hgljb|f]x ;fKtflxs
jif{ ! c+s @@ @)^! sflt{s @@ ut] cfOtjf/
d'Vo ;dfrf/
b]zJoflk ;'?ª o'4sf] 3f]if0ff
7fp“–7fp“df a+s/ tyf ;'?ª lgdf{0fdf tLj|tf
O6x/L÷‘k|Tofqmd0fsf]
klxnf] of]hgf ;kmn kf/f}+, j}b]lzs x:tIf]ksf lj?4 Jofks tof/L u/f}+’ eGg]
gf/fsf ;fy o'4 3lge"t kfg]{ dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] lg0f{o
d'n'ssf nflu Pp6f o'ufGtsf/L tyf P]ltxfl;s x'g] s'/f clxn] b]ze/L cfPsf] gofF
of]hgfn] k'li6 ub{5 . o;nfO{ 3lge"t agfpg b]zJoflk ?kdf dfcf]jfbLn] cfÇgf
;a} hj;, df]rf{, ;]gf, kf6L{ k|ultzLn a'l4hLjL, b]zeQm ;a}df cfx\jfg ;d]t
u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnL
hgo'4nfO{ ;kmn agfpg /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0f
sf];]9'·f ;fljt x'g]5 . k'/fgf] lrGtg, k'/fgf] ljrf/af6 d'Qm x'“b} gofF
hgjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ / cfd"n kl/jt{g u/L gofF /fHo Joj:yf sfod ug]{,
;fdGtjfbaf6 k"“hLjfbLdf km8\sf] dfg]{ s'/f cfd g]kfnLsf nflu uf}/jsf]
ljifo aGg ;S5 . cfd g]kfnLn] clxn]sf] jt{dfg kl/j]znfO{ jf:tljs cy{df
a'lem;s]sf 5g\ . lg/+s'z /fhtGq / hgjfbL ;Qfsf aLrdf leGgtf ;a}sf ;fd"
5n{· 5 . @!cf}+ ztfAbLdf w]/} d'n'sdf k"“hLjfbL qmflGt x'g' / g]kfndf dfq
k"“hLjfb gcfpg'n] klg oxfF PstGqLo lg/+s'z zf;g cyjf ;fdGtjfb l6ls/fv]sf]
k'li6 x'G5 . t/ g]kfnL hgo'4n] clxn] of] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] lvnfkmdf d[To' jf
d'lQmsf] ;kmt vfP/ lg/+s'z /fhtGq x6fpg nflu k/]sf] s'/f ;j{ljlbt} 5 .
dfcf]jfbLn] jt{dfg o'4nfO{ ljs]lGb|t / s]lGb|t cfqmd0f ;“u} n}hfg] / ef/tLo
lj:tf/jfb / cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] rnfPsf] cft+snfO{ b]zLo cfTd;dk{0fjfbsf lgldQ
klg of] /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgf ;kmn kfg]{ s'/f hgfPsf 5g\ . xfn;fn}
dfcf]jfbLn] ;'?· o'4sf af/]df o'4 gLlt cl3 ;f/] nut} o'4 ljZn]ifs / a'h'{jf
ju{sf a'l4hLjLn] ;d]t s]xL b"/ufdL eGb} efif0f 7f]Sg yfn]sf 5g\ .
dfcf]jfbLn] eg] cfÇgf] nIonfO{ uGtJo;Dd k'¥ofpg ;a}df ;xof]usf] e"ldsf
v]Ng cfx\jfg ;d]t ul/;s]sf]
5 . /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbLnfO{ /fhg}lts ?kn] lgoGq0f ug]{ / ?kfGt/0fsf] lbzfdf
cu|;/ agfpg], >dhLjL hgtfsf] kIfdf lg/Gt/
qmflGtlt/ pGd'v u/fpg] ;j{xf/fs[t
ub}{ lj:tf/jfbL o'4df ;fd]n u/fpg] zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfnfO{ Psh'6 eO{ g]kfnL
hgtfsf] kIfdf / hgjfbL qmflGtdf ;xof]u ug{ ‘1fg]–kf/;’ d08nL b]pjf s7k'tnL
;/sf/nfO{ ;dfKt ug{ OdfGbf/ eO hgd'lQm ;]gf ;“u ldn]dtf] u/L ef/tLo bnfnsf]
r'Tyf] gf]s/ x'gaf6 cnu /fVg lxDdt ug{ ;d]t cfx\jfg ul/;s]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLn]
b]zLo ;fdGtsf s]xL kmf}hL ;+/rgfnfO{ of] klxnf] of]hgfdf lgoGq0f hdfpg] / cfd
g]kfnL ;j{xf/f d'lQmsfdL hgtfnfO{ xltof/n] ;';lHht agfpg], lj:tf/jfbL
x:tI]fknfO{ 86]/ n8\g ;d]t cfx\jfg u/]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 . cfÇgf] ;+/rgfnfO{ ;'b[9
/ dhj't agfpg b]zeQm zlQmnfO{ uf]njGb ub}{ n}hfg] / ;a} g]kfnLnfO{
dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;d]t ;a}df cg'/f]w ul/Psf] 5 . hgd'lQm
;]gfdf ;+VofTds ?kn] a9fO yk Ps l8lehg agfpg] / To;nfO{ /fhg}lts–j}rfl/s ?kn]
u'0fdf kl/0ft ug]{ s'/f klg hgfOPsf] 5 . To:t} cfd hgtfdf hf“bf ;zQm ;+u7gåf/f
hgjfbL lqmofzLntfnfO{ klg ge'Ng] s'/f hgfOPsf] 5 . k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] if8oGq,
r'gfjnfO{ rsgfr'/ kfb}{ ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb / ;}lgs x:tIf]knfO{ k|lt/f]w ug]{ /
cGt/f{li6«o ;+rf/, k|rf/k|lt ljz]if Wofg lbg] s'/f klg k|fKt ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf]
5 . h;sf nflu cf–cfÇgf] ;fk]Iftfdf ufpF ufp“df k|lt/f]wfTds sfd ug]{, ;a}
/fhgLlts, ;f+u7flgs, kmf}hL s'/fdf tof/L ug]{ af/] ljleGg 7fp“df dfcf]jfbL
hge]nf, cfd;ef, sf]7];ef, lk+9L;ef ul/Psf] ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 eg] hj; /
df]rf{af6 kf6L{sf] d"n p2]ZonfO{ ;xof]u ug{ / e/k'/ dfqfdf
k|ltlqmofjfbLnfO{ k|lt/f]w ug{ cfx\jfg ul/Psf] 5 . ljBfyL{n] z}lIfs, df]rf{n]
:jfoQ ;/sf/ cflb ;a}n] lj:tf/jfbL x:tIf]knfO{ /fhg}lts / kmf}hL b'j} tl/sfn]
n8\gsf] lgldQ cfwf/ If]qleqsf Onfsfdf a+s/, 6g]n, kf]i6 cflb lgdf{0f u/L efjL
lj:tf/jfbL xdnfnfO{ k|lt/f]w ug]{ k|ljlw Ifdtfdf ljsf; ug]{ hfgsf/L ;d]t k|fKt ePsf] 5 . Psflt/ ;}Go k|ljlwsf]
ljsf;;“u} zfxL ;]gfsf] Jof/]s lgoGq0f ug]{, gLlt ;d]t cl3 ;fl/Psf] 5 eg]
csf{lt/ ;'?· o'4sf] ljsf;nfO{ jf:tljs ;'?· o'4 Jojxf/df s] xf] eGg] s'/f ;a}n]
hfGg' cfjZos 5 . k|d'vtM ef/tLo kmf}h h;/L g]kfnleq k:g] of]hgf agfO/fv]sf] 5,
To;sf] ;zQm k|lt/f]w u/L k|Tofqmd0fsf] klxnf] of]hgf ;kmn x'G5 eGg] dfq xf]Og,
j}rfl/s / kmf}hL b'j} 9+un] k/f:t ug{ ;s]df dfq cfd g]kfnL hgtfn] rfx]sf]
bL3{sfnLg hgo'4 / cfd ljb|f]xn] cu|tf xfl;n ug]{ b]lvG5 . clxn] rrf{sf] ljifo
alg/x]sf] ;'?· o'4 jf:tjdf hgjfbL qmflGt ug{ / ;Rrf qmflGtsf/L of]4f k}bf ug]{
j}rfl/s pQ/flwsf/L hGdfpg ;Sg] s'/f ;d]t ;|f]tn] lbPsf] 5 . k'/fgf] /fHo;Qf
Psflt/ jftf{sf] s'/f ug]{ / leq eLif0f o'4sf] tof/L ul//x]sf] a]nf o'4 ug]{
ljb|f]xLn] ;'?· o'4 dfq xf]Og cem o'4 k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ug{ klg h?/L 5 .
ljs]lGb|t, s]lGb|t / pT;u{, ;a} o'4sf r/0f dWo] ;a} r/0f k|efjsf/L /
3lge"t kfg{ dfcf]jfbL qmflGtsf/Lx? ;lqmo b]lvG5g\ .
dfcf]jfbLn]
lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ o; of]hgfsf k|d'v nIox? dWo] hg;Dks{, ;+rf/, kmf}hL,
;f+u7flgs clxn]sf] dxTjsf] ljifo alg/x]sf] / o;nfO{ b[9tfsf ;fy cfwf/ If]q
nufot cGo ljb|f]xL Onfsfdf nfu" ug{ h?/L eO;s]sf] s'/f k|fKt ;dfrf/df
hgfOPsf] 5 .
;dfrf/x?
wgs'6fdf gfsfjGbL hgtfsf] ;dy{g
wg's'6f÷g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ wgs'6f lhNnf ;]qm]6/L ;'o{n] sflt{s @)
ut] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L wgs'6f l:yt ^ g+=a'wjf/]df / ;b/d'sfd If]qdf cfkm"nfO{
cfjZos kg]{ b}lgs pkef]usf ;fdfg afx]s vfBfGg, nQfsk8f, :6]zg/L h:tf ;fdfu|Lx?
cfoft lgof{t gug{ clglZrt sfd;Ddsf lglDt jQmJo hf/L ug'{ ePsf] 5 . ;fj{hflgs
;"rgf lzif{s lbOPsf] k~rfotsfnLg l5Gtfª xTofsf08nfO{ ;d]t hf]8\b} To;kl5
slyt j]; SofDksf ?kdf cjl:yt / aflxgLsf ?kdf /x]sf] zfxL hNnfbx?sf] j];
SofDkx?nfO{ nlIft u/L gfsfjGbL ul/Psf] 5 . ;"rgfsf] j]jf:tf ug]{ hf] sf]xL
sfjf{xLsf] eflubf/ aGg] r]tfjgL ;lxt k|sflzt ul/Psf] lj1lKtsf] k"0f{ kf7
o; k|sf/ 5 . æg]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ wgs'6f lhNnf ;+u7g ;ldltleq kg]{ l5Gtfªdf
@)#^ ;fndf !% hgfsf] lgd{d / kf;ljs oftgf ;lxtsf] ;fd"lxs xTofsf08sf]
z[+vnfj4 cfqmd0f, HofbtL / g[z+; bdg / w/ks8 lbgk|lt lbg a9fpg] s'sd{ ul//x]sf]
zfxL ef/tLo ;]gfsf] hTyfsf] xfn;Dd lhNnfsf ljleGg 7fp“ lhNnfsf !# hgf sfo{stf{
/ $ hgf lgbf]{if ;j{;fwf/0f hgtsf] xTof ug'{sf ;fy} kf“ry/, Onfd, df]/ª ;d]tsf
7fp“x?df HofbtL dRrfO{ hgtfnfO{ ql;t kfg]{, s}of}+nfO{ lu/Çtf/ u/L a]kQf
kfg]{, ;}of}+ lgbf]{if r]nLnfO{ anfTsf/ ug]{ b'isfo{df ;+nUg slyt ^ g+=
a'wjf/]sf] zfxL ef/tLo ;]gfsf] s'Voft /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbL hTyf lj?4 ahf/
cf;kf;sf If]qsf hg;d'bfo, Jofkf/L, pBf]uklt, a'l4hLjL, lzIfs, ljBfyL{ ju{x?n]
clglZrt sfnsf] nflu c;xof]u ug{ cfkm"n] b}lgs pkef]u afx]s vfBfGg,
nQfsk8f, :6]gzg/L ;fdu|L clglZrt sfn;Dd ^g+= a'waf/] cfoft gug{sf] nflu cfd hg;d'bfodf Jofkf/L ju{df
;d]t cg'/f]w ul/G5 .
cGTodf cfTd;dk{0fjfbL u2f/ ;fdGtL ;Qf zfxL ef/tLo ;]gfnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{, ;"rgf lbg], vfBfGg df;' nufotsf t/sf/L k'¥ofO lbg] a]r lavg ug]{ u/]sf] / o; ;"rgfnfO{ j]jf:tf u/L c6]/ u/]sf] ;d]t kfOPdf kf6L{ hgd'lQm ;]gf, hg;d'bfo hg;Qfn] ;d]t s8f / lgd{d sfjf{xLsf] sbd rfNg] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fp“b5f}+ .Æ
lhNnf–lhNnfdf cleofg k|f/De
w/fg÷d]rL–sf]zL hg;}Go k|lt/f]w cleofg cGtu{t g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf]
kl5Nnf] s]Gb|Lo a}7saf6 kfl/t tof/ ePsf k|lt/f]wfTds cleofg d]rL–sf]zLsf lhNnf
lhNnfdf pT;fxk"0f{ 9+un] z'? ePsf 5g\ . cleofgsf] cjlw tLg dlxgf ePsf]
a'lemPsf] 5 .
;+v'jf;efaf6
k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ sflt{s !% ut] cfOtjf/ ;f] cleofgsf] ;+v'jf;ef, dflb
d"nvs{df !%)) hg;d'bfosf] pkl:yltdf cleofgsf] pb\3f6g ub}{ sfo{qmdsf k|d'v
cltly g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=k|j]zn] of] cleofgn] b'ZdgnfO{
@!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] hgo'4 / /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] ;xL
kl/ro lbb}+ ;+v'jf;efsf g]tf sfo{stf{ dfq xf]Og cfd hgtfnfO{ g} kmf}hLs[t ug]{
s'/f atfpg' eof] .
cleofgn]
lnPsf ljleGg nIox? dWo] k|rf/–k|;f/ tkm{ rf/xhf/ gf/fx? jfnk]lG6· ug]{, kf“r ;o
xft] kf]i6/x? 6f:g] / Ps ;o krf; j6f hg;efx? ;+rfng ug]{ yfxf x'g cfPsf] 5 .
h;n] cfd hg;d'bfodf dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] dfu{ lgb]{zgdf kmf}hLs[t aGg cfd hg;d'bfonfO{ k|]l/t ug]{ b]lvG5 .
b'Zdgsf ;}Go cv8fx? eTsfp“b} hgtfsf >f]t / ;fwgx?sf]
;+/If0f / ljsf; ub}{ cl3 a9\g yk Ps ;o krf; k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{ pTkfbg
ug]{ / ;f] cjlwleq lhNnfsf %) xhf/ eGbf a9L hgtf;“u ;Dks{df k'lu ;DjGwsf] ljsf;
ug]{ nIo lnPsf] a'lemPsf] 5 . cleofg cjlwd} zxLb kl/jf/x?;“u e]63f6 ub}{ Ps
xhf/sf] ;+Vofdf hg;+u7gx? tof/ ug]{ sfo{ ;d]t z'? eO;s]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 .
cleofgsf] ljljw kmf}hL ultljlw klg ;+rfng ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] s'/f klg yfxf x'g
cfPsf] 5 . pb\3f6g sfo{qmdnfO{ !*cf}+ a6flnog aL sDkgL sld;f/ s=z'qm, sdf08/
s=k|Voft nufotsf jQmx?n] ;d]t ;Daf]wg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
ptf df]/ªaf6 k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ ;f]xL
lbg ;f]xL cleofg cGtu{t g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ df]/ª–;'g;/Ln] dw];L d'lQm df]rf{sf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lzjs'df/ d08nsf] k|d'v cfltYodf 8f“uLxf6 uf=h=;=sf] 8f“uLxf6
ahf/df Ps ljzfn hg;ef ;DkGg u/]sf] s'/f yfxf ePsf] 5 . ;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{
k|d'v cltly d08nn] dw]zL hg;d'bfo dfq x}g cfd zf]lift kLl8t >dhLjL
hg;d'bfon] d'lQmsf] lglDt g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] NofPsf] hg;}Go k|lt/f]w
cleofgnfO{ ;xof]u u/L zL3| d'lQmsf] af6f] agfpg' kg]{ s'/f pNn]v ug{' ePsf]
lyof] . sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ kf6L{ k|ltlglw s=b[li6n] of] $ dlxg] cleofgdf
k|rf/–k|;f/sf sfo{nfO{ tLj|tf lbg @ nfv krf{ ljt/0f, #)) sf]0f;ef / #))) lk+9L
;ef u/L df]/ª–;'g;/Lsf hgtfnfO{ /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] nflu tof/Ldf k'¥ofpg]
nIo kf6L{sf] /x]sf] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . ;+u7g tkm{ hgjuL{o ;+u7g / df]rf{sf
u/L ! nfv ;b:otf ljt/0f ug]{ / To;sf] Ps tLxfO{nfO{ ;+ul7t ug]{ tyf kf6L{sf]
&)) yk ;+u7gx? lgdf{0f u/L yk $)) k"0f{sfnLg kf6L{ sfo{stf{ pTkfbg
ug]{ nIf /x]sf] s'/f klg yfxf x'g cfPsf] 5 . b'ZdgnfO{ x}/fg / k/];fg kfb}{
k|Tofqmd0fnfO{ ;kmn kfg]{ k|s[ltsf kmf}hL lqmofsnfkx? klg cleofg cGtu{t g} rNg]
s'/f yfxf x'g cfPsf] 5 .
yf?jfg d'lQm
df]rf{, df]/ª–;'g;/L ;+of]hs /fds'df/L rf}w/Lsf] ;efklQTjdf ;DkGg Pj+ c=g]=d=;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_
df]/·–;'g;/L ;+of]hs uLtf ltlD;gfsf] ;+rfngdf ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf ls;fg
k|ltlglw nIdL km'“ofnn] :jfut dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf cGo jQmfx?df
df]/ª–;'g;/L dhb"/ ;+of]hs efg' d}gfnL Pj+ blnt /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{,
df]/ª–
;'g;/L ;+of]hs
pldtf lj=s=/xg' ePsf] lyof] .
