g]=s=kf
-dfcf]jfbL_sf] gjf} aflifsf]T;jdf !# hgj/L
@))%df hf/L u/LPsf] ckLn
cfb/0fLo hg;d'bfox? π
;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf] zf]if0f–pTkL8gaf6 g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{
d'Qm ul/ hgtfsf] gof+ g]kfn lgdf{0f ug]{ dxfg p4]Zosf ;fy kxn ul/Psf] hgo'4 cfh
kmfNu'0f ! ut] ( jif{ k'/f ul/ bz jif{df k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . ;j{k|yd, d o;
P]ltxfl;s lbgdf xfd|f] dxfg tyf uf}/jzfnL kf6L{ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{
-dfcf]jfbL_ sf tkm{af6 :jb]z / k|jfzdf /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ Gofo / :jtGqtfk|]dL
hg;d'bfo k|lt xflb{s awfO{ Pj+ z'esfdgf JoQm ug{ rfxfG5' . ufp+3/af6
k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfsf h/fx? sf6\b}
hgtfsf] dxfg hgo'4 cfh b'Zdgsf lj?4 /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] clGtd r/0faf6
u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . lxGb' ;fdGtL j|fxd0fjfbdf cfwfl/t k'/fgf] ;Qf4f/f zf]lift–kLl8t
hgtfsf ;a} ju{, hftL–hghftL, If]q / lnËsf hg;d'bfosf] gof+ hLjg k4tL / d'lQmsf]
em08fsf?kdf :yflkt aGg k'u]sf] of] dxfg hgo'4nfO{ ljhosf] jt{dfg prfO{;Dd
NofO{k'¥ofpg g]kfnL hgtfsf xhf/f}+ ;j{>]i7 5f]/f5f]/Lx?n] cfkm\gf] k|f0fsf]
cfx'tL lbPsf 5g\ . hgo'4sf] bzf}+ jflif{sf]T;jsf] o; P]ltxfl;s cj;/df d xfd|f]
l;+uf] kf6L{ k+lQm, ck/fho hgd'lQm ;]gf / b]zJoflk?kdf x's{b} u/]sf gof+
hg;Qfsf tkm{af6 tL tdfd dxfg / cd/ zxLbx?k|lt ;+u|fdL clejfbg 6s|ofpb}
efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{5' . ;fy;fy} tL dxfg ;k"tx?nfO{ hGd lbg]
cfdfafafx?k|lt pRr ;Ddfg / ;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5'
. b'Zdgsf] ;j{gf; / hgtfsf] k"0f{ljho gx'+bf;Dd hgo'4sf] em08fnfO{ s'g}
klg xfntdf em'Sg glbg] kf6L{sf] b[9 k|lt1f bf]xf]¥ofpg'klg o; cj;/df xfdL
cfkm\gf] st{Jo 7fGb5f}+ . ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 @!cf}+ ztflAbsf] Ps
clu|d df]rf{sf?kdf of] dxfg hgo'4nfO{ ;j{xf/f cGt/fli6\ojfbsf] pRr r]tgf /
efjgf;lxt ;xof]u / ;dy{g ug]{ qmflGtsf/L cGt/fi6\jfbL cfGbf]ng ljZjsf tdfd
sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf/L Pj+ d'lQmsfdL hg;d'bfok|lt dxfg g]kfnL hgtfsf tkm{af6
xflb{s cfef/ Pj+ clejfbg k|s6 ub{5' .
