k|r08kysf tLg ;+36s c+ux?
ls/0f
!
k|r08ky
g]kfnL ;dfhdf dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] l;h{gfTds k|of]u / hgo'4sf]
ljlzi6tf tyf eJotfsf aLraf6 hlGdPsf] df}lns ljrf/ xf] . xfd|f] uf}/jzfnL
kf6L{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] @)%& ;fn df3–kmfNu'0fdf ;DkGg P]ltxfl;s
bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngdf k|r08kynfO{ ;fd"lxs g]t[Tjsf] s]Gb|Ls[t
cleJolQmsf ?kdf ljsl;t ljrf/>[v+nf dfg]sf] 5 . j}rfl/s ;+Zn]if0fsf ?kdf
ljsl;t k|r08ky cGt/f{li6«o cGtj{:t' / /fli6«o cleJolQm, ;fj{ef}ldstf /
ljlzi6tf, ;Dk"0f{ / c+z, ;fdfGo / ljz]ifsf aLrsf] åGbfTds PsTjdf cfwfl/t
5 . o;n] g]kfnL ;j{xf/f ju{ / hg;d'bfosf ;fy} ljZj;j{xf/f ju{sf] ;]jf
ub{5 . k|r08kysf] ljsf; l;¨f] g]kfnL qmflGt, g]=s=kf=
-dfcf]jfbL_åf/f ;~rflnt dxfg\ hgo'4 / ljZj ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf cg'ejx?sf] j}rfl/s
;+Zn]if0fsf] k|lqmofdf ePsf] xf] . k|r08kysf ?kdf j}rfl/s ;+Zn]if0f
ul/Psf] clxn] 7Ls tLg jif{ k"/f e};s]sf]
5 . of] tLg jif{sf] cjlwdf dxfg\ hgo'4 / ljZj qmflGtsf cg'ejx?sf]
yk ;+Zn]if0fsf aLraf6 k|r08kyn] cfÏgf] ljsf;sf] csf]{ p“rfO xfl;n ub}{ u}/x]sf]
5 .
dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf
tLg ;+36s c¨ 5g\, tL x'g\– bz{g, /fhgLlts cy{zf:q / j}1flgs ;dfhjfb .
dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] ;d[4 / ljsl;t ?k x'g'sf] sf/0f k|r08ky klg o;
k|sf/sf tLg ;+36s c¨sf] cljefHo PsTjsf ?kdf lgld{t ePsf] 5 . oxf“
k|r08kysf tLg ;+36s c¨x?af/] ;+lIfKtdf k|sfz kfg]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .
@
dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb
/ k|r08kysf] bz{g åGbfTds tyf P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb xf] . sd/]8 k|r08n]
åGbfTds tyf P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbnfO{ ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ljZjb[li6sf]0f / ;+3if{sf]
bz{gsf] ?kdf u|x0f ub}{ To;nfO{ ;d[4 / ljsl;t t'Nofpg' ePsf] 5
k|r08ky
x/]s k|sf/sf cfbz{jfbsf lj?4 j}1flgs ef}ltsjfbsf] kIfdf 5 . o;n] ljrf/af6
ljrf/df hfg] cfbz{jfbsf] lj/f]w ub}{ j:t'af6 ljrf/df hfg] cyf{t kbfy{af6
r]tgfdf hfg] s'/fsf] kIfkf]if0f ub{5 . o;n] kbfy{nfO{ klxnf] / r]tgfnfO{
bf];|f] :yfgdf /fVb5 . k|r08ky oflGqs ef}ltsjfbsf] klg lj/f]wL /x]sf]
5 . o;n] cGttM kbfy{ jf j:t'kIfnfO{ k|fylds dfg]/ klg s'g} vf; cj:yfdf
r]tgf jf cfTdut kIfsf] e"ldsf k|wfg x'g] s'/fnfO{ c+¨Lsf/ ub{5 .
