;lxb kl/jf/
s= cfofdnfO{ k|ltj4tfsf] kq
– ;/nf /]UdL
æltd|f jL/tf / :jfdLdfgsf uLtx? d ufO/xg] 5' . cf]hgnfO{ d ltd|f]
lj/tfsf] syf elg/xg] 5', / cfGbf]ngsf] h'n';df k+ltj4 e} gf/fx? nufO/x]sf] x'g]5
.Æ lo b[9 ljZjf;sf ;Gb]zx? dxfg\ zxLb s= cfofdsL hLjg;fyL ;/nf /]UdLsf x'g .
;+s6sfn kl5 )%( d+;L/ @^ ut] sf]xnk'/af6 lgz:q ?kdf lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf cfofdnfO{
lx/f;taf6 nu]/ alb{ofsf] a]tLgLsf] h+undf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf /Ifsx?n] g[dtf
k"j{s xTof u/] . pgsf] ef}lts z/L/ 5}g t/ pxf+sf ljrf/, Tofu / alnbfgsf syf
af+s] / alb{ofsf a:tL–a:tLdf e]6\g ;lsG5 .
s= cfofdsf] ;xfbt ePsf] Ps jif{ kl5 pxf+nfO{ k|ltj4tfsf] kq dfkm{t pxf+sL
hLjg ;fyLn] cfGbf]ngdf emg bx|f];+u nfUg] arga4tf JoQm u/]sL 5g\ . ;/nfsf lo
ljrf/af6 b]z el/sf ;lxb kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ gof+ ;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 ./, o; c+sdf ;lxt
kl/jf/ :tDedf oxL n]vnfO{ /flvPsf] 5 .
:g]xL s= cfofd, nfn ;nfd !
ltdLnfO{ d+;L/ @^ ut] sf]xnk'/sf] a:tLaf6 xhf/f} hgtfsf] aLraf6 lu/km\tf/
u/L ^@ lbg kl5 df3 @* ut] s'6L–s'6L xTof u/] kl5 # lbg;Dd
-lbgnfO{ /ft agfpg] u/L _ s'k|rf/ uof] . -a]tgLdf tkl;n ul/Psf] cj:yfdf bf]xf]/f]
le8Gtdf cflb_ To; kl5 s[i0f ;]gnfO{ s'6L s'6L xTof u–of] , xhf/}nfO{{ a]kQf kf–of]
. ;fh;]jL ;u'ghLnfO{ 3/af6 lu/km\tf/ u/L s}of}+ dlxgf kl5 xTof u–of] . To:t}
lzIfs bfxfnnfO{ klg, n]vgfy ;/nfO{ t emg\ cfkm}+n] xTof u/]/ xfdLnfO{ cf/f]k
nufpg] gf}6sL u¥of] . s= k|tfk, hLjg, cfgGb, cv08, ljzfn, ljb|f]xL, ljkLg, pbo,
/x/, /]0f', ;+emgf, ;Ldf, /df, lbg]z, lgd{nf, a'4L, ljgo, cg'k, ;'lbk, /fh',
c?0f, dfof nufot xhf/f} sd/]8x?, ;of}+ hg;d'bfox?nfO{ lu/km\tf/ kl5 r/d /utgf
kZrft dfg]{ sfd u–of] . dlxnfx?nfO{ lu/km\tf/ ug]{ / anfTsf/ h:tf] t[0fLt
sfo{kl5 xTof ug]{, ;fgf gfgLx?nfO{ huGo ck/fw ;lxt dfg]{, ufp“ j:tLdf cfuf]
nufpg], n'6\g] h:tf s'sfo{ u/L hgtf dfly /hfO{ ug]{ ;kgf k'/fgf] ;Qfn] ;hfO/fv]sf]
lyof] . o;n] s] k'li6 ul//x]sf] 5 eg], ca pgLx? ;+u if8oGq wf]sf xTof, n'6
anfTsf/ h3Go ck/fw dfq 5g\ . kqsf/x? lzIfs, sd{rf/L, Jofj;foL, Jofkf/L, 8fS6/, /fhg}lts
kf6L{x? a'9fa'9L afnaRrf ;+s6sfnsf j]nf sf]xL af+sL /x]gg\ . kb\d/Tg t'nfw/ h:tf
:jtGq JolQmx? ;d]tnfO{ lu/km\tf/ ug]{ sfd k'/fgf] ;Qfn] u¥of] .
