zxLbufyf
slxNo} em'Sg ghfg]sf] d'lQm of]4f s= nf]rg
;jLg
;xof]uL
cxf] † ;Dembf
klg d'6' 9Ss km'N5, :g]xn] a]ujfg :kGbg 6Ss cl8G5, sxf“–sxf“ p8]sf] dg bu'b}{
k'gM ToxL 7Ss/ vfg k'U5 clg a]va/ g}/f:o efjgfdf kms{G5 . d oxf“ s;}sf]
k|z+;f ul//x]sf] 5'Og . s;}sf] u'0fufg / avfg dfq zAbdf sly/x]sf]
5'Og . dnfO{ nflu/x]5 of] snd cfkm} rln/x]sf] 5 . d dfq ;xf/f
lbO/x]sf]5' o;nfO{ . cflv/ d klg h] eof], h] o;n] l;sfof], h'g tYo xf] lbg
sGh':ofO{ gu/L ;a't cf]sNg /f]xa/ dfq ag]sf] 5' . lgs} uf}/k"j{s
lgofN5', 3f]lTnG5' / lgwf/ v'DRofp5' d]/f] dfg;k6ndf Oltxf;sf ;d:t s8Lx? cfP/
hf]l8G5, cznL u'?x? h;n] cfºg} /utn] n]v]sf hLjgsf ef}ltsjfbL kl/efiffx?sf]
emns cfp“5 . dnfO{ cfºg} ljlzi6tfdf x/fpg dg nfU5 . kfp“5' l;km{ dfG5]x?sf]
tYox? dfq ToxLaf6 ;To vf]H5' km]/L klg ToxL kfp“5' . ljZjsf s'g} klg
s'gfsf c;nL qmflGtsf/Lx?n] dfq k9]sf 5g\, kfPsf 5g\ / l;sfPsf 5g\ .
s= uf]Ghf]nf];“u
æs= tkfOnfO{ d[To'b]lv 8/ nfUb}g .Æ elg Ps kqsf/åf/f ;f]lwPsf] k|Zgsf]
æhf] dflg; ;a} lx;fan] ;j{xf/f 5 p;“u u'dfpg] eGg] a:t' g} xTs8L l;jfo s]xL
x'“b}g eg] p d[To'b]lv slQ klg 8/fp“b}g .Æ elg lbPsf] pQ/ k9\bf klg ToxL
b]V5' . cem cufl8 a9]/ s= dfcf]n] æTofu, tk:of, jL/tf / jlnbfgL efjgfn]
cf]tk|ft xf]p, d[To' t ;fdfGo 36gf dfq xf] .Æ eGg] cls+t på/0f
kN6fp“5' . ta d[To'sf] d'Noaf]w a9\b} hfG5 d]/f] d[To' k|Zgsf]
lh1f;fdf . ;a}sf ;a}–;a} d[To'x?sf] lrxfgx? rfxf5'{ sf]xL slt xn'sf5g\,
s+xL To;}–To;} xfjfdf Kjf“v em}+ pl8/x]sf 5g\ . lj/n} lrxfgx? e]§fp5' t/
ce"tk"j{ csNkgLo ?kdf ljzfn e"–efu cf]u6]sf] kfp“5' . p7fpg
vf]H5' Ps c+z klg xftn] cf]u6\g ;Qm}g . k9\g yfN5' slxNo} k9]/
;lsb}g . d To;}–To;} /dfp“5' of] ;a}nfO{ g]kfnL o'4 ;+:s[lt lt/ / To;n]
u/]sf] ljsf;sf] 5nf¨nfO{ b[li6ut u5'{ hxf“ kfp“5' cu|k+lQmdf s= lbnaxfb'/
/Dt]n, s= jfz', s= nf]rgnufotsf] jL/ k'?if / jL/f+ugfx? cflv/ sxf“af6 l;h{gf
x'G5 Toqf] cbDo ;fx; < ToxL o'4 ;+:s[ltaf6 hxf“ xhf/f}+ dflg;x? uj{ ;fy
xf“;L–xf“;L qmflGt / ;+:s[ltaf6 hu]gf{ / ljsf;sf vflt/ d[To'a/0f
u5{g . ToxL /x]5 nf]rg . /, d
klg ToxL dfUb}5' u'?x?af6 a/bfg cflv/ jxf“x?n] h] kfpg' eof] / gof“ cfsfzdf
ljlzi6 cl:tTjsf ?kdf pbfpg' eof] . d oxf“ ToxL cu|hsf] kf7 k9\b}5' Toxf“sf
cg's/0fLo of]ubfgsf] uLt af/Daf/ 3f]ls/x]5' clg jxf“n] k|bfg ug'{ ePsf]
qmflGtsf] kf/L–kf/L ;Dd b]lvg] b'/ b[li6k"0f{ nf]rgsf] IFdtf /fVg] :yfg
vf]Hb}5' . ;fob ljBdfg g]kfnL ;dfh s;}sf]] b[li6 lIFtLh kf/L 5}g .