k|r08kysf] 1fgl;4fGt åGbfTds ef}ltsjfbL /x]sf] 5 . o;n] Jojxf/af6 l;4fGt /
l;4fGtaf6 Jojxf/df hfg] s'/fsf] kIfkf]if0f ub{5 .
k|r08ky
;a} vfn] clwe"tjfbsf lj?4 ef}ltsjfbL åGbjfbsf] kIfdf 5 . o;n] x/]s
j:t' / 36gfnfO{ lg/Gt/ ult / kl/jt{gsf] k|lqmofsf ?kdf x]b{5 . o;n] x/]s
j:t', 36gf / k|lqmofsf] ljsf;sf] k|d'v sf/ssf] ?kdf cfGtl/s sf/0fnfO{ dfGb5 .
k|r08kysf] åGb Pssf] b'O{df ljefhgsf] dfGotfdf cfwfl/t 5 .
dfS;{jfbL
dfGotf cg';f/ åGbjfbsf] ;f/ cfnf]rgfTds / qmflGtsf/L /x]sf] 5 . ef}ltsjfbL
åGbjfbsf] ljz]iftf b'lgof“ a'‰g' dfq g e} d'VotM b'lgof“nfO{ abNg' xf] .
k|r08kyn] dfS;{jfbL åGbjfbsf] of] dfGotfnfO{ /fd|f];“u cfTd;ft\ u/]sf] 5 .
n]lggn] ljk/Ltx?sf] PsTjnfO{ åGbjfbsf] u'bL / dfcf]n] ljk/Ltx?sf] PsTjsf]
lgodnfO{ åGbjfbsf] cfwf/e"t lgod atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . s=k|r08n]
åGbjfb af/]sf]] o; k|sf/sf] dfn]dfjfbL dfGotfnfO{ b[9tfk"j{s cjnDjg ub}{ cfpg'
ePsf] 5 .
k|r08kyn]
ljZj / g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf ljleGg k|sf/sf ;+zf]wgjfbL tyf ;'wf/jfbLx?n]
cufNb} cfPsf e+8'jf ljsf;jfb, ;f/;+u|xjfb, Psdgfjfb / ax'njfbsf] ;zQm lj/f]w
ug'{ ePsf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df pxf“n] s= :tflngdf ljBdfg clwe"tjfbL
sdhf]/Lsf ;fy} To;nfO{ cfwf/ dfGg] h8;"qLo ;+zf]wgjfbL xf]Shfdf kfOg]
PsdgfjfbL / o"/f]sDo'lgHd ;lxtsf ;+zf]wgjfbLx?df ljBdfg ax'njfbL lrGtgsf
lj?4 ef}ltsjfbL åGbjfbsf] cfwf/e"t lgod cyf{t ljk/Ltx?sf] PsTjsf] lgodnfO{
ljsl;t / ;d[4 t'Nofpg' ePsf] 5 . s= k|r08n] e8'jf ljsf;jfb /
:jM:k"mt{tfjfbsf lj?4 ljsf; / kl/jt{gaf/] u'0ffTds 5nf¨, qmde+u, dxfljklQ
/ ;r]tg wSsfsf] dfGotfnfO{ gof“ p“rfO k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] 5 .
åGbfTds
ef}ltsjfbL ljZjb[li6sf]0f cg';f/ g]kfn, cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng / ljZj
;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] P]ltxfl;s cWoog / ;+Zn]if0f ug]{ sfddf s=k|r08n] ljz]if hf]8
lb+b} cfpg' ePsf] 5 . dfgj ;dfhnfO{ a'‰g] / abNg] clek|fon] ;fdflhs hLjgdf
åGbfTds ef}ltsjfbsf] k|of]u ug'{ k|r08kysf] d"n ljz]iftf /lxcfPsf]
5 .
