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cGt/lj/f]wx?sf] k'Ghsf ?kdf a'emg' eGbf klg PsdgfjfbL÷PslznfjfbL / ;d?k a:t'sf]
?kdf a'em\g yflnof] / kf6L{nfO{ ju{ / hg;d'bfosf] ;+nUgtf / lgu/fgLdf lg/Gt/
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9f“rfsf] ;Ldf :6flng / sf]ldG6g{sf cg'ejx?af6 k|i6 eof] .
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lgdf{0f ug]{ dfq xf]Og clGtd nIo lglDt lg/Gt/ qmflGt hf/L /fVg] xltof/sf] ?kdf
gof“ 9+usf] kf6L{sf] cjwf/0ff ljsl;t ug'{eof] .
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/ lk5l8Psf cg'ejx?nfO{ kl/Tofu ug]{ c7f]]6sf ;fy :6flngsf] o;/L j:t'jfbL
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tkfO{nfO{ s;n] eGof] < s]xL dfG5]x? olt cljj]sL 5g\ ls pgLx? ?;L kfwsf]
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:yflkt x'g k'u]sf] kf6L{;DaGwL wf/0ffnfO{ ;Rofp“b} sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ PsdgfjfbL /
;d?k geP/ Tof] cGt/lj/f]wx?n] el/k"0f{ x'G5 eGg] cjwf/0ff cl3 ;fg'{ eof]
-x]g'{xf];, dfcf] T;] t'ª,_ æcGt/kf6L{ Pstfaf/] åGbjfbL b[li6sf]0f,Æ !(%&,
;+slnt /rgf, efu %k]h %!$–!^_ . ;fy} jxf“n] kf6L{nfO{ lg/Gt/ ult lbO/xg /
;j{xf/f rl/qsf] /Iff ul//fVg kf6L{df s]Gb|Lotf / hgjfb, cg'zf;g / :jtGqtf /
;+sNkut Pstf / JolQmsf] lrQk|;Ggtfsf] åGbfTds ;DaGw sfod ug'{kg]{ s'/fdfly
cToflws hf]8 lbg'eof] . dfcf]åf/f ;g\ !(%& df klxnf]rf]l6 kl/eflift
ul/Psf] / kl5 ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsfndf kf6L{sf] ljwfgdf ;d]t ;dfa]z ul/Psf] Tof]
rlr{t kl/R5]bdf elgPsf] 5 M–æxfdLn] o:tf] /fhg}lts jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug'{k5{ h;df
b'j}, s]Gb|Lotf / hgjfb, cg'zf;g / :jtGqtf, ;+sNkt Pstf / JolQmsf] lrQ k|;Ggtf
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clwgfosTj cGtu{t lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] qmddf kf6L{;DaGWL sltko ?l9jfbL
cjwf/0ffx?nfO{ k"0f{?kn] w/f;foL kfb}}}{ gof“ 9+usf] qmflGtsf/L kf6L{
lgdf{0f ug]{ lbzfdf P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf l;4fGt / Jojxf/x? k|ltkflbt eP .
;f+:s[lts qmflGt sfndf ;"qjfSosf] ?kdf cToflws k|rf/df nluPsf ljb|f]x ug'{
7Ls xf],Æ æa'h{'jf d'Vofnodfly ad aiff{pm, Hjf/ef6fsf] lj?4 hfg' qmflGtsf/Ltf
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s]Gb|Lotfsf] ;+rfng;DaGwL ?l9jfbL dfGotf;“u d]n gvfPsf] :ki6} b]Vg ;lsG5 .
To;/L g} ;+zf]wgjfbL af6f] ;dft]sf ljleGg txsf kf6L{ sldl6x?nfO{ Pp6f ljzfn
cleofg cGtu{t u}/ kf6L{ o'jf / hg;d'bfosf] afx'No /x]sf /]8 uf86{ sld6L jf
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lbg] P]ltxfl;s 36gf k|lqmof lyof] eg]]/ xfdLn] a'em\g cfaZos 5 . ;+lIfKtdf
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l:yltdf dfcf]sf] qmflGtsf/L k|flwsf/sf] cToflws pkof]u u/]/ kf6L{ sfo{stf{x? /
hg;d'bfonfO{ Ao""emfpg' / ;+zf]wgjfb lj?4sf] ljb|f]xdf ptfg'{ hgjfbL
s]lGb|otfsf] l;4fGtsf] ljsf;df gof“ sf];]9'+uf lyof] . s'g} klg j:t'df
em}+ gof“ hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] klg ?k xf]Og ;f/kIfn] k|wfgtf kfpg'k5{ eGg]
qmflGtsf/L åGbjfbsf] lgodsf] k'li6 lyof] / sf]ldG6g{sf] kfnfdf xfjL /x]sf] hgjfbL
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lgif]w lyof] . ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] bf}/fgdf PsLs[t kf6L{sf] lgdf{0f ug]{,
dfcf]sf] qmflGtsf/L k|flwsf/nfO{ :yflkt ug]{, dfcf]sf] qmflGtsf/L
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u/]sf] s'/fnfO{ cfhsf] o'usf qmflGtsf/Lx?n] bx|f];“u kqmg h?/L 5 . ;du|df,
dfcf]sf] g]t[Tjdf ;+rflnt dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtn] kf6L{ sfo{stf{ /
hg;d'bfodf ;+zf]wgjfb / k|ltlqmofjfb lj?4 xd]zf ljb|f]x ug]{ efjgfnfO{ ;+:yfut
u/]/ qmflGtkl5 lg/Gt/ qmflGt x'b} clGtd nIo;Dd k'Ug] dfu{ k|z:t u/]sf] s'/fnfO{
ljz]if dxTjsf ;fy u|x0f ug'{k5{ . dfcf]sf] lgwgkl5 rLgdf klg lg/Gt/
qmflGtsf] s8L 6'6]sf] / Toxf“ k|ltqmflGt ePsf] 36gfn] gof“ o'usf
qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ dxfg ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt eGbf cl3 a9]/ gof“ 9+usf] kf6L{
lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj :jtM yk]sf] 5 .
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x'"bf ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf :6flngsf] qmflGtsf/L k|flwsf/ r/df]Tsif{df
k'u]sf] t/ lrgLof qmflGt eg] ev{/} ljhosf] ;+3f/lt/ k'Ug dfq nfu]sf]n] dfcf]
eg] Tolt :yflkt ge};s]sf] l:ylt lyof] . To;f] x'gfn] g]skfleq z'?b]lv g}
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g]skfsf] d"n 9f“rf z'?b]lv g} sf]ldG6g{ 9f“rf;“u ldNbf]h'Nbf] /xb} cfPsf]
s'/f a'emg s'g} sl7gfO{ x'g'x'b}g .
xfd|f] kf6L{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] ;+n]Zif0f u/]
cg';f/ g]skfsf] ljsf;qmd / To;af6 k|fKt cg'ejx?nfO{ d'VotM tLg efudf af“8]/
x]g{ ;lsG5 . klxnf], kf6L{ :yfkgf / k|f/lDes ljsf;sf] r/0f, h'g @))^
;fnb]lv @)!)–@)!@ ;fn;DdnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . bf];|f], ljleGg vfn] cj;/jfbL
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xfn;DdnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . oL tLg r/0fnfO{ bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn]
jfb–ljjfb–;+jfb jf Pstf–;+3if{–?kfGt/0fsf] r/0f klg eg]sf] 5 . -x]gf]{;\,
dxfg\ cu|ufdL 5nfË Oltxf;sf] ckl/xfo{ cfjZostf, k]=$)_ kf6L{ lgdf{0f;DaGwL
cg'ejsf] lx;fan] x]bf{ klxnf] r/0fdf /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o b'j} If]qdf
;fk]If?kn] qmflGtsf/L kl/l:ylt ljBdfg /x]sfn] kf6L{sf] cfkm\gf] z}zjsfnsf
sdhf]/Lx?;lxt ;+u7g / ;+3if{sf If]qdf ;sf/fTds pknAwLx? g} a9L xfl;n u/]sf]
kfOG5 . en} sf]ldG6g{sf] lj/f;tdf x's]{sf] tTsfnLg ef/tLo sDo'lgi6
kf6L{sf] ;]/f]km]/f]eGbf aflx/ uP/ ljrf/ / ;+u7gsf] If]qdf s'g} df}lns of]ubfg
u/]sf] b]lvGg .