olt a]nf xfd|f xhf/f}+ kmd]{;gx?, cfwf/ If]qx?, xfd|f hg;d'bfox?, /fli6«o
/ cGt{/fli6«o ldq zlQmx? ;a}sf] Pp6f ;zSt cf+wL a]x/L tof/ ePsf] 5 . d cfkm'nfO{
klg To:t} ePsf] 5 . o:tf] a]nf lj5f]8sf cf“z'klg gcfpbf /x]5g\ . az ltdLnfO{
lr;fkfgLdf hNnfbx?n] Pp6f g]t[TjnfO{, Pp6f /fhg}lts ;DkQLnfO{ lbPsf] oftgf,
ltdLnfO{ p3f]d'06f] u/fP/ cfuf] nufPsf], s/]i6 nufP/ ;+j]bgzLn c+ux? sfd gnfUg]
agfPsf] If0f, z/L/ lr/]/ l5of kf/]sf] l:ylt, k';–df3 h:tf] hf8f]df sk8f ljxLg
If0fdf ltdLn] u/]sf] cf+6, k|ltj4tf, Tofu, alnbfg / :jfeLdfg h'g xf] —Tof] d
slxNo} lj;{g] 5}g\ / To;n] csf]{; / uj{ k}bf ubf]{/x]5 . cem ltdLn] æd]/f] z/L/
6'qmf 6'qmf kf/] klg d sbflk em'Sg] 5}g, s] ug{ ;S5f}+ u/Æ . kf6L{ / qmflGtnfO{
arfpb} b'Zdg;+u nl8/x]sf] Tof] 38L, k|hftGq, ;+ljwfg sfg"gsf s'/ u/]/
gyfSg]x?;+u ltdL o;/L k|ltjfb ul//x]sf lyof}+ — æ P dfG5]sf] /ut vfg] nf5Lx?
xf], ;S5f} eg] cfkm}+n] lgdf{0f u/]sf lgodx? kfngf u/Æ . To:t} oftgfsf] qmddf
ltdLnfO{ ef}lts ?kdf l;WofPkl5 qmflGt /f]lsg] ;kgf b]v]sf cfttfoLx?;+u a}rf/Ls?kdf
nl8/x]sf lyof}+ . æltdLx?n] dnfO{ ef}lts ?kdf 9fn] klg af+r]sfx?n] abnf lnP/}
5f8\g] 5g\ .Æ lo ;f/f ljifox?n d df Pp6f p4]ng k}bf u/fPsf] 5 . cfqmf]zn] /ut
plDnPsf] 5 . ltdL ef}lts ?kdf 5}g h:tf] nfDb}g a? emg\ 7"nf] ef}lts zlQm ag]/
cufl8 v8f eP h:tf] nflu/xG5 . l;+uf] cfGbf]ngsf] IftL–pknAwL, ldng–lj5f]8, ;kmn–c;kmnsf
3'DtLx? / cgluGtL df]8x?sf] l;+uf] cfGbf]ng ag]/ lta| a]udf bf}8L/x]sf] d}n] kfO/x]sL
5' . ltd|f jL/tf,k|ltj4tf / :jfledfgsf] uLtx? d ufO/xg] 5' . cf]hfg]nfO{ d ltd|f]
jL/tfsf] syf elg/xg] 5' . d cfGbf]ngsf] h'n';df k+QmLj4 5'§} gf/fx? nufO/xg] 5'
. Ps d'7L ;f;, Ps d'7L jf Ps yf]kf /ut /xbf ;Dd d ju{ a}/Lx?;+u b]z / ljZj ;j{xf/f
d'lQmsf] nflu ltd|f] af6f] k5\ofO/xg] 5' . ;j{xf/f ju{sf u'? s= dfcf]n] eGg'
ePem}+ sf]6f :j?k /utsf] d'No r'Stf ug'{ qmflGtsf] rl/q xf] . Æ eg]/ ltd|f]
alnbfgnfO{ cfTd;ft ul//xg] 5' .