sd/]8
k|r08n] hg;d'bfonfO{ Oltxf;sf] lgdf{tf eGb} cfpg' ePsf] 5 . jxf“n] pTkfbs
zlQm / pTkfbg ;+DaGw, cfwf/ / pkl/ ;+/rgf tyf b'O{ ljk/Lt ju{x? aLrsf
cGt/lj/f]wx?nfO{ Oltxf;sf] rfns zlQmsf ?kdf u|x0f ug'{ ePsf] 5 / Oltxf;sf]
ljsf;sf] k|lqmofdf cu|ufdL ju{åf/f k|ltufdL ju{sf lj?4 qmflGtsf ?kdf k|of]u ul/g]
;r]tg wSsf / ank|of]usf] e"ldsfnfO{ ljz]if dxTj lbg' ePsf] 5 . o;
;Gbe{df pxf“n] Oltxf;sf] ljsf; s;}sf] dgf]ut OR5f jf r]tgfåf/f g e} pTkfbs zlQm
/ pTkfbg ;Daw aLrsf] cGtlj{/f]wsf] j:t'ut ljsf; k|lqmofdf lge{/ x'g] s'/fnfO{
cToGt} uxg / ;zQm ?kdf k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] 5 . ;dfhsf] ljsf;af/] jxf“sf]
b[li6sf]0f P]ltxfl;s cfbz{jfbsf lj?4 P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbdf cfwfl/t /x]sf]
5 .
g]kfnL
;dfhsf] P]ltxfl;s ljsf; k|lqmofsf] cWoog ug]{ ;Gbe{df s= k|r08n] g]kfnL ;dfh
dft[ tyf lkt[;QfTds sljnfO cj:yfaf6 ljleGg hflt tyf hghfltx?sf] cGt{3'ng /
;–;fgf ;fdGtL /fHo;Qfsf aLr rNg] cGts{nxsf] nfdf] k|lqmof kf/ ub}{ s]Gb|Ls[t
;fdGtL /fHo;Qfdf ljsl;t x'“b}cfPsf] s'/f atfpg' ePsf] 5 . pxf“n] of] k|lqmofdf g]kfnL hgtfn] pTkfbgsf lglDt
;3if{ / ju{;+3if{sf aLrdf cToGt} h'emf? e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{ cfPsf], lj|l6z
;fd|fHojfb;“usf] n8fOdf Tofu, jL/tf tyf zf}o{sf cb\e"t sLlt{dfg sfod
u/]sf] / ;'uf}nL ;lGw otf g]kfn qmdzM cw{cf}klgj]lzs tyf cw{;fdGtL aGg uPsf]
s'/f /fd|f];“u pb\3fl6t ug'{ ePsf] 5 .
o;sf
;fy}, sd/]8 k|r08n] dfn]dfjfb, g]kfnL qmflGt / cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf]
Oltxf;sf] dgf]of]uk"0f{ cWoog u/L Toxf“ ljBdfg qmflGt / k|ltqmflGtnfO{
/fd|f];“u 7Dofpg] / ltgLaf6 cfjZos lzIff lnb} cufl8 a9\g] af/] ljz]if hf]8lb+b}
cfpg' ePsf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df :tflngsfnLg ?;L ;dfh / dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts
qmflGtsfnLg lrgL ;dfhsf] cWoog, Toxf“sf ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds cg'ejx?sf] klxrfg
/ ltgLx?af6 lng' kg]{ lzIff ljz]if pNn]vgLo /x]sf 5g\ . o; cltl/Qm s=
k|r08n] ?;, rLg nufotsf ;dfhjfbL d'n'sx?df ePsf k|ltqmflGt / zLto'4 kZrft\
pTkfbg zlQmdf ePsf] ck"j{ ljsf;, cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbåf/f k]z ul/Psf] slyt
Oltxf;sf] cGt / Ps w|'|jLo ljZjJoj:yf
cflb af/] klg uxg cWoog u/L ;fd|fHojfbsf yk ljlzi6tfx?nfO{ /fd|f];“u phfu/ ug'{
ePsf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df s=k|r08åf/f ;fd|fHojfbsf] cGt / ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf]
ljhosf] ;'lglZrttfsf lglDt j:t'ut cfwf/ tof/ aGb} uPsf] egL ul/Psf] ljZn]if0f
dggof]Uo 5 .
