nnfO{ df]6/;fOsnaf6 lxl8/x]sf] a]nf lu/ºtf/ u/]kl5
r/d oftgf lbOPsf] 5 . /, lxh} lbp;f] pQm Ok|sfn] uf}/lt/ rnfgL
ul/;s]sf] ;dfrf/ 5 . k"j{ dGqL cºtfj cfndåf/f kl/rflnt u'08f /
k|x/Lsf] ;+o'Qm ldn]dtf]df pQm lu/ºtf/ u/fOPsf] atfOG5 .
o;}u/L b]zsf 7fp+7fp+df o:t} k|sf/sf 36gf 36fO/x]sf] ljj/0fx?
k|fKt eO/x]sf 5g\ . o;n] ;]gf zflGtjftf{k|lt slt uDeL/ / pQ/bfoL 5 eGg]
b]vfO/x]sf] 5 .
lnjfª÷ut h]7 @) / @! ut] g]= s= kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ klZrd s]Gb|Lo sdf08
ljz]if Ao"/f]cGtu{t If]qLo pBf]u ljefusf] cfof]hgfdf g]kfnsf] æhgjfbL
cfGbf]ngdf pBf]usf] dxTj, cfjZostf, ;Defjgf / r'gf}tLÆ ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd
;DkGg eof] . pBf]u ljefusf ;lrjfno ;b:o s= la?sf] ;efkltTj tyf s= lrsf]{sf]
;~rfngdf ;'? ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf ;ldltsf csf{ ;b:o s= tf/fn] :jfut dGtJo /fVg'
ePsf] lyof] . ljefusf OGrfh{ s= lzlz/sf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf
csf{ cltly s= bL3{, s= cg'k, s= ;'jfz, s= cfefif nufot hgd'lQm ;]gf, ;Qf, :yfgLo
kf6L{, df]rf{ / ljefusf lhDd]jf/ sd/]8x? pkl:yt x'g'x'GYof] . ljz]if If]qsf
!! j6} lhNnfjf6 k|ltlglwTj ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf ljz]if lhNnfsf clwsf+z Pl/ofaf6
k|ltlglwx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
g]kfnL qmflGtsf] o]gfg /ftf] j:tL yjfªsf] hglgld{t xndf dWofGxsf] 7Ls !!
jh]b]lv sfo{qmd z'? ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf g]kfndf hgjfbL cfGbf]ngdf
pBf]usf] dxTj cfjZostf ;Defjgf / r'gf}tL ljifos sfo{kq 5nkmnsf] lglDt k|:t't
ul/Psf] lyof] .. sfo{kqdf /fli6«o÷cGt/fli6«o kl/l:yltjf/] :k:6 kfb}{
cfwf/ If]qleq ;~rflnt ljleGg pBf]ux?sf] ljsf;, lj:tf/, ;Defjgf / r'gf}tLsf
ljifodf k|sfz kfl/Psf] lyof] . ;fd|fHojfbsf] Psflwsf/ ahf/ cy{tGqnfO{
lgoGq0f ug{ / ;j{xf/fju{nfO{ pTkfbgsf ;fwg;|f]tsf dflns agfpgsf nflu ;j{xf/f
juL{o cfGbf]ngnfO{ @! cf} ztfAbLsf] gof" prfOdf p7fpg'kg]{ s'/fdf klg
sfo{qmddf hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] . cfGbf]ngnfO{ cfTdlge{/ jgfpg ljleGg k|sf/sf
pBf]ux?sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug{'kg]{lt/ ;a}sf] Wofg hfg'kg]]{ s'/fdf klg hf]8
lbOPsf] lyof] . sfo{kqdf p7]sf k|ltlqmof :ki6 kfg]{, sfo{kqsf] lj:t[t
JofVof ljefuLo OGrfh{ s= lzlz/n] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . 7"nf zx/ ahf/af6
NofOg] sRrf ;fdfu|Laf6 kof{Kt dfqfdf /sd nufgL u/]/ pBf]u ;+rfng ug{ o'4fjlwdf
Tolt ;+ej gx'g] / pBf]unfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg g;lsg] ePsf] x"'bf cfwf/If]qleq}
k|fKt x'g] sRrf ;fdfu|L ;+sng u/L cfkm\g} k|sf/sf] pBf]u Joj:yfsf] ljsf; /
lj:tf/ ug'{kg{] s'/fdf ljefusf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fOPsF] lyof] .
zx/df
lj:tfl/t hg;Qfsf lg0f{ox¿
af“s]÷g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ åf/f ul7t hg;Qf zx/ ahf/sf] Zj]t cft+s
lrb{} lj:tf/ eO/x]sf 5g\ . af+s] h:tf] t/fO{ If]qdf ;d]t gof+ ;Qf
u7g ug{ / ;+rfng ug{ nflu/x]sf] s'/f sf]xnk'/ dxfb]jk'/L uf=h=;= k|d'vx?n]
hgfpg' ePsf] 5 . oxL ciff9 !% ut] sf]xnk'/ uf=h=;= k|d'v bz/y k/fh'nL /
dxfb]jk'/L uf=h=;= k|d'v 8Da/ zfxLåf/f x:tfIfl/t ;+o'Qm jQmJodf elgPsf] 5–
…ut dlxgf Jofks hg;d'bfox?sf] aLr cToGt} hgjfbL 9+un] ePsf] lgjf{rg k|lqmofaf6
3f]lift dxfb]jk'/L / sf]xnk'/ ;+o'Qm ufp+ hg;ldltsf] xfn} ;DkGg a}7sn]
;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb\ g]kfnsf] ;femf gLlt / sfo{qmdsf] cwLgdf /xL cfºgf
sfdx? cfufdL lbgx?df s;/L cufl8 a9fpg] 5g\ < cfd hgtfsf] ;d:ofx? s;/L xn ub{}
hfg]5g\ < /, ;/sf/sf] sfo{z}nL s:tf] x'g]5 < eGg] nufotsf ljifodf s]xL
7f]; lg0f{ox? u/]sf] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 . h]7 !) otf cfºgf] ufh;x?df
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;Dk"0f{ ultljlw cj}w x'g] hgfpb} @$ a'+b] lg0f{ox?