ltdL ha lu/km\tf/ k¥of} . Tolta]nf ltd|f] hLjg /Iffsf] nflu d}n] d]/f]
7fp“af6 kxn gug]{ s'/f ePg
. t/ To; kl/l:yltdf yk ;Dej x'g ;Sb}gYof] .
ltdLn] klg a'em]s} s'/f xf] . aflx/f uP/ levsf] ?kdf dfUg d]/f] :jfledfgn]
dfg]g\ . Tof] sbd ltd|f] :jfledfg dflysf] s+ns x'g k'UbYof] . xfd|f af+rf aGwg /
k|ltj4tfx?df ljZjf;3ft x'g k'UbYof] . To;}n] d}n] To;f] ug]{ ;Sb}gYo] / ul/]g .
d df Pp6f cfTdf ljZjf; k}bf ePsf] lyof] ls ltdLnfO{ ef}lts ?kdf /fVg] 5}gg .
lsgeg] oxf+ kmf+;Li6 xTof/fx?sf] ljuljlu 5 . k'+hLjfbL /fhgLlt1x?sf] ljutaf6
cefj x'b} cfPsf] Jofjxf/n] lt s'/f b]vfpb} cfPsf] 5 . lji0f' kf]v]|n, j]bk|;fb
of]uL, 9fsf/fd kf7s, s[i0f rf}w/L ltdL eGbf cuf8L To;sf] l;sf/ e};Sg' ePsf] lyof]
. gof+ Oltxf; lgdf{0f ug{ k|s[ofn] xfdLnfO{ lbzfaf]w u/L /x]sf] 5 . ;}Go
kmf;Ljfbsf s's[tox? a'‰g bl/nf cfwf/x? alg/x]sf 5g\ . ltdL nufot ;a} aL/x?,
l;4fGt / ljrf/ ag]/ dfu{ lgb]{zs aGg' ePsf] 5 . xfdL uxgf ag]/ Tof] ljrf/ / Tof]
af6f]nfO{ km/flsnf] agfpb} ;hfpb} hfg]5f} . of] k|s[of cGt;Dd rln/xg] 5 .
cem ltdL;+u pknAwL / r'gf}tL / xfd|f] st{Jo af/] klg eGg' k5{ eGg] nflu
/x]sf]5 . :g]xL s= cfofd, ltdLn] a'lemxfNof] xfdL ;Gt'ngsf] r/0faf6 cuf8L a9L/x]sf]
s'/f / To;sf] tof/Ldf /x]sf] s'/f ;fx]b log} xfd|f ;a} eGbf 7'nf] pknAlwsf] s'/f
xf] . xfd|f k|ljlwx?, xfd|f kmd]{;gx?, df]rf{x?, cfwf/ If]qx?, plTk8Lt a:tLx?,
pTkLl8t hftLx? bf];|f] bfhf{ dlxnfx?, xfd|f ;+u7gx? ;a}df sfkmL ?kfGt/0f / a[l4
eP/ uPsf] 5 . o;sf] cfwf/df ljrf/ ;+:n]if0f x'g] / t/ª\uLt eP/ km}lng] s'/f
e}xfNof] g} . To;}n] @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] hgjfb ;DaGwL /0fgLlt–sfo{gLlt kf6L{, ;]gf
/ df]rf{af/] dxfg\ 5nkmn e}/x]sf] 5 . of] g} 7'nf] pknJwLsf] cfwf/ /
ljrf/ xf] . o;};“u r'gf}tLx? v8f x'g'
xf] . :jfefljs g} xf] . cfkm}df pknAwLx? ;d:of klg x'g . lsg eg] @!cf}+ ;tfAbLsf]
hgjfb rfg r'g] s'/f xf]Og . To:t} xfd|f ;+u7g dg dlit:sdf ;+zf]bgjfbsf h/fx?,
lgDg k'hLjfbsf] :jfy{ / cfwf/x?n] /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o cfGbf]ng cfkm}df leh]sf]
5 . To; bnbnaf6 dfly p7fP/ dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] cfnf]sdf Tof] lj1fgnfO{ k|of]u
ug{] / cufl8 a9\g] k|s[ofdf ljutaf6 xfdLx? nflu/x]sf 5f}+ . To;}sf] lg/Gt/tfdf
nfUg' / ;fd|fHojfb, lj:tf/jfb, 3/]n' k|lts[ofjfb / 3f]/ ;+zf]wgjfb sf lj?4 xfdL
/f“sf] ;Nsfpb} cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg xfdL nflu/x]sf 5f}+ . xfd|f] sf“wdf
k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sg] / qmflGtnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] lhDd]jf/L ylkg cfPsf] 5 .
