jt{dfg kl/l:ylt / xfd|f] P]ltxfl;s sfo{ef/
s]=;=sf] a}7sdf k|:t't k|:tfj
dxfg\ g]kfnL hgo'4 cfh
/0fg}lts ;Gt'ng / k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/Lsf] ljlzi6 r/0fdf 5 . ;}4flGts ?kn]
of] r/0f cfkm}+df cToGt hl6n / ;+j]bgzLn r/0f x'g] ub{5 . ;fd|fHojfbsf]
o'udf s'g} klg b]zsf] hgqmflGtn] of] r/0f;Dd ljsf; u/]kl5 To;n] clgjfo{ ?kdf
ljZj ;fd|fHojfb;“u k|ToIf 6Ss/ lng k'Ub5 . ljsf;sf] of] l:yltn] :jtM
;DalGwt hgqmflGtsf cufl8 lgtfGt gof“ r'gf}tL / gof“ ;DefjgfnfO{ v8f ul//x]sf]
x'G5 .. To;df klg cfh ljz]if u/L ljZjdf Pp6f klg jf:tljs ;dfhjfbL ;Qf
g/x]sf] tyf æe"d08nLs/0fÆ / æpbf/Ls/0fÆ, æ;Eotfsf] lj:tf/Æ / æcft+s
lj/f]wL o'4Æsf gfddf cToGt pb08tfk"j{s cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] ljZjnfO{ g}
cfºgf] d'¶Ldf /fVg cufl8 al9/x]sf] jt{dfg ;Gbe{df g]kfnL hgo'4sf] of] r/0f /
o;sf] efjL ljsf; cem ljz]if ?kn] hl6n / cem ljz]if ?kn] dxfg\ x'g] s'/f lglZrt
5 .
kf6L{sf]
bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf] j}rfl/s ;+Zn]if0f tyf To;sf] k|of]usf] k|lqmof;“u}
hgo'4sf] ljsf;df u'0ffTds k|ult b]vfk¥of] . @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] ;+3f/df
b]vfk/]sf] hgo'4sf] u'0f / dfqfsf] Jofkstf ;“u;“u} ljZj ;fd|fHojfb d'VotM
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] cfºgf] x:tIf]ksf/L ultljlwnfO{ tLj|tf lbg yfNof] .
b/af/ xTofsf08dfkm{t\ ;jf{lws lg/+s'z ;fdGtL tTjx?nfO{ cufl8 a9fO{ dxfg\
hgo'4sf lj?4 pgLx?nfO{ ;fdflhs, cfly{s / /fhg}lts v'nf ;xof]uåf/f ;fd|fHojfbn]
g]kfndf cfºgf] bfx|f gªu|f uf8\g] hdsf]{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf]
e"–/fhg}lts l:yltsf] /0fg}lts dxTj / hgo'4sf] ljhoåf/f k}bf x'g]
b"/ufdL k|efjnfO{ 7"nf] r'gf}tLsf ?kdf a'em]/ g} ;fd|fHojfbLx?n]
g]kfndf dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;Qf sAhf ug{af6 /f]Sg] /0fgLltsf] 3f]if0ff
ul//x]sf 5g\ . !! ;]K6]Da/sf] 36gfkl5 tyfslyt cft+slj/f]wL o'4sf gfddf
;fd|fHojfbsf] lj/f]w ug]{ pTkLl8t b]z / hgtfsf lj?4 cToGt qm"/ / h+unL o'4
yf]kb}{ cfPsf] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] clxn] g]kfndf ePsf] o'4–lj/fd / jftf{ k|lqmofnfO{
;d]t cfºgf] ToxL /0fgLltsf] c+u / ljhosf ?kdf k|rf/ ug'{ tyf dfcf]jfbL
cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;d]t cGt/f{li6«o cft+sjfbsf] ;"rLdf /fVg'n] hgo'4sf] ljsf;sf]
:t/ / o;sf cufl8sf r'gf}tLx?nfO{ :ki6 ub{5g\ .
cfh ljZj
hgdtsf] hah{:t lj/f]wsf afjh'b cTofw'lgs ;}Go k|ljlwsf andf O/fs / O/fsL
hgtfnfO{ tjfx kfg{ …;kmnÚ ePsf] pbfx/0f b]vfP/ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] Tof] slyt
;kmntfnfO{, ljb|f]xsf] s'/f ug]{ ljZjsf ;fgf–7"nf ;a} zlQmx?sf nflu Pp6f
r]tfjgL ePsf] cx+sf/o'Qm 3f]if0ff ul//x]sf] 5 . b]zleq k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qf
/ k|d'v ;+;bjfbLx?sf] /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbL rl/q Pjd\ ;fd|fHojfbsf] pk/f]Qm
wDsLsf ;Gbe{df xfdLn] cToGt uDeL/tfk"j{s kf6L{sf /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltx?sf]
ljsf; ug{ h?/L 5 .
ljZj kl/l:yltaf/]
zLto'4sf]
;dflKtkl5 ;fd|fHojfbLx?n] u/]sf] …Oltxf;sf] cGtÚ / …gof“ ljZj Joj:yfsf] pboÚsf]
bfjLnfO{ k"0f{tM em'§f] asjf; ;flat ub}{ cfh ljZjsf ;a} cfwf/e"t
cGt/lj/f]wx? tLj| ePsf 5g\ .. ;fd|fHojfb / pTkLl8t /fi6« Pjd\ hgtfsf
aLrsf] ljZjsf] k|d'v cGt/lj/f]w dfq ljikmf]6s ePsf] 5}g clkt' cGt/;fd|fHojfbL
cGt/lj/f]w klg emg\ rs]{/ uPsf] 5 . k"j{ ;f]leot ;+3sf] ktgkl5 l;+uf]
e"–d08ndf cfºgf] Ps5q k|e'Tj sfod ug]{ /0fgLlt cGtu{t cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfbsf] a9\bf] n"6, x:tIf]k / cft+s;“u} of] l:yltsf] ljsf; eO/x]sf]
5 .
wtL{sf]
cToflws dfgjLo Pjd\ k|fs[lts ;+zfwgsf] zf]if0f, bf]xg / n"6df v8f ePsf]
tyfslyt cd]l/sL ;DkGgtf / ;EotfnfO{ cfkm}+n] ljZjsf] cfbz{ w/f]x/ 3f]if0ff ub}{
;fd|fHojfbL wg–s'a]/x?sf] a'z d08nLn] p;sf] lj/f]wdf cfjfh p7fpg] /fi6«, ;+u7g,
cfGbf]ng / hg;d'bfo hf] s;}dfly xdnf ug]{ ljz]if clwsf/sf] bfaL / k|of]u ub}{
cfPsf] 5 . dfgj hfltnfO{ g} Wj+; ug{;Sg] dxfljgf;sf/L xltof/x?sf] lgdf{0f
ug]{ o'4 pBf]udf l6s]sf] cd]l/sL cy{tGqnfO{ wf/fzfoL x'gaf6 arfpg of] jf Tof]
axfgfdf hg;d'bfodfly o'4 yf]kg'{ ;fd|fHojfbsf] Pp6f d"n ljz]iftf alg/x]s}
5 .
ut bzsb]lv
g} ;fdfGotM ;du| ;fd|fHojfbL cy{tGq
Pjd\ ljz]iftM cd]l/sL cy{tGqdf ulx/f] dGbL 5fPsf] 5 . cf}Bf]lus
k"“hLdfly ljQLo k"“hLsf] jr{:j sfod ePsf] / To;k|sf/sf] ljQLo
k"“hLdfly …ljZj a}+sÚ, …cGt/f{li6«o d'b|fsf]ifÚ h:tf ;+:yfdfkm{t d'VotM
cd]l/sL lgoGq0f /x]sf] 5 . ljQLo k"“hLsf] babaf / To;sf] c;Lldt
;+s]Gb|0fn] c;dfg cfo ljt/0f, c;dfg ljsf;, a]/f]huf/L Pjd\ wgL / u/Lasf aLrsf]
vf8nnfO{ klg eofgs ?kn] rsf{P/ nUof] . lj1fg, k|ljlwsf] ljsf; /
k"“hLsf] ;+s]Gb|0fn] ;fd|fHojfbL cfly{s OsfO{x?sf] pTkfbg Ifdtf t c;Lldt
?kn] a[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . t/, ljsf; / ljt/0fsf] c;dfgtfsf sf/0f dfu / ahf/
ToxL cg'kftdf ga9]sf] dfq xf]Og emg\ ;Lldt x'“b} uPsf] 5 . ;fd|fHojfbL cy{
Joj:yfsf] of] j+zf0f'ut lgoltsf sf/0f ahf/sf lgldQ ;fd|fHojfbL u'6x?sf aLrdf
6s/fj x'g clgjfo{ x'G5 .
cfh ljZj
kl/l:yltdf Pp6f 7"nf] df]8 / kl/jt{gnfO{ JoQm ul//x]sf] O/fs o'4sf]
k[i7e"ldn] pQm s'/fnfO{ :ki6 ub{5 . cGt/f{li6«o e'Qmfgsf] dfWod 8n/
ePsf] x'gfn] kf“r v/a eGbf a9Lsf] Jofkf/ 3f6fnfO{ cd]l/sfn] dgk/L 8n/ 5fk]/
k"lt{ ul//x]sf] ePtf klg olb em08} cfwf cd]l/sg d'b|fdf lgoGq0f ug]{
o"/f]k nufotsf cGo ;fd|fHojfbL b]zx?n] 8n/sf] ;§f cGo d'b|f k|of]u ug]{
ljlQs} ;:tf] Aofhsf] C0fdf l6s]sf] cd]l/sL 3/]n' cy{ Joj:yf 6f6 klN6g] lglZrt
5 . j:t'tM cd]l/sfsf s}of}+ 7"N7"nf sDkgL / a}+sx? 6f6 klN6b}
hfg'sf k5fl8 oxL l:yltn] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . otf s]xL ;dob]lv ljsf; x'“b}
uPsf] …o"/f]Úsf] cj:yfn] …8n/Úsf] eljionfO{ r'gf}tL lb+b} uPsf] 5 .
o;df vf;u/L ;g\ @))) b]lv O/fsn] cfºgf] t]nsf] e'Qmfg o"/f] dfkm{t\ ug{
yfn]sf] lyof] . e]g]h'onfn] of] sfd emg\ klxn]b]lv ub}{ uPsf] lyof] .
cd]l/sg 8n/sf] ;§f s}of}+ ;fdfHojfbL b]zx?n] cfºgf] ljb]zL d'b|f e08f/nfO{
lj:tf/} o"/f]df abNg yfn] . sltko cd]l/sfs} glhssf dflgg] b]zx? ;d]t
o"/f]nfO{ lglZrt xb;Dd e08f/ ug{ OR5's x'“b} uP . To;df klg ut ;ft
jif{b]lv t]n pTkfbs b]zx?n] t]n ;Dkbfsf] ljsf;sf nflu s'g} klg cd]l/sg
sDkgLnfO{ cfdlGqt ug{ 5f]8\g yfn] .. of] ;du| l:yltdf olb t]nsf] ljzfn
ljZj Jofkf/df o"/f]sf] sAhf eof] / 8n/ aflxl/of] eg] -h;sf] :ki6 ;+s]t
b]vf kl/;s]sf] lyof]_ cd]l/sfsf] cy{tGq rf}k6 x'g] / ljZjdf p;sf] Ps5q bfbflu/L
grNg] lglZrt eof] . o;/L j:t'tM !! ;]K6]Da/sf] 36gf eGbf klxn] g}
cd]l/sfsf] cfly{s k|e'Tjdf 7"nf] vt/f pTkGg eO;s]sf] lyof] . Tof]
cj:yfdf :jo+ gf6f]sf ;b:o b]zx?leq} clt pTkfbg / ;Lldt ahf/sf] cGt/lj/f]wsf]
clgjfo{ cleJolQmsf ?kdf cfk;L 6s/fj b]vfkg'{ :jfefljs lyof] . cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfbn] ca cfºgf] cfly{s k|e'Tjsf nflu Psdfq cltdxfzlQmsf] bhf{ k|fKt
ljzfn kmf}hL ;+oGq;lxt o'4 5]8\g'afx]s csf]{ pkfo b]Vg ;Dej lyPg .
