o;k6s
jftf{sf r'gf}lt / ;Defjgfx?a
cfufdL ;fpg #@ ut] k'/fgf] ;Qf / gof“ ;Qfsf k|ltlglwx?
aLr t]>f] r/0fsf] jftf{ z'? x'g] ;fj{hlgs 3f]if0ff ePkl5 ;j{q jftf{jf/]
rf;f] a9\g' :jefljs ePsf] 5 . of] r/0fsf] jftf{ /fhgLlts Ph]08fdf s]Gb|Lt x'g]
ePsf]n] of] g} jftf{sf] lg0ff{os r/0f x'g] :jtM l;4 5 . /, To; cy{df of]
r/0fsf] jftf{jf/] ;a}sf] rf;f] a9\g' cfjZos / h?/L klg 5 . To;}n] jftf{ z'?
x'g' cl3 jftf{;+u ;DalGwt s]xL k|d'v r'gf}tLx? / efjL ;Defjgfaf/] ;fj{hlgs
5nkmn ug'{ xfdL cfjZos 7fGb5f}+ .
;j{k|yd r'gf}ltx?
jf/] s'/f u/f}+ . clxn] klg jftf{sf] lgDtL klxnf] r'gf}tL eg]sf] /fhfsf]
e"ldsf xf] . ;j}nfO{ yfxf 5 c;f]h !* ut] kl5 k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;a} tfnf rfaL
/fhfsf] xftdf 5 . ;Qfsf] d'Vo c+u zfxL ;]gfn] gf+u} ?kdf /fhfk|lt cfkm\gf]
clGtd akmfbf/L /x]sf] s'/f cleJoQm ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . /, Jojxf/df klg b]lvb}
cfPsf] 5 . ljutdf bf]>f] r/0fsf] jftf{df ePsf ;xdltx? /fhf / zfxL ;]gfn]
kfngf ug{ c:jLsf/ u/]sf] tYonfO{ ;d]t Wofgdf /fVb} To;}n] xfdLn] jftf{df /fhf
:jod\ pkl:yt x'g'kg]{ jf jftf{sf] lg0f{o kfngf ug]{ ;fj{hlgs k|ltj4tf JoQm
ug'{kg]{ s'/f p7fPsf 5f}+ . t/ clxn] ;Dd /fhfn] To;af/] s'g} kxn gu/]sfn] of]
r/0fsf] jftf{sf] eljio klg bf]>f] r/0fsf] h:t} x'g] xf] ls eGg] cfz+sf Ho'“
sf To'“ 5 . h'g;'s} sf/0fn] ePklg c;f]h !* kl5 ;Dk"0f{ k'/fgf];Qf cfkm\gf]
xftdf lng] t/ To;sf] d'Vo gfossf] x}l;otn] jftf{df lgefpg' kg]{ e"ldsf
lgjf{x ug{ r}+ lxRsLrfpg] /fhfs]f of] /j}ofn] jftf{sf] eljio dfly uDeL/ z+sf
hGdfPsf] 5 . To;sf] ;fy} jftf{sf] /fhgLlts Ph]08fsf] s]Gb|laGb' g} /fhf / zfxL
;]gfsf] efjL rl/q / :yfg ePsf]n] /fhfsf] pkl:ylt jf ;xdlt lagf jftf{ s'g}
tfls{s lgisif{df k'Ug ;Sb}g eGg] :jod\\l;4 s'/f xf] . lsgsL @))& ;fn b]lv
@)$& ;fn x'“b} clxn] ;Ddsf] b]zsf] /fhgLltsf] d'Vo ljjfb g} /fhf /
zfxL;]gfsf] :yfg / e"ldsfsf] k|Zg xf] / To;sf] 6'¨f] gnfuL b]zdf s'g}
cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf; x'g} ;Sb}g . clg cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf; lagf jftf{sf]
s'g} cf}lrTo / cy{ x'b}g . To;}n] of] lg0ff{os r/0fsf] jftf{ d'Vo?kdf /fhfsf]
e"ldsfdf g} lge{/ /xg] / /fhfn] ;sf/fTds e"ldsf lgjf{x gu/]df of]
:jtM c;kmntfdf 6'l¨g] s'/fdf ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfo z'?df g} k|i6 /xg Psbd h?/L
5 .