nf} k9f}+ hgjfbL lzIff
O6x/L÷hgo'4df xf]ldPsf] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{n] cfÇgf] cfwf/ If]qx?df
kf6L{sf] :s"n ljefun] tof/ kf/]sf] kf7\oqmd cg';f/ hg;Qfn] vf]n]sf
ljBfnox?df k9fO ;d]t ug{ yfn]sf]
5 . hg;Qf ;+rfng ePsf cfwf/ If]qx?df lghL tyf Jofkf/L lzIff
a]lr/x]sf lzIff k;nx? aGb u/fO{ ltgnfO{ ;fd"lxsLs/0f u/L hgjfbL kf7\oqmd
cg';f/ k9fO ;+rfng ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . ;bLof}+b]lv >dhLjL hgtfdfly nlbPsf]
cGofok"0f{ o'4sf] abnfdf Gofok"0f{ o'4, a'h'{jf ;+:s[ltsf] abnfdf
hgjfbL ;+:s[lt, cJojxfl/s a'h'{jf lzIffsf] abnfdf hgjfbL lzIff dfq x}g l;+u}
k|ltlqmofjfbL ;fdGtL pTkL8gsf/L /fHo;Qfsf] abnfdf hglxtsf/L hgjfbL /fHo;Qf
hgtfsf] agfpg] hf]z, hf“u/, cf“6, lxDdt, w}o{, ;fx;, ;f}o{ Pj+ alnbfgL efjsf
;fy hgo'4 xf“ls/x]sf] kf6L{n] xfn d'n'ssf] kl/j]z cg';f/ ljBfyL{x?nfO{ hgjfbL
Jojxfl/s lzIff k|bfg ug{sf] nflu
cy{zf:q, bz{g, j}1flgs ;dfhjfb d"n ljifo;“u ;DjlGwt kf7\oqmd tof/
u/L ;DjlGwt ;a}sf] hfgsf/Lsf] lglDt k|sfzdf NofOPsf] 5 h;df bz{g, /fhgLlt,
Oltxf;, cy{zf:q, ;+:s[lt / ;}Go lj1fg /x]sf]
5 . sIff $ / % sf] lglDt tof/ ul/Psf] of] kf7\oqmdn] ljBfyL{x?nfO{
bz{gsf] If]qdf bz{gsf] kl/ro, ju{sf] klxrfg, kbfy{ / r]tgfsf] 1fg, cflb u/fp“5
eg] /fhgLltsf] If]qdf /fhg}lts g]t[Tjx?sf] hLjgL lhNnf hg;ef ;Ddsf] u7g, ljlw,
sfd st{Jo / clwsf/, Oltxf;sf] If]qdf klg sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] Pj+ hgo'4sf]
Oltxf;, hgo'4sf zxLb, of]4fx?sf] hLjgL h:tf s'/fx? ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . To;} u/L
;+:s[ltsf] ;Gbe{df a'h'{jf ;+:s[lt / hgjfbL ;+:s[ltsf] km/s, hgjfbL syf, sljtf,
uLt cflb / ;}Go lj1fgsf] If]qdf o'4 k|s[ofdf ckgfpg'kg]{ k|f/lDes s'/fx?sf] 1fg
xfl;n u/fO{ nfu" u/fpg] p2]Zon] tof/ kfl/Psf] sIff $ / % sf] k"0f{
kf7\oqmdsf] ljj/0f o; k|sf/ 5 M—
kf7\oqmdM
sIff–$
ljifo / kf7\oef/sf] ljj/0f
qm=;+=ljifo If]q lkl/o8 ;+Vof -jif{df_
-!_bz{g ^) -@_/fhgLlt $) -#_Oltxf; #) -$_cy{zf:q #)
-%_;+:s[lt @) -^_;}Go lj1fg @)
!=bz{g
-s_ bz{gsf] kl/ro -v_b'O{ ju{ c_zf]lift cf_zf]ifs ju{
-u_b'O{ju{sf] b[li6sf]0fsf] klxrfg -c_r]tgf / kbfy{-cf_zf/Ll/s >d / dfgl;s
>d -O_1]o / c1]o
@=/fhgLlt -s_s=k|r08sf] hLjgL
-v_hgo'4sf] yfngL -u_dfgj ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] ;fdfGo kl/ro cflbd, bf;, ;fdGt,
k"“hLjfbL ;dfh -3_uf=h=;=sf] u7g
ljlw, sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
#=Oltxf;
-s_sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf; -:yfkgf ldlt, ;+:yfksx?sf]
gfd, hgo'4sf] yfngL;Dd_ -v_lbnaxfb'/ /Dt]nsf] hLjgL
-u_bfª sf/jfxL
$=cy{zf:q
-s_>d / Hofnfsf] kl/efiff, kl/ro
-v_;xsf/Lsf] kl/ro, k|sf/ / dxTj
-u_pTkfbg / pkof]u s] xf] < -3_ljlgdo s] xf] <
%=;+:s[lt
-s_uLt–æcf“v}df /fV5' d]/f] b]zÆ uLtsf/, ;+uLtsf/ /
ufos -v_sljtf–lrgf/L
-zxLb ePsf hLjgL_ -u_syf–afnsyf
-3_ ;+:s[lt–;fdfGo kl/ro ærf8kj{ / hgjfbL rf8kj{Æ
^=;}Go lj1fg
-s_Jofofd tyf sjfh -v_/f]nsn
-hfgsf/L l/kf]l/{ª / u0fgf_ -u_;]G6«Lsf] ;fdfGo kl/ro / dxTj -3_xltof/–aGb's
-e?jf_ sf] ljleGg efu ;xltsf] lrq / pkof]lutf -ª_;}Go If]qdf /rgf ;~rf/sf] dxTj
-r_ljikmf]6s kbfy{sf] klxrfg / ;"rgf cfbfg–k|bfg -5_o'4sf] ljsf;
kf7\oqmd
sIff—%
!=bz{g
-s_bz{gsf]
;fdfGo kl/ro -v_b'O{ ju{sf] klxrfg -c_k"“hLklt ju{ / dhb'/ ju{
-cf_;fdGt ju{ / ls;fg -u_b'O{ ju{sf] b[li6sf]0f -c_zf/Ll/s >d / dfgl;s >d
-cf_kbfy{ / r]tgf -O_1]o / c1]o -3_b'O{ bz{gsf] klxrfg -c_ef}ltsjfbL
-cf_cfbz{jfbL -ª_ef}ltsjfbL bz{gsf
k|sf/ kl/ro -c_P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb
-cf_åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb
@=/fhgLlts
-s_dfcf]sf] hLjgL -v_hgo'4sf $ hLjgL
-u_:kf6f{s; ljb|f]x -;fdfGo kl/ro_
-3_lhNnf hg;efsf] klxrfg, agfj6, u7g, ljlw, sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
#=Oltxf;
-s_g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] Oltxf; -Pstf dxflwj];g
dfcf]jfbLsf] lgdf{0f hgo'4sf] yfngL;Dd_ -v_ldqdl0f cfrfo{sf] hLjgL
-u_c5fd sf/jfxL
$=cy{zf:q
-s_d"No, ljt/0f / k"“hLsf] kl/ro
-v_>dsf] ;fwg s] xf] < -3_lghL / ;fdflhs :jfldTj -ª_;xsf/Lsf lsl;d, pTkfbg,
-r_;xsf/Lsf] kl/ro
%=;+:s[lt
-s_uLt–æKof/f] hnhnfÆ -v_sljtf–:yfgLo tyf /fli6«o sljsf]
sljtf / hLjgL
-u_syf–hgjfbL, j}1flgs, afnsyf @ j6f
-3_;+:s[lt–lsl;d -;fdGtjfbL, ;fd|fHojfbL, k"“hLjfbL,
hgjfbL / ;dfhjfbLsf] ;fdfGo kl/ro_
^=;}Go lj1fg
-s_;]G6«L a:bf Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fx?
-v_?6ufO8 ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ s'/fx?
-u_Jofofd / sjfh -3_xltof/–e?jf aGb's, l6=eL= agfj6
efusf] gfd, pkof]lutf_ -ª_ljikmf]6s kbfy{, lu|g]8, a'lj6«ofK;sf] ;fdfGo kl/ro,
;ts{tf ckgfpg' kg]{ s'/fx? -r_;]gf;“usf] ;"rgf ;~rf/df v]Ng' kg]{
e"ldsf -5_?6 ufO8 ug]{ tl/sf -h_/f]nsn -em_o'4sf lsl;d
-Gofok"0f{ / cGofok"0f{_
;]gf / dfcf]jfbLdf km/s
emfkf÷cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb tyf ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbåf/f lgb]{lzt zfxL
kmf;LjfbL ;Qfsf ;}lgs hjfgnfO{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] sAhfkl5 5f]8\5g\ eGbf cgf}7f] nfUg
;S5 . g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ;“u ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf -hf] zfxL kmf;LjfbL ;Qfåf/f
k|tfl8t 5g\_ h]g]ef dxf;GwLnfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] Ps ;}lgs hjfgnfO{
sAhfkl5 5f]l8 lbPsf 5g\ . k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ u'?aS; u'Nd ;+v'jf;efdf sfo{/t
;}lgs hjfg cd/ >]i7nfO{ sflt{s !@ ut] ljlxjf/ emfkfsf] kf“ruf5L l:yt lghsf]
dfdf 3/ hfg] axfgfdf cfO{=Pg=6L= ag]/ 3'ld/x]sf] avt g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
emfkfn] sAhfdf lnPsf] lyof] . sAhfkl5 lgh >]i7nfO{ d'n'ssf] kl/j]z, g]kfnL
hgtfsf] cj:yf, ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb tyf cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] g]kfn / g]kfnL dfq
xf]Og, ljZje/s} pTkLl8t /fi6« hgtfdfly pgLx?n] nfb]sf pTkL8gsf/L cdfgjLo
Jojxf/x? / To;nfO{ ;xof]u ul//x]sf] slyt zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] af/]df ;DemfO
a'emfO
ul/;s]kl5 lghn] cjb]lv d'n's / hgtfsf] lxt lj?4 zfxL kmf;LjfbL ;Qfsf] ef8fsf]
6§' ag]/ hflu/ gvfg] arg a4tf u/]kl5 lghnfO{ sflt{s !^ ut] ;f]djf/
dfgjclwsf/jfbLx?sf] /f]xj/df lghs} bfh' gu]Gb| >]i7nfO{
lhDdf nufPsf 5g\ . d'lQmkl5 >]i7n] cfkm"n] ga'em]/ zfxL ;]gfdf nfu]sf]
t/ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf 5fkfdf/x?n] cf“vf vf]lnlbPsfn] gofF hLjgsf] z'?jft
ePsf] ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf] s'/f g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ emfkfn] hgljb|f]xnfO{ atfof] .
hgcbfntn] km};nf u¥of]
wgs'6f÷wgs'6fsf] 8f“8f ahf/sf wgaxfb'/ du/nfO{ hgd'lQm ;]gf
g]kfnn] sflt{s ! ut] ^ xhf/ ?k}of gub
hl/jfgf u/fO{ % ld6/ /f]8df 9'·f 5fKg nufOPsf] k|fKt ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf] 5 .
;dfrf/ cg';f/ cleo'Qm du/n] hgd'lQm ;]gfåf/f /flvPsf] /f]8 dfOg PS;kf]; Pj+ gi6
ug]{ u/]sf] / b'ZdgnfO{ ;xof]u
u/]sf]n] ;f]xL ck/fwsf] ;hfo :j?k lghnfO{ hglx/f;tdf lnP/ hgcbfntsf] km};nf adf]lhd sfjf{xL ul/Psf] hfgsf/L hgljb|f]xnfO{
k|fKt ePsf] 5 . k|fKt csf]{ ;dfrf/ cg';f/ sflt{s @) ut] z'qmjf/ df}gf a'w's
uf=h=;=wgs'6fsf] :yfgLo hg;Qfn] hg;Qfsf] gLlt cjwf/0ff adf]lhd k|ltlqmofjfbL
;Qfsf] lhNnf jg sfof{no;“u :yfgLo ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x ljR5]b u/fO
:yfgLo ;Qfdf btf{ u/fO{ 8f“8f ahf/ /]~h kf]i6sf sfof{no OGrfh{ rGb|sfGt emfnfO{
;b/d'sfdlt/} k7fO{ :yfgLo hg;Qfsf] jg ;DjGwL cjwf/0ff Pj+ gLlt nfu"
u/fOPsf] 5 .
sflt{s @)
ut] g} d'9]jf; uf=h=;=sf] z'qmjf/] ahf/df 9fO; v]nfpg] ‘ldng’ elg lrlgg] s'?n]
t]g'kf–^, ;f]u'dsf JolQm nufot tLg hgfnfO{ ef6] sfjf{xL u/L hgxL Ps÷Ps ;o k6s
p7a;
u/fO{ vfndf ePsf] ?=@^% gub sAhf u/L ;'w|g] r]tfjgL ;lxt 5f]l8Psf] 5 . To;} u/L
/fhf/fgLsf] ldng rf]sdf 9fO; v]nfpg] ‘hLjgfy’ gfd u/]sf df=lj=lzIfs / pgsf csf{
9fO;–;xsdL{ ofbj ;'j]bLnfO{ klg ljzfn hg;d"xsf] pkl:yltdf lzIfsnfO{ ;o k6s
/ ;'j]bLnfO{ krf; k6s p7a; u/fO vfnsf] ?=#$) gub sAhf u/L ;'w|g] r]tfjgL ;lxt
5f]l8Psf] 5 . ;fd'bflos jgdf hggLlt nfu" u/]sf] / km6fxfnfO{ ;'w|g] df}sf
lbOPsf]df hgsfjf{xLb]lv >dhLjL Gofok|]dL wgs'6]nLx? xif{n] ub\ub\ ePsf 5g\ .
d]h/ l6Nn, b]pjf lhNn
sf7df08f}÷ltxf/sf] a]nf ;a}sf] 3/ b}nf]df b]p;L, e}nf], unfdf dfnf
lz/df 6f]kL, vfgfdf /f]6L / cg]s y/L ;Hhfj6n] ;a} el/k"0f{ /xG5g\ .
efO{alxgL /dfPsf x'G5g\ eg] sf}/j / kf08jsf] kfnfb]lv rn]sf] rng h'jf, kf;f
v]Ng klg Tolts} /dfOnf] x'G5 eGg] ul/G5 . k|fo u/]/ k'?ifx? 6Lsf yfk]kl5 tf;,
h'jf v]Ng] k|rng 5 . t/, x/]s ltxf/df h'jfsf] lgx'“df sxL g sxL em8uf eO/xG5 .
tf;–h'jf v]Ngs} lgldQ ltxf/sf] lgx'F u/]/ ljb]zlt/af6 klg s]lx h'jf8] / t:s/x?
cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . h;df ef/tLo d'n'ssf s]lx h'jf8]x? k5{g . oxL k|;+udf g]kfndf
dGqLb]lv lkog;Dd klg h'jf xfGg vlKk; b]lvg' :jefljs} xf] . slyt rf8 kj{sf]
df}sfdf h'jf v]Ng cfpg] Ps ef/tLo h'jf8]nfO{ h'jfsf] lgx'“df s}of}+ 8n/ t:s/Ldf
;+nUg /xg] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 eg] k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjf / pkk|wfgdGqL
e/tdf]xg clwsf/L t:s/nfO{ 5'6fpgsf] lgldQ 7f8f] cfb]z u5{g . pQm t:s/
sf7df08f}sf] ;f]N6L xf]6naf6 s}of}+ 8n/ s'DNofP/ ef/t hfg nfUbf k|x/Lx?n]
Po/kf]6{df ;dft]sf lyP / lgh t:s/ bLks b]jfgnfO{ hf]ufpgsf] lgldQ k|wfgdGqL,
pkk|wfgdGqL ;+nUg /x]sf] s'/f uf]Ko ;|f]tn] lbPsf] 5 . pQm h'jf8]sf
cg';f/ p;n] dGqLb]lv k|wfgdGqL;Dd e]63f6 ug]{ u/]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 . To:t} csf]{
k|Zgdf cfkm"nfO{ Psdfq akmfbf/ zfxL ef/tLo ;]gf atfpg] 1fg]sf OdfGbf/
gf]s/x? hgo'4sf] k|efj / To;n] kf/]sf] c;/af6 8/ n'sfpg] 7fp“ geP/ /S;Ln] dft]/
8/ 5f]Kg tNnLg b]lvG5g\ . ;dfrf/ cg';f/ >Lhu+ u0f, l;+xb/jf/sf Ps d]h/ /fh]z
yfkf bz}+df /S;Ln] dft]/ n¶ eO{ tNnf] bhf{sf l;kfxLx?dfly b'Jo{xf/ ug]{ u/]sf]
s'/f ;+s6sfndf hf]s/ ePsf lg/Lx k'ln;n] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . pQm d]h/n] k]:tf]n
b]vfp“b} hgtfnfO{ xKsfpg] u/]sf], bdg ug]{ u/]sf]n] k|x/L lx/f;tdf pQm d]h/nfO{
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.
a]kQf / lu/Çtf/
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lu/Çtf/ ug]{, r/d zf/Ll/s–dfgl;s oftgf lbg], a]kQf kfg]{ qmd lbgfg' lbg a9\b}
uO/x]sf] 5 . k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ;'g;/L–df]/· ^ g+= Pl/ofsf
OGrfh{ s=;f}uft÷tf/f
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lj/f6gu/sf] a/uf5Laf6 lu/Çtf/ u/L xfn;Dd a]kQf agfO/x]sf] 5 . Psflt/ dfgjclwsf/
;DjlGw cGt/f{li6«o dxf;GwLdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ csf{lt/
gful/snfO{ lagf k'hL{ u}/sfg'gL tl/sfn] lu/Çtf/
ug]{, ;+w} jftf{sf] /fu cnflk/xg] / lu/Çtf/ ul/Psf gful/sx?nfO{
kl/jf/ tyf dfgjclwsf/jfbLx?;“u e]6ef6 ug{ klg glbg] olt;Dd sL lu/Çtf/} gu/]sf]
elg ;/f;/ em'7 af]Ng];Ddsf] x/st
u/]/ b]pjfsf]
c;Gt'lnt rf/
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ePsf] 5 . df]/ªsf] 6f8L uf=h=;=–! 3/ ePsf uf]kfn cfrfo{sf efO{ nf]sgfy cfrfo{n]
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klg ;'/Iff lgsfon] pxf“nfO{ a]kQf agfO/x]sf] 5 .
sf7df08f}af6
k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_pkTosf ;+of]hs s=k|zfGt -;fw'/fd
b]jsf]6f_nfO{ cfkm}n] x:tfIf/ u/]sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;GwL a8fkqnfO{ wf]tL nufpb}
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hgxTof/f] hTyfn] 3/nfO{ 3]/f xfnL ckx/0fsf] z}nLdf lu/Çtf/ u/L b'O{ lbgkl5
dfgjclwsf/jfbL tyf gful/s ;dfhsf] bjfjkl5 dfq lu/Çtf/ u/]sf] :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 .
b]jsf]6f;“u} cGo b'O{ sfo{stf{ s]zj k|;fb kf}8]n / gj/fh nf]xgL klg lu/Çtf/
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oftgf lbg'sf ;fy} b]jsf]6fn] k|of]u ub}{ u/]sf ljleGg ;fdfgx? ;d]t n'6]sf] 5 .
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lxdfn zdf{, s[i0f s]=;L=/ k"0f{ kf}8]nnfO{ xfn;Dd a]kQf kf/]sf] 5 .
n]vx?
hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn / sfo{ef/
alnbfg!*cf}+ aL=Pg=, ‘;L’
sDkgL
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hgtfsf] cfÇgf] eGg] s]xL x'“b}gÆ clg
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d"n k|j[lt xf] eGg] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] j}rfl/s dfGotfsf]
kyk|bz{gdf ;+;f/sf dhb'/ Ps xf}+Æ sf] pb\3f]ifsf ;fy ;j{xf/f ju{n] cfÇgf
cleef/f k"/f ub}{5g\ . qmflGtsf/L kf6L{sf] lgdf{0f / ljsf; To;sf] dftxtdf
;}Go zlQmsf] lgdf{0f hgtfsf] qmflGtsf/L hgo'4åf/f /fHo;Qfsf] k|flKt ;j{xf/f ju{sf] cfhsf] tfTsflns / klxnf] cleef/f xf] .