Jof/f g]kfnL cfdf a'jf, lbbL alxgL / bfh'efO{x?,
cfh xfd|f]
b]z Oltxf;s} ;jf{lws ;+j]bglzn / kL8fbfoL cj:yfaf6 cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . hgtfsf]
gof+ u0ftflGqs g]kfnn] hGdln+b} u/]sf] of] cjlw xfdL ;a}sf lgldQ ulx/f] k|zj
kL8fsf] cjlw xf] . Oltxf;sf] clgjfo{ lgodsf?kdf xfdLn] of] k|zj kL8fsf] ;fdgf
ul//x]sf 5f}+ . @))& ;fn jl/kl/af6 tfTsflng h+xflgof /f0ffzf;gsf]
lj/f]wsf?kdf cufl8 a9]sf] g]kfnL hgtfsf] k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf l;ldt
pknlAwx?nfO{ ;lhn} ckx/0f u/]/ ;}Go
zlQmsf e/df ;fdGtL tTjx?n] )!& ;fndf g]kfnL hgtfdfly /fhfsf] x's'dL zf;g
yf]k]/ . Tof] k+rfot?kL h+xfgLof zfxL zf;gsf] #) jif]{ n'6, e|i6frf/, tis/L,
xTof / cft+sn] b]znfO{ ljZjs} ul/a / levf/Lsf] :t/df lu/fof] . g]kfnL hgtfn]
Tof] k+rfot?kL ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGqsf lj?4 #) jif{;Ddg} cgj/t ;+3if{ ul/ )$^
;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngdfkm{t cfkm\gf]
;fdGtjfb / ;fd|Hojfb lj/f]wL cledt hfx]/ u/] . t/, ;f] cfGbf]ngdf xfjL
/x]sf] ;'wf/jfbL g]t[Tjsfsf/0f km]l/ Ps k6s g]kfnL hgtfsf] k|hftflGqs
cfs+IffnfO{ )& ;fndf h:t} ;fdGtL b/jf/;+usf] ;+emf}tf4f/f cw'/f]d} 5f]l8of]
.
Tof] l:yltdf
b]zsf] ;}Go zlQmdfly k/Dk/fu?kn] cfkm\gf] cljlwGg lgoGq0f sfod /fVg ;kmn /x]sf
;fdGtL b/jf/ / p;sf k[i7kf]ifsx?n] cg]s if8oGq ul/ csf]{ )!& ;fnsf] d~rg
ug]{ cfwf/ sfod /x]sf] tYo :jtM :ki6 lyof] . )& ;fnb]lv )$^ ;Dd ;'wf/jfbL
/fhg}lts bnx?n] k|bz{g u/]sf] ;+emf}tfjfbL sdhf]/L tyf ;}Go zlQmdly lgoGq0f
/fVg] ;fdGtL tTjx?sf] lg/+s'ztfjfbL rl/qsf] P]ltxfl;s n]vfhf]vf ubf{ ;]gf
gePsf] hgtf;++u cfkm\gf] eGg] s]xL x'b}g eGg] s6" ;TonfO{ ;lhn} a'em\g
;lsG5 . olx P]ltxfl;s s6" ;TonfO{ bx|f];+u kS8]/ g} g]kfnL hgtfsf] k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngnfO{ jf:tljs cy{df
k"0f{tf k|bfg ug]{ b[9 /fhg}lts OR5f zlQmsf ;fy @)%@ ;Fn kmfNu0f ! ut]
xfd|f] kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf dxfg hgo'4sf] kxn ul/Psf] xf] . ;of}+ jif{b]lvsf g]kfnL hgtfsf bldt efjgf, cfs+Iff /
cfjZostfnfO{ j}1flgs?kn] k|ltlglwTj
u/}s}sf/0f b]z leq / aflx/sf b'Zdgx?sf eofgs s"–k|rf/, if8oGq / bdgsf
afjh'b hgo'4 cfh ljzfn / cho zlQmsf?kdf ljsl;t ePsf] 5 . j:t'lgi7 /fhg}lts
ljZn]if0f ug]{ hf] s;}n] klg hgo'4sf] /fhg}lts 3f/fnfO{ lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf lj?4
;'wf/jfbL / ;+emf}tfjfbL /fhg}lts wf/fsf] ljsNksf?kdf cufl8 cfPsf] P]ltxfl;s
tYonfO{ ;lhn} b]Vg ;Sg] 5g\ .
