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?kn] w/fzfoL agfpg ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL zlQmx¿, ;+;bLo k|hftGqjfbLx¿ /
dfcf]jfbL qmflGtsf/Lx¿ Psh'6 eO{ ;+ljwfg;efdfkm{t nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgf ug]{
Go"gtd ;femf Ph]08fdf ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngsf] cf“wLj]x/L ;[li6 ug'{kg]{ s'/f
cfhsf] ;jf]{Rr cfjZostf ePsf] 5 .
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P]ltxfl;s >lds ju{nfO{ j0ff{>d
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u/L k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sg] ;Rrf dfn]dfjfbL / k|r08kyLo qmflGtsf/L agfpg] lbzflt/
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j}rfl/s :t/ p7fpg' / dfgl;s?kn] :ki6 agfp“b} qmflGtsf/L tTk/tf hufpg' g} d'Vo
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lg:t]h kfg]{ if8\oGq cGtlg{lxt /x]sf] 5 . o;af6 blnt ;d'bfosf] s'g} klg
xfntdf d'lQm ;Dej 5}g . o;sf] 7Ls ljk/Lt ljz]if clwsf/sf] gLltn] /fHo;Qfdf
;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj u/fO{ ;fdflhs hLjgsf ;a} If]qdf blnt ;d'bfosf] ljz]if
clwsf/ :yflkt u/L pgLx¿nfO{ Jofjxfl/s cy{df g} d'Qm ug]{ tyf ;fk]lIft ;dfgtf
sfod ug]{ :ki6 p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . æcf/If0fÆsf] s'/fnfO{ hf]8tf]8n] p7fpg'
c+znfO{ ks8]/ ;du|nfO{ 5f]l8lbg] clwe"tjfbL lrGtg xf] . /fhgLlteGbf
dfly p7]/ slyt ;fdflhs ;'wf/sf] s'/f ug]{ ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf] kIfkf]if0f
ug]{ Pg=hL=cf]=jfbLx¿ / ;+;bLo r'gfjsf nflu ef]6a}+s agfO/fVg] ;+;b\jfbL
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cfGbf]ngdf b]vfkg]{ pbf/jfbL, oyfl:yltjfbL, dgf]utjfbL / blIf0fkGyL
cfTd;dk{0fjfbLx¿n] lbg] cj;/jfbL gf/f xf] . t;y{, blnt ;d'bfonfO{ of]
e|daf6 d'Qm ug{ Jofks e08fkmf]/ / j}rfl/s ;+3if{df ljz]if hf]8 lbg'kb{5 .
To;}n] g]kfnL blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] lbzf
lgb]{zg ;xL ljrf/wf/fTds / /fhg}lts sfo{lbzfn] dfq ug{;Sb5 . o;} s'/fnfO{
cfTd;ft\ u/L ut bf];|f] /fli6«o e]nfdf df]rf{n] dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kynfO{
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ljsf;df hf]8 lb+b} blIf0f Pl;ofs} blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ lbzflgb]{zg ug]{
:t/df ljsf; ug]{ s'/fdf g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{ lg/Gt/ k|oTgzLn /xg] 5 .
nfU5, o; s'/fn] blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ngl;t Psfsf/ ug]{
s'/fsf] ;'lglZrt ub{5 .
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k"/f u/L bzf}+ jif{df k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . o; bf}/fgdf blnt d'lQm
cfGbf]ngn] Oltxf;d} klxnf]k6s j}rfl/s 5nfË df/]sf] 5 .
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hg;/sf/df ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj :yflkt ug{ ;kmn x'“b} uPsf] 5 .
cfwf/Onfsfx¿df ()Ü 5'jf5"tsf] cdfgjLo Jojxf/ cGTo ePsf] 5 . ;of}+
cGt/hftLo ljjfxaf6 ;fdflhs–;f+:s[lts cGt/3'ngsf] k|lqmof cufl8 al9/x]sf]
5 . hgd'lQm ;]gfdf blnt o'jfo'jtLx¿ sl;df/ / sdf08/ tx;Dd cfºgf] k|ltef
k|bz{g ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . /fhg}lts / ;f+u7lgs If]qdf s]Gb|Lo:t/sf] g]t[Tj
tx;Dddf ljsf; ub}{ hfg] k|;:t cj;/x¿ k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ eg] Oltxf;df
ce"tk"j{ ?kn] blnt ;d'bfoaf6 o'jfo'jltx¿ !@ xhf/eGbf a9L
k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{ eP/ gof“ /]s8{ sfod ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . of]
pknlAwsf] kf6f]af6 cg'ejx¿nfO{ ;+Zn]if0f ub}{ o;nfO{ ;}4fGtLs/0f ug]{ / k'gM
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5f}+ . oL pknlAwx¿ ;of}+ blnt a:tLx¿df cfuhgL, xhf/f}+ zxLbx¿sf] Tofu /
jlnbfg, ;of}+sf] h]ng]n / j]kQf, xhf/f}+ k"0f{sfnLg g]tfx¿sf] lg/Gt/
si6k"0f{ v6fO / ;xL ljrf/wf/fTds / /fhg}lts sfo{lbzfsf] kl/0ffd
x'g\ . oL pknlAwsf] /Iff, k|of]u / yk ljsf;sf nflu ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts
qmflGtn] k|ltkfbg u/]sf] lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] l;4fGtnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{
k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sg] ljZjqmflGtsf] ;]jf ug]{ p2]Zo;lxt cufl8 a9\g] cf“6 /
;fx;n] dfq k"0f{ d'lQm k|fKt x'g] s'/fdf ljZj:t x'g'kb{5 . q
;f+:s[lts
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s= k|r08, cWoIf, g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
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d"Nof+sg s;/L ug'{ ePsf] 5 <
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ag]sf] 5 . O/fs o'4;Dd cfp“bf ;fd|fHojfbsf] kmfl;jfbL gUgtfsf lj?4 ljZjhgdt
clåtLo:t/df på]lnt aGg k'u]sf] 5 . cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] g]t[Tjdf 5]l8Psf]
slyt cft+sjfblj/f]wL o'4 cfºgf] ;f/tŒjdf hgtfsf] /fli6«o d'lQm, hgjfbL /
;dfhjfbL cfGbf]ngsf lj?4 / cf}klgj]zLs/0fsf lgldQ rflnPsf] gof“ kmfl;jfbL
æcleofgÆ ePsf] tYo :ki6 x'g uPsf] 5 . of] tYon] @!cf}+ ztfAbLdf
ljZjqmflGtsf] gof“ nx/sf nflu j:t'ut kl/l:yltnfO{ kl/kSj agfp“b} nu]sf]
s'/fnfO{ :ki6 ub{5 . cfhsf] cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltsf] oxL g} k|d'v ljz]iftf
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a9fpg' xf] . cGt/f{li6«o:t/df df=n]=df=nfO{ jt{dfg ljZjsf r'gf}tLx¿sf]
;fdgf ug{ ;Ifd j}rfl/s xltof/sf ?kdf ljsf; ub}{ ljZjqmflGtsf] gof“ nx/ ;[li6
ug{ qmflGtsf/L cGt/f{i6«jfbL cfGbf]ng (RIM) nufot ;j{xf/fju{sf ;Rrf
k|ltlglwx¿n] hf]8 nufO/x]sf 5g\ . clxn] blIf0f Pl;ofdf d'VotM g]kfn,
ef/th:tf b]zdf tLj| ultdf a9\b} uPsf] dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngn] gof“ ljZjqmflGtsf]
ljsf;df dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] P]ltxfl;s ;Defjgf k|an alg/x]sf] 5 .
g]kfnsf]
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jif{b]lv g]kfnL hgtfsf ljleGg tx / tKsfåf/f cufl8 a9fOPsf] dxfg\ hgo'4n]
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf h/fx¿ pv]ln;s]sf] 5 . cfh lhNnf ;b/d'sfd / /fhwfgLdf b]lvg]
p;sf] cl:tTj j:t'tM / cGttM cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb, ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbnufotsf j}b]lzs
k|ltlqmofjfbsf] cl:tTj xf] . o; cy{df g]kfnL qmflGtn] /fli6«o o'4sf] rl/q
af]ls/x]sf] 5 . dxfg\ hgo'4sf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] g]kfnL ;j{xf/fju{sf] uf}/jzfnL
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k|Tofqmd0fsf] lg0f{o :jefjtM ToxL ;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfbåf/f cl:tTj wflgPsf]
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kl/l:ylt eg]sf] /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] kl/l:ylt a'‰g' kb{5 .
) ljrf/ ;+Zn]if0faf/] clxn] w]/}
rrf{– kl/rrf{ eO/x]sf] 5, o;sf] dxŒjaf/] :ki6 kfl/lbg' x'G5 ls <
– ljrf/sf] j}1flgstf / prfOlagf ;fdflhs
qmflGtdf ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ c;Dej x'g] ePsf]n] g} xfd|f] kf6L{n] ljrf/wf/fTds /
/fhg}lts sfo{lbzfsf] k|Zgdf ;jf{lws hf]8 lb+b} cfPsf] 5 . dfgjhfltn]
xhf/f}+ jif{sf] cfkm\gf] ljsf;ofqfdf cfh{g u/]sf] 1fgsf] j:t'ut / j}1flgs
;+Zn]if0f ug]{ qmddf g} dfS;{jfbsf ?kdf åGåfTds tyf P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL
ljrf/sf] ljsf; eof] . of] j}1flgs ljrf/n] Oltxf;sf] lgdf{0fdf hg;d'bfosf]
jf:tljs e"ldsfnfO{ phfu/ u/L /fhf, dxf/fhf, zf]ifs, n'6]/fx¿sf] :t'ltufg
ug]{ æaf}l4sÆ k08fx¿sf] kfv08nfO{ pbf¨f] kf¥of] . hg;d'bfosf] ljb|f]xsf]
clwsf/nfO{ :yflkt ug]{ of] j}1flgs ljrf/sf] k|of]usf qmddf aL;f}+ ztfAbLdf l;+uf]
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dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb aGg k'Uof] . …ljrf/wf/fTds / /fhg}lts sfo{lbzf
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cfTd;ft\ ub}{ xfdLn] ljrf/ ;+Zn]if0fsf] k|ZgnfO{ lg/Gt/ cfkm\gf] k|fylds
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sfo{lbzfsf] ljsf; s;/L x'G5 t < xfd|f] kf6L{sf] :ki6 dfGotf /x“b} cfPsf] 5
ls ;xL ljrf/ s'g} w'/Gw/ kl08tx¿sf] af}l4s s;/taf6 xf]Og, hg;d'bfosf]
ju{;+3if{, pTkfbgsf lgldQ ;+3if{ / j}1flgs k|of]usf aLraf6 x'g] ub{5 . ;xL
ljrf/ xd];f unt ljrf/x¿sf lj?4sf] ;+3if{sf qmddf g} ljsl;t eP/ cfpg]
ub{5 . dxfg\ hgo'4sf] P]ltxfl;s kxn ug]{ xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ;xL ljrf/ cflv/
g]kfnL ;j{xf/f cfGbf]ngdf h/f uf8]/ a;]sf] blIf0fk+yL ;+zf]wgjfbsf lj?4 eLif0f
;+3if{sf aLraf6 ljsl;t ePsf] xf] . kf6L{sf] bf];|f] P]ltxfl;s /fli6«o
;Dd]ngdf ul/Psf] ljrf/ ;+Zn]if0f dxfg\ hgo'4df hg;d'bfon] k|bz{g u/]sf]
ce"tk"j{ Tofu, tk:of, jL/tf / alnbfgsf] hudf v8f x'g uPsf] xf] .
cfh
g]kfnL hgo'4 j}b]lzs ;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfb;“u 6qmfO/x]sf] 5 .
;fd|fHojfb;“u k|ToIf 6Ss/ lng' kg]{ hg;d'bfosf] HjnGt j:t'ut cfjZostfn] cfh
xfd|f cufl8 aL;f}+ ztfAbLsf qmflGt / k|ltqmflGtsf k|r'/ cg'ejsf cfwf/df /
@!cf}+ ztfAbLsf ljz]iftfnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ ljrf/sf] xltof/nfO{ cem wfl/nf] kfg'{
clgjfo{ aGg uPsf] 5 . lj1fg ePs} sf/0f df=n]=df=n] xd];f ljrf/sf] /Iff,
k|of]u / ljsf;sf] dfu ub{5 . dxfg\ hgo'4sf aLraf6 xfd|f] kf6L{n] Oltxf; /
lj1fgsf] ToxL dfu k"/f ug]{ clgjfo{ cfjZostfk|lt ;r]t / lhDd]jf/ eP/ g}
gof“ ljrf/ ;+Zn]if0fsf] k|oTg ul//x]sf] 5 . pk/f]Qm ;Gbe{df ljrf/
;+Zn]if0fsf] P]ltxfl;s dxŒj /xg] s'/f :jtM :ki6 5 .
) /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgf /
o;sf] cfwf/af/] ;+lIfKtdf s]xL elglbg' x'G5 ls<
–
bL3{sfnLg hgo'4sf] ljsf;df
/0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0f clGtd / lg0ff{os r/0f x'g] ePsf]n] :jfefljs?kdf of]
cToGt uDeL/ / dxŒjk"0f{ r/0f x'g hfG5 . t/, xfd|f] kf6L{n] /0fg}lts
k|Tofqmd0fsf] klxnf] of]hgfsf] ljsf;sf ;Gbe{df of] s'/fnfO{ :ki6 u/]sf] 5 ls
@!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] cfhsf] ljZjl:ylt / g]kfnL hgo'4sf] ljsf;k|lqmofnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{
/0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fnfO{ ljz'4 zf:qLo cy{df dfq u|x0f ug{ x'“b}g . kf6L{n]
cfkm\gf] ljrf/ ;+Zn]if0fdf cleJoQm kmf}hL sfo{lbzf Pj+ cfhsf] If]qLo /
cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltsf cfwf/df /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] cy{ / kl/efiffnfO{
l;h{gfTds?kn] JofVof u/]sf] 5 . k|To]s qmflGtsf/Ln] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf]
b:tfj]hdf :ki6 ul/Psf] Tof] cy{ / kl/efiffnfO{ /fd|f];“u cfTd;ft\ ug{ h?/L
5 .
ljut gf} jif{sf] hgo'4åf/f ljsl;t kf6L{sf]
ljrf/, /fhgLlts kl/l:ylt / hg;d'bfosf] kmf}hL Ifdtf / ;Qfdflysf] bvnsf] cfotg
g} /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] klxnf] of]hgf lgdf{0fsf j:t'ut cfwf/ x'g\ . cfh
of] tYo lglj{jfb?kn] :ki6 ePsf] 5 ls lhNnf ;b/d'sfd / /fhwfgLdf ;Lldt eO/x]sf]
k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfsf] cl:tTj j}b]lzs ;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfbåf/f kflnt–kf]lift
ljz'4 kmf}hL clwgfosjfb dfq xf] . of] l:yltdf g]kfnL hgtfsf] :jtGqtf /
eljio /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbL k'/fgf] ;Qfsf lj?4 lg0ff{os ljho;“u cleGg?kn]
uf“l;Psf] s'/f :ki6 x'G5 . ctM xfd|f] kf6L{n] k'/fgf] ;Qfdfly rf}tkmL{
xdnfsf] gof“ of]hgf hgtfsf] P]ltxfl;s cfjZostfsf] dd{nfO{ ulx/f];“u cfTd;ft\ u/]/
g} ;fx;k"j{s ljsf; u/]sf] 5 .
