;f+:s[lts kmf}hsf] kmf}hL ;+/rgf–sDkgL

æcf–cfkm\gf] ljlzi6 d"No ;lxt /fhgLlt ;flxTo xf] / ;flxTo /fhgLlt xf] .Æ – cWoIf sd/]8 k|r08

          ;+u7g eg]sf] cf–cfkm\gf] nIo;lxt of]hgfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ef}lts zlQm xf] . ;+u7gsf kl/efiff, gfd / :t/ km/s–km/s / ljlzi6 x'g' :jfefljs 5 . ;f+:s[lts kmf}hsf] kmf}hL ;+/rgf ‘sDkgL’ ;fob lzif{ssf] af/]df kf7sx?nfO{ hfGg al9 /x/ 5 . s] xf], ;f+:s[lts sDklg < s:tf] 5, 9f+rf < y'k|} k|Zgx?n] 6fpsf] p7fPsf xf]nfg\ . s] of] al9 eof] < d}n] clt/+hgf k"0f{ t agfOg < cx+ d}n] lzif{ssf] 5gf}6 / ljifoj:t'sf] p7fgdf s'g} ulNt u/] em}+ nfu]sf] 5}g dnfO{ . of] cy{k"0f{ 5, tYo;+ut 5 . ca lzif{ssf] af/]df lh1f;f ld6fpb}, o;sf] yfngLnfO{ al9 lj:tf/ gu/f}+++ .

          k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] zfxL ;]gfsf] u'Nd eP h:t} xfd|f] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] sDkgL ;+VofTds æhgzlQmsf] b[li6n]Æ lx;fan] a/fa/ g} x'G5 . oBlk sdf08 kl/rfng, u'0f / ljz]iftf tyf nIo / p2]Zodf cfsf; / wlt{ jLrsf] c;dfgtf 5 – zfxL ;]gf;+u . gof+ ;+;f/ lgdf{0f ug]{ dxfg\ cleofgdf h'6]sf nfnhTyf h:sf] sfFwdf o; wlt{sf] clGtdju{n] ju{j}/nfO{ w"nf]r6fpg] lhDdf ;'Dk]sf] 5 . sDklg lglZrt ?kdf d]lzgug uf]nf af?bn] dfq ;lhPsf] x'b}g . a? xfd|f] lbdfudf o'u abNg] cho xltof/ k|r08kysf] ljrf/nfO{ vfFb]sf] 5 . ca ;f+:s[lts sDkgLsf] af/]df k|j]z u/f}+ . dxfg\ hgo'4sf] 5nf·do ljsf; qmd ;+u} ljs[t klZrd]nL 5f8f ;f+:s[ltsf] ljNnf dfly lg/Gt/ ;f+:s[lts of]4fx?n] wfjf af]Nb} cfPsf] s'/f ;j{1ft} 5 . j]sDdf ag]sf] ?l9jfbL k/Dk/f, 5f8fjfbL ;+:s[lt,ljnfl;tf k"jf{ n]v–/rgfnfO{ b'Tsfb}{ ljzfn ;f+:s[lts kmf}h hgjfbL ;f+:s[ltsf] ljhf/f]kg ug{ leif0f /0fe"lddf ;s[o 5 . o'4sf] :t/ ;+u} cfkm\gf z:q dfkm{t ;f+:s[lts a}/Lx?nfO{ w'nf] r6fpg ;f+:s[lts kmf}h ;kmn e} cfPsf] 5 .       dfbn / sndsf] rf]6nfO{ ;xg g;ls k|ltlqmofjfbLx? d]lzgug lnP/ ;f+:s[lts e"lddf uf]nL rnfp5g\ . dfbn / af;'/Lsf] dw'/ ;+uLtdf /d]sf dfG5]x?sf] 5fltdf uf]nL aiff{p5g\ e"ld /utn] kf]ltG5 . clg t hgtfsf] ;f+:s[lts bz{gsf ;h{gx? d'Qms07sf cfkm\gf lgZsn+s Gofk"0f{ cfjfhx?nfO{ ck"0f{ 7fGb5g\ . ;'zLn jfF;'/L / dfbnsf] tfndf af]lnPsf] uLtsf] efiff ga'em\g]x?nfO{ aGb"ssf] efiff a'emfpg'kg]{ cfjZostf v8\lsg k'u]sf] 7fG5g\ . ;/tM / cGttM xfd|f] ;f+:s[lt sDkgL rfxL hgtfsf] ;f+:s[lts bz{gsf ;+Zn]if0fstf{x?sf] /ftf] hTyf xf] . hgdgnfO{ dgf]/~hg k"j{s ul/asf] /fhgLlt k:sL jl:t p7fpg] / qmflGtsf] dxf;d/df ;dfxLt u/fpg] uf}/jk"0f{ sfo{ef/ ;Dxfn]sf] nfn b:tf xf] . ;f+:s[lts lkmN8df d]lzgug lnP/ lx+;f ug{ cfpg] bfgaLhTyfx?nfO{ d]lzgugs} k|of]u u/L cfuf] cf]sNg] gof+ / P]ltxfl;s lhDdfklg ;f+:s[lts sDkgLn] lnPsf] 5 . ca gof+ / P]ltxfl;s lhDdfsf] af]w ub}{ ;f+:s[lts sDkgLdf o'lbs b[li6n] ljlzi6 Ifdtf /fVg] hgzlQmsf] klg s]lGb|s/0f ePsf] 5 . hgjfbL qmflGtsf] dxfg cleofgdf o;sf] u7g k|s[ofsf] P]ltxfl;stf ;+u ;+u} ;+;f/ e/sf qmflGtk|]dLx?sf ;fd' PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] gof+ x}l;ot ;lxt ;f+:s[lts sDkgL :yflkt x'b} hfg] s'/f klg lglj{jfb 5 .