lj1lKt dfkm{t ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5 . pQm lj1lKtdf pNn]lvt lg0f{ox?df n]lvPsf]
5– …cfufdL lbgdf hg;/f]sf/sf] ;Dk"0f{ k|zf;lgs, sfg"gL, cfly{s,
z}lIfs, ljsf; lgdf{0f nufotsf sfdx? hg;/sf/sf] dftxt / lgb{]zgaf6 x'g]5g\ .
lg0f{ox?df d'Vo lgDglnlvt /x]sf 5g\–
k|ltlqmofjfbL lsQfsf ;]gf k'ln;af6 ljb|f]x u/]/ cfpg]nfO{ plrt k|f]T;fxg
ul/g]5 . hgtfsf] ;]jf / ;'/Iffsf] nflu ufp+ uf+p / 6f]n 6f]ndf
hg;'/Iff l6d lgdf{0f / kl/rfng u/L hg;'/Iff k|0ffnL Jojl:yt agfOg] 5 ..
hgclwsf/sf] lglDt rnfOPsf] hgqmflGtsf] lj?4 u'Ktr/L ug{] sfo{ cdfGo Pj+
sfo{jfxLof]Uo x'g]5 . ;dfhdf ljBdfg hftLo, ln+uLo, If]qLo Pj+ wfld{s
e]befjx? lgif]w ub{} To:tf 5'jf5't tyf e]befjhGo sfo{nfO{ b08gLo 7x/ ul/g]5 ..
hg;/sf/df /x]sf hgk|ltlglwx?n] uDeL/ ck/fw u/]df lghx?nfO{ lkmtf{ af]nfpg]
clwsf/ ;d]t hgtfdf lglxt /xg]5 . :yfgLo zf]ifs, km6fxf, ;L=cfO=8L= ;'/fsL,
hldGbf/, ;fdGt, bnfn gf]s/zfxL k""+hLkltx?dfly hgtfsf] lgoGq0f nufot
u'7Lsf] :jfdLTjdf /x]sf hUuf ljgfd'cfAhf hkmt u/L hldg hf]Tg]sf] cfwf/df
e"ldxLg tyf ul/ax?nfO{ ljt/0f ul/g]5 . hldgsf] plrt xbaGbL nfu"
x'g]5 . df]xLsf] df]xLofgL clwsf/ !÷@ lx:;fdf sfod ul/g] / s'tsf] b/
lqv08L nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . a}+ssf] C0faf6 hgtfnfO{ d'Qm ug{ ;f] C0f gltg{
/ sf]xL s;}n] s'g} klg ul/a ls;fg dhb"/ nufotsf JolQmx?sf] lwtf] lnnfd
g;sfg{÷g:jLsfg{ cg'/f]w ub{} ;f] ePdf To;nfO{ b08gLo 3f]if0ff ul/g]5 .
;dfg sfdsf nflu dlxnf k'?ifnfO{ ;dfg Hofnf lbg'kg{]5 / xfnnfO{ ;fdfGotM
dhb"/x?sf] b}lgs Hofnf ?= *) sfod ul/Psf] 5 . lkog, rf}sLbf/,
dhb"/ nufot ;a}sf] b}lgs sfo{;do a9Ldf * 306fsf] x'g]5 . ls;fgx?nfO{
;:tf] s[lif dn, aLp, ls6gfzs cf}ifwL, s[lif cf}hf/ Pj+ b}lgs pkef]usf cfjZos
j:t'x? ;'ne 9+un] pknAw u/fpg] ;xsf/L k;n, ;xsf/L a}+s vf]Ng k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .
juL{o o'4df nfu]sf hg;]gf, zxLb kl/jf/, o'4df 3fOt] x'g]x?sf] kl/jf/sf] /]vb]v,
;+/If0f ;xof]u ug{' pTkfbg sfo{df nfu]sf :yfgLojfl;Gbfsf] st{Jo ePsf]n] ;f]
st{Jo lgjf{x ug{ tL hg;d'bfox? :jtM:km"t{ ?kdf kl/rflnt x'g'kg{]5 ..
jgh+un, jfn'jf, lu6L, df6f], hl8a'6L, gbL, tfn, ;8s nufotsf ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf]
;+/If0f, ;b'kof]u nufotsf sfdx? hg;/sf/sf] cwLgdf x'g]5 ;fy} To:tf ;Dkbfaf6
pTkflbt j:t'sf] ljqmLdf lglZrt s/x? nfUg]5 . Pg=hL=cf]=÷cfO{=Pg=hL=cf]=sf]
gfp+df eO/x]sf] ;fd|fHojfbL ljQLo 3';k}7 / cGt{Wj+zsf] cGTosf nflu hg;Qfsf]
IF]qflwsf/leq rnv]n ug{] To:tf ;+:yfx?nfO{ lgif]w ul/Psf]n] cglws[t k|j]z u/]df
cfjZos sfjf{xL ul/g]5 . af6f3f6f], k'nk'n];f, ;fgf l;+rfO{ cfof]hgf nufotsf
ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfdx? hg;xeflutfsf] cfwf/df hg;/sf/ dftxt ul/g]5 .
e"ldxLg hgtfnfO{ a;f]af;sf] nflu tTsfn lglZrt ktL{÷P]nfgL hUufdf 3/
agfO{ a:g] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .. dfWolds tx;Ddsf] lzIff lgz'Ns / clgjfo{ ug{
hf]8 lbOg]5 . JolQmut :t'lt hgfpg] /fli6«o ufg lgif]w ul/Psf] 5 .
lzIffnfO{ >d;"u hf]8]/ n}hfg' lzIfsx?sf] st{Jo x'g]5 . b]zdf
b'O{vfn] gful/s tof/ x'g] z}lIfs l:yltsf] cGTosf] nflu cfGbf]ng cl3 a9fOg]5 .
