df]rf{x¿
!= tfdfª
gfd M tfdfª /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfn
(Tamang National Liberation Front, Nepal)
:yfkgf M lj=;+= @)%%
d+l;/ %, sf7df8f}+ .
;+:yfks M cWoIf s'df/
of]~hg
/fli6«o e]nf M lj=;+=
@)%* sflt{s !*, sfe|], cWoIf u+ufaxfb'/ tfdfª
/fli6«o dxflwj]zg M lj=;+=
@)^) c;f/ !)–!@ sfe|], cWoIf lxtaxfb'/ tfdfª
@= dfemL
gfd M dfemL
/fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfn
(Majhi National Liberation Front, Nepal)
:yfkgf M lj=;+= @)%*
h]7 ^ -k|yd /fli6«o e]nf_
;+:yfks M cWoIf
t'naxfb'/ dfemL -!& ;b:oLo s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt_
/fli6«o e]nf M lj=;+=
)%( kmfu'g @%–@^, cWoIf t'naxfb'/ dfemL
afx'No lhNnf M /fd]5fk,
l;Gw'nL, dsjfgk'/ .
#= blnt
gfd M g]kfn blnt
d'lQm df]rf{
(Nepal Dalit Liberation Front)
:yfkgf M lj=;+= @)%#
kmfu'g -e"ldut ¿kdf ;'/]z jfUn]sf] pkl:yltdf_
;+:yfks ;+of]hs M ltns kl/of/
-& ;b:oLo s]Gb|Lo tby{ ;ldlt_
/fli6«o e]nf M lj=;+=
@)%% kmfu'g $ -# ut] d'lQm ;dfhaf6 ljb|f]x u/L Pstfdf ;fd]n_ ;+of]hs ;Gtf]ifL
lj=s= -!& ;b:oLo tby{ ;ldlt_
bf];|f] e]nf M @)%*,
lrtjgdf kf6L{ cWoIf sd/]8 k|r08sf] pkl:yltdf bf];|f] /fli6«o e]nf ;DkGg
eof] . e]nfn] ltns kl/of/sf] cWoIftfdf #( ;b:oLo s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt
agfof] .
$= yfdL
gfd M yfdL
/fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfn
(Thami National Liberation Front, Nepal)
:yfkgf M lj=;+= @)%*
kmfu'g @* bf]nvf .
;+:yfks cWoIf M r'gaxfb'/
yfdL .
/fli6«o e]nf M )%( r}q
!–@ bf]nvf, cWoIf r'gaxfb'/ yfdL .
afx'No lhNnf M bf]nvf,
l;Gw'kfNrf]s, /fd]5fk, Onfd .
%= /fO{–bg'jf/
gfd M /fO{–bg'jf/
/fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfn
(Rai-Danuwar National Liberation Front,
Nepal)
:yfkgf M lj=;+= @)^)
d+l;/ @! .
;+:yfks cWoIf M jt{dfg
bg'jf/ .
afx'No lhNnf M l;Gw'nL,
dsjfgk'/, g'jfsf]6, l;Gw'kfNrf]s .
^= g]jf/
gfd M g]jfM
/fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfn
(Newar
National Liberation Front, Nepal)
:yfkgf M lj=;+= )%%
h]7 ( -g]kfn ;Djt !!!*_ .
;+:yfks cWoIf M kjgdfg
>]i7 .
/fli6«o e]nf M )%% k';,
k|yd /fli6«o e]nf, cWoIf lbnLk dxh{g
/fli6«o ;Dd]ng M @)^) c;f/
!$, cWoIf kjgdfg >]i7 . o;} /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] df]rf{sf] gfd, g]jfM
/fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfn agfof] . :yfkgfsfndf df]rf{sf] gfd g]jfM vn
lyof] .
&= du/
gfd M du/ /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfn
(Magar National Liberation Front, Nepal)
:yfkgf M lj=;+= @)%$ r}q @( .
;+:yfks M ;+of]hs nf]saxfb'/ yfkfdu/ -yfkfsf] lu/ºtf/L / knfogkl5
@)%( sf] ;'?df ;+of]hs ;'/]z cfn]du/_ .
/fli6«o ;Dd]ng M )%( ;fpg k|yd /fli6«o ;Dd]ng, cWoIf ;Gtf]if
a'9fdu/ .
*= td' -u'?ª_
gfd M td' /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfn
(Tamu National Liberation Front, Nepal)
;+:yfkgf M lj=;+= )%%
;fn .
;+:yfks ;+of]hs M df]xgl;+x
td' .
/fli6«o e]nf M )%&,
;+of]hs cd/ td' .
/fli6«o ;Dd]ng M )%*
sflt{s, cWoIf cd/ td' .
(= ls/ft /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfnsf cWoIf eQm/fh sGbªjf .
!)= z]kf{ /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfnsf cWoIf kf;fª z]kf{ .
!!= dw]z If]qLo d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfnsf cWoIf dft[sf ofbj .
!@= e]/L–s0ff{nL If]qLo d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfnsf cWoIf v8\uaxfb'/
ljZjsdf{ .
!#= ;]tL–dxfsfnL If]qLo d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfnsf cWoIf n]v/fh e§ .
!$= yf? /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, g]kfnsf cWoIf /fdr/0f rf}w/L
x'g'x'G5 .
w
hgjuL{o ;+u7gx¿
!= dlxnf
gfd M clvn g]kfn
dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_
All Nepal Womens' Association
(Revolutionary)
k|yd cWoIf M pld{nf
cof{n -@)#* cof]Wof_
bf];|f] cWoIf M lxl;nf
old -@)%! d+l;/, sf7df8f}+_*
t];|f] cWoIf M /]vf zdf{
-)%% d+l;/, sf7df8f}+_
rf}yf] cWoIf M hok'/L
3tL{ -)^) c;f/, lrtjg_
em08fsf] cy{ M tLg
tf/fsf] cy{– Pstf–;+3if{–d'lQm
) d+unfb]jL -@))$_ ** ) sfdfIffb]jL -@))*_
) kfl/hft -@)##_ k'gu{7g )
pld{nf cof{n -@)#*_
) g}gsnf yfkf -===_ )
zzL >]i7 -@)$* Pstf_
) k"0ff{ ;'j]bL -@)%)_
gf]6 M * bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng Pstfsf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng xf] / o;}af6 gfdsf]
k5fl8 qmflGtsf/L ylkPsf] xf] .
** pld{nfb]lv hok'/L;Dd ;Dd]ngåf/f lgjf{lrt cWoIf x'g'x'G5 eg]
d+unfb]jLb]lv k"0ff{ ;'j]bL;Dd e]nf jf a}7såf/f cWoIf agfOPsf]
lyof] .