) clxn] j}rfl/s / ;f+u7lgs
z'4Ls/0fsf] of]hgf cufl8 cfPsf] 5, clxn] g} o;sf] cfjZostf lsg k¥of] <
–
;j{xf/fjfbL qmflGtsf/L ljrf/,
;f+:s[lts cfbz{ / ;+u7gfTds sfo{z}nLåf/f n}; gePsf] kf6L{n] qmflGtnfO{ ljho;Dd
8f]¥ofpg ;Dej x'“b}g . gf} jif{sf] hgo'4n] ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf] If]qdf
ax'cfoflds sLlt{dfg\x¿ sfod u/]sf] 5 . t/, ljsf;sf] åGåfTds lgodcg';f/
o;aLrdf sltko cfTds]lGb|t JolQmjfbL / c/fhstfjfbL lrGtg–k|j[lQx¿ / gf]s/zfxL
sfo{z}nL klg b]vfk/]sf 5g\ . o;sf ;fy} kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngdf dxfg\ hgo'4sf]
kxnkZrft\ xhf/f}+sf] ;+Vofdf gof“ ;xefuL ag]sf sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ j}rfl/s /
/fhg}lts¿kn] k|lzlIft ug]{ r'gf}lt klg kf6L{sf cufl8 ljBdfg /x]sf] 5 .
pk/f]Qm k|sf/sf ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds r'gf}tLx¿sf] ;fdgf ub}{ /0fg}lts
k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgfnfO{ ;kmn kfg]{ cfjZostfdfly Wofg s]lGb|t u/]/ g} kf6L{n]
z'4Ls/0fsf] of]hgf k|:t't u/]sf] xf] . /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgf /
z'4Ls/0fsf] of]hgfsf aLrdf Ps–csf{nfO{ k|efj kfg]{ åGåfTds ;DaGw /x]sf]
s'/fnfO{ bx|f];“u cfTd;ft\ ug{ h?/L 5 .
) j}lbs cfo{ ;+:s[ltafx]s cGoq sxL+
st} cl:tTjdf g/x]sf] blnt hftLo pTkL8gnfO{ åGåfTds / P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL
9ª\un] s;/L ljZn]if0f ug'{ x'G5 <
–
k|s[ltdfly dfgjhfltsf] ljho
cleofgsf] Ps lglZrt sfnv08df k|s[lts} lgodx¿sf] c1fgtfsf] hudf wfld{s
cWofTdjfbsf] hGd eof] . >d ljefhgsf] Ps lglZrt:t/sf] ljsf;sf]
cfjZostfåf/f k}bf ePsf] /fHo -h'g csf{sf] >dsf] zf]if0f u/]/ dflns aGg]
tŒjx¿sf] /fHosf ?kdf ljsl;t x'“b} cfof]_ n] wd{nfO{ cfkm\gf] zf]if0fJoj:yf sfod
ug]{ cdf]3 c:qsf ?kdf k|of]u ub}{ hf“bf Tof] ;fdflhs:t/df ;+:yfut aGg k'Uof] .
ljleGg P]ltxfl;s sfnv08df ljZjsf ljleGg e"–efudf cg]s ?k/¨sf wfld{s
k+yx¿sf] ljsf; klg x'“b} uof] . o;} P]ltxfl;s kl/k]|Ifdf l;Gw' 3f“6Lb]lv
u+ufsf] d}bfg;Ddsf] ef/tLo pkdxfåLkdf ljleGg wfld{s k+yx¿sf] cGt/;+3if{ /
cGt/3'ngsf] nfdf] k|lqmofsf aLraf6 slyt j}lbs cfo{x¿n] sfnfGt/df lxGb" wd{
/ rft'j{0o{ lxGb" a0ff{>d Joj:yf h:tf] cToGt hl6n tfgfafgfsf] ljsf;
u/] . k|f/Dedf >d ljefhg Pj+ o'4df ho–k/fhosf cfwf/df ju{ljeflht
cj:yfnfO{ ;fdGtjfbsf] pTsif{;“u} To;sf k[i7kf]ifs j}lbs Clifd'lgx¿n]
dflg;–dflg;sf aLrdf hftkft / 5'jf5"th:tf cToGt lgs[i6 kl/efiff, gLlt, lgod
/ ;+:sf/sf] dxfhfn tof/ kf/] . ;fdGtL ;QfnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ / ju{ljefhgnfO{
:YffloTj k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zodf cfwfl/t /x]/ g} ;dfhnfO{ 6'qmf–6'qmf kfg]{
j0ff{>d Joj:yfsf] ljsf; ul/Psf] tYo cfh j}1flgs?kn] l;4 eO;s]sf] 5 .
j}lbs cfo{ ;+:s[ltnfO{ 3f]/ cdfgjLo :j?k k|bfg ug]{ sfddf ædg':d[ltÆ n] ;jf{lws
lgs[i6 e"ldsf v]n]sf] s'/f klg oxf“ :d/0fLo 5 .
g:n,
efiff, ;+:s[lt, /Lltl/jfhsf s'g} klg cfwf/df blnt hg;d'bfo v;–cfo{ hfltaf6 k[ys
5}g . ctM blnt cfkm\gf] ;f/tŒjdf s'g} a]Un} hflt x'“b} xf]Og . clxn]
k|rlnt blnt hflt kbfjnLsf] k|of]u lxGb" ;fdGtL a|fDx0fjfbåf/f
ju{ljefhgnfO{ s[lqd?kdf hft–ljefhgdf
;+:yfut u/]/ v8f x'g k'u]sf] afWofTds cj:yfsf] kl/0ffd dfq xf] . åGåfTds
tyf P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbsf cfwf/df xfdL b[9tfsf ;fy eGg ;Sb5f}+ ls ef/tLo
pkdxflåkdf ljlzi6?kdf /x]sf] blnt hg;d'bfosf] ;d:of lxGb" ;fdGtL
a|fDx0fjfbL /fHo;Qfsf lj?4 tLvf] / k]lrnf] ju{;+3if{sf] ;d:of xf] .
cfkm\gf] >d / ;Lkåf/f l;+uf] ;dfhnfO{ hLjg k|bfg ug]{ hg;d'bfodfly kfzljs cTofrf/
ug]{ ;fdGtL ;f+:s[lts dxfhfnx¿nfO{ Roftr't kf/]/ dfq ;dfhn] jf:tljs d'lQmsf]
pHofnf] k|fKt ug]{ 5 .
dxfg\
hgo'4sf] P]ltxfl;s kxnk"j{ b]lv g} xfd|f] kf6L{n] g]kfn / ef/tdf r/d?kdf
ljBdfg blnt d'lQmsf] ljlzi6 ;d:ofnfO{ u+eL/tfk"j{s ln+b} cfPsf] 5 .
P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL cWoog;lxt xfdL of] lgisif{df k'u]sf xf}+ ls ;fdGtL
;Qfleqsf] of] gsf/fTds l:yltnfO{ cfw'lgs ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf lgldQ Pp6f ;sf/fTds
l:yltdf abNg ;lsG5 / xfdLn] To;} ug'{ kb{5 . of] lgisif{sf k5fl8sf] xfd|f]
cfwf/ blnt hg;d'bfodf cGtlg{lxt cfw'lgs ;j{xf/fju{;“u d]n vfg] ljlzi6 / k|r'/
u'0fx¿ g} x'g\ . ;of}+ jif{b]lvsf] cdfgjLo cTofrf/åf/f blnt hg;d'bfosf]
cfqmf]z / uh{gsf cufl8 ;fdGtL ;Qf v/fgL aGg] s'/fdf s'g} z+sf 5}g .
) hgo'4 / blntd'lQm cfGbf]ngaLr
s:tf] cGt/;DaGw /x]sf] 5 < o;;DaGwdf k|r08kysf] s] e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 <
– hgo'4sf] P]ltxfl;s kxndfkm{t kf6L{n] ;Daf]wg ug{
hf]8 u/]sf] cfwf/e"t ju{ / ;d'bfodWo] blnt hg;d'bfo Ps dxŒjk"0f{
;d'bfo xf] . hgo'4sf] klxnf] jif{sf] k|efjaf/] ;dLIff ubf{ kf6L{n]
:ki6?kdf To;sf] k|efj blntnufot pTkLl8t
hflt, ju{, If]q / ln¨sf hg;d'bfodf k/]sf] ;sf/fTds / pT;fxk"0f{ ;dLIff
u/]sf] lyof] . Toxf“b]lv cfh;Dd cfp“bf blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ng / hgo'4sf aLrdf
cljefHo cGt/;DaGw ;hLj?kn] :yflkt eO;s]sf] 5 . …k|r08kyÚ sf ?kdf kf6L{sf] ljrf/ ;+Zn]if0fkZrft\ s]Gb|Lo blnt
ljefu / blnt d'lQm df]rf{sf] u7g, ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts / cfly{s hLjgsf ;a} If]qdf
blnt hg;d'bfosf lgldQ ljz]if clwsf/;DaGwL gLltsf] 3f]if0ff, cfwf/Onfsfx¿df
ljsl;t x'“b} u/]sf blnt d'Qm ufp“x¿ / s]Gb|Lo :t/df blnt d'lQmsf lgldQ eO/x]sf
;zQm sfo{qmdx¿n] ljrf/ ;+Zn]if0f / blnt cfGbf]ngdf o;sf] e"ldsfnfO{ phfu/
u/]sf 5g\ .
dxfg\ hgo'4df klxnf] zxLbsf] pRr ;Ddfgsf]
:yfgdf lbnaxfb'/ /Dt]nsf] gfdb]lv blnt d'lQm df]rf{sf dxf;lrj s=k|]d a/fOnL,
s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿ s=lrq axfb'/ lj=s=, s=z+s/ bnf{dL, s=anaxfb'/ lj=s=, s=/fds'df/
lj=s=, hgd'lQm ;]gfsf xf]gxf/ lj|u]8 eL=;L= s=of]4fsf] pRr alnbfgnufot ;of}+
blntx¿sf] zxfbtn] hgo'4 / blnt d'lQmaLrsf] 3lgi7 / /Qm/+lht ;DaGwnfO{ slxNo}
gd]l6g] u/L Oltxf;sf] ;'gf}nf cIf/df c+lst ul/;s]sf 5g\ . blnt dlxnfx¿n]
hgo'4sf] cToGt sl7g 38Ldf b'Zdgsf k|x/L;“u lgz:q ¿kdf eL8]/ /fOkmn sAhf u/L
kf6L{nfO{ a'emfPsf] sflnsf]6 lhNnfsf] dfnsf]6df k|blz{t P]ltxfl;s jL/tfb]lv
b]zJofkL?kdf blnt dlxnfx¿n] lnO/x]sf] kxnsbdL, hgd'lQm ;]gfdf a6flnog
sdf08/;Ddsf] e"ldsfdf blnt dlxnfx¿n] k|bz{g u/]sf] Ifdtf nufot csygLo
b'Mv, si6 / kL8fsf] ;fdgf ub}{ kf6L{, ;]gf / ;Qfdf blntx¿n] k'¥ofO/x]sf]
of]ubfgnfO{ ljrf/ ubf{ hgo'4 / blnt d'lQm Pp6} s'/f xf] eGg] tYonfO{ g}
k|dfl0ft ub{5g\ . xfn} blnt d'lQm df]rf{sf] s]Gb|Lo a}7sdf df]rf{sf cWoIf
s=ltns kl/of/nufotsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿n] klZrd sdf08 / dWosdf08sf] s]xL efudf dfq
bz xhf/ k"0f{sfnLg blnt sfo{stf{sf] ljsf; ePsf] l/kf]6{ k|:t't ubf{ d]/f]
5ftL uj{n] km'n]sf] lyof], o; cy{df ls k'/fgf] ;Qfåf/f ;jf{lws kLl8t ;d'bfonfO{
;a}eGbf cufl8 Nofpg] kf6L{sf] cfsf+Iff zfgbf/ ?kn] ;kmn eO/x]sf] 5 . dxfg\
hgo'4df blnt hg;d'bfo Pj+ cfd dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] tLj|tfsf] cfwf/df kf6L{n] s]jn
blnt d'lQm / dlxnf d'lQmsf] lgldQ dfq xf]Og, @!cf}+ ztfAbLdf a'h'{jf ;+zf]wgjfb
/ k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sg] tfut klg cfd >dhLjL dlxnf / blnt hg;d'bfoaf6 ljsf;
ug'{kg]{ P]ltxfl;s cfjZostfdf hf]8 lb+b} cfPsf] 5 . of] hf]8 P]ltxfl;s
ef}ltsjfbL lj1fg;“u k"/} d]nvfg] s'/fdf kf6L{ ljZj:t 5 .
) hgo'4sf] yfngLkZrft\ blnt d'lQm
cfGbf]ngsf] ;dLIff s;/L ug'{ ePsf] 5 < blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf s:tf ;d:ofx¿
/x]sf 5g\ / d'lQmsf] nflu s] ug'{ k5{ h:tf] nfU5 <
– dxfg\ hgo'4sf] kxnkl5 blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf]
ljsf;af/] ;fdfGo ;dLIff cl3Nnf] k|Zgsf] pQ/df g} uO;s]sf] 5 . ;fdflhs
e]befj / 5'jf5'th:tf] dWoo'uLg ;fdGtL ;+:sf/nfO{ ;d"n gi6 ug'{, /fhg}lts /
cfly{s hLjgdf ljz]ifflwsf/nfO{ :yflkt ug'{ tyf To;sfnflu b]zJofkL h'emf?
cfGbf]ng ;[li6 ug]{ ;d:of / r'gf}tLx¿ g} d]/f] ljrf/df blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf
cfhsf klg k|d'v ;d:ofx¿ x'g\ . ;j{xf/fju{sf] g]t[Tjdf ;+rflnt dxfg\
hgo'4;“u Psfsf/ eP/ g} tL ;d:ofx¿sf] jf:tljs ;dfwfg;lxt blnt d'lQm ;Dej x'g]
5 . uj{ / v';Lsf] s'/f xf] ls g]kfnsf] blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngn] cfh 7Ls ToxL
lbzf klS8/x]sf] 5 .
) h=j=;= / df]rf{aLr /x]sf]
leGgtfaf/] atfp“b} ljz]ifflwsf/ ;DaGwdf klg :ki6 kfl/lbg' x'G5 ls <
– hgjuL{o ;+u7g eGgfn] d'VotM cfkm\gf lglZrt k]zfut
xslxtsf lglDt ;+3if{/t ;+u7g eGg] a'lemG5 eg] d'lQm df]rf{ eGgfn] d'VotM
/fhg}lts ;+u7g cyf{t\ /fHo;Qfs} lgldQ ;+3if{/t ;+u7g eGg] a'lemG5 . k|rlnt
cy{df oxL g} h=j=;=/ d'lQm df]rf{sf aLrsf] cGt/ xf] .
ljz]ifflwsf/sf] rrf{ ubf{ klxnf] of]
a'em\g' kb{5 ls pTkLl8t hflt jf ;d'bfosf nflu lglZrt If]q / lglZrt cg'kft;Dd
cf/If0fsf] s'/f k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfwf/L Pj+ ;+zf]wgjfbL tŒjx¿n] klg ub}{ cfPsf
5g\ . To;k|sf/sf] cf/If0f k|0ffnLn] pTkLl8t ;d'bfosf lgldQ /fHo jf ;Qfwf/L
u'6x¿n] æbofÆ u/]/ lbPsf] ;'wf/jfbL dGbljifafx]s c? s]xL ;fljt gx'g] s'/f
Oltxf;l;4 ePsf] 5 . cfly{s, /fhg}lts / ;fdflhs hLjgsf ;a} If]qdf blntx¿sf
lgldQ ljz]ifflwsf/sf] gLlt / Joj:yfn] s;}sf] bofdfof jf ;'wf/jfbL e|d xf]Og,
blnt ;d'bfosf] clwsf/nfO{ :yflkt ug]{ qmflGtsf/L p2]Zo af]s]sf] x'G5 . o; cy{df xfd|f] kf6L{ / ju{;r]t blntx¿n]
ljz]ifflwsf/sf] k|ZgnfO{ j}rfl/s cy{df ;d]t dxŒj lbO/x]sf 5g\ .
) blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ng / ;f+:s[lts
cfGbf]ngaLr s] cGt/;DaGw 5 <
–
blntx¿dflysf] juL{o
zf]if0f–pTkL8gnfO{ hftkft / 5'jf5"th:tf] ;fdGtL a|fDx0fjfbL ;+:s[ltsf]
eofgs cfj/0fåf/f nk]l6Psf] x'“bf blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ngaf6
cnu x'g] s'/fsf] sNkg} ug{ ;lsGg . cfºgf] ;f/tŒjdf blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf
dxfg\ ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ng;d]t cGt3'{lnt /x]sf] juL{o cfGbf]ng xf] . o;
cy{df blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ng / ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ngsf aLrdf cljefHo ;DaGw /x]sf]
5 .
) jftf{sf] rrf{ / ;+;bLo
lgjf{rgaf/] s]xL atfOlbg' x'G5 ls <
– ;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfbsf] lgb]{zgdf
d/0ff;Gg k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfn] jftf{sf] k|ZgnfO{ ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] u+eL/ kxnsf
?kdf geP/ cfºgf] ;}Go kmfl;jfbdfly kbf{ xfNg] if8\oGqsf] xltof/sf ?kdf rrf{
ul//x]sf] 5 . b]zdf ljBdfg u[xo'4sf] ;d:ofnfO{ cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;åf/f
;Daf]wg gu/L jftf{sf] kmf];|f] xNnf ug'{ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbL
kfv08 dfq xf] . b]zsf] jt{dfg kl/l:yltdf slyt ;+;bLo lgjf{rgsf] s'/f ug'{
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] kfunkg l;jfo c? s]xL xf]Og . u[xo'4nfO{ cu|ufdL /fhg}lts
lgsf;åf/f ;dfwfg gu/L æ;+;bLoÆ lgjf{rg ug]{ eGg] kfunk"0f{ x/stnfO{ cfd
g]kfnL hgtf;“u ldn]/ xfdL ;Dk"0f{?kn] gi6 kfg]{ 5f}+ .
) blnt d'lQm df]rf{n] 3f]if0ff
u/]sf] ;+3if{sf] sfo{qmdcGtu{t kmfu'g # / $ ut]sf] g]kfn aGbaf/] oxf“sf] s]
egfO 5 <
–
cfufdL kmfu'g # / $ ut] g]kfn
aGb ug]{ sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff u/]/ blnt d'lQm df]rf{n] cToGt ;fxl;s lg0f{o u/]sf]
5 . of] ;fxl;s lg0f{osf nflu xflb{s awfO{sf ;fy d l;+uf] g]kfn sDo'lgi6
kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf tkm{af6 sfo{qmdk|lt h'emf? P]Soa4tf k|s6 ub{5' . blnt
d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;df Pp6f sf];]9'¨f (Mile Stone) sf] sfdgf ub}{ o;sf] eJo
;kmntfsf nflu rf}tkmL{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg d kf6L{k+lQm / cfd hg;d'bfo;“u xflb{s
cg'/f]w ub{5' .
) dxfg\ hgo'4sf] qmddf zxfbt k|fKt
ug'{ x'g] zxLb kl/jf/x¿, ljz]if u/L blnt zxLb kl/jf/x¿nfO{ s]xL eGg rfxg' x'G5
ls <
–
k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfåf/f
;jf{lws pTkLl8t blnt hg;d'bfon] ;dfgtf / :jtGqtfdf cfwfl/t gof“ o'usf] lgdf{0f
ug]{ dxfg\ hgo'4df k|bz{g u/]sf] P]ltxfl;s kxnsbdL, jL/tf / alnbfgsf nflu
kf6L{sf tkm{af6 d pRr ;Ddfgsf ;fy xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub{5' . ljZj;j{xf/f
qmflGtsf] cleGg c¨sf ¿kdf kxn ul/Psf] dxfg\ hgo'4df zxfbt k|fKt ug]{ blnt
hg;d'bfoaf6 ljsl;t >4]o cd/ of]4fx¿k|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{
tdfd zxLb kl/jf/x¿k|lt uj{, ;Ddfg, ;dj]bgf / clejfbg 6qmfpg rfxG5' .
hGdkl5 d[To' clgjfo{ x'G5 . h;n] b]z / b'lgof“sf] d'lQmsf nflu cfºgf]
k|f0fsf] cfx'lt lbG5, To;sf] d[To' cgGt sfn;Dd hLljtx¿sf lgldQ k|]/0ffsf]
>f]t aGg k'Ub5 . cgGt k]|/0ffsf >f]t oL dxfg\ zxLbx¿k|lt uj{sf;fy
gof“ g]kfn lgdf{0f ug]{ pxf“x¿sf] ;kgf k"/f ug{ cGt;Dd n8\g] kf6L{sf] b[9
k|lta4tf hfx]/ ub}{ ;Dk"0f{ zxLb kl/jf/x¿nfO{ klg of] dxfofqfdf nfda4
alg/xg xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5' .
) /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fdf blntx¿sf]
e"ldsf s:tf] x'g'k5{ h:tf] nfU5 <
–
/0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fdf
blntx¿sf] e"ldsf w]/}eGbf w]/} xb;Dd g]t[TjbfoL / cfqmfds /xf];\, h;af6
hGdg] gof“ ;Qfsf] k|ltkmndf cfd blntx¿sf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt aGg ;sf];\ eGg] sfdgf
ub{5' .
) blntx¿ clxn] dxfg\ hgo'4df
b]zJofkL ?kdf / ljz]ifu/L klZrdaf6 xhf/f}+sf] ;+Vofdf nfda4 eO/x]sf 5g\,
pgLx¿nufot ;Dk"0f{ blnt ;d'bfonfO{ oxf“sf] s] ;Gb]z 5 <
–
d}+n] dfly g} atfO;s]sf] 5'
ls /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] k"j{;GWofdf ;fdfGotM b]zel/ g} / d'VotM klZrd
g]kfndf xhf/f}+sf] ;+Vofdf blntx¿ nfda4 ePsf] tYon] xfd|f] 5ftL uj{n] km'n]sf]
5 . k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{sf ?kdf hgo'4df ;xefuL tdfd blnt of]4fx¿k|lt
qmflGtsf/L clejfbg k|s6 ub}{ pxf“x¿sf] lg/Gt/ /fhg}lts k|ult / sfddf ;kmntfsf]
z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5' . h:tf];'s} sl7g 38Ldf klg qmflGtsf/L ljrf/ /
qmflGtsf/L cfbz{df b[9 /xg] zlQmsf] ljsf; ug{ cfd hg;d'bfo;“u Psfsf/ x'g] tyf
lg/Gt/ d]xgt ug]{ ;j{xf/f z}nLsf] pbfx/0f k|:t't ug{ klg d cfd blnt
sfo{stf{x¿;“u ljz]if cfu|x ub{5' . ;f+:s[lts qmflGtdf cu'jfsf] e"ldsf
v]Ng] P]ltxfl;s cleef/f blntx¿sf] sf“wdf 5 . blnt ;d'bfo Tof] cleef/f
k"/f ug{ ;Ifd ag"g\ eGg] xflb{s z'e]R5f JoQm ub{5' .
) cGTodf yk s]xL eGg' x'G5 ls <
–
gof“ o'usf] lgdf{0f ug]{
qmflGtsf] af6f] hlt;'s} af¨f]l6¨f] / sl7g eP klg hgtfsf] hLt lglZrt 5 eGg]
lj1fgsf] lgoddf b[9 ljZjf; /fVb} lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9\g d k'gM blnt of]4f, blnt
hg;d'bfo / cfd g]kfnL >dhLjL hg;d'bfo;“u xflb{s clkn ub{5' .
cGtdf,
of] cGtjf{tf{dfkm{t blnt d'lQmnufot cGo ;d;fdlos ljifox¿df kf6L{sf ljrf/
hg;d'bfodf /fVg] cj;/ k|bfg ul/Psf]df d g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{nfO{ xflb{s
wGojfb 1fkg ug{ rfxG5' .
wGojfb Û w
hgjfbL
;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ng / blnt d'lQm
ltns kl/of/
ljifo k|j]z
g]kfnsf]
jt{dfg cj:yf cw{;fdGtL h8tf / cw{cf}klgj]lzs k/fwLgtfdf cfwfl/t /fhg}lts,
cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts ;+/rgfdf cjl:yt 5 . o; l:yltaf6 b]z / hgtfnfO{
k"0f{ d'Qm gagfP;Dd hgtfsf efjgf, rfxgf, zflGt / k|ult tyf b]zsf] ;jf{ËL0f
ljsf; ;Dej 5}g . o;} jf:tljstfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/L xfd|f] dxfg\ / uf}/jzfnL
kf6L{ g]=s=kf=
-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g]t[Tjdf ljut gf} jif{b]lv dxfg\ hgo'4sf] yfngL ePsf] s'/f
;j{ljlbt} 5 . of] 5f]6} cjlwdf hgo'4 g]kfnL hgtfsf] d'lQmsf] em08f
alg;s]sf] 5 . hgo'4n] /Iff, ;Gt'ng x'“b} cfh /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf
k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . of] r/0f lg0ff{os / clGtd tyf hl6n / ;+j]bgzLn r/0f klg
xf] . o;k|sf/sf] ;+j]bgzLn cj:yf / o'4sf] prfOn] dfu u/]sf] r'gf}tLk"0f{
cfjZostfn] ljrf/, ;+u7g, ;+3if{ / ;+:s[ltsf] ;du| If]qdf yk ljsf;, :ki6tf /
?kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ dfly p7fpg' ckl/xfo{ ePsf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df hgjfbL
;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ng / blnt d'lQmsf] k|Zg g]kfnL ;fdGtL a|fDx0fjfbL–dg'jfbL
;dfhdf dfq xf]Og, blIf0f Pl;ofsf lxGb" wd{ / j0ff{>d Joj:yfaf6 k|efljt d'n'sx¿ tyf ljz]if u/]/ ef/tdf
xhf/f}+ jif{b]lv k5fl8 kfl/Psf @% s/f]8eGbf a9L blnt ;d'bfosf hgtfnfO{
clek|]l/t ug'{kg]{ cf}lrTo / cfjZostf emg\ a9]/ uPsf] 5 .
o;}
kl/k|]Iodf hftLo, If]qLo, lnËLo, eflifs, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[ltsnufotsf d'lQm
cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;du| juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ngl;t PsLs[t / s]Gb|Ls[t kl/rfng ug'{
cfjZos 5 . c+z / ;Dk"0f{sf] åGåfTds ;DaGw /x]sf] x'G5 . c+znfO{
ks8]/ ;du|nfO{ 5f]l8lbg] jf ;du|nfO{ ks8]/ c+znfO{ 5f]l8lbg]h:tf
clwe"tjfbL lrGtgaf6 aRb} / c+znfO{ Wofg lb+b} ;du|nfO{ hf]8 lbg]
k|lqmofnfO{ cl3 a9fpg h?/L 5 . cfh d'n'sdf j}b]lzs ;fd|fHojfb / ef/tLo
lj:tf/jfbsf] k|ToIf x:tIf]ksf] vt/f al9/x]sf] / /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbL tŒjx¿
lbgk|ltlbg cd]l/sL / ef/tLo zf;sx¿sf cufl8 3'“8f 6]Sb} uO/x]sf] cj:yfdf
:jfledfgL b]zeQm / hgjfbL zlQmx¿nfO{ uf]naGb ub{} hgtfsf] hgjfbL ;f+:s[lts
cfGbf]ngsf] cf“wL–t'kmfg rnfpg h?/L 5 .
;+:s[lt juL{o x'G5
cflbd ;fDojfbL o'udf k|fs[lts >dljefhg ePsf]n]
dlxnf–k'?ifaLr >dljefhg x'g] ub{Yof] . ha dfgj;dfhdf JolQmut ;DklQsf]
pTklt eof] / ;DkltnfO{ cfºgf] ;GtfgnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ cjwf/0ffn] Pslgi7
ljjfxsf] k|rng ;dfhdf :yfkgf x'g yfNof], ta ;dfhdf k|e' ju{sf] :jfy{/Iffsf]
nflu /fHo;Qfsf] cfljisf/ eof] . dfgl;s >d ug]{ / zf/Ll/s >d ug]{
dflg;x¿sf aLrdf lje]b k}bf x'g uPkl5 zf]lift / zf]ifs ju{df dfjg;dfh ljeflht
eof] . ju{ljeflht dfgj;dfhsf] cfly{s tyf /fhg}lts Joj:yfsf] k|ltlaDa
;+:s[lt xf] . ;dfhsf k|e' ju{n] dfgl;s >dåf/f ljzfn >dhLjL ju{sf]
zf/Ll/s kl/>dsf] zf]if0f ug{ yfn] . kl5 zf]lift / pTkLl8t ju{ emg\
zf]if0f, pTkL8g / bdgdf kb{} uof] . To;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg zf]ifs ju{n]
To;cg'?ksf] /fhg}lts / cfly{s Joj:yf v8f u/] / To;}cg'?k ;+:s[ltsf]
cfljisf/ eof] . /fhg}lts ;+:yf /
cfly{s pTkfbg k|0ffnLdf ;+:s[lt cfwfl/t x'g] ePsf] / To;sf] ;+/If0f / :fDa4{g
klg /fHo;Qfn] ug]{ ePsf]n] /fHo;Qfsf] lgb]{lzt ljrf/wf/fl;t ;+:s[ltsf] cleGg
;DaGw /x]sf] x'G5 . ;+:s[ltcGtu{t ljrf/wf/f, efjgf, ?lr, ;+:sf/, k/Dk/f,
l;4fGt, b[li6sf]0f cflb kb{5g\ . h'g ju{Nf] ;dfh / /fhg}lts ;Qfdf sAhf
hdfpg ;kmn ePsf] x'G5, To;} ju{sf] ;+:s[lt ;dfhdf xfjL ePsf] x'G5 .
g]kfndf ljut @#^ jif{b]lv lxGb" pRr hftLo cx+sf/jfbdf cfwfl/t ;fdGtL
a|fDx0fjfbL dg'jfbL ;+:s[lt xfjL x“'b} cfO/x]sf] 5 . To;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg
lxGb" cltjfbL ;f+:s[lts k|lti7fgx¿ cfofltt ul/Psf 5g\ . o;df ljZj
lxGb" kl/ifb, kz'klt ;]gf, lzj ;]gf, lxGb" :jo+;]js ;+3 -R S S sf] zfvfsf] ?kdf _, ljZjlxGb" dxf;+3 cflb
kb{5 . oL k|lti7fgx¿n] dWoo'uLg ;fdGtjfbsf] cjz]ifsf ?kdf /x]sf] /fhtGq
Pj+ To:fsf gfOs] æ/fhfÆ nfO{
æljZjlxGb" ;d|f6Æ 3f]if0ff ub}{ g]kfnL hgtfsf] d'lQm cfGbf]ngdfly k|ToIf
x:tIf]k a9fO/x]sf 5g\ . oL lxGb" cltjfbLx¿n] ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbL ;}Go
x:tIf]ksf] jftfj/0f agfpg] w[i6tf ub}{5g\ . To;sf lj?4 /fli6«otf /
hgtGqsf] kIfdf Jofks ?kn] ;du| hgjfbL zlQmx¿nfO{ PsLs[t / s]Gb|Ls[t u/L hgtfsf]
hgjfbL ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ng tLj| agfpg' kg]{ tTsfnsf] cfjZostf ePsf] 5 .