P]ltxfl;s
ef}ltsjfbsf] If]qdf ul/Psf] of] cWoog qmflGtsf k|]/s zlQmx?sf] d"Nof+sg,
qmflGtsf] sfo{lbzfsf] lgwf{/0f / k|ltufdL ju{sf lj?4 cu|ufdL ju{sf] ljhosf]
;'lglZrttf;“u ;+alGwt /x]sf] 5 . ju{;+3if{ / b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{sf
;d:ofx?nfO{ 7Ls;“u a'‰g] / ltgsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ sfo{df k|r08kysf] bz{g zfnLg
/x]sf] 5 . of] j:t'ut / cfTdut kIf, ;du| / c+z, dfqf / u'0f, cGtj{:t' /
?k, l;4fGt / Jojxf/ aLrsf] åGbfTds PsTjdf cfwfl/t 5 .
#
dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf
cg';f/ /fhgLlts cy{zf:q eg]sf] pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg xf] / k|r08kyn]
of] lj1fgnfO{ klg ;d[4 Pj+ ljsl;t t'Nofp“b} cfPsf] 5 .
k|r08kyn]
åGbfTds tyf P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL ljZj–b[li6sf]0fsf cfwf/df g]kfnL ;dfhsf]
pTkfbg zlQm / pTkfbg ;DaGw tyf cfwf/ / pkl/;+/rgf aLrsf cGtlj{/f]wx?sf] cWoog,
cw{;fdGtL tyf cw{cf}klgj]lzs g]kfndf gf]s/zfxL k"“hLjfbsf ljlzi6tfx?sf]
pb\3f6g / g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ju{ ljZn]if0f ug]{ sfdnfO{ k|efjsf/L 9+un] cufl8
a9fp“b} cfPsf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df To;n] ;fdGtjfbsf] k|ltlglw /lxcfPsf]
/fhtGqsf] bnfnLs/0f ePsf] s'/fnfO{ /fd|f];“u phfu/ u/]sf] 5 . o;sf ;fy}
To;n] cfwf/ Onfsfx?df gof“ ;Qf ;+rfngsf] k|lqmofdf g]kfnL gof“ hgjfbL cy{tGqsf
ljlzi6tfx?sf] pb\3f6g ug]{ k|lqmofnfO{ /fd|f];“u cufl8 a9fp“b} cfPsf] 5 .
tbg';f/ o;n] g]kfnL qmflGt s[lif qmflGt ePsf]n] o;sf] d]?b08sf ?kdf ;fdGtjfbsf
lj?4 hldg hf]Tg]sf] gf/fdf s]lGb|t /xL qmflGtsf/L e"ld;'wf/ nfu' ug]{ /
;fd|fHojfbL x:tIf]ksf lj?4 :jtGq tyf cfTdlge{/ /fli6«o cy{tGqsf] lgdf{0f tyf
ljsf; ug]{ s'/fdf ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .
s=
k|r08n] dfn]dfjfbsf] cWoogsf cfwf/df ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng d'VotM ?; / rLgsf
ljutsf ;dfhjfbL cy{tGqsf ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds kIfsf] d"Nof+sg u/L
;dfhjfbsf] /fhgLlts cy{zf:qnfO{ ;d[4 / ljsl;t t'Nofpg' ePsf] 5 . o;
;Gbe{df ef}lts pTk|]/0ffsf] lj/f]w / ;fDojfbk|ltsf] lgi7f, slyt pTkfbg zlQmsf]
l;4fGtsf] lj/f]w / pTkfbg ;DaGwdf qmflGtsf] kIfkf]if0f, /fhgLltsf] sdf08df
cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ljsf;sf] cfjZostf h:tf k|:yfkgfx? ljz]if pNn]vgLo /x]sf
5g\ .
