cfwf;+;f/

cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj; / k|r08ky

;/nf /]UdL  

    k|r08ky g]kfnL qmflGtsf] df}lnstfdf / ljZj qmflGt / k|ltqmflGtsf] leif0ftfsf] aLrdf hlGdPsf] ljrf/ >[+vnf xf] . ;'wf/jfbL–;+zf]wgjfbL lj/f;taf6 g]kfnL dxfg\ hgo'4nfO{ oxf“;Dd Nofpg] qmddf ljZj ;j{xf/fju{, pTkLl8t If]q, hflt, lnË cyjf ;Dk"0f{ zf]lift kLl8t hg;d'bfosf] ;]jf ug]{, bx|f] cfTdflge{/ / :jfledfgL agfpg] k|r08ky ;j}sf] cfsif{0f, cf8 e/f];f / cfzfsf] s]Gb|ljGb' aGg k'u]sf] 5 . cfhsf] ;fd|fHojfbL bfbf cd]l/sfn] x/]s JolQm / /fi6«dfly zf]if0f nflb/x]sf] of] l:yltdf x/]s k|lts'ntfnfO{ cg's'ntfdf abNb} cGt/lj/f]wsf] ;xL ;[hgf, klxrfg / kl/rfngsf] j}1flgs k|of]usf] cfwf/df ljsl;t k|r08ky, qmldstfsf] ;+zf]wgjfbL ?emfgsf] lj?4 ;r]t kxn, wSsf, 5nfË, qmde+u, dxfljklQsf] cjwf/0ffsf] k|of]uzfnf g} g]kfnL hgo'4 ljZjs} cfwf/ If]q ag]/ cfzf / ljZjf;sf] w/f]x/ eP/ ljZj k|lts[ofjfbsf lj?4 Ps kl5 csf]{ ljhosf ;fy cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . of] xfd|f] ju{sf] nflu uf}/jsf] s'/f xf] .

    cem oxf“ uDeL/tfk"j{s dgg ug'{kg]{ s'/f s] 5 eg] dfS;{–n]lgg–dfcf] x'“b} oxf“;Dd k'Ubf dlxnfx?sf k|fKt ePsf clwsf/ km]l/ Ps k6s u'Dg k'u]sf 5g\ . oltj]nf ?;, rLgsf dlxnfx? ;fd|fHojfbsf] gfkmf ;f]xf]g]{ ;fwgsf ?kdf k|of]u ul/P . dlxnfx? ;+;f/e/L ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf] u7aGwgdf v]nf}gf agfP/ cToGt} pTkLl8t hLjg ljtfO/x]sf] of] l:yltdf km]l/ klg ljb|f]xsf] em08f p7fpg k|r08kyn] ;Dk"0f{ d'lQmsfdL dlxnfx?nfO{ cfXjfg ul//x]sf] 5 . k|'wf]n] dlxnfnfO{ pko'Qm :yfg eg]sf] r'nf], rf}sf sf]7f g} xf] eg]/ dlxnfsf] lj?4df e|d 5l//x]s} a]nf ;j{xf/f ju{sf u'? sfn{ dfS;{n] dlxnfx? r'nf] rf}sf 5f]8]/ snsf/vfgf / ;fdflhs sfo{df efu lng ;s[o aGg' kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbb} eGg'eof]– ædxfg\ ;fdflhs kl/jt{gx? dlxnf ljb|f]x ljgf c;+ej 5g\ .Æ k|mf+;, j]nfot, cfo/n}08, O/fg, cd]l/sf, hd{gL nufotsf b]zx?df d]xgts; hgtfsf] 7'nf] Hjf/ef6f tof/ x‘'b} ;dfh cufl8 al9/x]sf] lyof] . Oª\n}08df b'O{ bzs b]lv ;g\ !*^& sf] ;dodf rl6{i6 cfGbf]ng, ;g\ !