;+f:s[lts cfGbf]ng / ;j{xf/fjuL{o
g]t[Tj
hgjfbL
;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ng hgtfsf] efjgf, cfsf+Iff, zflGt / k|ultl;t cleGg ?kn]
uf“l;Psf] x'G5 . cfhsf] ;fd|fHojfb / ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] o'udf ;a} k|sf/sf]
zf]if0f–pTkL8gsf] k|ToIf jf k/f]If g]t[Tj ;fd|fHojfbn] ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .
To;sf] cleJolQm e"d08nLs/0f, pbf/Ls/0f / lghLs/0fsf] gfddf eO/x]sf]
5 . cfly{s ?kdf cf}Bf]lus k'“hLdfly ljQLo k'“hL, ljQLo k'“hLdfly ljZja}+s,
cGt/f{li6«o d'b|fsf]z / ljZjJofkf/ ;+u7gåf/f sfod ul/Psf] ;fd|fHojfbL Psflwsf/
tyf kmf}hL ?kdf cft+sjfbsf] gfddf d'lQmsfdL hgtfdfly ul/Psf] ;}Go kmfFl;jfbL
bdg, g/;+xf/ cflbdf cleJoQm x'“b} cfPsf] 5 . o;sf] 7Ls ljk/Lt ;a} k|sf/sf
zf]if0f–pTkL8gsf lj?4 x'“b} cfO/x]sf /fli6«o hgjfbL / ;dfhjfbL d'lQm
cfGbf]ngx¿sf] g]t[Tj ;j{xf/fju{n] ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . ;j{xf/fjuL{o
g]t[Tjsf] ckl/xfo{tf / cfjZostfnfO{ cfTd;ftLs/0f gu/L bz{g, /fhg}lts cy{zf:q /
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf] If]qdf ;fd|fHojfbn] v8f u/]sf pQ/fw'lgstfjfbnufotsf tdfd
j}rfl/s / ;f+:s[lts lje|dx¿ lj?4sf] ;+3if{nfO{ tLj| kfg{ ;lsGg .
clxn]
Oltxf;n] ;'lDkPsf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug]{ lhDdf ;j{xf/fju{sf] /fhg}lts zlQm
dfn]dfjfbL qmflGtsf/Lx¿sf] sf“wdf cfPsf] 5 . o; lhDd]jf/LnfO{ k"/f
ug{ dfS;{jfbsf tLg ;+36s c+udf yk ljsf; ug{ h?/L ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL wtL{df
ljut gf} jif{b]lv dfn]dfsf] k|of]uaf6 cfljisf/ / ljsf; ePsf] gof“ ljrf/–>[ª\vnfsf]
?kdf :yflkt k|r08kysf] /Iff, k|of]u / ljsf;af6 dfq of] s'/f ;Dej b]lvG5 .
hgjfbL ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ng ;DkGg ub}{ ;dfhjfb–;fDojfb;Dd k'Ug eg] ;j{xf/f
;f+:s[lts qmflGtn] k|ltkfbg u/]sf] lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] l;4fGtnfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/]/
dfq ;Dej x'g]5 .
oxf“g]/
:d/0fLo s'/f s] 5 eg] g]t[Tj ug]{ /fhg}lts zlQmsf] ljrf/wf/fTds / /fhg}lts
sfo{lbzf, ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf, sfo{z}nL / p;n] ckgfpg] ;+:s[lt, cfr/0f,
afgL–Joxf]/f, ?lr–;+:sf/ cflbn] klg sfkmL xb;Dd lg0ff{os e"ldsf
v]Nb5g\ . cfTdljZjf; / alnbfgsf] pRr ;j{xf/f r]tgfn] cf]tk|f]t ePsf
g]tf–sfo{stf{x¿sf] ks8 ePsf] kf6L{n] dfq s7f]/ cfTd;+3if{, cGt/;+3if{ / j}rfl/s
;+3if{sf] ljsf; ub}{ ;j{xf/fjuL{o Pstf / ;fd"lxstfsf] lgldQ j}rfl/s,
;f+u7lgs / ;f+:s[lts ;+3if{nfO{ of]hgfa4 / k|efjsf/L 9¨n] cufl8 a9fpg ;Sb5 .
cfhsf] tTsfnsf] j:t'ut l:yltn] dfu u/]sf] ?kfGt/0f hgjfbL ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0f
xf] . o;sf] g]t[Tj ug]{ /fhg}lts zlQmsf] ;+:s[lt eg] hgjfbL ;+:s[lteGbf
pRr ;j{xf/f ;+:s[ltn] cf]tk|f]t x'g h?/L 5 . ta dfq ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ngsf]
g]t[Tj / lbzflgb]{zg x'g ;Sg] 5 .
blnt d'lQm / a|fDx0fjfbL ;+:s[lt
g]kfndf
;fdGtL a|fDx0fjfbL ;+:s[lt ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv xfjL x'“b} cfPsf] 5 . o;}sf]
pkh xf] j0ff{>d Joj:yfn] nfb]sf] hftkft, 5'jf5"t / e]befj klg .
cfwf/e"t ?kn] dfgl;s / zfl//Ls >daLrsf] lje]baf6 hlGdPsf] blnt ;d:of
sfnfGt/df j}lbs cfo{x¿n] ;fdGtL a|fDx0fjfbL ;+:s[ltcGtu{t To;nfO{ ;+:yfut ub}{
cfPsf] kfOG5 . j0ff{>d Joj:yfsf] z'?jft ePsf] tLg xhf/ jif{ lalt;Sbf
klg lxGb" a|fDx0fjfbL ;dfhdf of] Joj:yf cfh klg h8tfsf] ?kdf kfOG5 .
o;f] x'g'sf] k5fl8 ;+:s[ltsf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . To;}n]
æblnt ;d:of d"ntM ;f+:s[lts ;d:of xf]Æ eGg] s= k|r08sf] egfO k'li6
x'G5 . g]kfnL ;dfhdf ;fdGtL a|fDx0fjfbL ;+:s[lt, lxGb" wfld{s ljrf/,
j0ff{>d Joj:yf, ;fdGtL /fhtGq, lji0f' cjtf/jfb, k'/f]lxtjfb, efUojfb, k"j{hGd–k'gh{Gdjfb,
dfofjfb, cGwljZjf; ?l9jfb, lnËLo lje]b, hftkft 5'jf5"t, e]befj Pj+
/x:ojfbdf cleJoQm x'“b} cfPsf] 5 . a|fDx0fjfbn] efO–efO Ps x'g lb+b}g /
o;n] blnt–blntaLr e]b k}bf u/fOlbPsf] 5, Pp6} afa'sf 5f]/fx¿nfO{ pkfWofo / h};L
agfP/ km'6fOlbPsf] 5 . p“r–gLrsf] efjgf k}bf u/fO{ cnu–cnu Pj+ 6'qmf–6'qmf
agfP/ o;n] ækm'6fpm / zf;g u/Æ sf] gLlt nfu" ub{5 . o;}sf pRrtd
ljsl;t ?kx¿ cfhsf] @!cf}+ ztfAbLdf ;fd|fHojfbn] v8f u/]sf a'h{jf
cfw'lgstfjfbnufotsf j}rfl/s Pj+ ;f+:s[lts lje|dx¿ x'g\ . o;sf lj?4 åGåfTds
tyf P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL ljZjb[li6sf]0fsf] cfwf/df dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kyLo
j}rfl/s / ;f+:s[lts xltof/n] ;';lHht eO{ ;+3if{sf] d}bfgdf ;Dk"0f{ ?kn]
xf]ldg'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 .
blnt
;d:of d"ntM ;f+:s[lts ;d:of g} xf], o;df ljjfb 5}g . tyflk of] ljz'4
;f+:s[lts dfq xf] t < xf]Og . cfly{s tyf /fhg}lts Joj:yfsf] k|ltlaDa
;+:s[lt ePsfn] o;sf] åGåfTds ;DaGw /fHo;Qfl;t /x]sf] x'G5 . ;+:s[ltn]
juL{o /fHo;Qfsf] kIfkf]if0f ub{5 eg] /fHo;Qfn] To;sf] ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f /
;Da4{g ub}{ cfPsf] x'G5 . To;}n] blnt ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu klxnf] zt{
;fdGtL a|fDx0fjfbL /fHo;Qfsf] Wj+z ug'{ g} x'G5 . To;sf] ;§fdf j}rfl/s
?kn] wd{ lg/k]Iftf / cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/;lxt :jzf;g tyf /fhg}lts ?kn] hgjfbL
clwgfosTj ;lxtsf] hgjfbL /fHo;Qfsf] :yfkgf ug'{ tTsfnsf] cfjZostf xf] .
j}lbs
cfo{x¿n] j0f{Joj:yf cfljisf/ ubf{ sl7g zf/Ll/s kl/>d ug]{ dflg;x¿nfO{
z"b| >f]0fLdf /fv]sf] tYon] s] k|dfl0ft ub{5 eg] cfhsf blnt ;d'bfo
P]ltxfl;s ;j{xf/fju{ g} x'g\ . sfnfGt/df 1fg, wg / ;z:q an k|of]u ug{
kfpg] hGdl;4 clwsf/af6 /fHo;Qfsf] andf ;fdGtL a|fDx0fjfbL zf;sx¿n] k|ltaGw
nufP/ al~rt agfO{ k5fl8 kfl/Psf] tYon] :ki6 kf/]sf] 5 . t;y{ /fHo;Qfsf]
k'g;{+/rgf u/L ;Qfdf ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj / ;fdflhs hLjgsf ;a} If]qdf ljz]ifflwsf/;lxt ;fk]lIfs ;dfgtf nfu"
ul/g' kb{5 . nfdf] ;do;Dd ;dfhdf lgs[i6td cj:yfdf /x]sf]
hftkft–5'jf5"t / e]befjsf] cGTo ug{ o;nfO{ ;fdflhs ck/fw 3f]if0ff u/L
Jojxf/df nfu" ul/g'kb{5 . o;sf nflu hgjfbL ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ngsf]
g]t[Tj ug]{ /fhg}lts zlQmsf] cfGtl/s k+lQmleq ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf]
nflu j}rfl/s ;+3if{ / ;fdGtL a|fDx0fjfbL ;+:s[ltsf lj?4 hgjfbL ;f+:s[lts
cfGbf]ngsf] cf“wL–t'kmfg ;[li6 ul/g'kb{5 . oxf“g]/ Pp6f s'/fdf :ki6 x'g
h?/L 5 ls ef}lts / cflTds kIfsf] åGåfTds ;DaGw /x]sf] x'G5 . klxnf] ef}lts
x'G5, bf];|f] cflTds x'G5, oL b'j}n] Ps–csf{nfO{ k|efljt kfb{5g\ . ef}lts
kl/jt{g 5f]6f] / cNksfnsf] klg x'G5 eg] cflTds kl/jt{g bL3{sfnLg x'g]
ub{5 . juL{o ;Qf k|flKtkl5 klg ;f+:s[lts ;Qf sfod ug{ nfdf] ;do nfUg]
s'/fdf xfdL :ki6 x'g h?/L 5 . To;}n] j}rfl/s / ;f+:s[lts qmflGtnfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbg xfdLn] dfgl;s ¿kn] cfkm"nfO{ tof/ kfg{ h?/L 5 .
/fHo;Qfsf] k|ZgnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ dfq ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ngnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lsG5
eGg] s'/fdf klg xfdL :ki6 x'g cfjZos 5 .
pk;+xf/
cfh
d'n's eLif0f u[xo'4sf] aLraf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . d'n's / d'n'sjf;Ln] cu|ufdL
/fhg}lts lgsf; / ;fdGtL a|fDx0fjfbL /fHo;Qfsf] k''g;+{/rgfsf] dfu ul//x]sf
5g\ . To;f] gu/];Dd hftLo, If]qLo, lnËLo, eflifs / ;f+:s[lts ;d:ofsf]
;Daf]wg oyfl:yltn] ug}{ g;Sg] l:ylt k}bf ePsf] 5 . o; jf:tljstfnfO{
k'/fgf] ;fdGtL a|fDx0fjfbL /fHo;Qfsf gfOs]x¿n] cfTd;ft\ u/]/ b]z / hgtfnfO{
ef}uf]lns cv08tf / ;fj{ef}d clwsf/ ;DkGg agfpg] lgtfGt k|hftflGqs ljlw ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg dfkm{t ;d:of xn ug{
;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] dWo:ytfdf jftf{–k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg ;d]t c:jLsf/ u/]/
;fd|fHojfbL / ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbL zf;sx¿;fd' /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0f ub}{ 3'8f
6]ls/xg'n] ar]v'r]sf] ;fdGtL /fi6«jfb;d]t ;dfKt ePsf] k'li6 x'G5 . j}b]lzs
;fd|fHojfbL ;}Go;fdfu|L d'n'sdf leq\ofP/ lbgk|ltlbg bh{gf}+sf b/n] hg;+xf/
ug'{, lxGb" cltjfbL ;f+:s[lts k|lti7fgx¿nfO{ v'n]cfd rnv]n ug]{ 5"6
lbP/ /fli6«otfdfly v]njf8 ug'{ cflb s'/fn] ;fdGtL /fhtGq slyt æPstfsf] k|tLsÆ
eGg] jsjf; dfq ;fljt ePsf] 5 . ca g]kfnL hgtfsf] Psdfq ljsNk /0fg}lts
k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf ;z:q cfd ljb|f]xsf] cf“wL–t'kmfg l;h{gf ub}{ ;a} k|sf/sf
zf]if0f–pTkL8gsf lj?4 ljb|f]x ug'{ g} /x]sf] 5 . u
;Gbe{ ;fdu|L M
w æqmflGtsf/L
?kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ dfly p7fp“b} /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf k|j]z u/f}+Æ
eGg] g]=s=kf=
-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] /fhg}lts b:tfj]h .
w s= ls/0f,
;+3if{sf] bz{g .
