cGt/s[of sfo{qmd ;DkGg
hfh/sf]6 -df]8]n,
nx"_÷ hgo'4sf] aif{uf"7sf] k"j{ ;GWofdf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n]
cf7 aif{sf] pknAwL / If]tL tyf gjf}+ aif{df hgtfsf] Jofks ;xeflutf s] s;/L
agfpg] eGg] ljifodf cGt/s[ofTds sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . xfd|f ;Djfbbftfsf
cg';f/ e]=s= If]q cGt/ut df]8]n lhNnf e/L o:tf sfo{qmdx? y'k|} :yfgdf ug]{
of]hgf /x]sf] s'/f df]8]n OGrfh{ s= hLjgn] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
ut df3 @# ut] df]8]nsf]
nx"df Ps cGt/s[of sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . cGt/s[ofdf :yfgLo Jofkf/L,
a'l4hLjL, lzIfs, ls;fg, dlxnf tyf Pdfn], sf+u|]; ;dy{s JolQmx?sf] Jofks
;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
cGt/s[ofdf pkl:yt ;j}
JolQmx?n] hgo'4sf] cf7 aif{df kf6L{n] ljZjd} gof" lstL{dfg sfod u/]sf],
gof" ;Qf lgdf{0f ePsf], b'ZdgnfO{ cToGt} sdhf]/ l:yltdf k'¥ofpg ;kmn
/x]sf] wf/0ff JoQm u/]sf lyP . pQm sfo{qmdsf cltly df]8]n OGrfh{ Pj+ cf/=la=Pd=
s= hLjgn] æhgo'4sf] dxTjk"0f{ ;kmntf k|fb]lzs :jfoQ ;/sf/ u7g ug{ ;kmn
x'gfn] @!cf}+ ztfAbLdf dhb'/ju{n] km]/L ;Qf k|fKt u/]sf]Æ s'/f atfpg' eof] .
pxf"n] olta]nf kf6L{n] /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgfdf hfg yfn]sf]n] ca ;j}
hgtf clGtd ljb|f]xdf ;fd]n x'g cfXjfg ub}{ gd'gf ;Qfsf] lgdf{0f / ljsf;df
df]8]n lhNnfsf hgtfsf] dxTjk"0f{ / lg0ff{os e"ldsf /xg] s'/f klg
atfpg' eof] . pQm sfo{qmdsf csf{ cltly jQmf hgfb]z k|ltlglw kf08j yfkf
x'g'x'GYof] . pxf"n] cf7 aif{sf] pknAwLsf] rrf{ ub}{ hgo'4sf] 5f]6} ;dodf
dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf] k|of]u / ;d[4 ug]{ qmddf g]kfnsf] 7f]; l:yltdf
k|r08kysf] ljrf/ ;+Zn]if0f u/L dfn]dfjfbnfO{ cem gof" prfO{df p7fPsf]
atfpg' eof] .
pxf"n] k|r08ky ca
oyf:yfgdf 5}g of] cem dfly p7L ;s]sf] 5 eGg'x'"b} k|r08kysf s]xL
ljz]iftfx? ;jf{ef}d aGb} uPsf 5g\ eGg'eof] . /, o;nfO{ cem gof" zL/faf6
;+Zn]if0f ug'{ kg]{ lhDd]jf/L hgo'4sf] gjf}+ aif{ k|j]z;+u} kf6L{sf]
sf"wdf cfPsf] 5 eGg'eof] .
cGt/s[ofdf ;xefuL
lzIfsx?sf] Pp6} /fo lyof]– ca gof" hgjfbL lzIffsf] sfo{qmd s;/L lgdf{0f
ug]{ eGg] . lxhf]];Dd k|lts[ofjfbL ;Qf;+u hgjfbL lzIff nfu' u/ eg]/ cfGbf]ng
ug]{ au{sf] xftdf cfh :yfgLo :jfoQ ;Qf k|fKt ePsf] a]nf :yfgLo ;fwg /
>f]taf6 gof" hgjfbL lzIffsf] sfo{qmd agfO{ nfu' ug]{ r'gf}lt cfPsf] 5
eg]sf lyP .
o;}u/L ls;fg, a'l4hLjL
ju{sf] cfkm\g} juL{o k]zfut lrGtf lyof] . pgLx? ca ufp"df zxsf/Ls/0f,
s[lifdf j}1flglss/0f, ;'ne / ;/n jhf/ Joj:yf ldnfpg] af/] kf6L{sf] of]hgf x'g'
k5{ eGg] lyof] .
o;sf ;y} ljb|f]xsf]
gof" of]hgfdf Jofks hg;xeflutf h'6fpg ;j} tx / tKsfsf cu'jf g]t[Tjx?
nfUg'kg]{ / hgtf;+u Psfsf/ eO{ pgLx?sf] r]tgfnfO{ dfly p7fpg cfjZos ePsf] s'/f
cGt/s[of sfo{qmddf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] .
;f] sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng
nx" Pl/of ;qm]6/Ln] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] ;efkltTj Pl/of OGrfh{ s= d08nn]
ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd ! lbg rn]sf] lyof] .
yjfªsf] dlxnf kfs{ M Ps
snfTds gd'gf
;'dg uf}td
yjfª÷ )%@ ;fndf hgo'4 z'?
ePsf] Ps dlxgf kl5 ?s'dsf] sf"qmLdf xTof ul/g' ePsL wgdfof >]i7 g]kfnL
hgo'4sf] klxnf] dlxnf ;lxb x'g'x'G5 . pxf"sf] ;Demgfdf xfn ljz]if lhNnfsf]
yjfªdf ;'Gb/ kfs{ lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . dlxnfx?sf] of]hgf / ;s[otfdf ag]sf] of]
9'Ë] kfs{ ljz]if lhNnfsf] ;jeGbf /fd|f] gd'gf lgdf{0f xf] .
clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_ sf sfo{stf{ wgdfof >]i7 ;lxb x'"bf #@ aif{sL x'g'x'GYof] .
pxf"sf b'O{ 5f]/Lx? klg 5g\ . xfn ;lxb wgdfofsf] kl/jf/sf ;j} ;b:ox?
qmflGtdf ;s[o 5g\ . klZrd s]Gb|Lo sdf08 el/ rn]sf] PsLs[t hgk|lt/f]w cleofgsf]
;dfkg kl5 klg of] kfs{ lgdf{0f sfo{ hf/L lyof] . cleofgsf] ;dLIffsf] clGtd lbg
;Dd o;sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ eO/x\of] .
clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_
sL ljz]if lhNnf cWoIf aGb' rGbsf cg';f/ of] kfs{ lgdf{0fsf qmddf dfq @! hgf
dlxnfn] lgoldt sfd ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . aGb' rGb eGg'x'G5 –æPSsfO{; hgfn] lgoldt
9'Ëf af]Sbf w]/} af]lsg] /x]5 eGg] yfxf eof] .Æ of] ljzfn kfs{ / To;sf]
glhs}sf] d~rdf ;of}+ 6g 9'Ëf nfu]sf] 5 . of] kfs{ k'/} tof/ eO;s]sf] gePklg
xfn;Dd lgdf{0fdf vl6g] sflnu9sf nflu !^ xhf/ cf7;o ;Q/L ?k}of kfl/>lds vr{
ePsf] 5 . cg'dflgt krf; xhf/ nufgL eO;s]sf] cg'dfg 5 . t/, af"sL
hg>dbfgsf] lx;fj g} ul/Psf] 5}g . of] kfs{ Knfi6/ ug{, /+u/f]ug ug{, km'n /
b'jf] /f]Kg af"sL 5 . of] kfs{ ;hfj6sf] of]hgf klg dlxnfx?s} lhDdfdf 5 .
of] kfs{sf] d"n 9f]sf dfly xfn clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sf] dzfn
af]ls/x]sf] dlxnfsf] xft / tf/f c+lst /ftf] em08f kmx/fO{ /x]sf] x'G5 .
of] kfs{ agfpg] :yfg yjfª
g} lsg /f]lhof] t < dlxnf g]t[ aGb' rGb eGg'x'G5 –æju{ ;+3if{sf] qmddf
yjfªsf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ 5 . /, yjfªsf dlxnfsf] e"ldsf klg
dxTjk"0f{ .Æ PsLs[t hgk|lt/f]w cleofgsf qmddf dlxnfx?sf] If]qLo of]hgf
cg';f/ dlxnf pTkL8g d'Qm ufp" 5gf}6 ug]{ qmddf klg yjfªnfO{ 5gf}6 ul/Psf]
lyof] .
;aeGbf ;+of]usf] s'/f t s]
5 eg] hgd'lQm ;]gfn] h'Dnfsf] ;b/d'sfd vnËf dfly xdnf u/]sf] 7Ls Ps aif{ kl5
;f]xL lbg of] ;lxb kfs{sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ePsf] lyof] . @)^) sflt{s @* ut]
kfs{sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? x'"bf h'Dnf lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v uh]Gb| dxtn]
eGg'eof] –æd}n] o;sf] kmf]6f] lvr]sf] 5' . h'DnL dlxnfnfO{ b]vfpg] 5' . /, o:t}
gd'gf kfs{ xfdL Toxf" klg lgdf{0f ug]{ 5f}+ .Æ
dlxnf pTkL8g d'Qm gd'gf
ufp" yjfªdf sf]xL dlxnf klg ;+u7g aflx/ 5}gg\ . @@ aif{ nfdf] qmflGtsf/L
Oltxf; af]s]sf yjfªsf dlxnf – /fHo;Qf k|fKtL ;Dd nl8/xg] atfp"5g\ .
k/Dk/fut ?kdf cfly{s clwsf/ eg] oxf"sf dlxnfx?;+u 5"b} 5 . ca
/fhgLlts ?kdf klg dlxnfx? ;dfg lx:;]bf/ ePsf 5g\ . /, gof" sfdsf nflu
gof" of]hgfs]f dfu ub{5g\ . ;Lk cfbfg k|bfgdf lgk"0f{ 5g\ .
ljz]ifsf] dlxnf pTkL8g
d"Qm gd"gf ufp" yjf¨= hfg] ;j}n] oxf"sf dlxnfx?sf] jx'cfoflds sfd b]v]/ k|z+zf gu/L /xb}g .
yjf¨sf] dlxnf kfs{df pleP/ Ps dfcf]jfbL lj2fgn] eg]– oxf"sf dlxnfsf Jo:ttf
b]v]/ rLgsf] t'¨rL¨= hgsDo"gdf dlxnfn] k'?ifn] eGbf dxTjk"0f{ /
snfTds sfd u/]sf lyP .
hg ;f+:s[lts ;+3sf]
;Dd]ngdf xhf/f}+ hgtf pkl:yt
l;pgf -sflnsf]6_÷ æ;f+:s[lts pkef]ujfbL ;+:s[ltsf lj?4 h'emf? ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ng, gof" hgjfbL ;+:s[ltsf] kIfdf klxnf] lhNnf ;Dd]ngÆ eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;fy clvn g]kfn ;f+:s[lts ;+3 sfnLsf]6sf] k|yd lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf af]Nb} g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf ;]d If]qLo Ao'/f] ;b:o s= rGbgn] k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sg ;f+:s[lts qmflTt dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] pNn]v ub}{ xfdL k'lhjfbL / ;fdGtjfbL ;+:s[ltsf lj?4 hgjfbL ;+:s[lt lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{ s'/f atfpg' eof] .
;f] ;Dd]ngdf z'esfdgf lbb} sflnsf]6 lhNnf Gofo ljefu k|d'v s=
8fOdgn] snfsf/sf uLt / gfrx?n] dG5]df gof" t/+u k}bf ug]{ s'/f atfpb}
g]kfndf gof" ;Qf;+u} ;f+:s[lts qmflGtnfO{;+u} n}hfg] of]hgf ag]sf] s'/f
atfpg' eof] . pxf"n] k|frLg sfnsf o'4df ;d]t snfsf/x?nfO{ cufl8 nufpg]
u/]sf] Oltxf; atfpb} snfsf/sf w'g, uLt / :j/x?n] b'ZdgnfO{ sdhf]/ jgfpg /
of}4fx?sf] dgf]jn p7fpg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] s'/f atfpg' eof] .
To;}u/L z'esfdgf dGtAo lbb} sflnsf]6 lhNnf hg;/sf/ ;b:o
b]jgf/fo0f ;GHofnn] gof" ;Qf lgdf{0f ug]{ qmddf clvn g]kfn hg;f+:s[lts
;+3sf] ;Dd]ng e}/x]sf] / k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ xfd|f uLt / dfbnsf w'gx?n] r'gf}tL
lbO/x]sf] s'/f atfpg' eof] .
pQm ;Dd]ngdf z'esfdgf lbb}
lhNnf kf6L{ k|ltlglw s=lj/f6n] g]kfnL hgo'4 ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb lj?4
/fhgLlts, kmf}hL / ;f+:s[lts n8fO{x? n8\b} cfPsf] / ;dfhsf] kl/jt{gsf] nflu
;f+:s[lts qmflGt clt cfjZos ePsf] s'/f atfpg' eof] .
hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn
t]>f] lj|u]8sf k|ltlglw s= ljhon] cjsf] n8fO{ ;]gfn] dfq ug]{ geP/ /
;f+:s[lts sdL{ nufot hgjuL{o ;+u7gx?sf] ;fydf cfkm'x? /x]sf] atfpb} o'4n]
gof" ljsf; u/]sf] s'/f atfpg' eof] .
To;}u/L z'esfdgf dGtJo
lbb} d]xnd'8L uf=h=;=sf k|d'v xs{ P]/Ln] r'gf}tLx?nfO{ kf/ ub}{ of] cfGbf]ngn]
;fd|fHojfb;+u klg d'sfljnf ul//x]sf] / ;lxbsf] /utnfO{ cfTd;ft ug'{ kg]{ s'/f
atfpg' eof] .