kf“ry/ lhNnf
;'ef¨ ufh; sf] # g+= df lj=;= @)#& c;f/ !$ ut] lktf ofdgfy vgfn / dftf
b|f]kbf vgfnsf] e|'0faf6 of]u]z vgfn -s= nf]rg_ sf] hGd ePsf] lyof] .
;Gtfgdf % efO{ dWo] sf‘Onf efO{ of]u]z dftfsf] oy]i6 ddtf kfp“bf kfp“b} klg
kfl/jf/s / ;fdflhs pTkL8gsf] lzsf/ aGb} cfpg' eof] . kl/jf/sf h]i7 AolQmTj
/ ;dfhdf tTsflng ;Qfl;gx?sf] clws af]njfnf /x]sfn] z};jsfnb]lv g} ;f] /fhg}lts
/ ;fdflhs c;dfgtfsf] hudf To;sf] lj/f]wdf Gofo / :jtGqtfsf] ulx/f] efjgf ljsl;t
x'“b} cfof] . kl/jf/leqsf] cfk;L cGt/snx / ljdtLx?sf] cGtlj{/f]ws} afjh'b
cfdfsf] Gofgf] dfofdf x's]{/ tf]t] af]nLdf s v k9\g] pd]/ d} ;a} efjgf
s'G7\ofP/ kl/jf/sf] tfk Tofu]/ ;f]xL lhNnfs} of;f]s ufh;sf] Ps ;fdGt kl/jf/df
uf]7fnf]sf] leIFf dfu]/ k|f/lDes kf7zfnfdf k9\g hfg' kg]{ eof] tyflk afn r]tgf
ls~rLt ljrlnt geO{ To; ;dfhdf ljBdfg hftLo ?l9ut lje]btf / lrGtgsf] lj?4 ;+3if{
ub}{ lbgrof{ u'hfg'{ hf] s;}sf] a'tf eGbf aflx/sf] s'/f xf] . lgd'vf afns
g xf] k/fO{sf] dfof kfpg t 6f9fsf] s'/f lyof] bofn] ;d]t k9\g] cj;/ vf]:b} uP
kl5 k'gM cfºg} 3/df uO{ pRr df=lj= ;Ddsf] cWoog s7f]/ ;+3if{sf aLraf6 k'/f ug'{
eof] . afnssfnb]lv g} cToGt} tLI0f a'l4 / ljb|f]xL :jefjsf of]u]z ;dfhdf
h/f uf8]/ a;]sf ljs[lt, lj;+ult / /fO{ bfO{sf lj?4 s]xL u/f}+ eGg] efjgf
hfUg'sf cnfjf kmf]xf]/L /fhgLltn] hj/h:t ;dfhdf yf]k/]sf] aGb'ssf] r'/Lkm'/L
aGb's p7fP/ g} ;dfKt kfg'{ k5{ eGg] efjsf ;fy @)%!–)%@ b]lvg} ljBfyL{ ;+u7gdf
/xL h'emf? ;+3if{ ug{ yfNg' eof] . To;} u/L @)%@ af6 ;zQm / ;z:q ?kdf
;+rflnt hgo'4sf] k|efj kl5 dfq kg'{ / ;Dks{sf] sl8 ;dod} ghf]l8g'n] cGof}ndf
/xg' ePsf of]u]z )%& c;f/ % ut]af6 dfq k"0f{sfnLg eO{ ;lqmo ?kdf
/fhgLltdf sfd ub}{ cfpg' eof] . kf6L{ k+lQmdf s= nf]rg eg]/ jxf“ lrlgg'
x'GYof] eg] tTsfnLg pkAo"/f] cGt{ut ldlnl;of, :Sjfo8, sDkgL x'“b} lhNnf
kf6L{sf] lhNnf ;ldltdf;d]t sfd ug'{ eof] . ;+/rgfsf] lta|t/ km]/abn;“u
kL=Pn sld;f/ x'“b} kl5 @)^) c;f/b]lv k"jL{ sdf08 ;ftf}+ lj|u]8 !( cf}+
j6flnPg cGtu{t aL= sDkgL sld;f/sf] ?kdf sfo{/t x'g' x'GYof] . sDkgLdf
/x‘bf jxf“sf] ;lqmo e"ldsf /x‘b} cfPsf] ljlzi6 IFdtfnfO{ ;a}n] d'Qm s07n]
k|z+;f dfq ub}gy] clkt' /fhg}lts bIftfdf v8lsPsf] cefj t[Kttfdf ;f; km]g{
yfn]sf] kfp“by] . ;f/df o'4lj/fdn] clk|o emfk8 a]xf]b} uP klg o;sf]
