=;DkfbsLo
cfwf/ Onfsfx?nfO{ ;'b[9
t'Nofp“b} k|Tofqmd0f / hgljb|f]xsf] tof/Ldf h'6f}+ †
dxfg\ hgo'4n] /0fgLlts ;Gt'ng / k|Tofqmd0fsf]
tof/Lsf] ljlzi6 r/0f x'“b} 5nf¨do ljsf;sf aLraf6 eJotd\ pknlAwx? ;lxt cf“wLdo
ultdf cf7 jif{ kf/ u/L gjf}+ jif{df k|j]z ub}{5 . of] dxfg\ P]ltxfl;s
cj;/df g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ k"jL{ s]Gb|Lo sdf08 ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{ sd/]8x?,
hgd'lQm ;]gfsf jL/ of]4fx?, df]rf{ tyf hg;/sf/sf ;fyLx?, zxLb kl/jf/x?,
z'e]R5's ldqx? / cfd hg;d'bfodf ljz]if qmflGtsf/L clejfbg 6Sofp“5, / dxfg\
hgo'4nfO{ ljhosf] lbzfdf lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9fO/xg] b[9 k|lta4tf k'gM hfx]/
ub{5 .
xfdLn]
hgo'4sf] kxn u/]sf] ev{/} xf] h:tf] nfU5 . t/, ltj|td ultdf hgo'4n] cf7
jif{ kf/ ub}{5 . cfufdL gjf}+ jif{ ut cf7 jif{ eGbf r'gf}+lt / ;+efjgf
b'j} b[li6n] w]/}} a9L hl6n / ;+j]bgzLn x'g] b]lvG5 . lsgeg] of] j]nf
/fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o txsf ;a} vfn] cGtlj{/f]wx? 3gLe"t ag]/ ;txdf
cfO/x]sf 5g\ . dxfg\ hgo'4 gof“ g]kfn hGdfp“g] uDeL/ k|zj kL8fsf aLraf6
cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . of] a]nf g]kfnL qmflGtn] xfdL ;a};“u cem} pRr k|sf/sf]
zf}o{, ljj]s / ;+sNksf ;fy tdfd k|sf/sf r'gf}ltx?sf] ;fdgf ub}{ Pstfa4 eP/
b[9tfk"j{s cufl8 a9\g' kg]{ s'/fsf] hf]8bf/ dfu ul//x]sf] 5 .
k|ltlqmofjfbL
/fHo;Qf clxn] /fhgLlts, cfly{s / ;“f:s[lts ?kdf eofjx ;+s6sf] e'd/Ldf km“;]sf]
5 . 1fg]Gb|åf/f ut;fn c;f]h !* ut]sf] k|ltudgsf/L sbdnfO{ k"0f{tf
lbgsf nflu b]zsf ljleGg efux?df slyt clegGbgsf gf}6+sLx? /Rg], cfk"mnfO{
ljZj lxGb';d|f6 3f]lift u/fpg] / ax'bnLo /fhgLltsf] lj/f]wnfO{ t]h kfg]{ sfd
x'‘b} cfPsf] 5 . ;':t dgl:yltdf /lxcfPsf ;+;bjfbL kf6L{x? clxn] k|ltudg
lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg afWo eO/x]sf 5g\ / pgLx?sf ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx?
;8sdf plqP/ u0ftGqsf] gf/f nufpb} cfPsf 5g\ . k'/fgf] ;Qf clxn] oyfy{df
d[To'z}ofdf 56\k6fpg yfln/x]sf] 5 . b]zsf lxdfnb]lv t/fO{ / d]rLb]lv
dxfsfnL;Ddsf ljzfn u|fdL0f e"–efux?df nx/sf ?kdf cfwf/ Onfsfx? / :jfoQ
hg;/sf/x? aGb} tyf ;'b[9 x'“b} u}/x]sf 5g\ . l8ljhgx?sf] :t/df hgd'lQm
;]gfsf jL/ of]4fx?n] b]zel/ g} df]rf{a4 o'4sf] cEof; ub}{ u}/x]sf 5g\ .