@= ls;fg
gfd M clvn g]kfn
ls;fg ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_
All Nepal Peasant Association
(Revolutionary)
:yfkgf M @))&
;fn .
e]nf M lj=;+=
@)%& ;fndf dsjfgk'/df ;DkGg /fli6«o e]nfn] ;+u7gsf] gfdsf] k5fl8
-qmflGtsf/L_ zAbfjnL k|of]u u¥of] . To;eGbf cufl8 @))& n]Vg] k|rng
/x]sf] lyof] . e]nfn] lzj/fh uf}tdnfO{ cWoIf lgjf{lrt u¥of] .
) o;eGbf cufl8 ljleGg ;dodf kf]i6axfb'/
af]u6L, lbnaxfb'/ >]i7, lrqaxfb'/ >]i7 cWoIf eP/ sfd ug{'ePsf]
lyof] .
#= dhb'/
gfd M clvn g]kfn
6]«8 o'lgog dxf;+3
(All Nepal Trade Union
Federation)
:yfkgf M lj=;+=
@))!–@))# ;Dd tLg j6f ;+u7g cl:tTjdf b]lvG5g\, h;df– lj/f6gu/ dhb'/ o'lgog,
:jtGq dhb'/ o'lgog / s6g ldn dhb'/ o'lgog .
) lj=;+= @))^ ;fndf
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] :yfkgfn] kf/]sf] k|efj;“u} @))* ;fndf jfdkGyLx¿n] clvn g]kfn 6]«8
o'lgog s+u|]; u7g u/] . o;sf] cWoIf gognfn af]x/f x'g'x'GYof] . To;}
;dodf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] cWoIftfdf lj/f6gu/ dhb'/ ;ef klg u7g eof] .
) lj=;+= @)#^ ;fndf
afnfh'df jfdx¿sf] ;femf dhb'/ ;+u7g æg]kfn :jtGq dhb'/ o'lgogÆ u7g eof] .
) of] ;+u7g dfn]k/:t ePkl5
lj=;+= @)#& ;fndf g/axfb'/ sdf{rfo{sf] g]t[Tjdf clvn g]kfn 6«]8 o'lgogsf]
u7g eof] .
) @)$) ;fndf ;+u7gdf
km"6 ePkl5 O{Zj/L bfxfn -c;f/] sfsf_sf] g]t[Tjdf clvn g]kfn dhb'/ ;+3sf]
u7g ul/of] .
) clvn g]kfn dhb'/ ;+3,
clvn g]kfn 6«]8 o'lgog / /fli6«o dhb'/ ;+u7gsf] aLrdf Pstf eO{ @)$* k'; @!–@@
ut] ;DkGg /fli6«o e]nfn] clvn g]kfn 6]«8 o'lgog dxf;+3 u7g ub{} cWoIfdf lbg]z
zdf{nfO{ lgjf{lrt u¥of] .
) o;kl5 dxf;+3sf] cWoIfdf
qmdz M /lj sfsL{ -@)%! ;fndf ;DkGg /fli6«o ;Dd]ngdf_ / s'df/ bfxfn -@)%# ;fndf
;DkGg ;+3Lo kl/ifb\sf] a}7sdf_ x'“b} @)^) c;f/df ;DkGg /fli6«o e]nfn] ;flns/fd
hDs§]nnfO{ lgjf{lrt u¥of] .
) dxf;+3cGtu{tsf k]zfut
;+u7gx¿– -!_ clvn g]kfn dhb'/ ;+3
-@_ clvn g]kfn oftfoft dhb'/ ;+3 -#_ clvn g]kfn lgdf{0f dhb'/ ;+3
-$_ clvn g]kfn un}rf dhb'/ ;+3 -%_ clvn g]kfn xf]6n tyf /]i6'/f“ dhb'/ ;+3 -^_
clvn g]kfn l/S;f dhb'/ ;+3 -&_ clvn g]kfn ufd{]G6 dhb'/ ;+3 -*_ clvn g]kfn
lrofjufg dhb'/ ;+3 -(_ clvn g]kfn k]G6/ dhb'/ ;+3 -!)_ clvn g]kfn yfªsf snf
dhb'/ ;+3 -!!_ clvn g]kfn ld6/ 6\ofDk' dhb'/ ;+3 -!@_ clvn g]kfn k|ultzLn klqsf
ljqm]tf ;+3 .
$= lzIfs
gfd M clvn g]kfn
lzIfs ;+u7g
(All Nepal Teachers' Organisation)
:yfkgf M lj=;+= @)%)
ebf} .
;+:yfks M ;+of]hs
d'lQm vgfn -vgfnsf] knfogkl5 )%! ebf}df ;+of]hs lxt/fh kf08] -piff__
/fli6«o e]nf M @)%@
efb|, sf7df8f}+, ;+of]hs lxt/fh kf08] -piff_
/fli6«o ;Dd]ng M @)%@ df3,
k|yd /fli6«o ;Dd]ngaf6 cWoIf lxt/fh kf08] .
a}7s M c;f/ )%%
cWoIf rGb|sfGt kf}8]n -ljho_
a}7s M c;f/ )^) df
Go"lSno;sf] u7g .
e]nf M efb| )^)
/fli6«o e]nf ;DkGg, ;+of]hs u'0f/fh nf]xgL
/fli6«o ;Dd]ng M )^! k';
-?s'd_ bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng, cWoIf u'0f/fh nf]xgL .
gf]6 M @)%) ebf} cufl8 lhNnf–lhNnfdf clvn g]kfn lzIfs ;+3sf]
gfdaf6 jfdkGyL qmflGtsf/L lzIfsx? lqmofzLn lyP .
%= hg;f+:s[lts ;+3
gfd M clvn g]kfn
hg;f+:s[lts ;+3
All Nepal People's Cultural Association
(ANPCA)
:yfkgf M lj=;+= @)#*
r}q, ;+:yfks cWoIf, kfl/hft -Tolta]nf ;+u7gsf] gfd, clvn g]kfn /fli6«o
hg;f+:s[lts ;+3 lyof]_
k|yd /fli6«o e]nf M @)$*
;fndf k|yd /fli6«o e]nf, ;+of]hs s[i0f;]g OR5's -o;} e]nfn] ;+u7gsf] gfd clvn
g]kfn hg;f+:s[lts ;+3 agfof]_
k|sfzg M @)$( df
k|ultzLn ;flxTosf] k|ltlglw klqsf …sndÚ q}dfl;ssf] k|sfzg yfngL .
k'gu{7g M @)%@ ;fndf
;+u7g k'gu{7g u/L ;+of]hs zlQm nD;fn .
k|yd /f=;= M @)%% df3,
cWoIf s[i0f;]g OR5's -( ;b:oLo s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt_
xTof M @)%( h]7 ^
ut] cWoIf s[i0f ;]gsf] lx/f;tdf xTof .