bf];|f] r/0fdf cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] km'6sf] k|efj ;fy;fy}
d"ntM blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfbL /fhg}lts sfo{lbzf / ;fdGtL tyf
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ljeflht x'gk'Uof] . tLdWo] ;aeGbf k|efjzfnL /xsf rf}yf] dxflwj]zg
;d"x, df=n]= / k'iknfn ;d"x tLgj6}n] cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf]
ljjfbdf rLlgof“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ / dfcf]sf] kIf lnP klg cfkm\g} cfGtl/s j}rfl/s
/fhg}lts sdhf]/Lsf sf/0fn] dfcf]n] sf]ldG6g{ / :6flngsf sdhf]/Lx? ;RofP/ ljsl;t
u/]sf] kf6L{ lgdf{0f;DaGwL gof“ cjwf/0ffnfO{ cfTd;ft ug{ ;s]gg\ . To;sf]
pN6f] df=n]= ;d"x / k'iknfn ;d"x qmdzM v|'Zrf]eL cfw'lgs
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kl/jlt{t gfp“_ kIfn] @)$! df ;DkGg cfkm\gf] kf“rf}+ dxflwj]zgdf dfcf]n] u/]sf]
:6flngsf] j:t';+ut d"Nof+sgsf] lj/f]w ub}{ gf+uf] ?kdf xf]ShfjfbL
h8;"qLo–;+zf]wgjfbL nfOg / kf6L{;DaGwL PsdgfjfbL cjwf/0ffsf] kIfkf]if0f
ug{ k'Uof] . -x]gf]{;\, g]=s=kf=-dzfn_ sf] kf“rf}+ dxflwj]zgåf/f kfl/t,
cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng;DaGwL k|:tfj_ Tof] l:yltdf s= k|r08sf] g]t[Tjdf
o'jf qmflGtsf/Lx?n] v|'Zrf]eL blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfbsf] ;fy;fy} xf]ShfkGyL
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kf6L{ lgdf{0f;DaGwL åGåjfbL cjwf/0ffsf cfwf/df qmflGtsf/L w|'jLs/0fsf] k|lqmof
cl3 a9fP .
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/ @)%@ kmfu'g ! ut]af6 dxfg\ hgo'4sf] yfngL / ljsf;sf] clxn];Ddsf] t];|f] r/0f
g} g]kfndf gof“ 9+usf] qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ lgdf{0fsf] ;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{ /
phf{zLn cjlw /x]sf] 5 . To;qmddf dfn]dfjfbsf] ;}4flGts cfnf]s / bL3{sflng
hgo'4sf] /fhg}lts sfo{lbzfsf cfwf/df 5f]6f] cjlwdf g} ljutsf u'6jfb / km'6jfbsf
cjz]ifx?nfO{ d]6fp“b} nu]/ PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] hgo'4 g]t[Tj ug{ nfos / nfvf}+
hg;d'bfosf] ;dy{g k|fKt PsLs[t tyf s]Gb|Ls[t kf6L{ lgdf{0f ug{ ;Dej ePsf]
5 . @)%& df ;DkGg bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] g]kfnL hgo'4sf] qmddf kf6L{
lgdf{0fnufot ljljw If]qdf ljsl;t ljrf/–>[+vnfnfO{ …k|r08kyÚsf] ?kdf
;+Zn]if0f ug]{ / To;nfO{ ;fd'lxstfsf] s]Gb|Los[t cleJolQmsf ?kdf u|x0f ug]{
lg0f{o u/]kl5 g]kfnsf] gof“ 9+usf] kf6L{ lgdf{0f;DaGwL cg'ej ljZj ;j{xf/f
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h8;"qLo–;+zf]wgjfbL lrGtg tyf u'6jfbL / km'6jfbL k|j[lQ tyf j:t'ut ?kdf
ljBdfg ;fdGtL / Go"g–k""hLjfbL juL{o w/ftnaLrdf cem} uDeL/
k|s[ltsf cGt/lj/f]wx? sfod /x]sf 5g\ . olb gof“ ljsl;t ljrf/ cg'?k k'/fgf]
?9Lu|:t / u'6jfbL tyf km'6jfbL ;+u7gfTds 9f“rfnfO{ qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0f gug]{
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ljBdfg /x]sf] 5 . =============================
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juL{o ;dfhdf kf6L{ eg]sf] juL{o r]tgfsf] s]Gb|Ls[t cleJolQm xf] . To;}n]
n]lgg / :6flngn] kl/eflift ug'{ eP em}+ juL{o ;dfh /x];Dd sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n]
;dfhsf] ;a}eGbf cu|ufdL / Oltxf;sf] clGtd ju{ ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ;aeGbf ;r]t /
;+ul7t cu|b:tfsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{kb{5 . v|'Zrf]eL ;+zf]wgjfbLx?n]
u/]em}+ …;Dk"0f{ hgtfsf] kf6L{Ú, jf ljleGg ju{x?sf] ;femf kf6L{ eGg' sf]/f
jsjf; xf, lsgls Pp6f kf6L{n] Ps k6sdf Pp6f ju{sf] r]tgf dfq} af]Sg ;Sb5 /
…;Dk"0f{ hgtfsf] kf6L{Ú x'g] l:ylt cfpg]lalQs} Toxf“ kf6L{sf] h?/t g} kg]{
5}g .
kf6L{ eg]sf] cGttM ljrf/ xf] . To;}n] ;j{xf/fjuL{o cu|b:tfsf] kf6L{
Oltxf;sf] ;aeGbf pGgt / j}1flgs ;';lHht x'g'k5{ . clxn]sf] ;fd|fHojfbsf]
o'udf To:tf] ljrf/ eg]sf] dfn]dfjfb xf], h;n] xfd|f] b]zsf] 7f]; ;Gbe{df
dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] :j?k u|x0f u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} s'g} lj1fg jf ljrf/ ;w}+
ultzLn / lg/Gt/ kl/jt{gzLn x'g] ePsfn] gof“ 9+usf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] cfkm\gf]
e"ldsf 7Ls;“u lgjf{x ug{ qmflGtsf] ;fj{ef}d lj1fgnfO{ b]z / sfnsf] 7f];
kl/l:ylt ;“u;“u} l;h{gfTds 9+un] k|of]u ug{ / k|of]u ;fy;fy} ljsl;t ub}{ n}hfg
;Sg'kb{5 . æ;aeGbf pGgt l;4fGtåf/f lgb]{zg kf6L{n] dfq} cu'jf n8sfsf]
e"ldsf k"/f ug{ ;S5Æ eGg] n]lgg -æs] ug]{Æ_ – sf] egfOsf] dd{ ToxL
xf] . qmflGtsf/L l;4fGt / /fhgLltaf6 ljrlnt x'g] lalQs} s'g} a]nfsf dxfg\
kf6L{x? s;/L /ftf/ft a'h'{jf kf6L{df kl/0ft eP/ tf;sf 3/ em} 9Nbf /x]5g\ eGg]
ljutsf k|ltqmflGtsf] cg'ejx?n] k'li6 ul/;s]sf] l:yltdf gof“ 9+usf] kf6L{n]
qmflGtsf/L ljrf/ / /fhgLlts k|ZgnfO{ xd]zf s]Gb|ljGb"df /fVg'kb{5 .