*^& df hd{gLsf] dhb'/ cfGbf]ngn] dtflwsf/ k|fKt ug{ ;kmn eof] . cd]l/sfdf bf; ljb|f]x cfGbf]ng, cfo/n}08df :jflwgtf ;+u|fd, o'/f]kdf * 306f >d nufot y'k|} ;fdflhs cfGbf]ngx?df nfvf}+ dlxnf ;xefuL eP . r'nf] rf}sfaf6 snsf/vfgfdf dlxnfx? cfpg ;kmn eP / cGo clwsf/ k|fKt ug{df ;kmntfx? k|fKt u/] . dlxnfx?sf] of] pkl:ylt / ;s[oftfaf6 cft+lst ePsf /fhg}lts kf6L,{ ju{;+3if{sf lj/f]wL k|'wf]n] dlxnfx?sf] lj?4df clwe'tjfbsf] jsfnt ug{ k'u] . !*cf}+ ztfAbLsf] z'?jft b]lv ;fdGtjfb, k'hLjfbsf] bf}8fxfdf cufl8 a9]sf] k|mfG;, hd{gLnufot o'/f]lkog b]zx?df dhb'/x? cfGbf]ngdf cToflws ?kdf dlxnfx?, cfkm\gf xs clwsf/sf] nflu cfkm\gf ;fgf–;fgf gfgLx? af]s]/ r'nf] rf}sfaf6 ha snsf/vfgf / ;8sx?df, x8\tfnx?df, h'n';x?df, ljb|f]xx?df ;xeflu eP . log} dhb'/ cfGbf]ngsf] cfwf/df ;j{xf/fju{sf u'? dfS;{ P+u]N;n] !*^$ df cGt/f{li6«o d]xgts; hgtfsf] ;+3sf] :yfkgf ug'{ePsf] lyof] . To; ;+u7gnfO{ k|yd cGt/f{li6«o elgof] .

    u'? sfn{ dfS;{n] Tof] dhb'/ cfGbf]ngsf] w/ftndf dhb'/x?sf] 5'§} ;+u7gsf] cfjZostfsf] dx;'; ug'{ eof] . /, ;+;f/sf dhb'/ Ps xf} eGb} dhb'/ cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg h'6\g' eof] . o;sf t/Ëx? k]l/; nufot y'k|} 7f+px?df /xg uP . k]l/;df &@ lbg;Dd dhb'/x?n] ;fd'lxs ;Qf klg rnfpg ;kmn eP . Toxf“ klg dlxnfx?sf] e"ldsf / ;xeflutf pTs[i6 /Xof] . log} dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] w/ftndf ;g\ !**( ;Dddf snf/f h]6\sLg, /f]hf h:tf dlxnf g]t[x? hlGd;s]sf lyP . To;}n] t dlxnfx?nfO{ xs clwsf/sf] nflu ;g\ !**( df cfof]lht cGt/f{li6«o >dLs dlxnf ;Dd]ngsf] d+raf6 g} snf/f h]6\sLgn] æk'?if ;/x ;dfg clwsf/Æsf] cfjfh p7fOg\ . o;n] d'lQmsfdL dlxnfx?nfO{ ;zQm agfpb} nUof] . o;} aLrdf lj36g ePsf] k|yd cGt/fli6«o kl5 ;g\ !*&^, !*&& / !**( df cd]l/sf, OËn}08, hd{gL, k|mfG;df /]Nj] cfGbf]ng, 8f“s dhb'/ cfGbf]ng, sf]Onf vfgL dhb'/ cfGbf]ngx?, * 306fsf] >d sfo{, ;dfg Hofnf / dtflwsf/sf] dfu;lxt dxfg\ x8\tfnx?sf Hjf/ef6fx?n] dhb'/ ;+u7g dfq geP/, dlxnf >lds ;+u7gsf] ;d]t k|z:t cfwf/x? tof/ ul/;s]sf] lyof] . o;} w/ftndf dfS;{sf] b]xfj;fgkl5 P+u]N;sf] kxndf ;g\ !**( df bf]>f] cGt/f{li6«o u7g ug'{ eof] . To;df /f]hf, snf/f h]6sLg klg x'g'x'GYof] .