Oltxf;sf s'g} klg dxfg qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngdf clgjfo{?kdf b]vf kg]{ sltko l;df / sdhf]/Laf6 g]kfnL hgo'4klg cjZo ckjfb 5}g . t/, o;sf pknlAwx?sf] kIf,, l;df / sdhf]/L;+u ct"ngLo?kdf clws / b'/ufdL dxTjsf 5g\ eGg] tYonfO{ ( jif{sf] hgo'4 cfkm}n] :ki6 u/]sf] 5 . xltof/ / ;}Go zlQmdfly ;fdGtL b/jf/sf] Psflwsf/nfO{ tf]8]/ hg;d'bfonfO{ ;z:q t"Nofpb}+ zlQmzfnL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] ljsf; ug'{ hgo'4sf] Ps o'ufGtsf/L pknlAw xf] . b]zsf] ;Dk"0f{ u|fld0f Onfsfaf6 ;fdGtjfbsf] :yfgLo cfwf/sf?kdf sfd ug]{ zf]ifs hfnL, km6fxfx?sf] x}sdnfO{ k'0f{?kn] Wj:t kfg'{ hgo'4sf ( jif{sf] csf]{ b'/ufdL pknlAw xf] . ;fdGtL lxGb' pRr hftLo cx+sf/jfbdf cfwfl/t k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] PsfTds ;+/rgfnfO{ w'nf] kfb}{ / ;a} pTkLl8t ju{, hftL, If]q / ln+usf hg;d'bfosf] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/nfO{ :yflkt ub}{ / hgjfbL cfwf/df sfod eO/x]sf k|fb]lzs :jfoQ u0ftflGqs ;/sf/sf k|f?kx?n] g]kfnL ljz]iftf;lxtsf] s]Gb|Lo ;+3fTds /fHo ;+/rgfsf] ljsf;nfO{ dfu{ k|z:t ub}{ gof+ /fli6\o Pstfsf] dha't hu a;fpg] sfddf hgo'4n] csf]{ o'ufGtsf/L pknlAw xflzn ul//x]sf] 5 . ;jf{lws dxTjk"0f{ s'/f hgo'4n] df=n]=df=sf] /Iff, k|of]u / ljsf; ub}{ / @!cf}+ ztflAbdf g]kfnL qmflGtsf] gof+ ljrf/ >+[vnf4f/f ;';lHht ub}{ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ cfkm\gf] efUo cfkm\g} xftdf lng] dxfg hgtfsf?kdf ljZjJoflk?kdf :yflkt u/fPsf] 5 . o;l/ g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] kl/ro csf{sf lglDt n8\g] ef8fsf l;kfxL hGdfpg] b]zsf] ;§f cfkm\g} lglDt n8\g] qmflGtsf/L jL/x?sf] b]zdf ablnPsf] 5 .
g]kfnL
;Ldfleq dfq geP/ k'/} e"–d08ns} ;fd|Hojfb / ;fdGtjfb lj/f]wL hg;d'bfonfO{
hgtfsf] gof+ ljZj Joj:yf lgdf{0f ug]{ zlQmzfnL ;Gb]z lbO /x]sf] sf/0fg} ljZjsf
;fd|HojfbL / lj:tf/jfbL zlQmx?;d]t hgo'4sf lj?4 cg]sf}+ if8oGq / x:tIf]ksf]
k|lqmofdf nfUb} cfPsf 5g\ . cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbb]lv ef/lto lj:tf/jfb;Ddsf]
cfly{s, /fhg}lts / ;}lgs ;xof]usf] andfdfq k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfsf] kmf}hL
clwgfosjfb cfh;Dd l6Sg ;s]sf] oyfy{ xfdL ;a}df :ki6 g} 5 . olb ;fd|fHojfb /
lj:tf/jfbsf] kmf}hL ;xof]u gkfPsf] eP ;fdGtL b/jf/sf] kmf}hL tfgfzfxL Oltxf;sf]
ljifo alg;s]sf] x'GYof] . kf+r jif{sf] hgo'4sf] ljsf;af6 cQflnPsf ;fdGtL
s§/k+yL / ;fd|fHojfbL–lj:tf/jfbLx?sf] uf]Ko if8oGq4f/f t"ngfTds?kn] pbf/ /
;fdGtL /fi6\jfbsf] kIfkf]if0f ug]{ /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] j+zgf; ul/Psf] tYo xfdL
s;}af6 l5k]sf] 5}g . tTkZrft\ ;'wf/jfbL ;+;bLo /fhg}lts bnx?nfO{ Pskl5 csf]{
ul/ lgof]lht?kn] abgfd ub}{ / kfvf nufpb} j}b]lzs ;}Go ;xof]usf] andf g]kfnL
hgtfsf] jf:tljs k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf lj?4 eLif0f xTof, bdg / cft+ssf]
>+[vnf rnfOof] . hgo'4sf] dfWodaf6 dxfg g]kfnL hgtfn] zfxL ;}lgs cft+ssf]
hah{:t k|lt/f]w a9f+pb} nu]kl5 ljutsf] s'Voft c;f]h !* x'+b} jftf{sf] gf6s /Rb}
clxn] df3 !( ut];Dd cfp+bf k'/fgf] ;Qfdf ;fdGtL k|ltudgsf] k|lqmofnfO{ 1fg]Gb|
zfxLsf] slyt 3f]if0ff dfkm{t k"0f{tf lbOPsf] 5 . /fhg}lts 36gfqmdn] :ki6
u/]sf] 5 ls df3 !( ut]sf] slyt zfxL 3f]if0ff # jif{ cufl8 h]i7 !( ut]sf]
s"Voft gf/fo0flx6L xTofsf08sf] lgof]lht lg/Gt/tfdf cfPsf] clgjfo{
kl/0ffddfq xf] .