;Dd]ng pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf
z'esfdgf lbb} hgfb]z ;fKtflxssf k|ltlglw z'e zdf{n] ;f+:s[lts qmflGtn] g}
gof" ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;f+:s[lts of}4fx?n] cfkm\gf uLt, dfbn gf6s,
g"frx?sf ;fy} e]if e'iff, af]nL rfnL /xgzxg / /LtL l/jfh, wd{ ;+:s[ltsf
af/]df gof" ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; ug{ kg]{ s'/f atfpg' eof] . pxf"n] cufl8
eGg'eof] –o'4n] ljsf; u/]sf] gof" ;+:s[lt ?kfGt/0fsf s'/fx? klqsf dfkm{t
/fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf k|rf/ k|;f/ ul/g' kb{5 .
pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf lhNnf
;f+:s[lts Knf6'g r'nL ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/, c?0f ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/, o'u ;f+:s[lts
kl/jf/ / e'sDk ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/åf/f aLr aLrdf ;f+:s[lts k|:t'lt ul/Psf] lyof] .
/ftf, sfnf, lgnf / ;]tf 8«];n] ;lhPsf snfsf/x?af6 k|:t't ul/Psf] g[To / uLtx?n]
;efnfO{ t/+lut agfPsf] lyof] .
s/La $)) k|ltlglw /
xhf/f}+ hg;d'bfo aLr ;+rfng ul/Psf] pb\3f6g ;df/f]xsf ;efkltTj dLgaxfb'/ /fjnn]
ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] ;~rfng g}gaxfb'/ lji6n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . lbn / lbdfunfO{
;Ifd agfP/ dfq aGb's ;dfpg ;lsg] ljrf/ JoQm ub}{ ;f+:s[lts aGb's af]s]sf] ljrf/
;j}n] af]Sg' kg]{ eGb} uLtf lji6n] :jfut efif0fåf/f :jfut ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
;Dd]ngsf] bf]>f] lbg s=
/0fjL/n] /fhgLlts k|lzIf0f lbg' ePsf] lyof] . aGb;];gn] ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ngsf]
b:tfj]h kf; ub}{ !! ;b:oLo clvn g]kfn hg;f+:s[lts ;+3 lhNnf ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5
. h;df cWoIf ldgaxfb'/ lji6 /xg' ePsf] 5 eg] pkfWoIf ;lrj / sf]iffWoIfdf qmdzM g}gaxfb'/
lji6,lutf lji6 / g'hf{ /f]sfof lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf] 5 eg] ;b:ox?df dg;/f lji6,
clgkfn s'"j/, cK;f/f ;xsf/L, /fdaxfb'/ a'9f, bdg/fh e08f/L, wd{/fh
Gof}kfg] / lblnk zfxL lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf] 5 .
;+3sf] 3f]if0ff ;ef ut df3
% ut] xhf/f}+ xhf/ hgtfsf] aLrdf sfnLsf]6sf] l;pgf ahf/df ;DkGg eof] . pQm
3f]if0ff ;efdf af]Nb} k|d'v cltyL s= /0fjL/n] ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ngn] hgtfsf]
aLrdf gof" ;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] s'/f
atfpg' eof] . To;}u/L csf{ cltyL jQmf c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sfnLsf]6 lhNnf cWoIf
lw/]Gb| pkfWofon] gj lgjf{lrt kbflwsf/Lsf] 3f]if0ff ug'{ eof] .
;Dd]ngsf] t]>f] ;];g
lyof] 3f]if0ff ;efsf] . ;Dd]ngsf] ;j{;Ddltåf/f lgjf{lrt ;ldltsf] 3f]if0ff ut
df3 % ut] cf/=l;=lk= ahf/ :o'gfdf xhf/f}+ hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf ;DkGg eof] .
sfo{qmddf lhNnf hg;/sf/ pkk|d'v tyf If]=Ao'= ;b:o lw/]Gb| pkfWofon] gjul7t
;ldltsf] 3f]if0ff / gjlgjf{lrt kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ clj/ u|x0f ub}{ awfO{ dGtJo lbg'
ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf pkl:yt cltlyx? dWo]af6 cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_
sflnsf]6sf cWoIf tyf ;]=d= ;dGjo ;ldltsf ;b:o hutaxfb'/ zfxL,
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ kf6L{ l8=l;=Pd= s= ;d/, s= lr/GhLjLn] awfO{ dGtAo lbg'ePsf]
lyof] . sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly If]=Ao' ;b:o s= /0fjL/n] awfO{ dGtAo ;lxt jt{dfg
/fhg}lts kl/l:ylt / cfufdL of]hgfaf/] pkl:yt hgtfnfO{ k|lzlIft kfg'{ ePsf] lyof]
. pxf"n] eGg'ePsf] lyof] – ædfn]dfjfbsf] l;4fGt af]]sL hgo'4 ;+rfng eof] .
of] ;r]t ;+3if{ alnbfgaf6 gof" ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 . o;nfoO{ ljsf;
u/]/ n}hfg] ljZj qmflGt ;DkGg ug{sf] nflu ljZjdf ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL w|'jsf]
g]t[Tj ug'{ kg]{ lhDd]jf/L g]kfnL hgo'4sf afxs g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ kf6L{ /
g]kfnL hgtfsf] sf"wdf cfPsf] 5 . of] cfkm}df uj{sf] s'/f xf] .Æ
P]ltxfl;s tyf ;fgbf/ 9+un]
;DkGg ePsf] o; 3f]if0ff ;ef sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf dLgaxfb'/ /fjnn] / ;~rfng
gogaxfb'/ lji6n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;+3sL sflnsf]6 lhNnf ;b:o dg;/f
lji6n] :jfut efif0f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] r'nL hg;f+:s[lts Knf6'gn] uLtåf/f
:jfut u/]sf] lyof] . ;Dd]ng cjlw e/ sfo{qmdsf] aLr aLrdf pkl:yt lhNnfsf, c?k,
s0ff{nL o'u, /lj hg;f+:s[lts kl/jf/n] /f]rs ;f+lults k|:t'ltx? k|:t't u/]sf lyP
. –sbd a'9f
krf;f}+ xhf/ hgtfn] v';L
dgfP
If]qLo hg;/sf/sf] lgjf{rg
pk]Gb| zdf{
c5fd-/fdf/f]ifg_÷;]tL
dxfsfnL /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{ g]kfnsf] k|yd ;Dd]ngsf] nuQ} ;]tL–dxfsfnL :jfoQ
k|fb]lzs ;/sf/sf] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 . ;]tL–dxfsfnLsf gf} lhNnf / sfnLsf]6
lhNnf ;d]tsf hgk|ltlglwx?åf/f r'lgPsf] ;]tL–dxfsfnLsf] If]qLo hg;/sf/n] cab]lv
;f] If]qsf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf cjz]ifx? dfq af"sL/x]sf] s'/f atfPsf 5g\ . o;cl3
lhNnf :t/;Ddsf hg;/sf/sf] 3f]if0ff ul//x]sf]df ca b]zsf ljleGg 7fp"df
If]qLo ;/sf/sf] 3f]if0ff u/L gof" ;Qfsf] ?kdf gof" km8\sf] df/]sf]
s'/f If]qLo hg;/sf/sf k|d'v n]v/fh e6\6n] atfpg' eof] .
If]qLo ;/sf/ r'Ggsfnflu
k|To]s lhNnfx?af6 hgk|ltlglw -If]qLo ;f+;b_ sf] r'gfj ul/Psf] / tL ;+f;bx?n] g}
IF]qLo ;/sf/sf] lgdf{0f u/]sf lyP . !) lhNnfsf k|ltlglwåf/f If]qLo hg;/sf/sf]
lgjf{rg ePsf] lyof] . If]qLo hg;/sf/sf ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/Lx? lglj{/f]w
lgjf{lrt ePsf lyP . !) lhNnfaf6 cfPsf hgk|ltlglwx?sf] pkl:yltdf ;]tL–dxfsfnL
:jfoQ k|fb]lzs k|ltlglw ;ef k|yd clwj]zg ut df3 !$ ut] ;DkGg eof] . pQm :jfoQ
k|fb]lzs k|ltlglw ;efdf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf lk=la=Pd= tyf If]qLo Ao'/f]
OGrfh{ s= k|efs/n] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf cWoIf k|r08sf] z'esfdgf dGtAo k9]/
;'gfpg' ePsf] lyof] eg] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf l;=l;=Pd= s= z'bz{gn] ;+o'Qm
qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb\ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;+of]hs 8f= afj'/fd e§/fO{n] k7fpg' ePsf]
z'esfdgf kq ;'gfpg' ePsf] lyof] .
;f] clwj]zgdf
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbl_sf l;=l;=Pd= tyf j6flnog sdL;f/ s= ;d/l;+xn] klg z'esfdgf
lbg'ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L hgfb]z k|ltlglw z'e zdf{n] klg z'esfdgf JoQm
ug{'ePsf] lyof] . pQm clwj]zgn] n]v/fh e§ k|d'v, vu/fh e§ pkk|d'v / ;lrjdf e/t
ad ;d]t @$ hgf If]qLo hg;/sf/sf] lgjf{rg u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] clwj]zgn] z/bl;+x
e08f/LnfO{ ;efd'vdf lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5
eg], pk–;efd'vdf b]j/fh /]UdL lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf] 5 . lgjf{lrt ;/sf/sf
cGo ;b:ox?df ;]gf k|ltlglw s= ljljw, xif{axfb'/ zfxL, eut ab|'jfn, gGbg ;fsL{
,gljgf lj=s= z+s/ v8\sf, uf]/Lsnf lj=s=, /]0f' rGb, b]jsL dNn, lw/]Gb|f
pkfWoof, dGh'jd, uLtf 7u'Ggf, 6]s]Gb| e§, b'n{e k'g du/, /fdaxfb'/ s]=;L=, ;/b
cj:yL, b08ljqmd lj=s= nId0f hf]zL, b]j]Gb| e§, s/0f lj=s= / v]d ad /xg' ePsf] 5
.
otf ;]tL–dxfsfnLs}
Oltxf;df lhNnf hg;/sf/sf] 3f]if0ffaf6 km8\sf]df/L If]qLo ;/sf/sf] 3f]if0ffn]
gof" ;Qf :yfkgfdf gof" km8\sf] df/]sf] 5 . pQm ;/sf/sf] 3f]if0ff %)
xhf/ hgtfsf] aLrdf ut df3 !% ut] c5fdsf] /fdf/f]ifgdf eof] . k|To]s lhNnfaf6
;xefuL /x]sf] h'n';n] xft xftdf em08f Aofg/ / h'n'; / gf/fx?n] c5fdsf]
/fdf/f]ifg, jf6'nf ;]g, e6fsfl6of If]qx?df gf/fx?n] u'Ghfodfg ePsf] lyof] .
ag–h+unsf ?vx? / rf}/ltaf6 nfd nflu/x]sf] h'n'; !@ ah] /fdf/f]ifgsf] kftn
ufp" k'u]sf] lyof] . ;efdf nfda4 h'n';n] cf–cfkm\gf] ;f+:s[lts
emf"sLx? ;d]t NofPsf lyP . jfhf ufhf dfbn, lutf/, xfdf]{lgodsf ;fy}
ufp" ufp"af6 k~r]jfhf bdfxf, gl;{Ëf ;gO{n] /gjg g} u~hfodfg kf/]sf]
lyof] . ljleGg emf"sLx?n] cf–cfkm\gf k|:t'tLx? d+~rdf b]vfPsf lyP .
nfUYof]– /fdf/f]ifgsf] ufp" le8ef8sf] zx/ ePsf] 5 .
/ftf em08f, t'n Aofg/n]
;lh;hfp ul/Psf] d+~rdf If]qLo ;/sf/sf k|d'v n]v/fh e§n] k'/fgf] ;Qf ;b/d'sfddf
s}b ePsf] s'/f atfpb} *) k|ltzt eGbf a9L e"efudf hg;Qf ;+~rfng e}/x]sf]
s'/f atfpg' eof] . pxf"n] ;]d If]qsf /f0ff zf;gsf lj?4df n8\bf bz/y rGb
;lxb ePsf] / @)!) ;fn lt/ eLdbQ kGtn] qmflGtsf/L ls;fg cfGbf]ng u/]sf] s'/f
atfpg' eof] . pxf"n] cfh ;Qf xfd|f] xftdf cfPsf] 5 /, of] zf;g ug]{ geP/
hgtfsf] ;]js aGg ag]sf] hg;/sf/ xf] eGb} of] ;Qfsf /Iff ug{ d+un;]g ,dft{8L /
wu9Lx? sAhf ub}{ gf/fo0fxL6L sAhf ug{ cufl8 a9\g' k5{ / To;df ;Dk"0f{
hgtfsf] ;xeflutf /xg' kg]{ ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ eof] . pxf"n] juL{o d'lQm ljgf
/fli6«o d'lQm x'g g;Sg] s'/f atfpb} juL{o o'4df hgtfsf] ;xeflutf / s'zn g]t[Tj
af6g} s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sAhf ug{ ;lsG5 eGb} ;efsf] cWoIftf u|x0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;efklt j/0f / kl5 k|d'v
cltly nufot cGo cltlyx?sf] cfzg u|x0f kl5 ! ldg]6 df}gwf/0faf6 z'? ul/Psf]
sfo{qmddf ;lxb kl/jf/sf k|ltlglw ;d]t d+~rdf cfzg u|x0f u/fOPsf] lyof] . pQm
3f]if0ff ;efdf af]Nb} k|d'v cltly g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf lk=la=Pd= tyf
;]tL–dxfsfnL If]qLo Ao'/f] OGrfh{ s= k|efs/n] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ cWoIf s=
k|r08sf] z'esfdgf kq k9]/ ;'gfpg' ePsf] lyof] . pxf"n] o'4sflng kl/l:yltdf
7fp" 7fp"df hgtfn] agfPsf a+s/x?, xltof/x? / gf/f h'n';x?df vfnL
xltof/ / a+s/ dfq geP/, To;leq k|r08kysf] ljrf/ ldl;Psf] s'/f atfpg' eof]] .