    ;g\ !()& df hd{gLsf] :6«gf8fdf k|yd cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf ;Dd]ngn], snf/f h]6\sLgnfO{ ;]qm]6/Ldf lgjf{lrt u¥of] . ;f] ;Dd]ngsf dfux?df gful/s clwsf/, ;dfg sfdsf] ;dfg Hofnf, dtflwsf/sf] :jtGqtf, !* 306f >d zf]if0fnfO{ * 306fsf] >d sfo{, ;'Ts]/L ljbf, afn >d zf]if0fsf] cGTosf] nflu dlxnfx? ljleGg r/0f pkr/0fsf ?kx?åf/f cfGbf]lnt eP . ;g\ !*&! sf] k]l/; sDo'g, ;g\ !()% sf] ?;L c;kmn km/j/L qmflGt, ;g\ !()( sf cd]l/sfdf dlxnfx?sf] nfvf}sf 7'nf–7'nf x8\tfn / ljzfn lj/f]w h'n'z / * dfr{df k|bz{g eP . o;n] dlxnfx?nfO{ y'k|} clwsf/ lb+b}, cfTdlge{/, bf]>f] bhf{sf] gful/s agfpg] zf;sx? Pskl5 csf]{?kdf em'Sb} k/f:t x'b} uP . o;n] ;Dk'0f{ d'lQmsfdL dlxnfx?nfO{ emg} pT;flxt agfpb} nUof] . cfkm\gf] cfGbf]ng hf/L /fVb} To;}sf] aLraf6 ;g\ !(!) df 8]gdfs{sf] sf]k]g x]u]gdf !& b]zx?sf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutfdf ;DkGg bf]>f] cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj;sf] ?kdf ;+;f/el/ dgfpg] k|:tfj kfl/t u/L ;g\ !(!! b]lv o;sf] z'?jft x'b} cfPsf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o cfGbf]ngsf] ultdf dlxnf g]t[ /f]hf, snf/f, h]gL, qmK:sfo, ofªsfO{ x'O{, lrofª lrªx?nfO{ hGdfpb}, x'sf{pb} cufl8 a9\b} uO/x]sf] 5 . o;/L dlxnfx? k|yd ljZj o'4 -;g\ !(!$–!*_ df ljZjzflGt :jtGqtfsf] nflu xltof/x?sf] xf]8jfhL aGb ug'{kg]{, x:tIf]k /f]Sg' kg]{ dfux? /fVb} 86]/ lj/f]w u/] . ;g\ !(!& sf] ?;L cS6f]j/ qmflGtdf nfvf}+ dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf / ;dy{gdf d:sf]df ljzfn h'n'zx? eP . dlxnf cfGbf]ngaf6 cft+lst lx6n/, d';f]lngLsf] ædlxnfx? r'krfk r'nf]df kms{Æ sf] lj?4df O6fnL, ?; nufot y'k|} b]zx?df 7'nf–7'nf lj/f]w k|bz{gx? ul/P . o;n] lx6n/, d';f]lngL h:tf kmfl;i6x?nfO{ w'nf] r6fpg dfq ;kmn ePgg\ dlxnfx?n] cj;/ kfP eg] ;f/f aGwg r'8fNg ;S5g\ eGg] b]vfof] . ;j} sfd / s'/fx? ug{ ;S5g\ eGg] klg k'li6 u/] . dlxnfx?dfly nflbPsf aGwgx? lrb}{ cfkm\gf] d'lQmdf h'6\g cfXjfg u/] . ;+zf]wgjfb, cj;/jfb / dlxnfnfO{ gfkmfsf] s]Gb|df /fVb} Pp6f j:t' agfpg] ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 s= n]lggn] eGg'eof]– æha;Dd dlxnfx?nfO{ Pp6f :jtGq e"ldsfdf NofOb}g\, ;fdfGo /fhg}lts hLjgdf dfq xf]Og, t/ k|To]s b}lgs sfd hf] ;a}sf] nflu clgjfo{ 5, ta;Dd ;dfhjfbsf] s'/f t s], k"0f{ / :yfoL hgjfbsf] s'/f ug'{ klg jflxoft x'g] 5 .