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P+u]N;, kl/jf/ lghL ;DklQ / /fHosf]
pTklQ .
k|frLg >lds ju{sf] d'lQm cfGbf]ngaf/]
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j0f{Joj:yf cyf{t\ hftkft 5'jf5"tsf] k|yf
blIf0f Pl;ofdf ljBdfg clt lgs[i6 zf]if0f–bdgsf] k|yf xf] . of] k|yf d'VotM
lxGb" wd{ dfGg] ;dfhdf /x] klg lxGb" wd{sf] ;Dks{df af}4 wdf{jnDaL
k|s[lt wd{ dfGg] hghftLo ;dfh cflbdf klg /x]sf] 5 . j0f{Joj:yf cyf{t\ blnt
;d'bfodflysf] pTkL8gsf] ;du| ljZn]if0f dfS;{b]lv dfcf];Ddsf dxfg\ ;j{xf/f juL{o
g]tfx¿n] klg ug'{ ePsf] b]lvGg . o; cy{df blIf0f Pl;ofsf sDo'lgi6x¿sf nflu
o;af/] ;du| ljZn]if0f ug{] / o;sf] j}1flgs ;dfwfg vf]Hg] bfloTj yk sfo{ef/sf]
?kdf xfd|f] ;fd' k|:t't ePsf] 5 . xfd|f] uf}/jzfnL kf6L{ g]kfn sDo'lgi6
kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ n] o; sfo{nfO{ j}1flgs 9¨n] axg ub}{ blnt pTkL8gsf] ;xL
ljZn]if0f / To;sf] ;xL ;dfwfg k|:t't ub{} cfPsf] 5 / o;sf] Jofjxfl/s cg'ej tyf
P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df o;nfO{ cem} kl/dflh{t / ljsl;t ub}{
nfg' kg]{ cfjZostf cg'e"t u/]sf] 5 .
blIf0f
Pl;ofdf cfo{x¿sf] k|j]zeGbf cufl8 /x]sf l;Gw' 3f6Lsf] ;Eotf nufot cGo ;Eotfx¿df
-cGo dfgja:tLx¿df_ j0f{>d Joj:yf lyPg . oxf“ /x]sf b|lj8 d'n'ssf
dfgja:tLx¿ / cGo ;d'bfodf klg j0fff{>d Joj:yf lyPg . g]kfns} s'/f ubf{
klg cfo{x¿sf] k|j]z cufl8sf hftLo dfgja:tLx¿df j0ff{>d Joj:yf lyPg . t/
cfo{x¿sf] k|j]zkl5 / ;dfhdf ju{ljefhg / /fHo;Qfsf] pTklQkl5 g} o'4aGbLx¿nfO{
cgfo{ hfltsf] gfddf lgs[i6td\ Jojxf/ ug{ yflnof] . tTsfnLg zf;s ju{n]
;fd"lxs ;DklQnfO{ lghL agfpg yfNof] / blnt ;d'bfonfO{ pTkfbgsf ;fwgaf6
a+lrt t'NofOof] . qmdzM tL k|frLg >ldsx¿dfly /fhg}lts, ;f+:s[lts /
dgf]j}1flgs nufot ;Dk"0f{ If]qaf6 pTkL8g z'? eof] . o; pTkL8gnfO{
wfld{sLs/0f u/]/ a|fDx0fjfbL zf;s ju{n] æcf:yf / Joj:yfsf] cfwf/Æ agfP/ Pp6f
uDeL/ / lgs[i6 zf]if0fsf] hu a;fNof] .
blnt
d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf cufl8 ljleGg vfnsf r'gf}tLx¿ 5g\ . tLdWo] Ps
dxŒjk"0f{ r'gf}tL unt b[li6sf]0f, ljrf/ / sfo{lbzfsf] v08g u/]/ ;xL /
j}1flgs b[li6sf]0f, ljrf/ / sfo{lbzf :yflkt ug'{ xf] . blnt pTkL8gnfO{
juL{o pTkL8g gdfGg' / s]jn ;f+:s[lts pTkL8g dfGg', blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{
juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ng -cyf{t ju{;+3if{_ sf] dftxtdf ;+rfng ug{ gdfGg'h:tf
u}/;j{xf/f juL{o b[li6sf]0f / sfo{lbzfnfO{ cem} tLj| e08fkmf]/ ug'{ kb{5 .
;f+:s[lts ;'wf/jfbn] blnt cfGbf]ngnfO{ s]jn ;f+:s[lts d'lQm -5'jf5"taf6
d'lQm_ sf] ;+sL0f{ cy{df dfq} u|x0f ub{5 / To;}cg'?k æ;f+:s[lts ;3if{Æd} ;Lldt
/fVg vf]Hb5 . blIf0fkGyLx¿n] ;f+:s[lts ;'wf/sf] s'/f ub{5g\ / qmdzM ;'wf/
x'“b} hfG5 eg]/ qmldstfsf] s'/f ub{5g\ eg] ;f+:s[lts pu|jfdkGyn] s]jn ;f+:s[lts
If]qdf qmflGt, o'4, ?kfGt/0f cflbsf] s'/f ub{5g\ t/ k'/fgf] /fHo;Qf Wj:t gkf/L
blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ng ;kmn x'“b}g eGg] tYo cfTd;ft\ ub}{g . Pg=hL=cf]= /
cfO=Pg=hL=cf]=jfbLx¿ tyf blIf0fkGyL cj;/jfbLx¿n] blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ ju{;+3if{af6
cnu 9¨n] ljz'4 blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] ?kdf rnfpg vf]Hb5g\ . g]kfn / ef/tsf
s}of}+ blIf0fkGyL cj;/jfbLx¿sf] csf]{ ljz]iftf eg]sf] blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{
ju{;+3if{sf] dftxtdf cufl8 a9fpg' kb{5 eGg] s'/fdf ;}4flGts, df}lvs / lnlvt
;xdlt t hgfp“5g\ t/ ju{;+3if{sf] 7f]; / pRrtd\ d"tL{s[t:j?k hgo'4nfO{ g}
c:jLsf/ ub{5g\ . cem Psy/L blIf0fkGyL cj;/jfbLx¿sf] ljz]iftf eg] hgo'4nfO{
df}lvs / lnlvt ?kdf :jLsf/] klg Jofjxfl/s ?kdf eg] slxNo} klg To;sf] tof/Ldf
nfUb}gg\ a? eO/x]sf] hgo'4nfO{ klg ;xof]u ub}{gg\ . o:tf] k|s[ltn] klg
blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] ;xL kyk|bz{g ug}{ ;Sb}g eGg] s'/f :ki6 eO;s]sf] 5 .
blnt
d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf cfly{s lg0f{ojfbL ljrng klg slxn] sf“xL b]vfkg]{ u/]sf]
5 . cfly{s ljsf; ePkl5 dflg;x¿sf] cGt/3'ngn] :jtM 5'jf5"t nufotsf
pTkL8g ljnf]k eP/ hfG5 eGg] lrGtgn] blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ng s]jn k'“hLjfbsf] k'R5/
cfGbf]ng aGg] x'G5 . k'“hLjfbsf] ljsf;n] :jtM 5'jf5"t gi6 x'g] eP
ef/t / g]kfnsf zx/x¿df lsg 5'jf5"t\ cem} rsf]{ 5 t < o; lrGtgn]
dflg;x¿sf] r]tgf / ;r]t k|of;sf] e"ldsfnfO{ Go"gLs/0f u/]/ cfly{s kIfn]
;a} / ;w}+ lg0f{o u5{ eGg] oflGqs b[li6sf]0f cg'z/0f ub{5 . To;}n] of]
j}1flgs dfS;{jfbL b[li6sf]0f xf]Og .
blnt
d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] j}1flgs sfo{lbzf eg]sf] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb /
k|r08kysf] kyk|bz{gdf æljz]ifflwsf/,
ljlzi6 ;+3if{, ;du| qmflGt / bL3{sfnLg cfGbf]ngÆ sf] sfo{lbzf xf] .
oxf“
ljz]ifflwsf/ eGgfn] ;dfg clwsf/ eg]sf] xf]Og . zf]ifs / zf]liftnfO{ ;dfg
clwsf/ lbg' eGg' j'h'{jf jsjf; xf] eg]/ dfS;{n] uf]yf sfo{qmdsf] cfnf]rgf
zLif{ssf] /rgfdf JofVof ug'{ ePsf] 5 . o;/L :ki6 5, zf]ifs / zf]lift ju{
/x];Dd clwsf/df ;dfgtfsf] s'/f ug'{ a'h'{jf b[li6sf]0f xf] . ;j{xf/fju{n]
ju{ /x];Dd ljz]ifflwsf/ k|of]u ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . ;j{xf/fju{sf] clwgfosTj
eg]sf] ;j{xf/fju{sf] ljz]ifflwsf/ xf], of] k|of]u gu/L juL{o pTkL8gnufot
;a}vfn] pTkL8g Wj:t u/]/ ;fDojfbL ;dfh :yfkgf ug{ ;lsGg .
To;}n]
blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ng ;f“lRrs} ;kmn agfpg] xf] eg] blnt ;d'bfon] ljz]ifflwsf/nfO{
cfºgf] nIo / sfo{qmd agfpg} kg]{ x'G5 . ljz]ifflwsf/ eg]sf] u}/blntnfO{
eGbf blnt hg;d'bfonfO{ dfqfTds ?kdf klg a9L clwsf/ lbg' k5{ / u'0ffTds ?kdf klg
pRr vfnsf] clwsf/ lbg' kb{5 eGg] xf] . Pg=hL=cf]=jfbLx¿, a'h'{jf
;'wf/jfbLx¿ tyf blIf0fkGyLx¿n] æcf/If0fÆ nfO{ blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] sfo{qmd
atfp“b} cfPsf 5g\ . æcf/If0fÆsf] gLlt ;Qfwf/L pTkL8s ju{af6 s]xL ;–;fgf
;'wf/x¿ bfgsf] ?kdf ju{;+3if{nfO{ lg:t]h kfg]{ cf}ifwLsf] ?kdf blnt d'lQm
cfGbf]ng cfd"n kl/jt{gsf/L gagf];\ / k'/fgf] ;Qf l6ls/xf];\ eGg] p2]Zo;lxt
k|of]]u eO/x]sf] 5 . To;}n] ;j{xf/fju{sf] sfo{qmd / gf/f blnt d'lQmsf]
nflu cf/If0f x'g ;Sb}g . ;j{xf/fju{n] a'h'{jf ju{ tyf lgDga'h'{jf ju{sf]
k'R5/ aGg] uNtL ug'{ x'“b}g . ;j{xf/fju{sf] cfºg} :jtGq sfo{qmd / af6f]
x'g' kb{5 .
ljz]ifflwsf/
eg]sf] d'VotM ju{;+3if{ / ljb|f]xsf] clwsf/ xf] eg] cf/If0f eg]sf] d'VotM
ju{;dGjo / ;'wf/jfbsf] xltof/ xf] . ljz]ifflwsf/ eg]sf] ;a} If]qdf ljz]ifflwsf/
/ ;a} If]qdf qmflGt xf] eg] cf/If0f eg]sf] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;Lldt kb / ;'ljwf
lbP/ blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf s]xL g]tfx¿nfO{ lsGg' xf] .
ljz]ifflwsf/
eg]sf] ;du| If]qdf ljz]ifflwsf/ xf] eGg'sf] cy{ s] xf] eg] blnt ;d'bfodflysf]
pTkL8g ;a} If]qdf ePsf]n] ;a} If]qdf ljz]ifflwsf/ k|fKt ug'{kb{5 eGg]
xf] . To;}n] xfdLn] ;du| qmflGtsf] s'/f p7fpg' k/]sf] xf] . gof“
/fHo;Qflagf blnt d'lQmsf] s'/f ug'{ s]jn e|d dfq} xf] . To;}n] ;j{k|yd
/fHo;Qfsf] If]qdf blnt ;d'bfonfO{ ljz]ifflwsf/ lbg' kb{5 . blntnfO{ klg
Ps ef]6sf] clwsf/, u}/blntnfO{ klg Ps
ef]6sf] clwsf/ tyf b'a}y/L p7\g kfOg] eGg] h:tf ;dfg clwsf/sf] s'/fn] blnt
;d'bfo /fHo;Qfdf k'Ug} ;Qm}g . To;}n] Psflt/ blnt ;d'bfosf] ;+VofTds
cfwf/df k|ltlGflwTj Go"gtd\ ?kdf ;'lglZrt ul/g' kb{5 eg] cem dxŒjk"0f{
s'/f ljz]ifflwsf/ :j?k blnt ;d'bfonfO{ yk k|ltlglwTjsf] clwsf/ lbOg'
kb{5 . blnt ;d'bfodfly pTkL8gsf] Ps dxŒjk"0f{ sf/0f hfltnfO{ xltof/
agfP/ kmf}hLs[t x'g gkfpg' klg xf] . To;}n] blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] Ps
dxŒjk"0f{ cfwf/ kmf}hLs/0f klg xf] .
;j{xf/fjfbL
blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngn] h8;"qLo ;+zf]wgjfbL ;f]+rsf lj?4 klg ;+3if{ ub}{ cl3
a9\g' kg]{ x'G5 . h8;"qLo ;+zf]wgjfbn] blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] ljlzi6
:j?ksf] Vofn ub}{g, s]jn ;fdfGo vfnsf] ju{;+3if{ xf] dfq} eG5 t/ of] ljlzi6
vfnsf] ju{;+3if{ xf] eGg] s'/f :jLsf/ ub}{g . h8;"qLo ;+zf]wgjfbn]
ju{;+3if{ ;kmn eP/ gof“ ;Qf ag]kl5 :jtM blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ng klg ;kmn eP/ ;lsG5
eGg] ;f]+r /fVb5 t/ oyfy{ To:tf] x'“b}g . gof“ ;Qf ag]kl5 klg blnt
pTkL8gsf ljlzi6 ;d:ofx¿ af“sL x'G5g\ . blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ng d'VotM
ju{;+3if{ g} eP klg of] c? ju{;+3if{eGbf leGg 5, o;sf] cfºg} ljlzi6 :j?k klg
5 . h:t} of] wfld{s cf:yfsf] hfdf klx/]/ a;]sf] 5, u}/blnt hg;d'bfosf
pTkLl8t juL{o hgtfsf] 7"nf] lx:;f ljz]if u/L j[4 / k|f}9 lx:;fdf o;sf]
k|efj 5, blnt hg;d'bfoleq} klg 7"nf] hflt / ;fgf] hflt eg]/ ljefhg
ul/lbPsf] sf/0fn] ;d:of 5 . To;}n] ;+3if{sf klg ljlzi6 :j?kx¿ xfdLn] agfpg
l;kfn' x'g} kb{5 . ef/tdf h8;"qLo ;+zf]wgjfbL ;f]+rn] ubf{ blnt /
u}/blnt hfltaLrsf] ;+3if{ k|wfg ag]/ tyf juL{o ;+3if{ uf}0f ag]/ klg blnt d'lQm
cfGbf]ngdf a]nfavtdf ;d:of b]lvg] u/]sf] 5 .
blnt
d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf b]vfkg]{ csf]{ unt ;f]+r eg]sf] cNksfnLg b[li6sf]0f xf] .
blnt hg;d'bfodflysf] xhf/f}+ jif{b]lvsf] pTkL8g ;d"n gi6 ug{ Tolt ;lhnf]
;f]Rg' x'“b}g . o; ;d:ofnfO{ ;xh / xNsf 9+un] lng' klg e'n x'g]5 .
a|fDx0fjfbL pTkL8sx¿sf] j}rfl/s, cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts / /fhg}lts cfwf/n] lgs}
ulx/f] h/f uf8]sf] 5 . qmflGt eO;s]sf 7fp“df klg k|ltqmflGt x'g ;S5 eGg]
;DefjgfnfO{ Vofn u/]/ blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ lg/Gt/ qmflGt -dxfg\ ;j{xf/f
;f+:s[lts qmflGt_ ;“u uf“:g} kb{5 . blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ng eg]sf] s]jn
;f+:s[lts 5jf5"t lj?4sf] cfGbf]ng dfq} geP/ ;aeGbf k|frLg >ldsju{sf]
d'lQm–;du| d'lQm -/fhgLlts, cfly{s cflb ;a} If]qdf d'lQm_ ;d]t ePsf]n] blnt
d'lQm cfGbf]ng ;fDojfbdf gk'u'~h]n /f]Sg] jf /f]Sg ;Sg] s'/f] x'“b}g . o;nfO{
cNksfnLg 9ª\un] dfq} u|x0f ug'{ eg]sf] ;Lw} k|ltqmflGtsf] v]nf}gf aGg k'Ug' x'g
hfg]5 .
