ljZjsf] ;]/f]km]/f] – g/]Gb| h+u
lk6/
;fd|fHojfbn] ljZjdf km}nfPsf
Pg=lh=cf]=x?
hxf“–hxf“ ljb|f]xn] df}lns ?k lnb} qmflGtsf lbzf
klxNofpb} hfG5, Toxf“–Toxf“ cfuf]df kfgL p8]Ng cyjf 3fpdf dNxd k§L nufpg
cg]sf}+ ?k, /+u / jfxgfsf sof}+ ;+u7gx? k'Ug] ub{5g\ . qmflGtsf] d'n Wo]oaf6 e6\sfpg] pb]Zo lnP/ To:tf ;+:yfx? hgtfsf]
7'nf] lx:;fnfO{ lemgf–dl;gf ljifod} cNemfP/ ljb|f]x l;lyn kfg]{ sfd ub{5g\ . cfh h'g tl/sfn] Pl;of,
clkm|sf / Nofl6g cd]l/sf qmflGtsf t'kmfgL s]Gb|df km]l/b} 5g\ , P08]hsf kxf8
b]lv lrofkf;sf] h+un x'b} ;fd|fHojfbs} 3/ cfugaf6 ;d]t lxdfnosf uh{g ;'Gg
yflnPsf] 5 . tj ljb|f]xdf kfgL p8]Ng] u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf -Pg=hL=cf]=_ sf] ultljlw
klg cGt/fli6«o g]6js{ d} ljsf; ePsf] 5 . pgLx? ælhDd]jf/L k"j{sÆ cfkm\gf
qmflGt lj/f]wL e"ldsf lgefO{ /x]sf 5g . em§ x]bf{ qmflGtsf/Lx?n] p7fpg]
gf/f em}+ nfUg] hftLjfb, g:njfb lj/f]w, pTkLl8t hflt, e]s, ln+u, ju{sf] z;lQms/0f,
ul/jL lgjf/0f / ;fIf/tf cleofg h:tf gf/f lnP/ k'Ug] o:tf ;+:yfx? ljb|f]xaf6
Wofg x6fpg] u'?of]hgfsf Pp6f lx:;f dfq} x'g . ltgLx? ljsl;t b]zdf dhb'/
cfGbf]ngnfO{ jf]wf] jgfpg] ub{5g\ eg] slxn] sfxL e"–d08nLs/0f, ljZjj}+ssf
e"ldsf lj/f]wL h:tf] klg b]lvg] x'bf o:tf ;+:yf -u}/ ;/sf/L
;+:yf—Pg=hL=cf]=_ / qmflGtsf/L ;+u7g aLr ;fdfGo cj:yfdf km/s 5'6\ofpg ;d]t
ufx|f] kb{5 . uDeL/ ljifox?sf] ljifofGt/ u/fpg] u|fO08l8hfOg cg';f/ ;+rflnt
;fd|fHojfbsf :yfgLo /fhb't o:tf ;+:yfx?sf ‘;fdflhs k|ltj4tf dfjgclwsf/ / ;Kg
b|:6f’ ultljlwn] e|d l;h{gf u/]/ sof}+ OdfGbf/ ;dfh;]jL / jf:tljs gful/s ;dfh
5lsG5g t/ ;fd|fHojfbsf ljZj;lgo rfs/x? Toxf“ gf+uf] x'G5g\, hxf“ cfGbf]ngn]
Jojxfl/s ?k lnO{/x]sf] x'G5 .
cfh ;+;f/ el/g} qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ng e/e/fpbf]
cj:yfdf 5 . lylu|P/ /x]sf cGtlj/f]w ;txdf b]lvb}5g\ . b'i6 k|ltsf] 3[0ff
ljb|f]xdf km]l/b}+ ;+3if{sf] jf6f]df j9\b}5g\ . ltgLx? cf–cfkm\g} :yfg / kl/j]z
cg';f/ ljsf; x'b} 5g\ st} o'4sf lj/f]df, st} /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ng, st} hgtGq,
st} h"emf? ju{;+3if{sf ?k lnP/ . k'hLjfbsf] gf+uf] cg'xf/ lx+;s ;fd|fHojfb
hj cfkm\gf bnfn zf;saf6 ljb|f]x dYy/ ug{ c;dy{ eof] / p;sf ;}lgs x:tIf]k
cfuf]df l3p yk] em}+ x'g yfNof] tj p;n] Pp6f gLlt tof/ u¥of] æhxf+ n8g' 5 —ToxL
n8fO{ vhgf tof/ u/Æ o;} gLltdf cfGbf]ngsf s]Gb| / ;+efljt ljb|f]xsf] dd{:yn
k|xf/ ug{ :yfgLo ?kd} cfkm\gf /fhb't tof/ ug{ nfUof] . To;}sf] jf}l4s kl/0ffd
g} xf8sf] 6'qmf] lbP/ ToxL cNdNofpg] tl/sf eg]sf] cfh ljleGg ?k / /+u lnP/
;+;f/ e/L g} km}lnPsf Pg=hL=cf]= ;+:s[lt xf] .