ljz]if ;fIf/tf cleofg ;+rfng u/L k|f}9 nufotsf] lg/If/tf pGd"ng ug{ oyf;Dej
hf]8 lbOg]5 . hg;flxTodf hf]8 lb+b} hggf6\o / hgl;g]df lgdf{0fnfO{
k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .. ;fdflhs ljs[lt / lj;+ultsf] ?kdf /x]sf] h'jftf;, dlb/f,
nfu" kbfy{, j]Zofj[lQ, ax'ljjfxdf k|ltaGw nufOPsf]n] b08gLo x'g]5 .
h;nfO{ cfGbf]ngsf] ?kdf cl3 a9fOg]5 . 5f]/LnfO{ k}lqs ;DklQdf 5f]/f;/x
;dfgclwsf/ lbg'kg{]5 .. ljjfxsf] nflu dlxnf / k'?ifsf] pd]/ qmdzM !* / @)
jif{ k'u]sf] x'g'kg{]5 . b'j} klt kTgLn] rfx]df / cg'/f]w u/]df ;DaGw
ljR5]b x'g;Sg]5 . PskIfn] dfq ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] lgj]bg u/]df cfjZos 5fgjLgkl5
:jLs[lt lbg] jf glbg] clwsf/ hgcbfntdf ;'/lIft /xg]5 . ;DaGw ljR5]bkl5
;femf ;DklQdf cfwf cfwf lx:;f sfod u/L aRrfsf] kfngkf]if0fdf @÷# afa'sf] / !÷#
cfdfsf] bfloTj /xg]5 . hg;/sf/sf] If]qflwsf/leq kg{] ;a}vfn] ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf]
x/lx;fa kf/bzL{ 9+un] hg;/sf/df lnlvt ?kdf a'emfpg' kg{]5, hg;Qfsf] k|ToIf
lgb{]zg, lgoGq0f, / gLlt cGtu{t ;a} z}lIfs, k|zf;lgs, ljQLo, ;fdflhs nufotsf cGo
;+:yf÷sfof{no ;+rfng x'g'kg{]5 . ;a} k|sf/sf :yfgLo
d'2f dfldnf hg;/sf/ cGtu{tsf] hgcbfntn] km};nf ug{]5, s;}dfly d'2f
rnfpgsf nflu hg;'/Iff ;ldltn] cfjZos ;j't k|df0f h'6fO{ cleof]u kq hgcbfntdf k]z
ug{]5 . d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ hgtfsf] v'nf Ohnf;df x'g]5 . >d s}bdf
/flvg] ck/fwLnfO{ ;'wf/]/ ;dfhdf lkmtf{ ug{] gLlt ckgfOg]5 .. gof"
hg;Qfn] hUuf vl/b laqmL ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfdx? l56f] 5l/tf] 9+un] lgodfg';f/
ug{]5 .
a'l4hLjL
;+u7gsf] lhNnf ;Dd]ng
sf7df8f}+÷ g]kfn /fli6«o a'l4hLjL ;+u7g, sf7df8f}+sf] rf}yf] lhNnf
;Dd]ng ;f]daf/ ;DkGg eof] . ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g ub}{ jl/i7 kqsf/ zlQm nD;fnn]
a'l4hLjLx? hgtfsf] rfxgfcg';f/ ;8s ;ª\3if{df plqg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
pxf"n] hgtfn] cfkm} ;+ljwfg agfpg] ljlw ;+ljwfg ;ef dfq} ePsf]n] jt{dfg ;ª\s6
;dfwfgsf] ljsNk oxL dfq ePsf] :ki6 kfg'{eof] . ;Dd]ngdf /fli6«o hgcfGbf]ng
;ldltsf ;+of]hs lrqaxfb'/ >]i7, dlxnf g]t[ zfGtf >]i7, g]/fa';+u7gsf
sfo{jfxs cWoIf k|tfk jGt, a'l4hLjLx? /fhg kf]v/]n, e/t kf]v/]n cflbn] z'esfdgf
dGtJo lbg'ePsf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngn] ! ;b:o kl5 yKg] u/L !$ ;b:oLo lhNnf
;ldltsf] rog u/]sf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLåf/f
;8s lgdf{0f
af/f÷af/f–/f}tx6
;+o'Qm lhNnfsf #) uf=lj=;=df :yfgLo hg;/sf/ gof" ;8s lgdf{0f cleofgdf
h'6]sf] ;dfrf/ 5 . lgdf{0f ePsf ;8snfO{ lhNnfsf !@ hgf zxLbsf gfdaf6
gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] dfcf]jfbL g]tf hldgn] hgfb]znfO{ atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
pxf"sf cg';f/ d'Vo ;8s @! lkm6, ;xfos ;8s !^ lkm6 / ufp" uNnLsf] ;8s *
b]lv !) lkm6 rf}8fO{;Dd lgdF{0f / lj:tf/ ul/b}5 .
sflnsf]6÷;+s6sfndf lu/ºtf/ u/L j]kQf kfl/Psf ljBfyL{ sfo{stf{sf]
;fj{hlgs ug{ clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]=;= v8\saxfb'/ ;]h'jfnn] Ps k|]; lj1lKt hf/L
ub{} eGg' ePsf] 5– …sflnsf]6 lhNnf ;b:o Pj+ ?K;f ufh; k|d'v bfgaxfb'/
;xsf/L, ;f]xL ufh;sf pkk|d'v cd/axfb'/ ;xsf/L / d]xnd'8L ufh;sf ljBfyL{ sfo{stf{
bn] ;fsL{sf] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs ug{ k'/fgf] ;Qf;+u dfu ub{5' .Ú
zflGt
k|lqmofdf PDg]i6Lsf] lrGtf
sf7df8f}+÷g]kfnsf] zflGt k|lqmofdf dfgjclwsf/nfO{ s]Gb|ljGb' agfpg'kg{]
s'/f cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yf PDg]i6L OG6/g]zgnsf Plzof k|zfGt If]qLo
sfo{qmd pklgb{]zs OlGu|8 d;fh]n] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .. pxf"n] pQm s'/f ut
cfOtaf/ /fhwfgLdf cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf atfpg' ePsf] xf] .