bf];|f] /f=;= M @)^)
c;f/, sf7df8f}+ cWoIf dl0f yfkf
;f+:s[lts kl/jf/ tyf 6f]nLx¿
!= ;fdgf ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/ -s]Gb|Lo
6f]nL– @)$( df /fli6«o e]nfåf/f u7g_
o;sf uLlt Sof;]6x¿
) hgtfsf efsfx¿–! ) cf“wL
cfp“b}5, x'/L rNb}5
) hnhnf )
clejfbg
) /ftf] 3fd
@= If]qLo ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/x¿
) lj;' -ljgo–;'Gb/_
;f+:s[lts a6flnog -;]tL–dxfsfnL_
) e]s ;f+:s[lts ;+ud
-e]/L–s0ff{nL_
) k|lt/f]w ;f+:s[lts
;d"x -ljz]if If]q_
o;sf rSsfx¿
w
Ps} /ftdf wtL{ xlNnof]–!
w
ca l5§} xfd|f] cfwf/If]q aGb}5–@
w
ljb|f]xsf] o'u–#
) lIflth ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/ -u08s_
o;sf rSsfx¿
w
o'4sf] d}bfg–!
w o'usf] cfx\jfg–@
w hgtfsf] ;'gf}nf] /fh cfp“b}5–#
) ;]g–Rofª -s[i0f;]g–Rofªaf nfdf_
;f+:s[lts kl/jf/ -afudtL–gf/fo0fL_
o;sf rSsfx¿
w
PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbL–!
w
o'4nf d}bfg /]lhgf–@ -tfdfª efiffdf_
) z}n'ª ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/ -hgsk'/_
o;sf rSsfx¿
w d'lQm o'4sf
w"gx¿–!
) rf]df]n'ªdf ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/
-;u/dfyf_
^= a'l4hLjL
gfd M g]kfn
/fli6«o a'l4hLjL ;+u7g
(
All Nepal National Intellectuals' Organisation)
:yfkgf M lj=;+=
@)$*, ;+:yfks ;+of]hs 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{ .
k|yd /f=;= M @)$*
lrtjgdf, cWoIf bLk]Gb|axfb'/ If]qL .
/fli6«o e]nf M lj=;+=
@)%), cWoIf– ;'/]z cfn]du/ .
/fli6«o e]nf M lj=;+=
@)%@ cWoIf /d]z zdf{ .
bf];|f] /f=;= M lj=;+=
@)%%, sf7df8f}+, cWoIf /d]z zdf{ .
/fli6«o e]nf M lj=;+=
@)%* cWoIf /d]z zdf{ .
t];|f] /f=;= M )^),
sf7df8f}+, cWoIf k|tfk jGt .
/fli6«o e]nf M )^! df3,
ljz]if If]q, cWoIf sf]dn a/fn .
&= ljBfyL{
gfd M clvn g]kfn
/fli6«o :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgog -qmflGtsf/L_
{All Nepal National Independent Students' Union (Revolutionary)}
;+:yfkgf M lj=;+= @)@@
;fn .
/fli6«o ;Dd]ngx¿
qm=;+= ldlt cWoIf dxf;lrj
!= klxnf] -h]7, @)@@_ ;'hg v/]n
@= bf];|f] -h]7, @)@%_ ljZjsfGt d}gfnL
#= t];|f] -h]7, @)@^_ uf]ljGbdfg >]i7
$= rf}yf] -c;f/, @)@(_ d's'Gbaxfb'/ >]i7 kz'klt jfUn]
%= kf“rf}+ -h]7, @)##_ lg/~hg rfkfufO{+
^= 5}7f}+ -ebf}, @)#^_ nLnfdl0f kf]v|]n an/fd af:sf]6f
&= ;ftf+} -r}q, @)#*_ nLnfdl0f kf]v|]n sdn rf}nfufO{+
*= cf7f}+ -r}q, @)$)_ b]j u'?ª /dg
>]i7
(= gjf}+ -h]7, @)$#_ /dg >]i7 ob' uf}td
!)= bzf}+ -kmfu'g, @)$$_ efg' zdf{ tf]ofgfy
yklnof
!!= P3f/f}+ -h]7, @)$&_ b]j]Gb| kf}8]n
!@= afx|f}+ -kmfu'g, @)$*_ lxtdfg zfSo b]j]Gb|
kf}8]n
!#= t]x|f}+ -j}zfv, @)%@_ s[i0fWjh v8\sf u+uf >]i7
!$= rf}wf}+ -d+l;/, @)%$_ s[i0fWjh v8\sf /fdk|;fb a~hf8]
!%= kGw|f}+ -c;f]h, @)%*_ b]j]Gb| k/fh'nL k"0f{ kf}8]n
!^= ;f]x|f}+ -c;f/, @)^)_ n]vgfy Gof}kfg] lxdfn zdf{
w
ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngsf]
Oltxf;
-s_ /f0ffsfn
) lj=;+= !((! df ef/tsf]
agf/;df cWoog/t ljBfyL{x¿n] g]kfnL 5fq ;+3sf] u7g u/] .
) lj=;= !((& df3 !^ ut]
zf]efeujtLdf em'08\ofP/ lqrGb| SofDk;sf ljBfyL{ g]tf Pj+ g]kfnsf] klxnf]
/fhgLlts kf6L{ …g]kfn k|hf kl/ifb\sf ;b:o u+ufnfn >]i7nfO{ /f0ff zf;sn]
kmf“;L lbof] . To;sf/0f u+ufnfn >]i7nfO{ ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngsf k|yd zxLb
dflgG5 .
) lj=;+= @))! df ef/tsf]
snsQfdf cWoog/t g]kfnL ljBfyL{x¿n] lxdf~rn ljBfyL{ ;+3sf] u7g u/] .
) lj=;+= @))$ ;fn c;f/ !
ut] …hot' ;+:s[td\Ú gfdn] klxnf] ;+ul7t ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngsf] ;'?jft eof] .
o;sf d'Vo dfux¿– aflx/L ¿kdf; lzIffdf sd{sf08afx]s
Oltxf;, e"uf]n, cy{zf:q cflb ljifox¿ ;dfj]z ul/g'kg{] lyof] eg] leqL dd{
eg] /f0ff zf;gsf] lj?4 ;+ul7t ¿kdf lj/f]w ug{' / ;+3if{ rnfpg' lyof] . o;}
qmddf @))$ d+l;/ @@ ut] ;+:s[t 5fqfjf; sf7df8f}+af6 $# hgf ljBfyL{nfO{ /]l:6s]6
u/L /f0ff zf;gn] ljBfyL{ lj/f]wL bdgsf/L rl/q b]vfof] .
) lj=;+= @))^ ;fn c;f/
!& ut] e"ldut ?kdf k|r08/fh l;+xsf] g]t[Tjdf clvn g]kfn ljBfyL{
km]8/]zg -c=g]=lj=km]=_ u7g ul/of] . of] ;+u7g g} g]kfnL ljBfyL{
cfGbf]ngsf] klxnf] ljBfyL{ ;+u7g xf] .
