c=g]=d=;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] d'v–kq
dlxnf Wjlg
-aif{– @%, c+s–!, @)^@ ;fpg_
;+sng÷n]vg
n]vgfy Gof}kfg]
k|sfzsM
c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_
s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt
s[lt M dlxnf Wjlg
k|sfzs M
c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_
s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt
;jf{lwsf/ M
k|sfzsdf
ldlt M
!) ;fpg, @)^@
k[i7;+Vof M
!!@
k|lt M
!%,))) -kGw| xhf/_
d"No M
¿= @)÷–
Mahila
Dhoni
;dk{0f
g]kfnL hgd'lQm cfGbf]ng /
dlxnf d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf nflu pRr ;fx; / jL/tfsf ;fy b'ZdgnfO{ r'gf}tL lb+b}
cfºgf] cd"No hLjgsf] alnbfg ug{' x'g] xfd|f] ;+u7g c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_
sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? ;'ldqf l3ld/], dfof ef6, OlGb/f ltjf/L, s'df/L du/, zzLsnf
zdf{, ;Ldf rf}w/L, h;f]bf sGbªjfnufot hgd'lQm cfGbf]ngsf ;Dk"0f{ cfb/0fLo
jL/ zxLbx?k|lt ;dk{0f .
c=g]=d=;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_
s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt
;DkfbsLo
@!cf}+ ztfAbLdf klg !^cf}+, !*cf}+
ztfAbLsf] r]tgfn] /fHo;Qf ;~rfng ul//fv]sf] g]kfnL ;fdGtL lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf]
lj?4 g]=s=kf=
-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g]t[Tjdf ;~rflnt hgtfsf] hgo'4 /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf
cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . /fHo;Qfafx]s c¿ ;a e|d xf] eGg] dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft\
u/L g]kfnL hgtfn] cfºgf] efUosf] km};nf cfkm} ug{ k|ltlqmofjfbL kmfl;i6 ;Qfn]
rnfPsf] bdg cleofgdf ;of}+sf] a]kQf, oftgf, anfTsf/, n"6kf6 / cfuhgLh:tf
sxfnL nfUbf kL8fx¿ ef]Ug / k|lt/f]w ug{ klg kl5 k/]gg\, bz xhf/eGbf a9L g]kfnL
cfdfsf xf]gxf/ jL/ 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿nfO{ u'dfpg klg kl5 k/]gg\ . o;/L g]kfnL
pTkLl8t hgtfn jL/tf, Tofu, alnbfgsf pRr sLlt{dfg\x¿ sfod ub{} ljZjnfO{ g}
cfºgf] kl/ro lbg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . g]kfnL hgtfn] s]xL rLh kfpgnfO{ s]xL rLh
u'dfpg' k5{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ ulx/f] u/L cfTd;ft\ u/]sf] k'li6 ePsf] 5 . oxL
pRr ljrf/ / efjgfsf] sf/0f g]kfndf k'/fgf d"No–dfGotfx¿ elTsPsf 5g\,
k'/fgf] ;]gf / ;Qf elTsPsf] 5 / gof“ d"No–dfGotfx¿ / gof“ ;]gf / ;Qf
:yflkt ePsf] 5 .
olta]nf d'Vo u/L @ ;Qf / @ ;]gfaLr
eLif0f 6Ss/ eO/x]sf] 5 . k'/fgf] ;fdGtL lg/+s'z ;Qf / ;]gf xfonsfon
eO/x]sf] 5 eg] hg;Qf / hgd'lQm ;]gf ljsf;dfg k|lqmofdf cufl8 a9]sf] 5 .
To;}n] Psflt/ ;fdGtL lg/+s'z /fhtGqnfO{ l6sfpg ;fdGtjfbL, lj:tf/jfbL /
;fd|fHojfbLx¿ ljleGg hfne]mn / if8\oGq ul//x]sf 5g\ eg] csf{lt/ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
sf] g]t[Tjdf ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL hgtfn] /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fnfO{ ;kmn kfg{ /
s]Gb|Lo ;Qf k|fKt ug{ hf]8bf/ ?kdf nfluk/]sf 5g\ . of] kl/k|]Iodf g]kfnL
pTkLl8t dlxnfx¿sf] sf“wdf klg gof“ lhDd]jf/L / sfo{ef/x¿ ylkPsf 5g\ .
hftLo, If]qLo, ln+uLo pTkL8g klg juL{o pTkL8gsf] kl/lwleq kg{] c+zut pTkL8g
ePsf]n] juL{o d'lQmlagf s'g} klg d'lQm ;Dej 5}g eGg] dfGotfsf ;fy cufl8 a9]sf]
g]kfnL dlxnf d'lQm cfGbf]ng jt{dfg / eljiodf klg oxL dfGotfsf ;fy cufl8 a9\g]
s'/fdf :ki6 5 . km]l/ klg jt{dfg cj:yfdf dlxnfx¿sf] sf“wdf cfPsf] gof“
sfo{ef/ gof“ lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ / gof“ r'gf}tLx¿sf] ;fdgf ub{} gof“
;DefjgfnfO{ r'Dgsf] lgldQ ljrf/ / /fhgLltdf dfly p7\g / Jojxf/df xf]ldg h?/L
5 .
cfh ljZj;fd|fHojfbn] ;+;f/nfO{ ;xL
b[li6sf]0f / ;xL ljrf/af6 cnUofP/ ;"rgf–;+rf/, k|ljlw, wd{ / :j]lR5s of}g
k|]dsf] gfddf b'lgof“nfO{ ljs[t / e|i6 kfb{}5 . pTkLl8t hgtfsf]
ljb|f]xnfO{ dGb agfp“b}5 . dfG5]sf] ;f]Rg] ljrf/ ug{] lbdfunfO{ 6'qmf6'qmf
agfp“b}5 . o;sf] lj?4 n8\g g]kfnL hgtf / cfd pTkLl8t dlxnfx¿ ljrf/ /
Jojxf/ b'j}df s]Gb|Ls[t / PsLs[t eO{ g]kfnL qmflGt ;DkGg ug{], k|ltqmflGt
/f]Sg] / ljZjqmflGtsf] ;]jf ug{] g} @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] gof“ sfo{ef/ xf] .
of] sfo{ef/ k"/f ug{ dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] /Iff, k|of]u / ljsf; clgjfo{
5 .
w
ljifo–;"rL
;DkfbsLo -s_
n]v–/rgf
v08
!= ljrf/sf] ljsf;;“u dlxnf d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf]
;DaGw–sd/]8 k|r08 !
@= bz{gzf:qsf
s]xL HjnGt k|Zgx¿– s=/jLGb| >]i7 ^
#= qmflGtsf/L
dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] tTsflng sfo{ef/– kDkmf e';fn !!
$= @!cf}+
ztfAbLdf dlxnf d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] lbzf– hok'/L 3tL{ !*
%= qmflGtsf/L
dlxnf ;+u7g / g]t[Tj ljsf;sf] k|Zg– ozf]bf ;'j]bL @@
^= k|r08ky / dlxnf
d'lQm– sdnf /f]sf @^
&= /0fg}lts
k|Tofqmd0fdf dlxnfsf] e"ldsf– cd[tf yfkfdu/ #)
*= hgo'4 cl3 / kl5
g]kfnL dlxnfx¿sf] l:ylt– s=;'/Iff #(
(= dlxnf
cfGbf]ngsf] tTsflng ;d:of / ;dfwfg– bfdf zdf{ $^
!)= k}lqs ;DklQdf
;dfg clwsf/
Ps ;dLIffTds
l6Kk0fL– lvdnfn b]jsf]6f %#
!!= c=g]=d=;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_ sf] Ps jif{ /
o;sf] cfufdL
sfo{ef/–h'gs'df/L /f]sf du/ ^!
!@= s]Gb|Lo
sfof{nosf] lj:tfl/t a}7ssf] rrf{– ;fljqf u'?ª ^$
!#= dlxnf pTkL8gsf]
pb\ej, ljsf; / cGTo Ps rrf{– aGw' rGb &!
!$= hgd'lQm ;]gfdf
dlxnf ;xeflutf– r]tg s'“j/ &(
hLjgL–;+:d/0f v08
!%= zxLb s=dfof
ef6sf] hLjgL– ¿kf rf}w/L *#
!^= ljb]zdf a:g]
5f]/fnfO{ o'4df kms{g cfx\jfg-lr7L_– dg' x'dfufO{ *&
!&= jL/ zxLb s=
zf/bf >]i7sf] ;Demgfdf
kf]lvPsf b'O{
zAb– zf]ef s§]n (!
cGt/f{li6«o ;Gbe{
!*= dlxnf d'lQmsf]
nflu !( h'nfO{ !**( sf] cGt/f{li6«o dhb'/
dxflwj]zgdf
k]l/;df lbOPsf] efif0f– cg'jfb M zf]ef ($
jQmJo v08
!(= c=g]=d=;+3=
-qmflGtsf/L_ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltåf/f hf/L k|]; jQmJox¿ ((
ljrf/sf] ljsf;;“u dlxnf d'lQm
cfGbf]ngsf] ;DaGw
? s= k|r08, cWoIf,
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
;dfhdf
pTkfbs zlQm / ;fdflhs r]tgfaLrsf] cGtlg{e/tf / cGtlqm{of lg/Gt/ rln/x]sf]
x'G5 . pTkfbs zlQmsf] ljsf;sf ljleGg P]ltxfl;s r/0fdf ;fdfGotM
dflg;x¿aLrsf] cfk;L ;DaGw / ljz]iftM dlxnf / k'?ifaLrsf] ;DaGwsf] k|s[lt klg
km/s–km/s /x“b} cfPsf] 5 . t/ k|To]s gof“ r/0fsf] ljsf;;“u dflg;sf] ;r]t
k|oTg / ;+3if{ ckl/xfo{ /xG5 . oxL P]ltxfl;s tYoåf/f j:t' / r]tgfsf]
åGåfTds ;DaGw :ki6 x'g cfp“5 . cfh xfdL PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] ;+3f/df pleP/
;fdflhs qmflGt / dlxnf d'lQmsf] s'/f ul//x]sf 5f}+ . lj1fg / k|ljlwn]
ce"tk"j{ 5nfË dfb}{ pTkfbs zlQmsf] ljsf;nfO{ lgtfGt gof“ :t/df p7fO/x]sf]
jt{dfg kl/j]zdf ;fdflhs Gofo / :jtGqtfsf lgldQ ljrf/sf] j}1flgstfdf ;jf{lws
hf]8 lbOg} kb{5 .
Oltxf;sf]
j:t';+ut cg';Gwfg / To;sf] j}1flgs ef}ltsjfbL JofVofsf] k|lqmofn] o"/f]kdf
k'“hLjfbL cf}Bf]lus qmflGtsf] k|lqmof;“u} cu|ult lng yfNof] . !(cf}+
ztfAbLsf] dWolt/ cfOk'Ubf ;fdflhs hLjgsf ;du| If]qdf b"/ufdL k|efj kfg]{
j}1flgs ljrf/sf] ljsf; eof] . ;g\ !*$* sf] sDo'lgi6 3f]if0ff–kqdf sfn{
dfS;{ / k|m]8l/s PË]N;åf/f ;+Zn]lift åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL j}1flgs ljrf/n]
b'lgof“nfO{ a'‰g] / b'lgof“nfO{ abNg] c:qåf/f ;dfgtf / :jtGqtfk|]dL >dhLjL
dflg;x¿nfO{ ;';lHht u¥of] . ljrf/nfO{ cGw wfld{s s§/tf / ;dfhsf d'¶Le/
zf]ifs ju{sf] :jfy{k"0f{ JofVofsf] bnbnaf6 lgsfn]/ j}1flgs :j¿k k|bfg ug]{
k|lqmofn] Oltxf;, jt{dfg / eljiosf] JofVofdf ce"tk"j{ qmflGt lnP/
cfof] . oxL k|lqmofn] Oltxf;sf ljleGg sfnv08df dlxnfx¿sf] ;fdflhs l:yltsf]
;';+ut JofVof dfq u/]g, clkt' ;dfgtfsf] ckl/xfo{ efjL ¿k/]vf ;d]t k|:t't
u¥of] .
!*cf}+
ztfAbLsf] k'ghf{u/0f sfn;Dd klg dlxnfx¿ ;dfhsf] k|f/Deb]lv g} k'?ifsf bf;L
/x“b} cfPsf x'g\ eGg] lgtfGt cj}1flgs / k"jf{u|xk"0f{ wf/0ff k|rlnt
lyof] . ;fdfGotM !(cf}+ ztfAbL;Ddsf j}1flgs cg';Gwfg / ljz]if ¿kn] cd]l/sL j}1flgs df]u{gsf] $) jif{ nfdf]
cg';Gwfgaf6 k|dfl0ft tYox¿df 6]s]/ k|m]8l/s PË]N;n] …kl/jf/, lghL ;DklQ /
/fHosf] pTklQÚ gfdsf] o'ufGtsf/L /rgfdfkm{t\ ;dfhdf dlxnfju{sf] l:yltaf/]
lgtfGt df}lns / j}1flgs lgisif{ k|:t't ug'{eof] . cg';Gwfgaf6 lglj{jfb
¿kn] of] P]ltxfl;s tYo k|dfl0ft eof] ls ;dfhdf ju{x¿sf] pbok"j{sf]
dfgjhfltsf] nfdf] sfnv08df dft[;Qf ljBdfg lyof] . PË]N;n] of] cg';Gwfgsf]
dxŒjnfO{ :ki6 kfb}{ eGg'eof]– æ+;Eo dflg;x¿sf] lkt[;QfjfbeGbf klxn] dft[;Qfsf]
r/0f lyof] eGg] s'/fsf] k'gcf{ljisf/sf] cflbd ;dfhsf] Oltxf;df TolQ g} dxŒj
/x]sf] 5 hlQ hLjlj1fgsf] If]qdf 8flj{gsf] ljsf;;DaGwL l;4fGt / /fhg}lts
cy{zf:qsf] If]qdf dfS;{sf] cltl/Qm d"Nosf] l;4fGtsf] /x]sf] 5 . cflbd
;fDojfbL o'usf ¿kdf kl/eflift dft[;QfjfbL ;fdflhs r/0fsf] cfljisf/n] dlxnf
d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf nflu j}1flgs ljrf/sf] cfwf/zLnf v8f u¥of] . k|fs[lts
sf/0fn] …;dfhsf] cf/Deb]lv g} dlxnfx¿ k'?ifsf bf; x'g\Ú eGg] k|rlnt ;fdGtjfbL,
k|ltlqmofjfbL wf/0ffdfly of] cfljisf/n] zlQmzfnL ah|k|xf/ u¥of] .
dlxnf
d'lQmsf ;DaGwdf cfwf/e"t ¿kn] j}1flgs ljrf/sf] ljsf;sf] k"jf{wf/sf
¿kdf !*cf}+ ztfAbLsf] cGTolt/af6 ;'? ePsf] o"/f]ksf] cf}Bf]lus qmflGtsf]
k|lqmof /x]sf] tYonfO{ la;{g x'“b}g . …:jtGqtf, ;dfgtf / eft[TjÚ eGg]
k|l;4 clkncGtu{t cufl8 a9]sf] ;fdGtjfbsf lj?4sf] k'“hLjfbL qmflGtsf] nx/n]
k'ghf{u/0f / ts{;+ut 1fgsf] 9f]sf o"/f]kel/ v'n]/ uof] . cf}Bf]lus
qmflGtdf lj1fgsf gof“–gof“ cfljisf/n] v]n]sf] e"ldsfaf6 dflg;sf] r]tgfdf
;d]t qmflGt cfpg' :jfefljs lyof] . gof“ 1fg / ;+:s[ltnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ub}{
sfG6, x]u]n, kmfo/jfvh:tf bfz{lgs, j8{:jy{, z]nL, sL6\;h:tf slj, P8d\l:dy,
l/sf8f]{, hf]g:6'c6{ ldN;h:tf cy{zf:qL / rfN;{ 8flj{gh:tf j}1flgsx¿sf sLlt{n]
k'ghf{u/0fdf dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n] .
cf}Bf]lus
/ ljrf/wf/fTds qmflGtsf] oxL k|lqmofsf] k[i7e"ldaf6 dfS;{jfbsf] cg';Gwfg
eof] . lgZro g} cf}Bf]lus qmflGtsf] ;'?jft;“u} dlxnfx¿sf] xsclwsf/af/]
ax;sf] k|lqmof klg ;'? eof] . dlxnfx¿sf nflu lzIff, clwsf/ / ;fdflhs
:jtGqtfsf kIfdf hfu/0fsf] k|lqmof a[6]gdf lgs} cufl8 a9\of] . ;g\ !*#) sf]
k|l;4 rfl6{i6 cfGbf]ngdf dlxnfx¿sf] pNn]Vo ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . To;
cjlwsf] ;jf{lws dxŒjk"0f{ /fhg}lts d'2f dlxnfx¿sf nflu ;+;bLo lgjf{rgdf
dtflwsf/ k|fKt ug'{ lyof] . sl/a ;o jif{ nfdf] cgj/t ;+3if{ / j}1flgs ljrf/sf
¿kdf dfS;{jfbsf] cfljisf/ eP/ ;j{xf/f cfGbf]ngn] ult lng yfn]kl5 dfq dlxnfx¿n]
qmdzM ljleGg b]zdf dtflwsf/ k|fKt u/] . h;cg';f/ ;f]ljot ;+3df ;g\
!(!&, ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf ;g\ !(@), a[6]gdf ;g\ !(@*, hd{gLdf ;g\ !(!(,
k|mfG;df ;g\ !($$, O6fnLdf ;g\ !($% x'“b} cfh dlxnfx¿sf] dtflwsf/ cf}krfl/s
cy{df dfq eP klg sl/a ljZjel/ g} nfu" ePsf] 5 . t/ ;dfhjfbL ;f]ljot
;+3afx]s cGoqsf k'“hLjfbL ;QfcGtu{t dlxnfx¿nfO{ jf:tljs cy{df t s'/} 5f]8f}+,
sfg'gL cy{df;d]t ;dfgtf lyPg / clxn];Dd klg cgluGtL k|ltaGwx¿ sfod} 5g\ .
