c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L

c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sf]

Ps jif{ / o;sf] cfufdL sfo{ef/

) h'gs'df/L /f]sfdu/

;fdGtL bf;Tjaf6 k|tfl8t g]kfnL dlxnfx¿n] ( jif{sf] cjlwdf tdfdvfn] bfgjLo h+unL aa{/tf, qm"/tfsf Jojxf/x¿ b]Vg, ef]Ug kfP eg] s}of}+ gof“ pbLodfg ;'Gb/ eljiosf] lgdf{0fdf ;xeflutf x'g] cj;/ ;r]t qmflGtsf/L dlxnf ;+u7gn] k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . h'g aL;f}+ ztfAbLdf dxfg\ dlxnf g]tfx¿sf] e"ldsf / dxŒjnfO{ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df g]kfnL dlxnfx¿sf] hgo'4df ;xeflutf, e"ldsfx¿n] k|dfl0ft ul/;s]sf] 5 . h;n] ;xL ljrf/, gLltnfO{ bx|f];“u cfTd;ftLs/0f u5{, hf] bf]xf]/f], t]x/f] pTkL8gdf 5, Tof] pTkL8gsf] ulx/fOaf6 dfly p7]/ ;xL / j}1flgs ljrf/n] n}; ag]kl5 To;n] h] klg ug{ tof/ x'G5 / ul//x]sf] klg xfdLn] b]v]sf 5f}+ . xfdL b]V5f}+ xfd|f cufl8 tdfdvfn] r'gf}tLx¿sf] ;fdgf ub{} xhf/f}+sf] alnbfgL, lhp“b} cf“vf lgsflnPsf], lhp“b} z/L/df cfuf] nufP/ xTof ul/Psf], ;fd"lxs anfTsf/, k|x/Laf6 xltof/ vf]:g', h]n a|]s u/L o'4df]rf{df ;xefuL /xg' cflb–cflb tdffvfn] gof“ / pRr sLlt{dfg\x¿ g]kfnL dlxnfx¿n] v8f u/]sf 5g\ . oL pRrtfx¿ dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] ;xL ljrf/, ;xL a'emfO{, To;sf] Jofjxfl/s k'li6 / cleJolQm xf] . h;n] ubf{ ;fd|fHojfbL, lj:tf/jfbL / o;sf] cf8e/f];fdf kflnt–kf]lift, ;+rflnt g]kfnL kmfl;i6 k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] gfOs] / To;sf hNnfbx¿ cft+lst x'G5g\ / b]V5g\– g]kfnL qmflGtsf/L dlxnfx¿nfO{ cf“vfsf] sl;+u/ . csf{]lt/ ljZjsf juL{o / ln+uLo pTkL8gsf] rsf{] df/df lkl;+b} cfPsf cfd pTkLl8t dlxnfx¿sf] cf8e/f];f / w/f]x/ c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ nfO{ 7fGb5g\ . oxf“ o; ;+u7gsf] Ps jif{ / cfufdL sfo{ef/af/] s]xL n]lvb}5 .

ljut Ps jif{sf] cjlw

hlta]nf cfGbf]ngsf] cToGt} hl6n df]8df ;+u7g lyof], To;a]nf ;+u7gsf] s]Gb|Lo cWoIf / dxf;lrjsf] cfTd;dk{0f -ljZjf;3ftL_ lqmofsnfk b]vfPsf] a]nf xfdLleq tLj| 3[0ff / cfqmf]z k}bf eof] lsgeg] o; lqmofsnfkn] clxn];Ddsf] pknlAw / qmflGtsf/L ;+u7gnfO{ wldNofpg] sfd ePsf] lyof] . oxL df}sf 5f]kL afx\o ?kdf k|ltlqmofjfbL, cj;/jfbL, ;'wf/jfbL, ;+zf]wgjfbL lsQfx¿n] ca s]xL ug{ ;Sb}gg\ eGg]af6 e/dUb'/ k|of;;lxt cgu{n e|d 5/] t/ Tof] ;a} c;Dej lyof] . kfgLsf] kmf]sf ;/x eof] . lsgeg], xfdL;“u kof{Kt dfqfdf k|r08kyLo ;xL ljrf/, of]hgf / g]t[Tj lyof] h;n] æljhodf gdflQg], k/fhodf gcflQg]Æ lgb{]zg ul//x]sf] lyof] / cufl8 cfOk/]sf r'gf}tLx¿sf] ;fdgf ub{} gof“ tl/sfn] PsLs[t a'emfO{, Pstfa4 l6dl:kl/6, of]hgfdf xfdkmfNg] ;fx;sf ;fy ;+u7g rf}yf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng tof/Ldf h'6\of] . ;Dd]ngn] ;+u7gdf b]vfk/]sf] d'Vo ;d:of blIf0fkGyL cfTd;dk{0fjfb lj?4sf] j}rfl/s ljho, dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] ulx/f] cfTd;ftLs/0f, gof“ g]t[Tj rog, o;nfO{ hgtfdf hf]8]/ :yflkt u/]/ n}hfg] cfGbf]ngsf] pRrtf;lxt of]hgfx¿ lgdf{0f eP . h;n] qmflGtsf/L dlxnf cfGbf]ngdf ljv08g ug{ vf]Hg] ;fdGtL ;fd|FHojfbLx¿sf] cufl8 xfd|f] ;+u7g yk r'gf}tL ;fljt x'g k'Uof] . gof“ ljrf/, efj, l:kl/8n] el/k"0f{ pT;fx pd+u / unt lrGtg k|j[lQk|lt tLj| 3[0ff / cfqmf]z JoQm ub{} ;Dd]ng ;DkGg eof] . ;Dd]ngn] a'emfOdf ljljwtfx¿nfO{ Ps?ktfdf Nofp“b} ;Dk"0f{ zlQm gof“ of]hgfdf ;dk{0f ug{] k|lta4 x'“b} kmSof{] . b]zel/ rf}yf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf] ;Gb]z ;ef, kqsf/ ;Dd]ng, blIf0fkGyL cfTd;dk{0fjfbsf] e08fkmf]/nufotsf sfo{qmdx¿n] ;+u7gk|lt /x]sf e|dx¿ ;kmf x'“b} uP . o;} aLrdf s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfnosf] a}7s a:of] . a}7sn] * dfr{
-gf/L lbj;_ nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o P]ltxfl;s s8Lx¿nfO{ hf]8\b} kmfu'g @% df g]kfn aGb ug{] lg0f{onfO{ s]Gb|df /fVb} cem dxŒjk"0f{ lg0f{ox¿ ug{ k'Uof] . g]kfn aGbsf] r/0fa4 sfo{qmddf cToflws dlxnfx¿ kl/rflnt x'g k'u] . zx/df ;fOsn h'n';, rSsfhfd, sf]0f;ef, 58\s] ;ef, cfwf/Onfsfdf cfd;ef, ;/sf/L clkm;x¿df gf/L lbj;sf] pknIodf ljbf cflb sfdx¿n] ;+u7gnfO{ gof“ / pRr:t/df yk pT;fx, pd+u / :yflkt ug{ ;kmn /x\of] . b]zel/ gof“ t/+u k}bf eof], Oltxf;df ;+u7gsf] klxnf] g]kfn aGb Pp6f P]ltxfl;s sf];]9'+uf ;flat eof] eg] ;+u7gdf tdfdvfn] dlxnfx¿ ;+ul7t ag] . bzf}+ xhf/ dlxnfx¿ k"0f{sfnLg ;b:o aGg k'u] . xhf/f}+ ;fyLx¿ hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfndf ;xefuL aGg' eof] . xhf/f}+ ;fyLx¿ h]ng]n, a]kQf, anfTsf/sf] s'g} ;Ldf /x]g . s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;Ldf rf}w/L, zlzsnf zdf{nufot xhf/f}+ ;fyLx¿sf] zxfbt eof] . h;n] cfGbf]ngnfO{ yk k|HHjlnt agfof] . es'08f]sf] pk|mfOdf ;Dk"0f{ ultljlwx¿ cufl8 a9] . s=dfcf]sf] zAbdf– æhxf“ bdg x'G5, Toxf“ k|lt/f]w x'G5, hxf“ k|lt/f]w x'G5, Toxf“ lj:kmf]6 x'G5Æ of] egfOsf] Jofjxfl/s k'li6 cfd dlxnfx¿af6 eO/x]sf] 5 .

cfufdL sfdaf/]

olta]nf o'4 cToGt} ;lGgs6 38Ldf cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . hgo'4 /0fg}lts /Iff, /0fg}lts ;Gt'ng, /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] klxnf] of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] k|lqmofdf cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . To;f] x'“bf xfd|f] ;Dk"0f{ tfutnfO{ To;}df k|of]u ug{'kg{]5 . cfd hgtfnfO{ /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgfdf kl/rfng ug{]df Wofg s]lGb|t ug{], ToxL :t/df ;+u7gx¿ lgdf{0f ug{], ;+ul7t ;+u7gx¿nfO{ ToxL :t/df kl/rfng ug{'kg{]5 . cfGtl/s ?kdf ;do–;dodf b]vfkg{] unt lrGtg k|j[lQx¿sf lj?4df ;r]t tl/sfn] n8\g cfjZos 5 . Pstf–;+3if{–?kfGt/0fsf] l:kl/8nfO{ ;a}n] cf–cfºgf] 7fp“df cfTd;ftLs/0f ug{'k5{ / ;j{xf/fju{sf] ljrf/nfO{ bx|f];“u ks8\g' k5{ . dlxnf g]tf, sfo{stf{x¿n] cfGbf]ngsf] lxtdf cfjZos k/] s'g} klg s;'/ af“sL g/fVg]df klg tof/ x'g'k5{ . xhf/f}+sf] alnbfgL, /ut, cf“z', kl;gfaf6 lgld{t gof“ kl/l:yltdf lgld{t ljrf/ cfTd;ft\ ub{} o;sf] /Iff, ljsf; ug{ x/k|oTgx¿ hf/L /fVb} olta]nfsf] d'Vo ;d:of JolQmjfbL c/fhstf, blIf0fkGyL cfTd;'/Iffjfbsf lj?4 ;+3if{/t /x“b} qmflGtsf/L dlxnfx¿n] ;do–;dodf /flknf] cfuf] cf]sNg tof/ x'g'k5{ . h;n] qmflGtsf/Lx¿nfO{ cfjZos tfkqmd k}bf ug{]5 / unt tTjx¿nfO{ v/fgL kfg{]5 . Tof] tfut k}bf ug{ ;Dk"0f{ dlxnf g]tf–sfo{stf{x¿ rf}tkmL{ ljsf;, o'lgkmfO8 sdf08, kmf}hLs/0fsf] cjwf/0ffaf6 l6dl:kl/8 u/L PsLs[t tfut k}bf ub{} hgo'4sf] tdfd Iflt, r'gf}tL ;d:ofx¿sf] ;fdgf ub{}, ;Defljt ;Defjgfx¿sf] lzv/x¿ r'Dg Ps–csf{df ;Da[4 aGb} 5l/P/ /x]sf k|ltefx¿nfO{ Ps 7fp“df s]lGb|t u/L ;Dk"0f{ tfutx¿nfO{ lj:tf/jfb cGttM ;fd|fHojfblj?4 k|xf/ ub{} ;xL ljrf/, ;xL gLlt, of]hgf, g]t[Tjdf s]lGb|s[t x'“b} l6da4 of]hgfd xfdkmfNg tof/ agf}+ . dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kyLo ljrf/nfO{ gof“ :t/df p7fpg, a'‰g, k|of]u ug{, o;sf] /Iff, ljsf; ug{ ;a}n] d]xgt u/f}+ qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 dlxnfx¿sf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xg]5 . of] g} qmflGtsf/L dlxnf ;+u7gsf] c;fwf/0f ;Defjgf / c;fwf/0f r'gf}ltsf] sfo{ef/ x'g]5 .

c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] lj:tfl/t a}7sM Ps rrf{

w ;fljqf u'?ª

g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_åf/f ;~rflnt dxfg\ hgo'4 cfºgf] eLif0ftf / hl6ntf;“u} Pskl5 csf]{ prfOdf 5nfªdo ultdf ljsf; ePsf] 5 . l5kl5k]af6 ulx/fOlt/, ;/naf6 hl6nlt/ k|j]z ug'{sf] lgod g} xf] . gf} jif{sf] bf}/fgdf hgo'4sf] l:ylt x]bf{sf] lgodcGtu{t ulx/fOlt/ k|j]z ub}{ cfh hgo'4 /0fg}lts ;Gt'ngaf6 /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fdf k|j]z ul/;s]sf] 5 . k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0f cfkm}df ;Dj]bgzLn, lgd{d, kL8fbfos / clGtd r/0f klg xf] . of] r/0fnfO{ ;kmntfdf k'¥ofpg ;s] s]Gb|Lo ;Qf >dhLjL ju{sf] xftdf cfpg] lglZrtk|foM 5 . t/ klg qmflGt ;xh / ;/n eg] cjZo 5}g . s= n]lggn] eGg'eP´}+– æcfºgf] ljsf; k|lqmofdf qmflGtn] c;fwf/0f hl6n l:yltsf] l;h{gf ub}{ cufl8 a9\5 .Æ cfGbf]ngsf] prfO;“u} ju{;+3if{ / cGt;+{3if{ b'j}df 7"nf–7"nf r'gf}tL / cK7\Øf/f;“u h'Wg'kg]{ :jfefljs b]lvG5 . qmflGtsf/L ljrf/ / l;4fGt hlxn] klg k|ltqmflGtsf/L ljrf/ / k|j[lQx¿;“u 6Ss/fp“b} ljhodf k'u]sf] x'G5 . o:tf] l:yltdf x/]s qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] qmflGtsf/L ljrf/k|lt PsLs[t / s]Gb|Ls[t x'g] s'/fsf] cxd\ dxŒj x'G5 . cfGbf]ngsf] pRrtf;“u} cfwfcfsfz / cfwfwtL{ cf]u6]/ /x]sf dlxnf ;d'bfon] ;xL ljrf/, ;xL l;4fGtsf] /Iff / ljsf; ug]{ ;jfndf dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng g;s] cfGbf]ng kl5 kg]{ dfq xf]Og, k|fKt rLhx¿;d]t u'Dg] lglZrt b]lvG5 . To;}n] cfwf lx:;f cf]u6]/ /x]sf dlxnf ;d'bfonfO{ cfGbf]ngdf uf]naGb ug{ / ef]lnsf 7"nf–7"nf vt/f;“u h'Wg ;Sg] u/L ;+u7gnfO{ ljsf; u/fpg klg ;+u7gnfO{ lqmofzLn u/fO/fVg' h?/L x'G5 . ;xL gLlt / ljrf/k|lt g]t[Tj, sfo{stf{ / hg;d'bfonfO{ ;w}+ uf]naGb u/fO/fVg / /0fg}lts p2]Zocg'?k ;xL sfo{gLlt to u/L ;+u7gnfO{ lqmofzLn tyf h'emf? agfO{ c´ km/flsnf] / dha"t agfpg ;xL of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L sfof{Gjogdf 3lge"t 9+un] nfUg clgjfo{ aGg hfG5 . ut s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfnosf] a}7skZrft\ of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf ;kmntf xfl;n ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf ljutsf] sfdsf] ;dLIff;lxt s]xL gof“ of]hgf lgdf{0fsf] nflu csf]{ a}7s cTofjZos lyof] . To;}nfO{ b[li6ut u/L xfd|f] c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] P]ltxfl;s lj:tfl/t a}7s ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . of] a}7s ljutsf a}7seGbf leGg vfnsf] dx;'; dfq ePg cToGt} dflyaf6 ;d:ofx¿sf] ulx/fO;Dd k'u]/ gof“kg k}bf u/fpg] /fhg}lts, j}rfl/s, ;f+u7lgs, ;+3if{, cfly{snufot x/]s kIfdf u'0ffTdstf lbg] vfnsf of]hgfx¿ lgdf{0f ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . cfGtl/s k+lQmnfO{ ;d]t ;'b[9 ug]{ z'4Ls/0f k|lqmofsf] ;'?jft x'g'sf ;fy} of]hgfsf] pRrtfdf x/]s sl7g 38Lx¿df ;d]t sfof{Gjogdf nflukg]{ k|lta4tf hfx]/ ePsf] 5 . o; n]vdf ;f]xL P]ltxfl;s a}7ssf] ;]/f]km]/f]df /x]/ a}7ssf] P]ltxfl;stf, ul/df, eJotf / dxŒjaf/] a'“bfut ?kdf pNn]v ug{ vf]lhPsf] 5 .