-v_ @))& ;fnkl5sf] ;+;bLo sfn
) lj=;+= @))& ;fn k';
@$ ut] ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL hjfx/nfn g]x¿sf] dWo:ytfdf lqkIfLo -/f0ff, /fhf /
sf+u|];_ /fi6«3ftL lbNnL ;Demf}tf eof] . clvn g]kfn ljBfyL{ km]8/]zgn] pQm
wf]sfk"0f{ lbNnL ;Demf}tfsf] tLj| e08fkmf]/ ub{} ljljw lj/f]wsf sfo{qmdx¿
;+rfng ug{ yfNof] . cfGbf]ngsf] o;} qmddf @))* ;fn sflt{s @) ut] cfof]lht
lj/f]w h'n';df tTsfnLg ;/sf/n] cGwfw'Gw uf]nL rnfof] . sfo{qmddf ;lqmo ;xefuL
;+u7gsf xf]gxf/ ;b:o, ljZjlgs]tg xfO:s"ndf k9\g] !$ jifL{o ljBfyL{
lrlgof“sfhL >]i7 …pbf;Ú sf] e"uf]nkfs{ sf7df8f}+df xTof eof] .
Tolta]nf ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj ug{] /f0ffsfnLg clGtd k|wfgdGqL df]xg zDz]/ lyP eg]
uf]nL xfGg] cfb]z lbg] u[xdGqL -sf+u|];sf g]tf_ ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnf
lyP .
) lj=;+= @)!! ;fndf clvn
g]kfn ljBfyL{ km]8/]zgn] cfºgf] klxnf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng u¥of] .
) lj=;+= @)!# ;fndf clvn
g]kfn ljBfyL{ km]8/]zg / pkTosfdf lqmofzLn cGt/sn]h ljBfyL{ o'lgogaLr Pstf
;Dd]ng eP/ g]kfn /fli6«o ljBfyL{ km]8/]zg -g]=/f=lj=km]=_ sf] u7g ul/of] .
) o;aLrdf ljBfyL{
cfGbf]ngdf clvn g]kfn ljBfyL{ km]8/]zgafx]s cGt/sn]h ljBfyL{ o'lgog, g]kfn 5fq
;+3 / ;+:s[t 5fq ;+3 cl:tTjdf lyP . g]kfn 5fq ;+3 / ;+:s[t 5fq ;+3
oyfl:yltjfbL ljBfyL{ ;+u7g ePs} sf/0f Pstf k|lqmofdf ;fd]n x'g OGsf/ u/] .
-u_ k~rfotsfn
) lj=;+= @)!( ;fndf
b/afl/of …zfxL sDo'lg:6Ú 8f=s]z/h+u /fodfemL ;dy{sx¿n] g]kfn /fli6«o ljBfyL{
km]8/]zgnfO{ km'6fO{ cfºgf] u'6 cg's"nsf] dfemLkGyL ;+u7g g]kfn /fli6«o
ljBfyL{ km]8/]zgsf] u7g u/] .
) g]kfn /fli6«o ljBfyL{
km]8/]zgsf] d"nk|jfxn] klg cfºgf] P]ltxfl;s qmflGtsf/L 5ljnfO{ ljufb{} ¿;L
;+zf]wgjfbLx¿sf] lk5nUu' ag]kl5 qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{x¿sf] csf{] 5'§} ;+u7g
lgdf{0f ug{'kg{] ;f]rsf] ljsf; x'“b} uof] .
) lj=;+= @)@! ;fn j}zfvdf
lqrGb| sn]h ljBfyL{ o'lgogsf] lqmofzLntf / Joj:yfkgdf pkTosfJofkL cGt/sn]h
ljBfyL{ ;Dd]ng ;DkGg eof] . o; ;Dd]ngn] lgDg dfu;lxtsf] Pp6f dfukq tof/
u/L ;zQm ;+3if{ ;+rfng ug{] lg0f{o u¥of] .
w uf]vf{ etL{ s]Gb|
k"0f{tM vf/]h ug{'kg{] .
w ;a} /fi6«3ftL c;dfg
;lGwx¿sf] vf/]h ug{'kg{] .
w :jljo" vf]Ng kfpg]
clwsf/sf] axfnL ug{'kg{] .
w ;Dk"0f{ aGbL
ljBfyL{x¿ ljgf;t{ l/xf ug{'kg{] .
kf“r lbg;Dd rn]/
;Dd]ng eJotfsf ;fy ;DkGg ePsf] v'zLofnL
-ljho_ df h]7 ! ut] ljBfyL{x¿sf] ljzfn h'n'; k|bz{g eof] . ev{/} rsrsLsf]
cj:yfdf k'u]sf] k+rfotL ;Qfn] ljBfyL{ h'n';dfly Jofks bdg u¥of] . k+rfotL
k|x/L;“u cfGbf]ngsf/L ljBfyL{x¿sf] Jofks eL8Gt x'“bf s}of}+ ljBfyL{ / k|x/Lx¿
3fOt] eP eg] !%) eGbf a9L ljBfyL{x¿ lu/ºtf/ eP . To;kl5 pkTosfJofkL cfd
x8\tfn ;'? eof] . kmn:j¿k :jljo" vf]Ng kfpg] clwsf/ jxfnL / aGbL
ljBfyL{ l/xfO;lxt cGo sltko dfu k"/f ug{ k+rfotL ;Qf afWo eof] . o;/L
cfGbf]ngsf] hLt ePsf]n] x/]s jif{ h]7 ! ut]nfO{ ljBfyL{ lbj;sf] ¿kdf dgfp“b}
cfOPsf] 5 .
) lj=;+= @)@! ;fnsf]
cGTolt/ ef/tsf] nvgpmdf k|ultzLn g]kfnL ljBfyL{ g]tfx¿sf] e]nf ;DkGg
eof] . e]nfn] ¿;L ;+zf]wgjfbL wf/af6 d'Qm ePsf] qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{ ;+u7g
lgdf{0fsf] cfjZostf dx;'; ub}{ b]zleq} e]nf jf ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf ug{] / ;f]sf]
lhDdf lqe'jg ljZjljBfno :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgognfO{{ lbof] .
) lj=;+= @)@@ ;fn h]7df
lji0f'dtL gbL lsgf/fsf] ;fgf] a:tLdf pkTosfJofkL ljBfyL{ e]nf eO{ clvn g]kfn
;Dd]ng gfdsf] ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf] :yfkgf ul/of] . pQm k|yd ;Dd]ngn] zflGt
lgs'~h dfWolds ljBfno sf7df8f}+df sIff ( df k9\g] ljBfyL{ ;'hg v/]n -cfTdf/fd
v/]n_ sf] ;+of]hsTjdf !! ;b:oLo s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt lgjf{lrt u¥of] . o;sf
;b:ox¿df jfr:klt b]jsf]6f, df]xgrGb| clwsf/L, e'jgnfn /fhe08f/L, ljZjsfGt
d}gfnL, bdggfy 9'+ufgf -<_ cflb lyP . sfg'gL ¿kdf aRgsf] nflu pd]/ sd
ePsf ;'hgnfO{ g]tf agfOPsf] xf] eGg] egfO kfOG5 .