;efdf pkl:yt hgtfnfO{ ;Djf]wg ub}{ ;Qf lgdf{0f u/]/ dfq x'b}g To;sf] r]s
ug'{kg]{ / x/ If0fdf ;Qfsf] lgu/fgL ug'{ kg]{ s'/f hgtfn] ug'{ kb{5 eGb} hgtfsf
lj?4df ;Qf uPdf cfkm\gf xftsf xltof/ p7fP/ Tof] ;Qfdf x:tIf]k ug'{ k5{ eGg'
eof] . pxf"n] of] k|fb]lzs ;/sf/sf] 3f]if0ffn] ;]tL–dxfsfnLdf dfq geP/
l;+xb/jf/ gf/fo0flx6L b/jf/ b]lv x\jfO6xfp; ;d]t q;lt ePsf] s'/f atfpg' eof] .
pxf"n] cfkm\gf]
kf6L{af6 s'g} hgtfnfO{ bjfj lbg] / hj/h:tL sfd ePdf t'?Gt} l/kf]6{ lbg cfu|x
ub}{ cj ;Qf / kf6L{ cfwf/ If]qsf hgtfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ s'/f atfpg' eof] .
pxf"n] hgtfsf] ;d:ofx? kf6L{, ;]gf / df]rf{af6 dfq geP/ kqsf/ j'l4hLjL
dfgjflwsf/jfbL jsLn / hgtfaf6 ;d]t l/kf]6{ lng] u/]sf] s'/f atfpg' eof] .
To;}u/L pxf"n] ;efdf pkl:yt hgtfnfO{ ;z:q dfr{df hfg]n] xft p7fpg' xf];\
eGbf ;j}n] xft p7fPsf lyP eg] ;]gf etL{ x'g]n] xft p7fpg'xf];\ eGbf k|fo ;j}n]
xft p7fPsf lyP . To;}u/L ;z:q dfr{sf] nflu s= k|efs/n] # dLg]6 ;Dd ;j}nfO{
cfkm\gf xltof/ k|bz{gu/L dfly p7fpg eGbf # ldg]6;Dd ;Dk"0f{ df;n] cfkm';+u
ePsf xltof/, nf7L, v's'/L, jfhfufhf, snd, / d'7L p7fPsf lyP .
If]qLo hg;/sf/ 3f]if0ff
;efsf csf{ jQmf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s= z'bz{gn] rLg / ?; nufotsf
b]zx?df :yfkgf ePsf ;Qfx? 9Ngsf sf/0fx? k|r08kyn] vf]lh/x]sf] s'/f atfpb} o;f]
x'g glbg hg lgu|fgL, hglgoGqLt, / ljb|f]x ug]{ clwsf/ oL tLg s'/fx? hgtfn]
ug'{kg]{ s'/f atfpg' eof] . pxf"n] gjlgjf{lrt If]qLo ;/sf/sf ;Dk"0f{
kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ gfdfjnL 3f]if0ff ug{' ePsf] lyof] eg] k|d'v cltly tyf
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf lk=la=Pd= tyf ;]d If]qLo Ao'/f] OGrfh{ s= k|efs/n] clj/
/ dfnf nufO{ awfO{ lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
pQm gj lgjf{lrt ;/sf/nfO{
jwfO{ 1fkg ub}{ g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_sf l;=l;=Pd= tyf j6flnog sdLzf/ s= ;d/
l;+xn] qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb\ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;+of]hs 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{sf]
z'esfdgf kq k9]/ ;'gfpg' ePsf] lyof] .
3f]if0ff ;efdf gj lgjf{lrt
IF]qLo ;/sf/sf pkk|d'v vu/fh e§n] ljutdf sflnsf]6df ju]sf] /ut, c5fd, j}t8L,88]Nw'/f
aemfË / afh'/fdf ju]sf] ;lxbsf] /utaf6 k|fKt ePsf] ;Qf xf] eGb} ;]ddf ;xfbt
k|fKt ug]{ ;lxbx? ljgo, o1Zj/, k|xf/, efg' zdf{, eLdaxfb'/ ef6, 6+s jf]u6L
nufotsf dxfg\ ;k'tsf] ;kgf ;fsf/ kfg]{ s'/f atfpg' eof] . pxf"n] gj
lgjf{lrt ;/sf/sf] gof" sfo{of]hgf k|:t't ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
;lxb kl/jf/sf] tkm{af6 dGtJo
lbb} :yfgLo dlxnf u+ufb]jL ;fpbn] k'/fgf] ;Qf Wj:t kfg]{ j'l4hLjL xfdL cfkm}
aGg k5{ eGb} dlxnf k'?if ;a}n] ldn]/ qmflGt ;DkGg ug{ k5{ eGg' eof] . ca a'9f
b]lv afnf ;j}n] qmflGt ug'{ kg]{ s'/f atfpb} dlxnf ca e'O{sf] s'v'/f geP/
cfsfzsf] jfh aGg'k5{ eGg] s'/f /fVb} g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ af6 dfq dlxnfn] d'lQm
kfPsf] s'/f atfpg' eof] .
To;}u/L If]qLo hg;/sf/sL
gjlgjf{lrt ;b:o uf]l/snf lj=s=n] cfhsf dlxnf efUodfgL ePsf] s'/f atfpb}
cfkm'x?n] ;Qf;lxt ;dfgclwsf/ gof" ;Qfaf6 k|fKt ePsf] s'/f atfpg' eof] .
;efdf z'esfdgf lbb}
hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf lj|u]8 ;xfos sdf08/ s= jx'jL/n] b'Zdgsf lj?4 kxf8 b]lv
t/fO{ / k"j{b]lv klZrd ;Dd b'Zdg hxf" 6]S5 ToxL k8\sLb} b'Zdgsf] lj?4
Ps kl5 csf]{ ;kmntf k|fKt ub}{ uPsf] s'/f atfpg' eof] .
3f]if0ff ;efsf] ;~rfng gj
lgjf{lrt ;/sf/sf ;lrj e/t jdn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] :jfut efif0f ;]tL–dxfsfnL
/fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf g]kfnsf ;efd'v z/bl;+x e08f/Ln] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . aLr
aLrdf ljgo, ;'Gb/ ;f+:s[lts ;}Go sDkgLaf6 :jfut uLtsf ;fy} gfrx?sf] k|:t'ltn]
;efnfO{ lgs} /f]rstf k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] . cGtdf 3f]if0ff ;efsf ;efklt tyf
If]qLo hg;/sf/ k|d'v n]v/fh e§n] kf6L{sf] gLlt / of]hgf cf–cfkm'nfO{ ;dlk{t
ub}{ hgtfn] ;'Dk]sf] lhDd]jf/L k'/fug]{ k|ltj4tf JoQm ub}{ ;ef ljifh{g
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;ef ljifh{g kl5 d~raf6 gf/f nufPsf] lyof] / ;j} hg;d'bfon]
gf/f nufPsf lyP . To;kl5 ;f"em ^ ah] b]lv k|To]s lhNnf / 6f]nx?af6 cfPsf
snfsf/x?af6 ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd /fte/L k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] .
3f]if0ff ;efsf ljz]if
emf"sLx?
hg;d'bfosf] Jofks
pkl:yltn] rf}/df 7fp" gk'u]/ /fdf/f]ifgsf] 8f"8f e/L g} dfG5]n]
9fs]sf] lyof] .
sfo{qmd z'? e};s]kl5 klg
h'n'; cfpg] qmd hf/L g} lyof] .
– k|To]s h'n';n] cfkm\gf]
snf ;+:s[lt emNsg] uLt / gfrx? NofPsf lyP .
– ;Dk"0f{ uLtf /
gf"rx? hgjfbLs/0f ul/Psf -k|ultzLn_ lyP .
– ;efdf bdfx, gl;{Ëf,
;gO{, 6\ofDsL k~r] jfhf;+u h'n'; cfPsf] lyof] eg] bdfx gf"r ;d]t k|:t'
ul/Psf] lyof] .
– d~rdf t/jf/ gfr
b]vfOPsf] lyof] .
– uLt / gf"rx?
;j}h;f] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ kf6L{ / k|r08kysf] jf/]df /lrPsf lyP .
– g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf
cWoIf s= k|r08sf] z'esfdgf kq jfrg kl5 If]qLo Ao'/f] OGrfh{ s= k|efs/n]
hg;d'bfodf cWoIf s= k|r08nfO{ nfn ;nfd k7fpg cfu|x ubf{ ;efsf %)cf}+ xhf/
hg;d'bfon] ;]d If]qLo Ao'/f] OGrfh{ dfkm{t d'7L p7fP/ s= k|r08nfO{ nfn;nfd
k7fPsf lyP .
(– ;efdf pkl:yt
;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfon] cf–cfkm\gf] xltof/, aGb's, /fOkmn, P;=Pn=cf/=, tyf snd,
n7L, v's'/L, dfbn, xfdf]{lgod, uLtf/, / vfnLx'g]n] d'¶L p7fO{ # ldg]6 ;Dd
k|bz{g u/]sf lyP .
æ1fg] zfxL 5f]6] /fhf
lgo'Qm ul//x]sf 5g\Æ
/fhaxfb'/ s'"j/
;'v]{t־/fhfsf] clegGbgdf
xfdL v'zL 5}gf}+ . /]l8of]af6 /fhf dWo klZrdf~rndf cfPsf]df hgtf v'zL ePsf]
k|rf/ ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;/f;/ unt xf]Æ of] egfO{ ;'v]{t lhNnfsf k|utLlzn
;flxTosf/ tyf jfdkGyL g]tf k[YjLaxfb'/ l;+xsf] xf] . ut df3 @% ut] lgjf{rg
;DkGg eP/ @^ ut] cfof]lht ;'v]{t l;Dtf Onfsf cGtu{t ;+o'Qm ufp" hg;ldlt
sfkmnsf]6sf] 3f]if0ffdf af]Nb} l;+xn] g]kfnL e"lddf rln/x]sf] dxfg\
hgo'4df ePsf] jlnbfgnfO{ O+lut ub}{ eGg'eof]– æo'/f]k, ?; / lrgn] xfd|f] h:tf]
qmflGt hdfgfdf ul/;s]sf] Oltxf; tfhf 5 . xhf/f}+ nfvf}+ jlnbfg u/] . o:tf
s'x]sf] /fhtGqsf] cGTo u/] .Æ]
ut df3 @% ut] g]kfnu~hdf
slyt ?kn] ;DkGg gful/s clegGbg ;df/f]x dfq xf]Og of] /fhtGq g} v/fa 5 . hgtfsf]
xLt ljk/Lt 5 . eGb} /fhf clxn] ufp",gu/, zx/df 5f]6] /fhf lgo'Qm ug{ /
/fhtGqsf] cfo' nDAofpg Ao:t /x]sf] s'/f l;+xn] :ki6 kfg'{ eof] . ;fy} hg;Qfsf]
lgjf{rgnfO{ x/]s txdf k|lt:kwf{Tds agfpg pxf"n] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_nfO{
cXjfg ug'{ eof] . gof kl/jt{gsf] nflu cfkm' sndaf6 nfUg] / cGo hgtfnfO{ h] h] 5
lnP/ nfUg'kg]{ cfjZostf ePsf] atfpg' eof] . To:t} sfkmnsf]6 uf=h=;= lgjf{rg
cfo'Qm gf/fo0f emf" n] k'/fgf] ;Qfn] hgtfsf] ;]jf xf]Og a? dflns eP/
/fO{bfO{ u/]sf] atfpb} æ;Dk"0f{ ;f+;b dxf]bonfO{ kh]/f] lsGg k7fPsf xf]Ogg
t/ ;'ljwf o'Qm kh]/f] r9]/ hgtf dfly /fO{bfO{ u/] . of] gof" hg;Qfsf
k|ltlglwn] glhsaf6 lgofNg' k5{Æ eGg' eof] . kh]/f]jfb lt/ gof" ;QFsf
k|ltlglw ;lNsP hgtf / kf6L{n] lgu/fgL ug]{ dfq xf]Og sf/jfxL ug]{ x}l;ot ePsf]
s'/fdf pxf" ljZj:t x'g'x''G5 .