!= ljrf/nfO{ bx|f];“u ks8\gdf Ps l9Ssf ePsf] 5

æqmflGtsf/L l;4fGtlagf s'g} klg qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ng x'g ;Qm}gÆ eGg] n]lggsf] j}1flgs lgisif{nfO{ bx|f];“u cfTd;ft\ ub}{ yflnPsf] dxfg\ hgo'4n] /fli6«o dfq xf]Og, cGt/f{li6«o:t/d} ;j{xf/fju{sf] cfzfsf] k'~h ag]/ clwsf+z e"efudf gof“ ;Qf ;~rfng ub}{ s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sAhfsf] ;lGgs6df cfOk'u]sf] 5 . qmflGtsf/L l;4fGt / ljrf/nfO{ zLif{:yfgdf /fv]/ cfGbf]ng cufl8 a9fpg] s'/f kf6L{sf] ;jfndf dfq xf]Og, x/]s h=j=;=, df]rf{sf] xsdf klg nfu" x'G5 . ljrf/eGbf aflx/ g t s'g} b'lgof“ 5, g t /xg] g} 5 . dfn]dfjfbnfO{ kyk|bz{s l;4fGt dfg]/ cufl8 a9\g] qmddf xfd|f] ;+u7gn] l;+uf] pTkLl8t dlxnfju{nfO{ Psfsf/ / uf]naGb ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . bf;L / canfsf] ?kdf x]lk+b} cfPsf g]kfnL dlxnfx¿n] Tofu, tk:of / alnbfgsf gof“–gof“ sLlt{dfg\ v8f ul/;s]sf 5g\ . kmfl;:6 ;Qfsf] x/]s k|sf/sf bdg, xTof, n"6, anfTsf/sf if8\oGqx¿nfO{ rsgfr'/ kfb}{ g]kfnL dlxnfx¿sf] jf:tljs kl/ro lb+b} ultnf] ;as lbO;s]sf 5g\ . dfn]dfjfbn] ubf{ g} d[To'dfly ;xh} ljho xfl;n ug{ ;lsPsf] 5 . oxF“;Dd cfp“bf xhf/f}+ dlxnfx¿n] d[To'nfO{ lhTof}+, y'k|} b'Mv–si6 ´]Nof}+, cf“;' aufof}+, sfv l/Tofof}+, ljw'jf aGof}+, anfTs[t eof}+, aGbL–a]kQf eof}+ h;sf] kmn:j?k ;du| g]kfnLsf] ;'Gb/ eljio;“u hf]l8Psf] ljrf/ …k|r08kyÚ kfof}+ . h'g ljrf/n] g]kfnL dlxnfx¿nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o rf;f] / rrf{sf] ljifo agfOlbPsf] 5 . To;}n] clxn]sf] a}7sdf ljrf/df s]lGb|t /x]/ pRrvfnsf uDeL/ 5nkmn ax;x¿ eP . l;4fGt, ljrf/ / efjgf Pp6} x'“bfx'“b} klg a'´fO / u/fOdf ljljwtf b]lvg' :jfefljs 5 . ax;–5nkmnkZrft\ ltg} ljljwtfx¿nfO{ ;+s]lGb|t ub}{ a'´fOdf Ps?ktf sfod ul/Psf] 5 . lxhf] klg xfd|f] ;+u7gn] ljrf/nfO{ s]Gb|ljGb'df /fVof], c´ klg ljrf/nfO{ zLif{:yfgdf /fv]s} 5, cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf;;“u} ;j{xf/fju{nfO{ g} Psl9Ssf agfpg] ljrf/df c´} ljsf; x'g'kg]{ dx;'; u/]sf] 5 / ;xL ljrf/sf] /Iff / ljsf; ug{df dlxnfju{n] klg dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng'kg]{df a}7s Ps l9Ssf ag]sf] 5 . æcfhsf] qmflGtsf] ;kmntfsf] b[li6n] dfq xf]Og, ef]lnsf] k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg] b[li6n] klg cfGbf]ngdf dlxnf ;xeflutf / g]t[Tj ljsf; clgjfo{ x'g uPsf] 5Æ eGg] s= k|r08sf] egfO / k|r08kysf] ljz]iftfnfO{ ulx/fO;Dd k'u]/ c;nL ;j{xf/fju{sf] x}l;otn] ljsf; ug{ klg dlxnf ;+u7gn] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng h?/L b]lvG5 .

@= ;a}vfn] unt k|j[lQlj?4 lgd{d aGg]df Ps¿ktf sfod ePsf] 5

kljq lgotn] :ju{ hfg] af6f] agfP klg gs{ k'luPdf Tof] unt x'G5 . dfS;{jfbn] lgotnfO{ eGbf kl/0ffdnfO{ x]g]{ ub{5 . ljrf/df Ps¿ktf sfod 5, lgot ;kmf 5 t/ klg sfof{Gjogdf unt eOlbof] eg] To;n] cfGbf]ngnfO{ 7Ls 7fp“df k'¥ofp“b}g . cfGbf]ngsf] pRrtf;“u} ;d:ofx¿ cfpg' / unt k|j[lQx¿ b]lvg' :jfefljs eP klg a]n}df ;dfwfg ug{ g;s] uDeL/ l:ylt klg aGg;S5 . To;}n] cfºgf] 6fpsf]df cfkm} cfuf] ;Nsfpg] k|r08kyLo ljlwnfO{ a}7sdf /fd|f];“u nfu" ub}{ cGt;{+3if{sf] kf6f]nfO{ 7Ls tl/sfn] cufl8 a9fpg] sfd ePsf] 5 . cfkm"leq b]lvg] unt k|j[lQlj?4 cfkm} lgd{d aGb} cfGbf]ngdf b]lvg] unt k|j[lQlj?4 ;d]t v/f] ?kdf pq“b} ;+u7g / ljrf/nfO{ dfly p7fpg]df a}7sn] dxŒjk"0f{ v'8\lsnf]sf] sfd u/]sf] 5 . lkt[;QfTds ;fdGtL ;dfh To;df klg km/s–km/s juL{o w/ftn / ;fdflhs kl/j];n] klg ljljwvfnsf sfo{z}nL, lrGtg, :jefj / cfgLafgL cfGbf]ngdf b]lvG5g\ . o;n] ubf{ sfd u/fO / a'´fOdf ljljwtf b]lvG5 / s]xL ;d:ofx¿ klg lgDTofp“5 . t/ of] g} 7"nf] ;d:of xf]Og . ljrf/nfO{ g} s]Gb|ljGb'df /flvPsf sf/0f ljrf/dfly g} k|xf/ ug]{ k|j[lQ dlxnf cfGbf]ngdf klg obfsbf b]lvG5 . krf;f}+ k6s k|r08ky eGg] t/ k|r08kysf] ;f/ yfxf gkfpg] dfq xf]Og, k|r08ky eGg} 8/fpg] cyf{t\ k|r08kynfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ k|j[lQ klg l56k'm6 ?kdf b]lvG5 . cfGbf]ngdf cufl8 ;/]/ sfd ug{ klg g;Sg], /fd|f] sfdsf] >]o klg lng vf]Hg], sdhf]/L hlt ;+:yfdf pknAwL hlt JolQmdf s]lGb|t ug{ vf]Hg] cfTds]lGb|t JolQmjfbsf ¿kx¿ klg b]vf kb{5g\ . ljrf/df uf]naGb x'g'eGbf klg efjgfdf ldNg vf]Hg], :yfgLotf / If]qLotfsf efj k|bz{g ug]{, gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ :yfgdf k'Ug] gfddf yf]/ax't rfKn';L ug{ kl5 gkg]{, dfly hgjfb vf]Hg] tn gf]s/zfxL nfb\g], cgfjZos :jtGqtf vf]Hg], :jtGqtf cfjZostfsf] r]tgf xf] eg]/ ga'‰g], gLlt–g]t[Tjk|lt uf]naGb x'g] eGbf u'6aGbL ug{ vf]Hg], c;dfg :t/df ;d]t c:j:y k|lt:kwf{ ug{ vf]Hg], af}l4s bDetf, cgfjZos dxTjfsf+Iff b]vfpg] cflb k|j[lQx¿ cfGbf]ngsf] hl6ntf;“u} b]vfkb}{ uO/x]sf] l:yltdf o:tf u}x|;j{xf/f juL{o lrGtg k|j[lQnfO{ gfË]´f/ kfb}{ Ps–csf{nfO{ qmflGtsf/L ¿kfGt/0f ug]{–u/fpg]df a}7s ;kmn ePsf] 5 . t;y{ ljhosf] lzv/ r'Dg] cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf; k|lqmofdf afx\o tyf cfGtl/s k+lQmdf l;h{gf x'g] c;fwf/0f hl6n l:ylt;“u} qmflGtsf/Lx¿ x/bd rt'/ aGg h?/L b]lvG5 .

#= ;+u7gnfO{ ;'b[9 ub}{ ;zQm agfpg] of]hgf lgdf{0f ePsf] 5

æxfdL sDo'lg:6x¿ aLp´}+ xf}+ / hgtf df6f] x'g\ . xfdL hxf“ k'U5f}+ Toxf“ hgtf;“u Psfsf/ x'g'kb{5, hgtfdf h/f xfNg'kb{5 / hgtfd} km'Ng'kb{5Æ eGg] s=dfcf]sf] k|l;4 egfOnfO{ x/]s qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] hLjg–Jojxf/df nfu" ub}{ ;+ul7t hgtf g} kmnfd] lsNnf x'g\ eGg] d"n dfGotfnfO{ ks8]/ ;+u7gsf] hfnf]nfO{ c´} Jofks agfpg]df dxŒjk"0f{ of]hgfx¿ lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ . dfqfTds ?kdf xhf/f}+ ;+u7gx¿ alg/x]sf] cj:yfdf dfqfcg';f/ u'0fdf ljsf; u/fpg]df ;+u7g s]xL kl5 k/]sf] l:yltdf Jofks ;+u7gsf] hfnf] agfp“b} ag]sf ;+u7gx¿nfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ / ;zQm Pj+ cfTdlge{/ agfO{ ju{b'Zdgk|lt ah|d'Ssf k|xf/ ug]{ / cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{;d]t ;+u7gnfO{ Jojl:yt kl/rfng ug]{ 7f]; of]hgfx¿ ag]sf 5g\ . c;+ul7t zlQm kl/rfngn] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ljlzi6 df]8x¿df wf]sf lbg] dfq xf]Og clkt' cfGbf]ngnfO{ g} csf]{lt/ df]8\g] vt/f;d]t x'ghfG5 . t;y{ k|ToIf g]tf, sfo{stf{ / hgtfaLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ c´ k|uf9 agfpg ;+u7g lgdf{0f / kl/rfngdf 3gLe"t ¿kdf nfUg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

$= PsLs[t ;+3if{sf] p7fg ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5

ut ;lrjfnosf] lj:tfl/t a}7sn] g]kfn aGbsf] 7f]; of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L s]Gb|Ls[t of]hgfnfO{ 3gLe"t ¿kdf ;kmn kfl/;s]sf] l:yltdf c´ klg sltko p7fg ug}{kg]{ ljifox¿nfO{ PsLs[t ub}{ b]zJofkL ;+3if{sf] p7fg ug{df yf]/} kl5 k/]sf] s'/f v8\ls+b} / dx;'; x'“b} cfO/x]sf] lyof] . clxn]sf] a}7sdf b]zJofkL ¿kd} ;d:ofx¿ ;+s]lGb|t u/L cfwf lx:;f cf]u6\g] dlxnf ;d'bfonfO{ dfq xf]Og, l;+uf] d'n'snfO{ g} k|efj kfg]{ u/L ;+3if{sf] of]hgfnfO{ tLg r/0fdf nfu" ug]{ u/L d"tL{s[t ul/Psf] 5 . ltgdf klxnf] r/0f– tof/L tyf k|rf/sf] r/0f, bf];|f] r/0f– sfof{Gjogsf] r/0f / t];|f] r/0f– ;dLIff / d"NofÍgsf] r/0f /x]sf 5g\ . juL{otf, /fli6«otf / dlxnf c;dfgtf Pj+ pTkL8gsf] lj?4 ;zQm Pj+ k]lrnf] ;+3if{sf] p7fg;“u} ag]sf of]hgfx¿nfO{ oxf“ a'“bfut ?kdf JofVof ug{ vf]lhPsf] 5 .

-s_ j}b]lzs x:tIf]k / k'/fgf] ;Qflj?4 ;+3if{

dxfg\ hgo'4sf] tLj| ljsf;;“u} ag]sf] k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgfn] k'/fgf] ;Qf xfon–sfon alg/x]sf] 5 . gof“–gof“ gf]s/x¿sf] cbn–abn ub}{ slxn] jftf{, slxn] r'gfjsf] s'/f u/]/ g]kfnL hgtfsf] cf“vfdf 5f/f] xfNg vf]h] klg kmfl;:6 1fg]–kf/;d08nLsf] h'7f]k'/f]df af“r]sf ef8fsf zfxL hNnfbx¿n] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] cfo' nDAofpg ;Sg] l:ylt sbflk b]lv+b}g . k'/fgf] ;Qf l6Sg;Sg] l:ylt g/x]kl5 cd]l/sL ;fd|fHofjfb / ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbnfO{ dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng bafpg] gfddf k'/fgf] ;Qfn] k|ToIf cfqmd0f ug]{ xf/u'xf/ ul//x]sf] 5 . o;/L ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb / k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ldn]dtf]df lx6n/L bdg la;f{pg] vfnsf] xTof / cft+s dRrfpg] lglZrt b]lvG5 . o;sf] df/ >dhLjL dlxnfju{nfO{ c´ a9L kg]{ :jtMl;4 5 . lnËLo o'4 /fli6«o tyf juL{o o'4;“u cleGg ¿kn] hf]l8g] ePsf] sf/0fn] klg /fi6«nfO{ vt/f cfOk/]sf] a]nf l;+uf] dlxnf ;d'bfonfO{ /fi6«sf] /Iffdf nufpg' Psdfq st{Jo x'g hfG5 . To;}n] /fli6«otf;DaGwL d'2f k|d'v alg/x]sf] l:yltdf ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbaf6 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf HofbtLx¿ / k'/fgf] ;Qfåf/f x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf cft+sx¿sf lj?4 b]zJofkL k|lt/f]wfTds ;+3if{nfO{ ;zQm ?kdf n}hfg 7f]; of]hgfx¿ to ePsf 5g\ .