jftf{sf]
cufl8 bf]>f] ;d:of ;+;bjfbL bnx?sf] e"ldsf xf] . c;f]h !* kl5 k'/fgf]
;Qfaf6 a]bvn ul/Psf ;+;bjfbL bnx?n] clxn];Dd jftf{ / cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;sf]
lglDt s:tf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ eGg] s'/fsf] 6'¨f] nufpg g;Sg' 7"nf]
lj8Djgfsf] ljifo ePsf] 5 . b]zsf] ;dsflng /fhg}lts w/ftlno oyfy{nfO{ ljrf/ ubf{
;+;bjfbL bnx?sf] k|ToIf jf k/f]If ;+nUgtf jf ;xdlt lagf jftf{ ;xh gaGg] :jtM
:ki6 5 . To;}n] xfd|f] kf6L{n] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf / leqL u[xsfo{sf] ?kdf ;+;bjfbL
bnx?nfO{ jftf{df ;xefuL u/fpg] af/] ljz]if hf]8 lbb} cfPsf] xf] . o;sf d'Votof
b'O{j6f ljlw x'g ;S5g\ . Pp6f, uf]nd]r jf /fhgLlts ;Dd]ngsf] ?kdf /fhfjfbL,
;+;bjfbL / xfdL dfcf]jfbL qmflGtsf/L ltg} y/Lsf] k|ToIf / ;+o'Qm jftf{ ug]{,
h;sf] lglDt xfdL ;w} tof/ 5f}+ t/ /fhfjfbL ;+;bjfbLx?n] cfk;L ;xdtL sfod ug{
;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . bf]>f], ;+;bjfbLx?n] xfdL;+u Go"gtd\ cu|ufdL lgsf;sf]
Ph]08fdf ;xdlt sfod u/]/ jftf{df xfdLnfO{ ;fylbg] . klxnf] af6f] tTsfn ;Dej geP
bf]>f] af6f] ckgfpg xfdL s'g} ;d:of b]lv/x]sf 5}gf}+, lsgsL jftf{sf] 6]j'ndf
xfdLn] k|:t't u/]sf /fhgLlts Ph]08fdf ;+;bjfbL bnx?sf] !* a"“b] sfo{qmd
:jtM ;dflxt 5 . xfdLn] k'/fgf] ;QfkIf;+u ug]{ s'g}klg /fhgLlts ;Demf}tf
;+;bjfbL bnx?sf] !* a"“b] sfo{qmd eGbf clgjfo{ ?kn] cu|ufdL x'G5 / x'g'k5{
eGg] hfGbfhfGb} klg ;+;bjfbL bnx?sf] g]t[Tjn] kmut sfg'gL ts{ u/]/ cfkm\gf]
5'§} cl:tTj b]vfpg vf]Hg] jf ‘dfcf]jfbL / /fhfjfbLx?sf] ;f“7uf“7 5 eGg] dgu8Gt]
/ xf:of:kb b'Zk|rf/ u/]/ jftf{sf] jftfj/0f ef“8\g] h'g u}/ lhDd]jf/ k"0f{
sfd ug{ vf]hL /x]5g\ To;af6 cfd hg;d'bfo a]n}df ;ts{ x'g Psbd h?/L 5 .
cfkm"klg s'g} ljsNk glbg] t/ d'vn] dfq jftf{sf] s'/f u/]/ Jojxf/df jftf{
ef“8\g] sfd ul/G5 eg] Oltxf;n] ;+;bjfbL bnx?sf] g]t[TjnfO{ cjZo Ifdf ug]{ 5}g .
jftf{sf]
lgDtL bf]>f] ;d:of eg]sf] cGt/f{li6«o zlQm s]Gb|x?sf] e"ldsf xf] .