cGtdf lzj gf/fo0f
emf"n] of] /fhtGqnfO{ vtd gu/L gx'g] o'usf] cfjZostf ePsf] atfpb}
/fhtGqsf] Oltxf; af/] :ki6 ug'{eof] / eGg'eof]– ædnfO{ nfUb5 sL slxn] lj|6L;
gLlt, slxn] ef/tLo rfs/L / slxn] cd]l/sL /f]8Dofkdf g} /fhtGqsf @÷# ;o aif{
ljlt;s] .Æ
gof" ;Qfsf] lg0f{o
hgtfdf /fxtsf] dxz';
s]zj /]UdL
b}n]v÷ zfxL cd]l/sL
;]gfs]f andf ejfgL uf=h=;= sf] kfgL cj}w 9+uaf6 ;b/d'sfddf pkof]u ul//fv]sf
lg/+s'ztfsf 7]s]bf/x?nfO{ ulDe/ r'gf}lt lb+b} gof" ;Qfsf] lg0f{o adf]lhd
ejfgLjf;L hgtfn] d+l;/ @^ ut] d'xfgdf kfgL cj?4 ul/lbPsf lyP . To;cl3 cQflnPsf
ljj]s lxg 1fg]Gb|sf ef8fsf ;]gfnfO{ k7fP/ 5fGgf b]lv ljyfsf] n]s ;Dd cft+s
dRrfPsf lyP . t/ hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] pRr zfx; ;lxtsf] k|lt/f]wfTds nfn emfk8nfO{
k|lts[ofjfbL ;+rf/ ldl8ofsf] ;dfrf/ agfPgg\ . csf]{lt/ zfxL cft+s b]lv c;Gt'i6
kIf, pkef]Qmf vfg]kfgLsf sd{r/L, dfgjflwsf/jfbL kqsf/, j'l4lhlj ;a}n] gof"
;Qfsf] lg0f{o dfGg] tyf jftf{ ug{ tof/ ePsf] s'/f hfgsf/L k7fP kl5 gof"
;Qfn] ljleGg !) a'"b] Ph]08f ;lxt df3 !& ut] ;xdlt ;lxt jftf{ ;kmn
u/]sf] s'/f lh=h=;= k|d'v ly/axfb'/ sfsL{n] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
gof" ;Qfsf tkm{af6
jftf{sf/x?df lw/axfb'/ sfsL{ -lh=h=;= k|d'v_, slj/fh zdf{ -gu/ h=;= k|d'v_,
df]xg lji6 -lh=h=;= ;b:o_, nf]saxfb'/ yfkf -ejfgL uf=h=;= k|d'v_, ;'h{axfb'/
a:g]t -ejfgL uf=h=;= pkk|d'v_ / sdfgl;+x a:g]t -jftf{6f]nL k|ltlglw_ /x]sf lyP
eg] pkef]Qmf tyf vfg]kfgLsf
jftf{sf/x?df nlbd k|;fb sf]O{/fnf -vfg]kfgL k|ltlglw_, ly//fh /]UdL, 8]u]Gb|
yfkf, kbd/fh yfkf, s0f{axfb'/ >]i7 / wlg/fd kf08] /x]sf lyP . To:t} g]kfn
dfgjflwsf/sf e]ifaxfb'/ yfkf, Pdg]i6L OG6/g]Zgnsf k':s/ zdf{, dfgjflwsf/ tyf
zflGt ;dfhsf b]j]Gb| k'g, rGb| lj=;L=, b]j]Gb| s]=;L= lbg]z s'df/ >]i7,
pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf /fh' v8\sf, kqsf/x? xl/x/ l;+x /f7f}/ -sflGtk'/_, sdn
Gof}kfg] -c;n zf;g_ / 8Da/ yfkf -sf"qm] laxf/_ /xg' ePsf] lyof] .
;xdlt ePsf j'"bfut
ljj/0f
kfgLsf] plrt ljt/0f
;DaGwdf ejfgLdf $ wf/f, 5fGgfdf @ wf/f, e};]vf]/df @ wf/f, O6df ! wf/f /fVg] .
kfgL ljt/0f k|s[ofnfO{
lgMz'Ns ug]{ .
;]gf–k'ln;nfO{ sfof{no /
lghL 3/af6 x6fpg] ;DaGwdf cfGbf]ngsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ .
;}lgs SofDknfO{ wf/f
;fj{hlgs wf/faf6 ljt/0f ug]{ .
;/sf/L / JolQmut wf/fnfO{
s6f}lt u/L ;fj{hlgs ug]{ .
a]nf;k'/sf] vfg]kfgL
nfO{gnfO{ lhNnf vfg]kfgL sfof{non] dd{t ;Def/sf] lhDdf lng] .
vfg]kfgL sfo{nodf o;sf]
k'/fgf] sf]if ejfgL uf=h=;=sf] ljsf; lgdf{0fdf nufpg] .
ejfgLsf] phf{sf] /f]lsPsf]
ljB'tsf] jf/Lª tf/ lgsf;L ug{ hf]8\bf/ kxn ug]{ .
kfgLsf] d'xfgdf kfgL yk36
ubf{ ejfgL uf=h=;= sf hgtfsf] ;xdltdf ug]{ .
vfg]kfgL l8=O{=n]
dfcf]jfbLsf] gfddf k};f p7fP/ u/]sf] e}i6frf/ af/] ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ t'?Gt
sfjf{lx ug]{ .
pNn]lvt a'"bfx?df
b'O{kIf aLr ePsf] ;xdltsf] cfwf/df df3 !& ut]sf lbga6 kfgL ;'rf? 9+uaf6
;+rfng ug]{ ;xdlt ePsf] lyof] .
lrqe"ld ljrf/ k|wfg dfl;s
klqsf k|sflzt
/fhaxfb'/ s'"j/
9f"8v]t -cjlNrª
;'v]{t_ ÷g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ ;'v]{t lhNnf ;+u7g cGtu{tsf] :s'lnË
ljefuåf/f ælrqe"ld ljrf/ k|wfgÆ dfl;s kmfu'g ! ut] k|sflzt ePsf] 5 .
lnyf] d]l;gsf] k|of]u u/L
!) k]hdf k|sflzt ælrqe"ld ljrf/ k|wfgÆ dfl;sdf klxnf] c+sdf ælk=lj=sf]
j}7sdf kfl/t ljz]if /fhgLlts k|:tfj af/]Æ ;fef/ n]v ;lxt, l;tf g]kfnLsf]
æc=g]=d= ;+3-qmflGtsf/L_ ;'v]{t lhNnfsf] ;+lIfKt Oltxf;Æ / k|zfGt cf/=l;=sf]
ælrqe"ld kf6L{ :s'n, Ps rrf{ eGg] 1fg a4{s / ljrf/ k|wfg n]vx? /x]sf 5g\ .
;fy} jt{dfg ;do ;fk]If cfjZos / ;fGble{s cWoIf s= k|r08sf sf]6]zgx? /flvPsf 5g\
.
ægof" k|sfzgsf] ;fydf
gof" jflif{sf]T;jsf] xflb{s
z'esfdgfÆ eGg] ;DkfbsLodf æleif0f qmflGtsf] a]nfdf xfdL ;'v]{taf6 ;TotYo
ljrf/x?sf] Ps ;+ufnf]sf] ?kdf lrqe"ld dfl;s klqsf k|sfzg ub}{5f}+Æ elgPsf]
5 . ;fy} k|lts[ofjfbLsf] cfTd;dk{0fsf] xf}jfnfO{ cToGt} em'7 ePsf] atfpb} sf]xL
b'O{rf/ qmflGtaf6 aflx/Lg' afx]s csf]{ ljsNk gx'g] atfO{Psf] 5 .
lrqe"ld ljrf/ k|wfg
dfl;ssf] ;Dkfbs– nf]s]Gb| /fh /fgf, Aoj:yfks– 6s] gf/fo0f lj=s= / Joj:yfkg
;xof]uL 6]sgf/fo0f /f]sfof /xg' ePsf] 5 . lrqe"ld klqsfsf] gfdfs/0f ;'v]{t
lhNnfsf cu'jf ;lxbx? lraxfb'/ jln / e"ld;/f jlnsf] gfddf /flvPsf] k|zfGt
atfpg' x'G5 . ;'v]{t lhNnfdf ju{;+3if{sf] aLraf6 g} of] eGbf klxn] gof"
df]8]n / hgk|lt/f]w leQ] klqsf k|sfzg eO{;s]sf lyP . ;fy} hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn
e]/L–s0ff{nL lj|u]8 cGtu{t 5}7f}+ j6flnogn] klg s]xL dlxgf cl3 b]lv s';'ddf
;xfbt k|fKt ug]{ sDkgL le=l;= s= em/gfsf] gfdaf6 æem/gf dfl;sÆ k|sfzg u/]sf] 5
. em/gf dfl;s klqsfsf] ;Dkfbs k|]d x'g'x'G5
eg] æem/gf dfl;sÆ e]s If]qsf] k|yd ;}Go k|sfzg klg xf] .
;fNd xTofsf08sf] lj/f]wdf
hfh/sf]6 aGb
gjlszf]/ Pg=kL=
hfh/sf]6÷
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ hfh/sf]6åf/f ul/Psf] hfh/sf]6 aGb sfo{qmd k"0f{?kn]
;kmn ePsf] 5 . ut df3 ( ut] b}n]vaf6 cfPsf] slyt o'lgkmO8 sdfg gfds lx+;|s
hTyfn] hfh/sf]6sf] ;fNddf k|lzIf0fsf] nflu h'l6/x]sf lg;z:q sfo{stf{ dfly
cGwfw'Gb uf]ln rnfP/ sof}+nfO{ 3fOt] agfPsf lyP . g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ hfh/sf]6
lhNnf sld6L ;b:o ;':df, phf{nfO{ Toxf" g} xTof u/]kl5 ;'l/tf / hfgsLnfO{
lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] lbgdfg} >L OGb|df]lt dfWolds ljBfnosf lzIfs
s0f{axfb'/ a'9fnfO{ s'6 lk6 ub}{ pgsf] 3/df /fv]sf] rfln; xhf/ a/fa/sf] ;fdfg
n'6] eg] pgsf] 3/sf] kmlg{r/ efr]/ km\oflslbP . Tof] lbgdfg} :yfgLo dlxnf
c=x]=a= / s0f{axfb'/ a'9f / ;'l/tf / hfgsLnfO{ klg s'6lk6 ub}{ Toxf"af6
nUof] . ut df3 !) ut] hfgsL / ;'l/tfsf] gfs sfg RofTb} n'6]/fx?n] uxgf n'l6
;s]kl5 gf/L cl:tTj n'6] . clg 6fpsf]sf] /f}+x? aGr/f] z}lndf lgsfNb} jIf dfly
;+lug /f]k]/ 6fpsf]df uf]ln aiff{P kl5 hfh/sf]6sf] ;fNdfdf kfg]{ lrg} s'Gbfsf]
h+undf xTof ul/Psf] lyof] .
ckxl/t lgbf]{if lzIfs
s0f{axfb'/ a'9f tyf ;fNdf x]Nykf]i6sf c=x]=a nfO{ ckx/0f kl5 r/d dfgl;s tyf
zfl//Ls oftgf lbP/ w]/} ;dokl5 dfq 5f]l8Psf] lyof] . o;/L s= z':df, s= phf{, s=
hfgsL / s= /ldtfsf] ul/Psf] ;fd'lxs h3Go xTof / lgbf]{if lzIfs, cx]anfO{
ljgfsf/0f lbPsf] oftgf / n'6kf6 ul/Psf] ;DklQsf] lj?4df hfh/sf]6 aGb ul/Psf]
lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmd ;fgbf/ ?kdf ;fkmn ePsf] 5 .
;fd|fHojfb lj?4
ljb|f]xnfO{ ;+u7Lt ug{ blnt ;Dd]ng
/fh axfb'/
;'v]{t־slyt ;fdGtL hftLo
cx+sf/jfbsf lj?4 blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ng † ;fd|fHojfb / /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbsf
lj?4 ljb|f]xnfO{ ;+u7Lt ug{ t]>f] lhNnf ;Dd]ng ††Æ eGg] d"n pb\3f]ifsf
;fy g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{ ;'v]{t lhNnfsf] t]>f] lhNnf ;Dd]ng ut df3 @* / @( ut] nfnLsf"8fdf eAo ?kdf
;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
k|yd lhNnf ;Dd]ngn]
;d/axfb'/ lj=s=sf] cWoIftfdf kl5 yKg] u/L !( ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldltsf] lgjf{rg
u/]sf] 5 . h;df pkfWoIf, ;lrj ;x–;lrj, sf]iffWoIf / ;b:ox? qmdz k|]d ;'gf/,
ledaxb'/ g]kfnL, b]lj g]kfnL, cd[t lj=s=, lydaxfb'/ kl/of/, OZj/eQm ;'gf/, xl/dfg
;'gf/, jL/axfb'/ g]kfnL, 6]saxfb'/ pv]8f, wgaxfb'/ lj=s=, /fdl;+x lj=s=, wg;/f
g]kfnL, k/z'/fd lj=s=, sNjL/ lj=s=, pbo lj=s=, k'/g lj=s=, rGb|axfb'/ lj=s=
/xg'ePsf] 5 .
;'v]{t lhNnf el/sf 5flgPsf
s'n () hgf k|ltlglw pkl:yt ;f] ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g cfb/l0fo ;lxb a'jf dfgaxfb'/
jnLn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngsf] ljz]if cltYo s= /~hLt, cltYo ;lxb a'jfsf]
tkm{af6 dfgaxfb'/ jnL, clvn g]kfn hg;f":s[lts ;+3sf] tkm{af6 /fhaxfb'/
s'"j/, clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sf] tkm{af6 afnf/fd ;fksf]6fn]
ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
;Dd]ngåf/f gj lgjf{lrt
kbfwLsf/Lx?nfO{ æcasf] ljb|f]xdf blnt hftLsf] ;xefuLtfsf] ;'lglZrttf x'b}
hfcf];Æ eGg] awfO{ tyf pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf] z'esfdgf ls;fgaf6 afnf/fd ;fksf]6f,
ljBfyL{ u+uf/fd ltldN;]gf, snfsf/ gGbaxfb'/ k'g / ;lxb a'jf kfgaxfb'/ jnLn]
lbg' ePsf] lyof] .
;Dd]ngsf] aLraLrdf /lj
;f+:s[lts kl/jf/ ;'v]{tn] hgjfbL uLt ;+lut k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] .
;'v]{tdf k|lt:kwf{Tds
hg;Qfsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg
/fhaxfb'/ s'"j/
l;Dtf÷ ;'v]{t lhNnfsf]
l;Dtf Onfsfdf ut df3 @( ut]sf lbg cToGt} hgjfbL / k|lt:kwf{Tds :yfgLo hglgjf{rg
;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] lgjf{rg sfkmnsf]6df klxnf] / P]ltxfl;s ePsf] / pk–k|d'v
;lxt !@ ;b:o lglj/f]w rog ePsf] lgjf{rg cfo'Qm lzjgf/fo0f emf" atfpg' x'G5
. k|d'vsf] nflu ePsf] r'gfjL k|lt:k|wf{df ;DklQ a'9f, OGb|axfb'/ l;+x, g/axfb'/
vqL / bQaxfb'/ vqL pqg' ePsf] lyof] .