pklgb{]zs d;fh]n] xfdL zflGt k|lqmofdf dfgjclwsf/nfO{ hf]8 lbg'k5{ eGg
cfPsf 5f}+ eGg' eof] . pxf"n] ;f]xL cj;/df ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL b'j}
kIfn] cfkm"x?nfO{ e]63f6 ug{] ;do glbPsf]df zflGt k|lqmofdf dfgjclwsf/sf]
k|ZgnfO{ k"/} j]jf:tf ul/Psf] l6Kk0fL ug{'eof] . oBlk d;fh]n]
dfcf]jfbL kIf;"u 5nkmnsf nflu ;do dfUbf dfcf]jfbL g]tfx? Jo:t /x]sfn]
e]6\g] ;do gldn]sf] xf] eGg'ePsf] 5 .
o;} ljifodf lxhf] /flt g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ kf6L{sf jl/i7
kf]ln6Jo"/f] ;b:o Pj+ jftf{ 6f]nL ;b:o /fdaxfb'/ yfkf -jfbn_ n]
hgfb]z;"u eGg'eof]– xfdLn] ljljw 9+uaf6 dfgjclwsf/jfbL k|ltlglwx?;“u
e]l6/x]sf 5f}+, xfd|f] dfgjclwsf/k|ltsf] b[li6sf]0f k|:tfjdf g} k|ltj4tf ;fy
hfx]/ ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . xfdLn] e]6 kfPgf}+ eGg' unt xf] .Æ
PDg]i6Lsf] e|d0f bndf d;fh] / cg';Gwfg clws[t nLh /f]ha]n tyf PDg]i6L
aflx/sf b'O{ ljz]if1x? :s6xf]dl:yt cf]Nkm kfd OlGi6Ro"6sf dxf;lrj yf]d;
xfd]/ ju{ / xªsª ljZjljBfnosf k|f=ozkfn 3O{ /xg' ePsf] 5 . :d/0f/xf];\–
jt{dfg l:ylt lju|g glbg b'j} kIfnfO{ dfgjclwsf/ ;Demf}tf ug{ cfu|x ub{} d;fh]n]
Pn;fNef8f]/df zflGt ;Demf}tf gx'"bf zflGt k|lqmof ca?4 ePsf] pbfx/0f
lbg'eof] . ;f]xL cj;/df pxf"n] zflGt ;Demf}tf ePdf To;n] zflGt
k|lqmofsf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg ug{ ;lsg] wf/0ff ;d]t JoQm ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
pkTosfdf
;ft;o sdf08f] ‘Pn6{’
sf7df8f}+÷k'/fgf] ;Qf jftf{k|lt ;+j]bgzLn 5}g / ljb|f]xLx? lj?4
7"n7"nf if8\oGq ub}{5 eGg] s'/fsf /x:ox? lj:tf/} v'Ng yfn]sf 5g\ .
sf7df8f}+ pkTosf aflx/ ;b\efjgf, r]tgf, dgsfdgf h:tf s'Voft dgf]j}1flgs
;}lgs ck/]zg ;~rfng u/]sf] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;]gf pkTosfleq eg] s'g} eLif0f
if8\oGqd"ns 36gfsf] tof/L ug{ tNnLg /x]sf] ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
Ps ljZj:t ;}lgs ;dfrf/ >f]tsf cg';f/ sf7df8f}+sf] dxf/fhu~hl:yt
e}/jgfy u0fdf sl/a ;ft;o sdf08f] ;}lgsx?nfO{ …cfb]zÚ x'gf;fy kl/rflnt x'g
tDtof/ /flvPsf] 5 . e}/jgfy u0fdf k|foM o'jf sdf08f]x? dfq x'G5g\ / pgLx?
cf:yfsf aGbLx?nfO{ r/d oftgf lbg] ub{5g\ . sf7df8f}+sf ;}lgs lx/f;tx?df of]
u0f ;a}eGbf rsf{] oftgf lbg] u0f xf] . xfn of] u0fdf Ps dlxnf aGbL cj:yfdf
5g\ . t/ pgL sf] x'g\ hfgsf/L x'g ;s]g .
k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ e}/jgfy u0fdf sfo{/t cf7;o sdf08f] ;}lgs hjfgx?df
sl/a Ps ;onfO{ 7"nf cf]xbfsf ;}lgs clwsf/Lx?sf] ;]jfdf v6fOPsf] 5 eg]
af"sL ;ft;onfO{ eg] ;Defljt …Jof6nÚdf pqg Pn6{ -tDtof/_ cj:yfdf /flvPsf]
5 . ;}lgs ;dfrf/ ;|f]t eG5– …clxn] oL ;ft;o sdf08f] ;}lgs hjfgx? s'g}
klg a]nf eL8Gtdf hfg k"j{ tof/Ldf 5g\ .Ú pgLx?nfO{ cfjZos nlhli6sx? /
8«fOkm'8x?sf] pko'Qm Joj:yf ul/;lsPsf] 5 eg] k|To]s ;}lgs sdf08f]nfO{
a]lNhodsf] cTofw'lgs :jrflnt /fOkmn k|bfg ul/g'sf ;fy} klxnf] …ldzgÚsf nflu
k|To]s sdf08f]nfO{ ;ft;o uf]nLx? k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . ;dfrf/ >f]t eG5–
…8«fOkm'8 eg] Ps 5fssf nflu dfq tof/ 5 .Ú ;a} ;ft;o sdf08f]sf emf]nfx?
tof/ 5g\ .. pgLx?sf nflu h'g}a]nf klg sfo{:yndf k|:yfg ug{'kg{] ePsf]n]
clxn] ;'Tg], cf]5\ofgx? klg 5}gg\ . Pp6f em'n / tGgf dfq lbOPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L ;f]xL u0faf6 xfn k|ltxKtf @% hgf gful/s kf]zfssf ;}lgs hf;';x?