;dfgtf / :jtGqtf;DaGwL k'“hLjfbL kfv08sf] lvNnL p8fp“b} ;g\ !(!& sf] dxfg\
cS6'a/ ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] b'O{ jif{kl5 s= n]lggn] eGg'ePsf] lyof],
æ======zAbx¿df t k'“hLjfbL k|hftGqn] ;dfgtf / :jtGqtfsf] k|lt1f ub{5, t/
Jojxf/df eg] s'g} Pp6f klg a'h'{jf u0ftGq, ;a}eGbf ljsl;t elgg]df ;d]t
dfgjhfltsf] cfwf lx:;f dlxnfx¿nfO{ k'?if;/x k"0f{ sfg'gL clwsf/ lbPsf
5}gg\ g Toxf“ k'?ifpTkL8g / ;+/IfsTjaf6 g} :jtGqtf 5 . =====b'O{ jif{s}
cjlwdf o"/f]ksf] ;a}eGbf lk5l8Psf] b]zdf ;f]ljot ;Qfn] dlxnfx¿sf] d'lQm
tyf k'?if;/x ;dfgclwsf/ k|bfg ug]{ k|Zgdf ;a} ljsl;t, ;Eo / k|hftflGqs elgg]
u0ftGqx¿n] Ps ;o tL; jif{df u/]eGbf w]/} a9L sfd u/]sf] 5 .Æ
k'“hLjfbL
qmflGtsf] nx/n] ljrf/dGyg / ljrf/sf] ljsf;sf nflu k"jf{wf/sf] e"ldsf
v]n] klg k'“hLklt ju{sf] gfkmf s'DNofpg] JolQmut :jfy{sf sf/0f Tof] Pp6f lglZrt
;LdfeGbf cufl8 hfg ;Qm}gYof] / uPg klg . cf}Bf]lus qmflGtdfkm{t\ cfºg}
lrxfg vGg] cfw'lgs ;j{xf/fju{sf] ljzfn kmf}hnfO{ hGd lbg k'u]sf k'“hLkltx¿n]
cGttM ljrf/sf] ljsf;nfO{ aGWofs/0f u/L ;dfhnfO{ cGofo, cTofrf/, ljs[lt /
lj;+ultsf] ´g\ eofgs rqmdf km;fO5f8\Øf] . P]ltxfl;s b[li6n] ;dfgtf /
:jtGqtfsf] ´08f p7fp“b} ljrf/nfO{ ;';+ut lj1fgsf] :t/df p7fpg] lhDd]jf/L
;j{xf/fju{sf] sf“wdf cfof] . Oltxf;sf] o;} cfjZostfnfO{ kl/k"lt{ ub}{
;j{xf/fju{sf >]i7td k|ltlglw sfn{ dfS;{ / k|m]8l/s PË]N;x¿af6 ;j{xf/f
qmflGtsf] lj1fgsf ¿kdf dfS;{jfbsf] cg';Gwfg u/L ;fDojfbsf] dxfg\ cfbz{;lxt
dfgjhfltsf] jf:tljs d'lQmsf] lbzflgb]{z ug]{ sfd eof] .
dfS;{jfbn]
dlxnfd'lQmsf] k|ZgnfO{ ju{;+3if{sf] k|Zg;“u hf]8]/ lgtfGt gof“ sfo{ef/ k|:t't
u¥of] . PË]N;n], ædft[;Qfsf] ktg dlxnfx¿sf] ljZjP]ltxfl;s k/fho
lyof] . k'?ifåf/f 3/df klg /fh sfod ul/of] / dlxnfx¿nfO{ dgf]/~hgsf] ;fwg,
s]jn aRrf hGdfpg] d]zLg / k'?ifsf] bf;sf] :t/df cjd"Nog / ckdflgt ul/of]Æ
eGg'eof] . of] cj:yfaf6 d'lQm ta;Dd ;Dej 5}g, ha;Dd l;+uf] ;dfhsf ;a}
pTkLl8t ;d'bfo;“u dlxnf cfGbf]ngnfO{ hf]8]/ n}hfg ;lsGg eGg] :ki6 k|:yfkgf
dfS;{jfbn] cl3 ;f¥of] . dlxnfju{sf cfwf/e"t ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{
dfS;{jfbn] ha;Dd dlxnfx¿ 3/leqsf] r'nf]rf}sf]af6 lgSn]/ ;fdflhs ¿kn] pkof]uL
pTkfbg lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg aGg] k|lqmof cufl8 a9\b}g, ta;Dd jf:tljs d'lQm xfl;n
x'g ;Qm}g eGg] tYonfO{ :ki6 u¥of] .
o;/L
dfS;{jfbsf ¿kdf ;dfhsf ;a} pTkLl8t ju{sf] d'lQmsf] lbzfaf]w ug]{ j}1flgs
ljrf/sf] cfwf/zLnf v8f ePkl5 cGo tKsfsf ;fy} dlxnf cfGbf]ngn] klg gof“ ult lng
yfNof] . ;g\ !*^$ df sfn{ dfS;{sf] k|ToIf kxn / g]t[Tjdf dhb'/x¿sf]
cGt/f{li6«o ;+3 -klxnf] cGt/f{li6«o_ sf] u7g ePkl5 pxf“n] To;} ;+:yfdfkm{t\
dlxnf clwsf/sf] pb\3f]if ug'{eof] . klxnf] cGt/f{li6«on] g} klxnf] k6s
dhb'/ ;+u7gdf dlxnfx¿sf nflu ;dfg clwsf/sf] 3f]if0ff u¥of] . To;kl5 g}
dhb'/x¿sf cfly{s / /fhg}lts ;+3if{x¿df dlxnfx¿ klg ;+ul7t ¿kn] ;lqmo / ;xefuL
aGg] k|lqmof a9]/ uof] . k|f/Dedf :jfefljs ¿kn] of] qmd o"/f]kdf
d'VotM k|mfG;, hd{gL / a[6]gh:tf b]zx¿sf] dhb'/ cfGbf]ngdf JoQm eof] .
dlxnfx¿s} kxn / g]t[Tjdf 7"n7"nf x8\tfnx¿sf] cfof]hgf x'g],
xhf/f}+sf] ;+Vofdf klxnf] cGt/f{li6«osf] ;dy{gdf k|bz{g x'g] k|lqmofn] tLj|tf
ln+b} uof] .
k]l/;
sDo"gsf gfdn] k|l;4 ;g\ !*&! sf] &@ lbgdfq /x]sf] klxnf] ;j{xf/f
;Qfsf] nflu ePsf] P]ltxfl;s ljb|f]xdf dlxnfx¿sf] ;xeflutf, Tofu / alnbfg
ce"tk"j{ /x]sf] lyof] . k]l/; sDo"gsf nflu ;uj{ cfºgf]
hLjgsf] alnbfg ug]{ c;+Vo dlxnfx¿sf] kxnsbdLnfO{ sfn{ dfS;{n] …k|mfG;df u[xo'4Ú
gfdsf] cfºgf] k|l;4 /rgfdf d'Qms07n] k|;+zf ug'{ePsf] 5 .
j}1flgs
;dfhjfbsf] ljrf/sf] ljsf; / dhb'/ cfGbf]ngsf] tLj|tf;“u} ju{;r]t dlxnfx¿af6
dxfg\ sDo'lgi6 dlxnf g]tfx¿sf] ljsf; x'gyfNof] . ;fdfGo dhb'/ cfGbf]ngsf
;fy} sfdbf/ dlxnfx¿df ju{r]tgf hufpg] sfo{df c;fwf/0f of]ubfg ug]{ dlxnf
sDo'lgi6 g]tfdWo] Snf/f h]6\lsgsf] gfd cu|k+lQmdf cfp“5 . dfS;{jfbsf
;xk|jt{s k|m]8l/s PË]N;sf] k|ToIf ;xof]u / lgb]{zgdf Snf/f h]6\lsgn] ;g\ !**(
df bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«osf] u7gdf dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf dfq v]Ng'ePg, clkt'
dlxnf clwsf/;DaGwL k|:tfj;d]t k|:t't ug'{eof] . Snf/f h]6\lsgs} g]t[Tjdf
bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«odf ;xefuL hd{g k|ltlglwx¿n] dlxnf k|rf/ cfof]usf] u7g u/]/
cfGbf]ngnfO{ Jojl:yt kfg]{ k|oTg u/] . o;} l;nl;nfdf ;fdflhs hgjfbL klqsf
lgsfNg yflnof] . @% jif{;Dd To;sf] ;Dkfbg ug]{ sfd Snf/faf6 g} ePsf]
lyof] . dlxnf dtflwsf/sf kIfdf Snf/fn] u/]sf] ;+3if{ clåtLo /x]sf]
5 . Snf/fs} ;lqmotf / g]t[Tjdf ;g\ !()& df hd{gLsf] :6'6uf8{df klxnf]
cGt/f{li6«o ;dfhjfbL dlxnf ;Dd]ng ;DkGg eof] . Tof] P]ltxfl;s cGt/f{li6«o
;Dd]ngn] Snf/f h]6\lsgnfO{ ;+u7gsf] dxf;lrj lgjf{lrt u¥of] . s= n]lggn]
:6'6uf6{ ;Dd]ng / To;sf k|:tfjsf kIfdf hf]8bf/ jsfnt ug'{ePsf] 5 . ;g\
!(!) df bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«o ;dfhjfbL dlxnf ;Dd]ng 8]gdfs{sf] sf]k]gx]ugdf ;DkGg
eof] . To;sf] dxf;lrj klg Snf/f h]6\lsg g} lgjf{lrt x'g'eof] . o;}
;Dd]ngn] cfh ljZjk|l;4 ag]sf] * dfr{nfO{ …cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj;Ú sf
¿kdf dgfpg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof] . Snf/f h]6\lsgn] csL{ dlxnf g]tf /f]hf
nShDau{;“u ldn]/ ;fd|fHojfbL o'4sf] lj/f]w / ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf kIfdf Jofks
cleofg rnfpg' ePsf] lyof] . ¿;L qmflGtsf kIfdf Snf/fn] u/]sf] k|rf/
clj:d/0fLo /x]sf] 5 .
¿;df
;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] ;kmntfkl5sf] klxnf] dlxnf lbj;df s= n]lggn] 3f]if0ff
ug'{eof] ls ædlxnfx¿sf] ;xeflutflagf hg;d'bfonfO{ /fhgLltdf tfGg c;Dej 5– lsgls
k'“hLjfbcGtu{t dfgjhfltsf] cfwf lx:;f dlxnfju{ bf]xf]/f] pTkL8gdf /x]sf
x'G5g\ . dhb'/ / ls;fg dlxnfx¿ k'“hLåf/f dfq pTkLl8t x'“b}gg\, a? To;afx]s
;a}eGbf k|hftflGqs elgg] k'“hLjfbL u0ftGqdf ;d]t pgLx¿ klxnf] t sfg'gåf/f g}
k'?if;/xsf] clwsf/af6 jl~rt ul/Psf] v/fa l:yltdf x'G5g\ / bf];|f], h'g uDeL/
/x]sf] 5, pgLx¿ 3/]n' bf;tfdf /x]sf x'G5g\, h;cGtu{t pgLx¿ cToGt v'b|f, cToGt
si6k|b ef}lts >d, cToGt k6\Øf/nfUbf] efG;fsf] sfd / cnu–ynu 3/]n' kfl/jfl/s
cy{tGqaf6 lklN;Psf x'G5g\ . ======= af]N;]ljs ;f]ljot qmflGtn]
dlxnfx¿dflysf pTkL8g / xLgtfnfO{ ;+;f/sf s'g} klg kf6L{ / qmflGtn]eGbf
ulx/f];“u h/}b]lv sf6]sf] 5 .Æ n]lggn] ;j{xf/fju{sf] :jtGqtfsf] ;t{ dlxnf
:jtGqtfnfO{ dfGb} cToGt :ki6tfk"j{s eGg'eof] ls– æ;j{xf/fju{n] k"0f{
:jtGqtf ta;Dd k|fKt ug{ ;Qm}g, ha;Dd dlxnfx¿sf nflu k"0f{ :jtGqtf xfl;n
x'“b}g .Æ o;/L ;dfhjfbL qmflGtkl5 ;f]ljot ;+3df dlxnfx¿n] k|fKt u/]sf] :jtGqtf
/ k|ultsf] k|efj ljZjJofkL ¿kdf kg'{ :jfefljs lyof] .
dfS;{jfbL
lj1fgnfO{ ljsf;sf] u'0ffTds ¿kn] gof“ prfOdf p7fp“b} s= n]lggn] ;fd|fHojfb /
;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] o'udf dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf] :t/df ljsl;t ug'{eof] .
ljrf/sf] of] ljsf;;lxt ¿;df ;kmn ePsf] ;dfhjfbL qmflGtn] ljsl;t b]zx¿df dfq
geP/ c? d'VotM pTkLl8t /fi6«x¿df ;d]t qmflGtsf] gof“ nx/ ;[li6 ug]{
dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nof] . pTkLl8t /fi6«x¿df km}lnPsf] ;fdGtjfb /
;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL qmflGtsf] k|lqmof;“u} dlxnf d'lQm cfGbf]ng klg csf]{ prfOdf
p7\b} uof] .
pk/f]Qm
;Gbe{df s= dfcf]sf] g]t[Tjdf ljzfn rLgdf cufl8 a9]sf] gof“ hgjfbL qmflGtn]
pTkLl8t /fi6«x¿sf nflu qmflGtsf] gof“ df]8]n k|:t't u¥of] . ufp“af6 zx/
3]g]{ bL3{sfnLg hgo'4sf] /0fgLltcg';f/ ;kmn ePsf] lrlgof“ qmflGtn] dlxnf
d'lQmsf] k|ZgnfO{ hgo'4;“u k|ToIf ¿kn] uf“;]/ nUof] . s= dfcf]åf/f ljsl;t
gof“ hgjfbL qmflGt / c´ d"n ¿kdf ;j{xf/fju{sf] clwgfosTjcGtu{t lg/Gt/
qmflGtsf] ljrf/n] dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL lj1fgnfO{ u'0ffTds ¿kn] csf]{ prfOdf
k'¥ofof] . dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf ¿kdf ljsl;t ljrf/n] qmflGt ;DkGg
ug]{ dfq geP/ qmflGtkl5sf] k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg] k|Zgdf ;d]t uDeL/ lbzflgb]{z
u¥of] . dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] ¿kdf cleJoQm dfn]dfjfbL ljrf/n]
cfhsf] ljZjdf gof“ lz/faf6 qmflGt cufl8 a9fpg] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 .
clxn]
g]kfndf ;dfhsf] qmflGtsf/L ¿kfGt/0fsf nflu rln/x]sf] hgo'4sf] dxfg\ k|lqmofsf
k5fl8 df=n]=df=s} ljrf/sf] /Iff, k|of]u / ljsf;n] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 .
d[To'dfly ljho xfl;n ub}{ o'4d}bfgdf pTkLl8t dlxnfx¿sf] ce"tk"j{
;xeflutfn] j:t'tM gof“ ljrf/ / dlxnf d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] gof“ r/0fnfO{ JoQm
ul//x]sf] 5 . qmflGtsf/L ljrf/sf] /Iff, k|of]u / ljsf;df k|lta4 dlxnf
d'lQm cfGbf]ng g} qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ tyf k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg] zlQmzfnL cfwf/ x'g]
gof“ ljrf/ klg hgo'4s} dfWodaf6 ljsl;t ePsf] 5 .