7Ls oxL
k[i7e"lddf !! ;]K6]Da/sf] 36gf 36\of] . of] 36gf j:t'tM ;+s6u|:t aGb}
uPsf] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbL wg–s'a]/sf] lgldQ o'4 5]8\g] cToGt 7"nf] axfgf
aGg uof] . Ps w|'jLo cfly{s / ;}lgs k|e'Tjsf nflu cfºgf] ljzfn kmf}hL
;+oGq;lxt o'4sf] axfgf vf]Hg yfn]sf t]n Jofkf/L a'z d08nLn] tTsfn slyt cft+s
lj/f]wL o'4sf gfddf bL3{sfnLg o'4sf] 3f]if0ff u¥of] . cfºgf] k|d'v
/0fg}lts nIo t]n sAhf u/L cfºgf k|lt:kwL{x?nfO{ kfvf nufpg' / ljZj
cy{tGqdflysf] ks8 dha't kfg'{ ePtf klg tTsfn To;nfO{ cft+slj/f]wL o'4sf] gfd
lbP/ ckmuflg:tfgdfly xdnfaf6 z'? ul/of] . ha of] k|lqmof cufl8 a9]/
ljZjsf] bf];|f] 7"nf] t]n e08f/ /x]sf] ;fj{ef}d /fi6« O/fsdfly slyt
;fd"lxs ljgfzsf /f;folgs tyf h}ljs xltof/ /x]sf] / To;nfO{ gi6 ug]{
cfwf/xLg cf/f]kdf xdnfsf] tof/L cd]l/sL / la|l6z kmf}haf6 x'g yfNof] ta ljZj
kl/l:yltdf 7"nf] pyn—k'yn / kl/jt{g b]vf k¥of] / kl//x]sf] 5 .
o'4sf]
tof/Ls} qmddf d'VotM o"/f]k, cd]l/sf nufot ljZjel/ g} ;fd|fHojfbL o'4sf]
lj/f]wdf ce"tk"j{ hg–k|bz{gsf] nx/ b]vfk¥of] . ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf
u9df g} o'4nfO{ …dfgjtf lj?4sf] ck/fwÚ / …a'z, An]o/x?nfO{ @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf lx6n/;“uÚ
t'ngf u/]/ ePsf] o'4–lj/f]wL ljzfn / eJo hgk|bz{gx?n] ljZj qmflGtsf] gof“ nx/sf
nflu j:t'ut ?kn] qmflGtsf/L kl/l:yltnfO{ 7"nf] dfqfdf tof/ u/]sf] 5 .
o"/f]k, cd]l/sf / ljZjel/ ljsf; ePsf] hg;d'bfosf] o'4–lj/f]wL Pstf / kxnn]
tTsfn O/fs o'4nfO{ /f]Sg ;kmn gePtf klg o;n] ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 hgzlQmsf] ljsNk
/ efjL ljb|f]xsf] ;Defjgfsf] alnof] cfwf/ v8f u/]sf] 5 . s/f]8f}+
hg;d'bfosf] ljZjJofkL lj/f]wsf afjh'b 5]l8Psf] o'4n] ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf]
k|hftGqsf] gsfj RoflQP . pgLx?sf] c;nL ;}Go kmfl;jfbL rl/q Psk6s km]l/
ljZj:t/df pbf¨f] ePsf] 5 . O/fs o'4sf ;Gbe{df ljsl;t ePsf] ljZj
kl/l:yltsf] of] Pp6f cToGt ;sf/fTds kIf xf] .
O/fs
o'4n] cGt/–;fd|fHojfbL cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ ;txdf dfq NofPg sfkmL xb;Dd To;nfO{
rsf{P/ nu]sf] 5 . k|mfG;, hd{gL / ?; d'vl/t eP/ g} cd]l/sf / la|6]gsf] o'4
gLltsf lj?4 b]vf k/] . k|mfG;n] /fi6« ;+3df o'4sf lj?4 eL6f] k|of]u ug{
lbPsf] wDsL tyf cd]l/sfsf] æPs w|'jLo ljZj k|e'Tj ;x\o gePsf]Æ 3f]if0ffn] cGt/
;fd|fHojfbL cGt/lj/f]wsf] :t/nfO{ JoQm ub{5 . d'VotM cf–cfºgf] cfly{s
:jfy{ / ;xfos ?kdf ;8sdf hg;d'bfosf] hjh{:t k|bz{gsf] bafjsf sf/0f o; lsl;dsf]
lj/f]w Tof] :t/;Dd b]vfk/]sf] s'/f :ki6 g} 5 . t/, cfhsf] ;fd|fHojfbL ljZj
Joj:yfnfO{ arfO/fVg ;Sg] Psdfq tfut cd]l/sf g} ePsf] tYonfO{ /fd|f];“u a'em]sf
oL ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] lj/f]wsf] :j/df cd]l/sf;“u ;f“7uf“7 / bnfnLsf] uGw klg
;lhn} dx;'; ug{ ;lsG5 . of] s'/f /fi6« ;+3sf] jsfnt / o'4sf] lj/f]w
ubf{ub}{ klg oL b]zx?n] To;nfO{ /f]Sg s'g} 7f]; sbd grfn]sf] dfq xf]Og ck|ToIf
?kdf o'4nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ tyf cd]l/sfn] o'4 xfg{ eg] x'“b}g eg]/ u/]sf] k|rf/af6
:ki6 x'G5 . h] eP klg t]n / ahf/sf lgldQ ;fd|fHojfbL k|lt:kwf{ a9b} uPsf]
5 / O/fs o'4n] Tof] cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ emg tLa| / ulx/f] t'NofPsf] 5 . ljZj
kl/l:yltdf ljsf; ePsf] of] csf]{ dxŒjk"0f{ kl/jt{g xf] .
zLto'4sf]
cGtkl5 cd]l/sfsf] Ps5q k|e'TjnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]/ To;sf] cflz{jfb k|fKt ug{
k|lt:kwf{ ul//x]sf] t];|f] ljZjsf k|lts[ofjfbL zf;sx? ut bzssf] cg'ejaf6 cfºgf]
l:ylt emg\ sdhf]/ eO/x]sf] dx;'; ul//x]sf lyP . clxn] t];|f] ljZjsf ;a}
k|lts[ofjfbL zf;sx? Psflt/ hg;d'bfosf] a9\bf] cfqmf]z / ljb|f]x tyf csf{lt/
ljZj ;fd|fHojfbsf] bafj, wDsLsf] bf]xf]/f] r]kdf /x]sf 5g\ . /fi6« ;+3sf]
c:jLs[lt, ljZj hgdtsf] Jofks lj/f]w / t];|f] ljZjsf clwsf+z zf;sx?sf] cg'go,
ljgosf afjh'b cd]l/sf / la|l6z ;fd|fHojfbåf/f Pp6f ;fj{ef}d b]z O/fsdfly ul/Psf]
eLif0f xdnfn] em08}–em08} lal;{g nfu]sf] c;+nUg cfGbf]ngnfO{ :d/0f ug{ / ;f]
cfGbf]ngdfkm{t\ o'4sf] lj/f]w ug{ t];|f] ljZjsf zf;sx? afWo ePsf 5g\ ..
t/, cfºgf] k|lts[ofjfbL rl/qsf sf/0f ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 pgLx?n] s'g} b[9 c8fg
lng ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ / lng;Sg] s'/f klg xf]Og . t];|f] ljZjsf sltko lg/+s'z
zf;sx? cfºgf] cfo' / cl:tTjsf nflu gf¨} ;fd|fHojfbsf] bnfnL ul//x]sf 5g\ eg]
cGo sltko cft+lst dfgl;stf;lxt ;Demf}tfsf] af6f] vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ . h] eP
klg cGt/ ;fd|fHojfbL cGt/lj/f]w rs{b+} hfg' / ToxL cg'kftdf c;+nUg cfGbf]ngn]
k"ghL{ljt x'g] hdsf]{ ug'{n] ljZj l:yltdf cfO/x]sf] kl/jt{gnfO{ g} JoQm
ub{5 .
O/fs o'4df
k|fKt slyt kmf}hL ;kmntfaf6 cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] ljZj k|e'Tj sfod ug]{
cx+sf/ emg\ a9]/ uPsf] 5 . pgLx?n] Tof] …;kmntfÚnfO{ cd]l/sfsf lj?4 cfjfh
p7fpg] ljZjsf ;fgf–7"nf ;a} zlQmsf lj?4 Pp6f r]tfjgL ePsf] bDek"0f{
3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ . k"/} c/a b]zx?df cfºgf cufl8 3'“8f 6]Sg
s7k"tnL ;/sf/ sfod u/L t]ndfkm{t\ ljZj sAhf ug]{ /0fgLlt clxn] l;l/of,
O/fg nufotsf b]zx?dfly wDsLdf s]lGb|t ul//x]sf 5g\ .
ckmuflg:tfg / kfls:tfgdf cfºgf] ;}Go ;+oGqnfO{ alnof] t'Nofp“b} nu]sf] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] blIf0f Plzofdf
cfºgf] k|e'Tj s:b} n}hfg] /0fgLlt
ckgfPsf] 5 . o; If]qsf b]zx?df ljBdfg k|lts[ofjfbL ;/sf/x?sf]
cfTd;dk{0fjfbL rl/qsf sf/0f Tof] /0fgLltdf pgLx? ;kmn klg x'“b} uPsf 5g\ .
sZdL/ ljjfbnfO{ xltof/sf ?kdf k|of]u u/L ef/t / kfls:tfgsf zf;sx?nfO{ la/fnf]n]
d';f v]nfPem}+ v]nfp“b} cfPsf] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] clxn] Wofg hgo'4sf]
dfWodaf6 tLa| ultdf Pskl5 csf]{ ;kmntf xfl;n ub}{ uPsf] g]kfnL hgtfsf] dxfg\
hgjfbL cfGbf]ngnfO{ lg:t]h kfg]{ k|Zgdf s]lGb|t eO/x]sf] 5 . j}rfl/s
b[li6n] @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] cu|ufdL cfGbf]ng ePsf] tyf g]kfnsf] e"–/0fg}lts
cjl:ylt -ljzfn rLg / ef/tsf aLrdf x'g'_ sf sf/0f dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntf
ljZj ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 gof“ ljZj qmflGtsf] lemNsf] x'g] tyf To;af6 ljZj
;fd|fHojfbdf 89]nf] nfUg] s'/fnfO{
a'em]/ g} pgLx?n] g]kfndf ljut sl/a # jif{b]lv cfºgf] x:tIf]ksf/L ultljlwnfO{
a9fp“b} nu]sf 5g\ . 3f]/ k|ltufdL ;fdGtL lg/+s'zjfbL tTjx?nfO{ l6sfO/fVg
hgo'4sf lj?4 ;fdl/s, cfly{s / ef}lts ;xof]u a9fO/x]sf 5g\ . o'4–lj/fd eP/
cf}krfl/s jftf{sf] ;+3f/df cfOk'Ubf cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb / g]kfnL k'/fgf] ;Qfsf
aLrdf ePsf] slyt cft+sjfbsf lj?4sf] %–jif]{ ;dembf/L -;lGwn]_ / xfn} g]kfnsf] dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;d]t
cft+sjfbsf] ;"rLdf /fVg] 3f]if0ffn] l:yltsf] u+eL/tfnfO{ :ki6 ub{5 ..