xfd|f] kf6L{n] g]kfnL hgo'4df pTkLl8t
blnt hg;d'bfosf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xg] oyf{ynfO{ ;dod} u|x0f u/\of] /
blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] ;xL j}rfl/s, ;+u7gfTds, /fhg}lts / kmf}hL sfo{lbzf
lgZlrt u¥of] . o;}sf] kmn:j?k 5f]6f] ;dod} blnt hg;d'bfosf] cTolws
ax';+Vos lx:;f ;+ul7t eP/ dxf;+u|fddf nfdaGb ePsf] 5 . Oltxf;df bljPsf
d'¶Lx¿ ca ;r]t eP/ p7]sf 5g\ . blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngn] cfkm\g} ;d'bfoaf6
y'k|} of]Uo g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x¿ klg lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . cfºgf] Kof/f]
;+u7gnfO{ klg ljzfn / h'emf? agfPsf] 5 . ljzfn u|fdL0f e'–efu d'Qm ug{
y'k|} zxLbx¿ hGdfPsf] 5 . ca k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0f ;kmn agfpg cem 7"nf]
dxfo'4sf] cleofgdf g]kfnL k|frLg >lds ju{ klg nfluk/]sf] 5 . r
/fHo;Qf / blnt d'lQmsf] k|Zg
k/z'/fd /dt]n
g]kfndf
cfo{ hfltsf] k|j]z ;“u;“u} j0ff{>d Joj:yfsf] klg k|j]z ePsf] xf] . g]kfnsf]
k|frLg Oltxf;df j0ff{>d Joj:yf lyPg . cfheGbf sl/a tLg xhf/ jif{klxn]
j}lbs cfo{x¿n] j0ff{>d Joj:yfnfO{ -CUj]b_ n]vL ;"qa4 9¨n] ;+:yfut ljsf;
ug{ vf]h]sf] cg'dfg nufpg ;lsG5 . j0ff{>d Joj:yfsf]] z'?sf] r/0fdf
j0ff]{Ggtsf] Joj:yf ePsf] / kl5 ;dfh ljsf; / ju{cGtlj{/f]w rls{b} uP/ pTkfbgsf
;fwgsf] ljsf;n] >dzlQmsf] cfjZostf a9\b} uPkl5 lxGb" j0ff{>d wd{nfO{
;"qa4 u/]/ dg':d[ltsf] /rgf ul/of] / j0ff]{Ggltdfly k|ltaGw nufOof] .
o;/L lxGb" j0ff{>d Joj:yf :yfkgf u/L g]kfndf blnt ;d'bfonfO{ ;fdGtL tyf
a|fDx0fjfbL /fHoJoj:yfn] ;du| If]qdf s;/L pTkL8g ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 / @!cf}+
ztfAbLdf klg dfgjhflts} sn+ssf] ?kdf /x]sf] hftkft 5'jf5"th:tf] cToGt
3[l0ft tyf cdfgjLo k|yf ljBdfg /x]sf] jt{dfg ;Gbe{df blnt ;d'bfosf] d'lQmsf]
ljsNk s] /xg ;S5 eGg]af/]df xfdLn] of] 5f]6f] n]vdf rrf{ ug]{ hdsf]{ u/]sf
5f}+ .
dxfg\
u'? sfn{ dfS;{n] /fHo;QfnfO{ ju{k|e'Tjsf] c:q dfGb} Ps ju{åf/f csf]{ ju{sf]
pTkL8g ug]{ xltof/ xf] eGg'ePsf] 5 . jf:tjdf cfh;Ddsf] /fHoJoj:yfdf
;dfhsf] cNk;+Vos k/hLjL ju{n] ax';+Vos >dhLjL ju{dfly clwgfosTj k|of]u ug]{
;fwgsf] ?kdf ;QfnfO{ k|of]u ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf lj=;+= !$#&
;fndf /fhf hol:ylt dNnn] ;+:yfut u/]sf] lxGb" pRr hftLo cx+sf/jfb cyf{t\
a|fDx0fjfbdf cfwfl/t j0ff{>d Joj:yf / ;fdGtL /fhtGqn] b]zsf ax';+Vos hghflt,
dlxnf / blnt ;d'bfo tyf ljleGg efiff–efifL, u}/lxGb" wdf{jnDaL / dw]zL
nufot If]qLo ;d'bfo cflbdfly aa{/ bdg / pTkL8g ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . b]zsf]
s'n hg;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO{ hg:f+Vofsf] ?kdf /x]sf] blnt ;d'bfodfly emg\
dfgjhflts} sn+ssf] ¿kdf /lxcfPsf] hftLo 5'jf5"t / e]befjh:tf] cToGt
cdfgjLo / lgs[i6 vfnsf] Jojxf/ ub}{ ;fdflhs hLjgsf x/]s If]qaf6 al~rt kfb}{
cfO/x]sf] s'/f ;j{ljlbt} 5 . ;fdGtL /fhf hol:ylt dNnn] j0ff{>d Joj:yfnfO{
slyt ;dfh ;'wf/sf] gfddf ;+:yfut u/]sf lyP . kl5 lj=;+=!^^#df uf]/vfsf
/fhf /fd zfxn] o;nfO{ cem lgs[i6td\ agfO{ lj:tf/ u/]sf lyP . pgn]
z"b|x¿ klg Psh'6 eP/ ljb|f]x ug]{ ;+efjgf b]v]/ z"b|–z"b|aLrsf]
e]befj ug]{ rng rnfP/ o;nfO{ lj:tf/ u/] . u|L;df zf/Ll/s >d / dfgl;s
>d ug]{aLrsf] e]befjaf6 z'? ePsf] of] hftkft / 5'jf5"t k|||yf sfnfGt/df
sfdsf] cfwf/df hft lgwf{/0f u/L ;+:yfut ul/of] . dg':d[ltdf cfwfl/t
k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHoJoj:yfn] blnt ;d'bfonfO{ ;fdflhs, cfly{s Pj+ ;f+:s[lts If]qdf
lgtfGt k5fl8 kf/]/ bf;–bf;Lsf] ?kdf k|of]u ug'{ :jfefljs b]lvG5 . h'g
j}rfl/s w/ftn / lglxt juL{o :jfy{sf lglDt j0f{Joj:yfsf] l;h{gf u/L dg':d[ltdf
;"qa4 ul/of], Tof] ;dfhsf ax';+Vos >dhLjL ju{nfO{ /fHosf] Joj:yfkg /
/fhgLltaf6 6f9f /fVg' :jfefljs g} dflgG5 . o;/L a|fDx0fjfbL Pj+ ;fdGtL
;Qfn] wd{, k'/fgf] /Lltl/jfh, ;+:sf/, d"No / dfGotf cflbsf] cf8df blnt
;d'bfonfO{ cToGt 3[l0ft / si6s/ hLjg lhpg afWo kfb}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .
PsLs[t
g]kfn /fHosf] :yfkgfb]lv /f0ff zf;g x'“b} clxn];Dd cfpg] qmddf zf;sx¿n] blnt
;d'bfodfly bdgsf/L gLlt ckgfp“b} cfO/x]sf 5g\ . /f0ffsfndf blntx¿nfO{ sl7g
zf/Ll/s sfd ug]{, ;]jf rfs/L ug]{, xltof/ lgdf{0f tyf cf];f/–k;f/ ug]{h:tf
sfddf dfq nufOof] . lxGb" zf:qn] k|ltalGwt u/]sf] 1fg cfh{g / af}l4s
ljsf; ug]{ afx]ssf cGo zf/Ll/s >dd"ns sfddf dfq z"b|nfO{
nufOGYof] . Tolta]nf blnt ;d'bfon] n]vk9 u/]df xft sfl6lbg], lha|f]
y'ltlbg] rng lyof] . /f0ff zf;gkl5 /fhg}lts ?kdf s]xL v's'nf]h:tf] b]lvP
klg jf:tjdf /fHo;Qfsf] d"n ;+/rgfdf s'g} kl/jt{g gcfPkl5 cGttM blnt
;d'bfodflysf] Hofblt / pTkL8g oyfjt g} /lx/x\of] . @)$& ;fnsf] ;Lldt
k|hftGqkl5sf] ;+;bLo ax'bnLo sfndf klg lxGb" /fHo / /fhtGq Pj+ o;cGtu{tsf]
j0f{ Joj:yf
-h'g dg':d[ltåf/f l;lh{t ul/Psf] xf]_ sf] cjwf/0ffdf s'g} tflŒjs kl/jt{g
cfPg . Psftkm{ blnt ;d'bfonfO{ ;Defljt ljb|f]xaf6 /f]Sg slyt ;+ljwfg -hflt–kfltsf]
cfwf/df e]befj ug{ gkfOg]_ eg]/ elgof] eg] csf]{tkm{ :ki6Ls/0f -k/Dk/fb]lv
rlncfPsf] Jojxf/nfO{ e]befjk"0f{ dflgg] 5}g_ eg]/ pxL pTkL8gsf/L gLltnfO{
lg/Gt/tf lb+b} o;nfO{ cem dha"t 9¨n] ;+:yfut ug]{ sfd ul/of] . o;af6
s] k|:6 x'G5 eg] pRr lxGb" a|fDx0fjfbL Pj+ ;fdGtL zf;s ju{ P]ltxfl;s
>lds ju{ blnt ;d'bfosf] kIfdf k"/} Jf]jf:tf ub}{ lbgfg'lbg emg\ lg/+s'z
9+un] !^cf}+ ztfAbLsf] dWoo'utkm{ nlDs/x]sf] 5 . x'g t k~rfotsfnb]lv clxn]sf]
;+;bLo ax'bnLo sfn;Dd zf;sx¿n] blnt ;d'bfosf] efjL ;Defljt ljb|f]xnfO{ /f]Sg] /
cfºgf] slyt k|hftGqjfbL 5ljnfO{ b]vfpg] p2]Zosf ;fy k9]n]v]sf Psfw 6f7faf7f
blntx¿nfO{ k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf /f=k+=;=, dGqL jf ;f+;b\ agfP t/ blnt ;d'bfosf]
ztfAbLof}+sf] pTkL8Gf oyfjt g} /x\of] . t;y{ xfdLn] of] P]ltxfl;s
lj/f;taf6 kf7 l;Sb} h'g dg':d[ltåf/f
l;lh{t tyf j0f{jfbdf cfwfl/t pRr lxGb" a|fDx0fjfbL Pj+ ;fdGtL
/fHo;Qfn] xfdLnfO{ blnt agfPsf] 5, ToxL /fHo;Qfdf ;xefuL ePdf d'lQm x'G5 eGg'
7"nf] kfv08 l;jfo c? s'g} x'g} ;Sb}g eGg] s'/fnfO{ xfdLn] /fd|f];“u a'‰g'
h?/L 5 . juL{o ;dfhdf k|To]s ju{sf] cfºg} :jfy{ cg's"nsf] /fHo;Qf /
/fhgLlt x'g] ub{5, To;}cGtu{t ;DalGwt ju{n] cfºgf lxtx¿sf] ;+/If0f ug{
;Sb5 . clxn]sf] /fhtGqsf] j}rfl/s w/ftn cfbz{jfbdf cfwfl/t tyf
a|fDx0f–If]qL–7s'/Lsf] clwgfosTjdf ;+rflnt 5 . h'g /fHoJoj:yfn] blnt
;d'bfosf] ;d:ofsf] pTklQ u/L of] b'/fj:yfdf NofOk'¥ofof], ToxL /fHoJoj:yfaf6
blnt ;d'bfosf] d'lQm x'G5 eGg' k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfs} kIfkf]if0f ug'{l;jfo c¿ x'g}
;Sb}g . !$cf}+ ztfAbLdf ha j0ff{>d Joj:yfsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; ul/of],
Tolta]nfb]lv clxn] @!zf}+ ztfAbL;Dd cfOk'Ubf ;fdGtL /fHo;Qfn] blnt ;d'bfodfly
ckgfPsf] zf]if0fsf/L gLlt / b'Jo{jxf/nfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s ln+bf blnt
;d'bfonfO{ ljrf/, /fhgLlt / ;Qfaf6 cnUofP/ dfq zf/Ll/s >ddf nflbPsf] k|:6
x'G5 . ljutdf zf;sx¿n] of] ;d'bfonfO{ wd{ / z'4sf] gfddf zf]if0f ug]{
ub{y] eg] cfh blntx¿sf] r]tgfdf s]xL ljsf; ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ 3'dfp/f] kf/fn]
zf]if0f ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] blntx¿nfO{ /fhg}lts k|lt:kwf{ ug{ lbg]
s'/fx¿ klg ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ t/ cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts c;dfgtf oyfjt /fv]/
/fhg}lts k|lt:kwf{ x'g} ;Sb}g .
s= dfcf]
eGg'x'G5, æ/fHo;Qfafx]s c? ;a} e|d xf] .Æ jf:tjdf /fhgLlts ;Qf lgjuL{o x'g
;Sb}g . ;Qf hlxn] klg juL{o x'g] ub{5 . juL{o ;Qf /x];Dd juL{o
cGtlj{/f]w /lx/xG5 . xfd|f] b]z g]kfn ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s,
ax';f+:s[lts / If]qLo ljljwtf ePsf] d'n's klg xf] . oxf“ hghflt / ljleGg
wdf{jnDaL If]qLo ;d'bfonfO{ /fHo;Qfaf6 lj:yflkt u/]/ /fHoljxLg, ;QfljxLg /
clwsf/ljxLg u/fO{ cfGtl/s z/0ffyL{ agfOPsf] 5 . dlxnfnfO{ k'?ifsf] cw{bf;L
/ pkef]Uo j:t' agfOPsf] 5 eg] ;Lk–>d tyf sfnLu9L ePsf P]ltxfl;s
>ldsx¿nfO{ dg'jfbL j0ff{>dcg';f/ c5"t agfOPsf] 5 . o;/L
ax';+Vos pTkLl8t >dhLjL hgtfnfO{ cNk;+Vos pTkL8sx¿åf/f anft\ 9ª\un] ;Qf /
/fhgLltaf6 jl~rt ul/Psf] 5 eg] cem blnt ;d'bfodflysf] pTkL8gn] t emg\ k/fsfi7f
g} gf3]sf] 5 . blnt pTkL8g ;fdflhs–;f+:s[lts eP klg ;f/t M of] /fhg}lts,
cfly{s / ljrf/wf/fTds k|ltlaDj g} xf] . t;y{ dg':d[ltsf] lj/f;tnfO{
lg/Gt/tf lb+b} cfPsf] lxGb" j0ff{>d Joj:yfsf] d"n dfGotfdf cfwfl/t
;fdGtL Pj+ a|fDx0fjfbL /fHo;Qfsf] Wj+z g} blnt d'lQmsf] d'Vo cfwf/ xf] .
lsgls cflbd ;fDojfbL Joj:yfsf] g:6 u/L lghL ;DklQdf cfwf/Lt ju{ljeflht / juL{o
/fHo;Qfsf] pTklQ x'g' g} blnt ;d:ofsf] pTklQsf] z'?jft xf] . To;}n]
ljutb]lv g} P]ltxfl;s lj/f;tsf] ?kdf oyfl:yltjfb / ;'wf/jfbsf] 3]/fleq ?dln+b}
cfPsf] blnt cfGbf]ng g]kfnL qmflGtsf] ljlzi6tfdf dfn]dfjfbsf] k|of]usf] aLraf6
hlGdPsf] ljrf/–>[+vnf k|r08kynfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{ dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf]
dfu{lgb]{zgdf ljljw vfnsf ;+3{if;lxt cl3 al9/x]sf] 5 . ljutdf
k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿n] dfq geO{ ;+zf]wgjfbL / gj;+zf]wgjfbL Pj+ ;fd|fHojfbL / ef/tLo
lj:tf/jfbLsf u}/;/sf/L ;+3–;+:yfx¿n] klg blnt cfGbf]ngnfO{ /fhgLlts d'2feGbf
dfly p7]/ ljz'4 ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts gf/fx¿ lbP/ d"n ljifoj:t' ;Qf /
/fhgLltnfO{ cf]em]ndf kfg]{ k|oTg ub}{ / ;kmntf xft kfb}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ .
xfdL clxn] @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] lj1fgsf] o'udf 5f}+ . of] o'u ;j{xf/fju{sf]
ljho x'g] o'u klg xf] . xfdL !^cf}+ ztfAbLsf blnt geP/ @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf
dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kyåf/f n}; P]ltxfl;s ;j{xf/fju{ blnt ;d'bfo xf}+ . xfdLn]
lxhf]sf] /fhf dxf/fhfx¿n] xfd|f y'k|} k':tfx¿nfO{ /fhg}lts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs /
;f+:s[lts ?kn] 7u]sf] Oltxf; b]v]sf 5f}+ / cdfgjLo Pj+ cToGt 3[l0ft k|yf /
Jojxf/ ef]lu;s]sf 5f}+ . lxGb" j0ff{>d Joj:yfsf] d"n dfGotfdf
cfwfl/t of] k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfsf] ;d"n gi6 u/]/ To;sf] ;§fdf
ztfAbLof}+b]lv pTkL8gdf kb}{ cfO/x]sf cflbjf;L–hghflt, dlxnf, blnt ;d'bfo,
ljleGg efiffefifL tyf wdf{jnDaL Pj+ If]qLo pTkL8gdf k/]sf ;d'bfox¿sf]
k|ltlglwTj x'g] hgtfsf] hgjfbL /fHo;Qf k|fKt u/]/ dfq ;a} pTkLl8t hg;d'bfosf]
d'lQm ;Dej x'G5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ xfdLn] /fd|f];“u a'‰g h?/L 5 .
olta]nf
b]zsf *)Ü u|fdL0f e"–efux¿df hgtfsf] hgjfbL ;Qfsf] cEof; eO/x]sf] 5 .
gof“ ;Qf dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] j}rfl/s cfnf]sdf k|ltlqmofjfbL k'/fgf] ;Qfsf
vf]qmf ;}4flGts, /fhg}lts, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, g}lts tyf ljlw;Ddt k'“hLjfbL
k|hftflGqs k|0ffnL Pj+ To;df cfwfl/t ;Dk"0f{ cfbz{, d"No tyf dfGotfx¿nfO{
gfË]emf/ kfb}{ hftLo :jfoQtf / cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ k|bfg ub}{ cl3 al9/x]sf]
5 . ztfAbLof}+b]lv k5fl8 kfl/Psf] cflbjf;L hghfltx¿nfO{ hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df
;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj / blnt tyf dlxnfx¿nfO{ ljz]if clwsf/sf] gLlt gof“ ;Qfn]
Jofjxfl/s ?kn] nfu" ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] pTkLl8t
ju{ / hfthflt Pj+ hghflt tyf dlxnf / blntx¿k|lt x]g]{ ;xL b[li6sf]0fs} sf/0f
gof“ ;Qfdf tL ;d'bfosf] pNn]vgLo ;xeflutf b]lvG5 . xfn b]zdf :yflkt ePsf]
s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/sf] k|f?k ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb\, g]kfnb]lv If]qLo :jfoQ
hg;/sf/ x'“b} lhNnf / :yfgLo ;Qf;Dd blnt ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf pNn]vgLo /x]sf] 5
eg] hgd'lQm ;]gfdf klg la|u]8 ;xsdf08/sf] :t/;Dd / blnt dlxnf -hf] ;fdGtL
;Qfaf6 juL{o, hftLo / lnËLo u/L t]x/f] zf]if0fdf k/]sf 5g\_ sf] sDkgL sld;f/ /
sdf08/ :t/;Dd kx'“r k'u]sf] 5 . k'/fgf] ;Qfn] blnt ;d'bfonfO{ ;]gfdf egf{
lng] ub}{g t/ hgd'lQm ;]gfdf eg] blnt dlxnfx¿sf] ;xeflutf / ljsf; /fd|f]
b]lvG5 . of] klg blnt ;d'bfosf] nflu u'0ffTds 5nfË g} dfGg' kb{5 .
gof“ ;Qfn] blnt ;d'bfosf] /fhgLlts tyf j}rfl/s If]qdf u'0ffTds ljsf; u/]sf]] 5
eg] cfly{s If]qdf klg ljleGg ;xsf/Ldfkm{t ljsf;sf] k|lqmofdf g} b]lvG5 .
;fdflhs–;f+s[lts If]qdf klg qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0f ePsf] 5 . ;+:s[lt ;dfhsf]
/fhg}lts tyf cfly{s Joj:yfsf] ljrf/wf/fTds k|ltlaDa ePsf] x'“bf nfdf] ;dob]lv
;fdGtjfbL pTkL8g / k|ltufdL ;+:s[ltaf6 k|lzlIft / cEo:t x'“b} cfPsf] g]kfnL
;dfhsf] ;fdflhs kl/j]zdf 5f]6} ;dodf k|ltufdL ljrf/, efjgf, cfr/0f, ?lr,
;+:sf/, d"No, l;4fGt, b[li6sf]0f cflb gi6 x'“b} oL ;du| kIfdf gof“ ;+:s[lt
ljsf; x'g' ;sf/fTds kIf g} dfGg ;lsG5 . ;du|df x]bf{ gof“ ;Qf ;+rflnt
If]qx¿df hftLo 5'jf5"t / e]befj sl/asl/a cGTos} cj:yfdf b]lvG5 eg]
cGt/hftLo ljjfx klg sfo{stf{ k+lQmaf6 lj:tf/} hg:t/;Dd ;DkGg x'“b} uO/x]sf
5g\ . of] klg ;fdflhs–;f+:s[lts If]qdf csf]{ u'0ffTds pknlJw xf] .
blIf0f Pl;ofsf] ljlzi6 vfnsf] of]
;d:ofsf] pTklQ s;/L eof] eGg] s'/fnfO{ P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL b[li6sf]0faf6
a'em]/ ToxLcg';f/ xn ug'{ kb{5 . klxnf] s'/f t juL{o ;dfhdf /x]sf] juL{o
;Qfsf] pGd"nglagf ju{sf] cGTo x'g} ;Sb}g . lxGb" j0ff{>d
Joj:yfn] dg':d[ltnfO{ ;"qa4 u/]/ :yfkgf u/]sf] pRr a|fDx0fjfbdf cfwfl/t
;fdGtL /fHo;Qfn] blntsf] pTklQ u/]sfn] To:fnfO{ k"0f{tM Wj+z u/]/ To;sf]
;§fdf ;a} hflt, hghflt, dlxnf, blnt ljleGg wdf{jnDaL / If]qLo pTkL8gdf k/]sf
hg;d'bfonfO{ hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj / dlxnf tyf blntnfO{ cGo
pTkL8s ;d'bfo ;/x k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; gx'“bf;Dd ljz]if clwsf/
lbg] gof“ hgjfbL /fHo;Qf k|fKt u/]/ dfq blnt ;d'bfosf] k"0f{ d'lQm
x'g]5 . ljutdf blnt cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;'wf/jfb / oyfl:yltjfbs} 3]/fdf /fv]/
k'/fgf] k|ltufdL ;Qfs} kIfkf]if0f ug]{ ;Qfd'vL blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfbL k|j[lQ,
blnt cfGbf]ngnfO{ /fhgLlteGbf dfly p7]/ ljz'4 cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts d'2f
agfP/ blnt ;d'bfonfO{ /fhgLltaf6 lgtfGt cnufjdf /fVg] u}/;/sf/L ;+3–;+:yfsf]
e+8'jf ljsf;jfbL k|j[lQ / ;+3if{åf/f g} d'lQm ;+ej x'G5 eGg] j}1flgs dfn]dfjfbL
gLltsf] ljk/Lt s'07f, cs{d0otf / knfogd'vL k|j[lQx¿sf lj?4 j}rfl/s ;+3if{ ub}{
To;sf lj?4 cem pRr:t/af6 of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L blnt cfGbf]ngnfO{ cem z;Qm 9+un]
cufl8 a9fpg' kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvG5 . xfdLnfO{ P]ltxfl;s tYox¿n] s] k|:6
kf/]sf 5g\ eg] juL{o ;dfh /x];Dd ju{;+3if{ /lx/xG5, juL{o ;Qf /x];Dd juL{o
zf]if0fsf ljljw ?kx¿ klg oyfjt g} /xG5g\ . jf:tjdf blnt ;d:of klg juL{o /
wfld{s ;Qfsf] zf]if0fsf] Pp6f leGg / hf/L ?k xf] . of] ljlzi6 vfnsf]
;f+:s[lts ;d:of ePsf]n] of] ;f+:s[lts / /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngsf] lbzftkm{ xf“lsPsf]
x'G5 . t;y{ blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;du| juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ng;“u Psfsf/
u/]/ k'/fgf] ;fdGtL Pj+ a|fDx0fjfbL /fHo;Qf / p;sf cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts
If]qsf ;+j]bgzLn cËx¿df ;+3if{ s]lGb|t u/]/ Wj+z u/]kl5 dfq blnt ;d'bfosf]
d'lQmsf] cfwf/ v8f x'G5 . cfh k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qf rf}tkmL{ ;+s6df kb}{
lj36gsf] clGtd cj:yfdf 5 . Psftkm{ p;sf ;Dk"0f{ ;+/rgf / cfwf/x¿
qmdzM Wj+z x'“b} uO/x]sf 5g\ eg] csf]{tkm{ gof“ ;Qfsf ;+/rgf / cfwf/x¿ v8f
x'“b} uO/x]sf 5g\ . k'/fgf] ;fdGtL a|fDx0fjfbL /fHo;Qfsf] Wj+z / gof“
hgjfbL ;Qfsf] lgdf{0faf6 dfq cfd blnt ;d'bfosf] d'lQm x'g] s'/f P]ltxfl;s ?kn]
k|:6 ePsf] x'“bf olta]nf k|fKt pknlAwsf] /Iff ub}{ /fHo;Qf k|flKtsf] dxfg\
k|lqmofdf dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kynfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{ alnbfgLefjsf ;fy d'lQm o'4df
nfUg' P]ltxfl;s ;j{xf/fju{ blnt ;d'bfosf] P]ltxfl;s bfloTj ag]/ uPsf] 5 . v
;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf ;d:ofx?
ls/0f
ljifo k|j]z
;+:s[lt
eg]sf] ;DalGwt ;dfhsf] /fhgLlts tyf cfly{s Joj:yfsf] ljrf/wf/fTds k|ltlaDa
xf] . ;+:s[lt cGtu{t ljrf/, efjgf, cfr/0f, ?lr, ;+:sf/, d"No, l;4fGt,
b[li6sf]0fh:tf ljifo kb{5g\ . ;du|df eGg'kbf{ ;+:s[lt eg]sf] ;DalGwt
;dfhsf] ef}lts Pj+ cflTds d"Nosf] ;+Zn]if0f xf] . ju{;dfhdf o;k|sf/sf
d"Nox¿sf] rl/q juL{o x'g] ePsf]n] ;+:s[ltsf] rl/q klg juL{o x'G5 .
h;/L ;DalGwt ;dfhsf] /fhgLlt / cfly{s Joj:yfaf6 ;+:s[lt k|efljt x'G5, 7Ls To;/L
g} ;+:s[ltn] klg To; ;dfhsf] /fhgLlt / cy{Joj:yfnfO{ k|efljt kfb{5 . ;f/df
eGg'kbf{ ;+:s[lt /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngsf] lbzftkm{ xf“lsPsf] x'G5 .
;f+:s[lts
?kfGt/0fsf] ;d:of eg]sf] Ps ju{sf ljrf/, efjgf / ;+:s[ltsf] csf]{ ju{sf] ljrf/
efjgf / ;+:s[ltdf ?kfGt/0fsf] ;d:of xf] . o;nfO{ j}rfl/s, efjgfTds /
;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] ;d:of klg eGg ;lsG5 . jt{dfg cw{;fdGtL /
cw{cf}klgj]lzs g]kfnsf] 7f]; P]ltxfl;s cj:yfdf g]kfnL ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ngsf]
ceLi6 qmdzM gof“ hgjfbL, ;dfhjfbL / ;fDojfbL ;+:s[lt xf] . 7Ls To;} sf/0f
jt{dfg g]kfnL ;dfhdf o; k|sf/sf] ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0f gof“ hgjfbL / ;dfhjfbL
;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ngsf] b'O{ P]ltxfl;s r/0fsf aLraf6 ;DkGg x'G5 .
xfdLn]
h'g ;+:s[ltsf] ck]Iff u/]sf 5f}+, Tof] k|ltufdL / lgDg k“'hLjfbLx¿sf] ;f]+reGbf
lgtfGt leGg 5 . k|ltufdLx¿ >lds hgtfnfO{ x]Kb}, ;fDojfbsf] dxfg\\
cfbz{k|lt ljifjdg ub}{ hglj/f]wL ;Qf Pj+ Joj:yfsf] avfg ub}{ tyf zf]if0f
pTkL8g, /fHocft+s, hgxTofh:tf s'/fnfO{ hfoh 7fGb} slyt zflGt–;'Joj:yf,
d"NodfGotf, dof{bf / lzi6tfnfO{ cfbz{ ;+:s[ltsf] ?kdf lng] ub{5g\ .
xfdL To;nfO{ lgn{Hh 9f]+u / kfv08 atfp“5f}+ . k|ltlqmofjfbdf kltt
;+zf]wgjfbLx¿ cfd hgtf / sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ e|ldt kfb}{ dxfg\ hgo'4sf lj?4 ljifjdg
ub}{ tyf ju{b'Zdgx¿;“u 3f“6L hf]8\b} ;Qf ;'vef]u, JolQmut dxTjfsf+Iff / t'R5
:jfy{k"lt{sf vflt/ r/d JolQmjfbL tyf ax'njfbL k|lt:kwf{df Psn] csf]{nfO{
k5fg{ ;Sg'nfO{ pRr ;+:s[lt 7fGg] ub{5g\ . xfdL To;nfO{ cg]sf}+ j}rfl/s
k|b"if0f, ljs[lt / lj;+ultn] b'u{lGwt gLrtf / u2f/Lsf] ;+:s[lt
eGb5f}+ . To:t} blIf0fk+yL / gj;+zf]wgjfbLx¿ k|ltufdL tŒj;“u efsf ldnfp“b}
dxfg\\ hgo'4nfO{ c/fhstfjfb Pj+ u'08fubL{sf] ;+1f lb+b} ;+;b\jfbL ;'wf/jfbL
;+:s[ltsf] k'k{If ub{5g\ . xfdL To;nfO{ oyfl:yltjfbL sfo/tfjfbL ;+:s[lt
eGb5f}++ . xfdL h'g ;+:s[ltsf] ck]Iff ub{5f}+, Tof] ;j{xf/fju{sf]
ju{;+3if{sf] pGgt r]tgf, hgd'lQmsf] dxfg\\ cfbz{ / jlnbfgsf] pbfQ efjgfåf/f
clek|]l/t tyf ;+Zn]lift gof“ ;+:s[lt xf] / o;sf] ljsf; tdfd k|sf/sf pTkL8g,
u2f/L / gLrtfsf lj?4 n8]/ x'g;Sb5 .