Oltxf;sf] cg'ej / g]kfnL
qmflGtsf] cfºg} hLjgaf6 :ki6 x'G5 ls j}1flgs ljrf/sf] /Iff, k|of]u / ljsf;sf]
k|lqmofaf6 cnu pTkLl8tju{sf] jf:tljs d'lQm c;Dej 5 . dlxnf d'lQmsf] ;t{
klg 7Ls oxL ljrf/sf] k|Zg;“u hf]l8Psf]n] qmflGtsf/L dlxnfx¿sf] Wofg To;df
s]lGb|t x'g h?/L 5 .
w
bz{gzf:qsf s]xL HjnGt k|Zgx¿
? s= /jLGb| >]i7
dxfg\
g]kfnL hgo'4sf] tLj|td ljsf;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k ;a} If]qdf gof“–goF“ k|Zgx¿
hlGdPh:t} bz{gzf:qsf] If]qdf klg gof“–gof“ k|Zgx¿ hlGdPsf 5g\ . ut s]Gb|Lo
;ldltsf] j}7sdf kfl/t k|:tfjn] kf6L{leq clwe"tjfbsf] ;d:of xn ug'{kg]{ tYo
k'li6 u/]sf] lyof] eg] xfn} ;DkGg kf]ln6Ao'/f]sf] a}7sn] j'h'{jf cfb{zjfbsf]
;d:of klg xn ug'{ kg]{ cf}NofPsf] 5 . clwe"tjfb eg]sf] åGåjfbsf]
ljk/Lt xf] eg] jh'{jf cfb{zjfb eg]sf] ;j{xf/f ef}ltsjfbsf] ljk/Lt xf] .
o;cy{df xfd|f] ;d:of eg]sf] ;j{xf/f åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbsf] ljk/Lt b[li6sf]0f
j'h'{jf clwe"tjfbL cfb{zjfbnfO{ a'‰g' / o;nfO{ jbNg -cyf{t\ ¿kfGt/0f ug'{
jf k/flht ug'{_ xf] .
kf6L{leq
;j{xf/f åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb / a'h{'jf clwe"tjfbL cfbz{jfbsf aLrdf lg/Gt/
;+3if{ rln/xG5 . o; ;fj{ef}d lgoddf Wofg lb+b} bfz{lgs If]qsf lgldQ HjnGt
k|Zgx¿af/] ;+lIfKt rrf{ ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .
!= ljk/Ltx¿sf] PsTjsf] lgod (Law of unity of opositions) nfO{ a'em\g] / nfu" ug]{
k|Zg
ljk/Ltx¿sf] PsTjsf] lgod ;a} j:t' Pj+ kl/36gfx¿df nfu" x'g] ;fj{ef}d lgod xf] / of] g} åGåjfbsf] Ps dfq d"ne"t lgod -cfwf/e"t lgod_ xf] . o; lgodsf # j6f cy{ 5g\ . klxnf], ;a} j:t' Pj+ kl/36gfx¿ :jo+leq b'O{ ljk/Lt kIfx¿ clgjfo{ ?kdf /xG5g\ cyf{t\ æPs ljeflht eP/ b'O{Æ ag]sf] x'G5 . bf];|f] cy{ xf]– tL ljk/Lt kIfx¿ lglZrt kl/l:yltdf ¿kfGt/0f eP/ kl/jt{g eP/ 5nfË nufP/ Pp6} x'G5g\ -cyf{t\ PsTj x'G5g ljk/Lt kIfdf ¿kfGtl/t x'G5g_ . t];|f] cy{ xf]– To;/L ?kfGtl/t eP/ PsTjdf k'u]sf] j:t' Pj+ kl/36gfx¿df k'gM gof“ 9+usf ljk/Ltx¿-cGt{lj/f]wx¿_ /x]sf x'G5g\ / k'gM ;+3if{ ;'? x'G5 .
clwe"tjfbn]
j:t' Pj+ kl/36gfx¿df Ps kIf dfq b]V5, csf]{ ljk/Lt kIf b]Vb}g . o;n] ls t
;sf/fTds dfq b]V5, ls t gsf/fTds dfq b]V5, ls t /ft dfq b]V5, ls t lbg dfq}
b]V5, ls t hgjfb dfq} b]V5, ls s]Gb|Lotf dfq b]V5, ls t pknlAw dfq} b]V5, ls
c;kmntf dfq} b]V5, ls ;kmntf dfq b]V5, ls
qmflGtsf/L nfOg dfq b]V5, ls t cj;/jfbL nfOg dfq b]V5, ls Pstf dfq b]V5,
ls t ;+3if{ dfq} b]V5 cflb .
j'h{'jf
cfbz{jfbn] eg] b'O{ ljk/Lt kIfx¿ /xg] s'/f dfq} :jLsf/ ub{5 t/ tL ljk/Ltx¿dWo]
Pp6f kIf csf]{ kIfdf ?kfGt/0f x'g] s'/fnfO{ c:jLsf/ ub{5 . cyf{tM
ljk/Ltx¿sf] PsTjsf] lgodsf] klxnf] cy{ dfq} :jLsf/ ub{5 t/ bf];|f] cy{nfO{
c:jLsf/ ub{5 . j'h{'jf cfbz{jfbn] ljk/Ltx¿ /xg] t :jLsf/ u5{ t/ ?kfGt/0f
eP/ PsTj x'g] / k'/fgf] cGtlj{/f]w xn eP/ goF“ cGtlj{/f]w hGdg] s'/f c:jLsf/
u5{ . pbf/x0fsf] nflu kf6L{leqsf] b'O{ nfOg;+3if{nfO{ lncf}+ .
clwe"tjfbn] kf6L{leq Ps nfOg dfq} b]Vb5, b'O{ nfOg;+3if{ lg/Gt/ rNg] s'/f
b]Vb}g t/ j'h{'jf cfbz{jfbn] b'O{ nfOg;+3if{ t b]V5 t/ Pp6f lglZrt kl/:yltdf
b'O{ nfOg;+3if{ tLj| eP/ kl/kSj ePkl5 Ps nfOg ljho aG5 / csf]{ nfOg k/flht
x'G5 . dfcf]sf] zAbdf eGg] xf] eg]– æPs nfOgn] csf]{ nfOgnfO{ vfG5Æ eGg]
s'/fnfO{ c:jLsf/ ub{5 . j'h'jf{ cfb{zjfbn] b'O{ nfOg;+3if{ lg/Gt/ rln/xG5
dfq} eG5 t/ To; lg/Gt/tfdf qmde+utf c:jLsf/ ub{5 . j'h'{jf cfbz{jfbn] b'O{
nfOg;+3if{nfO{ slxNo} ;dfwfg gx'g], slxNo} ljho–k/fho gx'g] s]jn dfqfTds
kl/jt{gsf] ?kdf dfq} JofVof ub{5 / To;df Pp6f nfOg k/flht eP/ u'0ffTDfs 5nfË /
?kfGt/0f x'g] / gof“ vfnsf] b'O{ nfOg;+3if{sf] r/0fdf k|j]z ug]{ s'/fnfO{
c:jLsf/ ub{5 . j'h'{jf cfbz{jfbn] ljZn]if0fnfO{ dfq} :jLsf/ ub{5 t/
;+Zn]if0fnfO{ -dfcf]sf] efiffdf Ps kIfn] csf]{ kIfnfO{ vfg'_ c:jLsf/
ub{5 . kf6L{leq Pp6} dfq nfOg x'G5 eGg' / b'O{ nfOg;+3if{ x'“b}g eGg' ;Lw}
clwe"tjfb xf], Psdgfjfb xf], xf]Shfjfb xf] . t/ kf6L{leq b'O
nfOg;+3if{ x'G5 eGg] dfq} dfg]/ b'O{ nfOgsf] ;+Zn]if0f, PsTj, ?kfGt/0f,
u'0ffTds 5nfË, ljho–k/fho x'G5 eGg] c:jLsf/ ug'{ å}tjfb xf], j'h{'jf cfbz{jfb
xf] . åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbn] kf6L{leq b'O{ nfOg;+3if{ x'G5 eGg] :jLsf/ ub}{
b'O{ nfOg;+3if{ pTsif{df k'u]kl5 ;+Zn]if0f x'G5, PsTj aG5, ?kfGt/0f x'G5,
Pp6fsf] ljho / csf]{sf] k/fho x'G5 tyf k'gM goF“ r/0fsf] b'O{ nfOg;+3if{ ;'?
x'G5 eGg] oyfy{tf :jLsf/ ub{5 .
@= :jtGqtf / cfjZostfaLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ a'em\g] /
nfu" ug]{ k|Zg
ljZjsDo'lgi6
cfGbf]ngdf cfjZostf / :jtGqtfaLrsf] ;DaGwaf/] åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL b[li6sf]0f /
j'h'{jf cfbz{jfbL b[li6sf]0fsf aLrdf ;+3if{ rNb} cfPsf] 5 . xfd|f] nIo
cfjZostfsf] ;+;f/af6 :jtGqtfsf] ;+;f/df 5nfË nufpg] xf] . o;sf] cy{
k'“hLjfbL ;dfhaf6 ;fDojfbL ;dfhdf hfg' xf], ;fDojfbL ;dfhsf] klg klxnf],
bf];|f] / t];|f] ub}{ Psaf6 csf]{ u'0ffTds?kn] pRr r/0fdf 5nfË nufpg]
xf] . åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbLx¿ / cfbz{jfbLx¿aLrdf ljjfb sxF“lg/ 5 t <
:jtGqtf s] xf] / s;/L k|fKt ug]{ eGg] k|Zgdf / o;;“u cfjZostfsf] ;aGw s:tf]
x'G5 < eGg] ljifodf g} ljjfb s]lGb|t 5 .
lxGb"
wd{n] :jtGqtf -d'lQm jf df]If_ sf] cy{ d/]kl5 :ju{ k|flKt, O{Zj/ k|flKt,
k'gh{Gd x'g' gkg]{ x'g' cflbsf] ?kdf kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 / To;sf] af6f] wd{sd{
ug'{nfO{ agfPsf] 5 . a'4 wd{n] :jtGqtf -d'lQm jf df]If_ sf] cy{ k'g{hGdaf6
d'lQm k|flKt ug'{ z"Godf ljlng x'g' -dfgj hflt / ;+;f/s} ljnf]kLs/0f_ nfO{
lnPsf] 5 . o;sf] af6f] 3/, ;dfh, ;Qf, nf]e, df]x ;a} kl/Tofu ug'{nfO{
agfPsf] 5 . oL b'j}y/Ln] cfjZostfsf] ;+;f/af6 efu]/, knfog eP/, kl/Tofu
u/]/ To;nfO{ gabn]/ g} :jtGqtf k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 eGGf] cfbz{jfbL ;f]r c+ufn]sf]
:ki6 g} 5 .
cfjZostf
/ :jtGqtfsf] cGt/;DaGwdf åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL kl/efiff dfS;{n] lbg' eof] .
pxF“n] jt{dfg ;+;f/nfO{ JofVof u/]/ k'Ub}g, o;nfO{ abNg' kb{5 eGg' eof] .
cfjZostfsf] ;+;f/nfO{ abn]/ :jtGqtfsf] ;+;f/df k'Ug] qmflGtsf/L k|:yfkgf cl3
;fg'{ eof] .
cfjZostfnfO{
a'em\g' g} :jtGqtf xf] eGg] egfO ;j{k|yd x]u]nn] JoQm u/]sf x'g\ .
P]+u]N;n] o;nfO{ g} dfS;{jfbL JofVof / ljsf; ug'{ eof] . pxf“n] o;df yKGf'
eof]– :jtGqtf k|fs[lts lgodx¿af6 :jfwLg aGg] ;kgfdf lglxt 5}g, clkt' Tof]
lgodx¿sf] 1fgdf / o; 1fgsf] ;xfotfaf6 oL lgodx¿åf/f lglZrt p2]Zox¿sf nflu
;'lgof]lht 9+un] sfd u/fpg] h'g ;+efjgf k}bf x'G5, To;df lglxt x'G5
-8o"xl/ª dt v08g, P+u]N;_ o; egfOdf P+u]N;n] Psflt/ j'h'{jf cfb{zjfbL
;f]raf6 cfpg] :jtGqtf eg]sf] k|fs[lts lgodx¿ -cyf{t j:t'ut cfjZostfsf
lgodx¿_af6 :jfwLg ag]/ jf To;sf] ljk/Lt vf]lhg] sfNklgs d'lQm -:jtGqtf_ xf]Og
eGg' ePsf] 5 eg] csf{lt/ :jtGqtf eg]sf] k|fs[lts lgodx¿ -cfjZostfsf lgodx¿_sf]
1fg k|flKt ug{{' -cyf{t\ cfjZostfsf] ;+;f/sf] 1fg jf JofVof ug'{_ dfq} geP/ To;
1fgnfO{ lglZrt p2]Zosf nflu sfd u/fpg' -cyf{t\ k|of]u ug'{_ xf] eGg' ePsf]
5 . o;sf] cy{ xf]– cfjZostfsf] ;+;f/sf lgodx¿ k|of]u u/]/ lglZrt p2]Zox¿
-:jtGqtfsf] ;+;f/df k'Ug] nIo_ k|flKt ug{ cfjZostfsf] ;+;f/ abNg' . To;}n]
P+u]N;n] s]jn cfjZostfnfO{ a'‰g] s'/f dfq} ug{' ePsf] 5, cfjZostfnfO{ abNg]
s'/f ug{' ePsf] 5}g eGg' P+u]N;dfly cGofo ug'{ / P+u]N;sf egfO tf]8d/f]8 ug'{
x'g hfG5 . dfcf]sf] æcfjZostfnfO{ a'‰g' g} :jtGqtf xf]Æ eGg] jfSo cw'/f]
5, æcfjZostfnfO{ a'em]/ dfq k'Ub}g, jbNg' klg k5{Æ eGg' ePsf] 5 P+u]N;n] eg]/
P+u]N;sf lj?4 dfcf]nfO{ pEofpg' unt x'G5 . P+u]N;s} JofVofnfO{ dfcf]n] cem
:ki6 kfg'{ ePsf] xf] . P+u]N;n] æcfjZostfnfO{ a'‰g' g} :jtGqtf xf]Æ eGg]
x]u]nsf] sf]6]zg;“u} pk/f]Qm JofVof klg ug'{ ePsf] tYonfO{ xfdLn] cfTd;ft\ ug'{
k5{ . ;fy} æcfjZostfsf] ;+;f/nfO{
abNg' k5{Æ eg]/ ;j{k|yd eGGf] JolQm dfS;{ x'g\ eGg] tYo klg la;{g'
x'“b}g .