clxn]sf] ljZj kl/l:yltsf] of] ;+lIfKt cjnf]sgaf6 dfq klg s] s'/f :ki6 x'G5 eg]
Oltxf;sf tdfd ptf/ r9fjsf afjh'b ;fd|fHojfbsf cfwf/e"t ljz]iftf / a'zsf
nflu o'4sf] clgjfo{tfaf6 sd/]8 n]lggn] u/]sf] ljZn]if0f cfh klg plQs} j}1flgs /
;fGble{s /x]sf] 5 . qmflGtåf/f o'4sf] lj/f]w afx]s ljZj hg;d'bfosf cufl8
csf]{ ljsNk 5“b} 5}g . O/fs o'4;Ddsf] l:yltn] @!cf}+ ztfAbLdf ljZj
qmflGtsf] gof“ nx/sf nflu j:t'ut kl/l:yltnfO{ kl/kSj agfp“b} nu]sf] 5 .. df=n]=df=sf
cfwf/e"t l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ;fx;k"j{s Tof] ljZj qmflGtsf] g]t[Tjsf nflu
cfkm}nfO{ tof/ kfg]{ dxfg\ P]ltxfl;s sfo{ef/ cGt/f{li6«o ;j{xf/fju{sf] sf“wdf
cfPsf] 5 . hgo'4 jfx]s ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ k/f:t ug]{ csf]{ s'g} kmf}hL /0fgLlt
x'g ;Qm}g .
ljZj kl/l:ylt / g]kfnL qmflGtaf/]
;"rgf
k|ljlwdf ePsf] ce"tk"j{ ljsf;n] cfhsf] ljZjnfO{ cfZro{hgs?kdf
;f“3'/f] kfl/lbPsf] 5 . ;fd|fHojfb / ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] o'usf] ljsf;n] s'g}
lglZrt b]zdf hgqmflGtsf] ;kmntfsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltsf] cg's"ntf jf
k|lts"ntfn] /0fg}lts dxŒjsf] e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf] x'G5 . To;dfly
@!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] Pp6f b]zdf qmflGtsf] ;kmntfsf nflu
cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltsf] dxŒj emg\ u'0ffTds?kn] a9\g uPsf] 5 . cfhsf]
l:yltdf s'g} lglZrt b]zsf] qmflGtsf ptf/–r9fjx? ljZj kl/l:yltdf cfpg] ptf/—r9fj;“u
lg/Gt/ / cleGg ?kn] uf“l;Psf x'G5g\ . g]kfnL qmflGtsf] ljsf;sf
&–jif{x?n] pk/f]Qm jf:tljstfnfO{ /fd|f];“u cleJoQm ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
ljZj
;fd|fHojfb, cfhsf] cj:yfdf d'VotM cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb olb k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfsf]
;xof]udf k|ToIf cufl8 gcfPsf] eP kf6L{sf] P]ltxfl;s bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngåf/f
;+Zn]lift ljrf/, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltsf] k|of]uåf/f g]kfnL qmflGt clxn]sf] eGbf
s]xL leGg / ;fk]lIft ;xhtfk"j{s cufl8 a9\g ;+ej lyof] . s'Voft b/af/
xTofsf08dfkm{t ;jf{lws qm"/ / lg/+s'z ;fdGtL tTjx?nfO{ g]kfnL hgo'4sf lj?4
v8f u/fpg]b]lv !! ;]K6]Da/kl5 slyt cft+sjfbsf lj?4 o'4sf] 3f]if0ff;“u} g]kfndf
cfºgf] x:tIf]k a9fpg];Ddsf cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf s[ofsnfkn] g]kfnL qmflGt
k|efljt ePsf] 5 . xfdL of] s'/f :ki6;“u / k"/} cg'ejsf ;fy eGg
;Sb5f}+ ls ljut …;+s6sfnÚdf olb k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qf / p;sf] zfxL ;]gfnfO{
cd]l/sL ;}Go ljz]if1x?sf] of]hgf, lgdf{0f, tflnd / lgb]{zgdf k|ToIf ;xeflutf
gePsf] eP tyf cd]l/sf nufot j}b]lzs k|lts[ofjfbL zlQmx?sf] cfly{s / kmf}hL
;xof]u k|fKt gu/]sf] eP g]kfndf ;8]un]sf] ;fdGtL ;Qf hgo'4sf cufl8 cfh;Dd l6Sg
;Dej lyPg .. ;fd|fHojfbsf] k|ToIf ;xof]u / lgb]{zgdf ;fdGtL ;Qfn]
;+s6sfnsf gfddf rnfPsf] eLif0f ;}lgs cTofrf/ / cft+ssf lj?4 ljleGg df]rf{df
p;nfO{ k/fhLt u/]/ jf:tljs cy{sf] /0fg}lts ;Gt'ng;Dd hgo'4sf] ljsf; x'g'n]
kf6L{sf] /fhg}lts Pjd\ kmf}hL sfo{lbzfsf] dxfg\ ljhonfO{ g} k|dfl0ft
ub{5 .
æzlQmzfnL k|ltqmflGtnfO{ hGd lb+b}Æ / æc;fwf/0f hl6n l:yltsf] l;h{gf
ub}{Æ cufl8 a9\g' dfS;{jfb—n]lggjfb—dfcf]jfbsf cg';f/ s'g} klg qmflGtsf] lgod
xf] . g]kfnL qmflGtsf] ljsf;sf] lgod Tof] eGbf aflx/ x'g ;Qm}g . cfh
g]kfnL hgo'4 /0fg}lts ;Gt'ngaf6 k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/Lsf] r/0fdf /x]sfn]
;fd|fHojfbL zlQm klg o;sf lj?4 cem eLif0f xdnfsf] tof/Ldf /x]sf] s'/fdf s'g}
z+sf 5}g . g]kfnL qmflGtsf ;Dk"0f{ hl6ntf, ;Defjgf / r'gf}tL oxL j:t'ut
l:yltsf cleJolQmx? x'g\ . ;}4flGts / /0fg}lts b[li6n] ;fd|fHojfb s=dfcf]n]
eg] em}+ sfuhL af3 g} xf] . t/, tfTsflns / sfo{g}lts b[li6n] pm dfG5]
vf“b} lx+8\g] ;f“Rr}sf] af3 klg xf] . O/fs o'4;Dd cfOk'Ubf ;fd|fHojfb
sfuhsf] af3 / ;f“Rr}sf] af3 b'j} k|dfl0ft eO/x]sf] 5 . /0fg}lts b[li6n]
O/fs o'4df ;fd|fHojfb ljZjel/sf hg;d'bfosf] lj/f]w, 3[0ff / cfqmf]zsf] s]Gb|
ag]sf]n] pm sfuhL ;flat ePsf] 5 . t/, tfTsflns ?kaf6 p;n] ckmuflg:tfg /
O/fssf hgtfsf] /ut lkO/x]sf] 5 / ljZjel/sf hgtflt/ cfºgf] /ut nTklQPsf] d'v
b]vfP/ ulh{/x]sf] 5, To;/L pm ;f“Rr}sf] af3 ag]sf] 5 . O/fs o'4n] ljZjel/
g} qmflGtsf/L kl/l:yltnfO{ cem kl/kSj cjZo agfPsf] 5, t}klg tTsfn ;j{xf/f
ju{sf] g]t[Tjdf qmflGtsf] nx/ eg] rln/x]sf] 5}g .. t/, g]kfndf eg]
qmflGtsf] ljsf; k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/Lsf] r/0f h:tf] cToGt ;+j]bgzLn r/0f;Dd
eO;s]sf] 5 . ljZj kl/l:yltsf] oxL /0fg}lts cg's"ntf Pjd\ tfTsflns
k|lts"ntf / b]zleqsf] /0fg}lts ;Gt'ngsf] l:yltdf g} kf6L{sf cfhsf
o'4–lj/fd, jftf{, /fhg}lts ljsf;nufotsf sfo{g}lts >[+vnfx? cfwfl/t /x]sf]
oyfy{nfO{ a'em\g h?/L 5 .
rLgdf
k"“hLjfbsf] k'g:yf{kgf;“u} ljZjdf Pp6f klg ;dfhjfbL ;Qf g/x]sf], j:t'ut
kl/l:ylt cg's"n aGb} uPsf] ePtf klg tTsfn ;j{xf/f ju{sf] g]t[Tjdf s'g}
zlQmzfnL qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf; eOg;s]sf], ljZj ;fd|fHojfb 3fOt] af3 em}+
pb08 eP/ htftt} hgtfdfly emD6b}+ lx+8]sf] cfhsf] kl/l:yltdf g]kfnh:tf] ;fgf] /
ljlzi6 e"–/fhg}lts cj:yfsf] b]zdf qmflGtnfO{ s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sAhf ug]{ :t/;Dd
ljhoL agfpg ;Dej 5 < cfh kf6L{sf cufl8 pkl:yt ePsf] of] ;jf{lws
dxŒjk"0f{ k|Zg xf] . of] k|Zgsf] ;d"lrt dfS;{jfbL—n]lggjfbL—dfcf]jfbL
pQ/df g} g]kfnL qmflGtsf] eljio lgwf{l/t x'g] 5 .
ljrf/wf/fTds / /fhg}lts sfo{lbzf ;xL jf unt x'g'n] ;a} s'/fsf] lgwf{/0f
ub{5 . lx+hf] zLto'4sf] cGtkl5 klZrdf ;fd|fHojfbn] j}rfl/s / ef}lts b'j}
cy{df æljhopT;jÆ dgfO/x]sf] tyf k]?sf] hgo'4n] ;d]t uDeL/ wSsf vfPsf] cToGt
k|lts"n cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltdf kf6L{n] hgo'4sf] P]ltxfl;s kxn u/]sf] tYo
oxf“ :d/0fLo 5 . b]zleq / aflx/sf tdfd k|lts[ofjfbL Pjd\ blIf0fk+yL
;+zf]wgjfbLx?n] hgo'4sf] of] kxnnfO{ j:t'ut kl/l:ylt lagfsf] …pu|k+yL e8\sfjÚ
eGb} s]xL dlxgfleq} ;vfk x'g] eljiojf0fL u/]sf lyP . t/, tL tdfd cf/f]k /
eljiojf0fLsf ljk/Lt &–jif{df hgo'4 cfhsf] r'gf}tLk"0f{ cj:yf;Dd ljsf;
ePsf] 5 . of] clåtLo ljsf;sf k5fl8 kf6L{sf] ;xL ljrf/, gLlt, of]hgf /
sfo{qmd /x]sf] s'/f :jtM :ki6 5 .
cfh ;fd|fHojfbL
x:tIf]k / /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbsf] ;fdgf ub}{ qmflGtnfO{ ljho;Dd 8f]¥ofpg] h'g
r'gf}tL v8f ePsf] 5 . cGttM of] klg ;xL ljrf/wf/fTds / /fhg}lts
sfo{lbzfsf] ljsf; ug]{ r'gf}tL g} xf] .. 7f]; j:t'sf] 7f]; ljZn]if0fsf
cfwf/df olb kf6L{n] gof“ kl/l:yltsf nflu j}rfl/s / /fhg}lts sfo{lbzfsf] ljsf;
ug{ c;kmn eP/ h8;'qjfb jf cg'ejjfbsf] lzsf/ eof] eg] qmflGtnfO{ ljho;Dd
8f]¥ofpg c;+ej x'g]5 .. clxn]sf] ljZj kl/l:yltaf6 qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngdf
b]vfkg{ ;Sg] tLg k|sf/sf ljrngsf af/] oxf“ rrf{ ug{ cfjZos 5 .