          h;/L ju{j}l/sf kmf}hLx?nfO{ aaf{b kfg{ hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] ljzfn kmf}h t}gfy 5, To;}u/L ;}Go ;+/rgfd} ;f+:s[lts sDkgL gof+ / P]ltxfl;s d"No ;lxt ;f+:s[lts df]rf{df ;+3if{/t 5 . ;fdfGot o;sf] 9f+rf ;}Go sDkgLs eGbf km/s 5}g . cS;/ u/]/ sDklgdf tLg b]lv kf+rj6f Knf6'g kmd]{zg /xG5g . x/]s Knf6'gdf tLgj6f ;]S;g / x/]s ;]S;gdf !# hgfsf] ;b:o /xg] ;}lgs cjwf/0ff cg';f/ g} of] ;f+:s[lts sDkgLsf] kmd]{zg to ePsf] 5 . o; sDkgLdf /fhg}lts sld;f/sf] ?kdf sd/]8 j;Gt /xg'ePsf] 5 eg] sDkgLsf] sdf08/ sd/]8 piff ls/0f x'g' x'G5 . o;sf] ;fxfos sdf08/df sd/]8 cg'u|f x'g'x'G5 . o;}u/L sDklgdf # hgf Knf6'g sdf08/, # hgf le=l;=, ( hgf ;]S;g sdf08/ / (÷( hgf ;]S;g le=l;= u/]/ Pkm :t/sf] sdf08 u'|k /x]sf] 5 . ljut nfdf] ;do b]lv o'4sf] leif0f df]rf{df ;l/s aGb} qmflGtsf/L lgi7f, OdfGbf/Ltf / lg/Gt/tfdf k"0f{ k|ltj4 hg;f+:s[lts of]4fx?sf] hf]l;nf] ;+u7g xf] . ;f+:s[lts sDkgL Ps ;o k}tfln; hgtfsf] hgzlQm /x]sf] of] sDklgdf ;f+:s[lts kmd]{zg uLtf/ sL af]8{ dfbn af+;'/L, xfdf]{lgod, rfk, ;f+/uL, tanfx?sf] ljGof; klg ;}Go ;+/rgf cg';f/ g} ePsf] 5 . Ps hgf b]lv krf; hgfsf] ;Ddsf] ;fd'lxs g[To d+rg ul/;s]sf] o; sDkgLn] ax'k|ltefx?xsf] ;+s]lGb|s/0f u/]sf] 5 . cS;/ k|Tos ;b:on] b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf al9 leGgf leg} ljlzi7 snfn] ;hfPsf] kfOG5 . ;f+:s[lts snf k|:t'tL Pj+ clegosf nflu ug'{kg]{ s7f]/ tfnLdsf ;fy ;fy} ;f+:s[lts sDkgLsf x/]s ;b:on] n8fs' ;}lgs b:tfsf] em} ;+k"0f{ tfnLdn] cf]tk|f]t ag]sf 5g\ . gof+ gof+ d]lzgug, df]6f{/, sfn{uf]:tfe, PlG6Po/ qmfkm\6 rnfpg] bIftf ;d]t ;f+:s[lts sDkgLsf vf;–vf; of]4fx?n] /fv]sf 5g\ . lgoldt hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] sfo{tfnLsf  h:t} b}lgs lbg ljxfg / ;f+em ;f+:s[lts sDkgL /f]nsfndf h'6\g] k/Dk/fsf] ljsf; u/]sf] 5 .