) clvn g]kfn ;Dd]ngsf] k|yd
;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePnuQ} o;} ;+u7gsf] tTk/tfdf /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o ;d:ofx¿nfO{
lnP/ cyjf ljBfyL{ xslxtsf ;fy} ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbåf/f ;':tf / dx]zk'/df ePsf ;Ldf
cltqmd0f lj?4 ;+3if{ yflnof] .
) kl/jlt{t cj:yfdf k|yd
/fli6«o ;Dd]ngåf/f lgjf{lrt s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] k|efjsf/L 9+uaf6 cfºgf] e"ldsf
k"/f ug{ g;s]sf] l:yltdf lqe'jg ljZjljBfno ljBfyL{ o'lgogsf ;efklt e'jgnfn
/fhe08f/LnfO{ bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng ug{sf nflu clwsf/ k|Tofof]lht u¥of], tfls
cfGbf]ngn] dfu u/]adf]lhd ;+u7gleq gof“ tfut l;h{gf u/f];\ .
) lj=;+= @)@% ;fn h]7 ^ ut]
lqe'jg ljZjljBfno :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgogsf] cfof]hgfdf lq=lj=lj= cl86f]l/od xn
sLlt{k'/df clvnsf] bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng ;DkGg eof] . ;Dd]ngn] ljZjsfGt
d}gfnLnfO{ sGe]g/ -;+of]hs_ df lgjf{lrt u¥of] . bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngkl5
;+u7gn] ef/tLo r]skf]i6 lj?4 / c;dfg jfl0fHo tyf kf/jxg ;lGw lj?4df c;/bf/
;+3if{ ;+rfng u¥of] .
) clvnsf] bf];|f] /fli6«o
;Dd]ngnfO{ ;Dd]ng dfGg] ls gdfGg] eGg] ljifodf s]Gb|df g} s]xL ljjfb p7\of] /
o;n] tn klg s]xL k|efj kf¥of] . of] ljjfb xn ug{sf nflu Pp6f ;ldlt
-cfof]u_ v8f ul/of] . pQm ;ldltn] bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngnfO{ ;Dd]ng g}
eGg] lg0f{o lbPkl5 To;nfO{ ;Dd]ng dflgof] . ;fy} Ps jif{leq} csf{] /fli6«o
;Dd]ng -t];|f]_ ug{'kg{] lg0f{o klg pQm ;ldltn] lbP/ ;d:ofsf] ;xh xn lbg] sfd
u¥of] .
) lj=;+= @)@^ ;fn h]7 @)–@!
ut] @% lhNnfsf k|ltlglwx¿ ;xefuL eO{ kf6gsf] n'v';Ldf ;+u7gsf] t];|f] /fli6«o
;Dd]ng ;DkGg eof] . ;Dd]ngn] uf]ljGbdfg >]i7sf] cWoIftfdf s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt
lgjf{lrt u¥of] . clvnsf] t];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngnfO{ cToGt dxŒjk"0f{
;Dd]ng eg]/ Oltxf;df n]lvPsf] 5 / xfdLn] klg To;/L g} dfGb} cfPsf 5f}+ lsgeg]–
w t];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn]
;+u7gsf] gfdfs/0f c=g]=/f=:j=lj=o'= u¥of] .
w t];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn]
;+u7gsf] :ki6 ljwfg / gLlt–sfo{qmd;lxt k|ltj]bg tof/ u¥of] .
w ;+u7gn] o; ;Dd]ngkZrft\
k|ultzLn ljrf/nfO{ :ki6;“u c“ufNof] .
w t];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngkl5
;+u7gn] ;fd|fHojfb, lj:tf/jfb, ;fdGtjfb, k|ltlqmofjfb / ;a}vfn] cj;/jfblj?4
;+3if{ u/L ;fdGtjfbL lzIff k|0ffnLlj?4 hgjfbL lzIff k|0ffnL :yfkgf ug{] :ki6
ceLi6 /fVof] .
) c=g]=/f=:j=lj=o'=sf]
t];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] :ki6;“u hgjfbL lzIff;lxt k|ultzLn ljrf/ c“ufn]kl5
k|ultzLn ljrf/lj/f]wL ;d"xn] @)@& j}zfv @^ ut] 5'§} ;d"x …g]kfn
ljBfyL{ ;+3 -g]=lj=;+3_ sf] u7g u/] . ;+ul7t g]kfnL ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdf of]
km"6 klxnf] lyof] . pQm ;d"x clvnleq c6\g g;Sgfsf sf/0fx¿ lyP–
w km/s ju{rl/q x'g' .
w leGg /fhgLlts b[li6sf]0f
x'g' .
w /fli6«otfk|ltsf] ;f]r
cfTd;dk{0fjfbL x'g' .
) g]kfnL sDo'lg:6
cfGbf]ngleq b]vfk/]sf ljleGg wf/dWo] Pp6f oflGqs cltjfbL wf/ hah{:t
b]vfk¥of] . h'g wf/n] ;z:q ;+3if{sf] gfd lbP/ @)@* ;fndf emfkfdf ls;fg
;+3if{sf] yfngL u¥of] . o; ;+3if{sf] k|efj ;dfh lj1fgsf] lgodcg';f/ g}
ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdf klg :jfefljs ¿kn] k¥of] . o;/L k|efljt ljBfyL{
;d"xnfO{ emfkfnL ljBfyL{ eg]/ lrlgG5 . pQm ;d"xsf d'Vo ljrf/x¿–
w j}wflgs ;+3if{sf] s'g} cy{
5}g .
w ;z:q ;+3if{afx]ssf ;a} cGo
lqmofsnfkx¿ k"/} ;+zf]wgjfbL sfo{ x'g\ .
w hgjuL{o ;+u7gx¿sf] s'g}
cf}lrTo 5}g .
w …a'h{'jf lzIff alxisf/
u/f}+ tyf a'h{'jf ;l6{lkms]6 Roftf}+Ú eGg] lyP .
) emfkf
;+3if{df o'jf ljBfyL{x¿n] ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb lj?4df qmflGtsf/L ;+sNk, Tofu /
pT;u{ pRr k|sf/af6 k|bz{g u/] . ;fy} b[li6sf]0fdf oflGqstf eP klg
;+zf]wgjfblj/f]wL ;f]+r lnPsf lyP . o; kIfnfO{ xfdL ;a}n] ;Ddfg
ug{'k5{ .
) lj=;+=
@)@( ;fn c;f/ #–% ut];Dd emfkf cfGbf]ngsf] cfnf]rgf ub{} kf6gsf] Rof;ndf
c=g]=/f=:j=lj=o'=sf] rf}yf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng ;DkGg eof] . emfkfnL
ljBfyL{x¿n] o; ;Dd]ngsf] lj/f]w ub{} alxisf/ u/] . ;Dd]ngn] cWoIfdf
d's'Gbaxfb'/ >]i7 / ;lrjdf kz'klt jfUn] /x]sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] lgdf{0f
u¥of] .