pkTosfsf 3gf cfjfthfjt x'g] Onfsfx?df dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xL lj?4 hf;';L ug{
v6fOPsf] 5 . ljz]ifu/L pgLx? dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nL sfof{no, /Tgkfs{,
gof+ j;kfs{ h:tf Onfsfdf vl6Psf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL g]tf, sfo{stf{x?
lrGg], pgLx?sf] kmf]6f] lng], lgjf;x? kQf nufpg] pgLx?sf] ljz]if lhDd]jf/L
tf]lsPsf] 5 . pgLx? cfz+sf nfu]sf JolQmx?nfO{ ynf]d} ;f]wk'5 klg ug{]
ub{5g\ . lgwf{l/t JolQmsf] ;Dk"0f{ hfgsf/L /fVg pgLx?n] Pp6f kmd{ klg
af]s]sf x'G5g\ . z+sf nfu]sf] JolQmnfO{ pgLx? Tof] kmd{ eg{ klg
nufp5g\ . ;fy} pgLx?;+u b'O{j6f cfw'lgs ;fgf cfsf/sf hf;';L
cfjfh /]s8{/x? klg 5g\ . Pp6f sDd/sf] k]6Ldf / csf{] 5ftLdf tL /]s8{x?
/flvPsf x'G5g\ . pgLx? cfjZos k/] cfjfhx? klg /]s8{ ug{] ub{5g\ . o;/L
;]gf / k'/fgf] ;QfkIfn] k"0f{?kdf jftf{ e+u ug{] lg0f{o ul/;s]sf] / hgbdgsf
nflu xtfl;Psf] k'li6 ePsf] 5 .
k'/fgf] ;Qfn] ljb|f]xLx? lj?4 if8\oGqx? ub{}5 eGg] s'/fsf cGo k|df0fx?df
b]zJofkL ?kdf Jofks r]lsª kf]i6 a9fPsf] 5 . pkTosf klZrdsf k|To]s ;}lgs
Jof/]s glhsaf6 ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfdf h:t} ofq'x? cf]/fn]/ Jofks hf"ra'em ug{
yflnPsf] 5 .. af+s]sf] lr;fkfgL, wflbªsf] uh'/L, lrtjgsf] /fdgu/,
bf]nvfsf] lh/L, rl/sf]6, tfdf3f6, eQmk'/ nufotsf :yfgdf s8f ;'/Iff hf“rx? z'?
ul/Psf 5g\ .
t/ tNnf] txsf w]/}h;f] l;kfxLx? eg] o; lg0f{oaf6 c;Gt'i6 aGg k'u]sf
5g\– pgLx?dWo] Ps l;kfxL eG5g\– æxfdLnfO{ cfºg} bfh'efO dfg{ / lbbLalxgL
anfTsf/ ug{ cfb]z lbOG5 . o:tf] s'sd{ s;/L ug{] < d}bfgdf dg{] a]nf t
xfdL g xf], 7"nfx?n] dg{'kg{] ePsf] eP kf] jftf{ ug{] lyP .Æ o;/L
;fwf/0f l;kfxLx?sf] 6fpsf]df lu/ v]n]/ 7"nf a8fn] o'4sf] xf"s
lbO/x]sf] c;Gt'li6 klg tnsf l;kfxLdf kfOPsf] 5 . h;n] ljb|f]x klg Nofpg ;S5
egL ;"q eG5 .
dhb"/x?n]
h'emf? cfGbf]ng ug{]
sf7df8f}+÷clvn g]kfn 6]«8 o'lgog dxf;+3sf] t];|f] /fli6«o e]nfn]
zflns/fd hds§]nsf] cWoIftfdf !( ;b:oLo s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] k'gu{7g u/]sf] 5 .
@@ lhNnfsf sl/a b'O{ ;o dhb"/ k|ltlglwx?sf] pQm e]nfsf] pb\3f6g ;+u7gsf
cWoIf s'df/ bfxfnn] ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
ut c;f/ !& ut] ;DkGg e]nfn] clvn g]kfn 6]«8 o'lgog dxf;+3sf cGo
kbflwsf/Ldf pkfWoIf zDe' kf}8]n / xL/fdl0f /f]Ssf, dxf;lrj s[i0f Kofs'/]n, ;lrj
u0f]z /]UdL / a'l4 kf08], sf]iffWoIf a'l4 nfdf / ;b:ox?df ab|Lk|;fb ahufO{,
zflGt/fd e§/fO{, hLjg kxf8L, lji0f' yfkf, cf]dk|sfz jfUn], e'daxfb'/ /]UdL,
8Da/ lj=s=, dLgk|;fb cfkfufO{, ;f]gfnfn zfx, uf]kfn b+ufn, rGb| c5fdL / pd]z cqL
/xg' ePsf] 5 .
dhb"/
g]tfx?sf] pQm e]nfn] ;/sf/åf/f a]kQf kfl/Psf dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? pd]z
;]9fO{, ljzfn nfdf, rdgnfn a/fn / ld;L lwdfn nufot ;Dk"0f{ gful/sx?nfO{
;fj{hlgs ug{ dfu ub{} dhb"/x?sf ;d:of xn ug{ h'emf? cfGbf]ng ug{] lg0f{o
u/]sf] 5 .