-@_ o'4sf] g]t[Tj ug{ nfos kf6L{M
jt{dfg ;fd|fHojfbsf] o'unfO{ …o'4 k""hLjfbÚ sf] o'u klg
elgG5 . ctM Oltxf;df klxn] ;w} eGbf a9L kmf}hLs[t ePsf] jt{dfg ljZjnfO{
abNg ;j{xf/f ju{n] klg qmflGtsf/L o'4nfO{ ;+3if{sf] k|wfg ?k agfpg' clgjfo{
5 . To:tf] o'4sf] g]t[Tj ug{ nfos ;j{xf/f cu|b:tfsf] ;+u7gfTds :j?k To;}n]
kmf}hLs[t x'g' lgtfGt h?/L 5 . To; lx;fan] casf] ;Gbe{df gof“ 9+usf] kf6L{
lgdf{0f eGg'sf] cy{ d'Vo ?kdf kf6L{sf] kmf}hLs/0f g} x'g hfG5 .
kmf}hLs[t kf6L{sf] 9f“rf
c;fWo} PsLs[t x'g'kg]{ / To;leq cg'zf;gsf] :t/ c;fWo} pRr x'g'kg]{ :jtM l;4
5 . ;fy} To;sf] e"ldut 9f“rf / z}nL Hofb} r':t x'g'kb{5 . k/Gt',
o;sf] cy{ kf6L{sf] ;+/rgf / z}nL ;+sL0f{ if8\oGqd"ns / gf]s/zfxLs[t eGg]
k6Ss} x'g ;Sb}g, a? To;sf] 7Ls ljkl/t xf] . lsgsL jt{dfg o'usf] o'4 eg]sf]
hgo'4 xf], h'g hg;d'bfosf] ;xof]udf / ;lqmo ;xeflutfdf dfq ;+rfng x'g;S5 .
To;}n] kf6L{sf] kmf}hLs/0fsf] csf]{ cy{ kf6L{, ;]gf / hg;d'bfoaLrsf] k/Dk/fut
cGt/nfO{ Go"g ug{' xf], cyjf hg;d'bfosf] ;a}sf] kmf}hLs/0f / kmf}h ;a}sf]
kf6L{s/0f ug'{ xf] . ljutsf ;dfhjfbL /fHo;Qfx?df kf6L{ :yfoL ;]gf /
hgtfaLr sfod x'g k'u]sf] :yfoL ;]gf / hgtfaLr sfod x'g k'u]sf] ce]B kvf{nn]
k|ltqmflGt lgDTofPsf] ;Gbe{df hgtfsf] kmf}hLs/0f / kmf}hsf] kf6L{s/0fsf] of]
cjwf/0ffsf] b"/ufdL dxTj ePsf] :jtM ;ki6 5 .
;fdfGotof jt{dfg ljZj
kl/j]z / d'Votof g]kfnsf] ljlzi7 l:yltdf kmf}hL /0fgLltsf b'O{ d'Vo
?kx?–bL3{sflng hgo'4 / ;z:q ljb|f]xnfO{ cfk;df ;dfof]hg u/]/ n}hfg'kg]{
x'G5 . To; lglDt o'4sf] g]t[Tj ug]{ kf6L{n] kmf}hL / u}/kmf}hL /0fgLlt /
sfo{gLltsf ;a} kIfx?df cfkm"nfO{ kf]Vt agfpg' h?/L x'G5 . To;/L g}
e"ldut / v'Nnf sfd, ufp“n] / zxl/of Onfsfsf sfd k|rf/–o'4 / xltof/aGb
o'4sf] sfd lglDt kf6L{n] cfkm"nfO{ xd]zf lgk"0f{ agfpg' kb{5 .
;du|df, o'4sf] g]t[Tj
ug{ nfos gof“ 9+usf] lgdf{0f ug'{ jf kf6L{sf] kmf}hLs/0f ug'{sf] cy{ ;fDojfbsf]
…clGtd nIoÚ ;Dd k'Ug qmflGtsf] lbzfdf cl3 a9\g] kf6L{sf] lgdf{0f ug'{ xf] eGg]
s'/fnfO{ bx|f];“u cfTd;ft ug'{kb{5 .
-u_ kf6L{leq b'O{ nfOg
;+3if{sf] lg/Gt/tf M kf6L{;DaGwL dfn]dfjfbL cjwf/0ffsf] d"n kIf kf6L{nfO{
Psdgf jf ;d?k j:t'sf] ;§f ljkl/tx¿sf] PsTj / cGt/lj/f]wx¿sf] k"~hsf] ?kdf
u|x0f ug'{ xf] . To;}n] ljutsf] sf]ldG6g{sf] kfnfsf sltko sdhf]/Lx¿af6
l;s]/ casf] gof“ 9+usf] kf6L{n] juL{o ;dfh /lx/x];Dd kf6L{leq To;sf] k|ltljDag
eO/xg], kf6L{leqaf6 gof“ju{x¿sf] pbo e}/xg], kf6L{df ljleGg JolQmx¿sf] r]tgfdf
c;dfgtf /lx/xg] / kmn:j?k kf6L{leq xd]zf blIf0f, dWo / pu| k|j[lQ /lx/xg]
x'gfn] ltgsf lj?4 lgd{d ;+3if{ rnfO/xg' kg]{ oyfy{nfO{ /fd|/L cfTd;ft
ug'{kb{5 . ;fy} ;j{xf/fjfbL kf6L{sf] clGtd nIo ;dfhaf6 ju{x¿sf] cGTo ug]{
/ cGttM cfkm\gf] ljnf]kLs/0f ug]{ ePsfn] kf6L{leq ljleGg k|j[lQx¿sfaLrdf :j:y
b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{ rnfpg] / Pstf–;+3if{–?kfGt/0fsf] ljlwåf/f gof“ cfwf/df gof“
Pstf xfl;n ug]{ lg/Gt/ k|oTg ug'{k5{ . åGåjfbL ljsf;sf] lgod cg';f/
Psrf]6L Pstf xfl;n e};s]kl5 t'?Gt} Toxf“ gof“ 9+un] ;+3if{ z'? x'G5 / Tof] Pstf
/ ;+3if{sf] >[+vnf cgGt;Dd rln/xG5 . To;}n] dfcf]n] eGg' ePsf] xf] M–
æolb kf6L{leq cGt/lj/f]wx¿ ePgg\ eg] / ltgsf] xn ug{ j}rfl/s ;+3if{ rnfOPg eg]
kf6L{ hLjgsf] cGTo x'G5 .Æ -æcGt/lj/f]waf/]Æ, 5flgPsf /rgf, efu –!,
k]=#!&_ o;/L lg/Gt/ rNg] b'O{–nfOg ;+3if{ g} kf6L{sf] hLjg ePsfn]
;fDojfb;Dd k'Ug] gof“ 9+usf] kf6L{sf] lgdf{0fdf b'O{–nfOg ;+3if{ ;+rfngsf]
lg0ff{os dxTj x'G5 .
dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts
qmflGtsfndf kf6L{leqsf] ;+zf]wgjfb;“u lgd{d ;+3if{ ub}{ gof“ 9+usf] qmflGtsf/L
kf6L{ ljsf; ug{sf] lglDt ;a}eGbf hf]8 lbPsf] k|Zg b'O{–nfOg ;+3if{sf] k|Zg
xf] . tLg …u/Ú / …gu/Ú -cyf{t\, ædfS;{jfb nfu" u/, ;+zf]wgjfb xf]Og,
Pstfj4 xf]pm, gkm"6, v'nf / :ki6 xf]pm, if8oGq / 5n5fd gu/Æ_ sf] ?kdf
;"qa4 ul/Psf] Tof] ljlwn] ljrf/ / /fhgLltnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ / kf6L{nfO{
Pstfa4 /fVg] nIosf ;fy v'Nnf / :ki6 9+un] ;+3if{ rnfpg] lbzflgb]{z u5{ .