;j}nfO{ yfxf 5 g]kfnsf] ljlzi6 e"–/fhg}lts cjl:yltsf sf/0fn] ljZj tyf
If]qLo zlQms]Gb|x?n] g]kfnsf] cfGt/Ls /fhgLlts dfdnfdf cfjZostf eGbf a9Lg}
rnv]n / x:tIf]k ug]{ ul//x]sf 5g\ / k'/fgf] ;QfkIf oltj]nf cGt/f{li6«o
zlQms]Gb|x?sf] lg/Lx s7k'tnL h:tf] dfq b]lvO{/x]5 . sltko zlQms]Gb|x?n]
OdfGbf/Lk"j{s g} jftf{sf] ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ul//x]5g\ eg] sltkon] jflx/
jftf{sf] ;kmntfsf] s'/f u/]/ leqleq} jftf{ ef“8\g] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . d'vn]
hlt;'s} jftf{sf] kIfdf jsfnt u/] klg olb leqleq} dfcf]jfbLnfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf
efjL /fhg}lts ;+/rgfdf xfjL x'g lbg'x'b}g eg]/ if8\oGq ug]{ xf] eg] jftf{ ;kmn
x'g] k|Zg} p7\b}g . xfn} k|sflzt ‘cGt/f{l6«o ;+s6 ;d'x -cfO{= l;= lh=_sf]
ax'k|rfl/t k|ltj]bg ;d]tn] b]zsf] ;Q/L k|ltzt e"–efu dfcf]jfbLsf]
lgoGq0fdf 5 eGg] :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 eg] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ afx]s u/]/ jf tn kf/]/ ul/g]
/fhgLlts ;dfwfg s;/L k|hftflGqs / rL/:yfO{ x'g;S5 < km]/L cGt/f{li6«o
zlQms]Gb|x? dWo] Psyl/n] /fhfnfO{ prfNg] / csf{y/Ln] ;+;bjfbLx?nfO{ prfNg] v]n
v]nL/xg] xf] eg] b]zdf cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf; / bLuf] zflGt s;/L k|fKt x'g ;S5
< of] l:yltdf cfufdL jftf{ ;kmn x'g] jf gx'g] eGg] s'/f d'Vo cGt/f{li6«o
zlQm s]Gb|x?sf] e"ldsfdf klg w]/} xb;Dd e/ ug]{ :jtM :ki6 5 .
cj
jftf{sf efjL ;Defjgf / kl/0ffd jf/] s]xL rrf{ u/f}+ . of] r/0fsf] jftf{
/fhgLlts Ph]08fdf s]Gb|Lt x'g] / To; cy{df of] lg0ff{os x'g] lglZrt 5 . xfdLn]
klxnf] r/0fsf] jftf{df g} cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] Ph]08f
k|:t't ul/;s]sf 5f}+ / k'/fgf] ;QfkIfn] of] r/0fsf] jftf{df cfkm\gf] lnlvt
/fhg}lts Ph]08f k|:t't ug]{ atfPsf] 5 . To;}n] k'/fgf] ;QfkIfn] cu|ufdL
lgsf;sf] k|:tfj s:tf] k|:t't u5{ eGg] s'/fn] jftf{ ;kmn x'g] jf gx'g] s'/fsf]
lgwf{/0f ug]{ 5 . clxn] ;Dd k|fKt ;+s]t cg';f/ k'/fgf] ;QfkIfn] cfkm\gf] ;fdGtL
Psflwsf/jfbL /fhgLlts / kmf}hL >]i7tf sfod} /fVg]ul/ s]xL lrKnf / u'lnof
s'/f ld;fP/ ‘cu|ufdL ;'wf/sf] k|:tfj k|:t't ug]{5 . b'j} kIfn] cf–cfkm\gf]
;f]+r / rfxgf cg';f/sf] k|:tfj k|:t't ug'{ tfls{s lx;fan] :jefljs} s'/f] xf] .
km]/L jftf{ / ;Demf}tf eg]sf] b'j} kIfn] s]xL lbg] / s]xL lng] k|s[of klg xf] .
t/ s]xL lnP/ / s]xL lbP/ dfq ;Demf}tf x'g ;S5 eGg] oflGqs / u}/ P]ltxfl;s
;f]+rfO{sf] aGbs klg sf]xL aGg' x'b}g . d'Vo s'/f s'g} klg ;Demf}tf ;xL xf] jf
xf]Og eGg] hf“Rg] d'n s;f}6L g} To;n] tTsfnLg P]ltxfl;s cfjZostfsf] k"lt{
u5{ sL ub}{g / Tof] tTsfn ljBdfg /fhgLlts zlQm ;Gt'ng cg's'n 5 sL 5}g eGg] x'G5
. To; lx;fan] jt{dfg g]kfnL ;dfhsf] juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, ln¨Lo cGt/lj/f]w xn
ug{ / /fli6«otf, hgtGq / hglhljsfsf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ h'g cu|ufdL /fhgLlts
k|0ffnLsf] h?/t 5 Tof] xfdLn] k|:t't u/]sf] /fhgLlts Ph]08fdf pNn]lvt ljlw /
cGt/j:t' afx]s c? tl/sfaf6 k|fKt x'g ;S5 eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfUb}g . klxnf] s'/f t
k'/fgf] ckf¨ / d[t k|foM ;+ljwfgnfO{ ‘;+zf]wg u/]/ xf]O{g gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f
u/]/ dfq cu|ufdL /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f“:s[lts kl/jt{g Nofpg ;Dej x'g]5
. bf]>f] s'/f, ;+ljwfg;ef eGbf pko'Qm / a9L k|hftflGqs tl/sfn] gof“ ;+ljwfg
agfpg] tl/sf tTsfn csf]{ 5b}+ 5}g . t]>f] s'/f, s'g} k"j{zt{ /fv]/
;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdf hfg] h:tf] ck|hftflGqs / kfv08L s'/f csf]{ x'g} ;Sb}g .