-v_ k}t[s ;DklQdflysf] ;dfg clwsf/nfO{ Jofjxfl/s ¿k lbg] sfdsf] yfngL ePsf] 5

xfd|f] ;+u7gn] ljutb]lv eGb} / ;+3if{ ub}{ cfPsf] …dlxnf d'lQmsf] klxnf] cfwf/, k}t[s ;DklQdf ;dfg clwsf/Ú eGg] d"n gf/fnfO{ Jofjxfl/s ?kdf sfo{?k lbg 7f]; of]hgf to ePsf] 5 . o;cg';f/ cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj; -* dfr{_sf] cj;/df clwsf+z u|fdL0f e"–efux¿, hxf“ gof“ ;Qf ;~rfng eO/x]sf 5g\, tL 7fp“x¿df hg:t/af6} nfu" ug]{ u/L cleofgfTds ?kdf sfof{Gjogsf] yfngL ePsf] 5 . of] cleofg ;“u;“u} x/]s cfdf–afa'x¿n] 5f]/LnfO{ c+z lbg] sfdsf] yfngL ul/;s]sf 5g\ . o;n] cfd dlxnfx¿nfO{ cfºgf] efUosf] km};nf cfkm} ug{;Sg] af6f]df nfUg yk k|]/0ff ldn]sf] 5 . of] k|lqmofnfO{ zx/L If]qdf ;d]t Jofks k|rf/–k|;f/ u/L yfngL ul/g] 5, h;sf nflu 3'dfp/f] kf/fn] dlxnf a]Rg] bfOhf] k|yfnfO{ ufp“ tyf zx/ ;a}lt/af6 k|ltaGw nufpg] ;+3if{sf] yfngL ul/Psf] 5 .

-u_ dlxnf pTkL8gsf lj?4 ;+3if{

o'un] PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf kfOnf 6]ls;Sbf klg k'/fgf] ;Qfåf/f dlxnfx¿dfly x'g] zf]if0f, bdg, cGofo, cTofrf/ oyfjt} 5g\ . bf];|f] gful/s;/x hLjg hLpg afWo kfg]{ s';+:sf/ ;dfhdf ljBdfg /lx/x]sf] l:yltdf bfOhf] k|yf dfq xf]Og sdn/L, ltns, ´'df, b]psL, 5'Ok8L, afnljjfx, ax'ljjfx, cgd]n ljjfx, anfTsf/, r]nLa]6L a]rlavgnufotsf ;a}vfn] k|yfx¿sf] cGTo ug{sf] nflu If]qLo ljz]iftfcg';f/ s]Gb|Ls[t ?kdf b]zJofkL wSsfd"ns sfjf{xLx¿ ug]{ 7f]; of]hgf to ePsf 5g\ . o;n] xhf/f}+ jif{b]lv s';+:sf/ / s';+:s[ltn] hsl8Psf dlxnfx¿nfO{ :jtGq dfu{df cufl8 a9\gdf 7"nf] d2t ug]{5 .

;+u7g g]t[Tj ;xL :yfg (Position) df 5 ls 5}g eg]/ gfKg] s;L cfGbf]ngs} ljsf;cg'?k of]hgf lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog k|lqmof klg xf] . o;/L x]bf{ a}7sdf ePsf 5nkmn / ;+3if{sf] of]hgf j:t'ut / cfTdut l:yltsf] d]n vfg] u/L cToGt} prfOaf6 ag]sf 5g\ . t;y{ of]hgfcg'?k sfof{Gjogdf dflyb]lv tn;Dd b[9tf, uDeL/tf / lqmofzLntf k|bz{g ug{;s] ;+u7gsf] :yfg w]/} dfly x'g] lglZrt 5 .

-%_ ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts ¿kfGt/0f;DaGwL

k'/fgf] /fhg}lts / kmf}hL ;Qf Wj:t eO;Sbf ;d]t ;fdflhs ;+:sf/, ;+:s[lt ?kfGt/0f ug]{ ljifo s]xL hl6n ePsf]n] lg/Gt/ ;f+:s[lts qmflGt rnfO/xg] k|r08kyLo ljlwnfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/] klg l;+uf] dlxnfju{nfO{ ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0f ug]{ / u/fpg] s'/f cln hl6n alg/x]sf] l:yltdf gof“ ;Qfsf] ljsf;;“u} dlxnf ;d'bfonfO{ ?kfGt/0f ug]{df ;+u7g x/bd k|of;/t 5 . a}7sdf j}1flgs, ;Eo / ;'Gb/ ;dfh lgdf{0f ug]{ lbzfdf ;a} dlxnfx¿nfO{ k|]l/t / pGd'v ug]{ u/L ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf 7f]; of]hgfx¿ to ePsf 5g\ . k'/fgf] ;Qfn] Psflt/ klZrd]nL 5f8f ;+:s[ltleq} dlxnfx¿nfO{ e|i6 tyf 5f8f agfp“b} pkef]u / lj1fkgsf] ;fwg agfPsf] 5 eg] csf]{tkm{ ;fdGtL ¿l9jfbL ;+:s[ltn] dlxnfx¿nfO{ r'nf]rf}sf]df ;Lldt t'NofO{ ;fdflhs sfd / ;f/f clwsf/af6 jl~rt u/fO{ ;f+3'/f] 3]/faGbL agfPsf] 5 . dxfg\ hgo'4sf] k|lqmof;“u} dlxnfsf aGwgx¿ tf]l8+b} uP klg c´} klg s}of}+ s';+:sf/x¿ ljBdfg /x]sf] s'/fnfO{ gsfg{ ldNb}g . To;}n] xfd|f] ;+u7gn] k'/fgf] ;+:s[ltnfO{ lj:yflkt ub}{ gof“ ;+:s[lt :yflkt u/fpg …cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj;ÚnfO{ b]zJofkL kj{sf] ?kdf dgfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . o:t}u/L sfnLsf]6sf dlxnfx¿n] k'ln;nfO{ df/L /fOkmn vf];]sf] lbgnfO{ ljb|f]xf]T;j gfdfs/0f u/L pks]Gb|Lo :t/df / Ho"“b} cf“vf l´s]/ dl§t]n xfnL hnfp“bf klg b':dg;“u g´'sL ;fxl;s k|lt/f]w u/L pRr d[To'j/0f ug'{x'g] s'df/L a'9f -/f]Nkf_sf] zxfbtsf] lbg -d+l;/ !_ / uf]vf{ h]na|]s u/]sf] lbgnfO{ …jL/tf lbj;Úsf] ?kdf If]qLo :t/df dgfpg] lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5 . To:t}u/L cGo lg0f{ox¿df ;Qf ;~rfng ePsf 7fp“x¿df uxgfnfO{ ;fk]lIft ?kdf lj:yflkt ub}{ n}hfg], ufp“3/ / ljBfnox¿df ;d]t km"lt{nf] 8«]; nufpg], 3/ jl/kl/ ;/–;kmfO ug]{, Ps 3/ Ps rkL{, Ps s/];f af/L, Ps ;'wfl/Psf] r'Nxf] clgjfo{ agfpg], ;fIf/tf sIff rnfpg], jflif{sf]T;j, zxLb ;Ktfxx¿nfO{ dgfp“b} lg/Gt/tf lbg], ljjfxsf] pd]/nfO{ @) / @@ sf] gLltnfO{ hg:t/af6} r]tgf a[l4 ub}{ nfu" ug]{, dlb/f;]jg tyf laqmL–ljt/0fnfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{, ;'Gb/L k|ltof]lutf, cZnLn kq–klqsf, ;flxTo / rnlrq k|bz{g, d;fh s]Gb| cflbdf /f]s nufpg] h:tf y'k|} of]hgfx¿ 7f]; ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] dlxnfx¿nfO{ bf;L agfO/fVg] k'/fgf ;+:sf/–;+:s[ltsf] cGTo ub}{ ;Eo ;'Gb/ ;dfh lgdf{0fdf 7"n} 6]jf lbg] lglZrt 5 .

dflysf a'“bfx¿sf cnfjf cGo dxŒjk"0f{ of]hgfx¿ ;d]t 7f]; ul/Psf] 5 . ljutb]lv g} cf–cfºgf] afWotf / sl7gfOsf sf/0f 5'l6/x]sf] cGo dlxnf ;+u7gx¿;“usf e]63f6, 5nkmn / jftf{nfO{ dflyaf6 lg/Gt/tf lbg] lg0f{o ul/g'sf ;fy} Jofkf/L, a'l4hLjL, lzIfs, ljBfyL{, k|fWofksnufot ljleGg tx / tKsfdf /x]sf a'l4hLjL dlxnfx¿;“u e]63f6, 5nkmn ug]{ lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5, g]kfnL dlxnf cfGbf]ng cGt/f{li6«o rf;f]sf] ljifo alg/x]sf] l:yltdf xfd|f pknlAw, xfd|f k|lt/f]w, alnbfg / jL/tfsf ufyfx¿nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o :t/df k|rf/–k|;f/ ug{ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf uf]i7L ug]{ ;d]t lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . h;n] xfd|f] cfGbf]ngnfO{ cGt/f{li6«os/0f ub}{ >dhLjL dlxnfju{nfO{ cGt/fli6«o:t/d} uf]naGb x'g yk k|]/0ff lbg]5 .

pk;+xf/

cGofosf] lj?4 ljb|f]xsf] ´08f p7fpg', p7fPkl5 ´'Sg glbg' eGg] dfGotfnfO{ bx|f];“u ks8]/ oxf“;Dd ljsf; ul/;s]sf] xfd|f] ;+u7gn] cfGtl/s tyf afx\o b':dg;“u ljho xfl;n ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . cfGbf]ngs} ljsf;sf] /ºtf/df cfTdut kIfnfO{ dha"t agfp“b} nu]sf] l:yltdf rfx] j}b]lzs x:tIf]ksf lj?4 xf];\ cyjf k'/fg} ;Qfsf] lj?4 lsg gxf];\ x/]s ju{j}/Llj?4 cfuf] cf]sNg tof/ 5 . bdg / k|lt/f]wsf] gof“ lz/faf6 gof“ d"No–dfGotf :yflkt ul/;s]sf] xfd|f] ;+u7g;“u leotgfdL dlxnfx¿sf] Oltxf; dfq xf]Og, xfd|} /utn] n]v]sf] Oltxf; klg tfh} 5 . o;n] d[To'nfO{ lht]/ lg/Gt/ ;+3if{df xf]ldb} vt/fx¿;“u h'Wg / nfvf}+ ;Defjgfx¿ r'Dg k|]/0ff lbO/xG5 . ;jf s/f]8 g]kfnL dlxnfx¿sf] ;'gf}nf] eljio;“u hf]l8Psf] xfd|f] ;+u7gsf] prfO / dxŒjcg';f/ g} clxn]sf] a}7ssf] P]ltxfl;stf, eJotf / ul/dfnfO{ a'‰bf ;fGble{s x'g]5 . ;+u7gsf] ;jfndf xf];\ cyjf ;+3if{sf] ;jfndf ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL dlxnfx¿sf] efj ks8\g dfq xf]Og, d'n'ss} efjnfO{ ks8\g ;kmn ePsf] 5 . dxfg\ hgo'4sf] l´Nsf]n] ;f/f ljZjdf 89]nf] nufpg] ;DefjgfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L ljZjdf Ps5q bfbflu/L dRrfp“b} cfPsf] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb / p;sf] lgb]{zgdf ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb k|ToIftM g]kfndf cfqmd0f ug{ cfpg vf]lh/x]sf] l:yltdf /fli6«otfsf] kIfdf k|lt/f]wfTds ;+3if{ ug'{sf] cnfjf k'/fgf] ;Qf / dlxnf pTkL8g tyf c;dfgtf lj?4 ;+3if{ s]lGb|t ug'{ g} oltv]/sf] 68\sf/f] / k|wfg ljifo lyof] . t;y{ ;+3if{sf] of]hgf;“u} ;+u7gnfO{ Jofks / ;'b[9 ug'{, dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;DklQsf] dflns agfp“b} ;f+:s[lts ¿kfGt/0f k|lqmofsf] yfngL ug'{ / cfGtl/s k+lQmdf Pstf, ;+3if{ / ¿kfGt/0f k|lqmofdfk{mt\ pRr Pstf k}bf u/fpg ;Sg' g} a}7ssf] 7f]; pknlAw /x]sf] 5 . To;}n] cfGbf]ngsf] pRrtf;“u} ag]sf of]hgfx¿nfO{ ulx/fOaf6 cfTd;ft\ u/f}+ † dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] ;f/ ks8\b} jL/tf / k|lt/f]wsf] gof“–gof“ sLlt{dfg v8f u/f}+ † of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf dflyb]lv tn;Dd b[9tfk"j{s nflu k/f}+ † of]hgfsf] ;kmntf;“u} d'n'sdf gof“ l:yltsf] cjZo l;h{gf x'g]5 .

c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] lj:tfl/t a}7sM Ps rrf{

w ;fljqf u'?ª

!= ljrf/nfO{ bx|f];“u ks8\gdf Ps l9Ssf ePsf] 5

@= ;a}vfn] unt k|j[lQlj?4 lgd{d aGg]df Ps¿ktf sfod ePsf] 5

#= ;+u7gnfO{ ;'b[9 ub}{ ;zQm agfpg] of]hgf lgdf{0f ePsf] 5

$= PsLs[t ;+3if{sf] p7fg ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5

-s_ j}b]lzs x:tIf]k / k'/fgf] ;Qflj?4 ;+3if{

-v_ k}t[s ;DklQdflysf] ;dfg clwsf/nfO{ Jofjxfl/s ¿k lbg] sfdsf] yfngL ePsf] 5

-u_ dlxnf pTkL8gsf lj?4 ;+3if{

-%_ ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts ¿kfGt/0f;DaGwL

pk;+xf/

dlxnf pTkL8gsf] pb\ej,

ljsf; / cGTo M Ps rrf{

? aGw' rGb

!= e"ldsf

dfgj;dfhsf] ljsf;qmd olta]nf ljleGg P]ltxfl;s df]8x¿ kf/ ub}{ PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] dfu{df cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . oxf“;Dd cfOk'Ubf dfgjhfltn] cfºgf] 1fg, ;Lk / Ifdtfn] lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] If]qdf ce"tk"j{ ljsf; u/]sf] 5 . kmn:j?k dfgjhLjgsf ef}lts kIfx¿ Hofb} ;'ud / ;/n ag]sf 5g\ . t/ dflg;sf] ef}lts hLjg hlt ;/n ag]sf] 5, TolQs} ;fdflhs hLjg hl6n aGg k'u]sf] 5 . ef}lts ljsf;sf] of] :t/;Dd cfp“bf klg dfgj;dfhdf xhf/f}+ jif{b]lvsf] zf]if0f–bdg sfod} 5 . ;dfh al;vfg] / ul/vfg], zf]if0f ug]{ / zf]lift x'g], pTkL8g ug]{ / pTkLl8t x'g] cflbh:tf b'O{ lzlj/df ljeflht x'g k'u]sf] 5 . ToxL b'O{ ljeflht lzlj/dWo]sf] P]ltxfl;s sfnb]lv g} pTkL8gdf kb}{ cfPsf] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ lx:;f xf]– dlxnfju{ . o; ju{sf] pTkL8g ;dfhsf x/If]qdf ljleGg ?kdf JoQm 5g\ . dlxnf ju{ dfgj;dfhsf] Ps cleGg c+u ePsf]n] ToxL ;dfhåf/f cfkm"dfly ul/Psf] cGofok"0f{ Jojxf/k|lt ;r]t aGb} pTkL8gsf] lj/f]wdf of] ju{n] nfdf] ;dob]lv g} cfjfh p7fp“b} cfO/x]sf] 5 . ;+;f/sf k|foM ;a}h;f] b]zx¿df ljleGg tl/sfn] dlxnf pTkL8gsf lj?4 ;zQm cfGbf]ng grn]sf xf]Ogg\ t/ tL cfGbf]ngaf6 To;sf] j}1flgs ;dfwfg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g cyf{t\ dlxnfx¿ pTkL8gd'Qm x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . o;/L cgj/t / cgGt ?kdf rln/xg] k|lqmofh:tf] b]lvg] of] pTkL8g / To;sf lj?4 rNg] cfGbf]ngsf] cGTo x'g ;S5 ls ;Sb}g < o:tf] cgGt lqmofsf] ;'?jft slxn] eof] xf]nf of s'g} cnf}lss zlQm jf eujfgsf] v]n xf] < olb of] pTkL8gnfO{ x6fpg ;lsG5 eg] s;/L < cflb h:tf k|Zg k|ltk|Zgx¿ dlxnf pTkL8g;DaGwL rf;f] /fVg] x/]s JolQm jf pTkL8gdf k/]sf :jod\ dlxnf / To;sf] lj?4 ;+3if{ ug]{ x/]s dlxnf g]t[Tj / sfo{stf{x¿df p7\g' :jfefljs 5 / pl7/x]sf] klg 5 . To;}n] o; n]vdf dlxnf pTkL8gsf ¿kx¿, o;sf] pTklQsf] P]ltxfl;s ;Gbe{, ljsf; k|lqmof / To;sf] cGTosf] af/]df rrf{ ug{ vf]lhPsf] 5 .