Æ cem cufl8 hf]8 lbb} eGg'eof]– ægf/L dfq s]jn k'?ifsf] kTgL xf]Ogg\, pgL /fhg}lts sfo{stf{ klg x'g\ .Æ ;g\ !(#(–$$ ;Ddsf] bf]>f] ljZj o'4sf] lj?4 lrlgof dlxnfx? l;Ëf] gof“ hgjfbL qmflGtdf ;xefuL x'“b} n8]sf lyP . leotgfdL dlxnfx? leotgfd :jtGqtfsf] nflu xfO{6]s / nf]6]ssf] k|ljlwåf/f ;zQm ?kn] ;fd|fHojfbsf] lj?4df h'6]sf lyP . ;g\ !(%@ df ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] dlxnfx?sf] /fhg}lts clwsf/ ;DalGw dxf;GwL kfl/t u/L !(&@–&% nfO{ æcGt/f{li6«o dlxnf aif{Æ elg /fi6« ;+3sf] dxf;efn] 3f]if0ff u¥of] . ;g\ !(&( df km]l/ dlxnf lj?4 x'g] ;j} k|sf/sf e]befj pGd'ng ljifos dxf;lGw kfl/t u¥of] . ljZjdf ;+zf]wgjfbL h;n] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf] d'6'df 5b\d ?kdf 5'/f w:5, lt ;a} k|sf/sf ;+zf]wgjfbL ;f/df k|ltqmflGtsf/Lx?sf] lj?4 ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfox? nufot d'lQmsfdLx?nfO{ k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg / qmflGtnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg cfkm\gf xs clwsf/sf] /Iff ug{ dfcf]n] cfXjfg ug'{ eof] . /, hf]8 lbb} eGg'eof] æljb|f]x ug'{ clwsf/ xf] .Æ o;}sf] lgb]{zgdf ljZj qmflGtnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg pknlAwsf] /Iff ug{ !) aif{;Dd dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] g]t[Tj ug'{eof] . nfvf}+ s/f]8f}+ hg;d'bfonfO{ ju{ /x‘bf;Dd lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf nflu lgb]{zg lbg'eof] . To;sf] /Iffsf] nflu Rofª r'ª rfcf], lrofª lrª / lrlgof hgtfx? clGtd;Dd nl8/x] .

    cfh * dfr{sf] Tof] ul/dfdo, uf}/jk"0f{ Oltxf;dfly jh|kft ePsf] 5 . ;g\ !((% df j]OlhËdf ePsf] slyt cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf ;Dd]ngn] ;'Gb/L k|ltof]lutf, dlxnfnfO{ lzIff, o:t} o:t} gfddf dlxnfnfO{ bf]>f] bhf{sf] gful/s, lg/Lx r'nf] rf}sf]df ;Lldt agfpg k|f]T;flxt ul//x]sf] 5 . dlxnfx?nfO{ lg/Lx / sdhf]/ agfpb}, * dfr{sf] ul/dfdo Oltxf;nfO{, ;]ldgf/, uf]i7L, dgf]/~hg, e]63f6, ;f8L kfp8/, lnlkli6s,  r'/f, kf]t], uxgfdf nu]/ cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj; * dfr{nfO{ lj;f{pg] b'Z;fx; s[li6gf /f]sf, a]gLhL/ e'§f], j]ud vlnof lhof, ;f]lgof ufGwL, ;]v x;Lgf, ;'l;nf :jf/ nufotn] ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf] h'7f]k'/f] rf6]/ To;}sf] dftdf dlxnf