b'Zdgsf]
zlQmnfO{ clwd"NofÍg / hgtfsf] zlQmnfO{ cjd"Nog ug]{ blIf0fk+yL
cfTd;dk{0fjfbL ljrng cfhsf] ;Gbe{df qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngleq b]vf kg{ ;Sg] klxnf]
/ d'Vo vt/f /x]sf] s'/fdf kf6L{ :ki6 x'g cfjZos 5 . o;k|sf/sf] ljrngn]
o'4–lj/fdnfO{ lg/k]If zflGtsf] cy{df u|x0f ug]{, jftf{ k|lqmofnfO{ b'Zdgsf lj?4
;+3if{sf] csf]{ df]rf{sf ?kdf glnP/ h;/L klg ;+emf}tf ug]{ cy{df u|x0f ug]{,
hg;]gfsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f / hg;d'bfonfO{ uf]naGb ug]{ k|d'v / si6;fWo sfdk|lt c?rL /
b'Zdgsf ljleGg u'6x?;“usf] s'6g}lts ;xsfo{ / To;sf] kl/0ffdk|lt cgfjZos
cfzfjflbtf k|s6 ug]{, ljZj kl/l:ylt / To;sf] bafjnfO{ b]vfP/ kf6L{sf /0fg}lts
nIonfO{ sfo{g}lts l;h{gzLntfsf gfddf kl/Tofu ug{ p4t /xg], ljrf/ / g]t[Tjsf]
ljsf;df eGbf oyfl:yltdf rSs/ sf6\g /dfpg], o'4–lj/fd e+u u/]/ qmflGtnfO{ cufl8
a9fpg'nfO{ cfTd3ft ;Demg] cflb h:tf ljljw?kdf cleJoQm x'g ;Sb5 .
pk/f]Qm
ljrngsf] 7Ls ljk/Lt csf]{ ljrng b'Zdgsf] zlQmnfO{ cjd"Nog / hgtfsf]
zlQmnfO{ clwd"NofÍg ug]{ …jfdk+yLÚ b':;fx;jfbL ljrngsf ?kdf b]vf kg{
;Sb5 . o;k|sf/sf] ljrngn] o'4–lj/fd / jftf{ k|lqmofnfO{ cgfjZos /
cf}lrToxLg s;/t b]Vg], /0fg}lts nIok|lt b[9tfsf gfddf qmflGtsf] ljsf;n] k}bf
u/]sf hl6ntfx?sf] ;fdgf ug{ cfjZos sfo{g}lts w'dw'dfpnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug]{, b'Zdgsf
aLrsf] cGt/lj/f]wsf] klxrfg / kl/rfngnfO{ cj;/jfb b]Vg] tyf l;w} cufl8 a9]/ dfq
qmflGt ;DkGg ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] Psf]xf]/f] ;f+]r /fVg], kf6L{sf ljrf/, gLlt, of]hgf
/ sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/ ljsf; ug'{kg]{ si6 ;fWo sfdsf ?kdf eGbf k"j{
;+Zn]lift ljrf/, gLlt, of]hgf / sfo{qmdnfO{ k"0f{tfsf] h8 cy{df u|x0f ug]{
cflb h:tf ljljw?kdf cleJoQm x'g ;Sb5 .
kf6L{n]
pk/f]Qm b'O{ k/:k/ ljk/Lt b]lvg] ljrngsf ;fy} csf]{ ljrng csd{0otfjfb /
knfogjfbsf ?kdf klg b]vf kg{ ;Sb5 . of] k|sf/sf] ljrngn] blIf0fk+yL
…jfdÚk+yL / qmflGtsf/L s'g} klg lbzfdf cfkm"nfO{ b[9tfk"j{sdf pEofpg
;Qm}g .. cGttM knfogjfb o;sf] uGtJo x'g k'Ub5 . kf6L{ o;k|sf/sf
ljrngsf lj?4 df=n]=df= / k|r08kysf cfwf/df lg/Gt/ ljrf/wf/fTds ;+3if{ cufl8
a9fpg hf]8 lbG5 . /0fg}lts b[9tf / sfo{g}lts nrstfsf] kf6L{sf] :yflkt
ljrf/nfO{ gof“ kl/l:yltsf] dfucg';f/ csf]{ gof“ p“rfOdf p7fpg cfjZos 7fGb5 .
g]kfnL hgo'4sf] ljho g blIf0fk+yL cfTd;dk{0fjfbLn] ;f]+Rf]h:tf] c;+ej 5, g
jfdk+yL b':;fx;jfbLx? ;f]+r] h:tf] ;Lwf / ;/n g} x'g]5 .
ckmuflg:tfg
/ d'VotM O/fs o'4kl5 lglZrt?kn] ljZj ;fd|fHojfbsf ;fy} o'4–lj/f]wL ljZj hgdt
-sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf/Lx? ;d]t_sf] cf“vf g]kfndf ljz]if?kn] s]lGb|t x'“b} uPsf] 5
/ efjL lbgdf cem s]lGb|t x'“b} hfg]5 . t];|f] ljZjsf s'g} klg wfld{s
s§/tfjfbL zf;s jf u'6 jf k|lts[ofjfbL tfgfzfxx?n] ;fd|fHofjfbL ;}Go x:tIf]ksf
lj?4 jf:tljs k|lt/f]w ug{ g;Sg] tYo O/fs o'4;Dd cfp“bf cem :ki6 eO;s]sf]
5 . o;sf k5fl8 tLg k|d'v sf/0f /x]sf] s'/fdf xfdL :ki6 x'g' kb{5 ..
klxnf], To;k|sf/sf k|lts[ofjfbL zf;sx? cfºg} hg;d'bfoaf6 cnu—ynu /x]sf x'G5g\ /
k|lt/f]w o'4df hg;d'bfosf] ;lqmo kxnsbdLsf] c;Lldt phf{nfO{ ;+ul7t ug{ c;kmn
x'G5g\ . bf];|f], To;k|sf/sf zf;sx?n] k|of]u ug]{ o'4z}nL ;fd|fHojfbL
o'4z}nL g} x'g] ub{5 h'g z}nLdf cltdxfzlQm ;fd|fHojfb xhf/f}+ u'0ff alnof] x'g]
ePsf]n] t];|f] ljZjsf zf;s jf wfld{s s§/jfbL u'6x? o'4df nfdf] ;do l6Sg ;+ej g}
x'“b}g . t];|f], ;fd|fHojfbL o'4sf] lj/f]wdf /x“bf/x“b} klg To;k|sf/sf
k|lts[ofjfbL zf;s jf wfld{s s§/tfjfbL u'6sf kIfdf ljZj hgdt k"/} zlQmsf
;fy / lg/Gt/ cfGbf]lnt x'g c;+ej x'G5 .
lglZrt 5 ls
g]kfnL hgo'4sf ;Gbe{df To;k|sf/sf] l:ylt cfwf/e"t ?kn] g} km/s
x'g]5 . df=n]=df= sf ;fj{ef}d l;4fGt / Oltxf;sf cg'ejåf/f csf6\o ?kdf
k|dfl0ft tYo xf] ls ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 hgo'4sf] ljlwåf/f dfq ;kmntf xfl;n ug{
;+ej 5 .. cfh ljZj hgdt ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 k'gM cfGbf]lnt eO/x]sf] ;Gbe{df
g]kfnL hgo'4n] ljZj qmflGtsf] gof“ nx/ ;[li6 ug]{ ljZj P]ltxfl;s dxŒjsf] e"ldsf
v]Ng;Sg] ;Defjgf k|jn aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 . olb g]kfnL hgo'4n] blIf0fk+yL
cfTd;dk{0fjfb jf jfdk+yL b':;fx;jfbsf] lzsf/ eP/ of] jf Tof] ?kdf wSsf vfg
k'u]df To;n] ljZj qmflGtsf] ljsf;df g} 7"nf] gsf/fTds e"ldsf
v]Ng]5 . &–jif{sf] hjh{:t ljho cleofg / /0fg}lts ;Gt'ngsf] cfhsf]
cj:yfsf sf/0f ;fd|fHojfbL b'Zdg hgo'4sf lj?4 gof“ gof“ /0fgLlt ckgfpg afWo
eO/x]sf 5g\ . OG8f]g]lzof, lrnL, leotgfd, lgsf/fu'cf / kl5Nnf] k]?sf]
cg'ej ;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut u/L ;fd|fHojfbn] g]kfnL hgo'4nfO{ ;vfk kfg]{ v'nf / 5b\d
/0fgLltsf] ljsf; ug]{ hdsf]{ ul//x]sf] 5 . tLdWo] ;a}eGbf k|efjsf/L pkfosf
?kdf cft+sjfbsf] cf/f]k :yflkt u/L eLif0f kmf}hL xdnfsf] tof/L ug'{ g} /x]sf]
5 . of] l:yltdf g]kfnL hgo'4sf]
efjL ljsf; Tolt ;xh / ;/n eg] cjZo x'g] 5}g . t/, ;xL /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltsf
cfwf/df cufl8 a9\b} hf“bf o;n] ljZj hgdtnfO{ cfGbf]lnt ub}{ / ;fd|fHojfbnfO{
ysfp“b} qmflGtnfO{ ljho;Dd 8f]¥ofpg k"/} ;Dej 5 . o;sf nflu lgZro g}
kf6L{n] sfo{gLltdf y'k|} km]/abn, 3'DtL / ptf/–r9fjx? kf/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
oxf“ d'Vo k|Zg @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] qmflGtsf] em08fnfO{ em'Sg glbg] /0fg}lts
k|lta4tfdf b[9 /xg] xf] . cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfbLsf] ljk/Lt / j}slNks w|'jsf] ?kdf hgo'4sf] /0fgLltnfO{ :yflkt ug'{ /
To;sf nflu 7f]; kl/l:yltsf] 7f]; ljZn]if0f ub}{ cfjZostfcg';f/ cl3, kl5 / bfof“,
afof“ x'“b} cufl8 a9\g h?/L kb{5, o; ;Gbe{df kf6L{n] lgDg s'/fx?df ljz]if Wofg
lbg cfjZos 5 .
;j{xf/f
cGt/f{li6«otfjfbsf] dxfg\ l;4fGtk|lt b[9 /x“b} ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{;“u kf6L{sf]
;DaGwnfO{ cem 7f]; / Jofks agfpg hf]8 ug{ cfjZos 5 . ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4sf]
n8fO{df cGt/f{li6«o ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ;fd"lxs k|oTg lagf s'g} vf; b]zsf]
qmflGtsf] ljho ljz]if?kn] c;Dej ePsf] cfhsf] ljZjdf kf6L{n] To;sf nflu l/ddfkm{t
ljZjel/sf ;j{xf/fjfbL qmflGtsf/L;“usf] ;DaGwnfO{ ;hLj / cfGbf]ngo'Qm t'Nofpg
cem kxn a9fpg cfjZos 5 . cGt/f{li6«o ;j{xf/fju{;“usf] ;DaGw / p;sf] ;fd"lxs
k|oTgdf ;+ul7t / cfGbf]lnt ?k lbg] s'/fnfO{ kf6L{n] klxnf] k|fyldstf lbg cfjZos
5 .