;f] r'gfjL k|lt:k|wf{df
;Dkt] a'9f es'08f,] OGb|axfb'/ l;+x xl;of xyf}8f, g/axfb'/ vqL snd, bQ vqLn]
tf/f lgjf{rg lrGx lnPsf lyP . s'n dbbfg *^$ ePsf] @%# ab/ ePsf] lyof] eg] ;b/
af"sL dt ;Dkt] a'9fn] #(% k|fKt u/L ljhoL x'g'eof] . cGo OGb|axfb'/ l;+x,
g/axfb'/ vqL / bQ vqLn] qmdzM (@, !& / %$ dt k|fKt u/]sf lyP .
sfkmnsf]6 uf=h=;=sf]
gof" lgjf{lrt ;ldlt df3 #^ ut] sfkmnsf]6 d} 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 . k|d'v,
pkk|d'v / ;b:ox? qmdzM ;Dkt] a'9f, dfg l;+x lj=s=, wgaxfb'/ kl/of/, wg l;+x
7s'/L, uf]kfn l;+x, k|]daxfb'/ l;+x, ly/axfb'/ k'g h'DnL, h'DnL kl/of/, df]xg
/fjt, bb] jnL, dfgaxfb'/ lj=s=, uf]/v zfxL /xg' ePsf] 5 . kl5 dlxnf ;lxt % ;b:o
yk x'g] klg hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 .
@^ ut] ;DkGg 3f]if0ff
;efsf] ;efkltTj /fdl;+x lj=s=, k|d'v cfltYo l;Dtf Onfsf hg;/sf/ k|d'v ;'/]Gb|
l;+x, ljz]if cltly l;Dtf Onfsf @ g+= Pl/of OGrfh{ hng, cltly clvn g]kfn
hg;f+:s[lts ;+3sf /fhaxfb'/ s'"j/, @ g+= Pl/of ;]qm]6/L bz{g, ljz]if cf6{
dfz{n, lgjf{rg cfo'Qm lzj gf/fo0f emf", k|ultlzn ;flxTosf/ k[YjLaxfb'/
l;+x, /lj ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/, dlxnf k|ltlglw sf}lznf lj=s= /x]sf lyP .
3f]if0ff ;efdf ;flxTosf/
k[YjLaxfb'/ l;+x, Onfsf hg;/sf/ k|d'v ;'/]Gb| l;+x, ljz]if cltyL hngn]
cf–cfkm\gf] dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] eg] /lj ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/n] hgjfbL uLt ;+lut
k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] .
lzIfsn] gof"
gof" g]t[Tj agfP
hfh/sf]6÷ ;fdGtL bf;
dgf]j[lQ z}lIfs k|0ffnLsf] cGTo u/f}+, @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] hgjfbL j}1flgs Pj+
Aojxfl/s lzIffsf] ljsf; u/f}+ † eGg] d'n gf/fsf ;fy e]/L–s0ff{nL cGtu{t df]8]n
lhNnfdf ut df3 !^–!& ug]{ u/L @ lbg] clvn g]kfn /fli6«o ;+u7gsf] bf]>f]
lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
dxfg\ lzIfs ;lxb hgsaxfb'/
zfxL, df]xg /f]sfof, xl/gf/fo0f 7fs'/ nufot b]z} el/sf 1ft c1ft jL/ ;lxbx? k|lt
! ldg]6 df}gwf/0faf6 z'? ePsf] ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g hfh/sf]6 lhNnfsf
e"tk"j{ pkfWoIf 6]saxfb'/ /fjnn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;lbof}+ blvsf]
bf; dgf]j[lQ / z}lIfs lj;+ultnfO{ cGTo u/L clxn]sf] qmflGtsf/L / Aojxfl/s
lzIffnfO{ ;dfhsf ;r]t zlQmnfO{ k|lzlIft ug]{ cfd a'l4hLjL / k|ultlzn lzIfsx?sf]
bfloTj ePsf] /fjnn] atfpg' eof] . ;Dd]ng ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf dGtJo lbg]x?df
ljz]if Ao'/f] ;b:o s= /fhLj, g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf ;Gtf]ifL
lj=s=, c=g]=lz=;+u7g b}nvsf cWoIf vu]Gb|k|;fb zdf{, x'Dnfsf cWoIf uf]ljGbaxfb'/
zfxL, 8f]Nkfsf] ;+of]hs s0f{axfb'/ zfxL, ;'v]{t cWoIf nfnaxfb'/ lj=;L=, jlb{of
cWoIf k|]d Gof}kfg] / cg]/f:jljo' qmflGtsf/L df]8]n cWoIf gogaxfb'/ /fgf,
c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ df]8]n cWoIf b]jsf nfld5fg], jfO{=l;=Pn= cWoIf s=
;+;f/, dlxnf tyf ;dfhsNof0f ljefusf s= eljio nufot cltly lyP .
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] df]8]n lhNnf OGrfh{ tyf ;Dd]ngsf k|d'v cltly s= hLjgn]
/fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:ylt cfd lzIfsx?df /lxcfPsf] lgDg k'hLjfbL lrGtgsf]
lr/kmf/ nufot ;dfhsf ;r]t zlQm lzIfsx?sf] bfloTj / lgefpg' kg]{ e'ldsfsf]
af/]df :ki6 kfg'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf (! hgf lzIfsx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf]
lyof] .
;Dd]ngsf] efjL gLlt tyf
sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf ;Dd]ngsf ;efklt dgaxfb'/ /fjnn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . aLr aLrdf
hgsnfsf/x?n] gf6s, g[To nufotsf /f]rs k|:t'tL k|:t't u/]sf lyP ;Dd]ngn] $ kl5
yKg] u/L !# ;b:oLo ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . h;sf] cWoIf dgaxfb'/ /fjn, ;lrj d+un
zdf{, ;b:ox?df P6d s]=;L=, cfsfz yfkf, ;+of]u lj=;L=, ;'bz{g rnfpg], d'lQm jnL,
lxdlzv/ zfxL, ;ld/ l;+x / eLdaxfb'/ j:g]t nufot /x]sf 5g\ . –;Ifd zfxL
d]rL sf]zL ;ftf} lj|u]8
sdf08/ ;+hLj;"usf] s'/fsfgL
@)%@ ;fndf dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf] z'?jftsf] ;dodf kf6L{
;+u7gdf /xg' ePsf s= ;+hLj o'4 z'? ePsf] s]xL ;dokZrft\ kf6L{sf] z'/Iff bndf
/x]/ n8fO'sf] df]rf{df k|j]z ug'{ eof] . )%# ;fndf :Sjfo8 ;b:o ePsf] s]xL ;dod}
:jf8\ sdf08/ eP/ a]yfg sfjf{xL;lxt y'k|} n8fO" / sfjf{xLx?df ;xefuL aGg'
eof] . cfjZostfsf sf/0f pxf"nfO{ )%% ;fnsf] clGtddf kf6L{n] k'gM lhNnf
kf6L{ ;b:o agfO{ ;+u7gsf] sfddf v6fof] . k'gM jxf"nfO{ )%^ r}qdf
k"j{df ag]sf] hg;]gfsf] ljz]if sfo{bn -P;=6L=Pkm=_ sf] ;xfos sdf08/ agfP/
v6fPkl5 pxf" )%& df Knf6'g sdf08/, To;kl5 sDkgL sdf08/, ;+s6sfnkZrft\
a6flnog sdf08/ x'"b} xfn hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] d]rL–sf]zL ;ftf}+ lj|u]8 sdf08/
x'g'x'G5 .
o'4 If]qdf cToGt} Ao:t cj:yfdf e]l6g' ePsf s= ;+hLjn] cToGt}
Ao:ttfsfaLr klg hgfb]z;"u s'/fsfgL ug]{ ;do lgsfNg' eof] . cToGt} ;Lldt
;doleq ;+hLj;"u ePsf] s'/fsfgLsf qmddf yfxf eof]– pxf"n] hgo'4sf]
z'?jftkZrft\ ePsf] klxnf] ;kmn kmf}hL sfjf{xL a]yfg;lxt km"nf6], eLdvf]/L,
d]n'ª, h'gj];L, 7f]skf{, h/fof]6f/, bf]/Daf, d}gfkf]v/L, vfgL e~of¨, kfSnjfª,
;Nn]/L, es'08]j];L, r}gk'/, eLdfg, ?Dhf6f/, nfxfg, a]njf/Lnufotsf b'O{ bh{g hlt
k|x/L tyf ;}Go cvf8fdflysf] cfqmd0fdf efu lng' ePsf] /x]5 . k'/fgf]
;Qf;"usf] kl5Nnf] jftf{ e+ukZrft\ ePsf] df]/¨sf] a]njf/L sfjf{xL Pj+
;+s6sfn / To;kl5sf] cjlwdf ePsf ?Dhf6f/, nfxfg / kfSnjfª cfqmd0fdf pxf"n]
sfjf{xL sdf08/sf] e"ldsf ;d]t lgefO{ ;Sg' ePsf] 5 .
lj|u]8 sdf08/ ;+hLj;"u tkfO{ klxnf] k6s k|x/L rf}sL dflysf]
sfjf{xLdf ;fd]n x'"bfsf] cg'e"lt atfOlbg' xf];\ g eGbf pxf"n]
eGg' eof]– æhgo'4sf] z'?jft e};s]kl5 kmf}hL sfjf{xLsf] 9f]sf vf]Ng ;kmn sfjf{xL
a]yfg g} lyof] . pQm k|x/L rf}sL sAhf ug'{ eGbf cl3 sfjf{xL sdf08/ s= tLy{
uf}tdn] æxfdL d/]/ eP klg ljhodf k'¥ofO{ 5f8\g] 5f}+ .Æ eg]/ eGg' ePsf] s'/fn]
xfdLnfO{ 7"nf] uDeL/tf k}bf u/]sf] lyof] . % j6f e?jf aGb's, @ j6f
6'j]Nj/, @ j6f s§f, @ j6f ;'tnL ad Pj+ v's'/L / nf7Lx? af]s]/ xfdL sfjf{xL
:yntkm{ a9\of}+ . k|x/L rf}sL 3]/fpdf kf/]/ cfqmd0f e}/x]s} a]nf sdf08/ s= tLy{
uf}td 9Ng' eof] . To;n] xfdLdf 7"nf] cfqmf]z k}bf eof] / xfdLn] 9'+uf,
nf7L;d]t xfGb} cfqmd0fnfO{ tLa| agfof}+ . eLif0f n8fO"af6} b'Zdgsf] lsNnf
v/fgL aGof] . k|x/L rf}sLdf df]rf{ut n8fO" n8L ljho k|fKt u/]/ xltof/ sAhf
ug{ ;kmn of] g} klxnf] sfjf{xL lyof] . of] sfjf{xLn] g} d]/f] kmf}hL hLjgdf cl3
a9\g;d]t 9f]sf vf]n]sf] lyof] .Æ
sdf08/ ;+hLjnfO{ xfn;Dd tkfO{n] n8]sf em08} @ bh{g sfjf{xLx? dWo]
tkfO{nfO{ ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ nfu]sf n8fO"x?af/] s]xL atfOlbg'xf];\ g eg]/ cfu|x ubf{ n8fO{ n8\b}
l;Sg] s'/f ePsfn] dnfO{ cfkm' ;xefuL ;a} sfjf{xLx? Tolts} gof" /
dxTjk"0f{ nfUb5g\ . t/ klg ;kmn / c;kmn @ j6f n8fO"af/] tkfO{nfO{
s]xL atfp"5' . ;kmntfsf] sf]0faf6 nfxfg df]rf{ h'g k"jL{ sdfgs}
t/fO{sf] klxnf] 7"nf] sfjf{xL lyof] g} dw]z / kxf8sf] cGt;{DaGwnfO{
hf]8\g] dxTjk"0f{ kmf}hL s8L lyof] . of] sfjf{xLdf zx/L sfjf{xL s;/L cl3
a9fpg ;lsG5 eGg] gof" cg'e"lt k|fKt eof] . xfd|f] sd Ifltdf xfdLn]
b'Zdgaf6 7"nf] ;+Vofdf xft xltof/ / a}+saf6 7"nf] cfly{s sAhf ;d]t
ug{ ;kmn eof}+ . To:t} xfdL c;kmn ePsf] df]rf{sf] s'/f ubf{ r}gk'/df ePsf]
eL8Gt xf] . ;+s6sfndf cg]s x}/fg, k/]zfg / b'Mv si6 Aoxf]/]/, ef]sef]s} /x]/
kfgLdf leHb} xfdL r}gk'/df sfjf{xL ug{ k'Uof}+ . Toxf" klxn] g} xfd|f]
Knfg PS;kf]h ePsf] /x]5 ;fy} b'Zdgsf] gof" kmf]6L{lkms]zg, pRr
e"uf]n, ljljw 3]/f / dfOg Pj+ xfdLtkm{ k|fljlws tof/Lsf] sldsf sf/0f
b'Zdgsf s]xL j+s/ / 6g]n Wj:t kfb}{ s]xL o'4 ;fdfu|L sAhf u/]/ klg o'4 nDab}
uPsf sf/0f xfdL l/6«L6 x'g'k¥of] . t/ kmf}hL hLjgsf] lglDt cfjZos cToGt
dxTjk"0f{ lzIff of] df]rf{n] lbPsf] 5 .Æ
cfkm';"u;"u} n8\bf–n8\b} tLy{ uf}td, kmQ :dfnL, lbndfof
of]~hg, lzlz/, ch'{g, lzlj/, sljtf, ljsf;, kf;fª, wL/h, ljxfgL, cldtf, sNkgf,
;'emfj;lxt bhgf}+ ;xof]4fx?n] jL/ult k|fKt u/]sf] :d/0f ub}{ lj|u]8 sdf08/
;+hLj eGg' x'G5– æn8\bf–n8\b} cfºgf] 5]pd} ;xof]4fx? 9Nbf dnfO{ pxf"x?sf]
jL/tfk"0f{ zxfbtn] Psflt/ cfqmf]z, abnfefj / kL8fsf] cg'e"lt x'G5 eg]
csf]{lt/ pxf"x?sf] Tof] zfx; / jL/tfn] cfkm'df gof" phf{ yk]sf] /
cfkm'n] h:tf] ;'s} cj:yfdf klg pxf"x?sf] af6f]nfO{ cg';/0f ug'{kg]{
cg'e"lt k}bf x'G5 . o;n] cfjZos kbf{ /ut aufpg d cfkm' hltv]/ klg tof/
x'g'k5{ eGg] ulx/f] Aojxfl/s cg'e"lt klg ddf k}bf eof] .Æ
tkfO{x?n] e?jf aGb's / nf7L–9'¨faf6 z'? u/]sf] hgo'4 clxn] zfxL
;]gfsf zlQmzfnL Aof/]sx? sAhf ug]{ of] cj:yf;Dd cfOk'Ug' leqsf] /x:o s] 5 eg]/
k|Zg ubf{ s= ;+hLjn] eGg' eof]– æ;dfhsf] ljsf; g} n8fO", ;+3if{af6 ePsf]
kfp5f}+ . kl/jt{gsf] lglDt ;+3if{ clgjfo{ zt{ xf] . xfdL qmflGtsf/Lx?