lxhf]sf blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfb tyf h8;"qLo–;+zf]wgjfb / u'6 tyf km'6sf]
lj/f;t sfod /x"b} cfPsf] tyf lgDg k""hLjfbL juL{o w/ftn k|jn
/x]sf] xfd|f] kf6L{ klg b'O{–nfOg ;+3if{ ;+rfngdf of t k"0f{ pbfl;gtf
ckgfpg] of ljrf/ / /fhgLltsf] cxd\ k|ZgnfO{ eGbf ;+sL0f{ u'6ut cfu|x, JolQmut
:jfy{, hftLo–If]qLo–ln+uLo ;+sL0f{tf cflbnfO{ k|wfgtf lbg] / ;+3if{sf] v'Nnf
eGbf if8oGqd"ns ljlw ckgfpg] …cfnf]s k|j[lQÚ sf uDeL/ sdhf]/Lx¿ ljBdfg
/x]sfn] ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsfndf ljsl;t oxL ljlw cg';f/ gof“ ;+Zn]lift
ljrf/>[+vnf …k|r08kyÚ nfO{ s]Gb|ljGb'df /fv]/ b'O{–nfOg ;+3if{ rnfpg / gof“
9+usf] kf6L{ lgdf{0fnfO{ tLj|tf lbg cfh cToGt} h?/L ePsf] 5 .
qmflGtkl5 kf6L{leqaf6
gof“ k""hLklt ju{ hGd]/ k|ltqmflGt ug{ ;Sg] vt/fsf lj?4 ckgfpg' kg]{
d'Vo xltof/ klg b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{ g} xf] . b'O{–nfOg ;+3if{ ;+rfngdf pbf/tf
ckgfp“bf jf unt ljlw cg'z/0f ubf{ cj;/jfbn] kmfObf p7fpg ;S5 / cGttM Tof] g}
k|ltqmflGtsf] sf/0f aGg hfG5 eGg] Oltxf;n] l;4 ul/;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] ljrf/
/ /fhgLltdf uDeL/ e6sfj ePsf tTjx¿ lj?4 lgd{d ;+3if{ rnfP/ g} kf6L{sf] z'l4s/0f
ug{ ;lsG5 / qmflGtnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lsG5 . rLgdf t]ª nufotsf cj;/jfbLx¿
lj?4 b'O{–nfO{g ;+3if{ ;+rfngdf ckgfOPsf] pbf/tf / qmflGtsf/L k+lQmleq b]lvPsf]
;+3if{ ;+rfng;DaGwL s'zntfsf] sdLn] klg qmflGtn] ck"/0fLo Iflt Joxf]g'{
k/]sf] tYoaf6 klg cfhsf qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] uDeL/ kf7 l;Sg'kb{5 . lgZro g}
cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf;sf] ;fk]Iftfdf b'O{–nfOg ;+3if{nfO{ Jofks jf ;Lldt agfpg] eGg]
6'+uf] nufpg'kb{5 . t/ ljutdf k|foM ;a} sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x¿ leq}af6 / Tof]
klg s]Gb|Lo g]t[Tj tx}af6 k|ltqmflGtx¿ hGd]sf] tYon] b'O{–nfOg ;+3if{sf]
s]Gb|ljGb' g]t[Tj txdf g} agfpg' kg]{ / To;df a9L g} lgd{d / s'zn aGg' kg]{ kf7
l;sfp“b5 . eljiodf k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg ;Sg] gof“ 9+usf] kf6L{ lgdf{0f ug]{
;Gbe{df qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] of] kIfdf ljz]if Wofg k'¥ofpg h?/L 5 . kf6L{ /
;Qfsf] zLif{:y g]t[Tj sAhf u/]/ a;]sf ;+zf]wgjfbLx¿nfO{ ckb:y ug{ tNnf] txsf
kf6L{ sfo{stf{x¿ / u}/–kf6L{ hg;d'bfonfO{ ;d]t cfGbf]ngdf ptfg'{ k/]sf] rLlgof“
;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf] cg'ejaf6 klg ;a}n] a]n}df l;Sg' cfjZos 5 . ;f/df
kf6L{leqsf] b'O{–nfOg ;+3if{ ;+rfngdf hglbzfsf] k|of]u g} dxfg\ ;j{xf/f
;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] d"n dd{ x'gfn] z'?b]lv g} To;nfO{ kf6L{leq ;+:yfut ug'{
g} gof“ 9+usf] kf6L{sf] d"n ljz]iftf x'g'kb{5 .
-3_ hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf]
;xL ;+rfng M gof“ 9+usf] qmflGtsf/L ;Gbe{df a9L Wofg k'¥ofpg'kg]{ csf]{ k|Zg
hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] k4ltsf] ;xL ;+rfng xf] . ;aeGbf klxn] …hgjfbÚ /
…s]lGb|otfÚ sf b'O{ k|ju{x¿sf] dxTj / cGt/;DaGwsf] ljifodf ljljw cj;/jfbL
sf]0fx¿af6 km}nfPsf e|dx¿af/] k|i6 x'g h?/L 5 . tL b'O{ Pp6} j:t'sf ljk/Lt
kf6fx¿ x'g\ / Pssf] cefjdf csf]{sf] cl:tTj /xGg eGg j}1flgs ;RrfO{nfO{ 7Ls;“u
cfTd;ft ug{ g;Sbf ljutdf cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf sfkmL e|d / ;d:of k}bf
ePsf] s6' oyfy{ xf] . s'g} klg ;+u7g eGg] lalQs} Toxf“ k|flwsf/ (Authority) / s]Gb|Lotfsf] k|Zg cfp“5 / cGTodf, ;+u7g eg]sf]
s]Gb|Lotf g} xf] . To;}n] ;Dk"0f{ ;dfh / dfgj hfltnfO{ Pp6}
;Dk"0f{ ;dfh / dfgj hfltnfO{ Pp6} ;fDojfbL 5ftfd'lg uf]naGb ug{ qmflGtsf
ljleGg r/0f -cyf{t\ Wj+;, lgdf{0f / ljnf]kLs/0f_df To;sf] :j?k / e"ldsf
s:tf] x'g] eGg] dfq ljjfb x'g;Sg] ljifo xf] . To;}n] kf6L{ ljleGg :yfgLo
;d"xx¿df ljeflht / lj>[+vlnt /x]sf] / cfGbf]ngn] b]zJofkL /fhg}lts rl/q
u|x0f ug{ g;ls/x]sf] z'?sf] r/0fdf s]Gb|Lotfdfly al9 hf]8 lbP/ n]lggn] h'g
l;4fGtx¿sf] k|ltkfbg ug'{ eof] tTsfnLg ;Gbe{df tL ljNs'n j:t'jfbL / ;xL
lyP . ;fy}, Tolta]nf klg jxf“n] hgjfbL s]Gb|LotfnfO{ æ5nkmn / cfnf]rgfsf]
:jtGqtf, sfdsfjf{xLdf Ps?ktfÆ eg]/ h;/L kl/eflift ug'{eof], Tof] emg\ ;6Ls
lyof] . en} Tolta]nf;Dd ljsl;t k""hLjfbL b]zdf ;dfhjfbL
cfGbf]ngsf] ;aeGbf nfdf] / pRr cg'ej af]s]sf] hd{gLsf] kf6L{ ;d]t bf]>f]
cGt/f{li6«o cj;/jfbL g]tfx¿sf] g]t[Tjdf eLdsfo gf]s/zfxL ;+oGqdf kl/0ft
x'"b} uPsf] s6' cg'ej Psflt/ / csf]{lt/ ;fk]If?kn] lk5l8Psf] ?;sf] ;j{xf/f
ju{n] 7"nf] cfw'lgs km\ofS6«L pTkfbg k|0ffnLaf6 ;fd'lxstfsf] kf7 /fd|/L
l;lsg;s]sf] l:yltsf] xjfnf lbb} jfdkGyL qmflGtsf/L sf]0faf6 /f]hf nUh]Dau{n]
kf6L{sf] clt–…s]Gb|Ls[tÚ 9f“rfn] eljiodf gf]s/zfxLnfO{ hGd lbg;Sg] ;zQm ts{x¿
k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . n]lggsf] d[To'kl5 :6flngn] ;dfhjfb lgdf{0fsf]
k|f/lDes r/0fdf o'4 / ;dfhjfbsf] lgdf{0fsf] cfjZostf Wofg lbb} s]Gb|Lotfdfly
a9L hf]8 lbg' klg Tolt c:jfefljs lyPg . ;d:of ta z'? eof] ha tTsflng
cfjZostf g} ;fj{ef}d l;4fGt aGg yfNof] / s]Gb|Lotf / hgjfbaLrsf] åGåfTds
;DaGwsf] a'emfOdf clwe"tjfb xfjL x'g yfNof] . sf]ldG6g{ / :6flngsf]
kl5Nnf] r/0fdf hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] cEof;df ePsf sdhf]/Lx¿ jf gf]s/zfxL
s]Gb|Lotfsf] a9\bf] cEof;n] gof“ 9+un] kf6L{ lgdf{0f;DaGwL of] dxTjk"0f{
k|Zgdf lglZrt e|d / e8\sfj k}bf ePs} xf], h'g ljljw?kdf ce}m hf/L 5 .