:jtGqtf
cfjZostfs} hudf pleP/ dfq} k|fKt x'G5 . cfjZostfaf6 efu]/ knfog eP/ jf
kl/Tofu u/]/ :jtGqtf k|fKt x'G5 eGg' cfbz{jfb xf] . cfjZostfsf] ;+;f/sf]
j:t'ut lgod a'‰g] / To;nfO{ k|of]u u/]/ dfq cfjZostfsf] ;+;f/nfO{ abNg /
:jtGqtfsf] ;+;f/df k'Ug ;lsG5 . sfNklgs ;dfhjfbLx¿ / c/fhstfjfbLx¿ klg
:jtGqtfsf] ;+;f/df k'Ug / jt{dfg cfjZostfsf] ;+;f/ abNg rfxG5g\ . t/ s]
pgLx¿n] OR5f ub}{df Tof] k'/f x'G5 < x'“b}g . sfNklgs ;dfhjfbLx¿ /
c/fhstfjfbLx¿n] To;f] ug{ g;Sg'sf] sf/0f s] xf] eg] pgLx¿n] cfjZstfsf] ;+;f/sf]
lgod a'‰g / k|of]u ug{ ;Sb}gg\ jf rfx“b}gg\ . pgLx¿n] cfjZostfsf] ;+;f/af6
cnu /x]/, To; clgjfo{ cfjZostfaf6 klG5P/ dgf]ut 9+un] :jtGqtfsf] ;+;f/ lgdf{0f
ug{ vf]H5g . h:t}– dfS;{, P+u]N;n] ju{;+3if{ / ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjsf]
cfjZostfdfly hf]8 lbg' eof] / of] cfjZosLo lgod k|of]u u/]/ dfq} cfjZostfsf]
;+;f/ abn]/ :jtGqtfsf] ;+;f/df hfg ;lsg] :ki6 af6f] agfpg'eof] t/ j'h'{jf cfbz{jfbLx¿, sfNklgs ;dfhjfbLx¿ /
c/fhstfjfbLx¿n] eg] ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjsf] lj/f]w u/] . jfs'gLgk+yL
c/fhstfjfbLx¿n] ;QflaxLg ;fDojfbdf k'Ug] -:jtGqtfsf] ;+;f/df k'Ug] _ nIo clxn]b]lv nfu" ub}{ hfg' kb{5 eGg] gf/f
lbP/ jt{dfg juL{o ;Qf qmdzM Wj:t ub}{ hfg' k5{ eGb} ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjnfO{
cgfjZos atfP . ts{ dfq} ug]{ xf] eg] ;fDojfbL ;dfh -nIo_ clxn]b]lv g}
nfu" ub}{ hfg' jfs'lggn] eg]h:t} u¥of] eg] s] :jtGqtfsf] ;+;f/df k'luG5 t
< k'luGg . oxf“ ljjfbsf] ljifo nIo k|fKt ug{sf] nflu cfjZostfsf] lgod
a'e\mg] / k|of]u ug{df ef}ltsjfbL x'g] xf] jf j'h{'jf cfbz{jfbL x'g] xf] eGg]
xf] .
jG;{l6gh:tf
blIf0fk+yL ;+zf]wgjfbLx¿n] klg :jtGqtfsf] ;+;f/df k'Ug ju{;DfGjosf] af6f]åf/f,
;+;bLo af6f]åf/f g} ;Dej 5 eg]/ ju{;+3if{ / ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjsf] lj/f]w
u/] . jG;{l6gx¿n] j'h{'jf cfbz{jfbL ;f]rcg';f/ ju{;++3if{ / ;j{xf/f
clwgfosTjsf] clgjfo{ cfjZostf c:jLsf/ u/] .
jG:{l6g,
jfs'lggb]lv No" zfcf] lr, t]ª;Dd pgLx¿;“u dfn]dfjfbLx¿sf] ljjfb eg]sf]
;fDojfb -:jtGqtfsf] ;+;f/_df hfg] nIo lng] jf glng] eGg] x}g, s;}n] klg To;nfO{
kl/Tofu u/]sf] gf¨f] 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyPgg\ . t/ ljjfb ;+;f/ abNg cfjZos
lgod j}1flgs 9+un] a'Efm\g] / k|of]u ug]{ jf j'h{'jf cfbz{jfbL 9+un] To;
j}1flgs lgodnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug]{ eGGf] xf] .
n]lggn]
klg cfjZostf / :jtGqtfaLrsf] ;DaGwaf/] j'h{'jf cfbz{jfbLx¿;“u ax; ug'{ ePsf]
5 . pxF“n] P+u]N;sf pk/f]Qm egfOx¿ p4[t ug'{ x“'b} To; egfOsf] o;/L JofVof
ug'{ ePsf] 5 . P+u]N;n] dflg;sf] 1fg / OR5fnfO{ Psflt/ lng'eof] / k|s[ltsf]
cfjZostfnfO{ csf]{lt/ lng' eof] . kl/efiffx¿ lbg'sf] ;§fdf s]jn olQ eGg'
eof] ls– æk|s[ltsf] cfjZostf k|fylds xf] / dfgjLo OR5f / dl:tis ;xfos xf] /
kl5Nnf]n] clgjfo{ ?kdf cl3Nnf]sf] cg';f/ rNg' k5{ .Æ (Lenin Materialism and Empirio Criticism. Page 230) o;/L oxF“ n]lggn] :ki6 zAbdf
k|s[ltsf] cfjZostfnO{ k|fylds cyf{t\ k|wfg kIf xf], dfgjLo OR5f cyf{t\
:jtGqtfnfO{ ;xfos xf] / :jtGqtf clgjfo{ ?kdf cfjZostfcg';f/ rNg' kb{5 eGg'
ePsf] 5 . hals j'h'{jf cfbz{jfbn] :jtGqtfnfO{ k|wfg kIf 7fGb5 /
:jtGqtfcg';f/ cfjZostfdf rNg' kg]{ s'/f ub{5 . dfcf]n] klg j'h'{jf cfbz{jfbsf
lj?4 ;+3if{ ub}{ :jtGqtf / cfjZostfaLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ cem} :ki6 kfg'{ ePsf]
5 . pxF“n] !(^@ df eGg' eof]– æ:jtGqtfsf] cy{ cfjZostfsf] klxrfg xf],
o;sf] cy{ j:t'ut ljZjnfO{ abNg' xf] . cfjZostfsf] klxrfg u/]/ dfq} dfG5]n]
:jtGq ultljlw ug{ ;S5, oxL g} :jtGqtf / cfjZostfsf] åGåjfbL lgod xf] .Æ -dfcf]]
M ;+slnt /rgf efu *_ o;}u/L !(^$ df dfcf]n] eGg' eof]– æ:jtGqtf eg]sf]
cfjZostfnfO{ a'em\g' xf] / cfjZostfnfO{ ?kfGt/0f ug'{ xf] .Æ -dfcf] M
;+slnt /rgf efu–( k]h !#(_ oL b'j} egfOx¿df Psflt/ dfcf]n] cfjZostfnfO{
a'em\g] s'/f ug'{ ePsf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ ljZjnfO{ abNg] cyf{t\ cfjZostfnfO{ abNg]
s'/f klg ug'{ ePsf] 5 . dfcf]n] pbfx/0f lb+b} eGg' ePsf] 5– æeljiodf w]/}
dflg; x'g] 5g\, / k|z:t vfBfGg x'g] 5}g, To;}n] dflg;x¿n] vlgh kbfy{af6 vfg]
s'/f k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ 5 . o;/L ?kfGt/0f u/]/ dfq} :jtGqtf xfl;n ug{
;lsG5 .Æ-dfcf]M ;+slnt /rgf, efu (, k]h !#(_
No"
Zffcf] lr, lng lkofcf] cflbn] :jtGqtfsf] gfddf b'O{ j6f ;dfgfGt/ x]8Sjf6/
kf6L{df rnfpg] / ljs]Gb|Ls/0fdf hf]8 lbg] u/] . t/ dfcf]n] cfjZostfdf hf]8
lbb} cfjZostfnfO{ a'em\g] / ?kfGt/0f ug]{ cleofgcGtu{t ;dfgfGt/ j'h{'jf
x]8Sjf6/ Wj:t kfg{ hgkl/rfng ug'{ eof] / s]Gb|Ls/0fdf cem hf]8 lbg' eO{
;F+:s[lts qmflGt ;~rfng ug'{ eof] . ;F+:s[lts qmflGts} ;dodf !(^(df ;DkGGf
lrlgoF“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] gjf}+ dxflwj]zgsf] b:tfj]hdf elgPsf] 5– æj'h{'jf
JolQmjfbsf] cfnf]rgf ul/g' kb{5, ax's]Gb|sf] l;4fGtsf] cfnf]rgf ul/g' kb{5 /
s]Gb|ljxLgtfsf] l;4fGtsf] cfnf]rgf ul/g' kb{5 .Æ To;}u/L ;F+:s[lts
qmflGts} ;dodf !(&# df ePsf] bzf}+ dxflwj]zgdf kfl/t k|:tfjdf elgPsf] 5–
æxfdLn] kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj s]Gb|Ls/0fnfO{ cem a9L dha't agfpg' kb{5 .
kf6L{sf] g]t[TjnfO{ j}rfl/s, ;+u7gfTds gLlt–lgodx¿ ;a} ?kdf s]Gb|Ls[t ul/g'
kb5{ .Æ
;F+:s[lts
qmflGtsf] ;Gb]z xf]– k|ltqmflGtnfO{ k/f:t u/]/ :jtGqtfsf] ;+;f/df k'Ug a'h'{jf
JolQmjfbsf] cfnf]rgf ul/g' k5{ / g]t[Tj s]Gb|Ls/0fnfO{ cem a9L dha't agfpg'
kb{5 . of] cfjZostfnfO{ a'em]/ a'h'{jf JolQmjfb / ljs]Gb|Lotfjfb cyf{t\
c/fhstfjfbnfO{ ?kfGt/0f u/]/ dfq} xfdL :jtGqtfsf] ;+;f/df k'Ug ;Sb5f}+ .
w
qmflGtsf/L dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf]
tTsfnLg sfo{ef/
w kDkmf e";fn
dlxnfdflysf
;a} k|sf/sf zf]if0f, pTkL8g / c;dfgtf juL{o ;d:ofsf] hf/L ¿k xf] eGg] s'/f
:jLsf/ u/L dlxnf d'lQm ;j{xf/fju{sf] g]t[Tjdf ;+rflnt juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ngaf6
x'g] dfGotf / l;4fGtnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug]{ g]kfnsf] qmflGtsf/L dlxnf cfGbf]ng
Oltxf;sf] gof“ df]8df v8f ePsf] 5 . xfd|f] dxfg\ / uf}/jznL kf6L{ g]kfn
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g]t[Tjdf ;+rflnt ju{;+3if{sf] pRrtd\ ¿k dxfg\
hgo'4n] P]ltxfl;s /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf k|j]z ubf{ ljrf/, /fhgLlt,
;+u7gnufot ;fdflhs hLjgsf ;a} If]qdf u'0ffTds x]/km]/ NofPsf] 5 . o;sf]
:jfefljs kl/0ffd qmflGtsf/L dlxnf cfGbf]ng / dlxnfsf] hLjgsf] ;du| kIfdf gof“
kl/jt{g NofOlbPsf] 5 . cfGbf]ngsf] of] l:yltdf qmflGtsf/L dlxnf cfGbf]ngn]
cfºgf] sfo{ef/nfO{ gof“ :t/af6 ljsf; ug{ h?/L 5 .
ljrf/wf/fTds sfd
lg;Gb]x
s'g} klg hgqmflGt jf d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] yfngL, ljsf; / ljhosf] nflu ;xL gLlt,
g]t[Tj / sfo{lbzf x'g' clgjfo{ ;t{ xf] . /, To;n] dfq ax';+Vos >dhLjL
tyf pTkLl8t hgtfsf] ;dy{g / ;xeflutf u/fpg ;Sb5 . cfhsf] o'udf s]jn
;j{xf/fju{sf] qmflGtsf/L gLlt / g]t[Tjdf ax';+Vos hgtf ;+ul7t / cfGbf]lnt ePsf]
hgqmflGt / d'lQm cfGbf]ngn] dfq ;fdGtjfb, ;fd|fHojfbnufot ;a}vfn] k|ltlqmofjfbL
zlQmnfO{ k/f:t ug{ ;Sg] s'/f Oltxf;l;4 tYo xf] . ;j{xf/fju{sf] g]t[Tjlagf
p7]sf s'g} klg cfGbf]ng of t k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfl;t ;Demf}tfdf 6'lËg] cyjf lj;h{gdf
uP/ 6'lËg] s'/f klg ;dsfnLg b'lgof“df k'li6 ePsf] oyfy{tf xf] .
g]kfndf
g]kfnL ;j{xf/fju{sf] ;+ul7t cu|b:tfsf ¿kdf g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf]
g]t[Tjdf ;+rflnt dxfg\ hgo'4n] g]kfnL ljz]iftf / ljlzi6tfdf dfn]dfjfbsf]
l;h{gfTds ¿kdf k|of]u ub}{ cl3 a9\g] k|lqmofdf g]kfnL ;dfhdf ljBdfg ju{;DaGw /
cGt/lj/f]w hftLo, If]qLo / lnËLo ;DaGw / cGtlj{/f]wsf ljz]iftfx¿sf] j:t'jfbL /
j}1flgs cWoog / kl/rfngn] hgo'4nfO{ 5nfËdo ultdf u'0ffTds ljsf; dfq u/]g,
g]kfnL ljlzi6tfdf dfn]dfjfbsf l;4fGtdf klg ljsf; ug{ k'Uof] . /, k|r08kysf
¿kdf ;+Zn]lift ljsl;t gof“ ljrf/ g]kfnL hgqmflGtsf] dfu{lgb]{zs ljrf/ aGg
k'u]sf] 5 . Tof] gof“ ljrf/ k|r08kysf] dfu{lgb]{zgdf hgo'4n] ;fdGtjfbnfO{
w/fzfoL kfb}{ ;fd|fHojfb–lj:tf/jfbl;t 6Ss/ ln+b} cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . of]
gof“ ljrf/sf] ljsf; / ;+Zn]if0f u/]otfsf] cjlwdf g} hgo'4n] ;a}eGbf tLj| ultdf
ljrf/, /fhgLlt, ;+u7g / ;+3if{df u'0ffTds ljsf; ug{ ;s]sf] 5 . dxfg\\
dfcf]sf] b]xfj;fgkl5 ljZj;j{xf/fju{n] cfºgf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ /0fg}lts zlQm
;Gt'ngaf6 cufl8 ljsf; ug{ g;s]sf] l:yltdf g]kfnL ;j{xf/fju{n] cWoIf s= k|r08sf]
g]t[Tjdf g]kfnL hgo'4nfO{ @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] gof“ hgo'4sf ¿kdf, /0fg}lts
k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf ljsf; u/]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ lg0ff{os ¿kdf ljhoL agfpg /
@!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ k/flht ug{ @)cf}+ ztfAbLdf ljZj;j{xf/fju{n]
xfl;n u/]sf] qmflGt / k|ltqmflGtsf cg'ej, jt{dfg ljZjkl/l:ylt / g]kfnL hgo'4sf
cg'ejsf] cfwf/df k|r08kysf] ljsf;sf] ;+Zn]if0f u/L ljrf/df ljsf; ug{ h?/L ePsf]
s'/f kf6L{n] lg0f{o ul/;s]sf] 5 . To;sf] lgldQ j:t'ut / cfTdut cfwf/x¿
tof/ ePsf 5g\ / cfºgf] k4lt / k|lqmofdf Tof] sfo{ k"/f x'g]5 .
dxfg\\
hgo'4sf] sfo{lbzf lgdf{0f / To;sf] tof/Lb]lv g} g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] ;a}eGbf
>dhLjL t/ ;fdGtjfb–;fd|fHojfb / lkt[;Qfjfbaf6 ;a}eGbf pTkLl8t / zf]lift
g]kfnL dlxnfnfO{ g]kfnL hgqmflGtsf] e/kbf]{ zlQmsf ¿kdf :jLsf/ u/L pgLx¿nfO{
cfGbf]ngdf ;+ul7t ug]{ sfdnfO{ dxŒjsf ;fy cl3 a9fof] . dlxnfnfO{ 3/leqsf]
lghL ;DklQ / pkef]usf] ;fwg agfpg] ;fdGt / k'“hLklt ju{n] /fhgLltdf …ef]6
AofÍÚsf] ¿kdf k|of]u u/L ;Qfdf hfg] e¥ofË agfpg] gLltsf] 7Ls pN6f] dxfg\\ hgo'4sf
;a} df]rf{x¿– kf6L{, ;]gf / ;Qf–df lg;+sf]r ¿kdf ;xefuL agfP/ dlxnfdf cGtlg{lxt
;a} Ifdtf / of]UotfnfO{ k|bz{g ug]{ ;'cj;/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . o;n] dlxnfdf
cbDo ;fx; / ljZjf;sf] e/k"/ ljsf; ug{ ;Sof] . dlxnfsf] jf:tljs Ifdtf
/ zlQmsf] pb\3f6gn] cfGbf]ngleq / aflx/ klg dlxnf k|ltsf d"No / dfGotfdf
Jofks kl/jt{g NofOlbof] . h;n] cfd dlxnfdf ljb|f]xL efj k}bf ug{ /
cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL aGg] k|lqmofdf u'0ffTdstf lbg ;Sof] . hgo'4df dlxnfsf]
of] ;xeflutf / Tofu, tk:of, jL/tf / alnbfgsf] P]ltxfl;s e"ldsfn] g]kfnsf]
Oltxf;df dlxnfn] v]n]sf] of]eGbf klxn]sf] e"ldsfnfO{ kl5 kf/]sf] 5 eg]
cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf of] cfZro{ / cWoogsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . :jo+ g]kfnL
hgo'4nfO{ of] Pp6f phf{, zlQm / ljhosf] e/kbf]{ cfwf/ ag]sf] 5 . ;fy},
hgo'4sf] dfWodaf6 g]kfnL dlxnfn] g]kfndf juL{o /fHo;Qfsf] pbo ePotf ;j{k|yd
;dfhsf ;du| kIfdf cfkm"nfO{ ;xefuL agfpg, :jtGq / ;Ddfgk"0f{ hLjg
lhpg ;s]sf 5g\, oBlk k"0f{ :jtGqtf / k"0f{ d'lQmsf lgldQ hgo'4sf]
k"0f{ ljho / hgjfb x'“b} ;dfhjfb–;fDojfbsf] :yfkgf x'g'kg]{5 . of]
k|lqmofnfO{ cl3 a9fpg g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] ljrf/sf] ljsf;sf] cfjZostf cl3
;f/]sf] xf] . o;;Gbe{df qmflGtsf/L dlxnf cfGbf]ngn] hgo'4df dlxnf ;xeflutf
/ To;n] xfl;n u/]sf pknlAw Pj+ dlxnfn] xfl;n u/]sf pknlAw / cg'ejsf] ;+Zn]if0f
ug]{ k|lqmofdf nfUg' clxn]sf] j}rfl/s sfo{ef/ xf] . of] sfo{ef/n] @!cf}+
ztfAbLsf] ;j{xf/fjuL{o qmflGt / dlxnf d'lQm cfGbf]ng ;DkGg ug{] / k|ltqmflGt
/f]Sg] e"ldsf k"/f ug]{5 . oxL+g]/ ljsl;t ljrf/sf] ;+Zn]if0f u/L
gof“ ljrf/sf] ljsf; ug]{ cfjZostf / dxŒjnfO{ Go"gLs/0f / cjd"Nog ug]{
unt k|j[lQsf lj?4 j}rfl/s ;+3if{sf] ljz]if dxŒj 5 .