o;
cltl/Qm s= k|r08n] ljB'tLo ;"rgf k|ljlwdf ePsf] ljsf;sf] b'?kof]u ub}{
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbåf/f cl3 a9fOPsf] slyt Ps w|'jLo ljZjJoj:yf /
e"d08nLs/0faf/] uxg cWoog u/L To;af6 ;fd|fHojfbn] kmfObf p7fp“b} cfPsf]]
eP klg ljB'tLo ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ck"j{ ljsf; j:t'tM pTkfbg zlQmdf ePsf]
cbe"t ljsf; g} x'g uPsf] tyf To;n] ;fDojfbsf] :yfkgfsf lglDt ef}lts
k"j{wf/ tof/ kf/]sf] / ;fd|fHojfbsf] cGt ;lGgs6 aGb} hfg yfn]sf] lgisif{
lgsfNg' ePsf] 5 .
?;, rLg
nufotsf b]zx?sf] ;dfhjfbL cy{tGq / ;fd|fHojfbL cy{tGqaf/]sf] cWoogaf6 ;d]t s]
s'/f :ki6 x'G5 eg] /fhgLlts cy{zf:qsf] If]qdf klg k|r08kysf] yk ljsf; x'“b}
u}/x]sf] 5 .
$
j}1flgs
;dfhjfb cGtu{t cWoog ul/g] d"n ljifo x'g\ –kf6L{, ;]gf, /fHo;Qf, qmflGt,
ju{;+3if{ / b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{sf l;4fGt, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt . k|r08kyn] oL
ljifodf dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbnfO{ ;d[4 / ljsl;t t'Nofpg] sfddf ;jf{lws
;kmntf k|fKt u/]sf] 5 .
s=
k|r08åf/f bz{g / /fhgLlts cy{zf:qsf] If]qdf ul/Psf] uxg cWoog / ljsf;sf]
kl/0ffd :j?k j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf] If]qdf lgs} zfgbf/ pknlAwx? xfl;n ul/Psf
5g\ .
j}1flgs
;dfhjfbsf] If]qdf s=k|r08åf/f g]kfnL qmflGtsf sfo{gLlts l;4fGtx?sf] >[v+nf
ljsl;t ul/Psf] 5 . of] >[v+nf /fhgLlts / kmf}hL cfqmd0f, :yfgLo /
s]Gb|Lo x:tIf]k, hgo'4 / hgcfGbf]ng, d'Vo zlQm / ;xfos zlQm, d'Vo Onfsf / ;xfos
Onfsf, s]Gb|Ls/0f / ljs]Gb|Ls/0f, :jtGq kxn / sfo{ut Pstf, jftf{ tyf tfnd]n,
:yfgLo ;+o'Qm df]rf{ / s]Gb|Lo ;+o'Qm df]rf{, b]zleq / b]zaflx/sf sfd,
ju{;+3if{ / b'O{nfOg ;+3if{sf] ;Gt'ng cyf{t åGbfTds PsTjdf cfwfl/t /x]sf]
5 . oL l;4fGtx? ljrf/, gLlt, sfo{qmd / of]hgf;“u ;DalGwt 5g\ . logn]
/0fgLltdf b[9tf / sfo{gLltdf nrstfsf] ;+jxg ub{5g\ . oL ljrf/wf/fTds,
/fhgLlts, ;f“u7lgs / kmf}hL sfo{lbzfdf cfwfl/t /x]sf 5g\ .