;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 ljZjJofkL ?kdf ljsl;t x“'b} uPsf] hgdt;“u g]kfnL
qmflGtnfO{ hf]8\g] k|Zg kf6L{sf cufl8 pkl:yt dxŒjk"0f{ k|Zg xf] .
kf6L{sf] clxn];Ddsf] ultljlwn] ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL ljZj hgdt;“u g]kfnL
qmflGtnfO{ hf]8\gsf nflu /fd|f] j}rfl/s / /fhg}lts cfwf/ cjZo tof/ ePsf]
5 . kf6L{ / cGt/f{li6«o ;j{xf/f
ju{sf] ;fd"lxs / of]hgfa4 kxn;lxt Tof] ;DaGwnfO{ ;hLj, ;+ul7t /
cfGbf]ngo'Qm t'Nofpg hf]8 lbg' cfjZos 5 .
pk/f]Qm
b'O{ d"ne"t ;DaGwnfO{ ljsl;t ug]{ k|of;;“u} cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb;“u
cGt/lj/f]w /fVg] cGo ljleGg ;fd|fHojfbL / k|lts[ofjfbL zlQmx?nfO{ pkof]u ug]{
k|oTg a9fpg' kb{5 . oxf“ :ki6 x'g' ;j{xf/f ju{ / ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL ljZj
hgdt;“usf] ;DaGwnfO{ k|fyldstf;lxt dha't t'Nofpg] k|oTgsf] ljsf;sf] ;fk]Iftfdf
g} cGt/ ;fd|fHojfbL / cGt/ k|lts[ofjfbL cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ pkof]u ug]{ kf6L{sf]
Ifdtfdf j[l4 x'g]5 .
o;/L dfq
xfdLn] ljZj qmflGtnfO{ ;]jf ug]{ tyf g]kfnL qmflGtnfO{ 8f]¥ofpg] cfºgf] P]ltxfl;s
bfloTjnfO{ k"/f ug{ ;Sg] 5f}+ .
jt{dfg 3/]n' kl/l:yltaf/]
b]zsf]
jt{dfg /fhg}lts l:ylt ;+qmd0fsfnLg ;+s6sf] cj:yfaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 .
u[xo'4df /0fg}lts ;Gt'ngsf] ljz]if cj:yf, hg;d'bfosf] zflGtsf] cfsf+IFf /
j}b]lzs zlQms]Gb|x?sf] a9\bf] rnv]n / x:tIf]k ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L xfd|f] kf6L{n]
cToGt uDeL/tf, lhDd]jf/L / nrstfk"j{s o'4–lj/fd / jftf{ k|lqmofdf ;dfj]z
eO{ zflGtk"0f{ 9+un] cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;sf nflu k|oTg ub}{ cfPsf]
5 . hgtf / hgo'4sf] Jofks bafjsf sf/0f cGt/f{li6«o zlQms]Gb| Pjd\ pgsf
g]kfnL bnfnx?n] cf}krfl/s ?kdf o'4–lj/fd / jftf{ k|lqmofnfO{ :jfut u/]sf] b]vfP
klg jf:tljs cy{df o'4–lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff;“u} o;sf lj?4 if8oGqsf] klg z'?jft
ul/of] . o'4–lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ffb]lv g} zfxL ;]gf ;d]t k'/fgf] ;QfkIfåf/f
ul/Psf bdg, w/ks8 / xTof k|lqmofnfO{ hf/L /fVb} cufl8 a9fO/x]sf] ;}Go
;'b[9Ls/0fsf] cleofg tyf ljleGg k|lts[ofjfbL ;+;bLo u'6x?åf/f ul/Psf] tyf slyt
dfcf]jfbL / b/af/sf aLrsf] uf]Ko ;f“7uf“7sf] ;'lgof]lht k|rf/afhLn] To;k|sf/sf]
if8oGqnfO{ :ki6 ;+s]t ul//x]sf] lyof] . xfd|f] kf6L{n] k|f/Deb]lv g} ;a}
k|sf/sf if8oGqx?sf] e08fkmf]/ ub}{ b]z / hgtfsf] cfjZostf / cfsf+Iffcg';f/
o'4–lj/fd / jftf{nfO{ ;kmn kfg{ hf]8 lb+b} cfPsf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df xfd|f] OdfGbf/L, uDeL/tf / lhDd]jf/Laf]w
jftf{ 6f]nLsf] u7gb]lv ;fx;k"j{s / ;fj{hlgs ?kn] ul/Psf ljleGg /fhg}lts
zlQm, af}l4s JolQmTj, kqsf/ Pj+ hg;d'bfo;“usf] uxg 5nkmn, cGt/lqmofåf/f dfq
xf]Og ;QfkIf;“usf cf}krfl/s jftf{df xfdLn] k|:t't u/]sf sfo{;"rL /
c8fgx?n] ;d]t /fd|f];“u k|dfl0ft u/]sf 5g\ .
t/,
xfd|f] /fhg}lts cfr/0f / zflGtk"0f{ /fhg}lts lgsf;k|ltsf] xfd|f] k|lta4tf
k|lt u|fdL0f dfq xf]Og zx/Lof dWod juL{o hg;d'bfo ;d]t hlt Jofks ?kn] :ki6 /
cfslif{t x'“b} uPsf] l:ylt b]vf kg{ yfNof], TolQ g} dfqfdf j}b]lzs k|lts[ofjfb
/ pgsf g]kfnL bnfnx?sf] if8\oGqsf] dfqf klg a9\b} uPsf] tYo :ki6 b]Vg ;lsG5 .
cf}krfl/s jftf{s} d'vdf cfP/ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb / k'/fgf] ;Qfsf aLrdf ePsf]
tyfslyt cft+sjfbsf lj?4sf] kf“r jif]{ ;dembf/L, ef/tLo :yn ;]gfWoIfåf/f
…cft+sjfbsf lj?4Ú n8\g k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ lbOPsf] / lbOg] #)) s/f]8 d"No
a/fa/sf] o'4 ;fdu|Lsf] ;fj{hlgs 3f]if0ff tyf kl5Nnf] r/0fdf cd]l/sL ljb]z
dGqfnoåf/f dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o cft+sjfbsf] ;"rLdf /fVg]
;fj{hlgs 3f]if0ff, g]kfnl:yt cd]l/sL /fhb"tåf/f v'n]cfd lbOg] u/]sf] wDsL,
zfxL ;]gfsf s[ofsnfk / ;fj{hlgs cleJolQmx? tyf k|d'v ;+;bjfbL bnx?sf e|fds
k|rf/jfhLx?n] Tof] s'/fnfO{ k"/} :ki6 ub{5g\ .
o'4–lj/fdb]lv
clxn];Ddsf] /fhg}lts ljsf;qmdn] :ki6 u/]sf] 5 ls uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ /
;+ljwfg ;efdfkm{t cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf; vf]Hg] xfd|f] Go"gtd / ;j{dfGo
x'g'kg]{ k|:tfjnfO{ lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] ;kgf b]Vg] b/afl/of tTjx?n] dfq xf]Og
;+;bLo k|hftGqsf] /fu cnfKg] k|d'v ;+;bjfbL u'6x?n] ;d]t c:jLsf/ ul//x]sf
5g\ . j:t'tM of] c:jLs[ltn] pgLx? b]zdf g jf:tljs cy{sf] zflGt, g jf:tljs
/fhg}lts lgsf; g} rfxG5g\ eGg] s'/f dfq k|dfl0ft eO/x]sf] 5 . ?kkIfdf
x]bf{ lg/+s'z /fhtGqjfbL, ;+;bjfbL / qmflGtsf/L zlQmsf aLrdf lqsf]0ffTds ;+3if{
rn]sf] b]lvg] /fhg}lts kl/b[Zosf] juL{o
;f/tTjdf uP/ x]bf{ b'O{ kIf -k|lts[ofjfbL / hgjfbL jf k|hftflGqs zlQm_ sf
aLrsf] ;+3if{dfq b]vf kb{5 . lg/+s'z /fhtGqjfbL Pjd\ ;+;bjfbL u'6sf aLrsf]
cGt/ k|lts[ofjfbL k'/fgf] ;Qfdf c+zj08fsf] emu8f afx]s c? s]xL gePsf] s'/f
Jojxf/tM k|dfl0ft eO/x]sf] 5 . b/afl/ofx? /fli6«otf -gSsnL_ / ;+;bjfbLx?
k|hftGq -gSsnL_sf] gfddf ;Qfdf a;]/ b]z / hgtfdfly Pp6} juL{o k|s[ltsf] 3ft ug{
rfxG5g\ eGg] s'/f g]kfndf k6s–k6s k|dfl0ft eO/x]sf] 5 . b]zsf] jt{dfg
;+s6k"0f{ l:ylt / xfd|f] uDeL/ kxnsf afjh"b ;+ljwfg ;ef h:tf] a'h'{jf
k|hftflGqs ljlwdf cfpg OGsf/ ug'{n] pgLx?sf] /fli6«otf / k|hftGqsf] gf/f slt
vf]qmf] / kfv08L 5 eGg] s'/f Ps k6s km]l/ Jofks?kdf k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 .
o;af6 /fli6«otf / k|hftGq a'h'{jf hgjfbL qmflGtsf Ps csf{af6 cnu ug]{ g;lsg]
cjoj x'g\ eGg] xfd|f] gLltsf] j}1flgstf emg\ :ki6 ePsf] 5 .
juL{o /
;}4flGts ?kn] xfdLn] eGb} cfPsf] tyf clxn]sf] o'4–lj/fd / jftf{ k|lqmofsf
;Gbe{df ljz]if ?kn] s'g s'/f pbf¨f] ePsf] 5 eg] oyfy{df g]kfnsf ljleGg
k|lts[ofjfbL u'6x?sf aLrsf] cfk;L lvrftfgL, slr¨n / cGt/lj/f]wsf k5fl8 ljleGg
cGt/f{li6«o k|lts[ofjfbL zlQm s]Gb|x?sf] cfk;L :jfy{sf] 6Ss/n] sfd ul//x]sf]
5 . zfxL ;]gf / b/afl/of tTjx?nfO{ klZrdf ;fd|fHojfb d'VotM cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfb / k|d'v ;+;bjfbL u'6x?nfO{ blIf0f Plzofdf cfºgf] ljz]if k|e'Tj
vf]Hg] ef/tLo zf;sx?n] ;~rfng / ;+/If0f ul//x]sfn] pgLx?sf aLrdf lg/Gt/
lvrftfgL rln/xg] u/]sf] 5 . ctM l;+uf] kf6L{ cem :ki6 x'g h?/L 5 ls
b/afl/of / g]kfnsf ;+;bjfbLx? s;}nfO{ klg Ps csf{sf t'ngfdf k|hftflGqs jf
/fi6«jfbL b]Vg] ;f+]r b/af/ xTofsf08kl5sf] /fhg}lts ljsf;sf ;Gbe{df cem
ljz]if?kn] unt / xflgsf/s x'g k'u]sf] 5 . s'g vf; l:yltdf cGt/lj/f]wnfO{
s'g lsl;dn] ;+rfng ug]{ eGg] afx]s b/afl/of / ;+;bjfbL u'6x?sf ;Gbe{df xfd|f]
s'g} ;}4flGts / /fhg}lts ;DaGw x'g g;Sg] s'/f cfhsf] g]kfndf emg\ :ki6 eO/x]sf]
5 . 36gfqmdn] :ki6 ul//x]sf] 5 ls b/afl/ofx? zflGtjftf{sf gfddf xfdLnfO{
pkof]u u/L cfºgf] ;Qf ;'b[9 ug]{ /
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] cf8df xfd|f] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;vfk kfg]{ /0fgLltcGtu{t g}
cufl8 al9/x]sf 5g\ eg] k|d'v ;+;bjfbL u'6x? k|ltudgsf lj?4 ;+3if{sf gfddf xfdLnfO{ pkof]u u/L k'/fg} ;Qfsf] s';L{df
k'u]/ j}b]lzs k|lts[ofjfbs} cf8df xfd|} cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;vfk kfg]{ /0fgLltcGtu{t
cufl8 al9/x]sf 5g\ . of] l:yltdf pgLx?sf] /0fg}lts if8oGqsf] e08fkmf]/
ub}{ hg;d'bfonfO{ Jofks?kdf uf]naGb ug'{ tyf k|lts[ofjfbLx?sf aLrsf]
cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ pkof]u ub}{ hgqmflGtnfO{ gof“ p“rfOdf p7fpg hf]8 ug'{ afx]s
qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] csf]{ /0fgLlt x'g} ;Qm}g .