@= dlxnf pTkL8gsf ?kx¿

P]ltxfl;s sfnb]lv g} dlxnf ju{ ljleGg pTkL8gx¿sf] lzsf/ aGb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . rfx] Tof] ;fdflhs xf];\ rfx] n}+lus, cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s of c¿ s'g} . ;a} If]qsf] pTkL8gsf] tLtf] cg'e"lt of] ju{;“u kof{Kt dfqfdf 5 . pTkL8gsf ?kx¿ c;+Vo dfqfdf eP klg tL s'g} g s'g} ;|f]t;“u ;DalGwt 5g\ . To;}n] d"ntM dlxnf pTkL8gsf ¿kx¿nfO{ b'O{ efudf af“8]/ x]g{ ;lsG5 . tL x'g\– juL{o pTkL8g cyf{t\ cfd pTkL8g / ln+uLo pTkL8g cyf{t\ ljlzi6 pTkL8g .

-s_ juL{o pTkL8g cyf{t\ cfd pTkL8g

;fdflhs ju{lje]bsf] sf/0fn] cyf{t\ zf]ifs ju{n] zf]lift ju{dfly ug]{ x/]s pTkL8gx¿sf] df/ Tof] ju{df kg]{ cfd dlxnfx¿df k|ToIf kl//x]sf] x'G5 . h:t}– ul/aL, clzIff, a]/f]huf/L, c;'/Iff, Go"g Hofnf, cTolws >d, :jf:Yo pkrf/sf] cefj, s'kf]if0f cflb–cflb . oL ;d:ofx¿ pTkLl8t ju{df kg]{ dlxnfx¿nfO{ dfq geP/ To; ju{sf k'?ifx¿nfO{ klg kl//x]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] oL ;d:ofx¿af6 pTkGg x'g] pTkL8gnfO{ juL{o pTkL8g cyf{t\ cfd pTkL8gsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 .

-v_ ln+uLo pkL8g cyf{t\ ljlzi6 pTkL8g

juL{o pTkL8gafx]s ln+uLo ?kdf dlxnf ePs} sf/0f cyf{t\ k|fs[lts zf/Ll/s agf}6s} cfwf/df dlxnfdfly ul/g] x/]s k|sf/sf pTkL8gx¿ ln+uLo tyf ljlzi6 pTkL8g x'g\, h'g pTkL8g ToxL ju{sf] k'?ifn] ef]Ug' kb}{g . h:t}– dlxnfdfly ul/g] ;fdflhs e]befj, k'?ifåf/f lbOg] dfgl;s–zf/Ll/s oftgf / k|tf8gf, 3/]n' lx+;f, aRrfaRrLsf] Psn af]´, anfTsf/, ckx/0f, dlxnf a]rlavg, ;fdflhs s';+:sf/, wfld{s s'/Llt, cGwk/Dk/f cflb–cflb . oL pTkL8gx¿ k|foMh;f] k'?ifju{åf/f cfºgf] ;fdflhs zfg;f}st / axfb'/L k|bz{g ug{ / dlxnfx¿nfO{ lg/Lx ;flat ug{ dlxnfdfly yf]kg]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

#= dlxnf pTkL8gsf] P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld

dfly pNn]lvt dlxnf pTkL8g ;dfhdf JofKt ePsf] t xfdL b]V5f}+ t/ o;sf] ;'?jft s;/L eof] < s] dlxnfx¿n] To;sf] ?k cfkm" hGdb} jf ;'?sf] pTklQsfnb]lv g} lnP/ cfPsf x'g\ t < o;sf] P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ldaf/] rrf{ u/f}+ .

dfgj;dfhsf] ljsf; -8flj{gsf] ljsf;jfbL l;4fGtcg';f/_ Ps sf]ifLo hLjsf] pTklQaf6 qmdzM 7"n–7"nf hgfj/x¿sf] ljsf; x'“b} cfof] . dfgj;dfhsf] ljsf; klg ToxL k|lqmofsf] lg/Gt/tfdf ePsf] lyof] . dflg; dflg;sf] ?kdf ljsf; x'g'eGbf klxn] dfgj;dfh eGg] s'g} lrh lyPg . hLjx¿sf] ljsf;qmdaf6 ha dflg; kl/is[t cyf{t\ k"0f{ dfgj aGof] / p;n] dfgjLo lqmofsnfk ug{ yfNof], ToxL+af6 g} dfgj;dfhsf] cjwf/0ff ljsf; ePsf] kfOG5 . ToxL dfgj ;dfhsf] ljsf;sf] k|f/lDes r/0fnfO{ cflbd ;fDojfb -kf}/fl0fs syfx¿df jl0f{t ;Too'u_ elgG5 . pQm o'udf dft[;Qf lyof] cyf{t\ To;a]nfsf] ;dfh
-;d"x_ df k'?ifeGbf dlxnfx¿ zlQmzfnL lyP . dflg;x¿ ;d"xdf a:g] ePsf]n] ;a} sfdsfhx¿ ;fd"lxs x'Gy] . >dljefhg cflbdsfns} lyof], lghL ;DklQ eGg] s]xL lyPg . ;a} sfdx¿ ;d"xs} lxtdf x'Gy] . k'?ifx¿ lzsf/ v]Ng], df5f dfg]{, sGbd"n vf]Hg] uy]{ eg] dlxnfx¿ ;d"xsf] x]/rfx, 3/]n' ;fdfgsf] lgdf{0f, a;f]jf; Joj:yfkg cflb sfdx¿ uy]{ . tTsfnLg cfjZostfsf] kl/k"lt{ ug{df 3/]n' sfdsfh dxŒjk"0f{ x'g]x'“bf Tolta]nfsf] cfly{s hLjgdf dlxnfx¿sf] e"ldsf lgs} dxŒjk"0f{ x'GYof] . Tolta]nf ;d"x–ljjfxsf] k|rng ePsf]n] aRrf aRrLx¿nfO{ cfdf sf] xf] eGg] dfq} yfxf x'GYof] . dft[ k/Dk/fcg';f/ g} uf]q / k':tfx¿sf] lgwf{/0f ul/GYof] . kmn:j?k kfl/jfl/s ?kdf klg dlxnfx¿ cu|0fL g} lyP . -kf}/fl0fs sfnsf syfx¿df b]jL eujtLsf] j0f{gaf6 klg Tolta]nfsf dlxnfx¿ zlQmzfnL lyP eGg] cg'dfg nufpg ;lsG5_ ;fd"lxs dflnsTj -g]t[Tj_ / ;fd"lxs ljjfx g} dft[;Qfsf d'Vo cfwf/ lyP . o;af6 s] k'li6 x'G5 eg] cflbd ;fDojfbL o'udf dlxnf pTkL8g lyPg a? dlxnfx¿ k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf clwsf/ ;DkGg lyP .

t/ ;don] qmdzM ult ln+b} uof] . dflg;x¿sf cfjZostfx¿df klg a[l4 x'“b} uof] / Tof] cfjZostf kl/k"lt{sf] nflu v]ltkftLsf] ;'?jft, kz'kfng, tyf 3/]n' pBf]ux¿sf] ljsf; x'g yfNof] . To;n] kl/jf/ -;d"x_df gof“ qmflGt NofOlbof] . klxn]b]lv g} hLljsfsf ;fwgx¿sf] pTkfbg ub}{ cfPsf] k'?ifju{ kl5 uP/ To;sf] dflns aGof] . h:t} ;'?df k'?ifn] kz'x¿sf] x]/rfx uYof]{ eg] kl5 uP/ To;nfO{ 3/kfn'jf agfpg] sfd klg p;}n] u¥of] . kmn:j?k kz'x¿ p;sf ;DklQ ag] / kz' ljlgdoaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;fdfgx¿ -nQf sk8f, ef“8fs'“8f / kl5 uP/ bf;x¿_ klg p;}sf ;DklQ ag] . To;/L pTkfbgaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;f/f rLhx¿ k'?ifsf] efudf k¥of] eg] dlxnfx¿ To;sf] pkef]udf dfq ;xefuL ag] . To;sf] dflnsTjdf dlxnfx¿sf] s'g} lx:;f /x]g . o;af/]df P+u]N;n] cfºgf] k|l;4 s[lt …kl/jf/, lghL ;DklQ / /fHosf] pTklQÚ df eGg'ePsf] 5– ælxhf]sf] lzsf/L …of]4fÚ 3/df dlxnf kl5sf] bf];|f] :yfgdf /x]/ dlxnfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbP/ ;Gt'i6 lyof] eg] To;kl5sf] …;f]´f]Ú uf]7fnf]n] rflx+ cfºgf] wg;DklQsf] andf cfkm"nfO{ klxnf] :yfgdf k'¥ofof] / dlxnfnfO{ bf];|f] :yfgdf /xg afWo kf¥of] . t/ klg dlxnfn] s'g} u'gf;f] ug{ ;Qm}gy] .Æ

o;/L lghL ;DklQsf] k|fb'ef{j;“u} dlxnfx¿sf] cfly{s clwsf/ vf]l;of] . pTkfbgsf] If]qdf o;/L :jfldTj lgdf{0f eP klg To;a]nf >dljefhgdf s'g} kl/jt{g ePsf] lyPg . dlxnfx¿ 3/]n' sfdsfhd} Jo:t lyP . t/ 3/aflx/sf] >d;DaGw eg] km]l/O;s]sf] lyof] . h'g >dsf] sf/0fn] lxhf] dlxnfx¿nfO{ 3/sf] ;j]{;jf{ agfPsf] lyof], cfh ToxL >d-3/]n' sfdsfh_ sf] sf/0fn] 3/df k'?ifx¿sf] cflwkTonfO{ ;'lglZrt ul/lbof] . lsgeg], hLljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu k'?ifsf] afx\o >dsf] t'nfgfdf dlxnfx¿sf] 3/]n' >dsf] s'g} dxŒj /x]g . k'?ifsf] >d ;ayf]s eof] eg] dlxnfs]f >d gu0o /x\of] . oxL pTkfbgxLg >dsf] sf/0f dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;fdflhs cyf{t afx\o >daf6 s6fP/ ;fdflhs clwsf/af6 klg al~rt ul/of] .

oL cfly{s / ;fdflhs sf/0fn] ubf{ kfl/jfl/s ;+/rgfdf klg km]/abn eof] . k|rlnt ;d"x–ljjfx / ;fd"lxs g]t[Tjaf6 cufl8 a9]/ ;do laTb} hf“bf k'?ifn] ;d"xsf w]/} >LdtLx¿af6 Pshgf k|d'v 5fg]/ To;nfO{ 3/kl/jf/ rnfpg] d'Vo ;xof]uLsf] ?kdf /fVg] ug{yfNof] . To;nfO{ c´} Jofjxfl/s agfpg o'Ud–ljjfxsf] k|rng ;'? ul/of] . o'Ud–ljjfxdf nf]Ug]–:jf:gLsf] ;DaGw Hofb} v's'nf] lyof] . Psn] csf{nfO{ 5f8\gdf s'g} aGb]h lyPg . t/ ha ;DklQsf] dflns k'?if aGg] k|lqmofsf] yfngL eof] ta cfºgf] lghL ;DklQ cfºg} ;Gtfgdf x:tfGt/0f ug'{kg]{ :jfy{k"0f{ cfjZostfn] Pslgi7 ljjfxsf] k|rng ;'? eof] . lsgls Pslgi7 ljjfxaf6 dfq lkt[Tj lgwf{/0f -afa' lrlgg]_ ul/Psf] ;Gtfg hGdg ;SYof] . ;'?df k'?ifsf] pQ/flwsf/L sfod ug]{ p2]Zoaf6 yflnPsf] Pslgi7 ljjfxsf] k|rng sfnfGt/df ;dfhsf] ljjfx;DaGwL ;j{dfGo dfkb08 aGof] . h'g ;fdflhs / sfg'gL dfGotfsf ;fy clxn];Dd klg sfod} 5 . t/ oxf“ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/f s] 5 eg] o:tf] Pslgi7tfsf] dfkb08 dlxnfx¿df dfq nfu" ePsf] 5, k'?ifx¿nfO{ o;df s'g} aGb]h 5}g . o;sf] HjnGt pbfx/0f xfdL ax'kTgL k|yf, ax'–ljjfx, j]Zofudg cflbnfO{ lng ;S5f}+ .

o;/L ;DklQsf] pbo x'g'eGbf klxn] clwsf/ ;DkGg / zlQmzfnL /x]sf] dlxnfju{ lghL ;DklQsf] pbo;“u} zlQmxLg / clwsf/ljxLg aGg k'Uof] . kl/jf/, pTkfbgsf ;fwgx¿ -lghL ;DklQ_ / ;fdflhs >d;DaGwdf ;d]t k'?ifn] cfºgf] k|e'Tj hdfO;s]kl5 dlxnfx¿sf ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/x¿ vf]l;P . dft[;Qfsf] 7fp“ lkt[;Qfn] lng k'Uof] . ;fdflhs pTkfbg ;DaGwdf dlxnfx¿sf] e"ldsf gu0o ePkl5 ;dfhdf dlxnfsf] l:ylt Pp6f ;fdfGo pkef]Uo j:t';/x aGg k'Uof] / ToxL+af6 ;'? eP– dlxnfdfly ul/g] ljljw vfnsf pTkL8gsf c6'6 >[+vnfx¿ .

$= dlxnf pTkL8gsf] ljsf; k|lqmof

dft[;Qfsf] cGTo / lghL ;DklQsf] pbo;“u} ;'?jft ePsf] dlxnf pTkL8g, To;kl5sf o'ux¿df cGTo x'g'sf] ;§f ´g\–´g\ a9\b} / km}ln+b} uof] . lghL ;DklQnfO{ alnof] ;+/If0f k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] ;dfhdf /fHosf] pTklQ eof] / lxhf]sf] lghL ;DklQsf] dflns pQm /fHosf] zf;s aGof] . hf] ;DklQljxLg lyP– tL bf; ag] . ToxL+af6 dlxnfx¿n] klg bf;Lsf] bhf{ kfP . bf; o'usf] ;'?jft eO;s]kl5 dflnsx¿n] bf;x¿nfO{ clt cdfgjLo tl/sfn] bdg u/L cfºgf] :jfy{k"lt{ ug]{ uy]{ . To;af6 dlxnfju{ t ´g\ k|tfl8t x'g' :jfefljs lyof] . o:tf] k|lqmofn] zf;s ju{n] s] a'‰of] eg] s'g} ;dodf bf;x¿n] ljb|f]x klg ug{ ;S5g\ . To;}n] cfkm" ;w}+ zf;s alg/xgsf] nflu bf;x¿nfO{ lgoGq0fdf /fVg / sHofO/fVg s'g} pkfo lgsfNg h?/L lyof] . oxL p2]Zo k"lt{ ug{sf] nflu cg]s gLlt–lgodx¿ agfOP / ToxL gLlt–lgodx¿nfO{ g} kl5 wd{sf] ?k lbOof] . To;sf] lgdf{0fstf{nfO{ b]jtfsf] ?k lbOof] . cGwljZjf; / c1fgtfdf lklN;Psf dflg;x¿n] zf;ssf] o:tf] s'l6n rfnnfO{ a'‰g} ;s]gg\ / ToxL wd{sf] e|ddf zf;snfO{ b]jtf dfGg yfn] . ToxL wd{n] g} dlxnfx¿dfly o:tf] lgod nfb\of], h;n] ubf{ pgLx¿ ;fdflhs / kl/jfl/s aGwgleq af“lwP/ cGwljZjf; / s'/Lltsf] pDsg} g;Sg] bnbnleq km;], h;sf] k|efj cfh ko{Gt wfld{s s§/tf / ;fdflhs e]befjsf] ?kdf sfod} 5 . Pj+ k|sf/n] kl5–kl5 uP/ t tL s'/fx¿n] ;fdflhs / sfg'gL dfGotf;d]t kfpg yfn] .