3f]lift ;'qkft x'g af“sL g} lyof] . ;+u7gsf] ;'b[9 / ;+3if{sf] lj:tf/s}
lznlznfdf sDkgL of;f]s x'b}+ d]x]naf]6] k'u]sf] lyof] t/ Tof] sfnf] /ft s;nfO{
s] yfxf slta]nf s;nfO{ lgDtf] u/]sf] 5 . d]x]naf]6] af;Lx? of] /ft
qf;bLk"0f{ jftfj/0fdf s6fpg] 5g\ < af?b / w'jf“sf] s'O/f]df lg:;fl;g]
5g\ . ad / uf]nLsf] wdsfn] sxflng]5g\ . @)^) efb| ( ut] ;f“em &
jh] sDkgL tTsfn To;7fp“df :yfgt/0f x'“b} lyof] . Aoj:yfkg ;DaGwL k'/fk'/L
sfd gx'“b} ljzfn k}dfgfdf hDdf ePsf zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfn] Ps;fy 3]/f xfnL cfºg}
sfddf Jo:t hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] 6's8Ldfly cfsl:ds xdnf u5{g . le8Gt /fte/ h:tf]
eO{/xG5 . sld;f/ s= nf]rg s8fO{k"j{s sf;g ub}{ 6f]nLnfO{ n8fp“b}
l/6«L8 u/fp“b} x'g'x'GYof] .ækmfP/ P08 d'ed]G6Æ sf] kmf}hL lgod d'tfljs
sDkgLsf ;d:t sd/]8x? l/6«L8 eP/ ;'/lIFt :yfg tkm{ nfUof}+ . xfdLnfO{
cToGt} v'nb'nL eO/x]sf] lyof] lsg sL cem} w]/} sd/]8x? cf/=eL=df k'lu;Sg' ePsf]
lyPg . ljxfg ;a]/} eofjx 36gf:yntkm{ a'em\g uof}+ . ta dfq 1ft eof]
ls sld;f/ s= nf]rg, kL=Pn=eL=;L= s=Uof;nufot ^ hgf sd/]8x? uf]nL nflu le8Gtdf
zxLb x'g' eP5 . o;/L xfdLn] pxf“nfO{ arfp“g ;s]gf}+ . xfdL ;a} Ps k6s
zf]sljJxn t eof}+ g} oBlk zf]snfO{ zlQmdf ?kfGt/0f ub}{ abnfsf d'l¶ p7fof}+
;a}n] . cfºgf] ;d:t 6f]nLsf] /IFfsf] lgldQ cfb/0fLo sld;f/ s= nf]rgsf]
jL/tfk"0f{ jlnbfgLsf] pRr d'NofÍg ub}{ k|lt/f]wsf] gf/f hDdf u¥of}+ .
;+3if{n]
dflg;nfO{ slt ;Dd wfl/nf] / :kfltnf] agfp“5 eGg] s'/f jxf“sf] rl/q / :jefjaf6
klg k|of{Kt l;Sg ;lsG5 . ;fg}b]lv ;+3if{sf] e'd/Laf6 vfl/b} / dflem+b}
cfPsf] jxf“sf] hLjg kf6L{ k|j]z, b'O{nfOg ;+3if{df;d]t ljz]if pNn]Vo bVvn /fVg
;kmn ePsf] 5 . s;}sf] rfKn"';L / rfs8L s;}n] u/]sf] yf]kf] klg
g?rfpg] jxf“ kf6L{ ;+u7g / k4ltleq 6fpsf] p7fpg vf]Hg] lgDg k"“hLjfbL
vt/f, cj;/jfbL, o'4 ;/bf/jfbL nufot ;a} ;Defljt vt/f;“u h'w]/ cgj/t b'O{nfOg
;+3if{ub}{ y'k|} gsf/fTdsx?sf] lj/f]wsf] k|ltsfTds ?kdf :yflkt
x'g'x'GYof] . pkNnf] g]t[Tjb]lv tNnf] lgsfo;Dd ;dfg b[li6sf]0f /fVg] jxf“
cfºgf ;b:ox?sf] dgf]efjgf cGto{df;d]t k;]/ ;d]6\g] ug'{ x'GYof] . s'g} klg
;d:ofdf pTkGg cGof}n / csd{0otfsf] uf“7f] ;lhn} km'sfO{ lbg] k|efjzfnL
AolQmTjsf ?kdf w]/}xb;Dd cfkm'nfO{ lrgfpg' ePsf] 5 eGbf cTo'lQm gxf]nf .