ljrf/–1fgnfO{ g} d'Vo 7fG5f}+ / ;To, Gofo, ;dfgtfsf] nflu nl8/x]sf 5f}+ . t/
k'/fgf] ;Qf cGofo, cTofrf/, zf]if0f, bdg / lyrf]ldrf] sfod /fVg ljrf/sf lj?4
xltof/sf jndf xfd|f lj?4 nl8/x]sf] 5 . To;}n] ;xL ljrf/sf cfwf/df hgtfdf e/
k/]/ hgtf g} ;xefuL eP/ nl8Psf] xfd|f] n8fO" of] prfO{df cfOk'Ug /
b'Zdgsf] zlQm Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ 7"n–7"nf wSsf vfg ;Dej ePsf] xf] .
tkfO{n] /x:osf] s'/f] ug'{ eof]– æxfd|f] n8fO" of] prfO{;Dd cfpg'sf k5fl8
Pp6f /x:o s] 5 eg] xfd|f] o'4sf] qmddf ljsl;t j}1flgs ljrf/ k|r08kysf] ljlw 7Ls
9+un] k|of]u u/]s} sf/0f hgo'4 ljhosf] prfO{tkm{ cufl8 al9/x]sf] xf] . ca b'Zdg
k"0f{?kdf k/f:t x'g] lbg Tolt 6f9f 5}g . xfd|f] ljb|f]x pbfpbf] 3fd xf],
l5§} o;n] b'lgof"nfO{ pHofnf] 3fdsf] tfk lbg] 5 .Æ
xfn d]rL–sf]zLdf hgd'lQm ;]gfdf egf{ x'g] qmd tLa| /x]sf] s'/f
sdf08/ ;+hLj atfp"g' x'G5 . pxf"n] hg;]gfdf dlxnf–k'?if ;+Vof em08}
xf/fxf/L h:tf] /x]sf] / sltko df]rf{x?df dlxnfx?n] ;kmn sdfl08ª ul//x]sf] klg
atfp"g' eof] . zfxL ;]gf / k|x/Laf6 ljb|f]x u/]/ cfPsf l;kfxLx?n]
cfkm'x?;"u ;d]t ;Dks{ ul//x]sf] / sltko o'4df nfu]sf] atfp"b}
pxf"n] d]rL–sf]zLdf xfn} ePsf PDa'; / k|ToIf eL8Gtdf ;of}+ ;]gf tyf k|x/L
dfl/Psf] / pgLx? tkm{ ePsf] 7"nf] IftLn] b'Zdg Ift ljIft ag]sf]
atfp"g' eof] . b'Zdgaf6 xfn unt / em'¶f k|rf/ e}/x]sf] / b'Zdgn] ug]{
k|rf/df s'g} ;Totf gePsf] pbfx/0f ;d]t pxf"n] lbg' eof] .
lj|u]8 sdf08/ ;+hLjn] cfkm'x? b'Zdg lj?4 k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/Lsf]
r/0fdf /x]sf] atfp"b} cfd hg;d'bfodf cfu|x ug'{x'G5– æxfd|f] hgd'lQm ;]gf
;b}a lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] dfWodaf6 hgtfsf] lgu/fgLdf /xL hgtfsf] ;]jf ug{ tTk/ 5 .
k'/fgf] ;Qf clGtd lj36gdf k'u]sf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfo hgd'lQm
;]gf;"u PsfPs x'"b} v'lg b'Zdgsf] lsNnfdfly hfOnfUg tof/ /xg' k5{ .
dxfg\ hgtfsf] ckf/ Pstf eof] eg] hlt 7"n} jfbzfxx? klg unf{Dd–u'n'{d 9Ng
;S5g . hgtfnfO{ x/fpg] b'Zdgsf s'g} tfut 5}g . To;}n] cfpg' xf];\ ca cf–cfºgf]
7fp"af6 Ps k6s ;a} h¥ofs h'?s p7f}+ / b'Zdg dfly clGtd k|xf/ u/f]+ .Æ
…/]8– uf8{Ú j'6]lng
k|sflzt
sf7df08f}+÷ hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn, k"jL{ l8lehg sfof{non]
;d–;fdlos ;}Go j'n]l6g …/]8–uf8{Ú xfn} k|sflzt u/]sf] 5 .
dxfg\ hgo'4sf] gjf}+ jif{ k|j]z;"u} k|sfzg cf/De ePsf]
/]8–uf8{sf] of] klxnf] c+sdf dfcf]jfbL cWoIf Pj+ hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf ;'lk|d
sdf08/ s= k|r08sf] ljz]if cGtjf{tf{ ;fd]n 5 . To;}u/L kf6L{ :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o s=
ls/0fsf] …;}Go If]qdf u'0ffTdstf xfl;n u/f}+Ú lzif{ssf] n]v, kf6L{
kf]ln6Ao"/f] ;b:o Pj+ k"jL{ l8lehg sdf08/ cgGtsf] …k"jL{ sdf08df
;}Go pknlAw / cfufdL sfdaf/]Ú lzif{ssf] n]v ;d]t ;d]l6Psf] 5 . k|sfzgdf s= dfcf],
xf]ªsL / lbg]zsf n]vx?, k"jL{ sdf08sf sfjf{xL ljj/0f, ;]gfdf k|of]u x'g]
s]xL ;'q zJbx?, zxLb kl/ro, xltof/af/] hfgsf/L, s]xL kfl/eflifs zAb kl/ro,
k|sfzg kl/ro, k|]; aStAonufotsf
;fdu|Lx?;d]t lbOPsf] 5 .
k|jf;L g]kfnL o'jfsf]
e"ldsfjf/] uf]i7L
ef/tsf] rlr{t zx/ snsQfdf
oxL kmfu'g !^ ut] g]kfnL hgqmflGtdf k|jf;L g]kfnL o'jfx?sf] e"ldsf ljifos
ljrf/ uf]i7L ;DkGg eof] . of]+u sDo"lgi6 lnu g]kfn ! g+ lhNnf ;ldltsf]
cfof]hgfdf ;DkGg pQm ljrf/ uf]i7Ldf k|d'v jQmf s= k|zfGt x'g'x'Gyf] . cGo
jQmfx?df g]kfnL hgclwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldltsf s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ cd[t yfkf, hgclwsf/
;ldltsf g]tf /d]z zdf{, uf]kfn lj=s=, dlxnf k|ltlglw ;Ldf yfkf, blnt df]rf{sf
z]/jxfb'/ lj=s=, hg;f:s[lts ;+3sf g/]z kf}8]n, hghfltsf] tkm{jf6 8L=jL=
>]i7nufotsf jQmfx?n] jf]Ng' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf æg]kfnL hgqmflGtdf
k|jf;L g]kfnL o'jfx?sf] e"ldsfÆ ljifos sfo{kq of]+u sDo"lgi6 lnu
g]kfn ! g+ lhNnf cWoIf ljZjf;n] k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd ljZjf;sf]
;efkltTj / k|j]usf] ;+rfngdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
xTof/f] 1fg]sf] k'Tnf hnfOof]
oxL kmfu'g $ ut] nlntk'/sf] dfN6f, Ko'6f/, ;+v', cf;|fª tyf
dsjfgk'/sf] Okf, /fOuf"p, kmfk/af/L, xflQ;'"8], 5lQjg, lr;fkfgL,
xl6of;lxt ;Dk?0f{ ufp"df cfÎg} j+zh Pj+ hgtfsf] xTof/f] 1fg]Gb| zfxLsf]
k'Tnf hnfOPsf] ;dfrf/ 5 . xhf/f} hg;d'bfosf;fy} dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{x? ;d]tsf]
;xeflutfdf gf/f nufpb} h'n'z k|b{zg ul/PkZrft\ 1fg]Gb|sf] cg'xf/ c+lst k'Tnfdf
cfuf] nufO{ hnfOPsf] lyof] .
jif{uf"7sf cj;/df zxLb ?b| kfv|Lg :d[lt k|ltIffno
dxfg\ hgo'4 cf7f}+ jif{ k'/f u/]/ gjf}+jif{df k|j]z u/]sf]
P]ltxfl;s cj;/df dsjfgk'/ lhNnfsf] Pl/of g+ ! cGt{ut /fO{ uf"pdf hgtfsf]
ljzfn pkl:yltsf aLrdf jflif{s pT;j sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . pQm P]ltxfl;s
cj;/df ;f]xL 7fp"df lhNnf cGt{ut ! g+ Pl/of kf6L{ / hgtfsf] >dbfg4f/f
dxfg zxLb s= ?b| kflv|gsf] ;Demgfdf æ?b| kflv|g :d[lt k|ltIffnoÆsf] lgdf{0f
ul/of] eg] pQm 7f"psf] gof" gfd æ?b|k'/Æsf] pb\3f6g sfo{qmd klg ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly % g+ lhNnf ;lrjfno ;b:o s=;ld/ x'g'x'GYof]
. /fOuf"p uf=h=;=sf ljleGg 7fp"sf hgtfx? gf/fafhL ub}{ afhfufhfsf ;fy
sfo{qmd:yn cfOk'u]sf lyP . aflif{s cj;/df :yfgLo hgtfx?n] sfo{qmdsf k|d['v
cltyL, zxLb kl/jf/ / snfsf/x?nfO{ km'ndfnf cjL/ nufO{ z'esfdgf JoQm u/] eg]
k|d'v cltly / cGo cltlyx?jf6 klg hgtfx?nfO{ km'ndfnf / cjL/ nufO{ z'esfdgf
lbOPsf] lyof] .
pQm sfo{qmddf :jfut
dGtJo s= /fdn] lbg'ePsf] lyof] eg] s= ;dL/, ls;fg ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ % g+ lhNnf
;ldltsf cWoIf ;LkL l3ld/], ! g+= Pl/of OGrfh{ s=eLd, %g+ lhNnf ;b:o s= Hof]lt,
& g+ lhNnf ;b:o s= /f]zg / ;]gRofª ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/sf ;b:o s= /ljn]
cf—cfÎgf egfO /fVb} jflif{s pT;j sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] jLr
jLrdf 5ltjg :d[lt hg;f+:s[lts kl/jf/n] hgjfbL uLt / g[To k|:t't u/]sf] lyof]
eg] dxfg zxLb ?b| kflv|gsL wd{kTgL s=/fddfof kflv|g klg sfo{qmddf pkl:yt x'g'
ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj /fOuf"p uf=h=; pkk|d'v s= 6]saxfb'/ lyªn]
ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] ;~rfng s=k|;f+ªn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
hgo'4sf] cf7f}
jif{uf"7sf] cj;/df dsjfgk'/ / nlntk'/ lhNnfsf !! j6} Pl/ofdf hgo'4
z'esfdgf cfbgk|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . To:t} ;j} Pl/ofdf tfdfª k|b]lzo :jfoQ ;Qfsf]
;Gb]z ;ef;d]t ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
o;}u/L kmfu'g & ut] % g+= lhNnf cGt{utsf ( j6f h=a=;= tyf
df]rf{sf] @ g+ Pl/of e]nf ;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 . pQm e]nfsf] pb\3f6g ;df/f]xsf]
cWoIftf s lhtdfg e'jgn] / sfo{qmd ;~rfng s= :d[ltn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . lhNnf
hg;/sf/ k|d'v s'df/L df]Qmfg k|d'v cltly /xg' ePsf] pQm e]nfdf cGo cltly s=
;dL/– @ g+=P/Lof OGrf{h, s= ;LkL l3ld/]– c=g]= ls;fg ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ lhNnf
cWoIf, s= kfj{tL /fgf– lhNnf cWoIf, cg]d;+3 qmflGtsf/L, s= eLd kflv|g– ;lrj
tfdfª /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{, a'4 /fO{– sf]iffWoIf s]Gb|Lo /fO{ bg'jf/ d'lQmdf]rf{,
s=k|sfz– (g+ Pl/of ;]qm]6/L, s=ho a=jfO{jf kmfk/jf/L uf=h=;= k|d'v, nlntf
kflv|g cg]/f:jljo' qmflGtsf/L, s=/jL ;b:o ;]GRofª ;f:s[lts kl/jf/sf] pkl:ylt
/x]sf] pQm sfo{qmdf zxLb k|lt df}g wf/0ff ub}{ k|d'v cltlyaf6 sfo{qmdsf]
;d'b3f6g ePsf] lyof]] . sfo{qmddf
lji0f'dfof l3l;ªn] :jfut efif0f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] :jfut uLt 5ltjg :d[lt
;f+:s[lts kl/jf/n] k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] . pQm e]nfkl5 ;lrjfnosf] gf} j6f hj;x? /
df]rf{x?jf6 sfo{ ;ldltsf] u7g tyf k'g{u7g ul/Psf] 5 . h; cg';f/ nlntf kflv|gsf]
cWoIftfdf !g+ df c/jfg qmflGtsf/Lsf] ( ;b:oLo ;ldlt u7g, @ g+ df lji0f'dfof
l3l;ªsf] cWoIftfdf & ;b:oLo c=g]=d= ls;fg ;+3-qmflGtsf/L_ ;ldlt u7g, # g+
df hLtdfg e'jgsf] cWoIftfdf clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sf] gf} ;b:oLo
;ldlt, $ g+ df hLtaxfb'/ jfOjfsf] cWoIftfdf ( ;b:oLo tfdfª /fli6«o d'lQm
df]rf{, % g+ Pl/ofsf] v8\saxfb'/ kl/of/sf] cWoIftfdf ( ;b:oLo blnt d'lQm
df]rf{, ^ g+ df xl/ du/sf] cWoIftfdf % ;b:oLo du/ft d'lQm df]rf{ , & g+ df
ltns /fO{sf] cWoIftfdf & ;b:oLo /fO{ bg'jf/ d'lQm df]rf{, *g+ df s=afj'/fdsf]
cWoIftfdf % ;b:oLo dflem d'lQm df]rf{sf] / (g+ df kmi6axfb'/ >]i7sf]
cWoIftfdf % ;b:oLo g]jf/ d'lQm df]rf{sf Pl/of u7g ul/Psf] .