d'lQmsf] b'xfO{ lbO/x]sf 5g\ . j]gLhL/, j]ud, ;]vx? dlxnfsf] /ut kl;gf n'l6/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx?n] O:nflds -d'l:nd_ cbfntn] j}jflxs ;DaGw pn+3g u/L ue{jtL ePdf, dlxnfx?n] d[To'b08 kfpg' kg]{ sfg'gsf] ;+/If0f ul//x]sf 5g\ . Tof] 3'D6f] / sfg'g pgLx?nfO{ slxNo} nfUg ;Sb}g . ;fd|fHojfbsf] h'7f]k'/f] vfP/ dlxnfsf] d'lQm / clwsf/ dfly s'Nrg], dlxnfx?sf] k|fs[lts u'0fx? dfly d[To'b08 lbbf ;d]t, k6Ss} g5'g] lt ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf c;n /vf}6Lx? x'g\ . ltgLx?nfO{ clwsf/ 5}g– cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj;sf] gfd lng . slyt lzIff / 3'D6f]sf] asfnt u/]/ dlxnfx?sf] k|ltlglwTj ug{ ;Sb}gg\ lt lxh8fx?, h;n] dlxnfx?sf] kL8fsf] cg'e'tL ug{ / b]Vg ;Sb}gg\ . oltj]nf lqmli6gf, ;';Lnf, ;f]gLof nufot dlxnfx?, xltof/ xf]Og ;'Gb/L k|ltof]lutf, clwsf/ xf]Og kfpsL bf;L, snsf/vfgfdf xf]Og gUg k|bz{g / r'nf] rf}sfdf h'6fpg] cleofgdf nflu k/]sf 5g\ .

    @)!^ lj=;+ b]lv lg/Gt/ ?kdf g]kfnL dlxnfx?sf] >lds dlxnf lbj; -* dfr{_ r'nf] rf}sfsf] aGwgsfaLraf6 hlGdPsf] xf] . snsf/vfgfsf] zf]if0f, xTof, n'6, anfTsf/, cGofo, cTofrf/sf] aLraf6, lt >lds dlxnfx?sf] aLraf6 hlGdPsf] xf]– >lds dlxnf lbj; . 7'nf–7"nf eJo dxnaf6 ;'v ;}onaf6, lrNnf sf/x?af6, lnlkli6s / ;f/Laf6 hlGdPsf] x}g . a? of] t ltgsf] lyrf]ldrf] / c;dfgtf aLraf6, cf“;' /ut k;Lgfsf] ;+ud xf] –cGt/f{li6«o >dLs dlxnf lbj; -* dfr{_ . To;}n] tL ;fdGtjfb, ;fd|fHojfbsf 8n/x?df xfd|f] Kof/f] b]z / xfd|f] ;fgnfO{ a]Rg] tL u2f/x?nfO{ clwsf/ 5}g . To;sf] lj/f]wdf, cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj;sf] ul/dfnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg xs clwsf/sf] /ftf] em08fnfO{ bx|f];+u kqmb} cem dfly p7fpg km]l/ k]? x'b} g]kfn nufot ;+;f/e/L d'lQmsfdL, >lds dlxnfx? cufl8 al9/x]sf 5g\ . ($cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj; -* dfr{_ n] o; aif{ klg, uf]nf af?b, aGb'ssf] aLraf6 ljb|f]xsf] /f“sf] ;NsfO/x]sf 5g\ . /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0f / ;fd|fHojfbL x:tIf]kaf6 b]zsf] /Iff ug]{, / dlxnf xs clwsf/sf] ;'/Iffsf] Uof/]06L ug{, ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ ljZjjf6} k/f:t ug{, ;Dk"0f{ zf]lift kLl8t hg;d'bfo;+u xftdf xft / sf“wdf sf“w hf]8\b} g]kfn aGbsf] cfXjfgsf] ;fy cufl8 al9/x]sf 5g\ .

