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jif{ !# c+s !&, r}q !), @)^) March 23, 2004 No.17 Year 13 |
k'/fgf]
;Qfsf k|wfgdGqLnufotsf] hUuf sAhf
clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3-qmflGtsf/L_ df]/ªn] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf
k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfnufot df]/ªsf ljleGg ;fdGt tyf hldGbf/sf 5 ;o lj3f
eGbf j9L hUuf sAhf u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 .
ls;fg ;+3sf lhNnf cWoIf uf]ljGb lu/L4f/f
r}q * ut] hf/L u/]sf] lj1lKtdf ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf] @$ lj3f,
a/8+ufsf lul/hf ofbjsf] ! ;o !) lj3f, cd/bxsf lgd{n >]i7sf] ! ;o * lj3f,
uf]ljGbk'/sf g/]z b'u9sf] (@ lj3f, 8f+uLxf6sf ;'/]Gb|axfb'/ a:g]tsf] (@ lj3f,
jlgufdfsf t'n;Lh+u sfsL{sf] %( lj3f, b'nf/Ldf ltns l/hfnsf] @% lj3f, aljof
latf{df o'j/fh wf8]jfsf] @* lj3f, lbnLk wf8]jfsf] @) lj3f / jlgufdfsf
lji0f'k|;fb bfxfnsf] !) lj3f;lxt ^;oeGbf a9L lj3f hUuf sAhf ul/Psf] hgfOPsf] 5
. sJhf ul/Psf] hUuf e"ldlxg / u/Ljx?df ljt/0f ug}{ hgfOPsf] 5 .
o;}aLr dfcf]jfbLn] b/jf/Lof zfx kl/jf/
dfly sf/jfxLsf] qmddf ?kGb]xLsf] l6s'nLu9 j8f g+= ( adgLl:yt …lrlNxof b/af/Ú
sJhf u/]sf] 5 . b/jf/sf gft]bf/ s[i0fljqmd zfx a:b} cfPsf] pQm b/af/df ;of}
hgtfsf] ;xeflutfdf r}q & ut] /flt ePsf] sf/jfxLsf] qmddf b/jf/df lj:kmf]6g
u/fpg'sf ;fy} b'O{ j6f a;, Ps kh]/f], df]6/;fOsn, klDk+u;]6, lk|mh;lxt Uof/]h
k"0f{ ?kdf Wj:t agfOPsf] 5 . ;f] qmddf lrlNxof b/af/af6 6'6' /fO{kmn Ps,
!@ af]/ /fO{kmn b'O{ yfg, Ps Po/ug / Ps k]:tf]n, lel8of] Sofd]/f, l:6n Sofd]/f,
b'O{ j6f df]6/;fOsn, b'O{ j6f df]afOn ;]6, @ nfv gub, @% tf]nf ;'gsf uxgf sJhf
ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L b/jfl/ofx? bLksls/0f, clvn ljqmd / cgdljqmd zfxsf] 3/;d]t
vfgtnf;L u/L sfnf] wg sJhf ul/Psf] 5 .
rf/}lt/ gjf}+ jflif{sf]T;j
xiff]{Nnf;k"j{s dgfOof]
a}hfk'/ -af"s]_÷ uf}/jzfnL hgo'4sf] gjf}+
jflif{sf]T;j rf/}lt/ eJo?kn] dgfO/x]sf] va/ 5 . oxL l;nl;nfdf
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ af"s]±;'v]{t lhNnf cGtu{t Pl/of g+= % sf] cof]hgfdf
a}hfk'/ uf=h=;=sf] ;"o{nfnk'/ k|f=lj= df æg]kfndf u0ftGqsf] nflu ;+o'Qm
df]rf{ M ;+efjgf / r'gf}tLÆ ljifos cGt/s[of sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf
sf+u|];, Pdfn] nufotsf ljleGg /fhg}lts bnsf Pl/of:t/sf sfo{stf{x?, lzIfs,
sd{rf/L, cGo k|ultlzn JolQmTj, ls;fg / dlxnfx?sf k|ltlglwx? u/L ^% hgfsf]
;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;xeflux?n] lxhf] dfcf]jfbLsf] dfq gf/f ePsf] u0ftGq cfh
;a}sf] gf/f ePsf] 5, eGb} ca b]zdf l5§} u0ftGq k|flKt x'g] ljzjf; / uj{ JoQm
u/]sf lyP . :jf]3f]lift /fhfsf] lhNnf e|d0fnfO{ s6fIf ub}{ pgLx?n] eg]– æca /fhf
e"ldut z}nLdf n'lsrf]/L lhNnf lhNnfdf k+r¥ofnL ub}{ lxl8/x]sf 5g\ . o;n]
/fhtGq / u0ftGqnfO{ c? w|'ljs[t x'g g} ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .Æ ;xefuLx?sf lh1f;fsf]
:ki6Ls/0f ;lxt lhNnf hkl/ifb\ k|d'v k"0f{ ;'j]bL, dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ lhNnf
OGrfh{ s= jhL/, c=g]=ls=;+3-qmflGtsf/L_ e]=s= ;+of]hs lji0f' rf}w/Ln] cfkm\gf
wf/0ffx? /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .
cGt/s[of sfo{qmdsf] /f]rs kIf s] lyof] eg] jQmfx?n]
hgo'4sf] gjf}+ jflif{sf]T;jsf] z'esfdgf cfbfg–k|bfg u/]sf lyP .
o;}u/L sf]xnk'/sf] nVgf ufp"df lrofkfg /
l;Gb"/ hfqf u/L gjf}+ jflif{sf]T;j dgfOPsf] 5 . sf]xnk'/ ahf/ em08f,
Aofg/n] /ft} u/]/ jflif{sf]T;j dgfpbf hg;d'bfox?sf] dg k|km'Nn ePsf] b]lvGYof]
.
l9nf] u/L k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ af"s]sf] s6s'Oof
uf=h=;=df 1fg]Gb| zfxLsf] slyt clegGbgsf] nflu 6f"l;Psf] kf]i6/ /
kmf]6f]nfO{ dw]zL hg;d'bfon] hnfP/ uf8\b} æ1fg]Gb|nfO{ d'tLÆ lbPsf lyP .
To;}u/L ;f]xL lhNnfsf] P/Lof g+ $ s';'ddf hg;d'bfonfO{ hj/h:tL clegGbgdf hfg /
guP zfxL ;]gn] /fd|f] gug]{ r]tfjgL lb+b} u/]sf] xl/eQm 8fËLnfO{ hgtfsf]
lgu/fgLdf kf6L{ sfo{stf{x?n] lu/km\tf/ u/L sfnf] df];f], h'Qfsf] dfnf ;lxt
rf/kf6] d'08g u/L cfOGbf xTof/f]nfO{ clegGbgsf] xNnf gug{ eg]/ ejfgLofk'/af6
s';'d ahf/ k7fpbf æca clegGbgdf ghfg'xf]nfÆ eGb} ubf{ ;z:q k|x/Lsf P;=kL=n]
h'Qfsf] dnf kmfNg vf]Hbf /fhfnfO{ clegGbg ug{ af]nfpbf hgtfn] lbPsf] gf;f] d
/fhfnfO{ b]vfpg g]kfnu+h hfG5' eGbf hgtfn] To;nfO{ JoËfTds :jfut u/]sf lyP .
o;}aLr cfGtl/s b'3{6gfdf k/L lk=Pn=le=l;= s= ;'dg /
Pkm=hL=Pn= s= lztnsf] @)^) df3 @$ ut] ;xfbt ePsf] 5 .
…rs 8:6/n] dfq clwsf/
gkfOg] ePsfn] aGb's prfn]sf xf}+ Ú
;'v]{t÷ z}lIfs k]zf 5f]8]/ rs 8:6/ dfq xf]Og aGb's
prfn]sf s}og lzIfsx? dxfg\ hgo'4df ofqf/t 5g\ . ;dfh Joj:yf g} juL{o ePkl5
lzIff klg juL{o x'g] ePsf] qmflGtdf ;dflxt lzIfsx?sf] dt 5 . sl/a Ps bh{g
cfGbf]ng/t lzIfsx?;+u sflnsf]6sf] kmf]Odf ePsf] e]6sf] cj;/df clvn g]kfn lzIfs
;+u7g h'Dnf±sflnsf]6sf cWoIf s0f{Wjhn] eg]– æju{ ;dfhdf lzIff klg juL{o x'G5 .
k]zfut xslxtsf] nflu xfdL cfGbf]ng ul//x]sf 5f}+ . aGb's klg lzIff xf] .Æ
s0f{Wjh sl/a k'u gk'u Ps bzssf] z}lIfs cWofkg kZrft qmflGtdf ;dflxt ePsf x'g\ .
slyt ;+s6sfnsf] a]nf l8NnLsf]6sf lgbf]{if lzIfs bfgaxfb'/ l;+x nufotsf $ hgfsf]
;fd'lxs / qm'/ xTof cd]l/sg zfxL ;]gfn] u/]kl5 ælgbf]{if lzIfssf] xftsf] rs /
8:6/ /utn] lsg /+luof] <Æ o;sf] hjfkm vf]Hb} hf"bf qmflGt afx]s cWoog
ug]{ / cWofkg ug]{ ljZjljBfno csf]{ gePsf] a'em]kl5 cfGbf]ngdf ;dflxt ePsf]
pgsf] cg'e"lt 5 .