j}slNks
/fHo zlQmsf] ?kdf clxn] b]lvPsf] Pg=hL=cf]= ;+:s[lt PsfPs cfPsf] ge} Tof]
;fd|fHojfbsf] nfdf] cg'ejsf] Pp6f lx:;f xf] . wfld{s dl;xL kl/kf6L /
‘wd{lg/k]If dfjgtfjfbL’ vf]n RofltPkl5 gof“ cfj/0f Pg=hL=cf]= ;+:s[lt To; j]nf
j9\of] hj ;fd|fHojfbn] ;fDojfb lj?4 h]xfb 5]8\of] . % dO{ !($*df dlgnfdf ePsf]
cd]l/sg d]yf]l8:6 rr{n] ;fDojfb lj?4 cleofgdf % s/f]8 8n/ vr{ ug]{ k|:tfj
u¥of], h'g j]nf k"jL{ Pl;of ju{ ;+3if{sf] t'kmfgL s]Gb| jg]sf] lyof] .
cg]sf}+ ‘dfgjtfjfbL’ cfj/0f / ljb|f]xsf] j}slNks :j?k h:tf] b]lvg] c;Gtf]if
cufl8 j9L/x]sf d'n'sdf cfkm\gf jkmfbf/x?nfO{ hg;dy{g lbnfpg] / ef}lts ;xof]u
u/]/ lg0f{os n8fO{df oyfl:yltsf /Ifs jGg] ub{5g\ , h;/L lrnLsf nf]sk|Lo P]n]08]
;/sf/ jvf{:t ubf{ xf]; of gfOh]l/ofsf] t]n k|wfg cuf]gL If]qdf xf]; . oL
‘lqml6sn’ Pg=hL=cf]= x?sf] e"ldsf cem To;j]nf gfluof] hj rLnLsf lkgf];]
zf;gsfn, sf]l/ofsf] kfs{ r' xLnfO{ oyf:yfgdf cfVg ul/Psf] e"ldsfnfO{ b]Vg
;lsG5 . a}rfl/s cfGbf]ngaf6 x6fP/ JolQmut :jfy{df pNemfpb} cfkm\gf jkmfbf/
tfgfzfxsf] ;]jf h;/L &) sf] bzsdf O08f]lglzof, yfOn]08 / k]? *) sf] bzsdf
lgsf/fu'jf, lrnL / lkmlnlkG;, () sf] bzsdf cn ;Njf8f]/, Ujf6]dfnf sf]l/ofsf]
s/f]8f}+ 8n/ ;fd|fHojfbx?n] j9fP clxn]
klg qmflGtsf t'kmfgL s]Gb|df gof“—gof“ ?k, /+u / cfj/0fdf ;fd|fHojfbsf rf/sx?
b]lvPsf 5g\ eg] sof}+ c1fgtfj; r'nf] rf}sf] hf]8\g]sf] gfddf cfkm\gf ;]jf
;fd|fHojfbLx?nfO{ g} ck{0f ul//x]sf 5g\ .
cfh ljZj
;+u7gsf ?kdf ;fd|fHojfbsf cfj/0f jg]sf ;+:yfx? ljZj j}+s, cGt/fli6«o
d'b|fsf]if, ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g, Uof6 nufot so}+g b]zsf cfGtl/s dfdnfdf bvn dfq
lbO/x]sf] 5}g ;fd|fHojfbsf lxtsf k|ltlglwTj ;d]t ul//x]sf 5g\ . pTkfbgsf ;fwg /
;|f]tdfly sAhf ul//x]sf 5g\ . lghLs/0f / pbfl/s/0fsf gfddf /fHon] lbg] ;]jf
;'ljwfaf6 jlGrt ePsf 5g\ hgtfx? . o;n] t];|f] ljZjsf d'n'sdf ljb|f]x lj:kmf]6s
?kdf b]vf kl//x]sf 5 / To;}nfO{ dnxd k§L nufpg cufl8 ;l//x]sf Pg=hL=cf]= . d'n
ljifoaf6 Wofg ljsif{0f dfq} 5}g /fhgLlts ;d:ofsf] xn u}/ /fhgLlts ?kdf x'G5,
ug{ kb{5 eg]/ :yfgLo ?kdf oyfl:yltjfbsf] ;]jf ul//x]sf 5g\ eg] cGt/fli6«o /kdf
;fd|fHojfbL rfs/ jg]/ p;sf] :yfgLo /fhb't jGb5g\ – logLx? .