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k|of]u / ljsf;nfO{ g} gof“ o'usf qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] u|x0f ug'{kb{5 / gof“ 9+usf]
kf6L{ lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/zLnf agfpg' kb{5 . ;j{k|yd dfcf]n] hgjfbL
s]Gb|LotfnfO{ æhgtfaf6 lnP/ hgtfnfO{ lbg]Æ k4ltsf] ?kdf / hgjfbsf] hudf
s]Gb|Lotf / æs]Gb|Lotfsf] lgb]{zgdf hgjfbÆ egL tL b'O{ aLrsf] åGåfTds ;DaGwsf]
h'g kl/efiff ug'{eof] Tof] Psbd ;xL 5 . Tof] eGbf klg cem} cl3 a9]/ ;g\
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ljsf;sf] sf];]9'+uf xf] . To;df hgjfb / s]Gb|Lotfsf] cGt/;DaGwaf/] k|i6
kfb}{ elgPsf] 5M– æhgjfbL lagf s'g} ;xL s]Gb|Lotf x'g ;Sb}g lsgsL dflg;x¿sf
ljrf/x¿ km/s x'G5g\ / olb pgLx¿sf] s'g} rLh;DaGwL a'emfOdf Ps?ktf ePg eg]
s]Gb|Lotf :yflkt x'g ;Sb}g . s]Gb|Lotf s] xf] < ;aeGbf klxn] of] ;xL
ljrf/x¿sf] s]Gb|Ls/0f xf], h;sf] cfwf/df ;dembf/L, gLlt, of]hgf, sdfg /
sfjf{xLdf Pstf k|fKt x'G5 . o;nfO{ s]Gb|Ls[t Pstf elgG5 .Æ -:6'cf6{
:sfd, dfcf]T;]t'ª h:tfsf] t:t}, c+u|]hL, k]=!^#–$_ To;nfO{ cem} ;"qa4 u/]/
jxf“n] cufl8 eGg'ePsf] 5 M– æpRr k|sf/sf] hgjfb ljgf pRr k|sf/sf] s]Gb|Lotf k|fKt
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5 .Æ -pxL, k]= !^&_
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:6flngsf] kl5Nnf] sfndf Go"gLs/0f ul/Psf] lyof] / a9\bf] k|zf;lgs tl/sfn]
s]Gb|Lotf lgdf{0f ug]{ ljlw ckgfOPsf] lyof]_ To;nfO{ ;xL ;Gt'ngdf NofP/ gof“
9|usf] hgcfwfl/t kf6L{ lgdf{0fsf] lbzfdf dfcf]n] lbg'ePsf] of]ubfgnfO{ xfd|f]
o'usf qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] 7Ls;“u cg'z/0f ug{' Psbd cfjZos 5 . vf;u/L hgjfbL
s]Gb|Lotfsf] ;xL cEof;sf] sdLn] kf6L{ g]t[Tj sfo{stf{x¿af6 s6\g] / k'/} kf6L{
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k'Uof] To;nfO{ ;RofP/ gof“ 9+usf] kf6L{ lgdf{0f ug'{ cfh Psbd h?/L ePsf]
5 . To;sf] ;fy} kf6L{sf] ToxL gf]s/zfxLs/0f k|lqmofn] ubf{ s]Gb|Lo
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5 . gf]s/zfxL / c/fhstfjfb Pp6} lgDg k""hLjfbL l;Ssfsf b'O{ kf6f
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j[xt\ hgjfbleq plQs} pRr s]Gb|Lotfsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ / cGttM /f]hf nSh]Dju{n]
eGg' eP h:t} …:j}lR5s s]Gb|LotfÚ (self-centrlism) lgdf{0f u/]/ hgjfb /
s]Gb|Lotf b'j}sf] ;fDojfbdf ljnf]kLs/0f ug'{ ;j{xf/fjfbL qmflGtsf/Lx¿sf] clGtd
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n]lggn] eGg' eP em}+ g]tfx¿sf] kf6L{ xf] . ;fy} klxn] n]lggn] / kl5
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abn]/ g} sDo'lgi6x¿n] clGtd ;fDojfbL Wo]o k|fKt ug]{ sf]lz; ug'{k5{ . To;
lx;fan] s'g} klg kf6L{ jf ;+u7gnfO{ em}+ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{nfO{ klg c;fWo}
s]Gb|Ls[t, k|lwsf/k"0f{ / j}1flgs ljrf/n] ;';lHht / ju{ tyf hg;d'bfo;“u
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ju{–;+3if{ / j}rfl/s ;+3if{sf] qmddf ljsl;t / :yflkt x'G5 . P+u]N;n] eGg'
eP em}+ P]ltxfl;s …cfjZostfÚ n] g]t[TjnfO{ hGdfp“5 t/ s'g} JolQm ljz]ifdf Tof]
d"lt{s[t x'G5 eGg] rflx" ljz'4 …cfsl:dtfÚ x'g]5 . o;/L
;j{xf/fjfbL qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] g t slxNo} g]t[Tjsf] cfjZostf / dxTjnfO{
cjd"Nog ug{ x'G5, g t g]t[TjnfO{ Oltxf;sf] pkhf] ;§f Oltxf;nfO{ g]tfx¿sf]
pkh 7fGg] / g]t[Tj :jo+ g} kl5 s'g} lbg ljnf]kLs/0f eP/ hfg] j:t' xf] eGg] s'/f
e'Ng] uNtL ug{ x'G5 . lsgsL cGttM g]t[Tj eg]sf] qmflGtsf/L ljrf/ /
;fd"lxstfsf] s]Gb|Ls[t cleJolQm xf] / Tof] Oltxf;sf] cfjZostfn] k}bf x'G5
/ Tof] cfjZostf k"/f x'g] lalQs} To;sf] klg cj;fg x'G5 . qmflGtsf/L
g]t[Tjsf] cefjdf qmflGtn] 7"nf] wSsf vfg' k/]sf] jf k|ltqmflGts} vt/f
Joxf]g'{ k/]sf] / g]t[TjnfO{ clwe"tjfbL 9+un] k"Hg] k|j[lQn]
gf]s/zfxL k""hLjfbsf] ljsf; u/fpg 7"nf] e"ldsf v]n]sf] ljZj
sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf y'k|} pbfx/0fx¿sf] ;Gbe{df g]t[Tj;DaGwL qmflGtsf/L åGåjfbL
a'emfO{ / g]t[Tjsf] ;xL 9+un] ljsf; tyf p;sf] j}rfl/s tyf ef}lts ;'/Iffsf]
lglDt kf6L{n] xd]zf Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
k/Gt', cGt/f{li6«o
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ltgnfO{ dfn]dfjfbL lj1fgsf] cfwf/df j:t'jfbL 9+un] xn u/]/ gof“ 9+usf] kf6L{
lgdf{0f ug'{ h?/L ePsf] 5 . ljz]iftM u2f/ v'|Zrf]en] slyt JolQm–k'hfsf]
gfp“df :6flngnfO{ k'/} lgif]w ug]{ b'ik|of; u/]kl5 Psfkl§ blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfbL
sf]0faf6 :6flngsf sdhf]/Lx¿nfO{ ;d]t cfbzL{s/0f ug]{ / k'/fgf] tyf unt ;fljt
e};s]sf] g]t[Tj k|0ffnL ;d]t c"7\ofP/ a:g] ljrngjfbL k|j[lQ cS;/ b]vf kg'{
:jfefljs ePsf] 5 . vf;u/L g]t[Tj …;fd"lxsÚ ls …JolQmutÚ eGg]
clwe"tjfbL 9+un] klg k|Zg p7\g] / p7fOg] u/]sf 5g\ . …;jf]{Rr
g]t[Tjdf Pssf] b'O{df ljefhgsf] lgod nfu' x'b}gÚ cflb h:tf g]t[Tj;DaGwL s]xL
unt dfGotfsf sf/0f klg k]?sf] qmflGtn] wSsf vfg' k/]sf] l:yltaf6 ;d]t kf7 l;s]/
xfdL cl3 a9\g' k/]sf] 5 .