s]
cGt/f{li6«o zlQm Pj+ b]zsf k|lts[ofjfbL tTjx?sf] o;k|sf/sf] if8oGqk"0f{
/j}ofn] o'4–lj/fd, jftf{ / zflGtk"0f{ /fhg}lts lgsf;k|ltsf] xfd|f] uDeL/ /
lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ kxnsbdLsf] cf}lrTonfO{
;dfKt ub{5 < sltko
dflg;x?nfO{ To:tf] nfUg klg ;Sb5 . t/, jf:tljs / j}1flgs cy{df
b'Zdgsf oL if8\oGqx?n] xfd|f] of] kxnsf] cf}lrTonfO{ emg\ Jofks?kn] k|dfl0ft
ub{5g\ . ;j{k|ydM xfd|f] of] kxnn] u|fdL0f dfq, zx/Lof hg;d'bfo / b]zleq
dfq xf]Og pNn]vgLo xb;Dd ljZjel/sf hg;d'bfo;Dd xfd|f] cfGbf]ngsf] /fhg}lts
>]i7tf :yflkt ug{ ;fd|fHojfb Pjd\ p;sf bnfnx?sf] ;}Go kmfl;jfbL lgs[i6tfnfO{
g¨ofpg dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 . cem 7f]; ?kdf eGg'' kbf{
jftf{ / /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] uDeL/ kxn eO/x]sf] a]nf cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbåf/f
ul/Psf] o'4 pGdfbL / cGofok"0f{ x:tIf]kn] zxl/of af}l4s ;d'bfob]lv cfd hgtf;Dd
/ ljZjel/sf k|ultzLn hg;d'bfosf] gh/af6 ;d]t Ps}rf]6L cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb / p;sf
g]kfnL bnfnx? g/fd|f];“u lug{ k'u]sf 5g . o;n] efjL k|Tofqmd0fsf nflu
7"nf] /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o /fhg}lts tof/Lsf] e"ldsf v]Ng] s'/fnfO{
xfdLn] uDeL/tfk"j{s cfTd;ft ug'{kb{5 . bf];|f] s'/f, xfd|f] of] kxn /
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] gf+¨f] x:tIf]kn] kf6L{sf cufl8 cGt/ ;fd|fHojfbL Pjd\
ljleGg b]zsf k|ltlqmofjfbL zf;sx?sf aLrsf] cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ pkof]u ug]{
;DefjgfnfO{ w]/} xb;Dd a9fOlbPsf] 5 . t];|f] s'/f, xfd|f] kxn / b'Zdgsf] gf¨f]
if8\oGqn] b]zsf ljleGg k|ltlqmofjfbL Pjd\ ;+zf]wgjfbL u'6x?leq cfk;L
cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ Jofks ?kn] rsf{P/ ;txdf Nofpg] sfd u/]sf] 5 . o;af6
k|ltlqmofjfbL Pj+ ;+zf]]wgjfbL u'6x?sf] e|ddf /x]sf sfo{stf{ / hgtfsf] tKsfnfO{
:ki6 kfg{ /fd|f] cj;/ k|fKt eO/x]sf] 5 . jftf{ klg Pp6f ;+3{ifsf] df]rf{
xf] eGg] kf6L{sf] d"n ;}4flGts dfGotfcg';f/ xfdLn] o;nfO{ cGt;Dd / Pp6f
tfls{s lgisif{;Dd k'¥ofpg hf]8 ug'{ kb{5 . t/, of] sfo{gLlt k|Tofqmd0fsf]
/fhg}lts tof/Lsf] /0fgLlts;“u cleGg ?kn] uf“l;Psf] oyfy{nfO{ xfdLn] bx|f];“u
kS8g} kb{5 . cGtdf /0fg}lts / juL{o b[li6n] b/afl/of Pjd\ k|d'v ;+;bjfbL
g]t[Tju'6x?sf af/]df pk/f]Qm ljZn]if0fdf :ki6 x'“b} tfTsflns / sfo{g}lts
b[li6n] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb / p;sf] g]kfnL bnfn ag]sf] b/af/sf lj?4 hxf“;Dd
cufl8 hfg tof/ x'G5g\ Toxf“;Dd cGo ;fd|fHojfbL, j}b]lzs k|lts[ofjfbL Pjd\
b]zleqsf k|d'v ;+;bjfbLx?;“u cfjZos tfnd]n, ;dembf/L / sfo{ut Pstf ug{ Wofg
lbg' kb{5 . o;/L g} xfdLn] d'Vo b'Zdgsf lj?4 cfqmd0fnfO{ k|efjsf/L 9+un]
cufl8 a9fpg ;Sg] 5f}+ .
Oltxf;sf cg'ej / @!cf}+ ztfAbLdf hgjfbsf] ljsf;af/]
"Marxism is not a lifeless dogma, not a completed, readymade immutable
doctrine, but a living guide to action"
-Lenin
qmflGt
/ k|ltqmflGtsf k|r"/ cg'ejx?åf/f ;Dj[4 ljZj ;j{xf/f cfGbf]ngsf] j}1flgs
;+Zn]if0f ub}{ lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] lbzfdf cufl8 a9\g' dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf
lzIffsf] d"ne"t ;f/tTj xf] . xfd|f] kf6L{n] g]kfndf ;fdGtjfb /
;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 hgjfbL qmflGtnfO{ g]t[Tj k|bfg ug]{ ;Gbe{df k|f/Deb]lv g}
df=n]=df sf lzIffnfO{ h8;"qsf ?kdf xf]Og æsfdsf] ;hLj dfu{ bz{sÆsf ?kdf
l;h{gfTds k|of]u / ljsf; ug]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lb+b} cfPsf] 5 . g]kfnL
qmflGtsf] 7f]; kl/l:yltcg';f/ df=n]=df sf lzIffx?sf] k|of]u / ljsf; ug]{ of]]
dxfg\ k|lqmofdf xfdLn] blIf0fk+yL ;+zf]wgjfbsf ;fy} h8\;"qLo ;+zf]wgjfbsf
lj?4 ;d]t lg/Gt/ ;+3if{ ub}{ cfPsf 5f}+ . ju{ ;+3if{sf] cfjZostf;“u cleGg
?kn] uf“l;Psf] ljrf/wf/fTds ;+3if{sf] k|lqmofn] dxfg\ hgo'4sf] ljsf;nfO{ Pskl5
csf]{ 5nf¨ xfGb} &–jif{sf] cjlwdf ljsf;sf] cfhsf] r/0f;Dd NofOk'¥ofPsf]
5 . ju{ ;+3if{ / ljrf/wf/fTds ;+3if{sf] oxL ljsf; k|lqmofn] g} g]kfnL
qmflGtsf] ljlzi6 ljrf/ >[+vnfsf ?kdf æk|r08kyÆsf] cfljisf/ ePsf] ;+Zn]if0f
kf6L{n] ul/;s]sf] 5 .
oxf“ s'g s'/f ljz]if ?kn] dxŒjk"0f{ 5 eg] kf6L{n] cfºgf]
;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s ;+3if{sf] k|:yfg laGb', ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] lj1fgsf] ;jf]{Rr
;+Zn]if0fsf ?kdf dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] ljsf; ug]{, dxfg\ ;j{xf/f
;f+:s[lts qmflGtnfO{ agfp“b} cfPsf] 5 . o;sf] cy{ k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sg]
;}4flGts cfwf/sf ?kdf ;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTjcGtu{t lg/Gt/ qmflGtnfO{ cfTd;ft
ug'{ tyf kf6L{sf] lg/Gt/ ;j{xf/fs/0fsf lgldQ …tLg u/ / tLg gu/Úsf] ;}4flGts
dfGotfsf cfwf/df j}rfl/s ;+3if{nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg' xf] . oL d"ne"t
;}4flGts dfGotfaf6 s'g} klg ljrng, ;j{xf/f cfGbf]ngaf6 ljrng x'g] s'/fdf xfd|f]
kf6L{ b[9 /x“b} cfPsf] 5 . t/, o;sf] cy{ @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] qmflGtsf
cfjZostfsf ;Gbe{df algagfp / k"0f{ pQ/sf] h8 cy{df o;nfO{ u|x0f ul/of] eg]
Tof] cfkm}df df=n]=df= / ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf lzIff ljk/Lt x'g] s'/f :jtM
:ki6 5 .
dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts qmflGt;Ddsf] ;+Zn]if0fn] ljZj
;j{xf/f ju{nfO{ df=n]=df= sf] ;}4flGts xltof/n] n}z cjZo u/fPsf] 5 . t/,
s= dfcf]sf] d[To'kl5 rLgdf k"“hLjfbsf] k"g:yf{kgf eof] / b'lgof“df
Pp6f klg ;dfhjfbL ;Qf af“sL /x]g . o;af6 ljZj ;j{xf/f cfGbf]ngn] Jof]xf]/]sf]
Pp6f 7"nf] wSsf / ljZj kl/l:yltdf cfPsf] Pp6f 7"nf] gsf/fTds
kl/jt{gnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug'{ dgf]ut ljrng dfq x'g]5 . j:t'ut?kn] ;fd|fHojfb /
;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] o'u tyf qmflGt g} ljZjsf] d"n k|j[lQ /x]sf] oyfy{df s'g}
kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5}g . o;sf] cy{ ;Qfsf] ;+3if{df rLgdf k|ltqmflGt;Dd cfp“bf
;j{xf/f ju{n] 7"nf] cfTdut k/fho ef]Ug' k/]sf] oyfy{nfO{ cjd"Nog ug'{
tyf tL k/fhox?af6 lzIff lnP/ efjL lbgdf k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg] tof/LnfO{
uDeL/tfk"j{s glng] eGg] s'/f x'g ;Qm}g . cfhsf] ljZjqmflGt Pj+ s'g}
lglZrt b]zsf] qmflGtsf ;Gbe{df ;j{xf/f ju{sf] /fhg}lts cu|b:tfsf cufl8 Pp6f
7"nf] k|Zgsf ?kdf o;sf] hjfkm lbg] cfjZostf 68\sf/f] /x]sf] 5 .