k|r08kyn]
;j{xf/f cfGbf]ng / hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] åGbfTds PsTj ;DaGwL n]lggjfbL
dfGotfnfO{ b[9tfk"j{s canDag u/L Psflt/ ;fdGtL s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qfsf] :yfkgf
b]lv ;Rrf /fli6«otfsf] ljsf;sf lglDt cj/f]w v8f x'“b} cfPsf]df To;sf lj?4 gof“
cfwf/df g]kfnL /fli6«o PstfnfO{ ;+ul7t ug]{ / csf]{lt/ To;nfO{ ;j{xf/f
cGt/f{li6«otfjfb;“u hf]8\g] qmflGtsf/L k|:yfkgf k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . o;n]
ljleGg hflt, hghflt / If]qsf g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ efjgfTds ;d]t PsLs[t t'NofO{
pgLx?nfO{ jf:tljs d'lQm k|bfg ug]{ / ju{b'Zdgsf lj?4 Psl9Ssf eP/ n8\g] sfddf
dxTjk"0f{ j}rfl/s phf{ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ljB'tLo ;"rgf k|ljlwsf]
ck"j{ ljsf; / e"d0nLs/0fsf] k|lqmof tLj| ?kdf cufl8 a9]sf] jt{dfg
ljZjkl/l:yltdf s=k|r08n] bL3{sfnLg hgo'4 / cfd ;z:q ljb|f]xsf /0fgLltx?sf aLr
;dfof]hg clgjfo{ x'g] dfGotf k|:t't ug{'ePsf] 5 . dfn]dfjfbL ;}Golj1fgsf]
If]qdf of] Ps gjLgtd cfljisf/ xf] .
jt{dfg
;fd|fHojfb / ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] ljlzi6 o'usf ;fd|fHojfb / ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf ljlzi6tfx?sf] cWoogsf cfwf/df s= k|r08n]
;fd|fHojfbsf] j}slNks w|'jsf ?kdf ljZj–hgo'4sf] k|:yfkgf k|:t't ug'{ ePsf]
5 . of] ljlzi6 o'udf ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf /fhgLlts / kmf}hL /0fgLlt /
sfo{gLltsf] lgwf{/0fsf nflu s= k|r08åf/f ljsl;t dfGotfx?sf] ljz]if dxTj
5 .
k|r08kyn]
g]kfnL qmflGtnfO{ ljZjqmflGt;“u hf]8\b} cfPsf] 5 . To;n] g]kfnnfO{ ljZj
qmflGtsf] cfwf/ Onfsfsf ?kdf u|x0f u/]sf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df blIf0f PlzofnL
If]qsf b]zx?sf hgtfsf] qmflGt / d'lQmsf] ;femf lxtdfly Wofg lb+b} k|r08kyn]
blIf0f PlzofnL gof“ ;f]leot km]8/]zgsf] dfGotf ljsl;t u/]sf] 5 .
j}1flgs
;dfhjfbsf] If]qdf k|r08kyåf/f ljsl;t ;jf{lws gof“ / dxTjk"0f{ l;4fGt
PSsfO;f}+}+ ztfAbLdf hgjfbsf] ljsf;sf] l;4fGt xf] . of] l;4fGt b'O{ nfOg
;+3if{, hgjfbL tyf ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj / hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] ljsf;;“u ;+alGwt
5 . o;n] gof“ 9+usf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{, gof“ 9+usf] hg;]gf tyf gof“ 9+usf]
/fHo;Qfsf] lgdf{0f / ljsf;sf] dfu ub{5 . of] l;4fGt cg';f/ kf6L{, ;]gf /
/fHo;Qfdf ljb|f]xsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug]{, oL tLgj6} ;fwgsf] lg/Gt/ ;j{xf/fs/0f,
qmflGts/0f tyf hgjfbLs/0f ug]{ / logLnfO{ hg;d'bfosf] lgoGq0f tyf lgu/fgLdf
/fVg] s'/f k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . kf6L{ g]t[Tj jf l;¨f] kf6L{ unt ag]df To;sf
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