/fhg}lts sfd
juL{o
;dfhdf Pp6f ju{n] csf]{ ju{dfly clwgfosTj sfod ug]{ / cfºgf] ju{:jfy{
k"lt{ ug]{ xltof/ /fHo;Qf xf] . ;Qf;Lg ju{n] /fHo;Qfsf] dfWodaf6
;dfhsf cGo ;+/rgfdf ;d]t cfºgf]] ju{sf] k|e'Tj sfod ub{5 . dlxnfsf]
g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] ju{ljxLg dft[;Qf sAhf u/L juL{o lkt[;Qf sfod u/]b]lv g} dlxnfx¿
/fhg}lts, cfly{s, ;dflhs ¿kdf dfq pTkLl8t ePgg\ . ;fy;fy}, pgLx¿ k'?ifsf
JolQmut ;DklQ / pkef]usf ;fwg aGg' kg]{ afWofTds l:ylt klg aGof] . To;}n],
dlxnf d'lQmsf] lg0ff{os ;t{ /fHo;Qfdf >lds dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf / cfºgf]af/]df
cfFkm}n] km};nf ug]{ clwsf/ xf] . ;fd|fHojfb / ;j{xf/fju{sf] qmflGtsf]
cfhsf] o'udf dxfg\ dfS;{n] eg]h:t} ;dfh Oltxf;df ;a}eGbf pRr r]tgf ePsf]
qmflGtsf/L ju{ ;j{xf/fju{sf] g]t[Tjdf aGg] /fHo;Qfn] dfq} …;a} ju{sf] pGd"ng
tyf ju{xLg ;dfhdf n}hfg]Ú x'“bf dlxnfdfly x'g] pTkL8gnufot ;dfhsf ;a} k|sf/sf
zf]if0f / pTkL8g cGt ug]{5 . To;}n] dlxnf d'lQm cfGbf]ng ;j{xf/f juL{o
d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] cleGg c+u ag]sf] xf] . dfcf]sf] æ/fHo;Qfafx]s ;a} e|d
xf]Æ eGg] dd{nfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/]/ xfd|f] dxfg\ kf6L{n] dxfg\ hgo'4sf] ;+rfng /
g]t[Tj u/]sf] / oxL k|lqmofdf b]zsf *) k|ltzt u|fdL0f e"–efudf gof“ ;Qfsf]
lgdf{0f / cEof; ePsf] / olta]nf s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sAhfsf] of]hgf, /0fg}lts
k|Tofqmd0fdf cl3 al9/x]sf] 5 . ;j{xf/fju{sf] g]t[Tjdf ul7t oL ;Qfdf
pTkLl8t If]q, hflt / hgju{sf] ;xeflutf x'g] / To;df dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf %) k|ltzt
u/fpg xfd|f] kf6L{n] ljz]ifflwsf/sf] gLlt ckgfPsf] 5 . clxn];Dd 3f]lift
hftLo tyf If]qLo :jfoQ u0ftGq ;/sf/ / :yfgLo hg;/sf/df ljz]ifflwsf/sf]
gLltcg'¿k $) k|ltzt dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g ;s]sf] 5 . of] g]kfnsf]
Oltxf;d} dlxnfn] xfl;n u/]sf] ;a}eGbf pRr clwsf/ xf] .
o;/L
;Qfdf k|ltlglwTj / g]t[Tj ug'{ dlxnfsf] lgldQ uj{k"0f{ cj;/ t xf], ;fy}
s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sAhf eOg;s]sf] l:ylt, g]kfnL ;dfhdf ax'ju{ / ax';+:s[ltsf] l:ylt /
zbLof}+b]lv h/f uf8]sf] lkt[;Qfjfbsf] l:yltdf ;Qfsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ sfo{
r'gf}tLk"0f{ sfo{ xf] . tyflk …xfd|f] ju{ l;s]/ ug]{ eGbf u/]/ l;Sg]
ju{Ú ePsf]n] l56f]eGbf l56f], s8feGbf s8f d]xgt, hgtfsf] ;xof]u, ;fd"lxs
k|of; / Jofjxfl/s cEof;åf/f of] r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug{ ;lsg]5 . of]
k|lqmofn] cg'ej, Ifdtf / bIftfdf ljsf; u/fpg] / cfTdlge{/ aGg d2t ug]{ 5 .
;fy} oxL k|lqmofn] ljz]ifflwsf/sf] l:yltaf6 k|lt:kwf{sf] l:yltdf ljsf; ug]{
5 .
cfGbf]ngdf
dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf, Tofu, tk:of / jL/tfsf] pRr d"Nof+sg u/]/ xfd|f] dxfg\
kf6L{n] ;fdGtL lkt[;QfjfbL pTkL8gsf] P]ltxfl;s sf/0fn] kl5 k/]sf dlxnfnfO{
k'?ifl;t k|lt:kwf{ ug]{ g]t[Tj Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{ tTsfn ljz]ifflwsf/sf] gLlt
agfPsf] xf] . o;nfO{ g]t[Tj Ifdtfsf] ljsf; u/L k|lt:kwf{sf] r/0fdf hfg]
cj;/sf] ¿kdf a'‰g] / cfTd;ft\ ug]{ eGbf clGtd / lgoldt gLltsf ¿kdf u|x0f ug]{
;f]r klg 5 . o;n] dlxnfx¿nfO{ Ps k|sf/sf] k/lge{/tfdf k'¥ofOlbG5 /
qmflGtsf/L dlxnf cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;'wf/ / ;+zf]wgjfbsf] :t/df k'¥ofOlbg] vt/f
/xG5 .
;fy},
g]t[Tj Ifdtfsf] ljsf; u/L dlxnfnfO{ cfTdlge{/ agfpg] kf6L{sf] ljz]ifflwsf/sf]
sfo{gLltnfO{ bofsf] ¿kdf a'‰g] / xLgtfsf] efj k}bf ug]{ jf cjd"Nog ug]{
;d:of klg 5 . csf]{lt/ P]ltxfl;s / j:t'ut sf/0fn] cfjZos of]
ljz]ifflwsf/sf] sfo{gLltsf] cfjZostf gePsf], clxn] g} k|lt:kwf{sf] gLltsf] dfu
ug]{ cltjfbL ;f]r klg b]vfkb{5 .
o;y{
olta]nf qmflGtsf/L dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] cfºgf] d'Vo hf]8 s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sAhf ug]{
cfGbf]ngdf nufpg h?/L 5 . ;fy} cfGbf]ngsf pknlAwsf] /Iffdf klg Wofg lbg h?/L
5 . To;sf] nflu kf6L{sf] ljz]ifflwsf/sf] gLltnfO{ nfu" ug{, g]t[Tj
Ifdtfsf] ljsf; u/L cfTdlge{/ aGg / k|lt:kwf{sf] :t/df ljsf; u/fpg ;a}vfn] unt
lrGtg / k|j[lQsf lj?4 j}rfl/s, /fhg}lts / Jofjxfl/s ¿kdf of]hgfa4 9+un] nfUg'
cfjZos 5 .
cfly{s sfd
pTkfbgsf
;fwgdflysf] :jfldTjn] ;a} s'/fsf] lgwf{/0f ub{5 . pTkfbgsf ;fwgdflysf]
;fd"lxs :jfldTj ePsf] cflbd dft[k|wfg ;dfhsf] cGt u/L pTkfbgsf ;fwgdfly
JolQmsf]–k'?ifsf] :jfldTj sfod x'g'n] ;'? ePsf] juL{o ;dfhn] bf;, ;fdGtL /
k'“hLjfbL Joj:yfdf ljsf; u/] klg pTkfbgsf ;fwgdfly lghL / k'?ifsf] :jfldTj
oyfjt sfod /x'g'n] dlxnfx¿ xhf/f}+ jif{b]lv zf]if0f / pTkL8gdf lklN;g afWo
5g\ . To;}n] dlxnf ;dfgtfsf] cy{– pTkfbgsf ;fwg -;DklQ_ dfly dlxnfsf] klg
hGdl;4 ;dfg clwsf/ x'g' xf] . To;f] t pTkfbgsf ;fwgdfly JolQmut :jfldTj
x'g' g} dfG5]n] dfG5]dfly zf]if0f ug]{ sf/0f xf] . To;}n] zf]if0fljxLg
;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] :yfkgf ug{ pTkfbgsf ;fwgdflysf] JolQmut :jfldTj
k|0ffnLsf] cGt u/L ;j{xf/fju{sf] g]t[Tjdf ;fd"lxs :jfldTj k|0ffnLsf]
:yfkgf ul/g' kb{5 .
oxL
dfS;{jfbL dfGotfdf g]kfnsf] qmflGtsf/L dlxnf cfGbf]ngn]] k}lqs ;DklQdf
5f]/Ldfly klg ;dfg clwsf/sf] gf/fnfO{ dlxnf d'lQmsf] cfwf/ agfP/ ;+u7g /
;+3if{sf sfd cl3 a9fof] . cfd >dhLjL dlxnfnfO{ oxL gf/fdf cfGbf]ngdf
uf]naGb ug{ ;Sof] . cfh of] gf/f cfGbf]ngsf] ljifo dfq geP/ gof“ ;Qfsf]
cEof; ePsf d'VotM cfwf/Onfsfdf sfof{Gjogsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . To;}n] of]
a]nf qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngn] cfly{s gLltaf/]sf] sfddf ljsf; ug'{ h?/L 5 .
klxnf],
;j{xf/fju{sf] s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qf sAhf gubf{;Dd qmflGtsf/L dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] cfd
gf/f …k}t[s ;DklQdfly 5f]/LnfO{ klg ;dfg clwsf/Ú x'g' kb{5 . oxL gf/fsf
cfwf/df cfd dlxnfnfO{ ;+u7g / ;+3if{df ;xefuL agfpg' kb{5 . ;fy} cGo
;'wf/jfbL dlxnf ;+3x¿ ;d]t of] gf/fdf ;xdt x'g ;Sg] x'“bf k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qflj?4
;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngsf] ljifo aGg] x'“bf To;sf] nflu lg/Gt/ kxnsbdL ug{ h?/L
5 .
låtLo,
gof“ ;Qfsf] cEof; ePsf] 7fp“, d'VotM cfwf/Onfsfdf …k}lqs ;DklQdf 5f]/LnfO{ klg
5f]/f ;/x clwsf/Ú Jojxf/df sfof{Gjog u/]/ hfg' kb{5 . gof“ ;Qfdf dlxnfsf]
;d]t pNn]vgLo ;xeflutf ePsf]n] ;Qfåf/f Jojxf/df sfof{Gjog u/]/ hfg ;xh
x'g]5 . of] k|lqmof cGo If]qsf] nflu gd'gf / k|]/0ffsf] ljifo aGg]5 .
To;}n] oxf“ qmflGtsf/L dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] gLlt / of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf hd]/ nfuL
Jofjxfl/s k'li6 ug'{ kb{5 .
t[tLo,
gof“ ;Qfsf] cEof; ePsf :yfg d'VotM
cfwf/Onfsfdf k}lqs ;DklQdf ;dfg clwsf/sf] gLlt sfof{Gjog ePsf 7fp“df
dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;xsf/L pTkfbg / ;fd"lxs pTkfbg k|0ffnLdf ;xefuL agfpg'
kb{5 . cGttM JolQmut ;DklQ ju{ljefhg / ju{zf]if0fsf] sf/0f ePsfn] / 6'qm]
pTkfbg k|0ffnLn] pTkfbsTj ;d]t sd x'g] sf/0fn] ;fd"lxs k|lqmofsf] yfngL
ul/g' kb{5 . JolQmut :jfy{ Tofu]/ ;fd"lxs aGg] qmflGtsf/L r]tgf /
Jojxf/sf] gd'gf dlxnfaf6 yfngL ePsf] 5 . ;DklQsf dflns cfGbf]ngdf
nflu/x]sf k'?if sd/]8x¿n] cfºgf] ;DklQ yf]/} klg otfptf ug{ g;s]sf] a]nf
cfwf/Onfsfsf qmflGtsf/L dlxnfn] cfFkm"l;t ePsf gfssfgsf uxgf kf6L{ /
;+u7gdf a'emfPsf] tYo qmflGtsf/L r]tgf / l:kl/6df dfq gfKg ;lsG5 . o;y{
;dfhjfb x'“b} ;fDojfbdf hfg] xfd|f] qmflGtsf/L Wo]o / dlxnf d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{
k"0f{tf lbg] sbd eg]sf] ;fd"lxs pTkfbg k|0ffnL x'“b} ;fd"lxs
:jfldTjdf hfg' xf] . t;y{ qmflGtsf/L dlxnfaf6 To;sf] yfngL u/L of]
k|lqmofdf klg gd"gf (Model) aGg] / o;nfO{ cfddf lj:tf/ ug{
dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng' kb{5 .
rf}yf],
clxn] dxfg\ hgo'4 / qmflGtsf/L dlxnf cfGbf]ng qmflGtsf/L dlxnfsf] hLjgk|lqmof
alg/x]sf] 5 . clwsf+z dlxnf cfºgf] ;r]ttf / d'lQmsf] cfsf+Iffn] cfGbf]ngdf
;dflxt ePsf 5g\ . sltko cfºgf ;DalGwtsf sf/0fn] cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL ag]sf
5g\ . h]–h;/L / h;sf] sf/0fn] cfP klg j:t'tM o;n] cfGbf]ngsf] cfjZostf
k"/f u/]sf] 5 . h;/L cfGbf]ngdf ;dflxt eP klg d'VotM cfGbf]ngsf]
cfjZostf / cfºgf] Ifdtfcg';f/sf] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug'{ qmflGtsf/L dlxnfsf] bfloTj
xf] . oxL k|lqmofaf6 Jofjxfl/s / j}rfl/s–/fhg}lts Ifdtfsf] ljsf;;“u}
g]t[Tj Ifdtf / x}l;otdf klg tLj|tfdf ljsf; ePsf] 5 . xfd|f] h:tf] ;fdGtL
lkt[;QfjfbL cfly{s, ;fdflhs P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ldsf sf/0f k'?ifx¿n] lng]
:t/sf] lhDd]jf/L dlxnfn] lng g;Sg] s'/f :jfefljs xf] . t/ sltkodf cfGbf]ngsf]
cfjZostf / cfºgf] Ifdtfcg';f/ cfTdlge{/ 9+un] lhDdf lng] / k"/f ug]{eGbf
pRr lhDd]jf/L lnPsf cfºgf ;DalGwt sxf“
lge{/ /xg] ;d:of 5 . of] k/lge{/tf xf] / k/lge{/tf k/hLljtf klg xf] .
qmflGtsf/L x'g' eg]sf] cfTdlge{/tf klg xf] . qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngdf x/]sn]
cfºgf] Ifdtfcg';f/sf] sfd / k]l/; sDo'gsf] dfGotfcg'¿k x/]s sfdsf] nflu ;dfg
;'ljwf x'g'kb{5 . To;f] ePdf pRr txsf] lhDd]jf/L lng] cfºgf ;DalGwtsxF“
cfºgf cfjZostf / ;'ljwfsf] nflu k/lge{/ aGg] cfjZostf x'“b}g . ;fy}
dflyNnf] txl;t ;DaGw x'g]sf] ;'ljwfo'Qm hLjg / gx'g]sf] ;'ljwfljxLg hLjg
Jojxf/sf] leGgtf klg cGt x'g hfg] 5 . t;y{ qmflGtsf/L dlxnf cfGbf]ngn]
x/]sn] Ifdtfcg';f/ sfd ug{, h'g txsf] lhDdf lnP/ sfd u/] klg cfwf/e"t
cfjZostf / ;'ljwfsf] ;dfg dfkb08 sfod ug{ / dlxnfdf /x]sf] æqmflGtsf/L k/lge{/tfÆsf]
cGt ug{ ;dfgtf, :jtGqtf, :jfledfg / cfTdlge{/tfsf] nflu j}rfl/s–/fhg}lts /
Jofjxfl/s kxn lng h?/L 5 .