:d/0f/xf];\ clvn g]kfn 6]«8 o'lgog dxf;+3sf] pQm t];|f] e]nfn] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb / @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] ljZj qmflGtsf] j}rfl/s g]t[Tj ug{] lx;fan] ljsl;t k|r08kynfO{ dfu{lgb{]zs l;4fGt dfGg] / ;+u7gfTds lx;fan] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g]t[Tjdf ;+rflnt hgo'4df Psfsf/ x'"b} cufl8 a9\g], jt{dfg b]zsf] /fhgLlts cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] nflu g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] cufl8 ;f/]sf] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj / ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t aGg] gof" ;+ljwfgn] g} dhb"/x?sf] xs, lxtsf] Uof/]06L ug]{5 eGg] lgisif{;lxt jt{dfg jftf{ k|lqmofdf ePsf] ;/sf/L if8\oGqsf] e08fkmf]/ ub{} jftf{ ;kmn kfg{ Jofks hgbjfj l;h{gf ug{ ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngdf hf]8 lbg], /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf rn]sf hgd'lQm cfGbf]ngdf Psfsf/ x'g] gLlt /x]sf] ljwfg tyf /fhg}lts ;+u7gfTds k|ltj]bg kf; u/]sf] 5 .
bz
jfdsf tfhf lg0f{ox¿
sf7df8f}+÷g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_, g]=s=kf=-Pstf s]Gb| d;fn_, hgdf]rf{ /
;+o'Qm jfd df]rf{ nufotsf gof" ;+ljwfg kIfw/ bz jfdx?sf] j}7sn] gof+
;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf kIfw/ ;a} jfd tyf cGo bnx?sf] ;femf cfGbf]ng cufl8 a9fpg'kg{]
lgisif{ ;lxt ^ j6f dxTjk"0f{ j'"bfx?df ;xdlt hgfPsf 5g\ .
c;f/ @@ ut] ;+o'Qm jfddf]rf{ g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf cu|ufdL lgsf;sf lglDt
gof+ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf kIFw/ ljleGg jfdkGyL bnx?sf] ;+o'Qm j}7s a;L
k|ltudgnfO{ k/f:t ub{} cu|ufdL lgsf;df hfgsf nflu ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;jf{]Qd pkfoåf/f
gof" ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f ul/g'kg{] s'/fdf ;xdlt ePsf] 5 . j}7sdf b]zsf]
jt{dfg l:ylt b]zdf rln/x]sf] k|ltudglj/f]wL cfGbf]ng, ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL jftf{sf]
l:ylt / jfd bnx?n] v]Ng'kg{] ;+o'Qm e"ldsfsf af/]df 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] .
k|ltudgnfO{ k/f:t ug{ / d'n'snfO{ cu|ufdL lbzfdf n}hfg ;+o'Qm
cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;zQm, k|efjsf/L / kl/0ffdbfoL t'Nofpg k|ltudg lj/f]wL ;Dk"0f{
zlQmnfO{ Jofks ?kdf uf]naGb ul/g'kg{] tyf k|ltudg lj?4 ;+3if{/t kf"r bnn]
cfºgf] cfGbf]ngsf] sfo{qmdnfO{ cu|ufdL ;'wf/sf] sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf pGgt u/]sf]df
;sf/fTds ?kdf ln+b} a}7sn] …t/ gof" cu|ufdL ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f;lxtsf] 7f]; /
:ki6 k|:tfj ljgf jt{dfg /fhgLlts ;+s6sf] ;dfwfg gx'g] s'/fÚ cf}NofPsf] 5 .
;fy} j}7sn] zflGtjftf{ / zflGtk"0f{ ;8s cfGbf]ng Ps csf{sf kl/k"/s
x'g'k5{ eGg] s'/fdf ;xdlt hgfp"b} jftf{ ef"8\g] afx\o / cfGtl/s
if8\oGqk|lt uDeL/ rf;f] / lrGtf k|s6 u/L hgtfnfO{ o;sf] lj?4 ;hu x'g cfx\jfg
u/]sf] 5 .
k|ltudglj/f]wL cGo cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?;"u ;d]t tfnd]n ug{'kg{] lgisif{
;lxt a}7sn] cfk;df /x]sf cGo c;dembf/Lx?nfO{ x6fp"b} gof" ;+ljwfg
lgdf{0fsf] ;femf cu|ufdL ;xdltdf k'Ug j}7sn] cljnDa !! jfdsf] ;+o'Qm j}7s
af]nfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
a}7sdf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o /fdaxfb'/ yfkf,
g]=s=kf=-Pstf s]Gb|–d;fn_ sf df]xgljqmd l;+x, k|sfz, :jgfd nfdf, lrqaxfb'/
s]=;L=, g]=s=kf=-dfn]df_ sf ;Ltf/fd tfdfª, /fdaxfb'/ >]i7, hgdf]rf{sf clds
z]/rg, /fli6«o hgcfGbf]g ;ldltsf e/t 9'+ufgf, ;+o'Qm jfddf]rf{sf Clif s§]n,
hLtjL/ nfdf, hutaxfb'/ af]u6L, lji0f'axfb'/ dfgGw/, x]dGt lj=;L=, k|sfz clwsf/L,
gGbs'df/ k|;fO{, s'df/ a]njf;], wL/]Gb|ljqmd g]Djfª, Zofd >]i7, km0fLGb|
Gof}kfg], k|e'gf/fo0f rf}w/L / nf]sgf/fo0f ;'j]bLsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
sf7df08f}+÷ zfxL 3fif0ffkl5 k|ltudgsf] lj/f]w / cu|dgsf] kIfdf jsfnt
ul//x]sf ;+;bjfbL /fhgLlts bnx?n] s/Lj gf} dlxgfkl5 ;+;bjfbLbnx?nfO{ dfq dfGo
x'g] cu|udgsf c7f/ a'b] ;femf Ph]08f lgdf0f{ u/]sf 5g\ .
cu|udgsf tL c7f/ a'+bfleqsf s]xL a'+bfx? lgs} ;sf/fTds
x'+bfx'+b} klg ;f/tM Tof] 3f]if0ff oyfl:ylts} kIfdf b]lvPsf] 5 .
gof+ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f u/]/ d'n'snfO{ /fhgLlts lgsf; lbg'kg]{df k'/fg}
;+ljwfgsf] uf]nrSs/df tL /fhgLlts a'+bfx? km;]sf b]lvG5g\ .