;fdGtsf] esf/L sAhf
oxL kmfu'g & ut] dsjfgk'/sf] kmfk/jf/L uf=h=;=df
/f=k|=kf=sf k'j{ lhNnf ;efklt tyf jt{dfg /fli6«o ;efsf ;f+;b k|e'axfb'/ yfkfsf]
3/ tyf afnL sAhf ul/Psf] 5 . df]xLnfO{ lbg'kg]{ ;a} lbP/ af"sL !)) d'/L
wfg, !)d'/L ds} sAhf ul/Psf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmd ;of}+ hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf ;fdGt
yfkfsf] 3/df tfnf nufO{ v]taf/Ldf kf6L{sf] em08f ufl8Psf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmdsf]
g]t[Tj cg]ls;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_n] u/]sf] lyof] .
zfxL;]gfåf/f xTof / s'6kL6
sfe|] lhNnfsf] luDbLdf kmfu'g # ut] j8f hg;/sf/ k|d'v nf]saxfb'/ / ^) aif{sf a[4 ljqmd nfdfnfO{ zfxL
cd]l/sg ;]gfn] xTof u/]sf] 5 . pxf"x?nfO{ kqmfp kZrft\ xTof ul/Psf] lyof]
. pQm xTofkZrft\ ufp"sf @) hgf ls;fg tyf sof} dlxnfx?nfO{ s'6kL6 ul/Psf] 5
. ;f] qmddf xTof/f] b:tfn] kf6L{sf em08f RofTg'sf ;fy} hgo'4sf zxLbx?sf]
;Ddfgdf lgld{t zlxb u]6 jd xfgL eTsfPsf] lyof] .
af/fdf h'n'z / sfjf{xL
hgo'4sf] gjf}+ jif{
k|j]zsf cj;/df jf/fsf ;Dk"0f{ ufp"df dzfn h'n'; k|b{zg ul/Psf] ;dfrf/
5 . af/fsf] lghu9 lj/]Gb|rf]s b]lv ;'? ePsf] Ps h'n'z ! 306fkZrft\ ;efdf kl/0ft
ePsf] lyof] . ;f] qmddf ! g+ lhNnf OGrf{h s= lbks / ljBfyL{ lhNnf cWoIf Pg
l3ld/]n] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] .
o;}jLr la/u~h / sn}of hf]8g]
k'n 5fkfdf/x?n] PDj';jf6 Wj:tkf/]sf 5g\ . To:t} sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{no
sn}ofdf jd lj:kmf]6 u/fOPsf] 5 . k;f{sf] la/u~hl:yt s[lif ;fdfu|L ;:yfg, 3/]n'
tyf ;fgf ls;fgdf;d]t jd ljikmf]6 u/fpbf ejg Wj:t ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
o;}jLr af/fsf] u9'jfn lgjf;L ;fdGt u?8 zdz]/ ha/fsf]
;Dk"0f{ wfg g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_n] sAhf u/]sf] ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf] 5 .
hgsk'/÷oxL kmfu'g @$ ut]
/fd]5fksf] 88'jf ufh;sf] sfnfkfgLdf hgbdgsf nflu uPsf] zfxL ;]gf / k|xLsf]
hYyfnfO{ hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn rf}wf} j6flnPgsf] Ps 6's8Ln] w/fkdf kfbf{ & hgf
zfxL ;]gfsf] d[To" ePsf] s'/f k'jL{ sdfg sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . pQm 36gfdf
Ps bh{g ;]gf / k|x/L 3fOt];d]t ePsf 5g\ . o;cl3 kmfu'g !$ ut] 88'jfs}
km"nf;L / kmfu'g ! ut] e'ªn'ª6f/df ePsf ljw'tLo w/fkdf k/L cfwf bh{g zfxL
;]gfsf] Hofg uPsf] lyof] . o;}u/L oxL kmfu'g @! ut] ;nf{xLsf] xl/jg–( sf]
k"j{–klZrd /fh{dfudf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] Ps 6's8Ln] yfk]sf] ljB'tLo w/fkdf kl/
zfxL ;]gfsf] d]h/;xLt !) hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . pQm 36gfdf Ps bh{geGbf
a];L zfxL ;]gf ;d]t 3fOt] ePsf] k"jL{ sdf08 cGtu{t k"jf{~rn If]qLo
Jo"/f] sfof{non] hgfb]znfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 .
zfxL ;]gfsf] k"jL{ k[tgf x]8Sjf6{/ O6x/Laf6
sf7df8f}+tkm{ n:s/} uO/x]sf ;]gfsf 5 6«sdWo] d]h/, ;xfos d]h/;xLt /x]sf]] af!u
!%@* g+sf] bf];|f] 6«s w/fkdf k/]sf] lyof] . w/fkdf k/]kl5 pQm 6«s !% lkm6
dfly;Dd pl5l6\Psf] / pQm :yfgdf !) ju{km'6 ulx/f]sf] vfN8f] ePsf] ;d]t
Jo"/f] sfof{non] hgfPsf] lyof] . 36gfkl5 ;]gfn] $ 306f;Dd /fhdfu{sf]
cfjfudg cj/f]w u/]sf] / d[ts tyf 3fOt] zfxL ;]gfnfO{ cf];fg{ b'O{j6f x]lnsf]K6/
k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] .
o; 36gfkl5 cfÎgf] ;jf/L ;fwg sf7df8f}+tkm{ uO/x]sf s'/f s;/L
dfcf]jfbL;Dd k'Uof] elg zfxL ;]gfleq v}Nnfa}nf dlRrg uPsf] zfxL ;]gf lgs6
;|f]tn] hgfb]znfO{ atfPsf] 5 . zfxL ;]gf / k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;~rf/ dfWodn]
zfxL ;]gftkm{ @ hgf dfq d/]sf] k|rf/ u/]sf] lyof] . o;cl3 ;f]xL
7fp"df k';sf] klxnf] ;ftf zfxL ;]gfsf] hLk w/fkdf kfbf{ s]xLsf] d[To'
x'gsf ;fy} !! 3fOt] ePsf lyP .
ef]hk'/ ;b/d'sfddflysf]
sfjf{xL k"0f{ ;kmn
lj/f6gu/, ÷hgd'lQm ;]gf,
g]kfn k"jL{ l8ljhgsf] Pp6f kmf];{n] oxL kmfu'g !( ut] /ftL ef]hk'/
;b/d'sfddf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ljleGg c+ux?dfly u/]sf] cfqmd0f k"0f{ ;kmn ePsf]
5 . dxfg\ hgo4sf] gjf} jif{ k|j]z / zxLb ;Ktfxsf] pknIodf ePsf] pQm sf/jfxLsf]
qmddf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] of]hgf cg';f/ b"/;+rf/ 6fj/, lhNnf k|zf;g, lh=lj=;, /fli6«o
jfl0fHo a}snfO{ k"0f{ Wj:t kfg]{, lh=k|= sfof{nonfO{ ;]af]6]h ug]{ /
;]gfsf] Aof/]snfO{ /f]Sg] tyf Iflt k'¥ofpg] sfd ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ePsf]
s'/f sf/jfxLkZrft hf/L lj1lKtdf hgfOPsf] 5 . hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] of] ;kmn
xdnfaf6 km]l/ Ps}k6s cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb / zfxL kmf;LjfbLx?sf] kl5Nnf] kmf}hL
/0fgLlt c;kmn ePsf] 5 / slyt cfTd;dk{0f / dfcf]jfbL zlQm IfL0f eof] eGg]
xf}jfsf] ;d]t kbf{kmf; x'g k'u]sf] 5 . o;n] k"jL{ sdf08df}{ hgd'lQm
;]gfsf] k+lQm / kf6L{sf] ljsf;nfO{ ;d]t u'0ffTds prfO{df k'/\ofPsf] 5 .
ef]]hk'/df hg;]gf / k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;'/IffsdL{aLr ePsf] bf]xf]/f] le8Gtsf] oyfy{
ljj/0f k|:t''t ub{} g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_+ k"jL{ s]Gb|Lo
sdfG8sf O~rfh{ s= cudn] kmfu'g @! ut] Ps jQmJo ;fj{hlgs ug{'ePsf] 5 .
ef]]hk'/ 36gfsf] yyfy{ lrq k|:t't ul/Psf]] pQm jQmAo o; k|sf/ 5 .–
æ@)^) kmfu'g !( ut] /ftL ef]hk'/ lhNnf l:yt k'/fgf] ;Qfsf]
slyt ;b/d'sfdsf] b"/ ;+rf/ ;+:yfg l/lk6/ 6fj/df /x]sf] ;+o'Qm ;'/Iff
kmf}hsf] kf]i6dfly k"jL{ s]Gb|Lo sdf08df sfo{/t hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf]
l8ljhgsf] g]t[Tjdf ul/Psf] kmf}hL sfj{fxL lgwf{l/t nIo cg'?k zfgbf/ ?kdf ;kmn
ePsf] 5 . of] jL/tfk"0f{, ;fxl;s / ;kmn sfjf{xLdf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf zfxL
;]gf / ;z:q k|x/L u/L $) hgf eGbf a9L d/]sf / @# hgf eGbf a9L uDeL/ ?kdf 3fOt]
ePsf 5g\ . of] sfj{fxLdf OG;f;, 6' OGr df]6f{/, P;=Pn=cf/, Pn=Pd=hL=, P;=Pd=hL=,
#)# /fOkmn ;lxt %) yfg eGbf a9L cTofw'lgs / ;fwf/0f xltof/, ltgsf !) xhf/ eGbf
a9L uf]nL / cGo ljljw o'4 ;fdu|Lx? sAhf ug{ / lhNnf k|zf;g nufotsf sfo{nox?
IFtljIft kfg{ hgd'lQm ;]gf ;kmn ePsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} s]xL zfxL ;]gf / ;z:q
k|x/LnfO{ ;d]t sAhfdf lnO{ pgLx?;+u h]g]ef ;lGw cg';f/sf] Jojxf/ ul/Psf]
5 . of] kmf}hL sfjf{xLnfO{ ;kmn t'Nofpg] k|lqmofdf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf Ps bh{g
eGbf a9L of]4fx?sf] zxfbt ePsf] 5 / @% hgf eGbf a9L of]4fx? 3fOt] x'g' ePsf]
5 .