;dosf] ult;“u} pTkfbgsf] ljsf;n] lxhf]sf bf; dflnsx¿ hldgbf/ / ;fdGtju{df km]l/P eg] bf;x¿ ls;fg / sfnLu9df ?kfGt/0f eP . pTkfbgsf] a[l4 / ljsf;;“u} km]l/Psf] ;fdflhs ;DaGwn] ubf{ ;fdGtju{n] dlxnfx¿nfO{ lxhf]h:tf] lsga]r ug]{ bf;Lsf] ?kdf dfq g/fv]/ dgf]/~hgsf] ;fwgsf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{ yfn], h;nfO{ …/vf}6LÚ eGg] ul/GYof] . ;fdGtL o'udf g} zf;sju{ cyf{t\ hldgbf/x¿n] cfkm"n] sAhf u/]sf 7"nf–7"nf hldgx¿df cfºgf pQ/flwsf/Lx¿ km}nfpgsf] nflu Pshgfn] w]/} >LdtLx¿ /fVg] k|rngn] r/d ?k lnPsf] lyof], h'g kfl/jfl/s ?kdf dlxnfx¿sf] nflu ;a}eGbf 7"nf] clezfk lyof] .

ha ;dfhn] s[lif pTkfbgaf6 cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgdf km8\sf] df¥of] ta ;fdGtx¿ k'“hLklt ju{df km]l/P eg] ls;fg sfnLu9x¿ cf}Bf]lus dhb'/x¿df . Tolta]nf ;dfhn] w]/} km8\sf] dfl/;s]sf] lyof] . kl/jlt{t pTkfbg ;DaGwn] dlxnfx¿nfO{ 3/leqsf] ;Lldt 3]/fdf dfq /fVg ;s]g . pgLx¿n] cf}Bf]lus dhb'/sf] ?kdf sf/vfgfdf;d]t sfd ug{yfn] . Tof] ;do lj1fgsf] gof“–gof“ cfljisf/ ePsf] ;do lyof] . ;dfh ljsf;sf nflu ljleGg ljrf/x¿sf] klg ljsf; eO/x]sf] lyof] . lxhf]sf] ;+s'lrt k'“hL cfh ljzfn eP/ km}lnPsf] 5 . gof“–gof“ ;fdflhs d"No–dfGotf / dfgjclwsf/af/]sf rrf{–kl/rrf{n] -vf; u/L k'“hLjfbL d'n'sx¿df_ dlxnfx¿nfO{ lxhf]sf] cj:yfdf /flv/fVg ;Dej lyPg . To;}n] kl/jlt{t ;docg';f/ dlxnfx¿nfO{ cfºgf] lxt cg's"n k|of]u ug{ k'“hLjfbn] slyt …dlxnf :jtGqtfÚsf] gfddf lj1fkgsf] ;fwg agfO{ gfkmf s'DNofpg] gof“ /0fgLlt Nofof] . of] /0fgLltn] dlxnfx¿nfO{ dfgl;s / af}l4s ljsf;df eGbf ?k / ;f}Gbo{nfO{ a9L k|fyldstf lbP/ To;}df lnKt x'g] ef}lts jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0f u¥of] . To;}sf cleJolQm x'g\, ;f}Gbo{ k|;fwgsf] cTolws pTkfbg, km]zg zf], ;'Gb/L k|ltof]lutf cflb .

o;/L x]bf{ xfdL s] b]V5f}+ eg] h;/L k'“hL -lghL ;DklQ_ n] ;dofg's"n cfºgf] ?k kl/jt{g ub}{ kz'x¿sf] ayfgaf6 ;'? u/]/ 3/]n' pTkfbg, hUuf hldg, s[lif k'“hL x'“b} cf}Bf]lus k'“hLdf cfkm"nfO{ abNb} uof], ToxL k|lqmofdf dlxnf pTkL8gsf ?kx¿ klg ;'?df 3/]n' u[lx0fL, jkmfbf/ bf;L, /vf}6L x'“b} k'“hLjfbdf cfP/ lj1fkgsf] ;fwgdf km]l/g k'u] . jt{dfg PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] o'udf k'“hLjfbn] ;fd|fHojfbdf km8\sf] df/]sf] 5 eg] dlxnf pTkL8gsf] ?k lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] e/k"/ k|of]u ub}{ zf;sju{n] 3/}df a;La;L gfkmf sdfpg] / ;:tf] dgf]/~hg lng] ;fwgsf] ?kdf ljsf; ePsf] 5 .

%= dlxnf pTkL8gsf] cGTo

dflysf] rrf{ / ljZn]if0faf6 xfdL s] kfp“5f}+ eg] dlxnf pTkL8gsf] pTklQ lghL ;DklQsf] pbo;“u} ePsf] lyof], h'g c´};Dd sfod} 5 . t/ To;sf] cGTo x'g ;S5 ls ;Sb}g < of] k|Zg :jfefljs ?kdf p7\5 . ca o;nfO{ åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL 9+un] x]¥of}+ eg] Oltxf;sf] s'g} sfnv08df tTsfnLg kl/l:yltsf] pkhsf] ¿kdf dlxnf pTkL8gsf] hGd ePsf] lyof] eg] Oltxf;sf] s'g} csf]{ sfnv08df s'g} kl/l:yltdf o;sf] cGTo x'g' clgjfo{ 5 . of] t j}1flgs cfwf/ dfq xf] . t/ o;sf ;}4flGts–j}rfl/s cfwf/x¿ s]–s] 5g\ t < o;af/] rrf{ u/f}+ .

dlxnf pTkL8g / d'lQmsf] af/]df nfdf] ;dob]lv g} Jofks ax; 5nkmn rNb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . vf;u/L pGgfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf o;af/] lgs} 7"nf] ax; l;h{gf eof] . Tolta]nfsf] ax;n] Pp6f s] lgisif{ lgsfNof] eg] dlxnf pTkL8gsf] c;nL >f]t eg]sf] k'?ifju{ xf] . k'?ifåf/f g} dlxnfx¿n] ljBdfg pTkL8g ef]Ug'k/]sf] 5 . To;}n] k'?ifsf lj?4 ;+3if{ u/]/ cyf{t\ k'?if;/x ;dfg clwsf/ pkef]u u/]/ dfq dlxnf pTkL8gaf6 d'Qm x'g ;lsG5 . of] wf/0ffn] Tolta]nf lgs} rrf{ kfof] / ToxL wf/0ffaf6 k|efljt eP/ cfd dlxnfx¿ cfGbf]ngdf plqP . h;sf] k|efj ;+;f/sf x/]s b]zx¿df c´} klg sfod} 5 . /, ToxL wf/0ffsf ;fy dlxnfx¿n] ljleGg ?ksf cfGbf]ngx¿ klg ul//x]sf 5g\ . -h;nfO{ xfdL gf/LjfbL cfGbf]ng eGb5f}+_ . t/ pQm wf/0ffn] u/]sf] cfGbf]ngaf6 ljBdfg /fHoJoj:yfdf ;dofg's"n x'g] ;fgfltgf dlxnf;DaGwL ;'wf/sf sfdafx]s cfwf/e"t ?kdf dlxnf pTkL8gnfO{ 5f]Psf] klg 5}g . a? ljBdfg /fHo;Qfdf dlxnf pTkL8gx¿ ´g} uDeL/ / eofgs aGb} cfPsf 5g\ . o;;DaGwL csf]{ tLtf] oyfy{ s] klg xf] eg] gf/LjfbL cfGbf]ngaf6} d'lQmsf] 7"nf] ;kgf b]v]/ ;+3if{df xf]ldPsf dlxnfx¿ s'g} pknlAw xfl;n ug{ g;s]kl5 lg/fz eO{ cfGbf]ngaf6 kms]{/ oyfl:yltsf] kIfkf]if0f ul//x]sf] xfdL kfp“5f}+ . o;af6 s] k|dfl0ft x'G5 eg] k'“hLjfbL /fHo;Qfleq k'?ifsf lj?4 ul/g] dlxnf cfGbf]ngn] dlxnfx¿sf] jf:tljs d'lQm x'g ;Qm}g .

dlxnf pTkL8g;DaGwL rrf{ rln/x]sf]a]nf ;dfhdf csf]{ Pp6f o:tf] wf/0ff klg hah{h:t ?kdf lyof]– Tof] xf] dlxnf pTkL8gsf] cGTo x'g ;Qm}g, of] ;fZjt ;To xf], O{Zj/n] g} dlxnfx¿nfO{ Tof] ;a} a]xf]g{ ;[li6 u/]sf x'g\ . To;}n] dlxnf d'lQmsf] s'/f ug'{ a]sf/ 5 cflb–cflb . vf;u/L o:tf] wf/0ff /fVg]x¿ wfld{s s§/kGyL, rr{sf kfb/L tyf zf;sju{ g} d'Vo lyP . t/ o; wf/0ffn] cfd pTkLl8t dlxnfx¿nfO{ vf;} k|efj kfg{ ;s]g .

log} wf/0ffx¿ ;dfhdf JofKt ePsf]a]nf !(cf}+ ztfAbLsf] dWolt/ dxfg\ bfz{lgs sfn{ dfS;{ / k|m]8l/s P+u]N;åf/f …sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] 3f]if0ff–kqÚsf] k|sfzg eof] . pQm 3f]if0ff–kqdf ul/Psf] ;dfhsf] ju{ljZn]if0f, ;+;f/nfO{ a'‰g] / abNg] tl/sfsf] lj1fg;Ddt JofVof / k|m]8l/s PË]n;åf/f lnlvt k|l;4 s[lt …kl/jf/, lghL ;DklQ / /fHosf] pTklQÚdf dlxnfx¿sf] l:yltaf/]df ul/Psf] P]ltxfl;s ljZn]if0fn] dlxnf / dlxnf pTkL8g;DaGwL k|rlnt ;a} wf/0ffx¿sf] j}1flgs 9+un] v08g ul/lbof] . pQm ljrf/n] dlxnf pTkL8gsf] pTklQsf] P]ltxfl;s JofVof ub}{ To;sf] cGTo / cGTosf nflu ckgfpg' kg]{ tl/sfsf] 9f]sf;d]t vf]lnlbof] .

dfgjOltxf;sf] åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL tl/sfn] ljZn]if0f ub}{ dfS;{jfbn] dlxnf pTkL8g / To;sf] cGTo;DaGwL s] lgisif{ lgsfNof] eg] dlxnf pTkL8gsf] jf:tljs ;|f]t k'?if ;d'bfo geP/ lghL ;DklQ / To;df cfwfl/t lkt[;QfTds /fHo;Qf xf] . pQm /fHo;QfcGtu{t rNg] x/]s ;+oGqx¿n] dlxnf pTkL8gnfO{ ´g} alnof] agfp“b} nu]sf 5g\ . To;}n] lghL ;DklQ, To;sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ k'“hLjfbL /fHo;Qf / To;cGtu{tsf] ;fdflhs ;+/rgfsf] cGTo u/L ;dfhjfb x'“b} ;fDojfbsf] :yfkgf gubf{;Dd dlxnf pTkL8gsf] cGTo x'g ;Qm}g . pQm cjwf/0ffn] s] s'/fsf] k'li6 u5{ eg] ;dfhdf lghL ;DklQsf] cGTo;“u} ju{
-zff]ifs / zfl;t_ sf] klg cGTo x'g]5 . ju{sf] cGTo;“u} To;sf] sf/0fn] pTkGg ePsf ;Dk"0f{ c;dfgtfx¿ klg x6\g]5g\ . of] s'/f :jtM dlxnfx¿sf] xsdf klg nfu" x'g]5 h'g s'/f ju{ljxLg ;dfhdf dfq ;Dej x'g]5 . ju{pGd"ngkl5sf] ju{ljxLg ;dfh -j}1flgs ;fDojfb_ df dlxnfx¿sf] l:yltaf/]df pQm ljrf/n] s:tf] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] 5 eg], ;fDojfbdf dlxnfx¿sf juL{o pTkL8gaf6 pTkGg x'g] ;d:ofx¿ ju{sf] cGTo;“u} lanfpg]5g\ eg] ln+uLo pTkL8gaf6 ef]Ug'k/]sf ;d:ofx¿, hf] k'?ifsf] pTkL8gaf6 x'g] u/]sf 5g\, tL klg cGTo x'g] 5g\ . lsgeg], Tolta]nf k'?ifn] k'“hLsf] cf8df cfºgf] cxd\ cyf{t\ k'?ifTj k|bz{g ug]{ 7fp“ kfpg] 5}g / dlxnfx¿nfO{ pkef]Uo j:t'sf] ?kdf klg a'‰g] 5}g . tTsfnLg pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] sf/0fn] dlxnf / k'?if b'j} pGgt / j}1flgs r]tgfåf/f n}; x'g]5g\ . hxf“;Dd ljjfxsf] s'/f] 5 Tof] k'?ifdf klg nfu" x'g] pRr:t/sf] Pslgi7 ljjfxdf km]l/g] 5, h'g ljjfx ;Rrf k|]dsf] cfwf/df dfq x'g;S5 . o;;DaGwdf PË]N; n]Vg'x'G5, æefjL ;dfhdf Pslgi7 ljjfx lanfpg'sf] ;§f To;sf] k"0f{ z'4Ls/0f x'g yfNg]5 . sf/0f s] eg] pTkfbgsf ;fwgx¿ ;fdflhs ;DklQdf km]l/Pkl5 Hofnfbf/L >d / ;j{xf/fju{ klg lanfpg] 5 / To;;“u;“u} dlxnfx¿n] k};f;fd' cfTd;dk{0f ug'{ kg]{ 5}g . To;af6 j]Zofj[lQ klg lanfpg] 5 . Pslgi7 ljjfx lanfpg'sf] ;§f a? Tof] k'?ifx¿sf] nflu klg Pp6f oyfy{ aGg]5 .Æ-dfS;{, PË]N; 5flgPsf /rgfx¿, efu @_

dfS;{jfbsf] pNn]lvt ljrf/n] :ki6 ¿kdf s] ls6fg ul/lbPsf] 5 eg] dlxnf pTkL8gsf] ;jfn l;+uf] juL{o pTkL8g;“u hf]l8Psf] 5 . To;}n] o;nfO{ juL{o pTkL8gaf6 cnu u/]/ x]g{ ldNb}g . pQm ljrf/n] pTkL8gsf] ;|f]t / To;sf] cGTosf] af/]df JofVof ul/;s]kl5 To;nfO{ cGTo ug]{ ;fwg jf ljlwsf] af/]df klg ;zQm ljrf/ cufl8 Nofof], Tof] xf]– ju{;+3if{ . ju{;+3if{sf] ljlwåf/f g} ;j{xf/fju{n] k'hLkltju{sf] tVtf kN6fpg ;S5 / cfºgf] ju{sf] ;Qf :yfkgf ug{;S5 . ;j{xf/fju{sf] ToxL ;Qf g} ;dfhjfb xf] . ToxL+af6 ju{sf] ljno eP/ ;fDojfbsf] :yfkgf x'g]5 .

dfS;{jfbsf] oxL dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/]/ ;+;f/el/sf pTkLl8t ju{ / ;d'bfon] cf–cfºgf] b]zsf] ;fk]Iftfdf k'“hLkltju{sf] ;Qflj?4 eLif0f ;+3if{ ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ / ;kmntf klg xft kfb}{ cfPsf 5g\ . h:t} ;g\ !*&! sf] k]l/; sDo"g, ;g\ !(!& sf] ¿;L af]N;]ljs qmflGt, ;g\ !($( sf] lrlgof“ hgjfbL qmflGt, cflb . en} tL b]zx¿df ljljw sf/0fa; ;dfhjfb nfdf] ;do;Dd l6Sg ;s]g . t}klg dfgj;dfhsf] Oltxf;df pTkLl8t ju{ -;j{xf/fju{_ sf] d'lQmsf] lglDt tL lbgx¿ clj:d/0fLo, lzIffk|b / dfu{lgb]{zs alg/x]sf 5g\ .