?kdf c7f/ a'+b] ;femf Ph]08fnfO{ cfsif{s agfpg vf]lhP klg ;f/df k'gM
dlSsPsf] j}wflgstfdf]x ;+;bjfbL bnx?df b]lvG5 . ;+ljwfg ;efdfkm{t\
gof+ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ cfjfh d'n'sdf 3gLe"t eO/x] klg ;+;bjfbL
bnx? eg] k'/fg} ;+ljwfgnfO{ 6fn6'n / ;+zf]wgaf6} cu|udg x'g;Sg] ljZjf; ub{5g\ .
t/, jt{dfg /fhgLlts zlQm ;Gt'ng / w/ftnLo oyfy{sf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ ;+ljwfg
;+zf]wgaf6 cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf; lg:sg ca ;Dej 5}g . lsgls ;+ljwfg ;=zf]wg
ug{ ;Sg] k'/fgf] ;QfcGtu{tsf] ;+;b clxn] 5}g / gof+ ;+;b lgdf{0f x'g] s'g}
j:t'ut cfwf/ klg 5}g . /fhfsf] lgufxn] ;+;bjfbLx?n] k'/fgf] ;+;bnfO{
Ao'+tfpg] k|of; u/] klg Tof] Ao'+tfOPsf] ;+;bn] k'/fgf] ;+ljwfgsf]
d"n k|:tfjgfsf] k'gn]{vg jf gof+ ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f k'/fgf] ;+;bn] ug{
klg ;Sb}g .
d'n'sn] zt{ljxLg ;+ljwfg ;efsf] dfu ul//x]sf] a]nf ljz]if pkflw /fhf,
/fgL / pgsf h]7f 5f]/fn] kfpg] k"j{3f]lift zt{ /fVg' klg s'g} cu|udgsf]
Ph]08f x'g ;Sb}g . g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ n] ;~rfng u/]sf] ju{o'4sf qmddf
ufp+–ufp+af6 k'/fgf] :t'ltjfbL /fli6«o ufg aGb eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf
/fli6« ufg x6fpg'kg]{ a'+bf vf;} gof+ eg] xf]Og . ljut &
jif{ otf :jod\ ;+;bjfbLx? ;Qfdfx+'"bf pgLx?n] hah{:t lg/Gt/ ufpg vf]h]sf
/fli6«o ufg xfn ju{o'4sf] eLif0ftf+"u} aGb ePsf] 5 .
;+;bjfbL bnx?dWo] hgdf]rf{ g]kfn eg] ;+ljwfg ;efdfkm{t\ u0ftGqs} kIfdf 5 .
t/, klgp;n] ;femf ;xdlt vf]Hg ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgdf ;xdt eg] ePsf] 5 .
;+;bjfbLx?n] eGg] u/]sf] t];|f] k|ltlglw ;efsf] bf];|f] a}7sdf jQmfx?n] g]kfnaf6
/fh;+:yfnfO{ g} cGTo ug'{kg]{ rsf]{ cfjfh klg p7fPsf lyP t/ klg ;+;bjfbL
g]t[Tjx?sf] bjbjfn] Tof] cfjfh cu|udgsf ;femf Ph]08fdf eg] ;dfj]z x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
hgtfaf6} k|ToIf lgjf{lrt x'g] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ rf}yf] dof{bfqmddf /fVg] ck]Iff ug'{
pgLx?sf] bf;tfk"0f{ dgf]j[lQ g} xf] .
cu|udgsf ;femf Ph]08fdf g]kfnnfO{ lxGb'x?sf] dfq b]zsf ?kdf ca kl/eflift
ug{ gx'g], ;]gf ;/sf/cGtu{t x'g'kg]{, h:tf s]xL dxTjk"0f{
a+'bfx? klg 5g .
l9n} eP klg s]xL ;sf/fTds, cu|ufdL tyf a9L oyfl:yltjfbL Ph]08f;lxt
;+;bjfbLx? Pp6} w/ftndf eg] plePsf 5g\ .
aGbLx?åf/f
yk cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff
sf7df8f}+÷;/sf/n] aGbLx?;+u u/]sf s'g} klg ;Demf}tfx? xfn;Dd
sfof{Gjog gu/]kl5 s]Gb|Lo sf/fuf/df /x]sf cf:yfsf aGbLx?n] gof+ r/0fsf
cfGbf]ngx? 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ . sfo{qmd cg';f/ ;f]daf/b]lv aGbLx?n] u]6hfd
u/]sf 5g\ . u]6hfdnfO{ z'?df @ 306f, To;kl5 a9fp"b} nfg] / @^ ut];Dd
s'g} ;'g'jfO gePdf @$ ;} 306f u]6hfd ug{] aGbLx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . aGbLx?n]
l;bf /sd Hofb} Go"g ePsf]n] ?= !% af6 ?= %) a9fpg'kg{], k6sk6s ul/Psf
;Demf}tfx? sfof{Gjog ug{'kg{], ;Dk"0f{ j]kQf kfl/Psfx?sf] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs
ug{'kg{], cf:yfsf cfwf/df aGbL agfOPsfx?nfO{ l/xf ug{'kg{], uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng,
cGtl/d ;/sf/ tyf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg ul/g'kg{], bf];|f] r/0fsf] jftf{df ePsf
;xdlt sfof{Gjog ug{'kg{] nufotsf dfux? cfGbf]ngdf p7fPsf 5g\ . To:t} !^
ut]b]lv cfd/0f cg;gdf /xg'ePsf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ j}slNks kf]ln6Jo"/f]
;b:o /jLGb| >]i7sf] :jf:Yo l:ylt gfh's aGb} uPsf] 5 .. pxf"sf]
:jf:Yo l:yltaf/] hfgsf/L lng @) ut] dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nL ;b:o s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f,
s]Gb|Lo sf/fuf/df uO{ aGbLx?;"u e]63f6 ug{'ePsf] 5 . e]63f6sf] qmddf
s'/f ub{} g]tf >]i7n] cfkm"x?n] zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngsf] Go"gtd
?k ef]s x8tfnnfO{ lnbf klg dfux? k"/f ub{}g eg] ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{
zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngdf cfp eGg' a]t'ssf] s'/f ePsf] atfpg'eof] .