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xf] . clg cGttM tL ;a}sf] ljnf]kLs/0f cfÇgf] clGtd /0fg}lts cleef/f xf] .
qmflGtsfnLg sDo'lgi6 kf6L{, p;sf] g]t[Tjsf] ;]gf / ;}Go ;+u7g Pj+ df]rf{, ;+u7gx?nfO{ qmflGtsfnLg kf6L{sf] lg/Gt/
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Joj:yfsf] cefjdf kf6L{ ;}Go r]tgfljxLg aG5 eg] ;]gf /fhg}lts r]tgf /lxt
d'v{x?sf] e2f le8df kl/0ft x'g k'U5 . qmflGtsf/L ljrf/, l;4fGt / gLltsf] ;fydf
;}Go If]qdf jf ;}Go lj1fg ePsf] kf6L{ clg To;sf] g]t[Tjsf] ;}Go /0fsf}znsf]
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qmflGtnfO{ ;kmn agfpg cfÇgf o'lug cleef/fx? s';ntfk"j{s axg ug{ ;dy{ x'G5
. cGoyf hlt;'s} pGgt ljrf/, alnbfgL efjgf / dxfg\ cfsf+Iff eP klg /fhg}lts
r]tgf / ;}Go lj1fgsf] ;d'lrt ;+of]hg ljgf qmflGt ;DkGg x'“b}g eGg] d"n
dd{nfO{ cfTdf;ftLs/0f ub}{ g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns ljlzi6tfdf oxf“sf] xfjfkfgL,
hgfwf/, j:t'ut l:ylt, juL{o cfwf/nfO{ cfjZostf / d"Nof°g u/L s=k|r08sf]
;jf]{Rr sdf08df hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] klg u7g ul/Psf] xf] . hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf eg]sf] g]kfnL ;j{xf/f
hgtfsf qmflGtsf/L nfutsf] ;+s]Gb| xf] . of] ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ;Dd'gt eljiojf]ws
/fhgLlts p2]Zo xfl;n ug{ g]=s=kf=
-dfcf]jfbL_sf] s'zn g]t[Tj Pj+ dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] j}rfl/s k|sfzdf lgld{t
PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] gofF ;}Go ;+u7g
xf] . of] :jo+df ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ljrf/,
/fhgLlts ;fx;, ;f}o{, jL/tf / alnbfgsf] ;d'Rro
Pj+ ;f+u7flgs cleJolQm klg xf] . ;j{xf/f ju{sf] /fhg}lts p2]Zosf] k|flKt
dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] ljrf/sf] j}1flgstf Pj+ cf}lrTosf] k'li6 tyf hgtfsf
;jf]{Qd lxtsf] ;+/If0f ug'{ / cfkm"nfO{ j}1flgs ljrf/df lgi7fjfg, /fhgLlts
r]tgfdf ;fdYo{jfg, o'4 Ifdtfdf bIfjfg / hgtfsf] lxt};L ;]js / Ps Hofgdf :yflkt
ug'{ g} o;sf] cfhsf] P]ltxfl;s cleef/f xf] . cfkm"df k}bf x'g] j}rfl/s
:vngtf, /fhg}lts r]tgfsf] Go"gtf Pj+ hgtf;“usf] k[ystfdf xf]Og, j}rfl/s
lgi7f, /fhg}lts r]tgfsf] ljsf;, hgtf;“usf] ;DjGw, qmflGtk|ltsf] ;dy{gdf g}
o;sf] cfÇgf] cleef/f k"/f ug{ ;fdYo{jfg
aG5 . oBlk hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] cfh;Ddsf] k|ltj4tf, j}rfl/s :ki6tf Pj+ nIok|ltsf]
lgi7f / hgtfk|ltsf] ;dy{g efjsf]
kl/0ffdtM cfÇgf] ;}Go ;+/rgfsf] prfO{df ljsf; tyf g]kfnL hgo'4sf] of] :t/sf]
ljsf;df k'¥ofPsf] 5 . h;/L )%@ ;fndf hgo'4sf] ljlwjt z'?jft eof] To;} lbgb]lv
cf}krfl/s ?kdf hgldlnlzofsf] u7g
u/L /f]Nkfsf] xf]n]/L, ?s'dsf] ?s'dsf]6 / l;Gw'nLsf] l;Gw'nLul9df ;]jf]6]h /
5fkfdf/ o'4 u/L hgo'4sf] z'?jft ul/Psf] xf] . o; kZrft\ ;'/fsL, ;fdGtL, hfnL,
km6fxf, t:s/L, anfTsf/Lx? dfly ef}lts sfjf{xL, ;kmfof ub}{ cfÇgf ;}Go ;+u7gnfO{ ;'b[9Ls/0f
/ lj:tf/ ub}{ cufl8 a9\g] qmddf )%# ;fn h]i7 dlxgfdf Knf6'g kmd]{zgsf] lgdf{0f
eof] . To;} Knf6'g ;+/rgf cGtu{tsf hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf hgof]4f sd/]8x?n] )%#
;fn kf}if !( ut] k"jf{~rnsf]
/fd]5fksf] a]yfg rf}sLdf wfjf af]nL k"j{sf] Oltxf;df gofF cfofd yKg' ePsf]
lyof] / ToxfF tLg hgf dxfg\ jL/ ufyfx?n] Oltxf;sf] kfgfdf slxn] gd]l6g] u/L
ltkmbL 5f8L hfg' ePsf] lyof] . pxf“x?sf] Tof] ;fx;k"0f{ alnbfgLn]
b'Zdgx?k|lt w]/} 7"nf] v}nfa}nf dRrfPsf] lyof] eg] qmflGtsf/L x?leq s]xL
kfpg s]xL u'dfpg' kbf]{ /x]5 eGg] pbfx/0fLo kfq aGg' ePsf] lyof] . / pxf“x?sf]
ToxL au]sf] /utsf] hudf )%% ;fn efb| dlxgfdf P;=6L=Pkm=;}Go
;+/rgfsf] ljsf; eof] . of] P;=6L=Pkm=;}Go km/d]zgdfly a]yfgdf au]sf] /utsf]
abnf lng] lhDdf Psflt/ lyof] eg] csf]{lt/ k"j{sf] qmflGtnfO{ / ;}Go
;+u7gnfO{ dha't agfpg csf]{ lhDdf lyof] . To;}n] klg P;=6L=Pkm=n] k"j{df
Pp6f wSsfsf] dfu cg'?k t]x|y'dsf] kf]Snfjf·sf] rf}sL lagf Iflt cfÇgf] sAhfdf
lng ;kmn eof] . o;/L Pskl5 csf]{ ;kmntf xfl;n ub}{ hgd'lQm ;]gf lg/Gt/ cfÇgf]
tof/Ldf
h'l6/x\of] . sdhf]/L kIfnfO{ kmfNb} / /fd|f] kIfnfO{ c+ufNb} xltof/, k|ljlw,
n8fO“sf] 6\oflS6;df a[l4 ub}{ b'ZdgnfO{ 5Nb} Pskl5 cfqmfds, /Iff x'“b} lg/Gt/
;]gfdf ;'b[9 / lj:tf/ ub}{ /x\of] . To;sf] nuQ} )%% ;fndf If]qLo sDkgLsf]
;+/rgf tof/ eof] . h;/L ;}Go sf/jfxLdf ;kmntf xfl;n x'“b} uP, u'0ffTds ?kdf
;}Go km/d]zgsf] klg j[l4 x'“b} uof] . o;} qmddf sfe]|sf] dR5]df )%^ c;f/ !&
ut] sfjf{xL eof] . To;} u/L )%^ c;f]h ( ut] sfe]|sf] led kf]v/L, )%^ d+l;/ !$
ut] bf]nvfsf] d]n'· rf}sLx? ;kmntfk"j{s sAhf ub}{ ;}Go
;+/rgfsf] tLj| ultdf )%& ;fndf a6flnog 3f]if0ff kZrft\ klg k"j{df
;fgf–7"nf ;]jf]6]h, sdf08f], df]rf{jGbL o'4x? x'“b} uP . To;} qmddf
)%& ebf} l;Gw'nLsf] h/fof]6f/, )%& ;fn r}q !( df bf]nvfsf] d}gf kf]v/L
h:tf rf}sLx?df sfjf{xLsf] l;nl;nf cufl8 a9fp“b} ;}Go ;+u7gnfO{ dha't / lj:tf/
ub}{ ;]gfnfO{ /fhg}lts, j}rfl/s, kmf}hL, ;f+u7flgs kmf}hL snfdf ;Ifd agfp“b}
dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf ;xL ljrf/nfO{ cfTd;ftLs/0f ub}{ n8fO“af6 n8fOF l;Sb}
xf/df lht 7fgL 7"nf–7"nf / ;xfl;nf ju{ b'Zdgk|lt 3[0ff / cfqmf]z
kf]Vb} alnbfgLsf sf]6f r'Stf ub}{ hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] ;jf]{Rr sdf08/ cWoo k|r08n]
eGg' eP h:t} æxfdL xf“:bf xf“:b} /f]Psf 5f}+ / ?“bf ?b} xf;]sf 5f}+Æ eGg]
s'/fnfO{ hLjg Jojxf/df nfu" ub}{ cf“z', /ut / kl;gfsf] lqj]0fLdf
kf}l8/x]sf hgd'lQm ;]gf xf/df slxNo} cflQb}gg\
/ lhtdf slxn] dflQb}gg\ . o'4 df]rf{df n8\bf n8\b} 9n]sf ;xof]4fk|lt efjgfTds
zf]sdf efj ljJxn ag]/ xf]Og, cfj]unfO{ ljj]sn] lgoGq0f ub}{ zf]snfO{ zlQmdf
abNb} ju{ b'Zdgk|lt 3[0ff / cfqmf]z JoQm ub}{ abnf efjsf ;fy 9n]sf ;xof]4fx?n]
la;fpg' ePsf] ljrf/, xltof/ emf]nfnfO{ l6Kb} Tof] cfnf], /ftf] /utnfO{ ;'Sg
glbb} k|ltj4tfsf ;fy km/d]zgdf nfdj4 ePsf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] km/d]zgn] klZrd /
k"j{df Ps} ;fy ljZj sDkfodfg x'g] u/L bfª, :ofªhf, ;f]n' ;b/d'sfd )%* ;fn
d+;L/ * b]lv !) ;Dddf ;fgf 7"nf Ps} ;fysf] cfqmd0faf6 w]/} 7"nf
pknAwL xfl;n ub}{ )%* efb| dlxgfdf la|u]8 ;}Go ;+/rgfsf] ljsf; ub{}{ cfÇgf
rdTsf/L k|bz{g ub}{ cufl8 a9L g} /x\of] . hgd'lQm ;]gfn] Pskl5 csf]{ ;kmntf
xfl;n ub}{ /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o /fhgLltnfO{ pynk'yn agfp“b} ljZj ;fd|fHojfbsf]
xf]; xjf; u'dfpg ;kmn eof] . )^) ;fn h]i7 dlxgfdf k"jL{ / klZrd u/L b'O{
j6f l8lehg cf}krfl/s ?kdf 3f]if0ff ul/of] . ;f]xL ;+r/gfn] xfn cfP/ b'ZdgnfO{
;b/d'sfd s]lGb|t x'g afWo agfPsf] 5 . b'Zdg xfn ;b/d'sfd :j]t Onfsf / /fhwfgLdf
;Dd ;'/lIft g/x]sf] s'/f w/fgaf6 kDk;]6
-af/af]/_ vf]l;g', lj/f6gu/ b'xjLaf6 lbgbxf8} /fOkmn vf]l;g', pnf{jf/L a}+s
sAhf ul/g', O6x/Laf6 gub vf]l;g' clg k"j{sf] ;'/lIft elgg] aflxgLleq lbg
bxf8} k'ln; dfl/g', ;]gf 3fOt] algg' clg sf7df08f}df l8=cfO{=hL=, hg]{n, s0f]{n
dfl/g'n] klg cj zx/df klg b'Zdgx? ;'/lIft 5}gg\ eGg] k'li6 x'“b}g / <
hlt;'s} e|dsf] hfnf] lkmhfP klg dfly 36]sf 36gfn] cj b'Zdg /fi6« 5fl8 efUg'
eGbf ljsNk s] x'g ;S5 / < Tof] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ klg cjut eO;s]sf] 5 sL
of] l:ylt;Dd NofO k'¥ofpg bzf}+ xhf/ ;]gf kf6L{ / df]rf{sf dxfg\ ;xof]4fx?n]
u/]sf] alnbfgL Tofu tk:of / cfd qmflGtsf/L kf6L{df ;dflxt / ;dly{t hgtfsf]
k|ToIf–ck|ToIf ?kdf ;xof]u / ;dy{gn] g} xf] . To;df klg hgd'lQm ;]gfsf]
cg'zf;g, gd|, lzi6, eb| Jojxf/b]lv lnP/ u|fld0f Onfsfdf k|ToIf hgtf;“u} b'Mv–;'v
af“8\b} hgtfsf lgb]{zgdf rNg] hgtfsf lxt cg's"n juL{o gftf uf:b}{ hgtf;“u
g·–df;'sf] ;DjGw 3lgi6 agfp“b} hgtfsf b'Mv;'vdf ;xsfo{ ub{} ;'vdf hg;Qf
;+rfngsf] gLlt sfo{qmd to ub}{ ;Qf ;+rfngsf] cEof;df h'6\b} cufl8 al9/x]sf 5g\
. hgd'lQm ;]gf hgtfsf] k|ToIf b'Mv s] xf] < ;'v s] xf] < yfxf kfp“b}
cxf]/fq sf“wdf /fOkmn, sDd/df ad, lk7\o"df emf]nf af]sL 3fd, kfgL, cl;gf
sfn/fqLnfO{ lrb}{ slxn] kxf8sf dxfef/tdf uf]8fkmf6–;ts{ ub}{ t slxn] t/fO{sf
kmf“6x?df dfr{ kf; ul//x]sf 5g\ . hgd'lQm ;]gf /fhg}lts, j}rfl/s, kmf}hL snfaf6
n}; x'“b} k|ToIf Jojxf/sf] hGd u/fp“b} cufl8 a9\g] ePsf sf/0f ;]gf dWo]sf] pRr
r]tgf af]s]sf] ;]gf ePsf] sf/0f klg k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg] PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf ;]gf
aGg cg'zf;g, w}o{tf, ;+odtf, l;h{gzLntf, ;fx;, ;f}o{, alnbfgL efjsf ;fy lgle{s
/ lg8/ eP/ slxn] ;}n'·Zj/L, slxn] 6\ofDs], slxn] l;lnr'· t slxn] tLgh'/] t
slxn] ldSnfh'·x?df cu|Ld df]rf{df ;xefuL aGg cft'/ x'“b} bfofF kms{ afofF kms{
sf;gsf] kmnf] ub{}{ cufl8 al9/x]sf 5g\ . slxn] hgd'lQm ;]gf hfnkf kf]v/L t
slxn] ;ef kf]v/L, slxn] u'kmf kf]v/L t slxn] dR5] kf]v/Ldf abnfefjsf ;fy abnf
lng cft'/ agL kf}l8/x]sf 5g\ . oL hgd'lQm ;]gf nfn / lgk"0f{ 5g\ . l5kl5k]
kfgLdf dfq xf]Og, tdf]/, c?0f, a?0f, tfdfsf]zL, ef]6]sf]zL, b'wsf]zL x'“b}
dxf;fu/ tg]{ ;fx;sf ;fy kf6L{sf j}1flgs of]hgfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ cft'/ 5g\ .
ljhosf] ;'lglZrttf gx'Gh]n nl8/xg] k|ltj4tf hfx]/ ub}{, k|lts'ntfnfO{
cg's"ntfdf 9fNb}, ju{ ;+3if{nfO{ rdf]Tsif{df k'¥ofpg hgjfbL ;]gfleq hgjfbL
s]Gb|Lotf nfu" ub}{, b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{ rnfp“b} tL lg/Gt/ cufl8 al9/x]sf 5g\
. d[To';“u kf}7]hf]/L v]Nb} b'ZdgnfO{ Pskl5 csf]{ xf/sf ah|d'Ssfsf :jfb
rvfp“b}, ;u/dfyf, dsfn'sf] km]lbdf u¥ofk–u¥ofk dfr{kf; ul//x]sf 5g\ . dfn]dfjfb
/ k|r08kysf] ci6cfnf]sdf ljZj ysf{pg] uh{gsf ;fy qmflGtsf e]ndf 5nfª\ xfGb}
hgd'lQm ;]gf ;j{xf/f ju{sf nfn a:tL hnfP/ v/fgL agfp“bf, ^÷& jif]{
aflnsfb]lv &) jif]{ a'9L cfdf;DdnfO{ zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] lbg bxf8} anfTsf/
u/]sf] kL8f, cfÇgf a'jfcfdf, bfh'efO{, 5f]/f5f]/L u'dfpg' kbf{sf] If0f, lk|o
hLjg ;+lugL u'dfpg' kbf{sf] If0f o:tf sxfnL nfUbf
kl/l:ylt;+u} k|ToIf hLjg Jojxf/df ljj]sn] lgoGq0f ub}{ zf]s / kL8fnfO{
cfj]udf kl/jt{g ub}{ cfj]unfO{ ljj]sn] lgoGq0f ub}{ b'Zdgk|lt tLj| 3[0ff efj
hufp“b} qmlds ?kn] bl/nf kfOnfx? rnfO{ /x]sf 5g\ . hgd'lQm ;]gf efjgfdf gauL
lagf :jfy{ ju{;+3if{sf] e§Ldf vfl/+b} :kft em} s8f / Oltxf; em} s7f]/ / lgd{d
aGb} gofF ;+;f/ lgdf{0fsf] dxfofqfdf ofqf ul//x]sf 5g\ . x'gt e/v/} kmlqmPsf] km'n h:t} nfUg] slnnf
o'jf o'jftLx? nfUg ;S5g\ k|ltlqmofjfbLx?nfO{ t/ oL o'jf o'jtL eg]sf ljZj
;j{xf/f ju{sf] d'lQmsf] nIo /fvL cGt/f{li6«ojfbL ;]gf aGg] k|lqmofdf cfuf]
/flknf e/e/fp“bf Hjfnf agL dfS;{jfbL ljrf/sf wfl/nf j}1flgs c:q af]s]/ 5fltdf
lxDdt, ;fx; / alnbfgsf vfgLx? vGb} /fli6«o /
cGt/f{li6«o b'ZdgnfO{ v'Nnf r'gf}lt lb+b} wtL{ xNng] u/L dxf;fu/df Hjf/ef6f
p7\g] u/L PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] dxfg\ hgo'4 n8\b} /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/Ldf
h'l6/x]sf 5g\ . tL hgd'lQm ;]gf s;}sf] nf]e nfnr, rfs8L, rfKn';L / kf6L{ /
qmflGtlxt ljk/Lt if8oGq / u'6jGbLdf km:g] 5}gg\, cN5L / cx+sf/sf vf8ndf km:g]
5}gg\, n8fOF leq n8fOF n8\g e'Ng] 5}gg\, 5f]6f] l56f] / ;kmn qmflGt ug{ dxfg\
hg;d/sf eLif0f 5fnx?df k"0f{ lxDdtsf ;fy hj;Dd ;u/dfyfsf] 6'Kkfdf ljhosf]
/lQmd em08f kmx/fpg] 5}g tj;Dd cfÇgf] ofqf h:tf] ;'s} s7Lg kl/l:ylt cfP klg
cfÇgf] ofqf hfl/ /flv/xg] 5g\ hgd'lQm ;]gf .