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qmflGtsf/L g]t[Tjsf] k|s[ltaf/] :ki6 ub}{ elgPsf] 5 –ækf6L{;“u l:y/ vfnsf]
g]t[Tjsf] Go"sn; x'g'kb{5, h'g nfdf] k/LIffdf pQL0f{ g]tfx¿sf] ;d"xn]
ag]sf] x'g'k5{, hf] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf] ;fj{ef}d ;RrfOnfO{ qmflGtsf] 7f];
Jojxf/;“u Psfsf/ u/fpg lgk"0f{ x'G5g\ .Æ -rLlgof sDo'lgi6 kf6L{,
dxf–ljjfb c+u|]hL, k]= !)$_
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nfn / lgk'0f g]t[Tjsf] >[+vnf ljsf; ub}{ n}hfg] gLlt to u/]sf] 5 / To;nfO{
7Ls;“u cfTd;ft u/]/ sfof{Gjog ug{ ljz]if Wofg lbg'k/]sf] 5 .
g]t[Tj;“u hf]l8Psf]
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qmflGtsf/L pQ/flwsf/Lx¿sf] cefjdf Toxf“ k|ltqmflGt ;lhn} ;DkGg x'g ;s]sf] lttf]
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ug]{ s'/fnfO{ ljz]if dxTj lbg h?/L ePsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf ?;L k|ltqmflGtaf6
kf7 l;s]/ dfcf]n] dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf] sfndf ænfvf}+ nfv
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bx|f];“u kqmg h?/L 5 . To;} qmddf dfcf]n] …Ps–df–tLgÚ sf] l;4fGt cg';f/
a[4, k|f}9 / o'jf g]t[Tjsf] h'g l6d dflyb]lv tn;Dd tof/ ug]{ k|of; ug'{ePsf] lyof],
To;nfO{ klg 7Ls;“u cfTd;ft u/]/ a]n}b]lv nfu" ug{ cfjZos 5 . cflv/
g]t[Tj eg]sf] ;xL ljrf/wf/f / /fhg}lts sfo{lbzfdfkm{t\ nfu" x'g] ePsf]n]
;xL ljrf/ / /fhgLltdf cfd hg;d'bfonfO{ k|lzlIft u/]/ dfq} qmflGtsf/L
pQ/flwsf/Lx¿sf] cgGt >[+vnf tof/ ug{ ;lsg]5 . g]t[Tj eg]sf] ljrf/ /
/fhgLlt, ;+u7g / ;+3if{sf] ;d'Rr of]u x'"bfx'"b} klg To;df ljrf/ /
/fhgLlt g} k|wfg x'g] x'gfn] ljrf/ / /fhgLltnfO{ pk]Iff u/]/ ;+u7gfTds jf
tTsfnLg Jojxfl/s lx;fan] dfq g]t[Tj jf pQ/flwsf/Lsf] >[+vnf sfod ug]{ k|oTg
;xL / ;kmn x'g ;Sb}g eGg] s'/f cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf cg'ejx¿n] l;4
ul/;s]sf 5g\ . o; cltl/Qm kf6L{, ;]gf / ;/sf/df Pp6} JolQmsf] g]t[Tj sfod
ug]{ k4ltnfO{ TofUb} dfcf]n] kl5Nnf] r/0fdf ;a} If]qdf ;j{xf/f ju{ / kf6L{sf]
PsLs[t g]t[Tj nfu' ug]{ t/ Pp6} JolQm kf6L{ jf ;/sf/sf] cfhLjg g]t[Tjdf a:g]
c3f]lift k/Dk/faf/] gof“ 9+un] ;f]Rg klg casf qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] ;fx;
ug}{k5{ . ;fy} åGåjfbsf] lgod cg';f/ g} ;xL ljrf/ / g]t[TjnfO{ :yflkt ug'{
;“u;“u} kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngdf ljBdfg cj;/jfbL ljrf/ / g]t[TjnfO{ cfd?kdf g+Uofpg /
hg;d'bfonfO{ lrgfO{ /fVg klg gof“ o'usf qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] Wofg lbg'k5{ eGg] s'/f
u2f/ t]Ën] k'gM kf6L{df jfk; eP/ k|ltqmflGtsf] g]t[Tj u/]sf] 36gfn] l;4 u/]sf]
5 . o; k|;+udf æl;4fGt, nfOg jf lbzf;DaGwL 7"nf] uNtLsf] g]t[Tj
u/]sfx¿nfO{ ;Rofpg ufx|f] x'G5Æ -dfcf]T;]–t'ª h:tfsf] t:t}, k]= @($_ eg]/
dfcf]n] ug'{ePsf] d"Nof+sgnfO{ dx]zf :d/0f ul//fVg' pkof]uL x'g]5 .
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k|Zg M ljutdf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x¿sf] ktg / k|ltqmflGtsf] Pp6f d'Vo cfwf/ kf6L{sf]
hg;d'bfo;“u ;DaGw ljR5]b x'gk'Ug' lyof] . z'?df kf6L{nfO{ …cu|b:tfÚ sf]
?kdf kl/eflift ug]{ qmddf g} n]lggn] hg;d'bfoaf6 s6]df cu|b:tfn] cfkm\gf]
cu|b:tfsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;Sg] 5}g egL o;/L va/bf/L ug'{ePsf] lyof]M–
æPp6f cu|b:tfn] cu|b:tfsf] ?kdf cfkm\gf] e"ldsf ta dfq} k"/f ug{ ;S5
ha pm cfkm"n] g]t[Tj ug]{ hgtfb]lv s6\gaf6 aRg ;kmn ;kmn x'G5 / ;f“Rr} g}
;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfonfO{ cu|ufdL lbzfdf g]t[Tj ug{ ;Ifd x'G5 .Æ -n]lgg,
;+slnt /rgf -c+u|]hL_, efu ##, k]=@@&_
k/Gt' kf6L{ /
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qmdzM cf}krfl/stfjfbdf ;Lldt x'b} uPkl5 / hg;d'bfo;“u k|ToIf hf]l8g] cGo
k|efjsf/L ;+/rgfx¿ ;+:yfut x'g g;s]kl5 kf6L{x¿ hg;d'bfoaf6 s6\g] / gf]s/zfxL
;+oGqdf ablng] k|lqmof tLj| aGb} uof] . kf6L{leq / ljleGg txsf hg;/sf/x¿sf
lglDt x'g] lgjf{rgx¿ kmut cf}krfl/stfdf kl/0ft x'"b} uPsf]n] klg kf6L{ /
hg;d'bfoaLrsf] b'/L a9\g' :jfefljs lyof] .