pxf"n] ;/sf/n] cfºgf dfux? k"/f geP;Dd cem s8f cfGbf]ng ul/g] klg
atfpg' eof] . aGbLx?n] ;/sf/L l;bf /sd ?= !% Hofb} Go"g ePsf]n]
To;nfO{ a9fpg'kg{] s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . To:t} eb|uf]n h]ndf emnskf0fL
ltjf/L nufotsf P3f/ aGbLx? / dlxnf h]ndf ;l/tf nfdf;lxt ^ hgf aGbLx?n] klg
cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8 a9fPsf 5g\ . To;}u/L csf{] k|fKt hfgsf/L cg';f/ gVv'
sf/fuf/ / ;b/vf]/ sf/fuf/df /x]sf aGbLx?n] klg cfGbf]ngsf] sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff ug{]
ePsf 5g\ .
a+fs]÷yf?jfg /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{ g]kfnn] oxL cfiff9 #)–#@ ;Dddf
k|yd /fli6«o ;Dd]ng ug{] ePsf] 5 .. g]kfnu~hdf ;DkGg x'g] pQm df]rf{n]
ljBdfg pTkL8g / zf]if0faf6 d'Qm x'g :jzf;g / cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ k|flKtsf] nflu
nl8/x]sf] bfjL ub{} df]rf{sf ;+of]hs cf/=;L= rf}w/L eGg'x'G5– …cfTdlg0f{osf]
clwsf/sf nflu yf?jfg d'lQm df]rf{ k|yd /fli6«o ;Dd]ngdf h'6]sf] 5 . xfd|f]
;Dd]ngdf dfcf]jfbL jftf{ 6f]nLsf jl/i7 ;b:oaf6 ljz]if ;Daf]wg x'g] ePsf] 5 .
df]rf{n] ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ug{ ljleGg ;ldltx? u7g u/L sfo{qmdx? ;d]t to u/]sf] 5 .
b"/;~rf/leq 6]08/ 3f]6fnf
sf7df8f}+÷g]kfn
b"/;+rf/ ;+:yfgn] @)^) ;fnsf] nflu s]jn g]6js{ lj:tf/ ug{sf] nflu rflxg]
cfjZos kL=eL=;L= 6S6 kfOk / ;f]sf] ;fdfgx? v/Lb ubf{ 7"nf] /sd 3f]6fnf ug{
Toxf“sf s]xL e|i6 sd{rf/Lx? tyf pTkfbsx?aLr ;f“7uf“7 ePsf] s'/f
/x:of]b\3f6g ePsf] 5 . ;+:yfgn] c08/ u|fp08 s]jn g]6js{ lj:tf/sf nflu vl/b
ug{] kL=eL=;L= 8S6 kfOksf] 6]08/ #) l8;]Da/ @))@ df lgsfn]sf] lyof] eg] !*
km]a|'c/L @))# df k|fljlws k|:tfj vf]n]/ !^ h'g @))# df cfly{s k|:tfj vf]n]sf]
lyof] .. pQm 6]08/df efu lng] g]kfnsf kL=eL=;L= kfOk pTkfbs pBf]ux? /
;+:yfgsf e|i6 sd{rf/Lx?sf] ldn]dtf]df pBf]ux?n] sf6{]lnª u/L ahf/d"No eGbf
cTolws dx+uf] d"Nodf 6]08/sf] b//]6 sf]6 u/]sf 5g\ . ;+:yfgn] clnslt
rgfvf] gx'g] xf] / cfºgf e|i6 sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ g;Sg] xf] eg] of]
6]08/df ;+:yfgn] s/f]8f}+sf] 3f6f Joxf]g{'kg{] ePsf] 5 .
:d/0f/xf];\
kL=eL=;L= kfOksf] d'Vo sRrf kbfy{ /]lhgsf] cGt/f{li6«o ahf/ d"No ;fljssf]
eGbf cTolws 36L eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;+:yfgn] sf6{]lnª d"Nodf kfOk vl/b ubf{
s/f]8f}+ 3f6f x'g hfG5 eg] Toxf“ xfnLd'xfnL ug{] e|i6 sd{rf/Lx?sf] dgf]jn emg
a9\g hfg]5 . sf6{]lnªdf ;xefuL d'Qm]Zj/ kfOk pBf]usf] k|fljlws k|:tfj g}
c;kmn ePkl5 efuj08fsf] /sd lghnfO{ glbg ;+:yfs} sd{rf/Laf6 k|of; ePsf] hfgsf/L
kfPkl5 sf6{]lnª ug{] ;d"xdf ljjfb a9\g uO{ u'6aGbL l;h{gf ePsf] 5 / o:tf
3f]6fnf–k|s/0f;DaGwL tYox? aflx/ cfpg yfn]sf] b"/;+rf/ ;"qn] atfPsf]
5 .
kLl8t ?kfn] Gofo kfOg\
afUn'ª\÷cfkm\g}
>Ldfg / ;;'''/faf6 kLl8t jGb} cfPsL jfUn'ª\sL Ps dlxnfnfO{ g]=s=kf=
-dfcf]jfbL_sf :yfgLo sfo{stf{n] Gofo lbnfPsf] ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . k|fKt
;dfrf/ cg';f/ afUn'ª\\ xl6of uf=lj=; jf8{ g+= & sL ?kf ;'j]bLnfO{ >Ldfg
6Ls/fd ;'j]bL / pgsf j'jfcfdfn] ljleGg nfnrf nufP/ 3/leq k:g glbg] dfq xf]O{g
vfgf ;d]t glbPsfn] kLl8t dlxnf dfcf]jfbL ;dIf Gofo dfUg cfPkl5 Gofo lbnfPsf] xf] .
ue{jtL cj:yfdf /x]sL kLl8t ?kfnfO{
ca 3/kl/jf/n] pkrf/ ul/lbg' kg]{ ljb]z k'u]sf >Ldfg l6sf/fdnfO{ af]nfO pko'Qm
:ofxfff/ ;';pf/ug'{ kg]{ nufotsf km};nfn] kLl8t ?kfn] rfk kfPsL l5g\ .
ldhf{ /l;bsL >LdtL cem} j]kQf