oxf+ of]
s'/f ljz]if?kn] :d/0f of]Uo 5 ls xfd|f] kf6L{n] b/jf/ xTofsf08sf] /fhg}lts
ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df cfhsf] of] kl/0ffdnfO{ plQv]/} /fd|f];+u b]v]sf] lyof] .
k'/fgf] ;Qfdf of] kl/0ffdsf] cfs+ng u/]/g} xfdLn] b]zsf ;a} ;+;bjfbL/fhg}lts
bnx?;+u ;+ljwfg;ef / u0ftGqsf lgldQ Jofks df]rf{aGbLsf nflu clkn u/]sf lyof}+ .
ljutsf] ax'rlr{t l;lnu'9L a}7s Tof] lbzfdf xfd|f] tkm{af6 ul/Psf] 7f]; kxnsbdL
lyof] . t/,tfTsflns / If]l0fs ;Qf :jfy{df r'n'{Dd 8'a]sf ;'wf/jfbL k|d'v ;+;bLo
/fhg}lts bnx?n] xfd|f] clkn / kxnsbdLsf] b'/ufdL /fhg}lts dxTjnfO{ a'em\g}
;s]gg\ . k|ToIf jf k/f]If?kdf cfkm\gf] Ifl0fs :jfy{sf lgldQ ;fdGtL b/jf/sf]
k|ltufdL p4]Zodf ;xfos aGg] k|ltZkwf{df g} ;+;bLo /fhg}lts bnx?sf] ;do laTof] .
cGttM df3 !( sf] slyt zfxL 3f]if0ffn] g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf ;'wf/jfbsf
cf}lrTolxgtfnfO{ Ps k6s k"gM k|dfl0ftdfq u/]sf] 5}g ckLt" ;+;bjfbL
/fhg}lts bnx?sf] ;fd"lxs lgb|fnfO{klg e+u ul/ lbPsf] 5 .
ablnPsf]
/fhg}lts kl/l:yltdf xfd|f] kf6L{ Oltxf;sf s6" cg'ejaf6 lzIff lnP/ ;fdGtL
lg/+s'ztGqsf lj?4 Pstfa4 cfGbf]ngsf lgldQ ;Dk"0f{ ;+;bjfbL /fhg}lts
bnx?;+u k"gMhf]8bf/ ckLn ub{5 . ;+ljwfg;ef / ax'blno nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf]
Go"gtd ;femf p4]Zodf ;a};+u xft]dfnf] u/]/ cufl8 a9\g xfd|f] kf6L{ tof/
/x]sf] tYo klg o;} clkn dfkm{t xfdL k'gM :ki6 ug{ rfxfG5f}+ . Oltxf;sf] of]
;+lug df]8df cfjZos kxn lng l9nf u/]df xfdL s;}nfO{klg Oltxf;n] dflkm lbg] 5}g
. k|hftGqnfO{ k"0f{tf lbO g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] /Iff ug]{ of] P]ltxfl;s cj;/df
cf–cfkm\gf] 7fp+af6 cfjZos kxnsbdL lng xfd|f] kf6L{ b]zsf cGo ;Dk"0f{
hg–kIfLo zlQmx?;+u xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5 .