To;sf] lgbfg :j?kn]
dfcf]n] rLlgof“ qmflGtsf] bf}/fgdf ljsl;t ug'{ePsf] hglbzf (Mass Line) sf] gLlt
/ To;sf] pTsif{df ;+Zn]lift ug'{ ePsf] dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf]
cjwf/0ff -h'g s/f]8f}+ hgtfdf rnfOPsf] …hg;d'bfosf] hgjfbÚ It mass democracy
sf] ;jf]{Qd gd"gf lyof]_ – nfO{ casf] o'usf qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] z'?b]lv g}
;+:yfut u/]/ n}hfg cToGt h?/L 5 . æhgtfaf6 lnP/ hgtfnfO{ b]pÆ, æhgtfsf]
;]jf u/Æ, æhgtf g} Oltxf;sf lgdf{tf x'g\Æ, æhgtf df6f] x'g\, sDo'lgi6x¿ lap
x'g\Æ, æhgtf kfgL x'g\, 5fkfdf/x¿ df5f x'g\Æ cflb ;/n / hgefiffsf gf/fx¿df
cleJoQm, Tof] hglbzfsf] gLltn] kf6L{, ;]gf / hg;/sf/nfO{ xd]zf hgtf;“u hf]l8g /
hgtfsf] lgu/fgLdf /xg lgb]{lzt ub{5 . sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf h8 alg;s]sf
sltko k/Dk/futjfbL dfGotfx¿nfO{ Roftr"t kfb}{ kf6L{sf g]tf /
sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ u}/–kf6L{ hg;d'bfon], cvaf/, ;ef–h'n'; jf 7"nf leQf kf]i6/
dfkm{t\ cfnf]rgf ug{ kfOg] h'g ljlw dfcf]sf] rLgdf ;+:yfut ul/Psf] lyof] To;af6
cfhsf qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] uDeL/?kn] l;Sg h?/L 5 . To;sf] Pp6f ;6Ls pbfx/0f
dfcf]sf] lgDg egfOnfO{ lng ;lsG5M–
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avf{:buL lglDt l;kmfl/; ug]{, cyjf pgLx¿nfO{ kf6L{af6 lgisf;g lglDt l;kmfl/;
ug]{ / ;fy} ;aeGbf v/fa tTjx¿nfO{ d'2f rnfpg / bl08t ug{sf] lglDt hgcbfntnfO{
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k]= !*^_
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k|lt:kwf{ gx'g] sf/0fn] aflx/af6 kf6L{sf] s'g} k|efjsf/L cfnf]rgf jf lgu/fgL /
lgoGq0f geP/ klg kf6L{n] ;lhn} /+u abn]sf] tYonfO{ gsfg{ ;lsGg . To;}n]
gof“ cg'ejsf cfwf/df kf6L{n] ;j{xf/fjuL{o rl/q u'dfPdf To;nfO{ ;Qfaf6 x6fpg
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uDeL/tfk"j{s ;f]Rg' kb{5 . u[xo'4sflng sltko tLtf cg'ejx¿kl5 kl5Nnf]
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dfu{df cl3 al9/xg] j:t'ut kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f u/L ljz]if hf]8 ug'{kb{5 .
;j{xf/f ju{sf] Pp6f sfo{z}nL eg]sf] b'j} …nfnÚ / …lgk'0fÚ x'g] / d'Vo ?kn] …nfnÚ
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xf] . tNnf] ju{af6 cfPsfx¿nfO{ lg/Gt/ kf6L{ / ;Qfsf sfddf k|>o lbP/ /
dfgl;s >d ug]{x¿nfO{ zf/Ll/s >ddf ;xefuL agfP/ kf6L{leq leGg ju{x¿sf]
pkl:ylt d]6fp“b} n}hfg ljz]if Wofg lbg'kb{5 . To;/L g} cfnf]rgf /
cfTdcfnf]rgfsf] k4ltnfO{ s8fOk"j{s cg'z/0f u/]/ cfjlws?kn] unt lrGtg /
sfo{z}nLsf lj?4 z'4Ls/0f cleofg -h;df j}rfl/s z'4Ls/0f, /fhg}lts z'4Ls/0f
;f“u7lgs z'4Ls/0f / ;f“:s[lts z'4Ls/0f kb{5g\_ rnfP/ kf6L{sf] lg/Gt/ ;j{xf/fs/0f
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ljnf]kLs/0fsf] k|ZgM dfS;{ / P+u]N;åf/f lnlvt æsDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] 3f]if0ff kqÆ
df elgP em}+ sDo'lgi6x¿sf] Wo]o klxn] ;j{xf/f ju{nfO{ …zf;s ju{sf] ?kdf :yflkt
ug]{Ú -jf ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj sfod ug]{_ / cGTodf …ju{sf] ?kdf cfkm\g} cflwkTosf]
cGTo ug]{Ú xf] . o;/L z'?df alnof] ;Qf jf juL{o clwgfosTjsf] ;fwg aGg] /
cGttM ;a}vfn] ju{ / ;Qf;lxt kf6L{sf] ?kdf cfkm\g} cl:tTj ;dfKt kfg]{ Wo]odf
nfUg] cGt/lj/f]wL sfdsf] z'?b]lv g} ;+of]hg ug]{ k|Zg g} gof“ 9+usf] kf6L{
lgdf{0fsf] ;a}eGbf r'gf}ltk"0f{ sfd xf] . ljutdf alnof] ;j{xf/fjuL{o
;Qfsf] lgdf{0fsf] cjlw;Dd t kf6L{n] ;xh 9+un] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;s]sf] t/
To;nfO{ …clGtd nIoÚ ;Dd n}hfg] lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] k|Zgdf g/fd|/L k/flht ePsf] s6'
P]ltxfl;s oyfy{ xfd|f] ;fd'Gg] 5 . oxL+g]/ dfcf]sf] g]t[Tjdf ;DkGg
æ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj cGtu{t lg/Gt/ qmflGtÆ sf cg'ejx¿nfO{ xfdLn] 7Ls;“u u|x0f
ug'{ / To;nfO{ k|:yfg ljGb' dfg]/ cfkm\gf] dfu{ lglb{i6 ug'{ xfd|f] sl7g bfloTj
ag]sf] 5 .
;fy} oxL+g]/ …cfjZostfÚ
/ …:jtGqtfÚ sf] b'lgof“sf] s'/f k|an ag]/ cfp“b5 . lglZrt?kn] clxn] xfdL
cfjZostfsf] b'lgof“df 5f}+ . tTsfn} To;nfO{ gf3]/ hfg ;Sg] l:yltdf 5}gf}+
To;}n] clxn] cfjZostfsf] kIf g} k|wfg xf] . t/ åGåjfbsf] lgod cg';f/
cfjZostfsf] b'lgof“ klg ultzLn / kl/jt{gzLn 5 / Tof] cfkm\g} 9+un] :jtGqtfsf]
b'lgof“lt/ cl3 al9/xG5 . km]l/ dfG5]sf] r]tgfsf] klg e"ldsf x'G5 .
To;}n] dfcf]n] eGg'ePsf] lyof] –
æcfjZostfnfO{ a'‰g' / cfjZostfnfO{ abNg' :jtGqtf xf] . cfjZostfnfO{
a'em]/ dfq k'Ub}g, xfdLn] j:t'nfO{ abNg' klg k5{ .Æ -dfcf]T;]t'Ë h:tfsf]
t:t}, k] @@*_
sd;]sd casf] gof“ 9+usf] kf6L{df of] r]tgf ljsl;t x'g}k5{ . To;/L
dfq xfdLn] dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] dd{nfO{ a'‰g]5f}+ / cfjZostfsf]
b'lgof“sf] …;j{xf/f clwgfosTj / :jtGqtfÚ sf] b'lgof“ pGd'v …lg/Gt/ qmflGtÚ nfO{
Ps};fy ;dfof]hg u/]/ n}hfg] af6f] k}Nofpg ;Sg]5f}+ . oxL ;+of]hgsf] k|Zg
g} ;DejtM PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf ;j{xf/fjfbL qmflGtsf/Lx¿sf lgldQ ;aeGbf 7"nf]
;}4flGts / Jojxfl/s r'gf}lt xf] .
o:tf] Ps} ;fy …cfjZostfÚ sf] b'lgof“df plePsf] t/ …:jtGqtfÚ sf]
b'lgof“lt/ pGd'v gof“ 9+usf] kf6L{sf yk ljz]iftf s] s] x'g'knf{ t <
cfjZostfsf] b'lgof“;“u ;DalGwt w]/} s'/f dfly eO;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] b"/
eljiosf] a9L s'/f ug'{ ;do eGbf klxn]sf] s'/f x'g]5, t/ dfcf]sf] g]t[Tjdf
;+rflnt dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtn] ljsl;t u/]sf s]xL d"No dfGotf /
cjwf/0ffnfO{ xfdLn] ;+:yfut ug]{ k|of; eg] ug}{k5{ . To;df ;aeGbf
dxTjk"0f{ klxnf] s'/f kf6L{leq ;a} vfn] cj;/jfb, ;+zf]wgjfb / k|ltlqmofjfb
lj?4 ljb|f]x ug]{ efjgfnfO{ ;+:yfut ug'{ xf] . lsgsL dfcf]n] …dfS;{jfbsf
xhf/f}+ ;Tox¿nfO{ Pp6} jfSodf vf“b]/ eGg ;lsG5Ú eGb} ;"qa4 ug'{ ePsf] gf/f
…ljb|f]x ug'{ 7Ls xf]Ú (It is right to rebel) af6 l;Sg' eg]sf] ToxL xf] .