    cfhsf] lj1fg k|r08ky, dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] lj1fgsf] ljsl;t ?k xf] . /, yk k|of]usf] k|of]uzfnf klg xf] . of] k|r08ky / g]kfnL dxfg\ hgo'4, o;nfO{ ljsf; ug]{ qmddf, k|r08kyn] dlxnfnfO{ ;dfg clwsf/sf] nflu af]ln/x]sf] 5 . æqmflGt ;kmn kfg{ dfq xf]Og, k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg klg g]t[TjbfoL c+udf %) k|ltzt dlxnfx? Nofpg' k5{ .Æ cfh ;fdGtjfbL / ;fd|fHojfbLx?n] dfS;{jfbsf] c;kmntfsf] xf}jf lk6]/ dlxnfx?, hghfltx?, blntx? b]zeQmx?, hgtflGqs JolQmTj / zlQmx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] sfj'df lng / ;+;f/s} zlQmzfnL bfbf aGg] h'g ;kgf b]v]sf 5g\ Tof] b':jKg / e|d dfq xf] . To;sf lj?4 k|r08kyn] @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] bl/nf] emfk6 lbPsf] 5 . dlxnfx?nfO{ lbPsf] h:tf] u/]/ d'v y'Gg], ;fd|fHojfbL gLltsf lj?4, k|r08kyn] k'/f 9f]sf v'Nnf u/]/ g]kfnL dxfg\ hgo'4nfO{ j}1flgs k|of]uzfnfdf ?kfGt/0f ug{ xfd kmfn]sf] 5 . ;fdGtjfb–;fd|fHojfbsf] r+u'nsf] 3]/faf6 cfTdlge{/ aGg, xs clwsf/ k|fKt ug{, To;sf] /Iff ug{, cem cufl8 eGg'kbf{ clwsf/ k|flKtsf] nflu ljb|f]x ug{ / k|flKt kl5 /Iff ug{ k|r08kyn] clwsf/ / st{Jo b'j} s'/f lj1fgåf/f lbg] / dlxnfx?n] lng] s'/fsf] cGt/;DaGw uf9f /x]sf] s'/f :ki6 5 . k|r08ky / dlxnf d'lQm gË / df;' h:t} 5'§\ofpg} g;lsg] åG4fTds ;DaGw 5 . dlxnf, hghflt pTkLl8t, /fi6«, blnt, If]q gx'g' eg]sf] k|r08ky nË8f] x'g' xf] eg], k|r08ky gx'g' eg]sf] dlxnf d'lQmsf] @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] cf“vf gx'g' xf] . To;}n] dlxnf d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf cGwsf/ / pHofnf]sf] ;DaGw g} k|r08ky / pTkL8g d'Qmsf] ;DaGw xf] . @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] cf“vf gx'g] xf] eg], Tof] cufl8 a9\g} ;Sb}g, Tof] uf]nrSs/af6 lgif]wdf hfg] s'/f k|i6 5 .

    cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj; -* dfr{_ eg]sf] Tof] cf“vf klg xf], / v'§f klg xf]  lsgeg], To;df dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] k|of]udf ljlwsf lzIffx? 5g . lt cfkm}df lj1fgdf cfwfl/t klg 5g\ . o;nfO{ wSsf lbg] k|s[ofdf k|r08kyn] j}1flgs k|of]udf cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . k|r08kyn] dlxnf d'lQmsf tLg c:q kf6L{, ;]gf / ;Qfdf dlxnf ;xeflutfnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . o;n] /fhgLlts ;Qf afx]s ;a} yf]s e|d xf]df hf]8 lbG5 . /, ;dfg /fhgLlts clwsf/sf] nflu hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . cfly{sdf– k"0f{ :jfldTjdf cfwfl/t k"0f{ clwsf/df hf]8 lbG5 eg], ;+:s[ltdf–?9Ljfb tyf ;fdGtL 5f8fjfb ;+:s[lt lj?4 wfjf af]Ng] clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 . To;}n] g} ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb lj?4df ($cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj; -* dfr{_sf] u'bL s'/f lglxt /x]sf] 5 . m