cfh
Pg=hL=cf]= sf] sf/vfgfdf ;+j]bgzLn ljifonfO{ ljkfGt/ ug]{ jhf/ cy{tGq k|efljt
j'l4lhjL dfq} 5}g lt e"tk"j{ qmflGtsf/Lx? klg kb{5g\ . ltgLx? ;fdflhs
;d:ofsf] j}1flgs JofVof ljZn]if0f t ub{5g / c;Gtf]ifsf] efiff klg jf]Nb5g, hg
:t/df df};dL cfqmf]ifdf klg ptfb{5g t/ x/]s k|Zgsf] pq/ lt lemgf dl;gf ljifodf
dfq} s]Gb|Lt x'G5g\ , ;+ul7t x'g lbb}gg\ . /fhgLlts ultljlwjf6 6f9f x'g pkb]z
lbG5g\ yfs]sf jf lkG;]g kfPsf qmflGtsf/L / jf}l4s knfog ePsf j'l4lhjLsf]
cf>o :yn jg]sf] Pg=hL=cf]=qm'/ k"“hLjfbn] gf+uf] ;d|fHojfbL cg'xf/
lnPkl5 cg]sf}+ jfxfgf / pkfodf Toxf“sf] ljb|f]xL hgdtnfO{ ljnfl;tfdf 8'jfpg',
e|d / k]G;gjfnf qmflGtsf/LnfO{ l;+uf/]/ ‘ljlzi6, ljz]if1’ jgfpg' cyjf
cGt/fli6«o k'/:s[t ug'{df b]lvPsf 5g\ .
lsG;n]sf
cfbz{ Pj+ pbf/jfbL k"“hLjfbsf] nuf}+6L jhf/ cy{tGq / jx'/fli6«os/0f gfddf
clxn] RofltPsf] 5 . j]:6 km]lnofsf]
;lGwaf6 z'? ePsf] /fi6«–/fHosf] cjwf/0ff dfli6«s ;lGwn] cGt ul/lbPsf] 5 .
s/kf]/]6 Joj:yfn] ‘;+;f/sf k"“hLklt Ps xf}+ eGg] dfGotf cufl8 ;f/]sf] dfq}
5}g —csf]{ jif{ v/jkltsf] k+lQmdf ;fd]n x'g ;+;f/s} n'6]/fx? kmf]A;{ Dof/fy'gdf
;xefuL ePsf x'G5g\ . o; lrGtfn] b'lgofs} wgklt ljnu|]6\; b]lv rf]sdf u|fxs
?ª\g] ;fx'hLnfO{ klg ;tfPs} 5.
pbf/tf / cfbz{df gt qm'/ k"“hLjfb l6ls/xg
;Sb}gYof] gt pgLx?sf dltof/ zf;sx? g} . To;}n] cfkm'lj?4sf] cfqmf]lift hgdt v8f
ug{ ef8fsf j'l4hLjL / hgtfsf] ldl;|t cleJolQm Pg=hL=cf]= gfddf b]vf k¥of] /
ltgLx? ljb|f]xsf s]Gb|df qmflGt lj/f]wL e"ldsf b]vf kg{ yfn] . j}slNks
b[li6sf]0f tof/ kfg]{ cdTo{;]g h:tfnfO{ gf]jn k'/:sf/n] l;ufg{ yflnof] eg] ;fd|fHojfbs} y}nLaf6 d]u];];]
k'/:sf/ klg jf“l8g yfn] . hgtfsf hNbf jNbf ;d:of p7fpg] hgks8sf] g]t[Tjsf
7fp“df Pg=hL=cf]= g]tfx? gful/s ;dfhsf gf/f xTofpg] k|of; dfq ug{ nfu]gg\
cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] 7fp“df ;fd|fHojfb s} csf]{ rfs/sf] hgdt tof/ ug{ klg nfu]
. blIf0f clkm|sfsf] cfGbf]ngdf cfd'n kl/jt{gsf/L e"ldsfnfO{ clkm|sg g];gn
sf+u|];df l;ldt kfg{ rr{ / Pg=hL=cf]=sf] e"ldsf h;/L /Xof] To;}ul/+
kf]Nof08sf] dhb'/ cfGbf]ngsf] e|li6s/0f u/]/ n]v jlnG;fnfO{ l;uf{g' klg
pbf/x0fs} ?kdf lng ;lsG5 .
cfh ljZjJofkL ?kdf ;fd|fHojfbn] cfkm\gf :yfgLo rfs/x?af6 qmflGt lj/f]wL zf;s k|ltsf/ cleofg h'g tl/sfn] rfn]sf] 5 / k};f Pj+ ;'ljwfx?n] æhgcfGbf]ngsf/L dfgjtfjfbLÆ Pj+ e"tk"j{ qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ bfgf kfgL dfq} x}g, vfgf / d}y'g d} l;dlt kf/]sf] 5 . of] Pp6f ;fdflhs k|li6s/0f qmflGtlj/f]wL j}lZjs u'?of]hgfsf] z;Qm u}/ ;}lgs e"ldsf -hf] k|ToIf ;}lgs sfjf{xL eGbf klg vt/f x'G5 / p;sf Kofbfx? ;f]sf_ dGbljif em}+ x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . h;sf] ;zQm k|ltsf/ gu/L qmflGtsf cfwf/e"t ;d:of xn x'g ;Sb}gg\ .