xfd|f] uf}/jzfnL kf6L{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ xhf/f}+ ;]nx?b]lv s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt;Dd
cWoIf s= k|r08sf] s'zn / b"/bzL{ g]t[Tjdf Pstfa4 /xL ;kmntfk"j{s
hgo'4sf] ;+rfng ug]{ sfddf lqmofzLn aGb} cfPsf] 5 . o;/L x]bf{ hgo'4n]
/0fgLlts ;Gt'ngaf6 k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf 5nf¨ xfGgsf nflu b]zsf] /fhgLlts
kl/l:ylt lbgk|ltlbg cg's"n aGb} u}/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
oBlk !!
;]K6]Da/sf] 36gf kZrft\ slyt cft+sjfbsf] lj/f]wsf] lgx‘'df cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn]
ljZjsf /fli6«o d'lQm, gof“ hgjfbL tyf ;dfhjfbL cfGbf]ngx?nfO{ s'Nrg] b'ik|of;
ub}{5 / To;n] g]kfnsf] d/0ff;Gg ;fdGtL ;}lgs clwgfosjfbL /fHo;QfnfO{ gf¨f] tyf
lgn{Hh k|sf/n] cfly{s, /fhg}lts / ;}lgs ?kdf d2t k'¥ofpg], g]kfnsf]
;fj{ef}ldstfdfly x:tIf]k a9fpg] / dxfg\
hgo'4nfO{ lg:t]h t'Nofpg] s;/t ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;af6 hgo'4sf] ljsf;sf]
nflu cGt{/fli6«o kl/l:ylt s]xL xb;Dd k|lts"n klg /xg uPsf] b]lvG5 .
k/Gt' ckmuflg:tfgb]lv O/fsL o'4 x'“b} clxn];Dd cfp“bf cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb
cGt/;fd|fHojfbL cGtlj{/f]wx? / o"/f]k tyf cd]l/sf ;lxt ljZj:t/df ljsl;t
x'“b} u}/x]sf] o'4lj/f]wL hgdtsf sf/0f lbgk|ltlbg gfl¨b} tyf PlSnb} u}/x]sf]
5 . g]kfndf a9fOPsf] cd]l/sL x:tIf]ksf lj?4 blIf0f PlzofnL If]q / l;¨f]
ljZjdf klg hgdt ljsl;t x'“b} u}/x]sf] 5 . o;af6 hgo'4sf] ljsf;sf nflu
cGt/fli6«o ?kdf klg kl/l:ylt cg's"n aGb} hfg yfn]sf] s'/f :ki6 x'g
cfp“5 .
of]
l:yltdf xfdLn] Psflt/ pko{'Qm k|sf/sf] kl/l:ylt / csf]{lt/ kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo gLlt
tyf of]hgfx?sf] d"n dd{nfO{ cfTd;ft u/L k"j{df cfwf/ Onfsfx?nfO{
;'b[9 t'Nofp“b} k|Tofqmd0f / hgljb|f]xsf] tof/Lsf sfdx?nfO{ ;+ul7t / Jojl:yt
ug]{af/] uDeL/tfk"j{s nflukg{ h?/L 5 . k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/Ldf of]
ljlzi6 r/0fdf k"j{n] cfh dfq k"j{ xf]Og l;¨f] b]zsf] ;Gbe{df klg
dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ cfjZos aGb} uPsf] 5 .
ut ;fn
s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] lgb]{zgdf k"jL{ s]Gb|Lo sdf08sf] a}7sdf kfl/t ljlzi6
gLlt / of]hgf cg'?k cufl8 a9\g] / k"j{df ljBdfg g]t[Tjsf] s]Gb|Ls/0f,
j}rfl/s Ps?ktf / kmf}hL bIftfsf] ljsf;;“u ;DalGwt ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg ub}{hfg]
lbzfdf jif{ lbgsf] aLrdf ;fk]If ?kdf k|ult x'“b} cfPsf] 5 .