) kmfl;i6
k~rfotL Joj:yfn] ;+3–;+:yf lgoGq0f P]g NofP/ c=g]=/f=:j=lj=o'=nfO{ k|ltaGw
u¥of] . o; l:yltdf ;+u7gsf] s]Gb|df ;+u7gnfO{ ;lqmotfk"j{s cem cufl8
n}hfg] / lgl:qmo a:g] ;b:ox¿aLrdf cGt/;+3if{ rNof] . cWoIf d's'Gbaxfb'/sf]
e"ldsf ;sf/fTds gePkl5 ;lrj kz'klt jfUn]nfO{ s]Gb|Lo kxn ug{] lhDdf lbOof] .
) lj=;+= @)@*÷@( ;fndf
k~rfotL ;Qfåf/f nfu" ul/Psf] gof“ lzIff of]hgf -h'g ;fd|fHojfbn] g]kfndf
k|of]usf] nflu k7fPsf] cfofltt cf}klgj]lzs lzIff lyof]_ lj/f]wL ;+3if{df
;lqmotfk"j{s nfUbf @)@( ;fn c;f]h @ ut] hgsk'/ hb's'jfdf ePsf] k|bz{gdf
k+rfotL ;]gfåf/f cfqmd0f eof] . o;df ljBfyL{x¿ sfd]Zj/ / s'z]Zj/ ofbjsf]
lgd{d xTof ul/of] .
) lj=;+=
@)#) ;fn;Dd cfOk'Ubf ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdf c=g]=/f=:j=lj=o'=afx]s cGo ljleGg gfd
ePsf / ljrf/wf/f af]s]sf ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx¿ h:t} g]kfn k|ultzLn ljBfyL{ o'lgog
-g]k|ljo'_, g]kfn qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{ ;+3
-g]=qmf=lj=;+=_ / g]kfn qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{ ;+u7g -g]=qmf=lj=;+u7g_ klg cl:tTjdf
b]vfk/]sf lyP . oBlk logLx¿sf] /fi6«JofkL pkl:ylt lyPg / kl5;Dd klg
ePg .
) lj=;+=
@)## ;fn h]7 (–!) ut] ef/tsf] cof]Wofodf ;+u7gsf] kf“rf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng ;DkGg
eof] t/ emfkfnL ljBfyL{x¿n] o; ;Dd]ngdf km]l/ klg efu lnPgg\ . b]zleq
;+u7gfTds ultljlwdfly k"0f{tM k|ltaGwsf] l:ylt, k|foM g]t[Tjsf] lgl:qmotf
/ knfogtf cflb sf/0fn] ;Dd]ng b]z aflx/ -k|jf;df_ ePsf] lyof] . kf“rf}+
;Dd]ngn] lg/~hg rfkfufO{+sf] cWoIftfdf s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt lgjf{lrt u¥of] .
) c=g]=/f=:j=lj=o'=sf]
kf“rf} /fli6«o ;Dd]ngkl5 b]zsf] k+rfotL /fhgLlts Joj:yfnfO{ k"0f{tM
r'gf}tL lb+b} ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngsf] z+v3f]if eof] . pQm ;+3if{sf d'Vo
Ph]08fx¿ lgDgcg';f/ lyP–
w g]kfnL /fli6«otf ljk/Lt
ef/t;“u ul/Psf] Jofkf/ tyf kf/jxg ;lGwsf] vf/]hL .
w ;Ldfgfdf ef/tn] PstkmL{
/fxbfgL nfu" ug{] gLltsf] vf/]hL .
w k~rfotL ;Qfn] nfu"
u/]sf] slyt e"ld;'wf/, ljs]lGb|s/0f tyf ufp“kms{ h:tf gf/fsf]
e08fkmf]/ .
) lj=;+=
@)#% ;fn r}q @@ ut] kfls:tfgL e"=k"=k|wfgdGqL h'lNkms/ cln e'§f]nfO{
Toxf“sf kmfl;jfbL zf;s lhofpnxsåf/f kmf“;L lbOof] . kmf“;Lsf lj?4
c=g]=/f=:j=lj=o'=n] r}q @$ ut] kfls:tfgL b"tfjf;df h'n';;lxt lj/f]w–kq
lbg] sfo{qmd to u¥of] . n}grf}/af6 ljzfn h'n'; lnP/ kfgLkf]v/Llt/ cufl8
a9\bf k+rfotL k|x/Ln] aLr}df Jofks x:tIf]k u¥of] . ljBfyL{ / k|x/LaLr
7"n–7"nf eL8Gt eP . s}of}+ ljBfyL{ 3fOt] eP eg] s}of}+ ljBfyL{
lu/ºtf/Ldf k/] . o;n] ;+3if{df £o" yKg] sfd u¥of] .
) d08n]
;+u7gsf] k"0f{tM vf/]hL, :jljo' vf]Ng] clwsf/sf] axfnL, lu/ºtf/
ljBfyL{x¿sf] l/xfO{;lxt @^ ;"qLo dfu /fVb} r}q @% ut]af6 b]zJofkL
SofDk;–ljBfno cfd x8\tfn ;'? ul/of] . ;+3if{nfO{ 7Ls–7Ls 9+uaf6 cufl8
a9fpg s]Gb|df ( ;b:oLo ;+o'Qm ;+3if{ ;ldlt ;d]t u7g ul/of] .
) ;+3if{sf]
qmddf @)#^ ;fn j}zfv ( ut] sf7df8f}+sf] c:sn -cd[t ;fOG; SofDk;_ df cfof]lht
lj/f]w;efdf k|x/L x:tIf]k eof] . 5fqfjf;df n'6kf6 ul/of] . 5fqfjf;sf]
5taf6 ljBfyL{x¿ kmfNg] Pj+ uf]nL xfGg] sfd tLj| agfOof] . o;df # hgf
ljBfyL{x¿sf] zxfbt eof] . To;}n] j}zfv ( ut]nfO{ …c:sn 8]Ú eg]/
lrlgG5 . o; 36gfn] k+rfotL ;Qf pu| ePsf] k|dfl0ft eof] eg] rfn' ;+3if{nfO{
emg\ phf{ yKof] .
) ljBfyL{
;+3if{sf] Hjf/af6 k+rfotL ;Qf g/fd|f];“u cflQof] . b]vfj6L g} eP klg
5fgljgsf] nflu zfxL cfof]u u7g u/]/ e|dsf] v]tL ub{] ljBfyL{ ;+3if{ /f]Sg]
b':k|of; ug{ k'Uof] . cfGbf]ngsf/L ljBfyL{ g]tfx¿ z/0fljqmd dNn, s}nfz
sfsL{ / anaxfb'/ s]=;L=n] zfxL cfof]u;“u ;Demf}tf ug{ k'u] / cfGbf]ng /f]Sg
cfx\jfg u/] t/ cf“wL;/L cfGbf]ng lsg /f]lsGYof] / < wf]s]jfh slyt g]tfx¿nfO{
cfGbf]ngsf/L ljBfyL{x¿n] sfnf] df];f] bn] / 7]nfuf8fdf xfn]/ zx/ 3'dfP .
o;df klg k+rfotL ;]gf / k|x/Ln] bdg u¥of] . zfxL g]kfn jfo' ;]jf lgud (RNAC) / uf]/vfkq ;+:yfgdf k|lt/f]w:j?k cfuf] nufO{
;+3if{nfO{ u'0ffTds ¿kdf dfly p7fpg] sfd eof] . cGttM :jljo" vf]Ng
kfpg] clwsf/sf] axfnL eof] . lglj{sNk elgPsf] k+rfotn] @)#^ ;fn h]7 !) ut]
hgdt ;+u|xsf] 3f]if0ff ug{ afWo eof] .