oxL st{Ao leq d}n] ltd|F] / d]/f] ljutsf] s]xL cg'e'tL oyfy{tf kl/jf/
cfbL af/] klg eGg' d}n] cfGbf]ng leqsf] Pp6f st{Aosf] kf6f] ;Dem]sL 5' . d}n]
To; kf6f]nfO{ oxf“ ;dfj]z gu'g{ ltdL k|lt sf] cGofo x'g]5 . ltdLn] a/fDa/ æljuta6
l;s / jt{dfgdf 6]Sb} eljio xf“Sg' k5{ Æ eGg] ;'emfj nfO{ cfTdf ;fy ul/ /fv]sL
5' . ljut cfkm}df Pp6f lzIff / k|]/0ff klg xf] . To;nfO{ ultlbg' xfd|f] st{Ao xf]
.
xfd|f] e]6 / ;fdfGo kl/ro t @)$&
;fndf ePsf] lyof] . t/ xfd|f :jefj, r]tgf, kl/l:yltn] xfdLnO{ of] l:yltdf glhs
Nofpg] qmddf xfdL @)$( ;fnaf6 Pp6} sld6Ldf ;fdfGo ;?jf afx]s;+u} /xb} kf6L{ /
qmflGtnfO{ lhDd]jf/L k"j{s cufl8 a9fp“b} cfPsf lyof}+ . To;a]nf b]z
elQmk"0f{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;zQm u/fpg' / ;+;bLo Joj:yf ckm}n] v;Lsf] 6fpsf]
b]vfP/ s's'/sf] df;' a]Rg] yfnf] xf] eGg] s'/fnfO oyfy{Pdf hgtfnfO{ 5n{· kf/]/
cfkm\gf] d'lQmsf] nflu cfGbf]fng ug'{ / gof“ hgjfbL qmflGtsf] cfwf/lznf tof/
ug'{ g} xfd|f] Wo]o / p2]Zox? lyP . xfdL To;}df g} lglxt lyfo}+ .
cfb/0fLo sd/]8x?sf] cfu|x xfd|F] lhDd]jf/L / cfjZostf afXo / cfGtl/s kl/j]zsf]
Pp6f df]8df cfb/0fLo sd/]8x?sf] pkl:yltdf @)%$ ;fndf xfdLn] ljx] u¥of}+ . ljx],
k"j{, xfd|f] :t/ pd]/, lhDd]jf/Lsf] jLrdf h'g ;xhtf k|lt h'g uDeL/tf x'g'kg]{
xf] o; dfdnfdf Tof], xfdL b'j}df x'g ;s]g . ;fob xfd|F ;+:s[lts ;+ls0f{tf
lhDd]jf/ xf] h:tf] nfU5 . dnfO{ clxn] klg tfh} 5 . o; dfg;k6ndf ;lhPsf] Tof]
lbgsf] ofb cfpg] u5{ . ljx]sf] ;f“em ltdLn] pk:lylt;“u} ljifo j:t' p7fpb}
eGof}+ – æs] 5 v';L ePgf}, d g]tf k/]g xf]Og t cflb .Æ of] egfOn] d ddf{xLt
eP . d]/f] of] pd]/ ;Dem yf]qf] d}n] eg] clv/ ltdLnfO{ c? k'?if, dlxnfx? h;n]
d]/f] of] pd]/ ;Dd yf]qf] cfqmd0f
u/]sf 5g\ . o; Joj:yfn] h'g lrh dlxnfx?nfO{ pTkLl8t dfG5]x?nfO{ nfbL/x]sf] 5 .