;+u7gfTds sfd
qmflGtsf/L
dlxnf cfGbf]ngn] ;kmntf xfl;n ug'{df ;j{xf/fju{sf] j}rfl/s–/fhg}lts g]t[Tjdf
;dfhsf >dhLjL / pTkLl8t dlxnfnfO{ ;+ul7t ug{ ;Sg' / of]hgfa4 cfGbf]ngsf ;a}
df]rf{df nufpg ;Sg' xf] . clxn] klg cfGbf]ngsf] pknlAwnfO{ /Iff ug{ /
clGtd ljhosf lgldQ k'gM ;+u7gsf] sfdnfO{ dxŒjk"0f{ sfdsf ¿kdf lng' h?/L
5 .
gof“
;Qfsf] cEof; ePsf Onfsfdf ;+u7g ;'b[9 ug]{ / d'VotM cfwf/Onfsfdf ;+u7g ;'b[9 /
j}rfl/s–/fhg}lts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts lx;fan] kl/0ffdd'vL gd'gf sfo{df
hf]8 lbg'kb{5 / o;nfO{ lj:tf/ ug]{ of]hgf agfpg'kb{5 .
/0fg}lts
k|Tofqmd0fsf] ljlzi6 / hl6n r/0fdf …;+u7gsf] d'Vo ¿k ;]gfÚ sf] cfjZostf / dxŒj
u'0ffTds 9+un] a9]sf] 5 . t;y{, cfºgf] ;Dk"0f{ ;+ul7t b:tfnfO{
j}rfl/s–/fhg}lts ¿kdf dfq xf]Og, ef}lts ¿kdf klg kmf}hLs/0f ug]{ sfdnfO{
dxŒjk"0f{ sfd agfpg'kb{5 . ;fy} ;+u7gsf] 7"nf] lx:;fnfO{ hgd'lQm
;]gfdf k7fpg] sfddf klg d'Vo hf]8 nufpg' kb{5 .
/0fg}lts
k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0f eg]sf] s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sAhf ug]{ r/0f ePsfn] ;+u7gsf] d'Vo sfd
zx/, ahf/ / b':dgsf] /fhwfgLdf agfpg' kb{5 . ;+ul7t hgzlQmn] dfq /0fg}lts
k|Tofqmd0f / To;sf] pRr ¿k cfd ;z:q ljb|f]xnfO{ ;kmn kfg{ / k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{
Wj+z ug{ ;Sg]5 . zx/, ahf/ / /fhwfgLsf] j:t'ut l:ylt / ljz]iftfn] Toxf“sf]
;f+u7lgs sfo{ u|fdL0f If]qdf eGbf km/s x'g' :jfefljs xf] . Toxf“ ;+u7g
lgdf{0f / kl/rfngdf e"ldut sfo{z}nL ckgfpg' kb{5 . pBf]u,
sf/vfgfnufotsf ;+:yfdf sfd ug{] dhb'/, ljBfyL{, lzlIfsf, Go"gj}tlgs
sd{rf/L, 3/]n' gf]s/, gfª\n], km'6kfy] / ;fgf Jofkf/L dlxnfx¿df cfºgf] ;f+u7lgs
sfdsf] s]Gb| agfpg' kb{5 . cfºgf] Jofjxfl/s snf, sf}zn / Ifdtfsf] sf/0f
dlxnfn] e"ldut ;+u7g / sfo{z}nLdf pNn]Vo ;kmntf xft kfg{ ;lsG5 .
;+3if{sf] sfd
gof“
;Qfsf] lgdf{0f / cEof; ePsf If]q / cfwf/Onfsfdf ;dfhsf ;a} If]qdf dlxnfnfO{
k'?if;/x ;dfg clwsf/sf] Jofjxfl/s cEof;df hf]8 lbg'kb{5 . ;j{xf/fju{sf]
g]t[Tjdf ag]sf ;Qfdf dlxnfsf] pNn]Vo ;xeflutfn] cfly{s–;fdflhs hLjgsf ;a}
If]qdf /x]sf] e]befj cGt ug{ ;d:ofnfO{ ;+ul7t ¿kdf p7fpg / j}rfl/s–/fhg}lts
¿kdf xn ug{ ljz]if Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
s]Gb|Lo
;Qf sAhf geO;s]sf] l:yltdf qmflGtsf/L dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] d'Vo sfd k'/fgf] ;Qfsf]
ljsNksf] ;+3if{sf] sfd xf] . cfºgf dfunfO{ d'Vo agfP/ PSn]} cGo hgju{sf
dful;t hf]8]/ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf lj?4 ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng ;+rfng ug{ / k'/fgf] ;Qfsf]
kmfl;jfbL gLltsf lj?4 / dlxnfsf ;femf dfudf cGo ;'wf/jfbL ;+zf]wgjfbL dlxnfl;t
;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngsf] nflu klg ljz]if kxn ug{ h?/L 5 . ;fy} ;+3if{sf] d'Vo ¿k
o'4 ePsf]n] k'/fgf] k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfsf lj?4sf] kmf}hL sfjf{xL ;+3if{sf] d'Vo /
lg0ff{os ¿k x'g] ePsf]n] To;k|sf/sf] kmf}hL ;+3if{df x/]s k|sf/sf] ;xof]u ug]{
/ ;xefuL aGg] ug{' kb{5 .
cGtdf,
clxn]sf] b'lgof“df ;j{xf/fju{sf] ;a}eGbf dfly– s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qf sAhfsf] r/0fdf–
p7]sf] g]kfnsf] hgo'4nfO{ ljhodf k'¥ofpg / hgo'4sf] aLraf6 k}bf ePsf] gof“
ljrf/ k|r08kynfO{ dfn]dfjfbsf tLgj6} ;+36s c+u– bz{g, /fhg}lts cy{zf:q /
j}1flgs ;dfhjfb– df ljsf; u/L @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] dfn]dfjfbsf] l;4fGtsf] :t/df
ljsf; ug]{ sfo{n] g]kfnsf] ;j{xf/fju{n] g]kfnL qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ dfq geO{
ljZj;j{xf/f juL{o qmflGtdf of]ubfg lbg] P]ltxfl;s cleef/f k"/f ub{}
5 . o;}sf] cleGg c+usf ¿ksf cl3 a9]sf] qmflGtsf/L dlxnf cfGbf]ngn]
b]zleqsf] cfGbf]ngsf ljrf/, /fhgLlt, ;+u7g / ;+3if{sf ;a} df]rf{df ;xefuL ag]/
cfºgf]] e"ldsf k"/f ug'{ kb{5 . ;fy}, g]kfnL dlxnfsf] qmflGtsf/L
cfGbf]ngsf cg'ejn] ljZje/sf >lds / pTkLl8t dlxnfsf] d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf ;xof]u
ug'{ kb{5 . To;sf] nflu cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf;sf] ;fk]Iftfdf cfºgf sfo{gLltsf]
ljsf; ub}{ /0fg}lts p2]Zo k"/f ug]{ cleofgdf b[9tfk"j{s nfUg cfjZos
5 .
r}q @)^!
@!cf}+ ztfAbLdf dlxnf d'lQm
cfGbf]ngsf] lbzf
) hok'/L 3tL{, cWoIf c=g]=d=;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_
dfgj;dfhsf]
ljsf;qmddf 7"nf–7"nf qmflGtx¿ ePsf 5g\ . tL qmflGtx¿df
dlxnfx¿sf] Jofks ;xeflutf / ;lqmo e"ldsf /x“b} cfPsf] kfOG5 . @)cf}+
ztfAbLdf ¿;, rLg, leotgfdnufot y'k|} b]zx¿df ePsf ;j{xf/f qmflGtx¿df klg
dlxnfx¿sf] ;xeflutf / e"ldsf lgs} pRr / dxŒjk"0f{ /x]sf] Oltxf;df
kfOG5 . km]l/ klg @!cf}+ ztfAbL;Dd cfOk'Ubf;d]t dlxnf pTkL8gx¿ Ho"sf
To"“ dfq xf]Og, cem ljs[t 9+un] r/d x'“b} uO/x]sf 5g\ . /fhg}lts, cfly{s,
;fdflhs, ;f+:s[ltsnufot x/]s If]qdf clwsf/ljxLg cj:yfdf dlxnfx¿ hLjg latfpg
afWo 5g\ . cem} klg csf{sf] cwLgdf k/lge{/ / k/cfl>t eP/ af“Rg] l:ylt
dlxnfsf] lsg eof] < k'?ifsf bf;, dgf]/~hgsf ;fwg / aRrf hGdfpg] d]lzgsf]
?kdf dlxnfnfO{ lrlgg' kg{] l:ylt lsg eof] < oL k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] xf] eg]
@!cf}+ ztfAbLsf dfG5]x¿n] pTkL8gsf sf/0f / xnsf] af6f] ulx/fOk"j{s vf]Hg'
k5{ / oxL ljifodf rrF{ ug{ ;fGble{s 7flgPsf] 5 .
s'g}
klg ju{, hflt, If]q / ln+udfly x'g] pTkL8g hGdhft ePsf] xf]Og . of] t
cflbd ;fDojfbL o'usf] cGTo;“u} hlGdPsf] lghL ;DklQ, ju{ljefhg / /fHo;Qfsf]
pTklQ;“u} ;'? ePsf] lyof] . /fHo;Qf eg]s} Pp6f ju{n] csf{] ju{dfly bdg
ug{] ;fwg ePsf]n] hlthlt /fHo;Qfsf] ljsf; x'“b} uof], ToltTolt pTkLl8t ju{x¿sf
clwsf/x¿ vf]l;b} uP . P+u]N; eGg'x'G5– ædft[;Qfsf] ktg dlxnfx¿sf]
ljZjP]ltxfl;s k/fho lyof] . k'?ifn] 3/df klg /fh sfod u/]/ dlxnfx¿nfO{
dgf]/~hgsf] ;fwg, s]jn aRrf hGdfpg] d]lzg / k'?ifsf] bf;sf] :t/df cjd"Nog
/ ckdflgt ul/of] .Æ jf:tljs ?kdf dlxnfx¿ sd/]8 P+u]N;n] eg]h:t} dft[;Qfsf]
cGTo;“u} ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/af6 al~rt x'g k'u] . /fhg}lts, cfly{s,
;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts x/]s If]qaf6 clwsf/ vf]l;P, h;sf] sf/0f ;dfhdf bf];|f]
bhf{sf] gful/ssf] ?kdf, k'?ifsf] v]nf}gf, aRrf hGdfpg] d]lzgsf] ?kdf x]g{
yflnof] / c;fWo 3[l0ft, ckdflgt / cjd"Nogsf] hLjg latfpg dlxnfx¿ afWo
x'“b} cfP .
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l:yltnfO{ b]v]/ b'lgof“df x/]s pTkL8gsf] ljifodf sf/s tŒj s] xf] eGg]
rrf{–kl/rrf{sf] ljifo aGof] . dlxnf pTkL8g / d'lQmsf] ljifodf klg lgs}
rrf{ eP / d'lQmsf] af6f] klg vf]h] . To;df klxnf] s'/f] s'g} klg dflg;n]
j:t'nfO{ s;/L x]5{ / b]V5 eGg] s'/f] d'Vo /x]5 . clg dfq xnsf] af6f] kQf
nfUbf] /x]5 . dlxnf pTkL8g klg sd/]8 dfS;{n] eGg'ePem}+ b'lgof“nfO{ a'‰g]
/ JofVof ug{] s'/f] d'Vo xf]Og . d'Vo s'/f] t b'lgof“nfO{ abNg] g}
xf] . o;/L g} dlxnf d'lQmsf] s'/f t w]/}n] ub{} cfPsf 5g\ . t/
jf:tljs d'lQm lbnfpg] ljifodf ;d:of ePsf] 5 . o;df km]l/ klg pTkL8gsf] ;xL
h/f] kQf nufpg] / xn lbg]d} ;d:of /lxcfPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ hlt dlxnf
d'lQmsf] /fk cnfk] klg cfh;Dd jf:tljs d'lQm x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o;/L x]bf{
klxnf] s'/f o;sf] d"n h/f] s] xf] kQf nufpg cfjZos 5 . o;df ljleGg
b[li6sf]0fx¿ 5g\ . klxnf]– cfbz{jfbL b[li6sf]0fn] dlxnf pTkL8gsf] d'Vo
;|f]t s'g} b}jLo zlQm cyf{t\ wd{–sd{, efUoh:tf ;fdGtL ¿l9jfbL 9+un] b]V5 /
JofVof ub{5, h;sf] sf/0fn] dlxnfx¿nfO{ kk{'/f]df xft /fv]/ xLgtf, s'07f, lg/fzf
/ knfogsf] l:yltdf k'¥ofOlbG5 / ultxLg, hLjgxLg, sNkgfdf 8'Ag] / cGwsf/do
agfOlbG5 . o;n] d'lQmsf] af6f] s'g} b]Vb}g, ljb|f]x ug{] s'/fnfO{ dGb
agfOlbG5 . o;sf] p2]Zo ;fdGtL lkt[;QfjfbL /fHo;Qfsf] cfo' a9fpg ;w}+
dlxnfx¿n] bf;L hLjg latfO/fv"g\ eGg] x'G5 . o;/L dlxnf d'lQm
cfGbf]ngdf sNkgfjfbL wf/sf] ljsf; ePsf] kfOG5 . cfbz{jfbsf] csf{] ?k dlxnf
pTkL8gsf] ;|f]t ln+ue]b xf] eGg] b]V5 / Ps–csf{]nfO{ lgif]w u/]/ hfg] af6f]
klxNofp“5 . o;df b'j} sf]0faf6 cfp“5 . lkt[;Qfjfbn] dlxnfx¿ ln+uLo ?kn] g}
sdhf]/ x'G5g\, h;sf] sf/0f k'?ifsf] bf;L aGg'k5{, dgf]/~hgsf] ;fwg, aRrf
hGdfpg] d]lzgsf] ?kdf a'‰g] / bdg ug{] ultjfbL sf]0f . bf];|f] dlxnfjfbL
sf]0f– h;n] ln+ue]bs} sf/0f dlxnfn] pTkL8g ef]Ug' k/]sf] eGg] b]Vb5 / csf{]
cltlt/ n}hfG5 . lkt[;QfjfbL sf]0fn] oyfl:yltdf dlxnfx¿nfO{ /fVg rfxG5 eg]
dlxnfjfbL sf]0fn] csf{] cltlt/ uP klg oyfl:ylt / ¿l9jfbnfO{ tf]8\g vf]H5 .
o;n] ubf{ d'Vo ;d:of lkt[;Qfjfb g} xf] eg] dlxnfjfb ;xfos xf] . of]
dlxnfjfbL wf/ ljz]if u/L k'“hLjfbsf] ljsf; ePkl5 ha dlxnfx¿ pBf]uwGbfdf ;fd]n
eP Toltv]/b]lv ljsf; eP/ cfPsf] kfOG5 . ;fdGtL lkt[;Qfjfbn] dlxnfx¿nfO{
/0fg}lts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts x/]s If]qaf6 clwsf/ljxLg agfO{ 3/kl/jf/leq
s}b u/L r'nf]rf}sf], kfgLk“w]/f]df ;Lldt / aRrf hGdfpg] d]lzgsf] ?kdf lnG5 eg]
;fd|fHojfbn] :j]R5fk|]dsf] gfddf c/fhs, 5f8f / ljs[t agfOlbG5 . of}g
k|]dsf] gfddf j]Zofj[lQ ug{] ;dln+uLo gUg k|bz{g, ;'Gb/L k|ltof]lutfnufot
;fdfGo ;'wf/sf] nflu Pg=hL=cf]=÷cfO{=Pg=hL=cf] h:tf ;+:yfsf lqmofsnfkaf6
;dfhnfO{ e|i6 / ljs[t agfO/fv]sf] 5 . o;}nfO{ dlxnf d'lQm eGb} b'lgof“df
e|ldt agfO/fv]sf] 5 . cGttM oL b'j} sf]0f htfaf6 cfP klg ?kdf leGg b]lvP
klg ;f/tM dlxnfx¿dfly pTkL8g u/]s} x'G5 . o;n] jf:tljs d'lQm x'g}
;Sb}g . ;fd|fHojfbn] dlxnf d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf a'h{'jf wf/sf] k|ltlglwTj
ub{5 . bf];|f], P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL b[li6sf]0f h;n] dlxnf pTkL8gsf]
d"n ;|f]t cfly{s–;fdflhs xf] . ljz]ifu/L lghL ;DklQsf] pbo, ju{ljefhg
/ /fHo;Qfsf] pTklQ;“u} dlxnf pTkL8gsf] ;'?jft ePsf] xf] . To;sf/0f dlxnf
pTkL8g juL{o pTkL8g;“u hf]l8Psf]n] dlxnf d'lQm klg juL{o d'lQm;“u dfq ;Dej 5
eGg] ef}ltsjfbL dfGotfg';f/ cufl8 a9]sf] 5 . of] g} j}1flgs / ;xL dlxnf
d'lQmsf] af6f] xf] . of] g} ;j{xf/fjuL{o wf/ xf] . sd/]8 dfS;{n]
eGg'ePsf] 5– æha;Dd dlxnfx¿ 3/leqsf] r'nf]rf}sf]af6 lg:s]/ ;fdflhs ?kn] pkof]uL
pTkfbg lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg aGg] k|lqmof cufl8 a9\b}g, ta;Dd jf:tljs d'lQm xfl;n
x'g ;Sb}g .Æ of] j}1flgs egfOnfO{ Xbob]lv cfTd;ft\ ug{ h?/L 5 .