-^_ lgisif{

dlxnf pTkL8gsf] pb\ej, ljsf; / cGTo;DaGwL dflysf] rrf{ / ljZn]if0faf6 s] lgisif{df k'Ug ;lsG5 eg] dlxnf pTkL8g s'g} b}jL v]n jf k|fs[lts b]g geO{ of] ju{;dfh;“u} pTkGg ePsf] ;fdflhs zf]if0fsf] Pp6f ljlzi6 ?k xf] . To;}n] o;sf] cGTo klg ju{;dfhsf] pGd"ng;“u} x'g' clgjfo{ 5 . t/ of] s'/f xft af“wL a;]/ ;Dej x'g]jfnf 5}g, To;sf] nflu pTkL8gsf] cGTo gx'“bf;Dd lg/Gt/ ;+3if{ ul//xg'k5{ . Tof] ;+3if{ dlxnfju{n] PSn} k'?ifju{sf lj?4 xf]Og, l;+uf] k'“hLklt ju{sf] /fHo;Qf kN6fpg] juL{o cfGbf]ng;“u hf]8]/ ug'{kb{5 . o;af/]df pTkLl8t dlxnfx¿df sxL+ st} s'g} e|d /xg' x'“b}g . o;} k|;+udf cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 dlxnf g]t[x¿sf lgDg egfOnfO{ :d/0f ug'{ pko'Qm x'g]5 –

æk'“hLklt dlxnfx¿åf/f k|fKt ul/g] k|To]s To:tf] ;kmntf / gof“ clwsf/n] ltgsf] xftdf ltgsL alxgLnfO{ bafpg] csf]{ Pp6f cf}hf/ dfq /flvlbg] 5 / To;n] b'O{ lj/f]wL ;fdflhs lzlj/df /x]sf dlxnfx¿nfO{ ljefhg ug]{ vfN8f]nfO{ c´ ulx/f] dfq kfg]{5 .Æ

–cn]Sh]08/ sf]nf]GtfO{

æ;fdGtjfbdf dlxnfx¿ k'?ifsf bf; x'G5g\ eg] k'“hLjfbdf dlxnfx¿ /f]huf/ k|aGwssf bf; x'G5g\ . jf:tjdf dlxnf d'lQm t ;dfhjfbdf dfq ;Dej 5 .Æ

— Snf/f h]6\lsg

hgd'lQm ;]gfdf dlxnf ;xeflutf

? r]tg s'“j/

;+;f/sf] h'g;'s} cfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntf / c;kmntf To; cfGbf]ngdf dlxnf ;xeflutfn] lgwf{/0f ub{5 eGg] dxfg\ n]lggsf] egfO g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngaf6 cnu /xg ;Qm}g . lj;+ult / ljs[ltn] el/Psf] jt{dfg k'“hLjfbL ljZjdf dlxnfx¿nfO{ pkef]usf] ;fwgsf] ?kdf x]b}{ bf];|f] bhf{sf] gful/ssf] laNnf le/fOPsf] 5 . t/ oxL k[i7e"lddf ljZjsf rlr{t qmflGtsf/L Oltxf;nfO{ x]¥of}+ eg] sltko dxfg\ dlxnfx¿n] ;a}vfn] zf]if0f–pTkL8gsf] aGwg tf]8]/ ljb|f]xsf] /lQmd Oltxf; n]v]sf 5g\ . k]l/; sDo"g, /l;og qmflGt, lrlgof“ qmflGt, leotgfdL qmflGt cflbdf dlxnfx¿n] cbDo ;fx; k|bz{g u/]sf] kfp“5f}+ . o;afx]s ;dsfnLg ljZjdf rn]sf ljb|f]xx¿ >Ln+sfsf] tfldn ljb|f]x, d'l:nd s§/kGyL ljb|f]x;Ddn] klg dlxnfx¿sf] ;xeflutf / n8fs" Ifdtfsf] gd"gf k|bz{g u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;/L P]ltxfl;s lj/f;tx¿sf] cWoog ubf{ dlxnfx¿n] dfgjhLjgsf cToGt s7f]/ / kL8fbfoL pTkL8gsf afjh"b klg cfºgf] juL{o, ln+uLo d'lQmsf nflu ck"j{ Tofu–tk:of / alnbfgLsf sLlt{dfg\ /fVg ;Sg'af6 x/]s dlxnfn] uj{ ug{ l;Sg}kg]{ b]lvG5 tfls cfkm" klg o;/L g} ;dlk{t x'g ;lsof];\ .

jt{dfg cj:yfdf rln/x]]sf ljZjsf ;j{xf/f d'lQm cfGbf]ngx¿ k]?, ef/t, lkmlnlkG; / g]kfnL e"lddf rn]sf] dxfg\ hgo'4sf] qmddf dlxnfx¿n] ;a}vfn] zf]if0f–pTkL8gsf] 3'D6f] RofltlbPsf 5g\ . ;+;f/d} ;j{xf/fju{sf] /fHo;Qf geO/fv]sf] a]nf g]kfndf :yfkgf ePsf] gof“ hgjfbL ;Qfsf ljleGg cËx¿df g]kfnL dlxnfx¿n] cfºgf] dha"t ks8 hdfPsf 5g\ . cjZo klg of] ljlzi6tf xfl;n ug{' rfgr'g] ;+3if{n] ;Dej lyPg . qmflGtk|ltsf] ck"j{ Tofu, tk:of / alnbfgLsf] /lQmd Oltxf; g} o;sf] cfwf/ xf] . hgo'4sf] dxf;d/df uf}/jzfnL ;}Go ;+u7g hgd'lQm ;]gfdf ;xefuL eO{ cfw'lgs xltof/af6 rNg] uf]nLsf k/f{;“u kf}+7]hf]/L v]Nb} b'Zdgaf6 xltof/ vf]:g], zf/Ll/s–dfgl;s oftgf, ;fd"lxs anfTsf/h:tf h3Go oftgfaf6 klg cfkm"nfO{ slxNo} ljrlnt gu/L qmflGtk|lt b[9 /xL cfºgf] hLjg pT;u{ ug]{ dxfg\ cfbz{ g} g]kfnL dlxnfx¿sf] ;kmntfsf] sf/0f xf] .

;}Go ;+u7gdf dlxnf ;xeflutf

hgo'4sf] ;'?jftsf r/0fdf ;}Go ;+/rgf n8fs" bn, ;'/Iff bn / :jod\;]js bnsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] lyof] . To;tfsf tL bnx¿df Psfw dlxnf 5fkfdf/x¿sf] ;xeflutf b]Vg ;lsGYof] . k'?ifx¿sf] k+lQmdf u'Go"–rf]nLsf] 7fp“df ;}lgs kf]zfs / xltof/ le/]sf] cfsif{s b[ZonfO{ dlxnfx¿ lgs} pT;flxt eP/ x]b{y] . To;}u/L :jod\ dlxnf ;b:ox¿nfO{ k'?ifx¿sf] k+lQmdf ;“u;“u} lx+8\g'kbf{ Jofjxfl/s ?kdf cK7Øf/f] x'g] u/]sf] ;xefuLx¿ atfpFy] . t/ ;do kl/jt{g;“u} lrGtg, Jojxf/ / ljrf/sf] ?kfGt/0f;“u} ;ayf]s ;fdfGo x'“b} uof] . 5fkfdf/ ;+u7gx¿df dlxnf ;xeflutf a9\b} uof] . ufp“sf km6fxf ;'/fsLx¿dflysf] sfjf{xLsf qmddf d's'08f] af“w]sf dlxnfx¿sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutfsf If0fx¿ clj:d/0fLo 5g\ . ;xh–c;xh, ;kmntf–c;kmntf, cf“;'–xf“;f]sf] aLraf6 qmflGtsf] cfjZostfcg'?k cGttM hgd'lQm ;]gfdf dlxnfx¿sf] ;xeflutf ;+VofTds ¿kdf klg a9\b} uof], ;fy;fy} n8fs" Ifdtfsf] ljsf; klg .

hgo'4sf] gf} jif{sf] cf“wLdo Oltxf; kms]{/ x]bf{ n8fO“sf df]rf{x¿df dlxnf ;xeflutf ;'?df sd /xg] u/] klg qmdzM To;sf] ;+Vof a9]/ uPsf] b]Vg ;lsG5 . s= kf;fËåf/f lnlvt /]8x¿sf] ;+ufnf] …Oltxf;sf /lQmd kfOnfx¿Ú gfds k':tsdf pNn]v ul/Psf] tYofÍcg';f/ @)%% ;fnsf] h]njfË bËf k|x/L a]; SofDkdflysf] /]8sf qmddf ^ hgf dlxnf 5fkfdf/x¿n] P;N6df n8]sf lyP . t/ ?s'dsf] ts;]/f k'ln; rf}sL sfjf{xLdf eg] Tof] ;+Vof a9]/ @! k'u]sf] lyof] . hfh/sf]6sf] kf“rsfl6ofdf #% hgf dlxnfx¿ P;N6df n8] . ;+3if{sf] pRrtf;“u} x/]s sfjf{xLdf dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] a9\bf] tYofÍn] s] b]vfp“5 eg] ;}Go ;+u7gdf dlxnf ;xeflutf cTolws a9]/ uof] . @)%& ;Dd cfp“bf 8f]Nkfsf] ;b/d'sfd b'g} sfjf{xLdf Ps ;o hgf dlxnf 5fkfdf/x¿ P;N6df /x]/ cu|df]rf{df n8]sf lyP . pQm tYofÍdf pNn]v ul/Pcg';f/ @)%* df bfËsf] ;b/d'sfd 3f]/fxLsf] sfjf{xLdf ljleGg P;N6x¿df ^* hgf dlxnf ;]gfx¿sf] ;xeflutf lyof], h'g kmd]{zgaf6 5flgPsf] 6's8L lyof] . of] t ;fdfGo pbfx/0f dfq xf] . b]zel/sf ;}Go kmd]{zgx¿df slt dlxnf ;xeflutf lyof] / slt cu|df]rf{df n8\b} cfPsf 5g\ eGg] s'/f o; tYofÍaf6 klg ;xh} cf“sng ug{ ;lsG5 .

hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] kmd]{zgdf ePsf] a[l4 / /fHo;Qfsf] clGtd zlQm zfxL ;]gf;“usf] eLif0f n8fO“kl5 ljz]if u/L @)%* b]lv @)^! ;fn;Dd cfp“bf g]kfnL dlxnfx¿n] hgd'lQm ;]gfdf /x]/ pRr ljrf/, Tofu, tk:of / alnbfgLsf pRr sLlt{dfg v8f ul/;s]sf 5g\ . xhf/f}+sf] ;+Vofdf nfda4 dlxnf ;]gfgLx¿ hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] a6flnog sld;f/, a6flnog sdf08/ h:tf] pRr cf]xbf;Dd k'u]/ lhDd]jf/L ;DxfNb} cfPsf 5g\ . /]8, dfOlgª, PDa'z, sdf08f] cflb sfjf{xL x'g\ jf ;}Go k|lzIf0f -tflnd_, OG6]lnh]G;, cfl6{n/L ;a} ljefu / txx¿df hLjGt lqmofzLn 5g\ . b':dgx¿nfO{ t rdTsfl/s snfn] ;d]t x}/fg–k/]zfg kf/]s} 5g\ . cfGtl/s k+lQmdf klg *!Æ df]6f{/sf] Aof/]n, a]; Kn]6, hL=kL=Pd\=hL=h:tf ef/Le/sd xltof/ grfp“b} lx+8\g'n] csf]{ rdTsf/ k}bf ul/lbPsf 5g\ . l;Gb'/, kf]t], r'/f / u/uxgfx¿df ;lhg] lxhf]sf dlxnfx¿ cfh hL=kL=Pd\=hL=sf dfnfx¿ klxl/P/ lx+8]sf] b]Vg ;lsG5 . oltdfq xf]Og, df=n]=df=jfbL j}1flgs ljrf/n] n}; ePkl5 dlxnfx¿ cfºgf] gf/L ;f}Gbo{nfO{ qmflGtsf/L snfTds ;f}Gbo{tfdf abNb}, axfb'/L k|bz{g ub}{ s}of}+ b':dgx¿nfO{ cfºgf] sAhfdf lng ;kmn ePsf pbfx/0fx¿ b]Vg ;lsG5 . ;+;f/}el/ gof“ ;Gb]z lbg] uf]vf{ h]n a|]ssf gflosfx¿n] h]nleq h]n k|zf;g;“u b]vfPsf] ;f}Gbo{, snfsfl/tf, sflnsf6f/ sdf08f] sfjf{xLdf b'O{ dlxnf 5fkfdf/x¿n] b]vfPsf] snfsfl/tf ljz]if pNn]vgLo / l;Sg nfos sLlt{dfg\x¿ x'g\ . o;afx]s kbf{leqsf pRr ljj]s, ;fx;sf ;fy dlxnfx¿n] u/]sf ;r]t ;f}Gbo{ snfsf gd'gfx¿ t slt 5g\ slt .

alnbfgL If]qdf dlxnf

?s'dsL wgdfof >]i7, /f]Nkfsf s'df/L a'9f / nnL /f]sfx¿af6 ;'? ePsf] alnbfgLsf] >[+vnf cfh b]zel/ xhf/f}+sf] ;+Vofdf k'lu;s]sf] 5 . rfx] b':dgsf] kz'jt\ oftgfsf lj?4 k|lt/f]w ubf{ xf];\ of b':dgsf v'gL SofDkdfly wfjf af]Nbf Ps OGr lz/ g´'sfP/ cfºgf] ju{d'lQmsf vflt/ hLjg alnbfg ug{ slQ klg lxlRsrfPgg\ . x/]s alnbfgLsf] Oltxf;df b"wsf] b"w kfgLsf] kfgL;/L dxŒj uf“l;P/ /x]sf] 5 . rfx] hgo'4sf] /IffTds r/0f, ;Gt'ng jf xfnsf] k|Tofqmd0fsf x/]s df]8x¿df xf];\, x/kn, x/r/0fsf dxŒjk"0f{ ld;gx¿;“u tL alnbfgLx¿sf] dxŒj uf“l;Psf] 5 .