tdLnfO{ klg Tof] eGbf km/s b]lvg . l7s} 5, ltdL g]tf xf} eGg] d]/f] cfTdf ljZjf;
xf], ltdLnfO{ g]tf agfpnf, To; j]nf ;Dd t d kvL{/x'nf . z'?df xfdL o;/L g} k|j]z
u/]sf lyof}+ . sl/a !÷@ dlxgf ;Dd cfGbf]ngsf] ljraf6 xfd|f s]xL ljifodf 5nkmn
e}/x] . tL 5nkmnx? rgr'g] lyPgg\ . xfd|f] hLjg ;DaGw lgs} t/ntfdf 8f]nfodfg lyof]
.
xfd|f] 5nkmnsf] ljifoj:t'sf] cfwf/df dfn]dfjfbsf] cfnf]sdf ljrf/, kf6L{,
qmflGtnfO{ s]Gb|ljGb\' agfP/ cufl8 a9\g] /Xof] . d}n] eg] ltdLn] cfkm'nfO{ g]tf
:jLsf/ ug'{k5{ gq g]tf dlxnf;+u ljx] u/]sfdf ltdL leq lxgtf 5 . ls Tof] :jLsf/
ug'{ k5{ . ls t d}n] ltdLnfO :jLsf/ gu/]sf] :ki6 kfg'{ k5{ . c?n] eg]sf / nufPsf
cf/f]kdf au]/ eGbf dnfO{ cfkm\g} agfP/ cWoog ug{ /fd|f] x'G5 . olb s]xL eP d
ltd|L x'g] 5}g elg k|ltkfb u/] . bf];|f] ljifo lyof] –aRrf gagfpg] af/] . d}n]
cfkm} aGwofs/0f u5\'{, To;df d}n] lg0f{o ug{ kfpg' k5{ . d cfkm\gf] hLjg
k|s[ofnfO{ csf]{ tkm{ df]8\g rfxGg . o;df ltdLn] ;fy lbg'k5{ . xfdL b'j} o;/L g}
hfp eGg] d]/f] hf]8 lyof] . t];|f] ljifo – xfdL slxNo} em'Sg] 5}gf}
dfn]dfjfbsf] cfnf]sdf t/·Lt ljrf/x?sf] /Iff, pTkL8gsf lj?4 Psn] csf]{nfO{ wf]sf
glbg] / olb wf]sf eof] eg] :jtM xfd|F] ;daGwsf] cGTo x'g] s'/fdf s]Gb|Lt lyof}+
.
cfvL/ ltdL ;flRrs} g]tf lyof}+, xfdLn] ljifox?nfO{ ;dfwfg u¥of}+ . t];|f]
ljifosf] af/]df xfdL t'?Gt} Ps e}xfNof} . bf];|f] ljifodfly xfd|f] 5nkmn a9L g}
eof] . Pp6f aRrf agfpg] af/]ltd|f] rsf]{ hf]8 /Xof] . d]/f] gagfpg] /Xof] .