vf;u/L ljutdf sf]ldG6g{sf] df]8]ndf ag]sf kf6L{x¿df Jojxf/tM s]Gb|Lo lgsfo /
s]xL d'¶Le/ g]tfx¿ dfq j}rfl/s?kn] ;lqmo /xg] / clwsf+z tNnf lgsfo / sfo{stf{x¿
j}rfl/s?kn] lgliqmo dfq xf]Og Ps k|sf/n] dflyNnf] sld6Lsf bAa' cfb]zkfns /
:jtGq 9+un] 7Ls a]7Ls 5'§fpg g;Sg] c;xfo k|f0fLdf kl/0ft x'"b} uP/ cj;/jfb
/ k|ltqmflGtsf lj?4 ljb|f]x ug{ g;Sg] l:ylt ag]sfn] casf] gof“ 9+usf] kf6L{df
;a}n] j:t' / 36gfnfO{ åGåfTds 9+un] a'‰g] / a]7Lssf lj?4 ;fx;k"j{s ljb|f]x
ug]{ kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f ul/g'kb{5 . bf];|f] s'/f, Tof] ljb|f]xdf hglbzfsf]
;xL k|of]unfO{ ;+of]hg ug'{ xf] . Oltxf;sf lgdf{tf hgtf / dfS;{jfbL
lj1fgsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] ;To …lab|f]xÚ sf] plrt ;+of]hg x'g ;s]sf dfq To:tf]
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ;fDojfbsf] …clGtd nIoÚ ;Dd cu|;/ x'g ;Sg]5 . cu|ufdL
r]tgf;lxtsf] ;fd'lxstfn] dfq ljb|f]xnfO{ ;xL lbzfdf n}hfg ;Sg] cGoyf lj;h{g /
c/fhstfjfbsf] bnbndf km;fpg] ePsf]n] gof“ 9+usf] kf6L{ …hglbzfÚ / …ljb|f]xÚ sf]
;+of]hg (fusion) 7Ls 9+un] u/fpg ljz]if Wofg lbg'k5{ . t];|f] s'/f,
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ :jo+ ;fWo geP/ Pp6f ;fwg dfq xf] . Oltxf;sf] pkh tyf Ps lbg
gi6 x'g] j:t' xf] eGg] r]tgf z'?b]lv g} k|jflxt ug'{ xf] . lsgsL To;/L dfq
kf6L{nfO{ …kljq ufO{Ú (Holy cow) / h8 j:t'df kl/0ft ug]{ ?l9jfbL k|j[lQsf] cGTo
eP/ kf6L{nfO{ ultzLn 9+un] ?kfGt/0f ub}{ hfg] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f x'g]5 . To;
;Gbe{df dfcf]sf] lgDg egfO{nfO{ xd]zf Wofg /fVg' pkof]uL x'g]5 .
æsDo'lgi6 kf6L{ / hgjfbL kf6L{x¿ ;a} Oltxf;sf pkh x'g\ . Oltxf;df
h] hGdG5 Tof] Oltxf;d} ljnLg x'G5 . To;}n], Pslbg sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ljnLg
x'g]5, / To;/L g} hgjfbL kf6L{x¿ klg ljnLg x'g]5g\ . s] of] ljlngLs/0f
Tolt g/dfOnf] 5 < d]/f] ljrf/df Tof] w]/} /dfOnf] x'g]5 . dnfO{ nfU5
of] 7Ls} s'/f xf] ls Ps lbg xfdL sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ / ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjsf] cGTo ug{
;Ifd x'g]5f}+ . xfd|f] sfd ltgLx¿sf] cj;fgnfO{ zL3| t'NofO lbg'
xf] .Æ -dfcf] T;]–t'Ë, æbz k|d'v ;DaGwx¿af/]Æ, 5flgPsf /rgfx¿ -c+u|]hL_,
efu–%, k]= @(&_
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n]lggn] eGg' eP em}+
ædfS;{jfb s'g} h8j:t' geP/ Jojxf/sf] lglDt dfu{ lgb]{zg xf]Æ . To;/L g}
dfS;{jfbsf] cFTdf eg]sf] æqmflGtsf/L åGåjfbÆ / To;sf] æcfnf]rgfTds efjgfÆ
xf] . ;f/f+zdf åGåfTds tyf P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL k|0ffnL g} dfn]dfjfbsf]
;f/tTj xf] . To;}n] xfdLn] ;+;f/sf ;a} j:t' / 36gfx¿nfO{ ltgLx¿sf] lg/Gt/
ultzLntf / kl/jt{gzLntfdf x]g'{ kb{5 / ljut 8]9 ;o jif{sf] ljZj sDo'lgi6
cfGbf]ng / y'k|} qmflGt tyf k|ltqmflGtx¿sf cg'ejsf cfwf/df ;j{xf/f ju{sf] kf6L{
/ To;sf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf tyf k4ltnfO{ klg P]ltxfl;s ultzLntfdf g} x]g'{ / a'‰g
;Sg'kb{5 . cGttM ;+;f/df …u'dfpgsf] lglDt s]xL gePsf]Ú Oltxf;sf] ;aeGbf
cu|ufdL ju{ ;j{xf/fju{sf] ;r]t cu|b:tf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] ;Rrf ;j{xf/fjuL{o rl/q
sfod ug{ ;S5 ls ;Sb}g / To;n] gof“ hgjfbL / ;dfhjfbL qmflGtb]lv ;j{xf/f
;f+:s[lts qmflGtx¿sf c;+Vo >[+vnfx¿ kf/ ub}{ lg/Gt/ qmflGtdfkm{t\ ljZjJofkL
ju{ljxLg / /fHoljxLg ;fDojfbsf] :yfkgf u/]/ cfkm\g} ljnf]kLs/0f x'g] l:ylt
l;h{gf ug{ g]t[Tj k|bfg ug{ ;S5 ls ;Sb}g eGg] s'/f g} qmflGtsf] ;jf{lws
dxTjk"0f{ k|Zg ePsfn] xfdLn] clxn];Ddsf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf ;d:ofx¿nfO{
laNs'n qmflGtsf/L åGåjfbL / cfnf]rgfTds 9+un] ;dLIff u/]/ gof“ 9+usf] kf6L{sf]
hu a;fNg] ;fx; ug}{k5{ .
o; ;fGbe{df xfdLn] ;a}
vfn] blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfbL tyf ?l9jfbL / c/fhstfjfbL ljrngx¿af6 ;ts{ /xb} d'Vo
?kn] n]lggn] ljsl;t ug'{ ePsf kf6L{;DaGwL l;4fGt / tLaf/] jfdkGyL qmflGtsf/L
sf]0faf6 /f]hf nUh]Dju{n] p7fpg' ePsf sltko k|Zgx¿nfO{ ;d]t Wofg lbb} / tL dfly
kl5Nnf] r/0fdf dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsfndf dfcf]n] yk ljsl;t ug'{ ePsf
cjwf/0ffx¿nfO{ bx|f];“u kqmb} gof“ cfjZostf cg'?k tL ;a}eGbf cl3 a9]/ gof“
9+usf] kf6L{ lgdf{0f ug]{ lxDdt ug'{k5{ . xfd|f] kf6L{sf] P]ltxfl;s
bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] ;+Zn]lift u/]sf] gjLgtd ljrf/ >[+vnf dfn]dfjfb /
k|r08kysf] dd{ / Oltxf;n] xfdLdfly ;'Dk]sf] gof“ lhDd]jf/L oxL xf] .
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