xfdL
dxfg\\ hgo'4sf aLraf6 g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ef}lts Pj+ ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmofdf
b[9tfsf;fy ;+nUg eO/x]sf 5f}+ . of] a]nf xfd|f ;fd' cg]sf}+ ;f+:s[lts
r'gf}tL v8f 5g\ . gof“ hgjfbL ;f+:s[lts :j?k / lbzf s:tf] x'G5 < o;nfO{
g]t[Tj k|bfg ug]{ /fhgLlts zlQmsf] ;+:s[lt :jo+ s:tf] aGg'kb{5 < ;f+:s[lts
?kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmof s] xf] < oL xfd|f nflu ljz]if Wofg lbgof]Uo k|Zgx¿ x'g\
/ logsf] ;xL ;dfwfg ub}{ hfgsf nflu xfdLn] ljz]if k|oTg ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf
5 .
gof“ hgjfbL ;+:s[lt
cfhsf]
g]kfndf k|ltufdL / gof“ hfjfbL ;+:s[ltaLr eLif0f ;+3if{ rls{/x]sf] 5 .
k|ltufdL ;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0f ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf] ld>0faf6 ePsf] 5 eg]
hgjfbL ;+:s[lt g]kfnL hgtfsf] P]ltxfl;s ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/f / cGt/f{li6«o
;j{xf/fju{sf] qmflGtsf/L ;f+:s[lts ;+Zn]if0faf6 ag]sf] 5 . oL b'O{
;+:s[ltdf k|ltufdL ;+:s[lt lbgk|ltlbg ;+s6u|:t aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 eg] gof“
hgjfbL ;+:s[lt cfºgf] pHHjn eljio;lxt ljsl;t eO/x]sf] 5 . gof“ hgjfbL
;+:s[lt dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] kyk|bz{g / ;j{xf/f g]t[Tjdf cfwfl/t
;fdGtjfb–;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL cfd hgtfsf] ;+:s[lt xf] . o;sf] cGt/j:t'
hgjfbL, /fli6«o / j}1flgs /x]sf]
5 .
gof“
hgjfbL ;+:s[lt ;fdGtjfbsf lj?4 v8f 5 . g]kfnL ;fdGtjfb lxGb" wfld{s
dtjfb, /fhtGq / a|fDx0fjfbsf ?kdf cleJoQm x'“b} cfPsf] 5 . cfd g]kfnL
hgtfsf] ef}lts / j}rfl/s phf{ nfdf] ;dob]lv o;} ;fdGtjfbL pTkL8gaf6 uDeL/ ?kdf
Ift–ljIft x'“b} cfPsf] 5 . of] ;+:s[lt efUojfb, dfofjfb, cjtf/jfb,
k'/f]lxtjfb, k'gh{Gdjfb, wfld{s cGwljZjf;, hftkft, 5'jf5"t h:tf cg]sf}+
k|b"if0fx¿n] el/Psf] 5 . o;n] dlxnfx¿nfO{ canf / ef]Uof 7fGg]
ub{5 . o;n] tdfd hghfltx¿nfO{ j}Zo / blnt hfltnfO{ z"b|sf] bhf{df
/fv]/ 3f]/ pTkL8g u/]sf] 5 . ;flxTo, snf, lzIff / ;+:s[ltsf] If]qdf cem}
;fdGtL clehfTojfbnfO{ k|>o lbg] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfn ax'hftLo,
ax'eflifs / ax';f+:s[lts b]z eP/ klg oxf“ lxGb" wd{, v; efiff / ltgsf]
;+:s[lt nfb\g] sfd x'“b} cfPsf] 5 . ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] k'gM:yfkgf otf ag]sf]
;+ljwfgdf klg ltg} k'/fgf dfGotfx¿nfO{ sfod} /flvPsf] 5 . of] l:yltdf
hflt, lnË, hft, wd{, efiff nufot ;d:t e]befjsf] cGTo, /fhg}lts tyf cfly{s
If]qdf k"0f{ hgjfb, hftLo cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] :jLs[lt tyf hftLo, If]qLo
:jfoQtfh:tf ljifox¿ gof“ hgjfbL
;+:s[lt;“u 3lgi7 ?kn] cfa4 aGg uPsf 5g\ . t;y{ cfd g]kfnL hgtf, dlxnf hut,
hghflt / blnt hfltsf] ;fdGtL clwgfosjfbaf6 d'lQm / hgjfbsf] :yfkgf cfhsf]
;f+:slts ?kfGt/0fsf] s]Gb|Lo ;d:of aGg uPsf] 5 . 7Ls To;}sf/0f cfh xfdLn]
;flxTo snf, ;+:s[ltnufot ljrf/wf/fsf ;a} If]qdf ;fdGtjfbsf] lj/f]w / hgjfbsf]
kIfdf ;zQm cfjfh p7fpg h?/L 5 .
gof“
hgjfbL ;+:s[lt ;fd|fHojfbsf] lj?4 v8f 5 . g]kfnsf] /fli6«o cl:dtf :jfwLgtf
/ cv08tfsf lj?4 cfly{s, /fhgLlts, ;f+:s[lts ;a} If]qdf nfdf] ;dob]lv ;fd|fHojfb
Pj+ ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf] hah{:t x:tIf]k tyf pTkL8g sfod /lxcfPsf] 5 .
;flxTo / snfsf] kmf“6df a'h{'jf cfw'lgstfjfb / pQ/fw'lgstfjfbsf] x}sd a9fp“b}
nUg] sfd ePsf] 5 . ;fd|fHojfb g]kfndf cfºgf] Jofj;flos Pj+ ;f+:s[lts
>]i7tf :yflkt ug{ ;du| ljrf/wf/fTds If]qsf ;fy} 6L=eL, /]l8of], l;g]df,
k|sfzg nufotsf ljljw ;+rf/ ;fdu|Lx¿sf] sAhf Pj+ pkof]u u/]/ ;f+:s[lts k|e'Tjsf]
k~hf hdfO{ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ lg/fzf, s'07f, ljs[lt / xLgtfaf]wsf] lzsf/ agfp“b}
qmflGtljd'v t'Nofpg] w[i6tf ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . zf]ifs ju{sf] s'/f 5f]8f}+,
lgDgk'“hLjfbL gjwgf9\o ju{ / af}l4s ;d'bfodf klg cfkm"nfO{ ;Eo b]vfpgsf
nflu ;fd|fHojfbL rfnrng, lrGtg / z}nLnfO{ cfbz{sf ?kdf cg's/0f ug]{ afgL lgs}
t]lhsf;fy a9\b} uPsf] 5 . jf:tjdf cfh k|fs[lts ;|f]t, ;Dkbf / j}ej,
P]ltxfl;s cfbz{, snf, ;flxTo, ;+:s[lt x/If]qdf g]kfnLkg, df}lnstf / :jTjdfly
eLif0f cfqmd0f eO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnL :jTj ckx/0f ug]{ ;fd|fHojfb xfd|f nflu
>]i7 / cfbz{ aGg ;St}g . t;y{ of] l:yltdf xfdLn] ;f+:s[lts
;fd|fHojfbsf] rf}tkmL{ lj/f]w / b]zelQmsf] kIfdf ;zQm j}rfl/s Pj+ ;f+:s[lts
cfGbf]ng rnfpg h?/L 5 .
clxn]
g]kfndf ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb Psfsf/ ag]/ k]z ePsf 5g\ . t;y{ g]kfnL
;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ng klg ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 PsLs[t ag]/ k|:t't x'g
cfjZos 5 . ;fy} ljZj / g]kfndf klg ;+zf]wgjfbsf] Ps ljzfn lx:;f k|ltufdL alg;s]sf]
5 / xfdLn] To;sf lj?4 klg ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ng rnfpg h?/L 5 . cfh klZrdf
pQ/fw'lgstfjfbsf] lgs} laulauL 5 . tdfd ljs[t ;+zf]wgjfbLx¿ / lgDg
k'“hLjfbLx¿ o;sf JofVoftf aGg uPsf 5g\ . pQ/fw'lgstfjfb ;du|tfjfbL åGåfTds
Pj+ P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL ljZj b[li6sf]0fsf lj?4 ax'njfb, ljv08gjfb / z+sfjfbdf
cfwfl/t 5 . cfh o;sf] c;/ ;flxTo, snf / ;+:s[ltsf] If]qdf dfq xf]Og, b]zsf
s}of}+ dlxnf, blnt / hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf klg kb}{ uPsf] 5 .
pQ/fw'lgstfjfb ;f/df ;flxTo–snfsf] k'“hLjfbL cfw'lgstfjfbL l;4fGtsf] lj:tf/
x'g'sf] ;fy} ctLtd'vL ;f+:s[lts lrGtg klg xf] . zf]if0fd"ns Joj:yf /
;Qfdfly k|xf/ ug]{ axfgf u/]/ klg of] qmflGtsf/L ljrf/wf/fsf lj?4 v8f eO{
;fd|fHojfbsf] ;]js aGg uPsf] 5 . o; k|sf/sf] ljv08gjfb ækm'6fpm / /fh u/Æ
eGg] ;fd|fHojfbL lrGtgdf cfwfl/t 5 / xfdLn] To;sf lj?4 æ;Dk"0f{ pTkLl8t
hgtf Psh'6 xf]pm / gof“ hgjfbL ;Qf k|flKtsf nflu n8Æ eGg] s'/fdf hf]8
lbg'kb{5 .
b]zdf
ljsf; x'“b} uO/x]sf] hgo'4n] gof“ hgjfbL ;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0f / ljsf;sf k|lqmofdf
cg]sf}+ pynk'yn NofOlbPsf] 5 . o;n] b'Zdgdfly ef}lts / j}rfl/s b'j} ?kn]
lgd{d k|xf/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . x]lk+b} cfPsf hgtf Oltxf; cfºgf] xftdf lnP/
;+3if{df le8]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ dxfg\ cfbz{sf lglDt n8]sf 5g\ / s}of}+ :jo+
cfbz{ ag]sf 5g\ . d'lQmsf nflu n8\g' / zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ hLjgsf] d"Noaf]w
aGg uPsf] 5 . dxfg\ hgo'4sf aLraf6 hgtfdf kf/:kl/s ;b\efj, ;xof]u, d}qLefj
/ k|]dsf] ljsf; x'“b} uPsf] 5 . pgLx¿ qmflGtsf] cfjZostfcg'?k ;fd"lxs
>dsfo{ ug]{ cfºgf] ef}lts Pj+
j}rfl/s phf{nfO{ ljsl;t t'Nofpg] h:tf sfo{df leqL x[bob]lv g} ;+nUg aGb} cfPsf
5g\ . qmflGtk|lt lgi7f, b]zelQm, qmflGtsf/L cfzfjfbL b[li6sf]0f,
sl7gfOx¿sf] ;fdgf ug]{ Ifdtfh:tf s'/fdf hgtf b[9 x'“b} uPsf 5g\ . k'/fgf
;+:sf/ / cfr/0fsf lj?4 x/If]qdf gjLgtfsf] ljsf; x'“b} uO/x]sf] 5 . hgo'4
l;lh{t gof“ oyfy{nfO{ ;flxTo / snfdf ;zQm 9+un] cleJoQm ug]{ sfd x'“b} uO/x]sf]
5 . ;f/df eGg'kbf{ k'/fgf] hh{/ ;+:s[ltsf] Wj+z / gof“ ;Dd'Ggt ;+:s[ltsf]
lgdf{0fdf hgtf lqmofzLn aGb} uO/x]sf 5g\ .
jf:tjdf
gof“ hgjfbL ;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0f / ljsf; o;/L g} x'g ;Sb5 . xfdLn] ck]Iff
u/]sf] gof“ hgjfbL ;+:s[lt cGtu{t d"ntM wd{lg/k]Iftf / wfld{s :jtGqtf,
j}1flgs lrGtgsf] k|;f/0f / hftLo, lnËLo, eflifs e]befjsf] cGTo tyf ;a} If]qdf
;dfg clwsf/, hgjfbL lzIff >d / >lds hgtfk|lt ;Ddfg hgtfsf] ef}lts Pj+
cflTds phf{sf] ljsf;sf nflu ;d'lrt :j:y cfr/0fsf] lgjf{x, hgtfaLr kf/:kl/s ;xof]u
;Ddfg, ;b\efj tyf k|]d, b]zelQmsf] efjgf, cGt/f{li6«o ;j{xf/f tyf pTkLl8t
hgtfk|lt d}qLefj / hgjfbL ;flxTo snfsf] ljsf;h:tf s'/fx¿ kb{5g\ . oL ;a}
s'/fx¿ /fhg}lts / cfly{s If]qdf ul/g] ?kfGt/0f;“u cleGg ?kn] uf“l;Psf
x'G5g\ . clGtd cy{df gof“ hgjfbL ;+:s[lt ;dfhjfbL ;+:s[ltsf] cleGg c+u xf]
/ Tof] To;} lbzftkm{ k|jflxt ePsf] x'G5 .
kf6L{leq ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0f
gof“
hgjfbL ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0f / kf6L{ leqL ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0faLr u'0ffTds cGt/
5 . gof“ hgjfbL ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0f ;fdGtjfb–;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL ;f+:s[lts
?kfGt/0f xf] t/ hals kf6L{ leqL ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0f To;k|sf/sf] gof“ hgjfbL
;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf nflu g]t[Tj k|bfg ug]{ ;j{xf/fju{sf] /fhgLlts zlQmsf]
;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0f xf] . jf:tjdf kf6L{sf] cfGtl/s ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0f
;fdGtjfb–;fd|fHojfb tyf ;+zf]wgjfbsf lj?4 ;j{xf/f ;+:s[lt /
dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] b[9 cjnDagdf cfwfl/t x'G5 / o; cy{df g]t[Tjsf/L
zlQm ;f+:s[lts ?kd} w]/} g} pRr Pj+ ;Dd'Ggt x'g h?/L 5 .
s}of}+
dflg;x¿ kf6L{sf] ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fnfO{ w]/} ;/n 9+un] lng] ub{5g\ . pgLx¿
Pp6f ;fdfGo cfrf/;+lxtf tof/ kf/]/ kf6L{sf] ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0f ug{ ;lsg] s'/f
7fGb5g\ . s;}–s;}n] t of] klg ;f]Rb5g\ ls Psk6s ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0f ePkl5
Tof] sfd ;bfsf nflu k"0f{ x'G5 t/ jf:tjdf s'/f Tolt ;lhnf] 5}g .
ha;Dd ;dfhdf ju{ x'G5g\ / ju{;+3if{ rN5g\, ta;Dd kf6L{sf] cl:tTj eO/xG5 /
kf6L{sf] cl:tTj eO/x“bf;Dd ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] ;d:of klg k}bf eO/xG5 .
ha ju{, ju{;+3if{, ;j{xf/fju{sf] clwgfosTj ;a} ;dfKt x'G5g\ / ;dfhjfbn]
;fDojfbdf km8\sf] df5{, Tof] a]nf kf6L{ klg /xGg / To;}a]nf dfq kf6L{sf] ;f+:s[lts
?kfGt/0fsf] k|ZgnfO{ lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] k|Zg;“u cleGg ?kdf hf]8]/ u|x0f
ug'{k5{ . ;fy} o; k|ZgnfO{ xfdLn] ;fdflhs ljsf;k|lqmof / qmflGtsf 7f];
r/0fsf cj:yfx¿df cfwfl/t /xL lg/Gt/ k}bf eO/xg] hl6ntfsf aLraf6 xn ub}{ hfg'
kb{5 . jf:tjdf kf6L{leqsf] ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] k|Zg hgo'4 / ju{;+3if{sf]
;fk]Iftfdf cGt/;+3if{ / b'O{ nfOg;+3if{sf k|lqmofx¿;“u 3lgi7 ?kn] uf“l;Psf]
x'G5 .
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