b'j}sf] cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] c8fg /xL g} /xof] t/, kl5 xfdL b'j} Pp6f ;xdtldf k'Uof}+
. s]xL ;dokl5 Pp6f aRrf hGdfpg] ;xdlt eof] . d}n] eg] – clv/ k'?ifx? aRrf,
>LdtLnfO{ :jLsf/ gug]{, aRrfsf] nfng, kfngaf6 kG5g], ;se/ glhs gkg]{ ;fdGtL ;dfhdf
h'g rng 5 . To;sf ?k xfd|f] kf6L{df 5tf 5'Nn g} b]lvG5 . dlxnfx? lj/fdL k/]] csf]{
ljsNk vf]Hg], ;se/ 6f9} /xg] klg k|;:t g} 5g\ . clv/ ltdL klg ToxL ;dfhsf] k'?if
xf .} o:tf] k'?if gaGg], To;sf lj?4 nl8/xg] / ;dfgtfsf] kf6f]af6 xfdL b'j} hgfn]
gof“ z'?jft Jofjxf/af6 b]vfpg] k|lta4tf ul//x]sf lyof}+ .æltdLn] aRrf hGdfpg]
/ d}n] :yfoL aGWofs/0f ug]{ .Æ d}n] aRrf hGdfpg] k|fs[of;+u} :yfoL u/]t e}xfNof]
lsg ltdLn] ug'{ cfjZos 5}g < o:t}df ltdL n] ug]{ s'/fdf d ;xdt eP . klxnf]
ljifosf] af/]df aflx/af6 k|efljt ePsf], ltdLnfO{ a'em\g g;s]sf] g]tf ;DalGwwf/0fdf
s]xL a'emfOdf ;df:of /x]sf] ltdLn] :jLsf/ u¥of}+ . ltdLn] cufl8 elg/x]sf lyof}+
–clxn] dnfO{ dx;'; e}/x]sf] 5 sL ltdLnfO{ s:tf] agfpg] bfoLTj klg ddf yk k}bf
ePsf] 5 . dnfO t u+eL/tf k}bf e}/x]sf] 5 . gof“ Oltxf;sf] gof“ g]tf aGg] phf{
k}bf e}/x]sf] 5 . hLjg k|oTg d g]tf aGg] / agfpg] k|s[ofdf cfkm'nfO{ pDof/xg] 5'
. ltdL w]/} efj's / uDeL/ lyof}+ . ltd|f cf“vfaf6 cf“;' alu/x]sf lyP . ;fob
d}n] hLjgdf ltdL o;/L /f]xPsf] klxnf] / clGtd b'j} lyof] . cfvL/ d]/f] k|lta4tf
klg ltg} lyP, d klg Tof] kl/j]zaf6 d'St x'g] s'/} ePg . of] ?jfO cfkm}df v';L /
Pstfsf] ?jfO{ lyof] .
To;kl5sf lbgx?df Ps dgf Pstfsf] cfwf/df >Ldfg, >LdtL klg ePgf}+ .
lj/f]wsf] gfddf lj/f]w klg u/]gf}+ . h] xf] Tof] aGg] / agfpg] k|s[ofaf6 cufl8
al9/xof}+ . lhDd]jf/L klg ylkb} uP ltdL ljBfyL{P df]rf{sf] s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf
e};s]sf lyof}+ -@)%$_ . @)%% ;fndf
ju{j}/Ln] lsnf] ;]/f 6' gfds bdg cleofg /fli6«o :t/df rnfP/ 3]/f PSnf] agfpb}
hf]8 tf]8n] g} nUof] . b'Zdgn] s= lji0f' kf]v|f]n, 9fsf/fd kf7s, j]b k|;fb of]lu
nufPt cfd hg;d'bfosf] xTof u¥of] . s}of}sf] 3/ etfe'ª\u agfof] . o;sf] lj?4df
b'Zdgsf] cGt{lj/f]w klxrfg / k/Lrfng kZrft xfdLn] of]hgf agfP/ b'Zdgsf] 3]/f
tf]8\g' eGbf srLª\un u/]/ cfgbf]ngnfO{ c;xof]u ug]{ s]xL sr]/fx? kf6L{ leq b]vf
k/] . rf}yf] lj:tf/Lt a}7ssf lg0f{osf of]hgfx?n] tL sr]/fx? nfO{ a9f/]/ nflulbof]
. To;sf] lj?4 xfd|f] of]hgfnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] x?df ltd|F] e"ldsf cu|:yfgdf
g} /xof] . cf/f]k k|Tof/f]k / c;xof]usf] lar ltd|F] k|ToIf
;xeflutf lqmofl;ntfdf / a}r/fLs :t/df ltdL cuf8L al9/x]sf lyof}+ . To:t}
dxfg\ zlxb s= cgnsf] e'ldsf klg Tolt a]nf sd lyPg . To; cjlwdf xltof/ sAhf ug]{
of]hgf sfof{Gjog u/]/ klxnf] 9f]sf ltdLn] vf]lnlbPsf lyof}+ . d}+n] ltdLnfO{
awfO lbP, ltdLn] To;a]nf k|ltpTt/df eGof}+ –æcfGbf]ngdf sr]/fx?n] kf6L{ /
qmflGtnfO{ sdhf]/ kfg{, ljleGg ?k k|of]u ub{5g, dfn]df afbsf] cfnf]sdf /x]/
lgd{dtfk"j{s qmlGtsf/Lx? clGtd ;Dd n8\g' k5{ .Æ To; leq s8f / efj's zAbx?