) lj=;+=
@)#^ ;fn ebf} @!–@# ut];Dd nlntk'/sf] 7}jdf ^* lhNnfsf] ;xeflutfdf
c=g]=/f=:j=lj=o'=sf] 5}7f}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng ;DkGg eof] . ;Dd]ngn] nLnfdl0f
kf]v|]n cWoIf / an/fd af:sf]6f dxf;lrj /x]sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt lgjf{lrt
u¥of] . t/ rf}yf] / kf“rf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng alxisf/ ug{] emfkfnL
ljBfyL{x¿n] k'gM kf“rf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng ug{'kg{] dfu /fVb} ljjfb lems] .
pgLx¿sf egfO lgDgfg';f/ lyP–
w xfdLn] kf“rf}+ /fli6«o
;Dd]ngdf efu lnPsf 5}gf}+ .
w kf“rf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng
ljb]zdf ePsf] lyof] .
w ;Dd]ng u'6 ;+sL0f{tfdf
cfwfl/t lyof] .
w k'gM kf“rf}+ /fli6«o
;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf u/L ljz]if ;Dd]ng elgg' k5{ .
) o;df
c=g]=/f=:j=lj=o'=sf] egfO lgDgfg';f/ lyof]–
w ;+u7g lj;h{gsf] l:yltdf
k'u]sf] a]nf ;DkGg kf“rf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf] dxŒj 36fpg' x'“b}g .
w kf“rf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn]
;+u7gnfO{ arfp“b} cufl8 a9fof] / Oltxf; agfof] .
w o; ;Dd]ngn] k+rfotlj/f]wL
@)#%–#^ ;fnsf] /fhgLlts ;+3if{df cToGt dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{
;kmn /x\of] .
w b]zleq ;+u7gfTds sfo{ / ultljlw
k"/} k|ltalGwt cj:yfdf lyof] / o; l:yltdf k|jf;df ;Dd]ng ug{' Gofof]lrt
dfq xf]Og, h?/L ;d]t lyof] .
) t/
klg emfkfnL ;d"xn] 5'§} kf“rf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng u/] / 6+s sfsL{nfO{ g]tf
5fg] . o; 36gfnfO{ ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngleqsf] bf];|f] km"6 / clvnleqsf]
klxnf] km"6sf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . To;kl5 kf“rf}+ ;Dd]ng ug{]x¿n]
c=g]=/f=:j=lj=o'=sf] k5fl8 kf“rf}+ / 5}7f}+ ;Dd]ng ug{] clvnnfO{ 5}7f}+ eg]/
lrlgg yflnof] . Tolta]nf kf“rf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng u/]/ cfPsf emfkfnL cyf{t\
Pdfn] ;dly{tx¿df olta]nf k|ultzLntfsf] s'g} uGw af“sL gePsf] k"/}
k|ltlqmofjfbL u'6df ktg x'g k'u]sf] ;a}nfO{ k|:6 5 .
) hgdt;+u|xdf
k+rfotn] lht]sf] gSsnL 3f]if0ffkl5 @)#* ;fndf /fli6«o k~rfotsf] r'gfjsf]
3f]if0ff eof] . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] k+rfotL r'gfj alxisf/ gLlt lnP;“u}
clvn klg alxisf/ cfGbf]ngdf ;lqmotfk"j{s nfUof] t/ kf“rf}+jfnf df}g
a;] . /f]Nkfsf] yjfªnufot b]zsf sltko 7fp“df k+rfotL r'gfj alxisf/ !))
k|ltzt ;kmn eof] .
) k+rfotn]
r'gfj lht]sf] dftkl5 k++rx¿ -d08n]_ n] k+rfotsf] cf8df hgtfdfly Jofks bdg,
u'08fubL{, n'6kf6, anfTsf/ ub{} b]z}el/ h3Go 36gfx¿ 36fP . o;}aLrdf
/f]Nkfsf] yjfªdf ;}Go ck/]zg ul/of] eg] kf]v/fsf] gdLtf–;'gLtfsf08 -anfTsf/kl5
xTof_, l;Gw'nLdf Clif b]jsf]6fsf] xTof, c3f{vf“rLdf 6+sk|;fb e';fnsf]
lu/ºtf/Lkl5 xTof ul/of] .
) lj=;+=
@)#* d+l;/ ( ut] lj/f6gu/df ljho uR5]bf/x¿n] clvnsf ljBfyL{ kml0fGb|
ltldlN;gfsf] xTof u/] eg] @)#* r}q ! ut] lrtjgsf] jL/]Gb| ax'd'vL SofDk;df
clvnsf ljBfyL{ lzjk|;fb kf}8]nsf] xTof u/] .
) lj=;+=
@)#* ;fn r}q !(–@! ut];Dd eQmk'/sf] ;"o{ljgfosdf clvnsf] ;ftf}+ /fli6«o
;Dd]ng ;DkGg eof] . ;Dd]ngn] k'gM nLnfdl0f kf]v|]nnfO{ cWoIfdf / sdn
rf}nfufO{+nfO{ dxf;lrjsf] lhDd]jf/L lb+b} s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt lgjf{lrt u¥of] .
) ;ftf}+
/fli6«o ;Dd]ngkl5 @)$) ;fndf clvnleq km]l/ ljjfb ;'? eof] / ;+u7gdf km"6
cfof] . of] km"6 ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngleqsf] t];|f] km"6 / clvnleqsf]
bf];|f] km"6 lyof] . ljjfbsf ljifox¿ lgDgfg';f/ lyP–
w k+rfotL r'gfjnfO{ x]g{]
b[li6sf]0fdf leGgtf b]lvg' .
w @))& ;fnsf] /fhgLlts
cfGbf]ngnfO{ a'‰g] ;jfndf leGgtf x'g' .
w ;+u7gnfO{ qmflGtsf/L lbzf
lbg]eGbf ;'wf/jfbL af6f]lt/ n}hfg] sfo{ x'g' .
) of]
km"6kl5 Pp6f clvnn] lj=;+= @)$) ;fn r}q !(–@# ut];Dd ef/tsf] uf]/vk'/df
cf7f}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng ;DkGg u¥of] / ;Dd]ngn] b]j u'?ªnfO{ cWoIfdf / /dg
>]i7nfO{ dxf;lrj 5fGb} s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt rog u¥of] . o; clvnn] gfdsf] k5fl8
cf7f}+ s]=;=-c=g]=/f=:j=lj=o'=cf7f}+ s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt_ sf] ¿kdf cfkm"nfO{
lrgfpg yfNof] eg] csf{] clvnn] klg @)$) ;fnd} cf7f}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng u/L
lul//fhdl0f kf]v|]nnfO{ cWoIf agfof] / cfkm"nfO{
s]=;=-c=g]=/f=:j=lj=o'=s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt_ eg]/ lrgfpg yfNof] .