k|r08ky / k|r08kysf cfwf/x?—cgGt
cl3Nnf] c+ssf]
af“sL c+z
dfcf]jfbLsf] s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qf
cfof] eg] ;a} kf6L{x? k|ltjlGwt x'G5g, dfcf]jfbLsf] dfq kf6L{ x'G5, ;]gf x'G5
af]Nof] t Tof] ;]gfn] 808f nufO{ xfN5 . dWodju{ / hflt hghfltx?nfO{ Ps k|sf/sf]
e|d kl//x]sf] 5 . xfdLn] s] eGb5f}+ eg]
cd]l/sfsf] ;dy{g ug]{ kf6L{ vf]Ng kfOb}g, /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] ;dy{g ug]{ kf6L{
vf]Ng kfOb}g, To;nfO{ xfdL :jLsf/ ub}{gf}+ . t/ km]l/ hgtfsf] ;]jf ug]{ ?kdf
dfcf]jfbLn] eGbf b]znfO{ ;d[4 agfpg ;S5f} eg]/ cfpg]x?n] kf6L{ vf]Ng kfpg] 5g .
rl/qnfO{ abn]/ cfpg' k¥of] . xfdL @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf dfcf]jfbLx? xf}+, of]
dfcf]sflng kl/l:ylt xf]Og . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ kf6L{dfq vf]Ng kfpg]
c/], ;xof]usf] s] cy{ /xof] Pp6} kf6L{df a;] eOxfNof] gL . k|lt:kwf{ ug{ kfpg'
k¥of], unt ljrf/sf] e08fkmf]/ ug{ kfpg' k¥of], Tof] eGbf pRr / j}1flgs ljrf/
NofP/ k|ltikwf{ u/L /fHo;Qf k|fKt ug{ klg kfpg' k¥of] . hgtfnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg]
s'/f cfof] . clxn]sf] Joj:yf h:tf] Tof] xf]Og clxn]sf] Joj:yf eGbf w]/} dfly
xf] Tof] . /fHo ;Qf Psflwsf/ x'g gkfcf]; eGgsf lglDt hgtfs} txaf6 hgtfn]
cfnf]rgf ug{ kfpg], unt u/] eg] hgtfn] lkmtf{ af]nfpg kfpg] / sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf
g]tfx? k|ltkIfdf a:g] . dfcf] / n]lggg} /fHo;Qfdf a;]kl5 s;n] lj/f]w ug]{ <
k|r08 g} /fi6«klt ePkl5 s;n] lj/f]w ug]{ . clwsf/ t /xnf t/ s;n] ug]{ . s'g}
d'n'sdf lsg k|ltqmflGt eof] Oltxf;n] s] k'li6 u¥of], cg'ejn] s] k'i6L uof]{ eg]
qmflGtsf] r/0fdf b'Mv si6 ug]{ g]tfx? ha ;Qfdf uO;s]kl5 ef}lts kl/j]z o:tf]
aG5sL ;+zf]wgjfbL aG5, cj;/jfbL aG5 / larng x'G5 . lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf/Ls/0f ug{sf]
nflu lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] cfjZostf x'G5 . To;sf] nflu ljk/tx?n] ;+:yfut ?kn]
k|lt:kwf{ ub}{ h;/L qmflGtsf] a]nf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] cfkm"nfO{
qmflGtsf/Ls/0f u/L /fVg' kb{5 To;/L ;Qfdf /x“bf klg hgtfsf] ljZjf;df hgtfsf]
lgu/fgLdf lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf/Ls/0f u/]/ dfq} hgtfsf] ljZjf; xfl;n ug{ ;S5 / nfvf}+
nfv hgtfnfO{ lg/Gt/ qmflGtdf cufl8 j9fpg ;S5 . lagf k|lt:kwL{ x'g] ljlQs} Toxf“
Pp6f ult dGbtf x'g], cj?4 x'g], ;+zf]wgjfb xfjL x'g], xfdLn] b]Vof}+ . Oltxf;n]
s] b]vfO lbO;s]sf] 5 eg] kf6L{ Tof] 9+un] ;+:yfut ug{' kb{5 eGg] g} xf], Pp6f
dfGotf . bf];|f] dfGotf, kf6L{ ;Qfdf hf“bf g]t[Tj ;Qfdf hfg' x'“b}g Pp6f lglZrt
lx;f ;Qfdf hfg], ;/sf/df hfg], kf6L{ j}rfl/s ;Qfsf] sfddf /xg], nfvf}+ nfv
hgtfnfO{ uf]na4 ul//fVg] / ;Qfdf uPsfx?n] abdf;L u/]kl5 hgtfnfO{ ljb|f]xdf
ptf{gsf] nflu ;+ul7t ul//fVg] sfd ul//fVg' kb{5 . Tof] ljlwaf6 dfq} kf6L{ qmflGtsf/Ls/0f
eO/fVg ;S5, ;QfnfO{ ;+zf]wgjfbdf ktg x''gaf6 arfpg ;S5 . kf6L{ ;DjGwL Pp6f
n]lgg /
/f]hfsf] ljjfb 5 . qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ lgdf{0f ;DjGwL
n]lggn] n]lggjfbL kf6L{sf] cjwf/0ff cufl8 ;fg{' eof], h'hf? k|sf/sf]
;j{xf/f ju{sf] cu|b:tfsf] ?kdf Pp6f j}rfl/s cu|b:tfsf] ?kdf lgdf{0f ug{' kb{5,
n8fs' k|sf/sf] kf6L{ lgdf{0f ug{' kb{5 eGg]
cjwf/0ff cufl8 ;fg{' eof] . pxf“n] s] eGg' eof] eg] hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf]
l;4fGtsf] cjwf/0ff cg'?k s]Gb|Ls[t sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ x'g' kb{5 eGg' eof], Tof] ;xL
lyof] lsg eg] ?;df w]/} ;d"xx? / kf6L{x? lyP . To;nfO{ PsLs[t ug{sf] nflu
s]Gb|Ls/0fsf] cfjZostf lyof], To;n] Tof] wf/0ff cufl8 a9fpg' eof] . /f]hf
nUh]Dau{ hd{g ;dfhjfbL kf6L{sf] ;b:o x'g'x'GYof] . hd{g ;dfhjfbL kf6L{
cGt/f{li6«o ?kn] ;a eGbf 7"nf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ lyof] t/ ;+zf]wgjfbL /
gf]s/zfxL k|j[lt xflj lyof] . To;sf lj?4 /f]hfx?n] ;+3if{ ubf{ hgjfbsf] k|Zg
p7fpg' x'GYof] s]Gb|Lotf xf]Og hgjfbd'vL x'g' kb{5 eGg' x'GYof] . Tof] klg ;xL
lyof] . lsgeg] hd{g ;dfhjfbL kf6L{ gf]s/zfxLs/0f ePsf] lyof] . ljb|f]x ug{sf
nflu Toxf“ hgjfb cfjZos lyof] . n]lggn] ?;L ;Gbe{df p7fpg' ePsf] lyof]
qmflGtsf/L n8fs' kf6L{ s]Gb|Lt kf6L{, ?;L ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] nflu, ?;L ;dfhjfb
lgdf{0fsf] nflu s]Gb|Ls/0f h?/L lyof] . Toxf“ s]Gb|Lotfsf] k|ZgnfO{ cufl8
a9fpg'
eof] . To;nfO{ ljleGg cj;/jfbLx?n] n]lgg / /f]hfnfO{ Ps csf{sf] lj/f]wdf p7fp5g
t/ Pp6} hgjfb / s]Gb|Lotfsf] leGg ;Gbe{df leGg cj:yfdf p7]sf 5nkmn ax; x'g oBlk
/fHo;Qf / ;+u7gfTds l;4fGtsf] ;Gbe{df /f]hfdf cfbz{jfb / :jtM :km't{jfbsf]
yf]/} dfqf kfp“5f}+ . o;nfO{ :kf6f{s; nLu lgdf{0fdf cf“s8f ;Rofpb} nu]sf] kfOG5
. h;sf] pbfx/0f ?;L qmflGt ;f/df hgjfbsf
cfwf/df s]lGb|t kf6L{ g} ;xL xf] . hgjfb eg]sf] :jtGqtf, s]Gb|Lotf
eg]sf] cfjZostf . cfjZostfsf] b'lgofaf6 :jtGqtfsf] b'lgofdf uOG5 :jtGqtfsf]
b'lgofjf6 cfjZostfsf] b'lgofdf xf]Og . hgjfb :jtGqtfsf] b"lgofsf] s'/f
eof], s]Gb|Lotf eg]sf] cfjZostfsf] b'lgof xf] . ;j{xf/f ju{ s]Gb|Lt eP/,
s]Gb|Lt k|lts[ofjfbL ju{nfO{ xdnf u/]g eg] lhTg ;Sb}g . o;sf] åGåfTds Pj+
k"/s ;a} ;+u7gfTds l;4fGt af/] Snf/f h]6lsgsf] egfO{af6 hfgsf/L x'G5 ls
/f]hfn] hLjgsf]
pQ/f{df cfkm"nfO{ ;Rrfpg] qmddf lyP . cfjZostf / :jtGqtfsf] jx; hgjfb /
s]Gb|Lotfsf] j;x leGg cj:yfdf cf–cfÇgf] 7fp“df ;xL lyP . of] xfd|f] kf6L{
lgdf{0f ;DjGwL klg ax; xf] . xfdL cfjZostfsf] b'lgofaf6 :jtGqtfsf] b'lgofdf hfg
rfxG5f}+ . xfdL s]Gb|Lt kf6L{ lgdf{0f ug{ rfxG5f} lsg eg] s]Gb|Lt ?kn] /x]sf]
b'ZdgnfO{ k/fhLt ug{sf] nflu .
;]gf lgdf{0f k|s[of klg o'4sf] ljlzi6 cj:yfdf, s7Lg cj:yfdf
qmflGtsf/L x'g'kb{ 5 . n]lggsf] @ s/f]8 #& nfv /l;og nfn;]gf / hgtfn]
alnbfg u/] bf];|f] ljZj o'4df . o:tf] alnbfg kl5 klg ljho jg]sf] ?;Lnfn ;]gf /
/l;og hgtf ;lhn} k|ltqmflGtsf/L xltof/ aGof] . v'r]{jsf] xftdf hfg] ljlQs}
k|ltqmflGtsf] ;fwg aGof], s;/L aGof] < Oltxf;df of] ;ldIff ug{ h?/L 5 . s=
dfcf]sf] %% nfv Rof·sfO;]ssf] ;]gfnfO{ k/f:t ug{ ;Sg] @@ aif]{ hgo'4 / /fli6«o
d'lQm cfGbf]ng n8\g ;Sg] lrlgof hgd'lQm ;]gf ;lhn} b]·:ofcf]lk·sf] xftdf hfg]
ljlts} k|ltqmflGtsf] ;fwg s;/L aGof] < uDeL/ k|Zg 5 . To;nfO{ xn ub}{ xfd|f]
kf6L{n] s] eGof] eg] ;]gf qmflGtsfndf
qmflGtsf/Ls/0f x'G5 eg] zflGtsfndf klg cyf{t qmflGt ;DkGg eO;s] kl5 klg
qmflGtsf/Ls/0f eO/fVg' kb{5 . j}rfl/s ;]gf, /fhg}lts ;]gf aGg ;Sg' kb{5 . @!
cf}+ ztfAbLdf ;]gf eg]sf] ljrf/n] n}; hgd'lQm ;]gf
xf] . p Pp6f j}rfl/s g]tf x'G5, Pp6f k|rf/stf{ x'G5, pTkfbg stf{ x'G5 /
;+3if{stf{ x'G5 cyf{t lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] ;fwg aGb5 . uP/ Pp6f Jof/]sdf a:g]
xf]Og, ePhlt xltof/ lnP/, k|ljlwlnP/ a:gfn] cfhsf] ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ k/f:t ug{
;lsb}g . kf6L{ leqsf] cyf{t cfGbf]ng leqsf] ;fd|fHojfb cyf{t ;+zf]wgjfbnfO{
k|ltqmflGtnfO{ klg /f]Sg / k/f:t ug{ ;lsb}g, ;]gf lgdf{0f cfjZostfsf] b'lgofsf]
cjw/f0ff cGt/ut 5 . xfdLn] ;]gflgdf{0f /
o'4af6 :jtGqtfsf] b'lgofdf hfg rfxG5f}+ . xfdL s]Gb|Lt ;]gf, dhj't ;]gf,
yfO ;]gf lgdf{0f ug{ rfxG5f}+ . ;w}sf] nflu ;]gf ljnf]k ug{, lj36g ug{ rfxG5f}+
. ;fDojfbdf s'g} klg ;]gf x'“b}g of]
cjwf/0ffsf] cfwf/df
@! cf}+ ztAbLdf ;]gfsf] cjwf/0ff cufl8 a9fPsf 5f}+ . xfdL qmflGt kZrft /
qmflGtsf] ;dodf klg nfvf}+ nfv hgtfnfO{ ;z:q ug]{ cleofg rnfp5f} . hlt ;Sof]
w]/} hgtfnfO{ ;z:q / ;}lgsLs[t ub{5f}+ . lglZrt hgtfsf] xftaf6 cfd hgtfsf]
xftdf xltof/ k'¥ofpg rfxG5f}+ . ;}Go lj1fgnfO{ lglZrt dfG5]sf] xftaf6 cfd
hgtfsf] xftdf k'¥ofpg rfxG5f}+ . dfcf] eGg' x'G5–‘bz{gnfO{ j'l4hLljx?sf]
sf]7faf6 lgsfn]/ ls;fg / dhb'/sf] xftdf
k'¥ofp .’ bz{g lglZrt a'l4hLljn] ukm ug]{, Snf; lng], k|lzIf0f lbg]
ljifo xf]Og . bz{g t cfwf/d"t ?kn] hgtfsf] sfd ug]{ dfu{ lgb]{zgs l;4fGt
xf] / ls;fgn], dhb'/n] a'‰g] 9+un] bz{gnfO{ ;/lns[t ug]{ / bz{gnfO{ hgtfsf]
xftdf k'¥ofpg' kb{5 . 7Ls To;/L g} xltof/ lgZrt dfG5] / ju{sf] :jfy{ k'/f ug]{
dfq xf]Og cfd hgtfsf] xftdf k'¥ofpg' kb{5 . ;}lgs lj1fg lglZrt dfG5]n] hfGg]
ljifo xf]Og, cfd hgtfn] a'‰g] ljifosf] ?kdf abNg' kb{5 . o;n] dfq ef}lts
clwgfosTj hgtfsf] xftdf hfG5 . h;/L kf6L{nfO{ hgtfsf] lg/Gt/ lgu/fgLdf /fv]/
hgtfn] lgoGq0f ub{5 . To;/L g} ;]gfnfO{ klg hgtfn] lgoGq0f ub{5 . ;a}n] xltof/
rnfpg hflg;s]kl5 lglZrt dfG5]x?n] ef}lts clwgfosTj lnG5g eGg] x'“b}g . To;f] eP
xfd|f] lgoldt ;]gf qmflGt kl5 s] aGb 5 t eGbf nfvf}+ hgtfnfO{ ;}gLs[t ug]{
;+u7g aGb5 . lg/Gt/ qmflGt ;~rfng ug]{ k|rf/ stf{ / ;+u7g stf{ aGb5 . Pp6f
pTkfbg stf{sf] ?kdf /xG5 . ;a eGbf dxTjk"0f{ ;}Go sfdsf] ?kdf s] ub{5 eg],
hgldlnl;ofsf sdf08/x?nfO{ k|lzlIft ug]{ ljZj ljBfnosf] ?kdf /xG5 . o;sf] cy{
Jof/]s /xb}g :yfoL ;]gf /xG5 / ;]gf 3/ 3/df Jof/]s ufp“ ufp“df hfG5 . clxn]
eGbf w]/} ;}Go lj1fg / k|ljlw klg ljsf; ub{5f}+ . To;
k|sf/sf] l;kfn' hgtfnfO{ agfp“5f}+ . of] cy{df nfvf}+ nfv hgd'lQm ;]gf,
hgldlnl;of lgdf{0f ug]{, hgldlnl;ofnfO{ k|lzlIft ug]{, ljZj ljBfnosf] ?kdf /xG5
:yfoL ;]gf x'G5 . Pp6f ;fgf] 6's8Lsf] ?kdf :yfoL ;]gf /xG5 h;n] nfvf}+ nfv
ldlnl;ofnfO{ k|lzlIft u/L /fVb5 . cGTodf cfd hgtfnfO{ ;z:q ul/;s] kl5 ;]gfsf]
ljnf]kLs/0f x'G5 :jo+ Ps gful/ssf] ?kdf /xG5 . xfdL ;]gf lgdf{0fdf x/]s gful/s
Tof] b]zsf] a? ;]gf klg xf] . Tof] ?kdf ;a} hgtfnfO{ ;z:q ug{ rfxG5f}+ . ;z:q
hgtfsf] /fHo lgdf{0f k|fylds zt{ xf] .
lglZrt dfG5]sf]
xftdf ;}Go lj1fg / xltof/nfO{ lnP/ cfdhgtfnfO{ ;}Go lj1fg / xltof/ k'¥ofpg
rfxG5f}+ . ef}lts clwgfosTjsf] ;fwgnfO{ cfd hgtfsf] xftdf k'¥ofpg rfxG5f}+ .
hflto cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/, ln·Lo ?kn] ;dfgtf, ;f+:s[lts ?kn] ;fdgtf, If]qLo
?kn] ;dfgtf cyjf ;j{xf/f ju{n] d'lQmsf] cg'e"lt u/]gg\ eg] ;z:q u/]kl5
ljb|f]xsf] ;d:of g} x'“b}g . cnu kf6L{ agfpg kfp5, ljb|f]x ug{ kfp5 . kf6L{ unt
eof] eg], ;]gf unt eof] eg] s;}n] cGofo dx;'; ub{5 eg] ljb|f]xnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{
clwsf/nfO{ Uof/]G6L u/]sf 5f}+ . ;]gf ljb|f]xsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ;Ifd hgtf
lgdf{0fsf] Pp6f cfwf/ xf] . j}rfl/s ?kn] kf6L{ ?kn] vf]Ng kfpg], k|lt:kwf{ ug{
kfpg] t/ ;]gf agfpg gkfpg] eGg] lalQs} Tof] clwsf/ s'l07t x'g], ef]ln Pp6f
:jfoQ If]qn] cGofo dx;'; ug]{ ljlQs} ljb|f]x ug{ vf]Hof] eg] ;]gf t s]Gb|Lo
/fHo;Qf;“u x'G5 s;/L ljb|f]x ug{ ;S5 < xltof/ s]Gb|Lo ;Qf;“u ePkl5 bdg ub{5,
x/]s hgtf;“u xltof/ eOs]kl5 tkfO{ ls/ftdf cfpg';\ @) nfv hgtf 5 eg] @) nfv ;]gf
/ @) nfv xltof/ x'G5 . s]Gb|Lo ;Qfaf6 pTkLl8t dx;'; ub{5 eg] ljb|f]x ub{5 .
ls/ft If]qdf g} s'g} ls/ft g]tfn] pTkL8g u¥of], gf]s/zfxLs/0f u¥of] /
;+zf]wgjfbL eof] eg] ljb|f]x ul/lbG5 .