;j{k|yd, of] ;kmn sfjf{xLdf pRr zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ x'g]
;Dk"0f{ jL/ of]4fx?df k"jL{ s]Gb|Lo sdf08 ;–;Ddfg qmflGtsf/L
efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{5 . o;} qmddf k"jL{ s]Gb|Lo sdf08
;Dk"0f{ 3fOt] of]4fx?sf] zL3| :jf:Yo nfesf] xflb{s sfdgf ub{5 . o;sf
;fy}, k"jL{ s]Gb|Lo sdf08 pRr k|sf/sf] zf}o{, ljj]s / jL/tf k|:t't u/L ;f]
kmf}hL sfjf{xLnfO{ ;kmn kfg{'x'g] hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf ;Dk"0f{ jL/of]4fx?
k|lt qmflGtsf/L wGojfb JoQm ub{5 .
dxfg\ hgo'4n] /0fgLlts ;Gt'ngaf6 k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/Lsf]
r/0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] clxn]sf] ljlzi6 ;Gbe{df ;DkGg of] ;fxl;s / ;kmn sfjf{xLsf]
/fhgLlts / kmf}hL b'a} b[li6n] ljz]if dxTj 5 . of] ;kmn sfjf{xLn] Psflt/
dfcf]jfbLsf] o'4Ifdtf sdhf]/ aGb} uPsf] 5 eGg] b'Zdgsf] b'ik|rf/nfO{ lr/]/
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] cf8df g]kfnL hg;d'bfodfly lgd{d bdg,hgxTof / /fHocft+s
yf]kb}{ tyf /fi6`3ft ub}{ cfPsf] ;fdGtL zfxL ;}lgs clwgfosjfbdfly ultnf] emfk8
lbPsf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ o;n] dxfg\ hgo'4sf] /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/Ldf
cfwfl/t kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo of]hgfnfO{ ;kmn t'Nofpg] k|lqmofdf Pp6f dxTjk"0f{
e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] ;fy}, of] ;kmn sfjf{xLn] k"j{df
kmf}hL sfdnfO{ u'0ffTdstf k|bfg ug]{ lbzfdf Pp6f sf];]9'¨fsf] sfd u/]sf]
5 .
cGtdf, xfdL s] :ki6 kfg{ rfxG5f}+ eg] of] ;kmn kmf}hL
sfjf{xLsf af/]df k'/fgf] ;Qfn] lhNnf ;b/d'sfd sAhf ug]{ dfcf]jfbL of]hgfnfO{
c;kmn kfl/of] egL lgs[i6 b'M:k|rf/ u/]sf] 5 . jf:tljstf s] xf] eg] xfd|f]
of]hgf ;b/d'sfd sAhf ug]{ ge} Toxf l:yt k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;}lgs Aof/]s / cGo
;'/Iff kmf];{nfO{ /IffTds l:yltdf /fvL l/lk6/ 6fj/df l:yt ;+o'Qm ;'/Iff
kmf}hsf] kf]i6 sAhf ug'{ /x]sf] lyof] / Tof] zfgbf/ ?kdf ;kmn ePsf] 5 . o;n]
k'/fgf] ;Qf ;b/d'sfdx?df klg /IffTds l:yltdf /xg afWo 5 eGg] oyfy{sf] /fd|f]
k'li6 ub{5 .Æ
o;}u/L ef]hk'/ ;b/d'sfddfly cfqmd0fsf sf/jfxL sdf08/ Pj+
hgd'lQm ;]gfsf k"jL{ l8lehg sdf08/ s= cgGtn] kmfu'g @# ut] Ps jQmJo hf/L
ub}{ sf/jfxLsf] oyfy{ ;fj{hlgs ug"{ ePsf] 5 . sdf08/ cgGtåf/f hf/L
jQmJosf] k"0f{ kf7 o;k|sf/ 5 –æcfb/0lfo hg;d'bfo, xfdL ljhoL ePsf 5f+} /
/0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] Pp6f v'8\lsnf] kf/ u/]sf 5f}+ . cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfbsf] k|ToIf of]hgf / lgb]{zgdf /x]sf] zfxL kmf;LjffbLx?sf] Pp6f
df]rf{nfO{ k/f:t ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5f}+ / k"jL{ g]kfndf u'0ffTds 5nf¨ nufPsf
5f}+ . oxL @)^) ;fn kmfu'g !( ut] /ftL dxfg\ hgo4sf] gjf} jif{ k|j]z /
zxLb ;Ktfxsf] pknIodf hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfnsf] k"jL{ l8ljhgsf] Pp6f kmf];{n]
ef]hk'/ ;b/d'sfddf Pp6f P]ltxfl;s / ;kmn xdnf u/]sf] 5 . of]hgf cg';f/
b"/;+rf/ 6fj/, lhNnf k|zf;g, lh=lj=;, /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}snfO{ k"0f{
Wj:t kfg]{, lh=k|= sfof{nonfO{ ;]af]6]h ug]{ / ;]gfsf] Aof/]snfO{ /f]Sg] tyf
Iflt k'¥ofpg] sfd ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . o; xdnfaf6 Ps}k6s
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb / zfxL kmf;LjfbLx?sf] kl5Nnf] kmf}hL /0fgLlt c;kmn ePsf]
5 . o;af6 slyt cfTd;dk{0f / dfcf]jfbL zlQm IfL0f eof] eGg] xf}jfsf]
kbf{kmf; ePsf] 5 . o;n] k"jL{ sdf08df ;}Go sdhf]/L /x]sf] cflb ;a}
ts{nfO{ e'm6 ;fljt ub}{ hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] k+lQm / kf6L{sf] ljsf;nfO{ u'0ffTds
?kn] ;+t'ngdf NofPsf] 5 .
hgd'lQm ;]gf,
g]kfnsf] k"jL{ l8ljhg sdf08/ s= cgGt tyf sfjf{xLsf efO; sdfG8/ s=
/fh]z, lau|]8 sdfG8/x? s=;+hLa, s=
k|df]b, tyf la|u]8 sld;f/x? s= cg's"n, s= k/jfgf, s= ljzfn /
If]=;+=Jo"/f]sf] kf6L{ g]t[Tj ;xLtsf] ;xeflutfdf pQm ;kmn xdnf ;DkGg ePsf]
5 . ;f] xdnfdf zfxL ;]gf / k|x/L tkm{ $) hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 , @% hgf
eGbf al9 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ / ^ hgfnfO{ o'4aGbLsf ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 . ;f]
sfjf{xLaf6 OG;f; !!, Pn=Pd=hL #, P;=Pd=hL=$, P;=Pn=cf/=$, 6' OGr df]6f{/ !,
;6ug #, DofUgd /fOkmn $, y|L g6 y|L /fOkmn !(, dfph/ @ u/L hDdf %! yfg xltof/ /
ljleGg k|sf/sf !) xhf/ eGbf a9L uf]nLx? nufotsf o'4 ;fdu|Lx? hgd'lQm ;]gfsf]
sAhfdf lnOPsf 5g\ .
ef]hk'/ ;b/d'sfddf ePsf] of] P]ltxfl;s xdnfdf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf
xf]gxf/ sdf08/ / ;xsdf08/x?n] hLjgsf] ;jf]{Rr d"Nosf] alnbfg r'sfpg' ePsf]
5 . ;fx;, jL/tf / zf}o{n] e/k"/ axfb'/ of]4fx? s=slkn, s=czf]s, s=
pQd, s= /lQmd, s=ljb|f]x, s=cldt, s=czf]s, s=k"gd, s=kjg, s=lbnLk,
s=zf]lift, s=s|flGt, s=cfs|f]z, s= /fhg, s=kl/efif, s=lgi7f, s=lgzf, s=lbg]z
nufot @# hgfn] zxfbt k|fKtug'{ ePsf] 5 . ;fy}, sfjf{xLsf] tof/Lsf] qmddf
/fd]5fksf] r'r'/] le8Gtdf !! hgf / P];]n' vs{sf] le8Gtdf ( hgf u/L hDdf @) hgf
of]4fx?n] klg zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] 5 . o;} qmddf b'Zdgtkm{ r'r'/]df !^
hgf, P];]n' vs{df ^ hgf, vf]6f¨df # hgf / b]p/fnLdf 5 hgf u/L #) hgfsf] d[To'
ePsf] 5 tyf sDtLdf %) hgf 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ / ulnn /fOkmn ! tyf To;sf !%)) uf]nLx?
hg;]gfsf] sAhfdf lnOPsf 5g\ . of] k|lqmofdf cg]sf}+ sdf08f] cfqmd0f ;xLtsf
k|lt/f]w / o'4 d"Nosf] hudf P]ltxfl;s ljho xfl;n ul/Psf] 5 . xfdL
tof/L / k|lt/f]wsf qmddf zxfbt k|fKt a6flnog sdf08/ s= ljKnj, ;xsdf08/ s= a;Gt
;xLt ;Dk"0f{ jL/ zxLbx? k|lt /]8 :ofn'6 -/ftf] ;nfd_ 6s|ofp"5f} /
dxfg\ zxLb kl/jf/, cfkmGthg tyf ;xof]4fx? k|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub]{ zf]snfO{
zlQm Pj+ uj{df abNg xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . o;}u/L xfdL jL/ hgd'lQm ;]gfsf 3fOt] of]4fx?sf] zL3| :jf:Yo
nfesf] sfdgf ub{5f}+ . ;fy}, xfdL xdnfdf ;xefuL k"jL{ l8ljhgsf
;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?, kf6L{, hg;/sf/, df]rf{, h=j=;= / hg;d'bfok|lt xflb{s awfO{
Pj+ cfef/ k|s6 ub{5f}+ . cGtdf, xfdL /fhgLlts k|Tofqmd0f / hgljb|f]xsf]
;+3f/df plePsf] dxfg\ hgo'4nfO{ ljhodf k'¥ofpg gof" Pstf, ;fx;, jL/tf Pj+
uDeL/ lhDd]jf/Laf]wsf ;fy cl3 a9\g ;Dk"0f{ k+lQmdf yk clkn ub{5f}+ .Æ
;'/fsLnfO{ ;kmfof
g]kfnL hgtf / b]zsf] d'lQmsf] lgldQ nl8/x]sf g]kfn cfdfsf jL/
5f]/f5f]/Lx?sf] xTof ug{ v8f ul/Psf] z;:q k|x/L andf sfo{/t ;'/fsL hug
rf}w/LnfO{ xfn} jf/fdf dfcf]jfbLåf/f ;kmfof ul/Psf] ;dfrf/ 5 . s]xL ;do
klxn] slyt cd]l/sL zfxL ;]gfn] s= nfn' ofbjnfO{ lhpb} vfN8f]df /fvL xTofu/]sf]
lyof] . ;f]xL xTofsf] ;'/fsL ug]{ pQm ;'/fsL rf}w/LnfO{ !! kmfu'gdf
hgcbfntsf] cfb]zfg';f/ ;kmfof ul/Psf]] atfOPsf] 5 .
To:t} s= /jLGb|sf] xTofdf ;'/fsL ;fy} xTofdf ;+DnUg slyt
lzIfs a]nfk'/ 8]6f af/fsf] /fd]Zj/ ofbjnfO{ kmfu'g (ut] / ;f]xL xTofsf] ;'/fsL
ef]nf k6]nnfO{ !) ut] ;kmfof ul/Psf]
hgfOPsf] 5 . s= k|of; / l/hgn sdf08/ s= ;'lgnn] ut kmfu'g !$ ut]
lk=Pn=sdf08/ / le=l;= sf] zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfn] u/]sf] lgd{d xTofsf] lj/f]wdf Ps
lj1lKt k|sflzt ul/ pQm xTofsf] 3f]/ eT;{gf ub}{ zf]snfO{ zlQmdf abn]/ xTofsf]
abnf lng] k|ltj4tf JoQm ug'{ ePsf] 5 .
hg;]gfn] zfxL ;]gf eufof]
oxL kmfu'g @% ut]]
dsjfgk'/sf] kmfk/jf/Ldf kmfug' @& ut]sf] nflu lzlj/ ;~rfng ug{ uPsf] zfxL
cd]l/sL ;]gf;xLtsf xTof/f kmf}hnfO{ hgd'lQm ;]gfn] lzjL/;~rfng ug{ glbO{
eufO{lbPsf 5g\ . ;f] qmddf cfGt/Ls b'3{6gfdf kl/ % g+ sDkgLcGt{utsf lk=Pn=
;b:o -tfdfª y/sf t/ gfd yfxf gePsf]_ sf] zxfbt ePsf] 5 . ;fy} ljljw gfddf
uf"pdf kl; ;f]emf l;wf hgtfsf] sTn]cfd ug{ uPsf] pQm zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfnfO{
hgd'lQm ;]gfn] eufO{lbP kl5 hgtf xlif{t ePsf lyP .
hglx/f;t d'Qm
ut kmfu'g !& ut]
dfcf]jfbLåf/f hglx/f;tdf lnOPsf slyt /fhkl/ifb\sf ;b:o ;]v ;/fh'nfO{ kbaf6
/flhgfdf lbg] ;t{df olx kmfu'g@# ut] /f}tx6sf] a6xl/of uflj; l:yt as}ofjf6 l/xf
ul/Psf] 5 . ;~rf/sld{x?sf] /f]xj/df
gLhnfO{ lx/f;t d'Qm ul/Psf] lyof] .
hghflt dxf;+3sf] clkn
g]kfn hghflt dxf;+3n]
;+:yfks dxf;lrj ;'/]z cfn] du/nfO{ t'?Gt ;fj{hlgs u/L Goflos cbfntdf k]z ug{ Ps
k|]z lj1lKt dfkm{t dfu u/]sf] 5 . lj1lKtdf c;+j}wflgs ?kdf y'gfdf /flvPsf]
/ ;fj{hlgs gu/]sf]df dxf;+3 / cfj4 ;a} hftLo ;+u7gsf] uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f ePsf]
hgfOPsf] 5 .
lzIff sfof{nodf lj:kmf]6
@# kmfu'g zlgjf/ ljxfg
wgs'6f, lhNnf lzIff sfof{nodf k|];/s's/ ad lj:kmf]6g u/fOPsf] .
kmfug' @@ ut] nlntk'/
pkdxfgu/ kflnsfsf] !& gDj/ j8f sfof{nodf laxfg (M#) ah] ad lj:kmf]6g
u/fOPsf] . h;df sfof{nosf ;lrj /fds'df/ >]i7 3fOt] ePsf 5g . ejg
k'0f{t If]ltu|:t ePsf] 5 .@# ut] kmfu'g lbp";f] !@ ah] sf7df8f}+
dxfgu/kflnsf !^ gof" ahf/l:yt ;g/fOh Sofljg /]:6'/]G6df ad
lj:kmf]6g .
@@ ut]g} 7d]n:yLt
Snfl;s 8fpg 6fpg /]:6'/fdf ;fem ;jf ;ft
ah] jd lj:kmf]6g h;df k|x/L hjfg k|]d
lu/L 3fOt] ePsf 5g .
kmfu'g @@ ut] nlntk'/
!& g+=j8f sfof{nodf glhs}} jf6 s gljgf-kfN;fª nfdf_ nfO{ slyt ;'/Iff ann]
lu/km\tf/ ul/ a]kQff kf/]sf] 5 .
@# ut] kmfu'g lbp";f]
!@ ah] sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf !^ gof" ahf/l:yt ;g/fOh Sofljg /]:6'/]G6df
ad lj:kmf]6g .