;f“lRrs} dlxnfx¿nfO{ 3/sf] r'nf]rf}sf]af6 lgsfn]/ ;fdflhs / pTkfbgof]Uo sfo{df
gnufP;Dd ;dfh ljsf;sf] qmdnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg ;lsGg .
o;/L
dlxnf pTkL8g / d'lQmnfO{ x]g{] / a'‰g] ;jfndf ljZjdf ljleGg b[li6sf]0f / wf/x¿
b]vfkb{} cfP . ha;Dd ;dfhdf ju{ /lx/xG5 ta;Dd oL b[li6sf]0f / wf/x¿ klg
/lx/xG5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ljlzi6 ljZn]if0f eP klg ;du| ljZjdlxnf d'lQm
cfGbf]ngdf ljz]if u/L b'O{vfnsf b[li6sf]0f / wf/x¿ /x“b} cfPsf 5g\ . ca
@!cf}+ ztfAbLdf jf:tljs dlxnf d'lQmsf] nflu s'g b[li6sf]0f / af6f] c+ufNg] eGg]
s'/f d'Vo ljifo aGg cfPsf] 5 . cfbz{jfbL b[li6sf]0fn] Pp6f dlxnfsf]
hGdlbgsf] kmn, wd{–sd{ / efUosf] sf/0fh:tf sf]0faf6 JofVof u/]/ dlxnfx¿n]
pTkL8g ef]Ug' k/]sf] xf] eGb5 / k"/} hLjgxLg, ultxLg, xLgtf, s'07f,
lg/fzfdf b'lgof“nfO{ km;fOlbG5 . s'g} af6f] gb]Vg] cGwsf/ agfOlbG5 eg]
cfbz{jfbsf] csf{] ?k a'h{'jf wf/n] dlxnf d'lQmnfO{ ln+ue]bdf n}hfG5 / of}gk|]d,
ljjfxdf :j]R5f eGg] gfddf 5f8f / ljs[t agfOlbG5, ;fdfGo ;'wf/h:tf gf/f lbP/
b'lgof“nfO{ n¶ agfOlbG5 . cGttM ;fDojfb / ;fd|fHojfbLx¿n] dlxnfx¿nfO{
b[li6ljxLg / ljrf/ljxLg agfP/ wd{–sd{, efUo–sd{sf] kmn, of}gk|]dsf] / ;fdfGo
;'wf/sf] ljifv'jfP/ ljb|f]x ug{] IfdtfnfO{ dGb agfO/fv]sf] 5 . of]
;Dk"0f{ pTkLl8t ju{, hflt, If]qx¿sf] xsdf klg nfu" x'G5 . csf{]
sNkgfjfbL / a'h{'jf wf/sf] h/f sf6\b} cfd pTkLl8t >lds hgtf / dlxnfx¿sf]
g]t[Tjdf ;+3if{ ub{}, hgjfb, ;dfhjfb / ;fDojfb;Dd k'u]/ dfq} jf:tljs d'lQm ;Dej
5 eGg] ;j{xf/fjfbL wf/ dfS;{, n]lgg, dfcf] / k|r08ky;Dd cfPsf] 5 .
;j{xf/fjfbL
wf/sf] g]t[Tj, cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf g]t[ Snf/f h]6\lsg, /f]hf, sf]nf]GtfO{, lrofª
lrªnufotn] ub{} cfpg' ePsf] 5 eg] dlxnf d'lQmsf] jf:tljs r'/f] kQf nufpg] sd/]8
dfS;{ g} x'g'x'G5 . ljZj;j{xf/fju{sf dxfg\ g]tf sfn{ dfS;{n] dlxnf pTkL8g,
cfly{s, ;fdflhs pTkL8g;“u hf]l8Psf]n] pTkLl8t ju{sf] d'lQm;“u dfq dlxnf d'lQm
;Dej 5 eGg] l;4fGt k|ltkfbg ug{'eof] / Jojxf/df k|of]u ug{ ;'? ug{'eof] .
To;nfO{ sd/]8 n]lggn] ¿;df cfly{s, /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs hLjgsf ;a} If]qdf
dlxnfx¿nfO{ k'?if;/x ;dfg ;xeflutf / ;lqmotfsf] jftfj/0f tof/ kf/]/ Jojxf/df
nfu" ug{'eof] . sd/]8 dfcf]n] cw{;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs rLgdf
clzlIft / ckx]lnt ls;fg dlxnfx¿ ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf] lj?4 n8\g ;Sg] ck/fho
kmf}hdf kl/0ft x'g;S5g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ Jojxf/df k|of]u u/]/ b]vfOlbg'
eof] . g]kfndf sd/]8 k|r08n] @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf dlxnfx¿ qmflGt ;DkGg ug{] /
k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg ;Sg] zlQmsf] ?kdf kl/eflift ub{} cfd dlxnfx¿nfO{ hgo'4df
xf]ldg] / kf6L{, ;]gf, ;Qfnufot ;a} If]qdf ;lqmo / Jofks ;xefuL aGg]df tLj|tf
lbO{ ljZjnfO{ g} rlst kfl/lbg] ePsf] 5 . o; cy{df g]kfnL dlxnfx¿n] @!cf}+
ztfAbLdf jf:tljs d'lQm k|fKt ul/5f8\g] 5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] k|dfl0ft x'G5 .
@!cf}+
ztfAbLdf g cGwljZjf;, ¿l9jfbL / ;fdGtL lkt[;QfjfbL lrGtgaf6 k}bf x'g] sNkgfjfbL
;f+]rn] dlxnf d'lQm ;Dej 5, g t ;fd|fHojfbL 5f8f, c/fhs, ljs[t / e|i6 lrGtgaf6
k}bf x'g] a'h{'jf wf/n] g} dlxnf d'lQm ;Dej 5 . dlxnf d'lQm dfn]dfjfb /
k|r08kysf] ;j{xf/f ljrf/n] n}; ePsf] ;j{xf/fjfbL wf/n] dfq ;Dej 5 . h;n]
ljrf/ / b[li6xLg wf/sf] h/fnfO{ sf6\b} k'/fgf] k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfsf] Wj+; / gof“
hgjfbL ;Qfsf] lgdf{0f x'“b} hgjfb, ;dfhjfb, ;fDojfb;Dd k'Ug] sfo{lbzf to ub{5,
To;n] dfq @!cf}+ ztfAbLdf dlxnfx¿sf] k"0f{ / jf:tljs d'lQm ;Dej
x'g]5 .
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klg ;+u7gsf] cfºgf] nIo / p2]Zo x'G5 . lagfnIo / p2]Zosf] ;+u7g ;+u7g geP/
cfjf/fx¿sf] ;d"x x'G5 . ;+u7gsf] nIo ls6fg ubf{ To;df ;f] ;+u7gsf]
juL{o b[li6sf]0f cleJoQm ePsf] x'G5 . olb ;+u7gn] cfbz{jfbL–k'“hLjfbL
b[li6sf]0f lnPsf] 5 eg] To;sf] nIo / p2]Zo klg ;fdGtL, k'“hLklt / zf]ifs ju{sf]
;]jf ug{] x'G5 . To:t}u/L ;+u7gn] åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL ;j{xf/f b[li6sf]0f
lnPsf] 5 eg] To;n] ;j{xf/f zf]lift–kLl8t ju{sf] ;]jf ug{] nIo lng] ub{5 .
;+u7gsf] juL{o kIfw/tfcg';f/ To;sf] kyk|bz{s l;4fGt klg x'G5 / To;}sf] cfwf/df
;+u7gsf] gLlt / of]hgfx¿ to ul/G5g\ .
o;}cg';f/
c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ klg åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL b[li6sf]0fn] o'Qm ;j{xf/f juL{o
kIfw/tf lnPsf] zf]lift–pTkLl8t ju{ d'VotM pTkLl8t dlxnf ju{sf] ;]jf ug{] ;+u7g
xf] . o;n] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb / k|r08kynfO{ cfºgf] kyk|bz{s l;4fGt
dfg]sf] 5 . ;dfhdf dlxnfdfly x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf pTkL8gsf] ;|f]t jt{dfg
lxGb" lkt[;QfjfbL ;fdGtL /fHo;Qf g} xf] / ;a} pTkLl8t ju{;“u Psfsf/ eO{
o;sf] ;d"n gi6 u/]/ Gofo, ;dfgtf / :jtGqtfsf] cfwf/df gof“ ;Qf lgdf{0f
u/]kl5 dfq dlxnfdfly x'g] ;Dk"0f{ pTkL8gsf] klg cGTo x'G5 eGg] o;sf] 7x/
5 . o;}n] æ/fHo;Qf afx]s ;a} e|d xf]Æ eGg] s= dfcf]sf] egfOnfO{ cfTd;ft\
ub{} o;n] /fHo;Qf k|flKtsf] n8fO{+nfO{ cfºgf] d'Vo nIo agfPsf] 5 .
o;}cg';f/ cfºgf gLlt, of]hgf / sfo{qmd to ub{} cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 .
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/ g]t[Tjsf] aLrdf cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGw /x]sf] x'G5 . oL b'j} Ps–csf{sf]
cefjdf ck"0f{ x'G5g\ . ;+u7gsf gLlt, of]hgf / sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{]
g]t[Tjsf] Ps ;zQm …u|LkÚ h?/t kb{5 . st{Jolgi7 / ;dlk{t g]t[Tjn] dfq cfd
sfo{stf{ / hg;d'bfosf] ;fy lnP/ of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;S5 / ;+u7gn] afl~5t p2]Zo
k|fKt ug{ ;S5 . ;+u7gsf gLlt / of]hgf hlt;'s} ;xL / qmflGtsf/L lsg gx'g\,
To;nfO{ b[9tfk"j{s cfTd;ft\ u/]/ Jojxf/df xfdkmfNg] ;fxl;s g]t[Tj ePg eg]
;+u7gn] ult lng ;Sb}g . lgZro klg c=g]=d=;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_ Ps o:tf] ;+u7g xf], h;df xhf/f}+ sfo{stf{;lxt g]t[Tj u|Lksf] Ps
cljlR5Gg >[+vnf /x]sf] 5 . h:tf];'s} sl7g 38Ldf klg j}rfl/s
k|lta4tfcg';f/ Odfgbf/Lk"j{s ;+u7gsf gLlt / of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ of] sl6a4
/x]sf] 5 . hgtfsf ;a} ju{, hft, tx / tKsfsf pTkLl8t dlxnfx¿sf] ;xeflutfåf/f
;d[4 ag]sf] of] ;+u7gdf gLlt, of]hgf / g]t[Tjsf] ;xL ;+of]hg ePs} sf/0f dlxnf
d'lQm cfGbf]ng / juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ngn] tLj| ult lnO/x]sf] 5 . xfdLn]
b]lv/x]sf 5f}+, kltsf] r/0fsf] bf;L eP/ …klt k/d]Zj/Ú eGb} h:tf];'s} pTkL8g klg
r'krfk ;xg] dlxnfx¿ cfh k'?if;/x ;dfg clwsf/sf nflu dfu ub{} ;8sb]lv ;z:q
;+3if{;Dd nfda4 ePsf 5g\ . lxhf] …canfÚ cyf{t\ an, a'l4, ;Lk / Ifdtf s]xL
gePsf egL x]lkPsf / r]lkPsf dlxnfx¿ cfh k'?if;/x sf“wdf sf“w ldnfp“b} n8fOsf]
d}bfgdf xf];\ jf /fhg}lts If]qdf, cfly{s pTkfbgdf xf];\ of ;f+:s[lts If]qdf,
hgsDo'g lgdf{0f ug{ xf];\ of ;Qf ;~rfng ug{, ;a}lt/ cfºgf ;Lk / Ifdtfsf clåtLo
gd'gfx¿, ;fx;, Tofu / alnbfgsf pRrtd sLlt{dfg\x¿ sfod ub{} cufl8 al9/x]sf
5g\ . o;n] ubf{ cfh g]kfnL dlxnf d'lQm cfGbf]ng s]jn nfvf}+ g]kfnL
dlxnfx¿sf] d'lQmsf] dfu{ dfq geP/ c/af}+ ljZjsf pTkLl8t dlxnfx¿sf] cfzf Pj+
e/f];fsf] s]Gb| ePsf] 5 . o;/L cfkm"aLr / aflx/ ePsf ;a} unt lrGtg /
k|j[lQx¿nfO{ k/f:t ub{} cfGbf]ng tLj|td ultdf cufl8 a9\g'df ;+u7gn] lnPsf]
dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] ljrf/ / Tof]cg';f/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf of]hgf / sfo{qmdx¿ clg
To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{] g]t[Tjsf] b[9tf, k|lta4tf, sfo{s'zntf / ultzLntf g} xf]
. o;df s'g} z+sf 5}g / /xg' x'“b}g klg .
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s'/f xfdLn] e'Ng' x'“b}g ls xfdL o'4df 5f}+ . o'4df g]t[Tj ;+Vof / u'0f
b'j} b[li6n] ;Ifd / k"0f{ slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g, Tof] ;fk]If k"0f{ dfq
x'G5 . lsgeg] o'4 Psflt/ clgZrotfsf] If]q xf] . s}of}+ cg'ejL,
k'/fgf, ;Ifd qmflGtsf/L g]t[Tjsf] alnbfgL eO/x]s} x'G5 . csf{]lt/ o'4n]
gof“ ;Defjgfsf 9f]sfx¿ vf]Nb} Jofks If]q lj:tf/ ub{} cufl8 a9\5 . g]t[Tj cfGbf]ngn]
ljsf; u/]sf x/]s ;sf/fTds s8LnfO{ kS8]/ cufl8 a9\g' k5{ . oBlk c=g]=d=;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_ leq j}rfl/s / /fhg}lts ?kn] kl/kSj g]t[Tjsf] e/f];fof]Uo u|Lk /
xhf/f}+ sfo{stf{sf] ;fy 5, tfklg of] kof{Kt / k"0f{ 5 eGg ;lsb}g . To;}n]
xfdLn] s;/L ;+u7gsf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{sf] ;}4flGts :t/ ljsf; u/]/ j}rfl/s ?kdf
kl/kSj agfpg], s;/L To;sf] lk/fdL8 z}nLdf ljsf; ePsf] cljlR5Gg / cgGt >[+vnf
tof/ ug{] cflb ljifodf uDeL/tfk"j{s 5nkmn rnfpg h?/L 5 . ;j{k|ydtM
xfd|f] lrGtf hg;+Vofsf] cfwf efu cf]u6]sf] dlxnf ;d'bfonfO{ s;/L cfGbf]ngsf]
bfo/fdf ;dfj]z ug{] eGg] x'g'kb{5 . x/]s pTkLl8t ju{, hflt, If]q tyf k]zf
;a}lt/ dlxnf ju{sf] cfwf lx:;f /xg'sf] ;fy} lkt[;QfjfbL pTkL8gsf] yk df/df;d]t
dlxnfx¿ k/]sf x'G5g\ . To;}n] pTkLl8tsf] klg pTkLl8t dlxnf ;d'bfo
xf] . /, of] cfGbf]ngsf] cfwf/e"t zlQm xf] . dlxnf ;xeflutfn]
s'g} klg cfGbf]ngnfO{ lg0ff{os agfp“5 . cfGbf]ngdf dlxnfx¿sf] dxŒj /
e"ldsfsf] ulx/f] dd{af]w u/]/ g} s= k|r08 eGg'x'G5– ælglZrt b]z, sfn,
kl/l:ylt / /fhg}lts, cfly{s Pj+ ;f+:s[lts zf]if0f, pTkL8gsf lj?4 cfd hgtfsf]
n8fO“df ljho Psflt/ dlxnf ;xeflutfdf lge{/ ub{5 eg] csf{]lt/ ToxL / s]jn ToxL
dfq dlxnf d'lQmsf] af6f] aGb5 .Æ o;nfO{ xfdLn] uDeL/tfk"j{s lng h?/L
5 . ;a} pTkLl8t ju{, hflt, If]q / k]zfdf /x]sf dlxnfx¿nfO{ s]jn dlxnf
;+u7gsf] dfWodaf6 eGbf klg ;a} Gofok"0f{ qmflGtsf/L ;+u7gdf cfa4 ub{}
cufl8 a9fpg' kb{5 . ;a}lt/af6 ;d'Rr kxn x'g ;Sof] eg] dfq xfd|f] of]
dxfcleofg k"/f x'g]5 .