d}n] b]lv/x]sL / ;'gL/x]sL lyP . d}n] a'em\bYo] . Toxf“ kL8f / cfs|f]; s]lGb|t
ePsf] lyof] . xfdLn] euf}8f, cfTd;dk0f{, kfnfogtf, cfTd;'/Iff, c/fhstf
;+s[0ftfjfbL sr]/fx?;“u n8\b} / k/f:t ub}{ cfGbf]ngsf] /Iff ub}{, To;sf] ljrf/af6
cfGbf]ngnfO{ cuf8L a9fO/Xof}+}+ .
@)%^ sf] clGtdlt/ cf]hf]g afa' hlGdPsf] a]nf ltdLn] cfGbf]ngsf] aLraf6
cfkm\gf] e"ldsfdf cu|:yfg k|fKt u¥of] . afa' hlGdPsf] @)÷@% lbg kl5 ltdL
ljBfyL{ /fli6«o e]nf ;s]/ klxnf] k6s cfPsf lyof}+ . d}n] /fli6«o e]nfdf ePsf
s'/fx? ;f]w]kl5 ltldn] ;a} s'/f ;'gfof}+ .
To;kl5, cf]hf]gsf] :oxf/, ;+Eof/ / d]/f] zfl//Ls tGb'?:ttfsf] nflu To;
qmddf :jtx d]/f] e'dLsf k|d'v x'g k'Uof] . ltdLdf To;a]nf yk lhDd]jf/L /xg' :jfefljs}
xf] . To;}sf] aLraf6 cfGbf]ng leqsf] Pp6f c;n >Ldfg / c;n afa' aGg ltdL ;kmn
e}/x]sf] lyof}+ . o; dfdnfdf ltdL ckm\gf] k|ltj4tfdf cu|:yfgdf /xof}+ . ;fdfGtL
;+/rgfn] agfPsf 9f]uL c;dfgtfsf] lj?4 n8\b} tL hfnfx? Rof]b} ltdL cuf8L a9\of}+
. ltdL cf]hf]gsf] afa' x'g kfPsf] ulj{t g} lyof] . slxn] sfxL ljeGg ;dodf d}n]
ltdLnfO{ x]k]sf], cfb/ ;Ddfg gu/]sf] cf/]k nufp“bf ddf x'g] p2]ngnfO{ ltldn]
æ;fdtL 9f]ªsf] r]tgfaf6 cfPsf] s'/fnfO{ lnP/ lsg p2]nLt x'g] < o;;“u cem
w]/} n8\g] cf“6 ug'{ k5{ . o;sf h/fx? Ps Ps u/]/ pvNg' k5{ .Æ eGb} dnfO{ dfly
p7fO /x]sf lyof} .
cf]hf]g ha !$ dlxgfsf] k'Uof], ta aRrf 5f]8\g] s'/fdf ltd|f] ljsNk ;lxtsf]
;xdt pRr / /fd|f] lyof] . xfdLn] cfGbf]ngs} jLraf6 cf]hf]gnfO{ lnP/ cl3 a9\of}+
. kf]x/ ;fn ltdL 3/df e]6\g uof}+ . d}n] hf]8;“u eg] –afa' / d klg hfG5f} .