To;}n] b]zsf] jt{dfg P]ltxfl;s cfjZostfnfO{ k"lt{ ug]{ / k'/fgf] / gof“
;Qfsf] jf:tljs zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fhgLlts ;Demf}tfsf] laGb' eg]sf]
lgzt{ ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg' afx]s csf]{ x'g} ;Sb}g . xfdLn] klxn] k|:tfj u/]sf]
sf/0fn] dfq} ;Demf}tfdf k'Ug ;+ljwfg ;efnfO{ 5f]8\g' k5{ eGg] s]6f}n] ts{ s;}n]
u5{ eg] To:tf] xf:of:kb s'/fsf] k|ltjfb ul//xg' kg]{ xfdL s'g} h?/L b]Vb}gf}+ .
d'Vo s'/f P]ltxfl;s cfjZostf / zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] k|Zg xf] h'g lgzt{ ;+ljwfg;ef
afx]s c? ljsNkn] k|ltlglwTj ug}{ ;Sb}g . To;}n] cfufdL jftf{ ;kmn x'g] jf gx'g]
s'/fsf] a6dnfO{g k'/fgf] ;QfkIf lgMzt{ ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg tof/ x'G5 sL x'b}g eGg]
s'/fn] lgwf{/0f ug]{5 . jftf{sf] lg?2]Zo / lg/k]If ‘;kmntfsf] lgDtL xfdLn] b]z
/ hgtfsf cfwf/e"t lxt / cfjZostfnfO{ ltnf~hnL lbg ;Sb}gf}+ . jftf{ ‘;kmn
x'g' eg]sf] v/fa ;Demf}tf x'g' xf]O{g k/Gt' c;n / P]ltxfl;s cfjZostf k"lt{
ug]{ ;Demf}tf x'g' xf] . v/fa ;Demf}tf x'g' eGbf s'g} klg ;Demf}tf gx'g' /fd|f]
xf] .
olb k'/fgf] ;QfkIfn] b]z / hgtfsf] cfjZostf / jt{dfg /fhgLlts
zlQm ;Gt'ng cg'?ksf] cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] Ph]08f k|:t't ug{ ;s]g / kmn:j?k
jftf{ e¨ x'g k'Uof] eg] To;sf] jf:tljs kl/0ffd k'gM u[xo'4sf] yfnlg x'g] 5 .
Tof] lgZro g} b'MvbfoL s'/f x'g] 5 / Tof] ax';+Vos hgtfsf] rfxgf ljkl/t klg
x'g]5 . k/Gt' cfkm\gf] hh{/ e};s]sf] k'/fgf] ;Qf hf]ufpg ljb]zL zlQmx?sf] cf8df
b]zdf u[xo'4 nDAofpg] / cGttM ljb]zL ;}lgs x:tIf]k ;d]t lgDTofP/ b]znfO{
/;ftndf k'¥ofpg] sfd eof] eg] To;sf] ;Dk"0f{ bf]if Oltxf;n] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf]
gfosnfO{ g} lbg]5 . xfdLn] k'gM u[xo'4 grfxbf grfxb} klg b]z / hgtfsf] lxtdf
cGofok"0f{ aGb'ssf] k|lt/f]w Gofok"0f{ aGb'sn] ug'{ xfdL qmflGtsf/Lsf]
bfloTj x'g]5 / xfdL Tof] bfloTjaf6 sbflrt ljd"v x'g] 5}gf}+ . xfdL cfzf
u5f}+ k'/fgf] ;QfkIfn] jftf{ ef“8]/ b]znfO{ k'gM u[xo4df ws]Ng] d'v{tf ug]{ 5}g
. t]>f] r/0fsf] jftf{sf] k"j{ ;GWofdf xfdL ;Dk"0f{ b]zeQm /
Gofok|]dL hg;d'bfo / /fhgLlts zlQmx?nfO{ k"0f{?kn] rgfvf] /xg / cu|ufdL
lgsf; ;lxt jftf{sf] ;kmntfsf] lgDtL 3/–3/ / ;8s–;8s af6 cfjfh a'nGb ug{ xflb{s
cfjxfg ub{5f}+ . slj l/dfnn] eg] em}+ ‘Ps o"udf Psk6s cfpg] Ps lbg clxn]
cfO{/x]5, o;nfO{ v]/ hfg glbcf}+ . c:t' .
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