) b]zJofkL
?kdf d08n]–g]=lj=;+3sf] u7aGwg ul/+b} clvndfly cfqmd0f x'“b} lyof] . oxL
qmddf @)$@ ;fn j}zfv !* ut] lbp“;f] ls;fg ;efdf efu lng hf“b} ubf{ lrtjgsf]
k;f{wfkdf ldqdl0f cfrfo{nufot cGo ;fyLx¿dfly cfqmd0f eof] . ldqdl0fsf]
3f“6L ef“rL kmflnof] . pkrf/sf] qmddf To;}lbg ;f“em pxf“n] e/tk'/ c:ktfndf
zxfbt k|fKt ug{'eof] . pxf“ c=g]=/f=:j=lj=o'=cf7f}+ s]=;=sf ;b:o Pj+
s]Gb|Lo s[lif SofDk; /fdk'/sf :jljo' ;efklt ;d]t x'g'x'GYof] .
) c=g]=/f=:j=lj=o'=cf7f}+
s]=;=leq gjf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng x'g' cl3 g} cyf{t\ @)$@ d} k'gM
km"6eof] . of] km"6 clvnleqsf] t];|f] km"6 lyof] .
km"6sf d'Vo sf/0fx¿df–
w ;+u7gleqsf s]xL ;b:ox¿df 5ßcj;/jfbL rl/q b]vfkg{' .
w ;+u7gleqsf s]xL ;b:ox¿df r/d JolQmjfbL c/fhstf b]vfkg{' .
w o'jf k+lQm / g]t[TjnfO{ b]Vg g;Sg] Pd=jL=k|j[lQ x'g' cflb
lyP .
) lj=;+= @)$# ;fn h]7df
ef/tsf] uf]/vk'/df c=g]=/f=:j=lj=o'= cf7f}+ s]=;=n] gjf}+ ;Dd]ng u/L cWoIfdf
/dg >]i7 / dxf;lrjdf ob' uf}td /x]sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt agfof] / o; ;+u7gnfO{
c=g]=/f=:j=lj=o'=gjf}+ s]=;=sf] ?kdf lrlgg yflnof] eg] cNkdtjfnfx¿n] @)$# ;fnd}
gjf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng u/L jLgaxfb'/ s'“j/nfO{ cWoIf agfof] . o;n] cfºgf]
gfdsf] k5fl8 …5}7f}++Ú hf]8\g yfNof] .
) lj=;+= @)$$ ;fn j}zfvdf
ePsf] ljiffQm b"wlj/f]wL cfGbf]ng, o;} ;fnsf] /+uzfnf sf08lj?4 clvnn]
;+3if{ rnfp“b} cl3 a9\of] .
) lj=;+= @)$$ kmfu'gdf
c=g]=/f=:j=lj=o'=gjf}+ s]=;=n] bzf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng u/L efg' zdf{ cWoIf /
tf]ofgfy yklnof dxf;lrj /x]sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt lgjf{lrt u¥of] / o; ;+u7gnfO{
c=g]=/f=:j=lj=o'=bzf}+ eg]/ lrlgg yflnof] .
) cf7f}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng
u/]sf] clvn s]=;=n] @)$# ;fn h]7df gjf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng u/L cWoIfdf k'gM
lul//fhdl0f kf]v|]nnfO{ 5fGof] / bzf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng u/L k|e'gf/fo0f a:g]tnfO{
cWoIf agfof] eg] 5}7f}+n] @)$% ;fndf bzf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng u/L 6f]kaxfb'/
/fodfemLnfO{ cWoIf agfof] .
) lj=;+= @)$% r}q !) ut]af6
ef/tn] g]kfndf ;Dk"0f{ Jofkfl/s gfsfx¿ / kf/jxg ;'ljwf;d]t aGbsf] 3f]if0ff
u¥of] . b]zdf k]6«f]lnod kbfy{, vfB kbfy{, cf}ifwL cflbsf] Jofks cefj
ePkl5 ef/tLo lj:tf/jfblj?4 Pj+ k+rfotL ;Qfsf] klg lj?4 clvnn] cfGbf]ngnfO{
tLj|tf lbg] of]hgf agfof] . ljBfyL{x¿n] @)$% r}q !* ut] Jofkf/ / kf/jxg
5'§f5'§} x'g'kg{] / gfsfaGbL t'?Gt} x6fpg] dfu ub{} ef/tLo b"tfjf;dfkm{t\
ef/tLo k|wfgdGqLnfO{ lj/f]wkq a'emfP . gfsfaGbL / k+rfotL ;Qfsf]
c;Ifdtfsf] lj?4 @)$% r}q @! ut] ljBfyL{x¿sf] ljzfn lj/f]w k|bz{gkl5 lqrGb|
SofDk;df cfd;efsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . Toxf“ Jofks k|x/L x:tIf]k;“u} c>'Uof;
5l/of] / nf7Lrfh{ eof] . nueu %)) ljBfyL{ g]tf–sfo{stf{x¿ lu/ºtf/
eP . Jofks eL8Gt ePkl5 k+rfotn] /fhwfgLdf ;ef–h'n'zdfly k|ltaGwsf]
3f]if0ff u¥of] / ;“u} @ dlxgfsf] nflu SofDk;x¿ aGbsf] 3f]if0ff klg u¥of] .
) lj=;+= @)$^ ;fn df3af6 k+rfotL Joj:yflj?4 hgcfGbf]ng ;'? eof] . Jofks hg;xeflutf / hgbafjaf6 k+rfotL Joj:yf xNng ;'? u¥of] . o;df ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{x¿sf] 7"nf] ;xeflutf /x\of] . cfGbf]ngs} qmddf cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6x¿sf] ;femf df]rf{ ;+o'Qm /fli6«o hgcfGbf]ngn] @)$^ r}q @$ ut] g]kfn aGbsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] . hg;d/ /Tgkfs{ x'“b} /fhb/af/lt/ cl3 a9\of] . b/af/ dfu{df /x]sf] k+rfotL Joj:yfsf gfOs] dx]Gb|sf] 6fpsf] cfGbf]ngsf/L o'jfx¿n] kmf]g{ yfn] . b/af/af6 zfxL ;]gfn] cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿dfly uf]nL aiff{pg yfNof] t/ klg 6fpsf] kmf]g{] cleofg /f]lsPg . nuftf/sf] uf]nL k|xf/af6 s}of}+sf] xTof eof] . k+rfot lgs} cflQPsf] a]nfdf sf+u|]; / jfddf]rf{sf g]tfx¿n] /ftsf]