kl5 ltd|f] ;'emfjnfO{ dfg]/ s]lx ;dokl5 d cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL eP .
t/ cfh ef}lts ?kdf ltdL / d ;“u} 5}gf}+ . ltdL;“u 3/df cf]hf]gnfO{
lnP/ hfg] of]hgf cw'/f] ag]sf] 5 . cfh ef]ln cf]hf]g cf}nf ;dfo/ lx8g] / s'/f ug]{
ePsf] 5 . ltd|f] ;kgf cw'/f] ePsf] 5 . kf]x/ ;fn d+l;/ % ut] Pp6f sfo{qmdaf6
km]/L e]6g] k|lta4tfsf ;fy xfdL 5'l6Psf lyof}+, km]/L e]6\g] k|lta4tfsf] s8L
6'l6;s]sf] 5 . cGo c+udf uf]nL nfUg' / d'6'df uf]nL nfUg' cfkm}df leGg s'/f xf]
. Tof] cfkm}df efj's / ljlzi6 b'vfO{ xf] . lt cGt{;DalGwt klg x'g5g\ . d}n]
ltd|f] :jfledfgnfO cfGbf]ngsf] prfO{;+u} cl3 a9fO{/x]sf] 5' . k|]d eGg] s'/f k'/fgf]
/ a'9f] x'g] s'/f k|lt dnfO{ /lQe/ ljZjf; 5}g\ . To; ljlzi6 kl/l:ytLsf] ljlzi6
ljZn]if0f gug]{ / ga'em\g] cWofTdjfbL 9f]ª xf], Tof] ?9LafbL klg xf] . k|]d
jf:tjdf ;x|} tfhf / gof“ eP/ ljrf/ ;“u} cufl8 a9L/xg] phf{ xf] . dnfO o;
k|lt cfTdljZjf; 5 .
:g]xL s= cfod ltd|F] ;kgf k'/f ug]{ k|s[ofdf ;ky vfb} ;f/f /ftf
dfG5]x?;“u d / cf]hf]g klg 5f}+ .
ToxL clw j]x/Lsf] aLraf6 d cf]hf]gsf] a'jfsf] klg e"lds lgjf{x ug]{ 5' .
ltd|f] 3/df d cf]hfg]nfO{ lnP/ hfg]5' . Toxf“ x'g] p2]ngnfO{ d}n] cfs|f]; /
uj{df abNg] 5' . clg hNnfbx?sf] lj?4 xfdL abnf lng cf“l3a]x/Ld ;dflxt x'g]5f}+
. w]/} cfb/0fLo sd/]8 x? / ldqx?n] cf]hf]gnfO{ ltd|f] k]k/ eGg'x'G5, d ltdLnfO{
cf]hf]gdf vf]Hg k|oTg ul//xg]5' . sltkon] afa'nfO{ 6'x'/fsf] ?kdf x]/]sf] b]V5'
. d eg] afa'nfO{ cfGbf]ngsf] 5f]/f] ag]/ x'ls{/x]sf] kfO/xG5' . d ckm'nfO{ klg
o;/L g} a'lem/V5' . Oltxf;df To:tf jL/x?, :jfledfgLx? w]/} sd x'G5g, ltg} yf]/]
dWo] ltdL klg Ps xf}+ . lhpb} nf; ag]/ b'Zdg;“u cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ sfo/x?sf] kl/jf/
x'g' eGbf d/]/ af“rL /x]g tL dxfg\ jL/ :jfledfgL, cfGbf]ngsf 9's9'sL ljrf/ /
l;4fGt ag]/ rlDs/xg] of]4fsL >LdtL x'g kfpg', cfkmGt / ju{ x'g kfpg' cfkm}df
>]os/ s'/f xf] . d ;w}e/L of] uLt km]/L klg ufO/xg]5' . of] l5of l5kf
d'6'nfO{, lj5f]8nfO{, cf“;' / /ut nfO{, ad, uf]nf af?bdf abNg] clg clGtd ;Dd
nl8/xg], k|lta4tfsf ;fy ljbf ============