n8fO{+sf] df]rf{sf] s'/f ubf{ k"j{ a]yfgaf6 s= lbndfof of]~hgn] b':dgsf lj?4 n8\b} ubf{ dxfg\ zxLb x'g] cj;/ kfOg\ . klxnf] k6s k"j{sf] ;kmn sfjf{xLsf] 9f]sf vf]Ng] a]yfg sfjf{xLsf] dxŒj h;/L avfg ul/G5, To;/L g} lbndfof of]~hgnufotsf xf]gxf/ jL/fËgfx¿sf] gfd cufl8 cfp“5 . @)%^ ;fndf hg;]gfsf] s]Gb|Lo ;}Go tflnd lzlj/ /f]Nkfsf] ;'sLbxdf b':dgn] xdnf u¥of] . Ps xhf/sf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf] rf}tkmL{ gfsfaGbL u/]sf] b':dgsf] zlQm;“u rf}aL; 306f eLif0f eL8Gt u/L cfºgf] >4]o g]t[Tj k+lQmnfO{ ;s'zn arfpg ;kmntf xfl;n ug]{ qmddf P3f/ hgf xf]gxf/ jL/–jL/fËgfx¿sf] ;'sLbxdf /ut aUof] . tL dWo]s} :Sjfo8 ;b:o pmiffls/0f -s= clgtf a'9f_ n] klg pRr d[To'j/0f u/]sL lyOg\ . tL xf]gxf/ of]4fx¿sf] axfb'/Lk"0f{ zxfbtn] g} l;+uf] k+lQm aRg ;kmn ePsf] lyof] . zfxL ;]gf;“usf] klxnf] eLif0f n8fO{+ 3f]/fxL Aof/]sdf Ps s'zn sdf08/ s= ;kgfsf] zxfbt eof] . pxf“ Ps ljb|f]xL, s'zn n8fs", ;+u7s / ;flxTok|]dL, kmd]{zgdf :yflkt dlxnf x'g'x'GYof], h;n] hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ ;bf;bf ljhoL eO/xg] cfw'lgs xltof/sf] y'k|f] lhDdf nufP/ ljbf x'g'eof] . @)%( ;fndf ;tal/of sfjf{xL ;kmntfsf] v';Lsf] ;Gb]z af]s]/ kmls{/x“bf bfËsf] d's'{6Ldf b':dgsf] PDa'zdf k/]/ s= /lZdnfn] jL/ult k|fKt ug'{ eof] . a;leq b':dgn] kmfol/Ë ul//x“bf kmfo/ P08 d"jd]G6;“u} 3]/f tf]8]/ aflxl/+bf b':dgsf] uf]nL nfu]/ pxf“ 9Ng' eof] . t/ k|f0f /x'Gh]n nl8/x]sf] s'/f pxf“sf] zj x]bf{ alnof] u/L ksl8/fv]sf] kmfol/Ë kf]lhzg, xft l6«u/df /x]sf] b[Zon] klg clGtd;Dd k|lt/f]w hf/L /fv]sf] nv sf6\g ;lsG5 . efjfËsf] eL8Gtdf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] sDkgL sdf08/ s= ;kgfzLnfsf] zxfbt eof] . c;fWo} cfqmfds, s'zn n8fs", :ki6 dlxnf, hf] ju{;+3if{sf] nfdf] Oltxf;af6 vfl/+b} cfpg' ePsf] lyof], pxf“sf] zxfbtn] xfn;Ddsf] dlxnfsf] pRr cf]xbfsf] sdf08/sf] Iflt x'g k'u]sf] 5 . pxf“sf] n8fs" snf, Ifdtf, ;fx; / jL/tfnfO{ x/]s of]4fx¿n] l;sf] ug{ h?/L 5 . x/]s n8fO{+x¿df dlxnfx¿sf] tLvf] sfzg ;'lgGYof] t pxf“sf] g} . b':dgnfO{ r'gf}tL lbg] Tof] cfjfh efjfËsf] kfvfd} x/fof] . u'NdLsf] jfdL6S;f/df Knf6"g sdf08/ s= km"ndfof ;f? du/ -/df_ u08s If]qsL k|v/ sdf08/ 9Ng' eof] . s';'d sfjf{xLdf sDkgL ;x–sdf08/ s= ´/gf, hf] pbfp“bf] dlxnf sdf08/ x'g'x'GYof], sf] zxfbt eof] . efn'jfË sf/jfxLdf 3fOt] ePsL Knf6"g sdf08/ s= rfxgf, h;nfO{ bfËsf] s'“8'n]df b'Zdgn] 3]/fdf kf/L xTof u/]sf] lyof], n] 3fOt] cj:yfd} b':dgsf] r/d oftgf / anfTsf/sf] clGtd cj:yf;Dd k|lt/f]w u/L cfTdf]T;u{ u/]sf] 36gf tfhf 5 . P]ltxfl;s a]gL sfjf{xLdf Knf6'g sdf08/x¿ s= ;l/tf, s= jL0ff, s= r'gf}tLx¿sf] jL/tfk"0f{ zxfbt dlxnf ;]gfgLx¿sf] csf]{ sLlt{dfgk"0f{ alnbfgL xf] . xfn;fn} ndh'ªsf] afx'g8f“8fdf s= hLljsfnufot xfn} dfq s}of}+ dlxnf sdf08/ ;b:ox¿ k|Tofqmd0fsf] klxnf] r/0fsf] sfjf{xL 3gLe"t kfg]{ qmddf zxLb x'g'ePsf] 5 .

o;afx]s ljleGg ldlt / ljleGg sfjf{xLx¿df zxfbt x'g]x¿sf] ;+Vof TolQs} w]/} 5 . km'lG6jfË eL8Gtdf s= ;D´gf / s= k|ult, c5fddf s= b[li6, dxt eL8Gtdf s= c~hnL, :ofª\hf eL8Gtdf s= cf:yf, h'Dnf /]8df s= gjLgf, cvf{jfË eL8Gtdf s= l;h{gzLnf, efn'jfËdf s= sljtf, ;fwgf, ljkgf, /ljgf, g}gf / r'gf}tL, efjfËdf s= ;l/tf, a]gLdf s= aGbgf, Hof]lt, e[s'6L ,c~hgf, alatfnufot b]zel/ xhf/f}+ dlxnf ;]gfgLx¿n] b':dg;“usf] cu|df]rf{df n8\g] qmddf jL/ult k|fKt ul/;Sg' ePsf] 5 .

dxfg\ hgd'lQm ;]gf h;n] ;r]t kxndf cfºgf] cd"No hLjgnfO{ qmflGtsf] alnj]bLdf r9fP/ hgo'4sf] bzf}+ ;kmn jif{df cfOk'Ubf >4]o cWoIf s= k|r08n] eGg'eP´}+, ægof“ g]kfn lgdf{0f ug]{ dxf;d/sf] ofqfdf g]kfnsf gbLgfnfdf s]jn kfgL dfq au]sf] 5}g, g]kfn cfdfsf xhf/f}+ ;'Gb/ 5f]/f–5f]/Lx¿sf] /ut ;d]t au]sf] 5 .Æ cjZo klg oL dxfg\ hLjg / uf}/jzfnL d[To'j/0fn] af“r]sfx¿nfO{ clGtd o'4;Dd nfda4 x'g på]lnt ul//xg] 5 .

cfGbf]ngsf x/]s Iflt / pknlAwx¿sf] ;+Zn]if0f ubf{ To;sf] vf; lhDd]jf/L dxfg\ hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ hfg] ub{5 . x/]s jL/tfk"0f{ sLlt{dfg\x¿sf] z]o/ ;}Go k+lQmn] xfl;n ub{5 . To;/L g} k'?if / dlxnf Ps /ysf b'O{ kf+u|f x'g\ eGg] nf]sf]lQm´}+ To;sf] cfwf z]o/ cfwfcfsfz, cfwfwtL{ cf]u6\g] dlxnfx¿nfO{ hfg' clgjfo{ lgodleqsf] s'/f xf] . o;/L gof“ g]kfn h;/L olta]nf ljZjsf ;fd' s=cWoIfn] eGg' eP´}+– æg]kfn / g]kfnLsf] kl/ro csf{sf lglDt n8\g] ef8fsf l;kfxL hGdfpg] b]z xf]Og, cfºgf] lglDt n8\g] qmflGtsf/L jL/x¿sf] b]z eg]/ kl/lrt ePsf] 5 .Æ of] ;f/ule{t pb\uf/nfO{ x/]s qmflGtsf/L of]4f / dlxnfx¿n] of] prfO;Dd Nofpg cfºgf] hLjg alnbfg ug]{ dxfg\ zxLbx¿sf] zky vfP/ cfTd;ft\ u/f}+ † x/]s r'gf}tLx¿sf] ;fdgf ul/g]5 / dxfg\ ;Defjgfx¿ k|fKt x'g]5g\ / zf]if0f / pTkL8glagfsf] ;'Gb/ ;+;f/ cjZo pbfpg] 5 .

dxfg\ zxLb dfof ef6

-s= lg?_ sf] hLjgL

? ?kf rf}w/L

æh:tf];'s} k/LIffsf 38Ldf klg b[9 /x]/ k|fKt x'g] k|To]s df}sfx¿nfO{ qmflGtsf/L sfo{ / zq'lj?4sf] ;+3if{df xfdLn] nufpg' kb{5 .Æ –ofªsfO{ x'O{

æsf]qmf xNnfpg] xftx¿n] ;+;f/ xNnfpg ;S5g\ .Æ –qm'K;sfof

jf:tljs hLjg Tof] xf] hf] d[To'df klg /dfpg ;S5 . hLjg s]jn ;f; km]g'{ dfq xf]Og, d[To'nfO{ lhTg;Sg' klg xf] . qmflGtdf sfo/x¿ efU5g\, u2f/x¿ 3'“8f 6]S5g\, cfTd;dk{0f u5{g\ t/ qmflGtsf/Lx¿ lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] ;]jf ub{5g\ . d[To'df klg hLjg b]V5g\ . To:t} oxf“ d[To'df hLjg b]Vg], ;u/dfyfsf] h:t} ux|f}+ d[To'j/0f ug]{ Oltxf;s} kfgfdf gfd n]vfpg ;kmn x:tL dlxnf g]t[ dfof ef6sf] ;+lIfKt hLjgL k|:t't ug{ vf]lhPsf] 5 .

afNosfn

;fgf] sb ux'“uf]/f] j0f{sL dfof ef6sf] hGd s}nfnLsf] ;'“u/vfn uf=lj=;= df lgDgdWod ls;fg kl/jf/df @)@* ;fn df3 $ ut] a'af nfnl;+x vqL / cfdf lbn;/f vqLsf] sf]vaf6 ePsf] lyof] . dfof ef6 # 5f]/f / # 5f]/LdWo]sL ;a}eGbf sfG5L 5f]/L x'g'x'GYof] . juL{o ;dfh / ;dfhdf ljBdfg ;fdGtjfbL ;+:sf/sf] k|efjaf6 pxf“ klg c5"tf] /xg ;Sg' ePg . pQm ;+:sf/df 5f]/LnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f / ug]{ Jojxf/n] ubf{ 5f]/Lsf] /fhgLlt g} r'nf]rf}sf]sf] 3]/fleq x'GYof] . 5f]/LnfO{ eft–efG;fsf] sfd / uf]7fnfsf] sfd l;sfOGYof] . pxf“sf] afNo hLjgsf] pb\3f6g cf}krfl/s lzIffsf] ;f6f] h+undf ufO{–afv|f r/fpg] sfdsf] ;fy} s[lif If]qdf g} laTof] . lh2L a9L ug]{ :jefjsf] sf/0f klg cfk"mnfO{ lrQ ga'em]sf] s'/fdf c8fg lng] u/]sf /dfOnf 36gfx¿ klg 5g\ . 3/df a'xf/Ldfly ul/g] zf]if0fsf ;fy} laxfg rf/} ah] efph"x¿nfO{ l9sL / hf“tf] s'6\g / lk:g nufp“bf cfk"mnfO{ c;}Xo ePsf] / sltko lbgdf l9sLsf] ;fd lgsfn]/ n'sfOlbPsf] /dfOnf] 36gf pxf“n] ;'gfpg] ug'{x'GYof] .