)$^ ;fnsf]
P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf pknlAwx?sf] /Iff ub}{ / To;df 6]s]/ k|hftGqsf]
k"0f{tfsf lgldQ lg;t{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfu ub}{ tyf To;sf lgldQ k'/fgf ;Qfsf
gfOs]x?;+u jftf{ ug{ tof/ /x]sf] s'/f ljutdf xfd|f] kf6L{n] ub}{ cfPsf] tYo
;j{ljlbt} 5 . t/, clxn] 1fg]Gb|zfxLn] )$^ ;fnsf ;Dk"0f{ pknlAwx?sf] xTof
u/]/ b]z / hgtfnfO{ lg/+s'ztfsf] cyfx cGwsf/df ws]Ng] b'Zzfx; u/]kl5 tTsfn p
;+u jftf{sf] ;+efjgf / cf}lrTo ;dfKt ePsf] 5 .
o;sf ;fy}
@!cf}+ ztflAbdf;d]t hgtfdfly dWoo'lug ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGq yf]kg{ b'Zzfx; ug]{
g]kfnsf] k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;QfnfO{;a} k|sf/sf ;xof]u aGb ul/ g]kfnL hgtfsf]
k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg xfd|f] kf6L{ ;+o'Qm /fi6\ ;+3nufotsf
cGt/fli6\o ;d'bfo;+u ljz]if cg'/f]w ub{5 . b]zsf] ;Dk"0f{ u|fdL0f Onfsfdf
hgtfsf] g]t[Tj ;+efln/x]sf] zlQmsf x}lzotn] xfd|f] kf6L{ ljZjsf tdfd
bft[;+:yfx?;+u k'/fgf] lg+/s'z ;fdGtL ;Qf;+u ;DaGw ljR5]b ul/ gof+ hg;Qf;+u
;DaGw sfod ug{ tyf hgtfsf] ;]jfdf ;xof]u ug{ ckLn ub{5 . k|hftflGqs
d"No–dfGotfdf k|lta4 /lx To;k|sf/sf b]z / ;+3–;+:yfnfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug{
xfd|f] kf6L{ tof/ /x]sf] s'/fklg o;} ckLndfkm{t :ki6 ug{ rfxfG5f}+ .
Gofok|]dL
hg;d'bfox? of] )!& ;fn xf]Og, ^! ;fn xf] . g]kfnsf glb gfnfx?df w]/}kfgLdfq
au]sf] 5}g, a? @!cf}+ ztflAbdf gof+ k|hftflGqs g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fsf lgldQ xhf/f}+
g]kfnL ;k"tx?sf] /utklg alu;s]sf] 5 . zlxbx?sf] Tolx /utsf] d"Nodf
hgtfsf] zlQmzfnL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 . 1fg]Gb| zfxLsf] jt{dfg
lg/+s'zsbd ;fdGtjfbsf] ljhosf] xf]Og, k/fhosf] clGtd 56kl6dfq xf] . gof+
u0ftflGqs g]kfnsf] hGdnfO{ ca s;}n] /f]Sg ;Sg] 5}g .
;fdGtL
lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf lj?4 of] clGtd o'4 xf] . hlt;'s} sl7g r"gf}tLk"0f{
ePklg of] clGtd o'4df hgtfsf] ljho ;'lglZrt 5 . cfpg'xf];\, xfdL ;a} Ps l9Ssf
eP/ g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] b'b{zf sf] k|d'v sf/s ;fdGtjfbnfO{ ;bfsf] lgldQ ldNsfpg
clu a9f}+ . b'Zdgsf s"–k|rf/ / wDsLnfO{ Roftr't kfb}{ gof+ k|hftflGqs /
k|ultlzn g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f ul/ efjL ;GttLsf lgldQ pHhjn eljio ;'lglZrt ug{ cl3
a9f}+ .
dxfg g]kfnL hgtf cd/ /x'g\ .
hgtfsf] gof+ u0ftflGqs g]kfn lhGbfjfb .
wGojfb .
nfn ;nfd