t/fO{ jf s'g} If]qdf, s]Gb|Lo ;QfnfO{ g} klg xfdLn] lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf/Ls/0f
ul//fVg' kb{5, ;Qf Psbd} dhj't x'g' kb{5 . ;j{xf/fju{sf] g]t[Tjdf hgjfbL
clwgfosTj nfu' ug{sf] nflu b'Zdg ju{nfO{, k/flht ju{nfO{ bjfpgsf] nflu ;Qf
rflxG5 ;Qf eg]sf] cfÇgf] lj/f]wL ju{nfO{ bjfpg] cf}hf/ xf] . hgtfsf] nflu
hgjfbL clwsf/nfO{ ;'/lIft ug]{ ;+oGq xf] ;Qf . o;f] ubf{ of] Psbd s]Gb|Lt klg
x'G5, dhj't klg x'G5 t/ of] ljnf]k x'g cyft{ Wj+z x'g' klg tof/ x'g' kb{5 . ;Qf
lgdf{0fsf] cfjZostf b'Zdg ju{nfO{ ;+:yfut ?kdf k/f:t ug{ Tof] dfly clwgfosTj
nfu" ug{, p;nfO{ abNgsf] nflu ;Qfsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . xfdL ;Qf lsg ljnf]k
ug{ rfxG5f} eGg] ;Qf ljxLg ;fDojfb;Dd k'Ug / :jtGqtfsf] b'lgofdf k'Ug rfxG5f}+
. ;Qf lgdf{0f ub{5f}+ cfjZostfnfO{ k"/f ug{sf] nflu, cfjZostfsf] ;Qf
k|of]u ub}{ :jtGqtfsf] b'lgofdf cyf{t :jtGqtfsf] ;Qfdf k'Ug rfxG5f}+ . o;/L
;Qfsf] k|Zgdf klg xfd|f] j}1flgs dfGotf of] g} xf] . oxL ;Qfsf] k|Zgdf xfdL s]
ug{ rfxG5f} eg] kf6L{sf] cGt/;+3if{df
;Qfsf] an k|of]u ug{ kfOb}g . ;a} g]t[Tjsf sd/]8x? ;Qfdf ghfg] / ;Qfdf
ljleGg hgju{sf kf6L{x?n] k|lt:kwf{ ug{ kfpg] ;Qf ;w} sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf]
/lx/fVg' kb{5 eGg] jfWotf 5}g . olb hgtfsf] nflu ;xL sfd ub}{g eg] ;QfRo"t
klg x'G5 . k'gM k|lt:kwf{ u/]/ hgtfsf] dg lht]/ cfpg] vfnsf] x'g' k5{ . o;/L
xfdL @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf gof“ ;Qf lgdf{0f ub{5f}+ . hf] k|ltqmflGtsf] ;fwg xf]Og
lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] ;fwg aG5 eg]/ xfdLn] gof“ k|:yfkgf k|:t't u/]sf 5f}+ . @! cf}+
ztfAbLdf hgjfbsf] cjwf/0ffdf kf6L{, ;]gf / df]rf{ cyjf ;Qfsf] If]qdf gof“
kf6L{, gof“ ;]gf / gof“ ;Qf lgdf{0fsf] cjwf/0ff xf] . clxn] b'ZdgnfO{ k/fhLt
ug{sf] nflu, b'Zdgdfly clwgfosTj nfu" ug{sf] nflu klxn] kf6L{, ;]gf /
df]rf{ ;+ul7t ;'b[9 / dhj't agfp5f}+ . k'gM xfdL :jtGqtfsf] b'lgofdf hfgsf] nflu
lj36g ug{ / ljnf]k ug{ tof/ /xG5f}+ . ljut sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ jf
dhj't ug{ t ;lsof] t/ To;nfO{ lj36g ug{ g;Sbf sdhf]/ agfp“b} ljnf]k ug]{, gi6
ug]{ / lg/Gt/ qmflGt ug{ g;Sbf s]xL ;Qfx? gf]s/zfxLs/0f eP, kf6L{ gf]s/zfxLs/0f
eof], ;]gf gf]s/zfxL oGqdf kl/0ft eof] / k|ltqmflGtsf] ;fwg aGof] . To;n]
;{jxf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] ljsf; / lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] l;4fGtnfO{ z'?b]lv g}
cfTd;ft ub}{ ;+:yfut ug{' g} @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf hgjfbsf] d"n dfGotf xf] .
o;/L xfdLn] k|r08kydf ljsf; u/]sf 5f} . o;nfO{ xfdLn] ;+Zn]if0f ubf{;Dd k|r08ky
gof“ 7fp“df k'u]sf] x'G5, o;n] ;fj{ef}ldstfsf] rl/q u|x0f ub}{ hfG5 eGg] xfd|f]
dfGotf xf] . o;/L xfdLn] cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngnfO{ gof“ b[li6sf]0f,
gof“ ljrf/ / ;u/dfyfsf] b]zaf6 gof“ ;Gb]z lbg ;S5f}+, gofF /0fgLlt, sfo{gLlt /
gof“ ljrf/ lbg ;S5f}+ of] g} k|r08kysf] clxn];Ddsf] ljsf; xf] . j}rfl/s ?kn]
k|r08kynfO{ ljsf; ug]{ / Tof] ljsf;sf] hudf xfdL g]kfnL qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ hf]
ljZj qmflGt kZrftsf] k|ltqmflGtsf] hjfkm glbP/ ljZjqmflGt s;/L x'G5 eGg] s'/f
Pp6f lgb]{z gu/]/ ca s'g} klg b]zdf qmflGt ;Dej 5}g . xfdL k|Tofqmd0f eGb}5f}+
g]kfndf ;Dej 5}g . ljZjqmflGtsf] ?k/]vf
sf]/L;s]kl5 ;lhn} g]kfndf qmflGt x'G5 / To;n] ljZjJoflk qmflGtnfO{ lbzf lgb]{z
ub{5 . xfdL o;} dfGotfsf ;fy @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf hgjfbsf] s'/f
ul//x]sf 5f}+ . of] clxn];Dd ;+Zn]lift k|r08kysf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] ljsf;
u/]sf] Jojxf/df k|of]ukl5 ljsf; ePsf] gof“ cjwf/0ff xf] . xfdL 5nkmndf 5f}+ .
d]rL–sf]zL hg;}Go k|lt/f]w cleofg tLj| kf/f}+ uf]kfn vDj", kL=jL=Pd=,
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_cWoIf, ls/ft u0ftGq ;/sf/
b]z / hgtfsf] gfddf hLjgsf] /flhgfdf n]v]/ dxfg\ hgo'4sf]
sfo{lbzfk|lt ;dlk{t g]kfnL hgtfsf
5f]/f5f]/Lx? cfd /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0faf6 cl3 a9\b} 5g\ . ;fd|fHojfb /
;fdGtjfbåf/f zf]lift pTkLl8t hflt, If]q, dlxnf / >dhLjL ju{sf] cfÇgf] efUo /
eljio cfkm} lgdf{0f ug{ kfpg' kg]{ b[9 c7f]6sf hgo'4sf] d}bfgdf k+lQmj4
qmflGtsf/L of]4fx? g} b]zsf] /fli6«o :jflwgtf, hgtGq Pj+ hglhljsfsf] j}1flgs
em08f p7fO/x]sf Ps dfq b]zeQm zlQm x'g eGg] j:t'ut oyfy{ cfh b'lgof“df huhfx]/
5 . k]l/; sDo"gb]lv ;f]leot cS6f]j/ qmflGt x'“b} rLlgofF hgjfbL qmflGt /
dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts qmflGt;Dd Jojxfl/s cEof; x'“b} cfPsf] dfn]dfjfb /
g]kfnL ljlzi6tfdf To;sf] j}1flgs k|of]un] ljsf; u/]sf] dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf]
yk ljsf;af6 @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] ;fd|fHojfb / To;sf] vRr/ lj:tf/jfbnfO{ ;d"n
k|lt/f]w u/L g]kfnL hgqmflGtsf] /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0f ;kmn agfpg] b[9tf kf6L{
s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7sn] ;fj{hflgs ul/;s]s} 5 . xfd|f] dxfg\ tyf uf}/jzfnL ;+u7g
g]=s=kf=
-dfcf]jfbL_sf] g]t[Tjdf /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] lg0ff{os r/0fdf p7]sf] hgo'4sf]
eJo / ;kmntfsf lglDt
;'b"/k"j{sf] e"ldaf6 ljz]if k|oTg hf/L
/x]sf] 5 / ;f] k|oTgsf] k|efjsf/L ljsf; Pj+ lj:tf/sf lglDt kf6L{sf] d]rL–sf]zL
If]lqo Jo"/f] / hgd'lQm ;]gf, ;ftf}+ la|u]8sf] ;+o"Qm cfof]hgfdf
‘d]rL–sf]zL hg;}Go k|lt/f]w cleofg’ hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .
/0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] klxnf] s]Gb|Lo of]hgfnfO{ d]rL–sf]zLsf] ;fk]If
ljlzi6tfdf, PsLs[t :j?kdf sfof{Gjog ug]{ of]hgfdf cfwfl/t o; hg;}Go
k|lt/f]w cleofgsf] pb\3f6g **cf}+ ;f]leot cS6f]j/ qmflGt lbjz -sflt{s % ut]_ sf
cj;/df ljs]lGb|t sfo{qmdx?åf/f ePsf] 5 / cfufdL n]lgg lbjz -@@clk|n @)%%_ ;Dd
of] cleofg ;+rfng ul/g] nIo 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 . k|:t't ljifo j:t'k|lt s]lGb|t
/x]/ oxfF rrf{ ul/g]5 .
gofF ljrf/sf] ;+Zn]if0f af/]
æxfdL
dfS;{jfbnfO{ s'g} k"0f{ / cg'n+3gLo j:t'sf] ?kdf lnb}gf}+, a? o;sf] ljk/Lt
xfdL s'g s'/fdf lj:j:t 5f}+ eg] o;n] t lj1fgsf] cfwf/zLnf dfq v8f u/]sf] 5 .
;dfhjfbLx? o;nfO{ hLjg ;“u;“u} n}hfg rfxG5g\ eg] pgLx?n] o;sf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf;
ug}{ kb{5 . =======of] wf/0ffn] ;fdfGo lgb]{zs l;4fGtx? dfq k|bfg ub{5 . ljz]if
u/]/ k|mfG;df eGbf a]nfotdf leGg tl/sfn], To;eGbf klg ?;df leGg ?kn] o;sf]
k|of]u ul/G5 .Æ—s=n]lgg
æqmflGtsf/L
?kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ gofF prfO{df p7fp“b} /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf
k|j]z u/f}+ . zLif{s bz lbg] s]Gb|Lo a}7såf/f kfl/t b:tfj]hsf] z'?df s=n]lggsf]
pNn]lvt sf]6]zg ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . dfS;{jfbnfO{ ;fdfGo lgb]{zs l;4fGtsf] ?kdf
xf]Og, h8;"qsf ?kdf a'em\g] tTsfnLg d]G;]lesx?;“u
j}rfl/s ;+3if{sf a]nf s=n]lggn] pQm egfO{ cl3 ;fg'{ ePsf] lyof], h;sf]
ckl/xfo{tf jt{dfg g]kfnL hgo'4df ljrf/sf] ljsf;;“u cleGg ?kn] hf]l8g k'u]sf] 5
. of] tYonfO{ xfd|f] kf6L{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf]
‘bz lbg] s]Gb|Lo a}7s’n] b[9tfk"j{s cfTd;ft ub}{ ;j{xf/f g]t[Tj, ju{;+3if{
/ lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] cfwf/e"t dfGotfdf sfod /x“b} @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] ljZj rl/q
cg';f/ ck]lIft ljsf; ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
k|yd
ljZjo'4sf] aLraf6 ;DkGg ;f]leot qmflGtn] ljZj /fhgLltdf Pp6f cg's"n cj;/
k|of]u u/]sf] lyof] . ;g !(!$ b]lv e8\lsPsf] ljZjo'4n] ;a} vfn] ;fd|fHojfbLx?
cfk:tdf df/fdf/ u/]/ c:tJo:tsf] cj:yfdf k'u]sf lyP eg] ToxL cj;/sf] k|of]u ub{}
!(!& cS6f]j/ @! df ;f]leot ;dfhjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg ul/of] . s=dfcf]sf]
g]t[Tjdf, ;g\ !($( df rLlgof hgqmflGt ;DkGg ubf{ kmf;LjfbL lx6n/nfO{ 3'+8f
6]sfpg] tfut ;f]leot g]tf s=:6flng;“u lyof], h;n] !(#( b]lv e8\lsPsf] bf];|f]
ljZjo'4df ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ w/fzfoL agfPaf6 rLlgof sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf] dfu{ k|z:t ag]sf] lyof] . cfh @! cf}+
ztfAbLsf] b'lgof“df, hxfF cGt/;fd|fHojfbL 6Ss/ kmf}hL ?kdf b]vf kl//x]sf] 5}g /
ljZjdf s'g} sDo'lgi6
/fHox? klg b]lvb}gg\ . o:tf] ljZj
kl/l:yltdf g]kfnL qmflGtsf] ;kmntf s;/L
;Dej x'G5 < xf], oxL k|Zgsf] j}1flgs hjfkmsf nflu xfdLn] gofFljrf/sf] ljsf;
ug}{ kg]{ o'ufGtsf/L sfo{ef/ p7fOPsf]
xf] .
s=n]lgg
pNn]lvt sf]6]zgnfO{ :yfg ljz]ifsf] ?kdf dfq xf]Og, vf;u/L @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] ;do
ljz]ifsf] ?kdf ;d]t k|of]u ug'{ kb{5 h;n] blIf0f Plzofsf] Pp6f cw{;fdGtL tyf
cw{cf}klgj]lzs d'n'sdf Ps w'|jLo ;fd|fHojfb
/ To;åf/f kflnt–kf]lift lj:tf/jfb tyf ;fdGtjfbsf lj?4 /0fgLlts
k|Tofqmd0f ;kmn ug]{ ;fdYo{ hfx]/ ug'{ kb{5 . ctM xfd|f] kf6L{n] gofFljrf/sf]
;+Zn]if0f cyf{t ljsf; ug]{ eg]sf] k|yd / bf];|f] ljZjo'4kl5sf] cj:yfdf, @!cf}+
ztfAbLsf] b'lgof“df ;fd|fHojfbsf] jf:tljs rl/q klxrfg ug]{ / ;Dk"0f{
ljZjsf qmflGtsf/Lx? tyf ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL hg;d'bfonfO{ uf]njGb ub}{ ;fdfGotM
ljZjqmflGtsf] j}rfl/s cfwf/ Onfsf tyf j:t'tM blIf0f PlzofnL qmflGtsf] ef}lts
cfwf/ Onfsfsf] ?kdf g]kfndff sDo'lgi6 g]t[Tjsf] qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ sfo{ef/sf ;fy
j}1flgs ljrf/wf/f / ljlwsf] ljsf;sf] k|:tfj cl3 ;f/]sf] xf] . @))# df ;DkGg kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf]
a}7såf/f kfl/t ‘@!cf}+ ztfAbLdf hgjfbsf] ljsf; af/]’ k|:tfj dfn]dfjfbsf]
j}1flgs ;dfhjfb cyf{t /fHo;Qf af/] gf}nf] cjwf/0ff lyof], h;n] @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf
sDo'lgi6x?n] qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ dfq xf]Og, vf; u/L k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg ;Sg' kb{5,
eGg] ls6fg ub}{ ofjt ;jfnsf 7f]; hjfkmx? lbg ;dy{jfg ePsf] 5 . ToxL cg'ej Pj+
cg';Gwfgsf] lg:sif{af6 dfn]dfjfbsf] ;du|tfdf cyf{t bz{gzf:q / /fhgLlts
cy{zf:qdf ck]lIft ljsf;af6 g]kfnL hgo'4sf] /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0f ;kmn
ul/g] ljZjf; :jtM hfx]/ ul/Psf] xf] .
cj Pp6f k|Zg
v8f x'G5, To:tf] gofF ljrf/sf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 g} eGg] Uof/]G6L s] < ;do /
:yfg ljz]ifsf cfwf/df dfn]dfjfbsf] j}1flgs k|of]u, ju{;+3if{ pTkfbg ;+3if{nf“O{
bx|f];“u clVtof/ ul/of] eg] Pp6f yf]qf] /fOkmnaf6 z'? ul/Psf] hgo'4 @#%
jif{b]lv h/f uf8]/ a;]sf] ;fd|fHjfbsf] h/f xNnfp“b}, ;fd|fHojfb lj?4 k|ToIf
6Ss/ ln+b} gf} jif{sf] aLrnfO{ ljZj xNnfpg] nfn em08f aGg ;Sbf] /x]5 eGg] tYout
cfwf/ g} xfd|f Uof/]G6Lx? x'g\ .