To;}u/L @!cf}+ ztfAbLdf k|j]z;“u} ljZjdf lj1fg / k|ljlw
d'VotM On]S6«f]lgs ;"rgf k|ljlwdf ce"tk"j{ tLj|tfsf ;fy ljsf;
ePsf] 5 . of] cb\e"t ljsf;n] h;/L ljZjnfO{ ljljw?kdf k|efljt kf/]sf]
5, To;n] clgjfo{?kdf ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] /fhg}lts / kmf}hL /0fgLltdf kl/dfh{g /
ljsf;sf] dfu ul//x]sf] 5 . ljZjsf] s'g} klg s'gfdf x'g] s'g} ;sf/fTds jf
gsf/fTds kl/36gfsf] ljZjJofkL?kdf x'g] cfhsf] h:tf] tLj|, 3gLe"t Pj+
k|ToIf ;+j]bgfTds k|efj dfgj hfltsf] Oltxf;df klxnf slxNo} kg]{ u/]sf]
lyPg .
o;/L k|ltqmflGtsf cg'ejx?n] xfdLnfO{ ljut qmflGtdf /xg uPsf
;Ldf / sdhf]/Laf6 lzIff lng k|]l/t ub{5g\ eg] lj1fg k|ljlwdf ePsf] ljsf;n]
xfdLnfO{ qmflGtsf /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltdf l;h{gfTds ljsf; ug{ k|]l/t
ub{5g\ .. dfgj ;dfhsf] o'uLg ljsf;sf b[li6n] cfh klg ljZj ;fd|fHojfb /
;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] o'udf g} /x]sf] ePtf klg cfTdut / j:t'ut kl/l:yltdf cfPsf
pk/f]Qm dxŒjk"0f{ kl/jt{gx?n] cfhsf] ;j{xf/fsf cufl8 7f]; kl/l:yltsf] 7f];
ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df cfºgf ljrf/ / /0fgLltx?nfO{ ljsf; / kl/dfh{g ug'{kg]{
cfjZostf pkl:yt ePsf] 5 .
Oltxf;sf cg'ej, jt{dfg ljZj kl/l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f Pj+ g]kfnL
hgo'4sf kf“r jif{sf ;hLj cg'ej ;d]tsf cfwf/df kf6L{sf] bf];|f] P]ltxfl;s
/fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] s}of}+ dxŒjk"0f{ /fhg}lts Pjd\ kmf}hL ;+Zn]if0f u/]sf]
5 .. Tof] ;+Zn]lift ljrf/sf] ;f“9] b'O{ jif{df ePsf] 3gLe"t k|of;åf/f
hgo'4sf] ljsf;df k|fKt u'0ffTds ;kmntfn] To;sf] j}1flgstf dfq k|dfl0ft ePsf]
5}g clkt' cem pRr j}rfl/s, /fhg}lts / kmf}hL ;+Zn]if0fsf lgldQ dha't cfwf/ ;d]t
tof/ ePsf] 5 .. bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngb]lv cfh;Ddsf] g]kfnL ju{;+3if{sf]
ljsf; Pj+ !! ;]K6]Da/b]lv O/fs o'4;Dd ljsf; ePsf] ljZj kl/l:yltsf cfwf/df
hgjfbL qmflGtsf] /0fgLltdf ljsf; / kl/dfh{g cfjZos 5 . o; ;Gbe{df kf6L{,
;]gf, ;Qf / hg;d'bfosf] ;DaGwaf/] lgDg s'/fx? ljz]if?kn] ljrf/0fLo /x]sf
5g\ .
!= kf6L{ M—
@) cf}+ ztfAbLsf qmflGt / k|ltqmflGtsf cg'ejx?åf/f s'g s'/f
lgs} lgd{d 9+un] k|blz{t ePsf] 5 eg] /fHo;Qf sAhf ul/;s]kl5sf] cj:yfdf kf6L{sf]
;j{xf/f juL{o qmflGtsf/L rl/qsf] /Iff / ljsf; ug]{ sfd c;fwf/0f?kn] s7Lg x'g
hfG5 .. qmflGtsfndf kf6L{leq / aflx/ bfof“, afof“ / dWok+yL ljrngsf lj?4
lgd{d ljrf/fTds ;+3if{ ub}{, hg;d'bfosf cfjZostf / lxt;“u Psfsf/ x“'+b} tyf
b'Zdgsf lj?4sf] ju{o'4df k[YjL ysf{pg] jL/tf / alnbfgsf cb\e"t sLlt{dfg
sfod ub}{ ljhoL ag]sf kf6L{x? /fHo;Qf sAhf ul/;s]kl5 t'ngfTds?kn] ;xh} / ljZjsf
;a} kf6L{x? 5f]6} cjlwdf gf]s/zfxL, ;+zf]wgjfbL, hgtfaf6 cnu–ynu /
k|ltqmflGtsf/L kf6L{df lsg ablng k'u] < lglZrt g} dxfg\ ;j{xf/fjfbL
;f“:s[lts qmflGt;Dd cfp“bf o;sf] cfwf/e"t ;}4flGts hjfkm df=n]=df=n]
lbPsf] 5 . t/, tL cfwf/e"t l;4fGtx?n] k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sg] u/L
k|of]u ug]{ ;+u7fgfTds l;4fGt, ljlw / dfGotfsf] ljsf; ug]{ cfjZostf clxn] klg
ljBdfg 5 . of]] k|Zg kf6L{leq rNg] b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{ / ;j{xf/f ju{sf]
clwgfosTj cGtu{t lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] l;4fGtsf] j}1flgs k|of]u / ljsf;sf] ;d:of
xf] .
cg'ejn] ;flat u/]sf] 5 ls /fHo;Qf sAhf ul/;s]kl5 kf6L{sf tdfd
g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x? /fHo;Qf ;+rfngdf dfq ;+nUg x'“bf ef}lts kl/j]zn] g}
kf6L{nfO{ qmdzM gf]s/zfxL, kbnf]n'k / ;'ljwf ;DkGg ju{df kl/0ft ug]{ vt/f tLj|
/ k|an ag]/ hfG5 .. o;k|sf/sf] vt/fsf] tLj|tf / k|antf;“u} kf6L{sf]
hg;d'bfo;“usf] ;DaGw ToxL cg'kftdf cf}krfl/s / cnu–ynu aGb} hfG5 . of]
k|ls|of cfºgf] ljsf;sf] Pp6f lglZrt laGb'df k'lu;s]kl5 Tof] clgjfo{ ?kdf k|ltqmflGtdf
ablng k'Ub5 .. k|ltqmflGtsf] o:tf] vt/fnfO{ /f]Sgsf nflu b"O{–nfOg
;+3if{ / lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] l;4fGt cg';f/ kf6L{nfO{ ;j{xf/f ju{ / >dhLjL
hg;d'bfosf] lgu/fgL, lgoGq0f / ;]jfdf /fVg] ;+u7gfTds ljlw / dfGotfsf] cem}
ljsf; ug{ h?/L 5 . o;sf nflu kf6L{leq rNg] b'O{–nfO{g ;+3if{df Jofks
hg;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug]{ tyf ;Ifd / :yflkt g]tfx?b]lv sfo{stf{;Ddsf]
Pp6f lx:;f lg/Gt/ hgsfo{df / csf]{ lx:;f ;Qf ;~rfngdf nfUg] tyf lglZrt cjlwsf]
cGt/df sfo{ljefhgdf x]/km]/ u/L l;+uf] kf6L{sf] hg;d'bfo;“usf] ;DaGwnfO{ ;hLj
/fVg ljz]if cfjZos 5 . k|f/Deb]lv g} kf6L{n] / p;sf] g]t[Tj cGtu{t
/fHo;Qfn] hg;d'bfo;+u 3lgi6 ;DaGw sfod ug]{, b'Mvsi6 / kmf/f]ltgf] ug]{ ;j{xf/f
z}nL ckgfpg] tyf ;fDojfbL p2]Zosf lgldQ ;Dk"0f{?kn] ;dlk{t /xg], kf6L{,
g]tf / sfo{stf{x?nfO{ k|]/0ff / cfbz{sf?kdf k|:t't ug]{ tyf kbsf] b'?kof]u
ug]{, hg;d'bfodfly x}sd rnfpg vf]Hg], ;'ljwfef]uL Pj+ kbnf]n'k k|j[lQ, g]tf Pj+
sfo{stf{sf lj?4 lgd{d ljrf/wf/fTds ;+3if{sf ;fy} hg;d'bfodf gª\ofpg] gLlt Pj+
;+/rgfsf] ljsf; ug{ hf]8 nufpg' kb{5 . o; ;Gbe{df kf6L{leq rNg] b'O{–nfOg
;+3if{df /fHosf] an k|of]u ug]{ k|j[lQnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug]{ tyf ;xL / untsf]
km};nf j}rfl/s ;+3if{sf] aLraf6 cfd sfo{stf{ / hg;d'bfoåf/f ug]{ j}1flgs
ljlwnfO{ k|f]T;flxt / :yflkt ug{ hf]8 nufpg' kb{5 . kf6L{leq / aflx/
lglZrt ljb|f]x Gofo;+ut xf] jf xf]Og eGg] s'/fsf] km};nf ug]{ clwsf/ cfd
sfo{stf{ / hg;d'bfodf /xg] Joj:yf ;'lglZrt ug{ cfjZos 5 .
@= ;]gf M–
@) cf}+ ztfAbLsf qmflGt / k|ltqmflGtsf cg'ejx?n] s'g s'/fnfO{
klg :ki6;“u k|b{lzt u¥of] eg] ;j{xf/f juL{o ;xL qmflGtsf/L ljrf/, gLlt /
of]hgfsf cfwf/df cufl8 a9\bf sl/a z"Gosf] l:yltaf6 hg;d'bfon] b'Zdgsf]
cTofw'lgs / zlQmzfnL ;]gfnfO{ w'nf]lk7f] kfg{ ;Sg] ck/fho hg;]gfsf] ljsf; ug{
;Sbf] /x]5, t/ kf6L{df unt ljrf/ xfjL ePdf ToxL ;]gf k|ltqmflGtsf] xltof/ aGg
k'Ubf] /x]5 . cg'ejn] hg;]gfsf ;Gbe{df klg s] ;flat u/]sf] 5 eg] qmflGt
k"j{sf] sdhf]/ / sl7g 38Ldf Tofu, tk:of, jL/tf, alnbfg / j}rfl/s lgi7f;lxt
hg;d'bfo;“u Psfsf/ x“'b}+ b'Zdgsf lj?4sf] o'4 df]rf{df ck/fho ;flat x'g] hg;]gf
/fHo;Qf sAhf eO{ ;s]kl5 qmdzM Aof/]sdf ljz]if Joj:yf cGtu{t /xg] a'h'{jf
cfw'lgs lgoldt ;]gf aGg] k|j[lQ k|an x'“b} hfg] ef}lts kl/j]z aGb5 .