j}jflxs hLjg ;“u;“u} ;'?jft ePsf] /fhgLlt

;dfh / cfdfa'afsf] gh/df ljjfx ug{ of]Uo alg;s]sL dfof ef6sf] ljjfx @)$@ ;fndf alnof uf=lj=;=sf}jfk'/ lgjf;L eLdaxfb'/ ef6 -cfºg} lbbLsf] b]j/_ ;“u ;DkGg x'guof] . c¿sf] eGbf leGb} :jefjsL / cfk"mnfO{ lrQ ga'em]sf] s'/f g:jLsfg]{ ePsf]n] sltko k/Dk/fut ;+:s[ltx¿ tf]8\gdf cfºg} kl/jf/sf] klg cxd\ e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . >LdtL alg;s]kZrft\ ;fk]Iftfdf eGbf klg lg/k]If tl/sfn] ;f;'–;;'/fsf] ;]jf rfs/L, >Ldfg\sf] v'§f wf]Psf] kfgL vfg'kg]{ s'/fsf] ;fy} /h:jnf x'“bf kfgL–k“w]/fb]lv lnP/ eft–efG;f, ;'Tg] ;jfndf ul/Psf] kIfkft cflbn] leqleq} kf]n]sf] cg'e"lt x'“bf tL ;jfnx¿df cfºgf] >Ldfg\;“u 5nkmn u/L cGttM To;nfO{ tf]8\g] k|of; hf/L /fVg'eof] / ;kmn klg x'g'eof] . >Ldfg\ -eLdaxfb'/ ef6_ k|ultzLn ljrf/wf/fsf] x'g'x'GYof] . To;}n] dfof ef6nfO{ >Ldfg\af6 x/]s ljifodf ;kf]6{ ldNg] s'/f :Jffefljs klg lyof] . o;n] ubf{ x/]s k|sf/sf] jftfj/0f ldNb} uof] . cGttM pxf“ dlxnf g]t[ ag]/ hgtfdf :yflkt x'g'eof] . tTsfnLg cj:yfdf 5f]/La'xf/Lx¿ cGoq uPsf] / c¿ s;};“u af]n]sf] s'/f u|fdL0f ;dfhdf kRb}GfYof] . ;dosf] rqm ;“u;“u} pxf“n] qmdz # j6f 5f]/L hGdfpg' eof] . -lji0f', k"hf / k|ltef_ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] k|efj pxf“sf] ufp“lt/ kb}{ lyof] . clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3sf] ;+u7gdf ;+ul7t x'g] sfdsf] ;fy} dlxnfnfO{ ;+ul7t agfpg] sfd eof] . s]xL ;do :jod\;]ljsf eP/ sfo{ ubf{ To;sf] ;fy;fy} dlxnfsf pTkL8gsf] ljifodf s'/f ub}{ To;sf] lj?4df n8\g] ;'emfj lb+b} hfg'eof] . :yfgLo txdf x'g] gf/f–h'n'z / x8\tfnx¿df pxf“sf] ;xeflutf /xg uof] . @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngkZrft\ @)$* ;fndf hgcfGbf]ng lbj; dgfpg] qmddf s}nfnL eNsfdf ePsf] uf]nL sf08sf] ;dodf pxf“ klg ;xefuL x'g' ePsf] lyof] . >Ldfg\sf] /fhgLlts hLjgsf] ;'?jftdf /fhgLlt ug]{ jftfj/0f ldnfpg'sf] ;fy} 3/sf] /]vb]v / tLg j6} 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ x'sf{pg] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{eof] . cf}krfl/s lzIff glnPsf] dfG5] t/ c;fWo} Jofjxfl/s eP/ ;f“Rr} 3/sf] ;Dk"0f{ rf“hf]kf“hf] ldnfpg' Tolt rfgr'g] ljifo lyPg . Tof] cf“6 / ljZjf; ;“u;“u} >Ldfg\nfO{ ;j{xf/fju{sf] kf6L{df k"0f{sfnLg agfpg] jftfj/0f ldnfp“b} To;af6 cfOkg]{ ;d:ofx¿;“u h'Wg] k|lta4tf klg pxf“n] ug'{eof] . s}nfnLdf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ kf6L{ e"ldutsf] ;fy} ;fgf] klg lyof] . sfo{stf{x¿ yf]/} lyP . kf6L{ /IffTds r/0faf6 cufl8 a9\b} lyof] . b':dgsf] babaf lyof] . Tof] cj:yfdf ;"rgf–;+rf/ hf]8\g] ;'/Iffsf] sfddf dlxnfx¿sf] c;fWo} 7"nf] e"ldsf /xg] u/]sf] lyof] / dfof ef6n] klg ToxL ug'{eof] . @)%% ;fn >fj0f !& ut]sf] s'/f xf]– kf6L{ sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf s}nfnL lhNnfsf ;]qm]6/L o1Zj/ zdf{, eLdaxfb'/ ef6 / 6+s af]u6LnfO{ sf}jfk'/df ;]N6/ lnP/ a;]sf] a]nf ;L=cfO{=8L=sf] ;'/fsLdf b':dgn] /ftdf 3/ 3]/f xfnL laxfg * ah]lt/ sAhfdf lnO;s]kZrft\ h+undf lnP/ ;fd"lxs xTof u¥of] . pxf“df efjgfsf] lx;fan] 7"nf] rf]6 kg'{ :jfefljs lyof] . >Ldfg\sf] d[To'kZrft\ >LdtLsf] klg hLjg l;l4G5 eGg] k/Dk/fnfO{ tf]8\b} zf]snfO{ zlQmdf / cf“;'nfO{ cfqmf];df abNb} lj/f]wL kIfsf] cufl8 Ps yf]kf cf“;' gaufO{ # hgfsf] ;fd"lxs xTof u/]sf] 7fp“df uO{ /utsf] 6Lsf nufO{ efif0f ubf{ lj/f]wL kIfx¿sf] cf“vfdf ;d]t cf“;' gcfO{ 5f]8]g . lrKnf / dL7f cfbz{ 5f“6\g]x¿sf] nflu ;fdfGo dlxnfn] u/]sf] of] lqmofsnfk 7"nf] r'gf}tL lyof] . To;kl5sf lbgx¿df 3/df 5'l§;s]sf] cj:yf, >Ldfg\sf] zxfbt, ;fgf slnnf d'gfx¿, Psflt/ b':dgk|ltsf] tLj| 3[0ff ;a} Ps}k6s x'“bf pxf“nfO{ klg r'gf}tL aGg k'Uof] . tTsfnLg cj:yfdf tLg hgfsf] zxfbt s}nfnL lhNnfdf ;fdfGo Iflt lyPg . >Ldfg\sf] xTofkZrft\ klg b':dg 9'Ss lyPg . p;n] af/Daf/ 3/kl/jf/nfO{ ;tfpg] sfd hf/L /fVof] lsgls pm pxf“nfO{ klg cfk"mnfO{ g} aw ug]{ c:qsf] ?kdf a'lem/fv]sf] lyof] . pxf“nfO{ rf}sLdf tf/]v nufpg] sfd u¥of] . Tolt dfq geO{ lh=k|=sf=df rnfgL ug]{ sfd klg eP . b':dg ljrf/ / /ut;“u hf]l8Psf] ;DaGwnfO{ lgld6\ØfGg kfg{ rfxGYof], em'sfpg rfxGYof] . t/ p;n] dfofnfO{ hlt dfgl;s oftgf lbP klg tL ;a} gfsfdofa /x] . cGttM ;fdfGo dlxnfnfO{ >Ldfg\s} sf/0fn] y'lg/fVg plrt x'Gg eGg] bjfa rf}tkmL{ cfO;s]kZrft\ pxf“nfO{ 5f]8\g] sfd eof] . oBlk pxf“ 3/df klg b':dgsf] lgu/fgLdf x'g'x'GYof] .

k"0f{sfnLg hLjgsf] ;'?jft / zxfbt

kf6L{ tLg hgfsf] xTofsf] ;'/fsLsf] cg';Gwfgdf lg/Gt/ nflu/fv]sf] lyof] . ;'/fsL lglZrt e};s]sf] l:yltdf ;j]{ ug]{ sfd eO/x]sf] lyof] . dfof ef6sf] kf6L{;“usf] hLljt ;Dks{ a9\b} uof] . Tolta]nf dfof ef6 Y.C.L. sf] ;b:o x'g'xGYof] . kf6L{sf lhDd]jf/ sd/]8x¿af6 5nkmn ubf{ cfGbf]ngdf nfu]/ ;j{xf/fju{sf] d'lQmsf] af6f]df nfda4 eP/ dfq jf:tljs ?kdf /utsf] abnf lng ;lsG5 eGg]] s'/fn] bl/nf] ljZjf; k}bf eO{ pxf“ k"0f{sfnLg eP/ cGofosf] lj?4df n8\g] k|lta4tf hfx]/ ub}{ @)%% ;fn df3 $ ut] ;'/fsL nf]s/fh 9sfnsf] ;kmfofkZrft k"0f{sfnLg ;b:o aGg'eof] . Tolta]nf pxf“n] c=g]=d=;+3=-qmflGtsf/L_ sf] lhNnf ;b:osf] lhDdf klg k|fKt ul/;Sg' ePsf] lyof] . pxf“ efiffsf] cgle1tfdf klg hgz}nL ckgfpg ;Sg] snf ePsL g]t[ x'g'x'GYof] . dfcf]jfbL dlxnfk|ltsf e|dx¿ / x]g]{ unt b[li6sf]0fx¿nfO{ lrb}{ pxf“ cufl8 a9\g'eof], h;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k clxn] ;of}+ dlxnf alxgLx¿ k"0f{sfnLg x'g'x'G5 . pxf“n] @)%^ df P=;L=Pd=sf] lhDdfsf] ;fy;fy} dlxnf cWoIf kb klg ;DxfNb} cfpg'ePsf] lyof] . @)%^ d} kf6L{n] ;+rfng u/]sf] …ole6Ú cleofg -r'/]df ;+rflnt_ df /fhgLlt lj:tf/ ug]{ qmddf dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgefpg'sf] ;fy} @)%^ s} >fj0f !^ ut] xltof/ l;h cleofgsf] jflif{s pT;j dgfpg] qmddf b/v uf=lj=;=sf] sLlt{k'/sf] t]haxfb'/ dNnsf] 3/df xltof/ l;h ug]{ sfddf klg pxf“ ;xefuL aGg'ePsf] lyof] . @)%* ;fndf s}nfnLdf ls;fgsf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] ^) xhf/ hg;d'bfosf] pkl:yltdf ;DkGg ePsf] ljzfn hg;efdf ;d]t dlxnf d'lQmsf] af/]df af]n]/ df;nfO{ 5Ss agfpg] sfd ug'{eof] . To;kl5 pxf“sf] lhDdf a9\b} uO/x]sf] lyof] . ;f] cj:yfdf pxf“ kf6L{ 8L=;L=Pd= tyf dlxnfsf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltdf cfO;Sg' ePsf] lyof] . cleofgdf ;l/s eO{ /fhgLlt lj:tf/ ug]{b]lv lnP/ y'k|} k|lzIf0fx¿df k|lzIfssf] e"ldsf klg pxf“n] lgjf{x ug'{ePsf] lyof] . dlxnfx¿sf] Wofg s]lGb|t ug{;Sg] ;/n tl/sfsf] k|lzIf0faf6 dlxnfx¿nfO{ k|efljt kfg]{ snf / Ifdtf pxf“df lyof] . @)%* ;fndf b':dgn] nfu" u/]sf] ;+s6sfndf y'k|} sAhf, PS;g, / ;]jf]6]hdf klg cfºgf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . @)%( ;fndf dlxnf df]rf{sf] tkm{af6 s]xL lhNnf x]g]{ lhDdf pxf“n] kfpg'eof] . pxf“sf] sfo{If]qsf] lx;fan] t/fO{sf] s~rgk'/ / 88]Nw'/fsf] lhDdf lyof] . s}nfnL lhNnfsf] s]lGb|t k|lzIf0fdf h'l6/x]sf] cj:yfdf, ;f] k|lzIf0fkZrft\ sfo{If]q hfg] lx;fan] k|lzIf0fsf] tof/Ldf s]xL e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ / 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ e]63f6 ug]{ p2]Zo;lxt Joj:yfkgsf] lhDdf lnP/ uPsL dfof ef6sf] k|lzIf0f :yndf gk'Ub} zxfbt x'g k'Uof] . sfo{qmdsf] Joj:yfkg Pp6} ?6 / nfdf] ;do;Dd ePsf]n] PS;kf]h x'g k'Uof] . ;'/fsLnfO{ c;}x\o eof] / p;n] b':dgnfO{ va/ u/L @)%( ;fn efb| & ut] laxfg * ah]lt/ rf}tkmL{ 3]/f xfNb} cufl8 a9]kl5 pxf“x¿ 3]/fleq kg'{eof] . b'Zdg kmfo/ ub}{ cufl8 a9\of] . pxf“x¿n] 3]/f tf]8\g] sf]l;; t ug'{eof] t/ dfof ef6 bf}8“bf–bf}8“b} uf]nL nfu]/ 9Ng'eof] . pxf“;“u} c¿ rf/ hgfsf] klg ToxL 36gf -s}nfnLsf] kmn]lj;f}gL_d} zxfbt x'g k'Uof] . pxf“n] cfºgf] pRr lhDd]jf/LnfO{ k"/f ub}{ af“sL lhDdf af“r]sfx¿nfO{ ;'Dkb} qmflGtsf/Ltfsf] pbfx/0fLo kl/ro lbP/ hfg' eof] .

Oltxf; s;}sf] OR5f / rfxgfdf aGb}g/x]5 . ;dosf] qmddf dflg;sf lqmofsnfk / of]ubfg cfkm}df Oltxf; aGbf] /x]5 . Oltxf;df dfof ef6h:tf x:tLx¿ klg hGdg' eof], hf] ;a}sf] lglDt lzIff aGg'eof] . gk9]sf / uf]7fnfx¿n] /fhgLlt ug'{x'Gg, /fhgLlt k9]n]v]sfn] dfq ug'{ k5{ eGg]x¿sf nflu pxf“ r'gf}tL aGg'eof] . pxf“n] ljrf/ t em'k8Ldf hGdG5 eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft u/fP/ hfg' ePsf] 5, slxNo} glgEg] bLk ag]/ . efjgfsf] kIfb]lv lnP/ cToGt} sl7g df]8x¿df klg gcflQO{sg w}o{tfsf ;fy cufl8 a9\g] pxf“sf] k|]/0ffnfO{ af“r]sfx¿n] l;Sg}k5{ .

æljb]zdf a:g] 5f]/fnfO{ o'4df

kms{g cfx\jfgÆ

? dg' x'dfufO{+

:g]xL 5f]/f cho,

nfn a:tLaf6 /lQmd clejfbg †

s'zn /xL, s'zntfsf] z'e]R5f k|s6 ub{5' . 6f9fsf] e]6 kq g} x'“bf]/x]5, To;}n] kqfrf/ ug{] hdsf]{ ul//lx5' .

5f]/f † d clxn] bzf}+ jif{sf] hgo'4sf] ultdo 5fn;“u} g]kfnsf] ljs6 ufp“a:tLdf ;'Gb/ km"n km'nfpg cfºgf] ana'tf / l;h{gzLntf k|of]u u/L %) jif{ k'Ug nfu] tfklg !^ jif]{ o'jf hf]z lgsfnL zbLof}+b]lv zf]if0f, bdg / pTkL8gdf lklN;Psf, ul/aL / clzIffaf6 kLl8t /xg'k/]sf nfvf}+nfv hgtfsf] aLrdf a;]/ pgLx¿;“u} xf“;f] / cf“;'df ;xsfo{ ul//lx5' . 5f]/f, ltdL ljb]zdf /Dg / hDg nfu]sf] b]Vbf lrGtf nfUb5 . cfh xhf/f}+ ltdLh:tf g]kfnL cfdfsf axfb'/ 5f]/fx¿n] b]z / hgtfnfO{ :jtGq ?kn] cufl8 a9\g / :jfledfgL g]kfnL e} af“Rg oxf“sf zf;sx¿sf] v'gL k~hfaf6 d'Qm eO{ :jtGqtfsf] Zjf; km]g{ ljZjsf ;j{xf/fju{nfO{ d'Qm ug{ g]kfnL e"lddf hgo'4;“u} hlGdPsf] hgd'lQm ;]gfdf etL{ eO{ nfna:tLdf 3'Db} a[4 a'af–cfdfnfO{ kx/f lb+b} k'/fgf] ;Qfsf HofgL b':dgx¿;“u kf}+7]hf]/L v]Nb} / ljho xfl;n ub}{ zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] l:yltnfO{ tf]8\b} /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf k|j]z u/L b':dgnfO{ xfon–sfon agfO/x]sf 5g\ . ltdL ljb]zdf a;]/ >d a]r]/ of]Uotf–Ifdtf To;}df nufP/ c¿sf] rfs8L–;]jf u/]/ s]xL ?k}of“ sdfP/ P]zcf/fdsf] lhGbuL t ljtfpnf, t/ Tolt dfq t xfd|f] hLjg xf]Og lg . dft[e"lddf cfh]{sf] of]Uotf, bIftfåf/f ljb]zL k'“hLkltx¿nfO{ cem} zf]ifs / ;fdGtL aGg ;3fO/x]sf 5f}+ . pgLx¿n] ltdLh:tf u/La hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿sf] kl;gf / /utsf] zf]if0f u/L h'sfn] v'g r';]h:t} r'l;/x]sf 5g\ . of] s'/f d}n] eGg'eGbf klg ltdL k9]n]v]sf] dfG5]n] ljleGg 7fp“x¿af6 lg:sg] k]k/x¿n] 5fk]sf] vj/af6 g} yfxf kfO/fv]sf xf}nf . ljb]zdf a;L slt ckfË ePsf 5g\, sltsf] nf; j]kQf eO/x]sf] 5, /f]uljdf/n] u|:t kbf{ cf}ifwLpkrf/ ug{ gkfO{ csfndf g} d[To' eO/x]sf] 5 . o;/L pgLx¿n] grfx]/ klg 3/–38]/L ;Dk"0f{ ;fx'sf]df aGwsL /fv]/ a[4 cfdf–a'afnfO{ hLjge/ cf“;'df 8'Ag ljjz kfl//x]5g\ . ljb]z hf“bf cfºgf] 3/38]/L ;fx'sf]df aGwsL /fvL ljb]z uof}, Toxf“ a;]/ sdfPsf] wgn] ;fx"sf] ;fjf“ / Aofh a'emfpg klg k'Ub}g . ;dodf ;fjf“–Aofh glb+bf k};feGbf w]/} :jfledfgdf rf]6 k'Ug] u/L ;fx"sf] d'vaf6 lg:sg] tLvf jf0fh:tf zAbn] z/L/ g} emGemgfpg] x'G5 . bnfnx¿sf] rfs8L, rfKn';L, pgLx¿n] ug]{ l9nf;':tL, aGwsL /fvL sfl9Psf] C0fdf pgLx¿sf] df]hd:tL, sdfpg] ;do;Dd ToxL+ /lNnO/xg' kg]{ jfWotf . clg s;/L ;S5f}+, ;fx"sf] ;fjf“ Aofh ltg{ / a'afnfO{ ef]6f], cfdfnfO{ rf]nf], 5f]/f5f]/L / hxfgnfO{ gfgf–rfrf km]g{ . oxL t 5 la8Dagf † cem ;'Gb}5' ljb]zL s]6L;“u ljjfx ug]{ /], s]