/0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] ;jfn
kf6L{sf]
bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf] dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf ?kdf gofF ljrf/ z[+vnfsf]
;+Zn]if0f ubf{ t];|f] ljZjsf g]kfn h:tf] d'n'sdf qmflGtsf nflu bL3{sfnLg
hgo'4df cfd ;z:q ljb|f]xnfO{ ;dfof]hg ug'{ kg]{ P]ltxfl;s lg0f{o 7f]; u¥of] .
o;n] g]kfn h:tf] d'n'sdf qmflGtsf] kxn ubf{ bL3{sfnLg hgo'4sf] /0fgLlt clVtof/
ug]{ / ;dfkg ubf{ ;z:q ljb|f]xsf] /0fgLlt clVtof/ ug]{ j:t'jfbL wf/0f cl3
;f/]sf] 5 . ctM g]kfn h:tf d'n'sx?df ;fdfGotM bL3{sfnLg hgo'4 / ljz]iftM cfd
;z:q ljb|f]xsf] /0fgLlt clVtof/ ug'{ kg]{ cyf{t oL b'j}nfO{ ;dfof]hg ug'{ kg]{
k|r08kysf] df}lnstf hfx]/ ePsf]
5 . o;/L /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0f eg]sf] bL3{sfnLg hgo'4sf] lg0ff{os r/0f xf] / o;n]
;kmntfk"j{s ;dfkfgsf lglDt cfd ;z:q hgljb|f]xsf] dfu ug]{ s'/f :jtM :ki6
x'G5 . k/Gt', /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0f eg]s} cfd ;z:q ljb|f]x xf]Og, /0fgLlts
k|Tofqmd0fsf] :j?k cGtu{t s}+og s]Gb|Lo of]hgfx? sfof{Gjog ub}{ nfg] qmddf
bL3{sfnLg hgo'4sf] /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgfdf cfd ;z:q ljb|f]x hf]l8g]
cyf{t ;dfof]lht x'g] tYo :jtM l;4 5 . ctM /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] s'g} Ps
lg0ff{os pkr/0fsf ?kdf cfd ;z:q hgljb|f]xsf] t}of/L ub}{ cl3 a9\g' g]kfnL
ljlzi6tfdf k|r08kysf] ;}4flGts lgb]{zg x'g]5 .
cjut ePs}
xf] ls dfn]dfjfbL ;}4flGts lgb]{zgsf] hgo'4 ;fdfGotM bL3{sfnLg rl/qsf] x'G5 .
bL3{sfnLg hgo'4sf tLg d"ne"t r/0fx? x'G5g\ . To;df k|yd, /0fgLlts
/Iffsf] r/0f, bf];|f] /0fgLlts zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] r/0f / t];|f]
/0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0f . o;/L
/Iff / ;Gt'ngsf] /0fgLlts r/0f k"/f ub}{ bz lbg] a}7sb]lv 3f]lift ?kdf
g]kfnL hgo'4 k|Tofqmd0fsf] lg0ff{os r/0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] 5, h;sf] t}of/L ut @))#
sf] s]Gb|Lo a}7såf/f g} ePsf] lyof] . ljlbt} 5, /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf
b'Zdgsf] cfd ljgfzsf] n8fOF nl8G5 / xfdL o;} tkm{ s]lGb|t x'g' kb{5 .
csf]{ k|Zg
v8f xf]nf ls g]kfnL qmflGtdf /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf cfwf/x? s] s] x'g < tYout
hjfkm oxL g} sfkmL 5 ls ;fd|fHojfbn] k|ToIf of]hgfdf cfw'lgs xftxltof/n]
;'–;lHht zfxL ;]gf / k'ln;sf] Jofks bdgnfO{ lrb}{ xhf/f}+ hg;d'bfosf]
;xeflutfdf cf7 j6f :jfoQ hg;/sf/x?sf] 3f]if0ff ul/of], hf] k'/fgf] s]Gb|Lo
;Qfdfly lg0ff{os /fli6«o /fhgLlts x:tIf]k lyof] . o:tf] P]ltxfl;s 3f]if0ffn]
Psflt/ @#% jif{b]lv hftLo, If]qLo pTkL8gsf] lzsf/ aGb} cfPsf s/f]8f}+ hgtfsf]
Gofok"0f{ d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{
/fhgLlts ;Qfsf ?kdf ;+:yfut u/]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ gofF g]kfnsf] u0ftGqfTds
cfwf/ :yfkgf u/]sf] 5 . log} b'O{
sf/0fx?af6 k'/fgf] ;Qfdfly lg0ff{os
/fhgLlts x:tIf]k ;fljt ePsf] 5 . kmf}hL ?kn] x]g]{ xf] eg] bf]/Djf xTofsf08sf]
e08fkmf]/ ub}{ cfd ljs]lGb|t sfjf{xLaf6 zfxL cd]l/sg ;]gfnfO{ /IffTds aGg afWo
kfb}{ ef]hk'/ / a]gLsf ;fd|fHojfbL of]hgfsf o'4 lsNnfx? eTsfpg] s]Gb|Ls[t
sfjf{xLsf] ;kmntf cfh /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] alnof] cfwf/ ag]sf] 5 . slyt
;+;bjfbL bnx?n] /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbL u2f/L gu/]sf eP
zx/df p7]sf] o'jf–ljBfyL{sf] u0ftGqjfbL cfGbf]ngsf] pTsif{ cfd ;z:q ljb|f]xlt/
df]l8Psf] xf] . efO{df/f xTof/fsf lj?4 dlxgf}+ zx/df ljb|f]xsf] em08f p7fpg]
o'jf ljBfyL{sf] ;fx; k|bz{g /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] Ps :jt:km"t{ cfwf/ xf]
eGg] s'/fdf z+sf /x“b}g . ;fy}, slxNo} lg:sg g;Sg] u/L O/fsdf km;]sf] cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfb / To;sf lj?4 c/jf}+sf] ljZj hgdt g]kfnL /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf]
cGt/f{li6«o cfwf/ ag]sf] 5 .
ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb lj?4sf] ;+3if{ hj g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fdf k|j]zsf]
3f]if0ff u¥of], tj /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbL u2f/x?nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ef/tLo
lj:tf/jfbn] g]kfn;“u ;Ldfgf hf]l8Psf ;a} gfsfx?df Jofks ?kdf p;sf] kmf}h t}gfy
u¥of] / u2f/x?sf] ;/sf/nfO{ ;Sbf] ;}Go tyf cfly{s ;xof]u lbof] t/ ;+of]u g}
eGg' k5{ sL cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] bnfnLk"0f{ ;dy{g lnP/ g]kfnnfO{ l;lSsd
agfpg tlD;Psf] lbNnL s]lGb|t ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb / To;sf bnfnx? v'zLn] /dfO /x]s}
avt ‘ef/tLo sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_’ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 3f]if0ff x'g uPsf] 5 .
ef=s=kf=-dfn]_, lkk'N; jf/ u'|k / dfcf]jfbL sDo'lgi6 s]Gb| -ef/t_ sf aLr
PsLs/0f g]kfnL hgo'4k|lt b[9 P]Soj4tf, ef/tdf cfwf/ Onfsf lgdf{0f ug]{, 5fkfdf/
;]gfnfO{ hgd'lQm ;]gfdf k'gu{7g ug]{ / ;fd|fHojfb, lj:tf/jfb lj?4 ljZj ;j{xf/f
qmflGtsf] ;]jf ug]{ ef=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] 3f]if0ffn] j:t'tM lbNnL s]lGb|t
ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb lj?4 rf]l6nf] k|xf/ u/]sf] 5 .
oxfF s]
:d/0fLo 5 eg] rLlgof qmflGt ;DkGg ug{sf lglDt s=dfcf]n] % j6f ;t{x? k"/f
ug'{kg]{ atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . ;Rrf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{, alnof] hgd'lQm ;]gf,
cg's"n e"uf]n, Jofks hgfwf/ / bL3{sfnLg cfo;|f]tsf dfcf]jfbL ;t{x?
g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df klg ckl/xfo{ /x]sf] 7xb}{ hgo'4sf] kxn cl3 g}
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ åf/f csf]{ Ps ;t{ yk ul/Psf] lyof] . g]kfnL qmflGt ;DkGg
ug{sf lglDt tL ckl/xfo{ % j6f ;t{x?df ;fdfGotM cGt/f{li6«o qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ng,
ljz]iftM ef/tdf qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] p7fg ug'{kg]{ 7f]; gLlt cl3
;fl/Psf] lyof] . To;}sf] Jojxfl/s
cEof;sf qmddf sDkf];fsf] lgdf{0f / sDkf];fsf] dfWodaf6 ef/tdf hgo'4/t b'O{
sDo'lgi6 ;d"x aLr Pstf Pj+ ef=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ lgdf{0fn] cfh dhj't cfsf/
u|x0f u/]sf] 5 . g]kfndf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ / ls/ft js{; kf6L{ aLr Pstf eP
h:t} ef/tdf /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx?sf] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt
ub}{ jf:tljs cy{df blIf0f PlzofnL ;f]leot dxf;+3 lgdf{0fsf] cleofgdf nfUg] xf]
eg] cj of] s'/f 7f]s'jf u/]/ eGg ;lsG5, g]kfndfly ;}lgs x:tIf]k u/]df Tof]
ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf] lrxfg ;fljt x'g]5 . ctM cfjZostf k/] g]kfnnfO{ @!cf}+
ztfAbLsf] leotgfd ;fljt ug{ cu|;/ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf qmflGtsf/Lx? b'O{
6'qmf ag]sf] leotgfdnfO{ dfq x]b}{gg\, vf;ul/ ;fd|fHojfb–lj:tf/jfbsf lj?4
lg0ff{os k|lt/f]w ub}{ PsLs[t leotgfd lgdf{0fsf] Oltxf;nfO{ g]kfndf k|of]u ug{
sl6j4 5g\ .
g]kfnsf]
;fj{ef}d ;Qf ;DkGg :jflwgtf, cfTdlge{/, cy{tGq / hgtflGqs ljsf;sf nflu lbNnL
s]lGb|t ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb l;t k|ToIf o'4 gu/L clg To;nfO{ k/flht gu/L ;'v} 5}g,
eGg] P]ltxfl;s j:t'ut tYonfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{ cfjZostf k/] lj:tf/jfbsf lj?4
kmf}hL o'4 n8\g] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] xf] .
qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0f af/]
uf]vf{nL cf}klgj]lzs pTkL8gdf /x]sf]
k"jL{ g]kfnsf] vff; ;d:of bnfn tyf gf]s/zffxL k"“hLjfb, blIf0fk+yL
;+zf]wgjfb / hftLo cGt/lj/f]w /x]sf] tYo ls6fg ul/Psf] 5 . To; dWo] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ :jLsf/
ub}{ hftLo :jfoQtf sfof{Gjog ug]{ kf6L{sf] gLlt adf]lhd :jfoQ hg;/sf/x?
3f]if0ff ul/Paf6 uf]vf{nL cf}klgj]lzstf lj/f]wL hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ng /fhgLlts
;Qfsf ?kdf j:t'tM ;+:yfut ul/Psf] 5 . k"j{sf] ;+be{df ls/ft u0ftGq / dw]z
u0ftGq ;/sf/ 3f]if0ff ul/ ;lsPsf] 5 eg] sf]lrnf / ;/sf/ 3f]if0ffsf] tof/Ldf 5 .
log} o'4sfnLg :jfoQ ;/sf/x?sf] /Iff, ljsf; tyf ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{ g} cjsf] hftLo
d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] sfo{ef/ xf] eGg] s'/fdf :ki6 x'g' kb{5 . ;kmntfk"j{s of]
sfo{ef/ ;DkGg ug{sf lglDt ;j{xf/f hgjfbL cfGbf]ngdf d'Vo hf]8 lbg'kg]{ :jtM:ki6
5 . tj dfq b]zLo uf]vf{nL ;fdGtjfb lj?4 ;kmn aGb} hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ng
;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfb lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngdf ;d]t Ps k|efjsf/L ;xof]uL /xg] /
cfÇgf] d'lQm / :jfwLgtf ;'lglZrt ul/g] s'/fdf ljZj:t x'g ;lsG5 . k'/fgf] ;Qfsf]
s]Gb|dfly k|Tofqmd0f / ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb lj?4 ;+3if{sf] 7f]; of]hgfn] oxf“sf]
bnfn tyf gf]s/zfxL k"“hLjfb Pj+ ;+zf]wgjfbnfO{ v/fgL kfgLn] tYo :jo+ :ki6
5 / vf; u/L xfdLn] /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] ljrf/, ;+u7g, ;+3if{ / ;+:s[ltsf]
dd{nfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s cfTd;ft u/L To;sf] Jojxfl/s sfof{Gjog tkm{
b[9tfk"j{s nfUg dfq h?/L 5 . dxfg\ hgo'4sf] k|xf/af6 ktgsf] lbzfdf k'u]sf]
bnfn tyf gf]s/zfxL k"“hLjfb / ;+zf]wgjfbsf] bfx;+:sf/ l5§} ul/g] j:t'l:ylt
pkl:yt /x]sf] k|i6 5 .
;}4flGts ?kn]
k"j{sf] tLg cGt/lj/f]w xn ug]{ sfd o;/L e}/x]sf] 5 eg] cfd hgtf / ldq
zlQmsf aLr j}1flgs ;DaGw :yflkt ug{ Pj+ cGt/kf6L{ b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{nfO{ Jojl:yt
ug{ s]Gb|Lo a}7såf/f kfl/t ;'4Ls/0f cyf{t qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0f af/] k|:tfjsf]
dd{ u|x0f ug{ h?/L 5 . cfd hgtf;“u d"ntM tLg cf7sf] lgoddf cfwfl/t /x]/
sfd ug]{ xf] eg] ;Qf aflx/ /x]sf /fhgLlts zlQmx?;“u j}rfl/s ;+3if{ dfq ub}{ cl3
a9\g' kb{5 . lgMz:q b'Zdg jf s'g} ck/fwL–cleof]uLnfO{ sfjf{xL ubf{ ut jif{
kL=jL=sf] a}7ssf] lgb]{zgdf /x]/ clgjfo{ hgjfbL j}wflgstf k"/f ug'{ kb{5 .
o:tf] j}Bflgstf eg]sf] hgcbfntsf] ljlw / k|lqmof xf] eGg] :jtM:ki6 5 .
cGt/kf6L{ b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{df d"ntM cfwf/e"t ;jfnx?df Pstf ePkl5 Pstf
k|wfg x'G5 / s'g} c+zdf ljjfb /x]df To;nfO{ d}qLk"0f{ tl/sfn] xn ub}{ cl3
a9\g' dfn]dfjfbsf] j}1flgs ljlw xf] . o;}nfO{ s=dfcf]n] h+un / ?vsf] pbfx/0faf6
:ki6 ug'{ ePsf] 5 . o:tf] åGåfTds ljlwsf] k|of]un] ju{;+3if{df ju{;+3ifs} /
cGt/;+3if{df cGt/;+3if{s} ljlw k|of]u ug]{ dfu ub{5 . cGoyf ju{;+3if{df cGt/;+3if{sf]
ljlw k|of]u x'“bf kf6L{leq b'Zdg 3':g ;Sg] vt/f x'G5 eg] cGt/;+3if{df
ju{;+3if{sf] ljlw k|of]u ubf{ :tflngjfbsf] vt/f a9\g] x'G5 . ctM j}1flgs
l;4fGtnfO{ qmflGtsf/L Jojxf/l;t hf]8\bf clwstd åGåjfbL aGg' kg]{ :jtM :ki6 5 .
j:t'tM /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fdf / qmflGtsf/L ?kfGt/0fsf] s]Gb|Lo of]hgf cg';f/ sf]
lx+8\5 jf lx+8\b}g eGg] s'/fn] cjsf] km};nf ub{5 .
P]ltxfl;s
l;nl;nf cg'ej ubf{ klZrdsf sd/]8x?df s]Gb|LotfnfO{ s'g} lagf lxrlsrfx6 u|x0f
ul/Psf] kfOG5 eg] k"j{lt/ s]Gb| lj/f]wL k|j[lt k|s6 x'g vf]h]sf] cfef;
x'G5 . o;sf] j}1flgs sf/0f klZrddf s]Gb|Lotf cyf{t kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo gLlt
lgb]{zgnfO{ ;fdfGotM Gofok"0f{ ?kdf k|of]u ul/of], h;n] s]Gb|k|lt
k"0f{ cf:yf / ljZjf; sfod u¥of] eg] k"j{lt/ uf]vf{nL lj:tf/jfb /
!(%)sf] afx'gjfbL u2f/L, bnfn tyf gf]s/zfxL k"“hLjfb / g]t[Tjk|lt s'g} g
s'g} ?kdf z+sf sfod
/xg' :jefljs xf] . k/Gt', @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] b'lgofF xNnfO/x]sf] g]kfnL
hgqmflGtsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ hf] ;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfb;“u
h'em\b} /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf p7]sf] 5, k|lt cem klg cf:yf / ljZjf;
gug'{ dfn]dfjfbL cfr/0f lsdfy{ x'g] 5}g . vf; u/L sfo{stf{ k+lQmaf6 ljgf
lxlRsrfx6 s]Gb|LotfnfO{ u|x0f ug]{ / g]t[Tj txaf6 Gofok"0f{ cfwf/df lg0f{o
lgb]{zg ug]{ tyf cfÇgf] sldl6df ;fd"lxs g]t[Tj k|0ffnLnfO{ b[9tfk"j{s
:yflkt ug]{ cfjZostf g} ;'b"/k"j{sf r'gf}lt b]lvG5g\ . h'g r'gf}lt
;ffdgf ug{ xfdL ;a}n] sDd/ s;]/ nfu]sf] v08df ‘s]Gb| lj/f]wL k|j[lt k|s6 x'g
vf]h]sf] cfef;’ :jtM x6]/ hfG5 .
ctMgofFljrf/sf]
;+Zn]if0f
/0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0f, ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb lj/f]wL lg0ff{os ;+3if{ Pj+ ;Dk"0f{
b]z lhDdf lnP/ ljZj qmflGtsf] ;]jf ug]{ xfd|f c7f]6x?sf] hu qmflGtsf/L
?kfGt/0fsf] 7f]; k|lqmof xf] eGg] ;RrfO{nfO{ cfTd;ftul/ cfÇgf] lrGtg tyf
sfo{z}nLnfO{ cfh}b]lv ?kfGt/0f ug{ h?/L 5 . o; lglDt Oltxf;n] dfu u/]sf] avt
alnbfg ug{ tof/ xfdL g]tf–sfo{stf{n] yf]/} Tofu cjZo ug'{ kb{5 . o:tf] qmflGtsf/L
Tofu sfo{stf{af6 Wj+;fTds / lj/f]w xf]Og, /rgfTds / ;xof]usf] Pj+ g]t[Tjaf6
gf]s/zfxL / JolQmjfbL xf]Og, Gofok"0f{ s]Gb|Lotf clVtof/ ug]{k|lt x'g'
kb{5 . nf} t ;'b"/k"j{sf sd/]8x?, cfhb]lv xfdL oxL sfo{lbzfdf ;dlk{t
agf}+ . hg;}Go k|lt/f]w cleofg t]h kf/f}+ ¤
lzIffk|]dL
>Lh+ufl;+x y]j], /f0ff zf;g lj/f]wL ls/ftjfbL g]tf ljho axfb'/ lnDj",
emfkfnL ljb|f]xsf of]4fx?, ;'vfgL sf08sf zxLbx?, /Tgs'df/ afGtjf / l5Gtfª
sf08sf zxLbx?sf] ;Demgfdf, jxf“x?s} qmflGtsf/L lg/Gt/tf vflt/ **cf}+ ;f]leot
cS6f]j/ qmflGt lbjz -@!cS6f]j/ @))$_ df ljleGg ljs]lGb|t sfo{qmdx?af6 pb\3f6g
u/L n]lgg lbjz -@@clk|n @))%_ ;Dd k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;+rfng ug]{ u/L ‘d]rL–sf]zL
hg;}Go k|lt/f]w cleofg’ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 . o; 5 dlxg] cleofgdf kf6L{sf]
s]Gb|Lo of]hgf / ls/ft u0ftGq ;/sf/sf] etL{ cleofg ;d]tnfO{ PsLs[t ?kdf
sfof{Gjog ul/g] 5 . etL{ cleofg vf; u/L ;+ul7t ldlnlzof lgdf{0f sfo{df PsLs[t
ul/g] 5 .
j}rfl/s
sfddf gofF ljrf/ ;+Zn]if0f sfo{df ;zQm of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] tyf
;'b"/k"j{nfO{ qmflGtsf/L ljrf/n] ;jn agfpg], /fhgLlts sfddf a[xQ/
cfwf/ Onfsfsf] ?kdf :jzfl;t hg;/sf/nfO{ ;'b[9 ub}{ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] s]Gb|dfly
lg0ff{os x:tIf]k a9fpg], kmf}hL sfddf /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbL u2f/ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf
Jof/]sx? lgoGq0f ug]{ / b]zelQmk"0f{sf] s]Gb|Lo of]hgf ;kmn agfpg],
;f+u7flgs sfddf hftLo df]rf{ / hgjuL{o ;+u7gx?sf] of]hgfj4 kl/rfngaf6 b'O{ nfv
;+ul7t ldlnlzof lgdf{0f u/L ;}Go nufot k|fljlws tflnd lbnfpg] Pj+ cfly{s sfddf
bL3{sfnLg / cNksfnLg of]hgfx? agfO{ cfTdlge{/ aGg] tyf ‘vr{ 36fp, pTkfbg a9fp’
sf] r/d ?k pQ/cfw'lgstfjfbsf] 3f]/ e08fkmf]/ ub}{ cfÇgf lrGtg k|j[lt tyf
sfo{z}nLdf
;j{xf/fs/0f u/L /fli6«o hg;+:s[lt lgdf{0f ug]{ nIosf ;fy of] hg;}Go k|lt/f]w
cleofg hf/L ul/Psf] 5 . o; tkm{ cfd hg;d'bfonfO{ ;+ul7t, k|lzlIft / cfGbf]lnt
ug'{ ;'b"/k"j{sf qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] tfTsflns sfo{ef/ x'G5 . o;
sfo{ef/sf] p7fg / ;kmntfaf6 d]rL–sf]zLnfO{ h'?Ss} p7fpg] / sf7df08f}, lbNnL,
snsQf tyf k6gfsf lj:tf/jfbL cfqmd0fx?nfO{ lgZt]h kfb}{
;'b"/k"j{nfO{ Ps qmflGtsf/L cfwf/ Onfsfsf] ?kdf Jojl:yt ug]{ 5 .
xfd|f]
cleofgsf] gfdaf6} :ki6 x'G5 ls cfd hg;d'bfonfO{ kmf}hLs/0f ug]{ cyf{t hgtfaf6
5fkfdf/ ;]gf pTkfbg u/L b]z / hgtfsf] ;]jfdf v6fpg], g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf
;Dk"0f{ sfo{stf{x?, hgd'lQm ;]gf, ;+ul7t ldlnlzofx? k"0f{tM hg;d'bfo
cfwfl/t aGg] Pj+ vf; u/L hgtf / hg;]gf aLr PsLs[t tyf s]Gb|Ls[t ;DjGw ;'lglZrt
u/L b]zsf] /fli6«o :jfwLgtf, hgtGq / hghLljsfsf] clwsf/ Uof/]G6L ug]{ xf] . ctM
;'b"/k"j{sf] ljlzi6tf / cfjZostfdf hf/L o; d]rL–sf]zL hg;}Go k|lt/f]w
cleofgn] oxf“sf] ;d:ofx?nfO{ b'?:t}
s]Gb|df k'¥ofpg] / s]Gb|sf] gLlt lgb]{zgnfO{ x'ax' b'?:t} oxfF nfu" ug]{
qmflGtsf/L l:kl/6 sfod ug'{ kb{5 . o;}df ;'b"/k"j{sf hgtf / xfdL
qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] efUo / eljio lgxLt
5 . Tolt dfq xf]Og, xfd|f] hg;}Go
k|lt/f]w cleofgaf6 ;Dk"0f{ b]z, blIf0f Plzof / ljZj qmflGtn] g} ;fd|fHojfb
tyf lj:tf/jfb lj/f]wL ;j{xf/f qmflGtdf pRrtd ;]jfsf] ef/L ck]Iff u/]sf] 5 .