o'4lj/fd
tyf jftf{ k|lqmof / To; kZrft\sf] Ps jif{sf] cjlwdf k"j{df s]Gb|Lo gLlt /
of]hgf cg'?k ;+u7g, ;+3if{ / hgkl/rfngsf sfdx?nfO{ Jojl:yt kfg{ cfGtl/s / afXo
?kdf pNn]vgLo sfdx? ePsf 5g\ . ju{b'Zdgsf cg]sf}+ b'ik|rf/x? / zfxL
cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] slyt PsLs[t sdf08df ;+rflnt bdg cleofgsf lj?4 hgd'lQm ;]gf
Tofu, jL/tf / alnbfgsf pRr sLlt{dfgx? sfod ub}{ ;kmntfk"j{s cufl8 a9]sf]
5 .
o;}
k|lqmofdf @)^) ;fn c;f/ #) ut] ls/f“t js{; kf6L{sf qmflGtsf/Lx? /
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ aLr h'g PsLs/0f eof] To;n] ;fdfGotM l;¨f] g]kfnL qmflGt /
sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf / d'VotM k"j{df qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ uf]naGb u/L hgo'4nfO{
cufl8 a9fpg] lbzfdf Ps pNn]vgLo P]ltxfl;s e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] 5 .
oL ;a}
s'/fx? dfly Wofg lb+bf k"j{df ;+u7g / ;+3if{sf sfdx?nfO{ csf]{ gof‘
p‘rfOdf p7fpgsf nflu /fd|f] j:t'ut tyf cfTdut cfwf/ tof/ aGb} uPsf]
b]lvG5 . k/Gt', olt dfq kof{Kt 5}g . hgo'4sf] k|lqmofdf k"j{df
s}of}+ ;d:ofx? ylkb} uPsf 5g\ / ltgsf] klg ;dfwfg ub}{ hfg h?/L 5 .
k"j{sf]
l:ylt ljlzi6 5 / oxf“sf ;d:of klg ljlzi6 k|sf/sf 5g\ . clxn] k"j{
ju{o'4sf] cu|efusf ?kdf ljsl;t x'“b} hfg yfn]sf] 5 . of] l:yltdf To;}
cg'?k ju{o'4sf sfdx?nfO{ ;+ul7t / Jojl:yt
t'Nofpg cem} 7"nf] kl/>d ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf k}bf ePsf] 5 .
k"j{ dhb"/ cfGbf]ng, ls;fg cfGbf]ng, sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng / /fli6«o
d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] pj{/ e"ld
/lxcfPsf] 5 . k/Gt', tL cfGbf]ngx? ;xL 9+un] ljsl;t x'g g;Sbf k"j{ ;+zf]wgjfb / If]qLotfjfbsf] klg
u9 aGb} cfPsf] 5 . ;fy}, k"j{df a|fxd0fjfb klg 5 / a|fxd0fjfb lj/f]wL
wf/f klg 5 . oxf‘ Psflt/ Tofu, jL/tf / alnbfgsf pRr ufyfx? 5g\ eg] csf]{lt/
cfTd;dk{0fjfb, cfTd;'/Iffjfb, cs{d0otfjfb / knfogjfbsf k|j[lt klg 5g\ .
oxf“ pbf/jfb, c/fhstfjfb / ;+sL0f{tfjfb klg 5g\, ;fy} ltgsf lj/f]wL lrGtg /
k|j[lt klg 5g\ . cGtt, oL ;a}sf] ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds k|efj klg yf]/ ax't
?kdf xfdL ;a}df kb}{ cfPsf] 5 . oxf“ cfnf]s k|j[ltsf lj?4 j}rfl/s ;+3if{
rNb} cfPsf] 5 . t/ o;sf ;fy} gof‘ ?k / /¨sf cfnf]s k|j[ltx? klg hGdb}
cfO/x]sf 5g\ . clxn] k"j{df gof‘ kf6L{ sfo{stf{x?sf] ljzfn kmf}h tof/
ePsf] 5 . t/ pgLx?nfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ j}rfl/s / /fhgLlts ?kn] k|lzlIft t'Nofpg]
sfd w]/} g} ckof{Kt /x]sf] 5 .