          Gofo / ;d'Ggt eljio lgdf{0fsf nflu /ftf] e"lddf k/]8 v]nL/x]sf of]4fx?sf] hLjg z}nLdf ;flxTosf] e08f/ b]Vg ;Sg' k5{ . hgtfsf] cl;d Tofu alnbfg tyf ;dk{0f efjdf ;[hgfx? ;NjnfO{ /x]sf] 5 –To;nfO{ ;d]6\g ;Sg' k5{ . ;flxTo / snfnfO{ x/]s b'Mv, bb{ / 3fpx?df dnd kl§sf] lzlj/ ;+rfng ug{ tTk/ ;]lt–dxfsfnLdf ul7t ;fF:s[lts sDkgL P]ltxfl;s ;f}Gbfo{af]w ;lxt k|ltj4 5 . ;j{xf/fju{sf] kIfdf ;dlk{t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] /fhg}lts Pj+ kmf}hL cleofgnfO{ cfqmd0f / ljhonfO{ xf;f] / cfz'nfO{ zAb e08f/sf ;'Gb/ y'+ufx? ;+emL uLt ;+uLtsf] dfnf agfO{ cfd d'lQmk|]dLnfO{ :jfut ug]{, cfb/ug]{ of] 6's8L /fhg}lts cu|b:tf klg xf] . nfnL u'F/f;sf] km'n em} kmls{Psf] dxfg hgo'4sf] dem]/Ldf ;f}Eo ;[hgfx?sf] x]8Sjf6{/nfO{ /Iffug{ ;f+:s[lts sDkgL sfkmL ;kmn aGg] 5 . o; o'usf cd/ ;h{s s[i0f ;]g ‘OR5's’ h;n] d[To'ko{Gt v'lg bfgjx?sf] s"= ;f+:s[ltsf] l6kf]6 cfkm\gf] /ftf] sndsf] lgan] oftfgfsf] rf}3]/f aLrdf klg ul//fVg' eof] . hgtfsf] GofoLs cfjfhnfO{ ;Ddfgsf ;fy sndsf] gLa rnfpg l;kfn' OR5'snfO{ df/]/ cGofo yKg] g/elIf ;fzsx?nfO{ nnsfb}{ o'un] cfkm\gf] d'6'df arfPsf] 5 –jxfFnfO{ . dxfg\ ;f+:s[lts ;+u|fdsf g]tf s[i0f ;]g ‘OR5's’, Rof·jf nfdf clg cg]sf]6, efjf·sf cd/ ;f+:s[lts of]4fx?sf] /utaf6 b'Zdgk|lt abnf / k|ltzf]wk"0f{ efjsf ;fy b]z}e/ hg;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ng rls{Psf] 5 . hg ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ngsf] phf{nfO{  cem} HjHjNodfg kfg{ ;]lt–dxfsfnLdf P]ltxfl;s ?kdf ;f+:s[lts sDklg lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . Ps xftdf snd / csf]{ xftdf dzfn lnP/ cfhsf ;f+:s[lts of]4fx? clj/fd ?kdf nlDsg'k5{ . PSsfO;f} ztfAbLsf] ljzfn df]rf{df dxTjk"0f{ cfs{se/ ug]{ lhDdf ;f+:s[lts kmf}hsf] /xg] lglZrt 5 . uLt ;+uLtaf6 aduf]nf ha a;{G5g\ k|ltlqmofjfbLx?sf] 5flt l5of–l5of kfbf{ sf]xL 9fn aGg ;Sb}gg\ . n]Vg]x?sf] sndsf] gLan] af?bsf] uGw 5g{ ;Sg'k5{, lj;fQm uf]nfx? lj:kmf]6 ug{ ;Sg'k5{ h;n] ylnPsf] a'9f] k'/fgf] /fHo ;QfnfO{ cj;fg u/fcf];\ . sd/]8 k|r08sf] – aGb's, snd / dfbnsf] Plss[t sdf08 g} cfhsf] HjnGt cfjZostf xf] eGg] dxfg egfO{nfO{ cy{af]wsf ;fy cfTd;flts/0f ug{ h?/L 5 . alnbfgn] lgdf{0f ug{ vf]lhPsf] hgjfbL ;+:s[lt, k|ToIf n8fO{sf] df]rf{df x'g] cfj]u cfqmf]z ;fx; / ljj]ssf] k|:km"6g ug]{ ;f+:s[lts sdL{ gof+o'u s} :tDe / :tDesf/ x'g . cf+wL t'kmfg jLrdf /dfpg] ;f+:s[lts of]4fx?nfO{ g} gof+o'un] :jfut clejfbg ug]{ 5 . lg/Gt/ xfd|f] ;f+:s[lts sDkgL cd/ ofqfdf nflu /xf];\ cGTodf, slj OR5'ssf ;'Gb/ x/kx? —

;fysf ;xof]4fx?

‘ljbf sfd/]8 eGg klg gkfO{’

Psf–Ps df]rf{df 9Ng klg ;S5g\

/ klg lglj{sf/ efjn]

cljrn cufl8 al9/xg'kg]{

;+s6do 38Lx? cfO/xg ;S5g\

To;}n] of] 38L

lk|ohgx?sf] ofbdf

kmut cf+z' aufO/xg] 38L xf]Og

cf+;'nfO{ cfuf] /

;':s]/fnfO{ af?bsf w'jfdf abNg] 3l8 xf] .