Tof] ck]Iff k"/f ug]{ qmflGtsf/L cfsf+Iff g} d]rL–sf]zL hg;}Go k|lt/f]w
cleofg xf] eGg] s'/fk|lt b[9 x'g' k5{ .
hgd'lQm ;]gfdf dlxnfx?sf] e"ldsf /
cfufdL sfo{ef/–sljtf
ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug{] uf}/jzfnL kf6L{ g]kfn sDo'lgi6
kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g]t[Tjdf g]kfnL hgtfn] ;~rfng u/]sf] g]kfnL dxfg\ hgo'4
cf7 jif{ k"/f u/L gjf}+ jif{ k|j]z u/]/ 7"nf–7"nf pknlAwsf ;lxt
ljZjnfO{ g} sDkfodfg t'Nofp“b} cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . hgo'4 g]kfnL dlxnfx?n]
g]kfndf dfq xf]Og, ljZjdf g} axfb'/Lsf] sL{ltdfg sfod ub}{ lg/Gt/ cufl8
al9/x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL dlxnfx?n] ljutdf ljleGg cfGbf]ngx?df ;xefuL aGb}
axfb'/Lsf Oltxf;x? v8f u/]sf] xfdL x]g{ ;S5f} g]kfnL wtL{df ;~rflnt s'g} klg
;+3if{x?df dlxnfx?sf] P]ltxfl;s ;xeflutf sd pn]Vo 5}g . cfh @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf
dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kyn] dfu{lgb]z{g u/]sf] g]kfnL hgo'4df klg P]ltxfl;s ?kdf
dlxnfx?sf] ;deflutf /x]sf] kfOG5 .
g]kfnL
dlxnfx?n] cfÇgf] u'd]sf] clwsf/ k|flKtsf lglDt Oltxf;b]lv jt{dfg;Dd klg cgGt
Tofu, tk:of, alnbfgLk"0f{ ;+3if{x? n8\b} cfO/x]sf 5g\ . ToxL P]ltxfl;s
alnbfgL ;+3if{sf] Pp6f ;zQm c+zsf] ?kdf dxfg\ hgo'4 juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ng;“u}
dlxnfx?sf] ln·Lo d'lQm cfGbf]ng klg Psfsf/ eP/ cufl8
al9/x]sf] 5 . dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] dfu{ lgb]z{g g} cfh bf;tfsf] ;f·nf]
r'8fpg] dfu{ lgb]z{s l;4fGt ag]sf] 5 . ljZjdf g} qmflGtsf/L dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf]
v8]/L kl//x]sf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf g]kfndf rn]sf] d'lQm cfGbf]ng b'lgofsf] lglDt
k|]/0ffsf] ;|f]t ag]sf] 5 . lxhf] 3/sf] r'nf]rf}sf]df cjl:yt dlxnfx? lglZrt
3/sf] bfo/f leq ;Lldt /x]/ s7f]/ bdgsf] afjh'b bogLo hLjgofkg ug{ aWo agfOPsf
dlxnfx? cfh b'lgofsf] d'lQmsf] lglDt n8\b} ljZjdf g} qmflGtsf] ;Gb]z lb+b}
;j{xf/f ju{sf] lglDt n8\g] k|]/0ff lbg yfn]sf
5g\ . nfvf}sf] ;+Vofdf qmflGtsf/L dlxnf ;+u7gdf cfj4 5g\, s/f]8f}sf]
;+Vofdf ;+u7gdf cfj4 x'g] k|lqmofdf lg/Gt/ nflu /x]sf 5g\ . cfh g]kfnsf] cToGt}
ljs6 7fp“x?df klg hgo'4sf] nx/x? km}lnb} cfwf/ Onfsfx? lgdf{0f eO/x]sf 5g\ .
cfÇgf] clwsf/sf] lglDt ;+3if{df h'6\g] ;Dk"0f{ h=j=;=x?sf ;+u7gx? cGt/ut
klg dlxnfx?sf] ljz]if ;xeflutf /x“b} cfPsf] 5 . Oltxf;b]lv g} g]kfnL dlxnfx?
cfÇgf] clwsf/sf] lglDt cGo hgjuL{o ;+u7gx?;“u ldn]/ cfGbf]ng p7fg u/]sf] kfOG5
. t/ ;xL / j}1flgs sfo{lbzfsf] cefjsf sf/0f ;+u7gsf] nfdf] :yfkfgf sfn;Dd klg
dlxnf ;+u7gn] u'0ffTds ljsf; ug{ ;s]sf] b]lvb}g . dlxnf d'lQm cfGbf]ng juL{o
d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ c+u ePtf klg tTsfnLg sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng g}
;+zf]wgjfbdf ktg ePsf] sf/0f dlxnf cfGbf]ng ;dfhdf /x]sf ljBdfg zf]if0fsf
hfnx?, aGwgx?, hlGh/x? / bdgsf kvf{nx? Tolt w]/} eTsfPsf] kfOb}g . 6'6]sf
sl8x?nfO{ hf]8\b} ljrf/wf/fTds / ;+u7gfTds sfo{lbzf gkfP/ cToGt} kL8fbfoL
cj:yfdf u'lh|/fv]sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ cfh hgo'4df qmflGtsf/L dlxnfx?n]
cfkm"nfO{ dfq xf]Og b'lgofnfO{ d'Qm ug{ ljleGg ;+u7gx?df cfj4 x'g yfn]sf
5g\ . b]zLo k|ltlqmofjfbL x'g\ of
cGt/f{li6«o ;fd|fHojfbLx? x'g\ b'j}n] dlxnfx?nfO{ ljleGg kf6faf6 zf]if0f sf]
hfndf kfb}{} nlu/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . cfwf cfsfz–cfwf wtL{ cf]u6\g] r]tg k|f0fLsf]
cu|ultdf cfpg] dlxnfx?nfO{ gf·} agfP/ grfO{–grfO{ a]lr/fv]sf 5g\ . jif]{gL
g]kfnL dlxnfx? xhf/f}+ ef/tsf sf]7Lx?df a]:ofj[lQsf] nflu laqmL ePsf 5g\, lj1fkgsf]
;fwgsf] ?kdf k|of]u ePsf 5g\ . o:tf qm'/td Jojxf/x? cfh ltg} ljZjsf b'lgof“sf]
/ut r':g], >d zf]if0f u/]/ cfÇgf] x}sd hdfpg vf]Hg], k"“hLklt bnfnx?sf]
gfOs] ;fd|fHojfbn] ul//x]sf] 5 . >dhLjL hgtfx? k"“hLklt / ;fdGtx?nfO{
;:tf] d"Nodf >d a]Rg afWo 5g\ . cfh g]kfndf log} ljleGg b'isd{x? cGTo
u/L ;r]t ;dfh lgdf{0f ug{ ;Rrf Oltxf; v8f ug]{ k|lqmofdf dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kyn]
b]vfPsf] d'lQmsf] pHofnf] af6f]nfO{ ks8\b} g]kfnL wtL{df z'? ePsf] dxfg\ g]kfnL
hgo'4n] ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] d'6'df ;]s]08–;]s]08df 7"n} e"O{+rfnf] k}bf
ul//fv]sf] 5 . tdfd d'lQmsfdL dlxnfx? klg hgo'4;“u} xft]dfnf] ub}{} cdfgjLo
Jojxf/ ug]{ tL /Qmlkkf;'x?k|lt lgd{dtf ;fy ;+3if{sf] d}bfgdf df]rf{jGbLb]lv
lnP/ /fhg}lts–j}rfl/s nufotsf ;du| n8fOF nl8/x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL ;dfhdf ePsf]
bb{gfs cGofo / cTofrf/sf] lj?4df ;+3if{ ug{ cfh cfd g]kfnL dlxnfx?nfO{
dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kyn] lgb{]zg lbPsf]
5 . ;fd|fHojfbsf] cfh cfÇgf] v'gL gª\u|fx? ufl8Psf] ;dfhnfO{ eTsfP/ gofF ;dfh
lgdf{0f ug{ ;Dk"0f{ dlxnfx?
h'l6/fv]sf 5g\ . hgo'4sf] ;Gb]znfO{ pTkL8gdf k/]sf k|To]s dlxnfx?sf] dfemdf
kLl8t cfd >dhLjL ls;fgx?, dhb"/x?, ljBfyL{x?, hftLo pTkL8gdf k/]sf
;Dk"0f{ blntx?sf] dfemdf k'¥ofpg ;kmn x'“b} cfPsf 5g\ . æhxfF bdg x'G5,
ToxfF k|lt/f]w x'G5Æ eGg] dxfg\
;j{xf/fsf u'? dfcf]n] eGg' eP h:t} cfh g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df klg cToGt ;fGble{s
9+un] k'li6 ePsf] 5 . k"“hLklt, bnfn / ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] ldn]dtf]df b]zLo
bnfnx?n] g]kfnL hgtfx? / tdfd d'lQmsfdL dlxnfx? dfly u/]sf]
Jojxf/sf] kl/0ffd cfh :jo+ p;}n] ef]Ug' k/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] hgo'4df dlxnfx?sf]
;+Vof x]g]{ xf] eg] k'?ifx?sf] xf/fxf/Ldf b]lvG5 . kf6L{ sfo{stf{, hg;Qf ;}Go
If]q / cGo hgjuL{o ;+u7gx?df P]ltxfl;s ?kdf dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vof b]lvG5 . hgo'4 z'?
x'g'eGbf klxn] lk+h8fsf] ;'uf h:t} aGbL agfOPsf dlxnfx? cWoflTds lrGtgdf u|:t
eP/ cfÇgf] >LdfgnfO{ b]jtf dflg k'hf u/L a:g] dlxnfx? cfh ;fd|fHojfbsf]
lj?4df xhf/f}+ 5l/Psf d'l¶x? Ps} 7fpF agfp“b} hgo'4sf] sdf08 ub{{} xhf/f}+sf]
;+Vofdf ;xefuL eP/ hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] kmd]{zgdf nfdj4 x'g' g]kfn dfq xf]Og ljZjs}
;Gbe{df uf}/jsf] s'/f xf] . ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{sf dxfg\ u'? s=dfcf]n] eGg' eP em}+,
æ/fhg}lts sfo{lbzf ;xL jf unt x'g'n] g} ;a} s'/f sf] lgwf{/0f ub{5 Æ. eGg] s'/f
g]kfnL hgo'4df ePsf] dlxnf ;xeflutfn] klg k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . sfo{lbzf ;xL 5 eg]
xfdL;+u gePsf] j:t'x? klg k|fKt x'G5 . sfo{lbzf ;xL 5}g eg] xfdL;+u ePsf] j:t'
klg u'Dg hfG5 . hgo'4sf] k|f/lDes cj:yfdf xftxltof/x? cToGt} yf]/} dfq lyof] .
emg} dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vof t cToGt} sd lyof] . t/ jt{dfg cj:yf;Dd cfp“bf j}1flgs /
;xL sfo{lbzfsf] kl/0ffddf l8lehg :t/;Ddsf] ;}Go lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ . hxfF
xhf/f}+sf] ;+Vofdf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 .
g]kfndf ;~rflnt hgo'4df dlxnfx?sf]
;xeflutfn] cfd hgtf, a'l4hLjL / kf6L{k+lQmnfO{ g} pT;flxt
kf/]sf] 5 . b]zLo zf;sx?n] eg] lvNnL p8fpg] u5{g\ . dlxnfx? dlxnf g} x'G5g\, s]
g} ug{ ;S5g\ / s7k'tnL dfq} x'g eGg] zf;sx?sf] 3d08 cfh tf]l8Psf] 5 . hgo'4sf]
jt{dfg cj:yfdf dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vof ;}Go kmd]{zgdf a9L kfOG5 . dlxnfx?sf] axfb'/L
cfh xfdL o'4df b]Vg ;S5f}+ . hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] kmd]{zgdf x]g{ ;S5f}+ . df]rf{jGbL
n8fO“b]lv lnP/ gLlt lgdf{0f Pj+ x/]s of]hgfx? agfpg] ;Gbe{df dlxnf sfo{bIftf
ToxfF b]Vg ;S5f}+ . ljZjdf g} h]na|]ssf] gofF Oltxf; sfod ug]{ s=pdf e"h]n
nufot ^ hgfsf] tfhf Oltxf; xfdL x]g{ ;S5f}+ . æsf]qmf] xNnfpg] xftx?n] ;+;f/
xNnfpg ;S5g\ Æ. eGg] s=qm'K;sfofsf cg';f/ dlxnfx?n] cfh g]kfnL zf;sx?nfO{ dfq
r'gf}lt lbPsf xf]Ogg\, ;fd|fHojfbL cd]l/sfsf] nflu klg r'gf}ltsf] ljifo
alg;s]sf] 5 . ;}of}+ dlxnfx? hgo'4df sdf08/ alg;s]sf 5g\ . bf;L hLjg /
;fdGtLx?sf] gf]s/Ldf bf];|f] bhf{sf] gful/ssf] ?kdf cToGt} kL8fbfoL hLjg lgjf{x
ug]{ dlxnfx? cfh Oltxf; lgdf{0fsf g]t[Tj alg/x]sf 5g\ . ;}Go If]qdf dlxnfx?sf]
ljsf; qmdnfO{ x]bf{ cu|k+lQmdf b]lvG5 . ldlnlzof, Knf6'g, sDkgL, a6flnog,
la|u]8 x'“b} l8lehg;Dd k'u]sf 5g\ . of] s'/f o'4sf k|ToIf df]rf{x?df dlxnfx?n]
b]vfPsf] jL/tf, ;f}o{, alnbfgsf] pRr sLlt{dfgx?n] k|dfl0ft ub{5 . sDkgL sdf08/
s=;kglznf, sDkgL eL=;L=
s=em/gf, Knf6'g sdf08/ s=sljtf nufot ;}of}+sf] zxfbt o;sf k|ToIf pbfx/0fx? x'g\
. ;}Go df]rf{df ePsf] of] ;xeflutf / alnbfgL, k|ltlqmofjfbLx?n] em'7 k|rf/ u/]
h:t} of}g zf]if0f / /f]df~rsf] nflu geP/ jf:tjdf hgo'4 ;kmn kfg]{ /0fg}lts
p2]Zosf nflu ePsf] 5 . ljZjsf slyt gfOs]x?n] ;+;f/nfO{ sfnf] kbf{ xfn]/ c“Wof/f]
kfl//x]sf] cj:yfdf cfkm" hn]/ b'lgof“nfO{ pHofnf] lbg] nIo / lxDdt ;lxt
dlxnfx? cufl8 al9/x]sf 5g\ . o;/L x/]s kIfx?nfO{ ;d]6]/ g]kfnL dlxnfx?n] gofF
o'usf] ;Gb]zx?, gofF–gofF r]tgfx?, d'lQmsf s'/fx? cfh htftt} km}nfO/x]sf 5g\ .
b]zsf s'gf sfKrf, zx/ / ufp“b]lv sf7df08f}+;Dd dfq xf]Og dlxnf d'lQm
cfGbf]ngsf] cfh ljZjdf g} rrf{ kl/rrf{sf] ljifo alg/x]sf] 5 .
lg/If/x?nfO{ n]Vg–k9g l;sfp“b} / ;+u7gdf cfj4 dlxnfx? n8\g] k|]/0ff lbb}
nl8/fv]sf 5g\, pTkL8gdf kg]{ dlxnfx?nfO{ d'lQmsf] aGb's af]Sg cfx\jfg ub}{5g\,
;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] 6fpsf] dfly ad / uf]nf a;f{pg] k|]/0ff lnO/x]sf 5g\ . o'4
snfb]lv lnP/ o'4 ;DjGwL cfwf/e"t s'/fx? cfd hgtfx?nfO{ l;sfO /x]sf 5g\,
ljsf; lgdf{0f, hg;Qf ;+rfng h:tf dxTjk"0f{ s'/fx? l;sfO/x]sf 5g\ . ljleGg
kf6f kIfaf6 n8\g] k|]/0ffx? lbb} cfkm} n8\g' kg]{ gofF Oltxf; lgdf{0fdf cfd
dlxnfx? h'Wg' kg]{ s'/fx? g]kfnL dlxnfx?nfO{ yk k|]/0ffx? lbb} alnbfgsf]
sf]6fx? r'Qmf ub}{ lg/Gt/ al9/x]sf 5g\ . o;y{ cfGbf]ng o; kl/j]z;Dd cfp“bf
klxn]sf] Oltxf; eGbf 5'§} ;r]t cf]h / ul/df af]s]sf] Oltxf; sfod eO;s]sf] 5 .
of] Oltxf;df slxNo} gePsf sfdx? ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . xfdL dlxnfx?n] ;r]t ;+3if{
ub}{ tdfd g]kfnL dlxnfx?nfO{ ;j{xf/f cfGbf]ngsf] 8f]/Ln] s:g' clt cfjZos 5 .