of]
;du| k[i7 e"lddf x]bf{ cfh k"j{df d"ntM tLg k|sf/sf ;d:ofx?
b]lvG5g\, tL x'g\– ;+3if{sf sfdx?nfO{ u'0ffTdstf k|bfg ug]{ ;d:of, j}rfl/s
?kfGt/0fsf] ;d:of / sfostf{x?nfO{ k|lzlIft ug]{ ;d:of . ;+3if{sf sfdx?nfO{
u'0ffTdstf k|bfg ug{sf nflu clxn] xfdLn] cfÎgf ;|f]t, ;fwg / IfdtfnfO{ clwstd
?kdf ;b'kof]u / ;+of]hg ug]{ s'/fdf ljz]if hf]8 lbg' kb{5 . xfdLn]
cfTd;dk{0fjfb / cfTd;'/Iffjfbsf lj?4sf] ;+3if{nfO{ k|d'vtf lb+b} cGo unt lrGtg / k|j[ltx?sf lj?4 klg j}rfl/s ;+3if{
rnfp‘b} hfg h?/L 5 . cfhsf] cfjZostf xfdL ;a}n] dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf]
lgb]{zgdf ;j{k|yd cfÎgf] 6fpsf]df cfkm} cfuf] ;Nsfpg tof/ /xg' xf] . o;}
k|lqmofdf xfdLn] sfo{stf{x?sf] cfjZos j}rfl/s / /fhgLlts k|lzlIf0fsf] sfdnfO{
cfÎgf] sfo{;"rLsf] Ps k|d'v ljifo agfpg' kb{5 . oL tLg ;d:of dWo]
g]t[Tjsf] j}rfl/s ?kfGt/0fsf] ;d:of g} k"j{sf] clxn]sf] k|d'v ;d:of
xf] . k"j{df ju{ ;+3if{ / kmf}hL sfdnfO{ u'0ffTdstf k|bfg ug{sf]
lglDt cGt/;+3if{sf ;d:ofx?sf] klg u'0ffTds ;dfwfg clgjfo{ aGg uPsf] 5 .
lgisif{sf ?kdf eGg' kbf{ of] a]nf xfdLn]
cfk"mnfO{ ljrf/, ;+u7g / ;+3if{sf] If]qdf ?kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ cem ;zQm
agfp“b} dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb / k|r08kysf] lgb]{zgdf s]Gb|Lo gLlt /
of]hgfx?sf] b[9tfk"j{s sfof{Gjogsf nflu ljz]if uDeL/tfsf ;fy nflukg{ h?/L
5 . k"j{df of] a]nfsf] d'Vo sfd eg]sf] Psflt/ ljrf/ tyf ;+u7gsf
If]qdf u'0ffTds 5nf¨ xfGb} cufl8 a9\g' xf] eg] csf]{lt/ hgtfnfO{ ;+ul7t
t'Nofp‘b} k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;Qfsf lj?4 ljb|f]xsf] nx/ ;[li6 ub}{ k|Tofqmd0fsf]
tof/L ug'{ xf] . sd/]8x?, ljrf/, ;+u7g / ;+3if{sf tLg cf]6} If]qdf u'0ffTds
5nf¨ xfGb} cufl8 a9f}+ † cfwf/ Onfsfx?nfO{ ;'b[9 t'Nofp“b} /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0f
/ hgljb|f]xsf] tof/Ldf b[9tfsf ;fy h'6f}+ ††
v