csf{]
dxŒjk"0f{ k|Zg cfGbf]ngdf ;dk{0fefjsf ;fy h;/L sfo{stf{sf] ckf/ zlQmsf]
cfudg eO/x]sf] 5, To;nfO{ s;/L j}rfl/s ?kn] :ki6 / Jofjxfl/s ?kn] s'zn agfpg]
eGg] xf] . sd/]8 n]lgg eGg'x'G5– æqmflGtsf/L l;4fGtlagf s'g} klg
qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ng x'g} ;Sb}g .Æ @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] qmflGtsf/L l;4fGt
eg]sf] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb / k|r08ky xf] . of] ;j{xf/fju{sf] bz{g xf] .
bz{g ePs}n] of] lj1fg klg xf], ;dfh ljsf;sf] lj1fg . lj1fgn] k|of]usf] dfu
ub{5 / k|of]us} qmddf ljsl;t klg x'“b} hfG5 . dfn]dfjfb / k|r08ky klg
k|of]us} aLraf6 ;d[4 alg/x]sf] 5 . ;fy} ljrf/sf] Jofjxfl/s k|of]usf] qmddf
o;df ljleGg e8\sfj k}bf x'g] ub{5g\ . ljrf/nfO{ s]jn ljrf/s} xb;Dd a'‰g],
JofVofdf dfq ;Lldt ug{], To;nfO{ Jojxf/df k|of]u u/L ;j{xf/fju{sf] ;Qf
k|flKtsf] xltof/sf] ?kdf glng], ljleGg s'ts{åf/f To;sf] d"n dd{nfO{
tf]8d/f]8 ug{] / cGttM k|ltlqmofjfbL ju{s} ;]jfdf k'¥ofpg] blIf0fkGyL e8\sfj
xf] . cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf; / g]kfnL sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf
klg blIf0fkGyL e8\sfj g} d'Vo j}rfl/s ;d:of xf] . o;df xfdL :ki6
x'g'kb{5 . o:t}u/L ljrf/sf] Jofjxfl/s k|of]usf] qmddf lg/Gt/ ultsf] ?kdf
ga'‰g], To;sf] l;h{gzLntfnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{], To;nfO{ l:y/tf / h8\tfsf] ?kdf
a'‰g] csf{] h8;"qjfbL e8\sfj xf] . o;df klg ;hu / ;ts{ /xg}
kb{5 . ljrf/ Jojxf/–1fg km]l/ Jojxf/ x'“b} at{'nfsf/ ultdf a9\b}
hfG5 . ljrf/ / Jojxf/sf] of] åGåfTds l;4fGtnfO{ -;DaGwnfO{_ xfdLn]
cfTd;ftLs/0f u/]/ lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9\b} hfg' kb{5 . o;qmddf cg]sf}+ df]8x¿
cfpg ;S5g\ lsgls clxn] xfdL eLif0f qmflGt / k|ltqmflGtsf] aLraf6 u'lh|/x]sf
5f}+ . j}rfl/s :ki6tf x'g ;s]g eg] csd{0otf, s'07f, knfog / cfTd;dk{0fjfbL
;f]rx¿ klg cfpg ;S5g\ . oxf“g]/ Ps sljsf] sljtf+z :d/0f ubf{ ;fGble{s g}
xf]nf . æcfdf zq' eP klg, afaf zq' eP klg anjfg ljrf/} xf], hf]–hf] htf uP
klg .Æ To;}n] x/]s s7Lg 38Ldf ljrf/nfO{ s]Gb|df /fvL To;nfO{ ulx/f];“u
kS8]/ cfGbf]ngsf] s8Ldf k/LIf0f ub{} hfg'kb{5 . h:t} cf“wL–t'kmfgsf]
aLraf6 klg 8'+ufnfO{ kf/ nufpg ;Sg] s'zn rfns g} jf:tjdf s'zn g]t[Tj xf] .
ljrf/sf]
ljsf;df cWoog / 5nkmnsf] klg TolQs} dxŒj x'G5 . xfdLn] cfºgf] cWoogsf]
ljifoj:t' bz{g, /fhgLlt, cy{zf:q, Oltxf;, e"uf]n, ;flxTo–snf cflb agfpg'
k5{, k/Gt' cWoogsf] Go"Sn; eg] dfn]dfjfb / k|r08ky, d'VotM k|r08ky g}
agfpg' k5{ lsgeg] xfdL PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf g]kfndf qmflGt ;DkGg ub{}5f}+ /
k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg] P]ltxfl;s lhDd]jf/L klg xfd|f] sf“wdf 5 . To;}n] xfdLn]
¿;, rLg, leotgfdnufotsf d'n'ssf ljifoj:t' cWoog ug{ t k5{ g} t/ klg ljz]iftM
xfdLn] g]kfn k9\g h?/L 5 . oxf“sf] e"uf]n, Oltxf;, ju{cGtlj{/f]w,
ju{;+3if{, hftLo, If]qLo, n}+lus ;d:ofx¿, ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf cflb ;a} ;"Id
cWoog ug{ h?/L 5, h;sf] cfwf/df xfdL xfd|f sfo{gLltx¿ to ub{} /0fg}lts nIo;Dd
k'Ug ;kmn x'g]5f}+ . o;sf nflu xfdLn] cWoognfO{ vfln cWoogsf nflu dfq}
;Lldt gu/L 5nkmn–cGtlqm{ofsf] ljifo klg agfpg' kb{5 . x/]s ljifoj:t'df
5nkmn–cGtlqm{of rnfp“b} hfg' kb{5, h;n] ubf{ xfdLdf ljifoj:t'af/] :ki6tf
cfpg'sf ;fy} c¿nfO{ klg :ki6 kfg{ ;lsG5 . 5nkmn ubf{ ;b}j Wofg lbg] ljifo
s] xf] eg] 5nkmnnfO{ dfq 5nkmndf ;Lldt ug{' x'“b}g . ts{b]lv ts{;Ddsf]
cgGt vf8ndf km:g' x'“b}g . 5nkmnnfO{ æjfb]–jfb] hfot] tŒjaf]wÆ eg]em}+
tTjaf]w ug{] xb;Dd n}hfg' kb{5 . cyf{t\ jfb–ljjfb–;+jfbsf] lgisif{;Dd
k'¥ofpg' kb{5 . xfdLdf obfsbf cWoogdf pbf;Lgtf / 5nkmndf lxrlsrfx6 k}bf
x'g] ub{5 . of] dlxnf ju{df P]ltxfl;s ?kn] ljsf; ePsf] bf; dfgl;stfsf] pkh
xf] . j}lbs sfndf ufuL{ / d}qLoh:tf ts{zLn dlxnfx¿ klg lyP . pgLx¿n]
of] k[YjL a|Dxf08df c8]sf] 5 eg] a|Dxf08 s] df c8]sf] 5 eg]/ ts{–ljts{
ub{y] . k/Gt' pgLx¿sf] 5nkmnnfO{ ;sf/fTds ?kdf lng'sf] ;§f a9L gaf]n, lha|f]
y'ltPnf eGb} bafOPsf 36gfx¿ kfOG5g\ . clxn] xfdLn] Oltxf;sf oL tfls{s
Ifdtfsf s8Lx¿nfO{ hf]8\b} 5nkmn cGtlqm{ofdf lagflxRsrfx6 ;xefuL aGb} hfg'
cfjZos 5 . h;n] xfd|f] ljrf/nfO{ pRr / Jojxf/nfO{ s'zn kfg{ ;Sg]5 .
gof“
cfGbf]ng xd];f gof“–gof“ ;Defjgfx¿ k}bf ub{} ljsf; x'G5 . g]t[Tjn] cufl8
a9]/ To;sf] g]t[Tj ug{'kb{5 . lgZro g} clxn] xfd|f] cufl8 cfGbf]ngn] k}bf
u/]sf dxfg\ ;Defjgf / uDeL/ r'gf}tLx¿ klg 5g\ . Psflt/ g]kfnL hgd'lQm
cfGbf]ng ljhosf] lzv/ r'Db} ljZjqmflGtsf] 9f]sf vf]Ng lblUjhosf] ofqf ;'? x'g]
dxfg\ ;Defjgf 5 eg] csf{]lt/ qmflGtkl5 x'g] k|ltqmflGtsf] uDeL/ r'gf}tL klg
TolQs} 5 . sd/]8 k|r08 eGg'x'G5– æqmflGt ;DkGg ug{] dfq xf]Og, qmflGt
;DkGg e;s]kl5 ;Qfdf x'g] k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sg ;d]t dlxnfx¿sf] lg0ff{os
e"ldsf /xg] ub{5 .Æ o;nfO{ xfdLn] b[9tfk"j{s cfTd;ftLs/0f
ug{'kb{5 .
w
k|r08ky / dlxnf d'lQm
? sdnf /f]sf
ædlxnfx¿;“u
qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ dfq xf]Og, PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg ;Sg] tfut klg
plQs} 5 .Æ — sd/]8 k|r08 .
cfhsf]
PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] o'udf qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ / k|ltqmflGt
/f]Sg] s'/f sd rfgr'g] xf]Og . g]kfnL qmflGtsf dfu{bz{s cWoIf s= k|r08n]
eGg'eP´}+ ;dfhsf ;a}eGbf pTkLl8t ;d'bfo dlxnfx¿;“u qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ /
PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg;Sg] tfut;d]t e/k"/ dfqfdf /x]sf]
kfOG5 . /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] eLif0f / lg0ff{os r/0f;Dd cfOk'Ubf dxfg\
hgo'4n] ljhosf] lzv/lt/ plSngsf] nflu xhf/f}+ g]kfnL hgtfn] cfkm"nfO{
xf“;Lxf“;L alnj]bLdf r9fO;s]sf 5g\ eg] nfvf}+n] cf“;' / kl;gf aufp“b} hgo'4sf]
af6f] k5\ØfO/x]sf 5g\ . ltg} g]kfnL hgtfn] hgo'4df vr]{sf /ut, kl;gf /
cf“;'sf] ;+Zn]lift ?k dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] lj1fg / ljlwdf ljsl;t ePsf]
5 . of] lj1fg / ljlwn] aL;f}+ ztfAbLsf] dfcf]sfnLg o'ueGbf cufl8 a9]/
g]kfnsf pTkLl8t hg;d'bfonfO{ k|ToIf dfu{bz{g ul//x]sf] 5 eg] ljZjel/sf
;j{xf/fju{nfO{ gof“ ;Gb]z lbO/x]sf] 5 . k|r08kysf] ljz]iftf eg]sf] ;dfhdf
/x]sf ;a}eGbf pTkLl8t ju{, hflt / ;d'bfox¿dfly ljZjf; u/]/ g} qmflGt ug'{
/x]sf] 5 . t;y{ cWoIf s= k|r08n] xfdLnfO{ af/Daf/ eGg'x'G5, æOltxf;sf
lgdf{tf cfºg} >dk|lqmofåf/f ;+;f/ abNg] hg;d'bfonfO{ dflgPsf] 5 .Æ
ljBdfg k'/fgf] /fHo;+/rgfleq af“Rg ljjz g]kfnL dlxnfx¿, h;sf] cfºgf] gfddf lghL
;DklQ s]xL klg 5}g / ;f“lRrs} ;j{xf/fju{h:t} sl7g kl/>dåf/f cfºgf] hLjg
Joltt ul//x]sf 5g\, ltg} ;j{xf/f dflgg] g]kfnL dlxnfx¿ ljut @)%@ kmfu'g !
ut]b]lv g} dlxnf d'lQm / ;j{xf/fjuL{o d'lQmsf nflu k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] lj?4 ljb|f]x
u/L ju{o'4sf] dxf;d/df ;dflxt eO/x]sf 5g\ .
g]kfnL
hgo'4n] ljleGg cf/f]x / cj/f]x kf/ ub}{ s}of}+ 3'DtL / df]8x¿ sf6\b} gjf}+
cf“wLdo j;Gtx¿ k"/f u/L /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0f;“u} bzf}+ uf}/jzfnL jif{sf]
v'8\lsnfdf kfOnf 6]s]sf] 5 . hgo'4sf] pRrtf / tLj|tf;“u} g]kfnsf ;r]t dlxnfx¿sf] ljsf; / ¿kfGt/0f klg u'0ffTds 9+un] cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . oxL
cj:yfdf oxf“ k|r08ky / dlxnf d'lQm;“u ;DalGwt s]xL s'/fx¿af/] 5f]6f] rrf{ ug{
vf]lhPsf] 5 .
k|r08ky / dlxnf d'lQmaLrsf] cGt;{DaGw
g]kfnL
dlxnfx¿sf] jf:tljs d'lQmsf] s'/f ubf{ of] juL{o d'lQm;“u cleGg ¿kn] uf“l;Psf]
5 . dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] j}1flgs ljrf/åf/f lgwf{l/t kmf}hL /0fgLlt /
sfo{gLltsf cfwf/df g]kfnL e"lddf dxfg\ hgtfsf] hgo'4 yfngL ug{ ;lsPsf]
xf] . ljrf/wf/f / /fhg}lts sfo{lbzf ;xL jf unt x'g'n] ;a} yf]ssf] km};nf
ub{5 . of] ;xL ePdf xfdL;“u gePsf rLhx¿ klg k|fKt x'“b} hfG5g\ . olb
unt 5 eg] k|fKt rLhx¿ klg u'Db} hfG5g\ eGg] dfcf]jfbL dfGotfh:t} 7Ls g]kfnL
sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;df klg hah{:t xfjL ePsf] blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfbnfO{
cWoIf s= k|r08sf] j}1flgs ljrf/ Pj+ s'zn g]t[Tjåf/f rf]l6nf] k|xf/ ub}{ g]kfnL
hgtfsf] cufl8 gfË]´f/ kf/]/ kf6L{nfO{ ljrf/ / ljlwdf gof“ agfpg] sfd
eof] .
;xL sfo{lbzfsf] ljsf; u/]s} sf/0fn] Pd\=aL= u'6h:tf] s§/ gj;+zf]wgjfbLx¿;“u @)$! ;fnb]lv ;+3if{ ;+rfng ub}{ lgd{n nfdfh:tf cj;/jfbL v]dfnfO{ ;d]t Pstf / ;+3if{sf] ljlwåf/f k/f:t u/]/ jf:tljs dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ lgdf{0fkZrft\ hgo'4 ;'? ug{sf] nflu kmf}hL /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltsf] lgdf{0f u/L rf/ tof/Ldf cufl8 a9\g] sfd ePsf] lyof] . ha dfcf]jfbL kf6L{n] ju{;+3if{sf] wfl/nf] /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltsf] lgdf{0f ub}{ uof], To;a]nfb]lv g} g]kfnL dlxnf cfGbf]ngdf k|ToIf k|efj kfb}{ cfPsf] b]lvG5 . nfdf] ;do;Dd ;'wf/jfbsf] bnbndf km;]sf] g]kfnL dlxnf cfGbf]ng dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] ljsf;;“u} qmflGtsf/L wf/ ks8\g ;kmn ag]sf] 5 . ;'wf/jfbsf u'lnof gf/fx¿nfO{ ltnf~hnL lb+b} ju{;+3if{sf] af6f] eP/ cufl8 a9\g' g} dlxnf d'lQmsf] ;xL cfwf/ 7fg]/ cfd zf]lift–kLl8t dlxnfx¿ hLjg–d/0fsf] ;+3if{df xf]ldg k'u] . ætLg u/ / tLg gu/Æ eGg] k|l;4 dfcf]jfbL dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{ g]kfnsf ;fx;L dlxnfx¿ juL{o d'lQm o'4df ;xefuL eO{ lg/Gt/ nl8/x]sf 5g\ . k|r08kysf] bz{gåf/f lgb]{lzt axfb'/ dlxnfx¿ juL{o d'lQm k|fKt ePkl5 dfq dlxnf d'lQm ;Dej x'G5 eGg] jf:tljstfnfO{ cfTd}b]lv dgg ub}{ hgo'4sf x/]s df]rf{x¿df cfºgf