o'4sf] tLg r/0fx? dWo] clGtd r/0f /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] ;Dk"0f{ to/Lsf]
lglDt cf–cfÇgf] ;+u7gx?sf] df]rf{ s:b} gofF prfO{af6 hfg' kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvG5
. jt{dfg;Dddf hlt klg hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] kmd]{zgdf dlxnfx? nfdj4 5g\ Toltn] dfq
k'Ub}g . cfd dlxnfx?nffO{ ;+ul7t ub}{ kmf}hLs[t ug{ cfjZos 5 . /fhg}lts,
j}rfl/s xltof/n] ;z:q agfp“b} n}hfg' cfjZos 5 . ;+3if{sf] If]qdf ;dfhdf rn]sf]
ljs[lt / lj;+ultsf cGTosf] nflu k'/fgf] ;dfhdf dlxnfx?nfO{ gsf/fTds b[[li6n]
x]g]{ k|j[lt;“u lgd{d ;+3if{ ub}{ hfg' cfjZos 5 .
hgo'4df
dlxnf g]t[Tjx?sf] ljsf;sf] ;DjGwdf cfGbf]ngnfO{ gofF prfOdf k'¥ofpgsf] nflu
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cfjZos 5 . dlxnfx?df /x]sf s]xL uDeL/ ;d:ofx? lgDg k"“hLklt lrGtg,
lkt[;QfjfbL lrGtg, :jt:km't{jfb h:tf vt/fx?;“u clxn]b]lv g} kf6L{k+lQm,
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. b]zLo zf;sx? / ;fd|fHojfbL gfOs]x?n] hlt hgo'4nfO{ /fSg] k|of; u5{g, cem}
lj:kmf]6g eP/ hfg] 5 . hgtfx? dfly xTof, lx+;f nfb]/ hgo'4nfO{ bjfpg vf]Hg]
;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] ld7f] sNkgf / lbjf ;kgf l;jfo c? s]xL klg x'g ;Sb}g .
dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] j}rfl/s xltof/af6 n}; hg;d'bfosf] dxf;fu/nfO{ slxn] klg
em'sfpg ;Sb}gg\ eGg] k|df0fsf] ;Gb]z hgo'4n] lbPsf] 5 . ;j{xf/f ju{sf] /fHo v8f
x'g] lbg w]/} 5}g . cfd"n kl/jt{g lglZrt 5, gofF ;+;f/ l56} aGg] 5 . bzf}+
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7fg]/ b'O{ sf}8Lsf] nf]edf lgd{n cfTdfx?sf] lvnfkdf d[To'z}ofdf 56k6fO /x]sf]
afbzfx -1fg]Gb|_sf] v'§f df]Nb} ;j{xf/f ju{sf] lglDt cfÇgf] hLjgnfO{ ;+uLgsf]
6'Kkfdf /fvL o'4 d}bfgdf b]z b'lgofF / ;j{xf/f ju{sf] d'lQmsf lglDt xf]ldPsf tL
/ftf l;kfxLsf] :jfledfgL cf]7nfO{ ;'sfpg] hgtfsf] ljj]s dfly k"“hLjfbL
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kq sf]bf{ . t/ ltdL Tolt crlDet gxf]pm lsgls ltdLn] OG;f; af]s]/ sjfh v]Nb}
u/]sf] t:jL/ Pp6f klqsfdf e]6] . yf]/} cGt/jftf{ / ægf/L d'lQm lglDt zfxL ;]gf
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d'lQm kfp“5g\ . ltdL t s]jn Pp6f JolQm hf] tfgfzfx @#% jif{b]lv slyt k/dflwklt
clt/yL k/d ;]gflwklt xTof/f] /fhf egfp“bf] lxGb" ;+:sf/ cg';f/ gf/LnfO{
v'§fn] 5f]of] eg] kfk nfUof] elg pN6f] v'§f 9f]U5g\ t/ Tof]
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gf/Ln] d'lQm kfp“5g\ t < ltdL t gf/L d'lQmsf] lgx'“df ;+3if{ ubf{ub}{ s's'/ ;/x
d5f}{ g} t/ Tof] eGbf klxnf g} ltdL tL lkkf;'af6 otL r'l;G5f}+, To;sf]
n]vfhf]vf g} 5}g .
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cflv/ ltdL xfdL ;du| g]kfnL ;j{xf/f s;/L of] xfntdf k'Uof}+ < lsg xfdLn]
k9g, n]Vg, vfg, j:g, cf}ifwL pkrf/ ug{ kfPgf}+ < xfdL lsg cem u/Lj dfly u/Lj
eof}+ < wgL k"“hLklt lsg cem wgL aGb} uP <
/ pgLx? g} 7"nf 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/ eP < s] xfdLn] k9\g kfPsf eP 8fS6/,
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oxf“;Dd sL lbg /ft gegL sDd/df k]6fgL s;]/ tftf] 3fd–kfgL / snsf/vfgfsf]
w'“jfw'nf] gegL >d ug]{ JolQm xftd'v hf]8g gkfP/ dl//x]sf 5g\, sf]xL
hf8f]sf] sf/0f d/]sf 5g\ eg] sf]xL l;6fdf]n klg vfg gkfP/ dl//x]sf 5g\ . hjls
sf]xL ?3f dfq nfUbf n08gsf] Ho"l/v xl:k6n k'U5g\ / :jf:Yo nfe u5{g\ .
h;sf] 3/ x]g'{ cufj} lz/sf] 6f]kL lemSg' k5{, h;nfO{ >d, b'Mv, si6 hf8f]
udL{, xfjf
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tL s'Voft ck/fwLx?sf] kf;f]df kg]{ lyPgf}+ . ltdLnfO{ yfxf ePg ltdL h:tf
gf/Lx?nfO{ hflu/ / gf/Ld'lQmsf] nf]e b]vfP/ pkef]Uo j:t' agfO/x]sf 5g\ . Ps k6s
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dfq km'6]sL aflnsfb]lv lnP/ l;dnsf e'jf em}+ km'n]sf skfn, z/L/sf 5fnf rfpl/P/
cgluGtL /]vfx? sf]l/Psf cfs[lt, lk08 vfg] a]nf ePsL c:;L jifL{of a'9L cfdfnfO{
e]6\of] eg] kf;ljs anfTsf/ ug]{ kz'x?n] cfkm";“u} /ft lbg gegL lx+8\g]
ltdL h:tf o'jtLx?nfO{ 5f8\nfg t < ;f“rf] cy{df eGg] xf] eg] zfxL ;]gfleq
eO/x]sf] hgo'4k|ltsf] cfsif{0f / To; cfsif{0fn] pAhfPsf] ljb|f]xnfO{ /f]Sg]
s'r]:6f ub}{ / of}g pGdfbn] l6Sg g;s]sf gfuf xflsdx?sf] ;Gt'i6Lsf] lglDt ltdL
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of]hgf xf] . ltdLn] t b]z b'lgofF / gf/L
d'lQmsf lglDt n8\g] ;f]+rdf g/sdf 6fpsf] uf8\of}+ .
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psfnL cf]/fnL, le/kfvf gegL /ftlbg kl;gf aufp“b} ;fdGtsf] ef/L af]sL 8f“8f
kfl/sf] la;f}gLdf k'u]/ af]s]sf] ef/LnfO{ tf]Sdf nufO{ uf]hLdf af]s]sf]
sf]bfsf] af;L /f]6L 6f]Sb} cfÇgf hxfg aRrf kfNg] tL el/of bfO{sf] slyt le8Gtsf]
gfddf sfo/tfk"0f{ xTof eof] . s] p ;f“Rr} le8Gt ug]{ JolQm x'g t < pgL
cft+ssf/L g} lyP t < pgsf ;fyaf6 ;s]6 ad / ljleGg b:tfj]h km]nf k/] t <
km]nf k/L xfn] klg h+unaf6 k]6 k"hf ug{ elg NofPsf lu6\¶f, Eofs'/, jgt?n,
c;f/] h:tf sGbd'n dfq km]nf k/] . bf]/Djfsf] s'/f t k/] 5f8f}+ sflnsf]6s}
sf]6jf8fdf b'O{ jif{ cl3 wflb·af6 xjfOd}bfg agfpg elg uPsf sfdbf/x?nfO{ sfd
u/]/ ysfO{ d]6\g Psl5g cf/fdsf nflu 6x/f]leq al;/x]sf] cj:yfdf aflx/ lgsfnL
lgd{dtfk"j{s uf]nL xfg]sf] cfjfh / pgLx?sf] qmGbg cfh klg sf]6jf8fsf
hgtfsf] sfgdf tfh} 5 . ltd|f tL sfgdf klg xf]nfg\ . clxn];Dd sflnsf]6df tLg
;oeGbf a9L lgbf]{if >dhLjL hgtfsf] lhpHofgsf] ;'/Iff ug]{ eGb} lx+8]sf zfxL
cft+ssf/L hTyfn] xTof ul//x]sf 5g\ eg] ltdL h:t} ;of}+ dlxnf anTs[t ePsf 5g\ .
cl:t ev{/} dfq ltd|L lk|o ufp“n] ;fyL snfnfO{ zfxL cft+ssf/Lx?n] sf?l0fs lrTsf/
g;'gL kfzljs tl/sfn] anTsf/kl5 3fOt] of}gf·df ;+uLgn] 3f]rL 3f]rL xTof u/] clg
ufp“sf 3/ uf]7 hnfO{ hgtfnfO{ 3/jf/ ljxLg agfP . ToxfF t dfgjLo ;dj]bgfsf]
v8]/L dfq 5 . ToxL cTofrf/ vKg g;sL ;'Gb/tfsf] k'ik jfl6sfdf s'?ktfsf] cTofrf/
x'sf{pg vf]Hg]x? lj?4 z/L/sf g;fx? ;Nanfpg yfn] 5g\ . clg t cfÇgf] 3/sf] OR5f
cfsf+Iff Tofu]/ ;fdGtL ;+:s[lt pTkL8g lj?4 b]zsf s'gf s'gfdf cfuf] an]sf] 5 .
hgtfx? cfÇgf] n'l6Psf] :ju{ vf]:g af?b / uf]nL;“u kf}7] hf]/L v]Nb} hlt;'s}
s7f]/ oftgfsf afjh'b klg /f3]kf6] af3 em}+ ju{ o'4sf] e§Ldf :kft ePsf of]4fx?
ljhosf lsNnf lgdf{0f ub}{5g\ . /utn] Oltxf; n]Vb}5g\, ;+uLgn] lrl/Psf 3fpx?df
g'gr'sn] el/bf cfkmGt dfem cfdf 5f]/L Ps;fy anTs[t x'“bf klg /QLe/ uNb}gg\ .
>dhLjL hgtf z/L/df Psyf]kf /ut /x'Gh]n klg
;+3if{df nfUg] / ;fdGtL ;Qfsf] hu eTsfO zxLbsf ;kgf k"/f gu/L ;j{xf/f
ju{sf] ;Qf gcfP;Dd lg/Gt/ n8\g] afrf ;lxt ltd|} ufp“sf c?0f, sfG5L,
/fdaxfb'/ nufotsf ufp“n]x? kl/jf/ 5f8L ;j{xf/f ju{sf] g]t[Tj ug]{ ljrf/ lnO{
aGb's af]s]/ ufp“–ufp“df hgtfsf] sfvdf n'6'k'6' ub}{ cfÇgf] n'l6Psf] ;+;f/
vf]:g b'Zdgsf] lsNnfdf wfjf af]Nb}5g\ . ufp“sf a'9f af cfdf of]4fx?nfO{ ;ft'
agfO lbG5g\ eg] 3/ a;]/ ltdL h:tf ju{ b'Zdgsf] jw ug{ xltof/df ;fb nfp“b}5g\ .
h;/L pgLx? ;'Gb/ j:tLdf ;'ulGwt
/+uLlj/+uL km'n km'nfpg / x'sf{pg k|oTg/t 5g\ . To;sf] lvnfkmdf ltdL h:tf dfgj
gsfjwf/L hGt' v'n]cfd h'l6/x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] t ltdL h:tfnfO{ e]6]df afcfdfx?n] dfkm lbg' x'g] 5}g . cflv/ lsg t
< olb ltdL ;f“lRrs} /fli6«otf, hgtGq, hglhjLsf / gf/L d'lQm rfxG5f} eg]
ltdLn] ;]jf ub}{ cfO/x]sf] slyt /fhf 1fg]sf] ;]jf ug{ 5f8]/ @)%@ ;fnb]lv z'?
ePsf] dxfg\ hgo'4df hgtf;“u} nfdj4 x'g' g} clt pQd x'g]5 . olb hgtf;“u nfdj4
x'g ;Sb}gf}+ eg] Toxfaf6 ljbf lng' g} 7Ls x'g]5 . gq ltg} >dhLjL hgtfn]
lwSsfg]{ 5g\ . To; a]nf ltdLnfO{ hgtfn] km'ndfnfn] :jfut ug]{5g\ h'g a]nf ltdL
;j{xf/f ju{sf] d'lQm;“u} dlxnf d'lQm ;Dej 5 eGg] d"n dd{ af]s]sf]
dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] cfnf]sdf 6]s]/ ;j{xf/f ju{sf] sf“wdf sf“w ldnfp“b} cufl8
a9]sf] dlxnf ljb|f]xn] l;+uf] lkt[ ;tfTds ;fdGtjfbL /fHo;QfnfO{ g} r'gf}lt lbb}
cufl8 al9/xg]5f} . bf; o'usf] cTofrf/L zf;g sfnb]lv g} k'?ifx?;“u} ldnL
;+3if{sf] /f“sf] afNb} cfPsf dlxnfx? ;fdGtjfbL o'u / k"“hLjfbL o'udf
cfOk'Ubf emg} kl/:s[t / Jojl:yt ?kdf hLjgsf] afhL nufP/ ljb|f]xsf] Hjf/ef6f
l;h{gf ul//x]sf 5g\ . ltdLn] ;'g]sf] ?;, rLg / leotgfd nufotsf b]zx?df juL{o /
dlxnf d'lQmsf] lglDt slt Tofu / alnbfgL u/]sf 5g\ Toxf“sf dlxnfx?n] . afx\o
/fi6«sf] s] s'/f xfd|} b]zsf] b'u{d lhNnf sflnsf]6df g} k|x/L lj?4 dlxnfx?n]
u/]sf] ljb|f]xn] xltof/ vf];]/ kf6L{nfO{ a'emfPsf lyP eg] ju{o'4sL s'zn g]t[
pdf e'h]n nufot cGo kf“r hf]bfxf ;xsdL{x?n] uf]vf{ h]n a|]s u/L ljZjdf g}
;fxl;s sLlt{dfgsf] Oltxf; sfod
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ufp“j:tLsf s'gf sGb/fx?df hg;d'bfonfO{ b'Mv;'vdf ;fy lbb} k'/fgf] ;fdGtL
;+:sf/nfO{ eTsfO gofF ;+:sf/sf] hu a;fO hgtfsf] 9's9'sLdf af; j:g] nfvf}+
dlxnfx?n] lnPsf] csNkgLo kxn sbdL g]kfnsf] cfw'lgs Oltxf;n] slxn] b]v]sf] lyof]
< ;r]t / of]hgfj4 ?kn] d[To'nfO{ r'gf}lt lbb} 5fkfdf/b]lv sdf08/sf] ?kdf
csNkgLo ;xeflutf s;n] ;f]r]+sf] lyof] < ltdLnfO{ yfxf /x]g5, ju{ ljxLg ;dfh
ljgf
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ljxLg ;dfh agfpg lgtfGt cfjZos 5 . To;sf lglDt ltdL s'g} JolQmsf] k"hf/L geP/
juL{o o'4df ;dflxt eO xTof/f] zf;snfO{ w'nf] r6fP/ dfq d'lQm ;Dej 5 eGg] s'/f
ltdLnfO{ :ki6 kfg{ rfxG5' . ltdLn] lk5l8Psf nfvf} dlxnf clg ;j{xf/f ju{sf]
3fpdf dnd, r'nfdf cfuf] / clzIfLtnfO{ lzIff lbP/ b]z / b'lgof abNg' 5 . To;}n]
ltdL h:t} af6f] e'n]sf lbbL alxgL / bfh'efO{nfO{ cfÇgf] ufpF kmsL{ hgo'4df
nfdj4 x'g d oxL kq dfkm{t ljgd| cg'/f]w ub{5' .
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ul/;s]sf] 5 . zflGt jftf{s} gfddf kl5Nnf] k6s u7g ePsf] cfTd;dk{0fjfbL b/jf/Lof
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s'/f ub}{ d'n'snfO{ emg eLif0f u[xo'4lt/} ws]nL/x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f
;/sf/sf sfd sfjf{xLx?n] 5n{· kf/]sf] 5 . o;sf] kl5Nnf s8Lsf ?kdf hf/L sfnf]
cWofb]z / g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf yk tLg pRr :t/Lo g]tfx? dfly hf/L u/fOPsf]
OG6/kf]nsf] /]8sg{/ gf]l6; xf] .
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hgtfsf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5 . t/ of] s'/f kmf;LjfbL ;Qfsf] cfo' nDJofp“b} cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfb tyf ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf bnfn, e|i6, sldzg
vf]/x?sf], :jfledfgL, b]zeQm tyf qmflGtsf/L Gofok|]dL g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ em'Sofpg
/lrPsf] hfn dfq xf] eGg] s'/f ;/sf/sf lqmofsnfkn] g} k|:6 kf/]sf] 5 .
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-Table Talk_’ ug{ tof/ /x]sf] s'/f ;d]t pgLx?n] elg/x]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/ eg]
rf}tkmL{ ?kdf jftf{sf] 9\jfª\ km'Sb} ;fd|fHojfb tyf lj:tf/jfbsf] s7k'tnL ag]/
d'n'snfO{ cem} eLif0f u[xo'4lt/} ws]Nb} cfd zf]lift–kLl8t g]kfnLx?sf] sTn]cfd
ub}{ eLif0f cfqmd0fsf] tof/Ldf h'6]sf] s'/f dfly pNn]lvt sfnf] cWofb]z Pj+ /]8
sg{/ gf]l6; k|s/0fn] k|:6 kfb}{g / <
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;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ eg]/ nfu]sf] Pdfn] ;/sf/ u7g ePsf] ^ dlxgf k'Ug nfUbf klg
xfn;Dd dfcf]jfbLsf] ;Dks{ ;"q ;d]t
km]nf kfg{ ;s]sf] 5}g . k'/fgf] ;Qf;“u b'j} k6s t];|f] r/0f;Dd jftf{df hf“bf,
bf];|f] jftf{sfndf kl5Nnf] k6ssf] kl5Nnf] r/0fdf klg lgMzt{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf]
r'gfjdf xnf] c8\s]/ km]l/ hgo'4lt/} kms]{sf] kf6L{ xfn /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf]
klxnf] of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] ;a}df ljlbt} 5 . cj cfP/ ;Dk"0f{ ;fj{ef}d
;Qf hgtfdf lgxLt x'g] zt{df dfq ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfjdf efu lng ;lsg] s'/fdf
kf6L{ b[9 /x]sf] s'/f dfcf]jfbLn] af/Djf/ JoQm ul//x]sf] 5 . ;+;bjfbL kf6L{sf
g]tfx?, k|j'4 a'l4hLjLx?, kqsf/x?, gful/s ;dfh cflbsf ljrf/x? / cfd hg;d'bfosf]
efjgfnfO{ ljrf/ ubf{ d'n's ;+ljwfg ;efdo ePsf] 5 eGbf cTo"lQm x'“b}g t/
;/sf/ eg] zflGt jftf{sf] xnf] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfjd} c8\sfP/ al;/x]sf] 5 .
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