;j{xf/f juL{o ljrf/ Pjd\ hg;d'bfosf] lgu/fgL, lgoGq0f / ;]jfdf /xg] s'/fnfO{
;'lglZrt ug]{ ljlw / ;+/rgfsf] ljsf; ug{ g;Sg] xf] eg] Tof] k|j[lQ emfl¨b}+ uP/
Pp6f lglZrt laGb'df k'u]kl5 ;]gf :jfefljs ?kn] k|ltqmflGtsf] ;]jf ug]{ xltof/df
kl/0ft x'g k'Ub5 . pk/f]Qm l:yltsf] k'g/fj[lQ x'gaf6 /f]Sgsf] nflu
k|f/Deb]lv g} hg;]gfdf j}rfl/s / /fhg}lts sfdnfO{ ;jf{lws dxŒjsf ;fy ;~rfng
ug]{ / k|ltqmflGtsf lj?4 ljb|f]xsf] r]tgfåf/f l;+uf] ;}Gok+lQm Pjd\ cfd
hg;d'bfo;DdnfO{ ;';lHht kfg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg' kb{5 . o;sf ;fy} @! cf}+
ztflAbsf] hg;]gf eg]sf] /fHo;Qf sAhf ul/;s]kl5 lglZrt Aof/]sdf a;]/ ljz]if
tflnd / xltof/åf/f cfw'lgs aGg] k|lqmofdf xf]Og cfd hg;d'bfonfO{ g} ;}lgsLs/0f
ug]{ tyf hg;d'bfos} ;]jf ug]{ qmflGtsf/L ;+jfxs alg/fVg] s'/fdf ;'lglZrt ug'{
kb{5 . j}rfl/s / ef}lts b'j} b[li6n] ;z:q hg;d'bfosf] ljsf; u/]/ dfq
j}b]lzs k|lts[ofjfbL x:tIf]ksf] k|lt/f]w ug{ Pjd\ k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sg ;lsG5
eGg] s'/fdf clxn]b]lv g} ;}Gok+lQmdf :ki6 b[li6sf]0f ljsf; ug{ hf]8 nufpg'
kb{5 . ljb|f]xsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ;r]t ;z:q hg;d'bfosf] ljsf; ug]{
P]ltxfl;s bfloTj k"/f ug]{ sfo{ef/ g} @!cf} ztfAbLsf] hg;]gfsf] k|d'v
sfo{ef/ x'g'kb{5 .
#\_ /fHo;Qfaf/] M—
;j{xf/f ju{sf] /fhg}lts kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf hgo'4åf/f /fHo;Qf
sAhf ug]{ qmflGtsf] s]Gb|Lo k|Zg lx+hf]
/ cfh klg dxfg\ / si6;fWo k|Zg cjZo /x]sf] 5 . t/, @) cf}+ ztfAbLsf
cg'ejx?n] :ki6 u/]sf 5g\ ls /fHo;Qf sAhf ug]{ k|ZgeGbf klg /fHo;Qfsf] lg/Gt/
hgjfbLs/0f ub}{ To;sf] ljnf]kLs/0flt/ 8f]¥ofpg] k|Zg cem xhf/f}+ u'gf sl7g /
hl6n x'g] ub{5 . Ps} ztfAbLdf ljZj ysf{p“b}+ ?;, rLg nufotsf b]zdf ePsf
dxfg\ qmflGtx?sf] ;kmntf Pjd\ zlQmzfnL ljZj ;dfhjfbL lsQfsf] ljsf; / eofgs
k|ltqmflGtsf 36gfs|dx? x'“b} ljZjdf Pp6f klg ;dfhjfbL ;Qf af“sL g/x]sf] oyfy{n]
ljifosf] dxŒj / uDeL/tfnfO{ bzf{p“5g\ .
cflv/ k"“hLjfbL ;fd|fHojfbn] cfºgf] ;}Go kmfl;jfbL
;f/tTjnfO{ tyfslyt k|hftGqsf] gsfjn] 9fs]/ ljZj hgdtnfO{ e|ldt kfg{ ;kmn x'g'
tyf ;j{xf/f ju{{sf] cfºgf] hgjfbL ;f/tTjsf afjh'b /fHo;Qfdf cfºgf] ks8 dha't
ug{ g;Sg'sf tdfd P]ltxfl;s / ;}4flGts sf/0fsf afjh'b cfh xfd|f] cufl8 hgjfbsf]
ljsf;sf] ;d:of Pp6f HjnGt ;d:of ag]/ v8f ePsf] 5 . k/fhLt ju{ b'Zdgsf lj?4
clwgfosTjsf] cfjZostf / hgtfsf] hgjfbsf] cEof;sf] cfjZostfsf aLrdf ;d'lrt
;Gt'ng sfod ug]{ ;Gbe{sf k|d'v ;d:ofx? s] x'g\ < hgtfsf] hgjfbL clwgfosTj jf
;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTj cGtu{t hgtfsf] hgjfb jf ;j{xf/f hgjfb j:t'tM
cf}krfl/s, oflGqs / ;+sL0f{ lsg x'g k'Uof] < oxf“ xfd|f] k|Zg ljZjsf tdfd
?k/+usf ;+zf]wgjfbL / lj;h{gjfbLx?n] p7fpg] u/]sf] hgtfsf] hgjfbL clwgfosTj jf
;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTjsf] lj/f]w u/]/ a'h'{jfx?sf] cf}krfl/s k|hftGqdf km“:g]
u4f/L;“u s'g} ;DaGw 5}g . xfd|f] k|Zg oxf“ lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] k|jfx ;+ul7t
ug]{ ;+:yfsf ?kdf /fHo;Qfsf] ljsf; ug]{ s'/fdf s]lGb|t 5 . cflv/
/fHo;Qfsf] Jofks / ;hLj hgjfbLs/0fsf]
k|ls|ofdf g} jf:tljs hgjfbL clwgfosTj jf ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj ;'b[9 x'g ;Sb5 . hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] dxfg\
j}1flgs l;4fGtsf] of] eGbf csf]{ cy{ x'g} ;Qm}g . /fHo;Qf sAhf
ug'{k"j{;Dd hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] ;xL cEof; u/]/ /fHo;Qf sAhf ug{ ;kmn x'g]
kf6L{x? kl5 lsg cf}krfl/s hgjfb / gf]s/zfxL s]Gb|Lotfsf] lzsf/ x'g k'u] <
kf6L{leq ;+zf]wgjfb xfjL ePsf]n] eGg] ts{ dfqn] o;sf] k"/f pQ/
lb+b}g .. cflv/ åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbsf] k|of]udf dfS;{jfbLx?åf/f ePsf] of] jf
Tof] ?ksf sdhf]/L klg o;df lhDd]jf/ 5g\ .
Pp6f lglZrt b]z,
sfn / kl/l:yltdf ;j{xf/fjfbL qmflGtsf/L /x]sf] kf6L{ / hgjfbL jf ;dfhjfbL
/x]sf] /fHo;Qfdf csf]{ b]z, sfn kl/l:yltdf k|ltqmflGtdf kl/0ft x'g ;Sb5 .
Tof] cj:yfdf hg;d'bfo / qmflGtsf/Lx?n] ljb|f]x ug'{ kb{5 eg] dxfg\ ;j{xf/f
;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf] ;+Zn]if0f cfºgf] 7f“pdf k"/} ;xL /x]sf] s'/f :ki6 g}
5 . t/, Ps k6s Ps lglZrt sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf hgjfbL jf ;dfhjfbL
/fHo;Qf :yflkt eO;s] ;f] kf6L{ ;w+} ;j{xf/fjfbL eO/fV5 eg] em} To;sf lj?4
/fhg}lts?kn] hg;d'bfoåf/f :jtGq?kdf hgjfbL jf ;dfhjfbL k|lt:kwf{ ug]{ jftfj/0f
gx'g', gagfpg' jf To;dfly k|ltaGw nufOg'n] Psflt/, ;QfzLg kf6L{n] hg;d'bfosf
aLrdf s;};“u /fhg}lts k|lt:kwf{ ug'{ gkg]{
x'“bf Tof] qmdzM ljz]if ;'ljwf ;DkGg oflGqs gf]s/zfxL kf6L{ / To;sf]
g]t[Tjsf] /fHo;Qf klg qmdzM oflGqs / gf]s/zfxL d]l;g/Ldf kl/0ft x'g] tyf
csf{lt/ hg;d'bfo cf}krfl/s hgjfbsf] lzsf/ eP/ qmdzM p;sf] c;Lldt l;h{gzLntf /
ultzLntfsf] phf{ s\'li7t x'g hfg] vt/f Oltxf;df :ki6 b]vf kg]{ u/]sf] 5 .
pk/f]Qm ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] l;4fGt cg';f/ /fHo;Qfdf
hg;d'bfosf] lgoGq0f, lgu/fgL / x:tIf]ksf] k|lqmofnfO{ ;hLj / j}1flgs9+un]
;+ul7t ug]{ cfjZostfdf hf]8 lbOg' kb{5 . oxf“ km]l/ klg k|Zg b'Zdgsf lj?4
clwgfosTjsf] k|efjsfl/tf hg;d'bfosf] hgjfbsf] cEof;sf] k|efjsfl/tfdf lg/e{/
/xg] j}1flgs tYonfO{ åGåfTds 9+un] ;f+ul7t ug]{{ k|Zg g} xf] .
o;sf nflu ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL hgjfbL /fHo;Qfsf]
;+j}wflgs ;Ldfleq /fhg}lts k|lt:kwf{ ;+ul7t u/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] lg/Gt/
;j{xf/fs/0f / qmflGtsf/Ls/0f clgjfo{ x'g] kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f ul/g' kb{5 . olb kf6L{n] cfkm}nfO{ lg/Gt/
qmflGtsf/Ls/0f ug{ g;s] To;sf] lvnfkmdf csf]{ qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ jf g]t[TjnfO{
/fHo;Qfdf k'¥ofpg ;Sg] hg;d'bfosf] clwsf/nfO{ ;+:yfut u/]/ dfq k|ltqmflGtnfO{
k|efjsf/L 9+un] /f]Sg ;lsg] 5 . ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL ljleGg
/fhg}lts bn, ;+3, ;+:yf h;n] hgjfbL /fHo;Qfsf] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfnfO{ :jLsf/
ub{5g\, pgLx?sf aLrdf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{nfO{ ;xof]udfq ug'{kg]{ oflGqs ;DaGwdf
xf]Og hgtfsf] ;]jfdf hgjfbL /fhg}lts k|lt:kwf{ ug]{ åGåfTds ;DaGwdf hf]8 lbOg'
kb{5 .. :ki6 5 ls of] k|lqmofdf olb s;}n] hgjfbL /fHo;Qfåf/f j}wflgs ?kn]
lgwf{l/t ;Ldfsf] cltqmd0f u/]df p;dfly hgjfbL clwgfosTj nfu" x'g]5 .
Ps k6s /fHo;Qf sAhf ul/;s]kl5 kf6L{n] g]t[Tjsf] x}l;ot ;flat
ug{ cfºgf] ljrf/sf] ;xLkgf, hg;d'bfosf lxtx?;“u Psfsf/ x'g] cfjZostf, Tofu,
tk:of / alnbfg Pj+ ju{ / hgtfk|ltsf] lgi7f ;flat ul//xg gkg]{ l:yltsf]
k|f/Deb]lv g} cGt ug{ hf]8 lbOg' kb{5 . /fHo;Qfdf ljrf/ / g]t[Tjsf]
s]Gb|Ls/0fn] hg;d'bfosf] :j–lg0f{osf] clwsf/ s6f}tL ug]{ l:ylt cfpg glbg]
s'/fdf ljz]if Wofg lbg' kb{5 .
g]kfnsf] hgjfbL qmflGtsf ;Gb{edf xfdLn] juL{o,
hftLo, If]qLo Pj+ ln¨Lo pTkL8gaf6 hg;d'bfosf] d'lQmsf] s'/f ul//x]sf 5f} .
cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;lxt hftLo / If]qLo :jzf;gsf s'/f u/]sf 5f} . ;fy}
;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL kf6L{ :jtGqtfsf] s'/f klg ul//x]sf 5f}+ .
Tof] cj:yfdf /fHo;Qfsf] lg/Gt/ hgjfbLs/0fsf nflu hg;d'bfosf] :jlg0f{osf]
clwsf/nfO{ ;hLj ?kn] ;+ul7t ug]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg' kb{5 .
o;/L kf6L{, ;]gf / /fHo;Qfsf] pk/f]Qm k|sf/sf] ;d"lrt
ljsf;df g} @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] hgjfbn] lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fP/
k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sg ;Sg]5 .