n]vg, ;flxTo / /rgfdf ;d]t kfOnf rfNg' ePsf] jxf“n] snd dfkm{t s}of}+ e|dx?
dfly ltvf] k|xf/ ug{ ;Sg' x'GYof] . slxNo} nfIfL, sfo/, 5nsk6 / if8oGqsf
cleAolQm gug]{ dfq geP/ ;a};“u v'Nnf / :ki6sf] efiffdf af]Ng] / af]Ng kf7
l;sfpg] ug'{ x'GYof] . sl7g ;+3if,{ n8fO{, cfkt–ljktdf v'§f sdfpg]x?sf]
s8f e08fkmf]/ ug{ Ao+Uosf] efiff k|of]u ub}{ k|v/ / ;fx;L sd/]8x?sf] pRr
jL/tfnfO{ pRr zAbn] k|;+;f ub}{ Tof] af6 cg'ej lng] / lbg];d]t jxf“sf] afgL
lyof] . h] xf];\ jxf“sf] clwstd ;sf/fTds :jefjx?af6 kf7 k9\g s;n] kf]
dfGb}g xf]nf / †
o;/L ax'k|ltefsf
wlg AoltTj ef}lts ?kdf u'dfpg' kbf{ s;nfO{ kf] efjgfn] g5f]nf / † 1fg jfxs
d'xfgdf cfPsf] v8]/Ln] s;nfO{ kf] gkf]Nnf / † o;/L ljrf/ / efjgfaLrsf]
;DaGwnfO{ lgtfGt} s'zntfk"j{s ljZn]if0f ug]{ /fhg}lts cfsfzsf HjfhNodfg
tf/f PsfPs ef}lts hutaf6 c:tfp“bf IFl0fs cGwsf/ eP klg gj+ cfsfzdf pbfpg]
xhf/f}+ tf/fx?n] jxf“sf] Tof] of]ubfgnfO{ sbfkL cGwsf/ / cf]em]ndf kg{ glbg]
dfq xf]Og cltl/St nfvf}+nfO{ yk k|Hjlnt kfl//xg] klg 5g\ . pxf“sf] lrxfgdf
pd|g] xl/of] b'af]n] k/]sf] cefj / v8]/Ldf /lQe/ ljrlnt geO{ abnf efj /
cfqmf]zsf] jiff{ u/fO{ /xg] 5g\ . pj{/fe"ld g]kfnL df6f]df em/]sf]
jxf“sf] cw'/f] ;kgfnfO{ b[9tfk"j{s cfTd;fy u/]/ ;fy{stfdf k'¥ofpg x/bd
nflu kg]{5g= . jxf“n] la;fpg' ePsf] emf]nf / aGb's af]s]/ jxf“sf] af6f] lx+8\g
hf] sf]xL klg lxlRsrfpg] 5}gg\ . xf] oBlk xfdL uj{ ;fy eG5f}+ ef}lts hutdf
aflxl/Psf nf]rg ljrf/sf] ljzfnsfo cfsfzdf k|Hjlnt eP/ b[li6 af“l8/x]sf]
kfp“5f}+ . cfºg} /utn] cld6 ;fy ;'gf}nf] Oltxf;df c+lst u/]/ ljbfO x'g] s=
nf]rg ca xfdL ;a}n] zAbdf / cf“z'df xf]Og cfqmf]z, abnf efj / ju{j}/L lj?4sf]
n8fO{sf] ljhodf x]g'{ k5{ . xfdL ;a}n] oxL k|0f u/f}+ oxL ;+sNk u/f}+ /
nIodf cl3 a9f}+ . m