qmflGtdf nfu]klg cfGbf]ngdf sv/f ghfg]/ ;dflxt
qmflGtsf/L sfo{stf{x?nfO{ cem clzlIft dlxnf sfo{stf{nfO{ æ;fIf/tf hgjfbL
lzIffnoÆ sf] tkm{af6 cWofkg sfo{ u/fO/xg' ePsf] ;'gdfof zfxL æsv/f hfGg' t clt
cfjZos x'G5 t/ sv/f hfg]/ cfkm"nfO{ / b]znfO{ a'em\g Tof] lzIffsf] k|of]u
x'g'k5{ gqeg] k9]n]v]sf] s'g} dxTj gx'g]Æ atfp"b} ælg/If/tf lj/f]lw
cfGbf]ngsf] dxTj @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] z}lIfs r]tgf;+u hf]l8Psf] atfpg' x'G5 . ;fy}
;Dk"0f{ sv/f hfGg]x? ghfGg]nfO{ cf–cfkm\gf] IF]qaf6 ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ s'/fdf
hf]8 lbg' x'G5 . )^) c;f]haf6 ;+rflnt æ;fIf/tf hgjfbL lzIffnoÆ df æsv/f
P=la=l;=l8 / ! b]lv !)) ;Ddsf] cfwf/e"t kf7\oqmd @ dlxgfsf] /x]sf] 5 .
hgjfbL ;fIf/tf lzIffnodf !@ aif{ b]lv #* aif{ ;Ddsf dlxnf ljBfyL{x? /x]sf 5g\ .
of] ;fIf/tf ljBfno eGbf leGg nIo / p2]Zo af]s]sf]
æsfh' hgjfbL lzIffnoÆsf k|wfgfWofks k|Hhjn cfGbf]ngdf ;lxbsf, 6'x'/f
afnjlnsfnfO{ lzIffsf] pHofnf] Hof]tL 5g{ kfPsf]df uf}/jflGjt 5g\ / eG5g\–
æa'h'{jf kf7zfnfdf k};fsf] df]xn] h]n]sf] x'GYof] . ljleGg axfgfdf ljbf ldnfpg]
:s'nsf] k|rng g} xf] . h] eg]klg Toxf" cToGt} t'R5 :jfy{ lyof] t/
qmflGtsf] aLrdf x'ls{Psf] hg;Qfsf] z}lIfs sfo{ To;f] 5}g . :jfy{ 5 eg] ;fd'lxs
5 . ul/a lgd'vfx?sf] lxtdf s]Gb|Lt 5 .Æ ut c;f]h b]lvg} ;+rlnt æsfh' hgjfbL
lzIffnoÆnfO{ afn ;+/If0f s]Gb| eg]klg x'G5 . yf]/} ;dosf] -b'O{ dlxgf_ nufgLaf6
g} ;fgf –;fgf ljBfyL{ efO{alxgLx? lr7L n]Vg / k9\g ;Sg] eO;s]sf 5g\ . ;lxb
rt'e"{hsf 5f]/f / cgfy lw/axfb'/ kl/of/ o; ljBfnosf k|ltlglw ljBfyL{ x'g\
. æ)%& c;f]hdf cfkm\g} 3/sf] glhs xnf] hf]Tg uPsf] a]nf k'ln;x?åf/f ynf
k?~h]n lkl6Psf lzIfs lbg]z æ:jfledfgL eP/ afRgsf] lglDt hfuL/ 5f]8]sf]Æ atfpg'
x'G5 . lzIfsåo æoyfy{ / dx]znfO{ k'/fgf] hL0f{ ;Qfn] u/]sf] cfTd;dk{0fsf]
cfXjfg af/] ;f]4f cfTd;dk{0f k'/fgf] Aoj:yfsf] ;fd" slxNo} gug]{ atfpb}
æcfTd;dk{0fsf] xjfnf / cfXjfg b'j} xf/sf] kl/0ffdÆ ePsf] atfpg' x'G5 . u|fdL0f
Onfsfdf hgjfbL lzIffsf] cEof; eO/fv]sf] 5 . k'/fgf] Joj:yf gi6 eP/ gof"
pbLodfg hg;Qfsf] k"0f{ ljho kZrft dfq ;frf] hgjfbL lzIffnfO{ j}1flgs,
/fli6«o / hgjfbL agfP/ ;kmntfk"j{s lng ;lsg] s'/f lzIfsx?sf] cledt 5 . –/fhaxfb'/
s'"j/
u'Ktr/ xjNbf/sf] ;kmfof
bds÷ emfkfsf] a'waf/]–5 xf]S;]sf k'/fgf]
;Qfsf u'Ktr/ ljefusf xjNbf/ aneb| e6\6/fO{nfO{ oxL r}q * ut] lbp+;f] hg;]gfx?n]
;kmfof u/]sf 5g\ . lgh u'Ktr/ nfdf] ;dob]lv ;'/fsL, hgxTof, n'6kf6 / j]kQfsf
36gfdf ;+nUg lyP .
o;}jLr hg;]gfn] r}q * ut] laxfg ;f9] 5 ah]
Ps zlQmzfnL ad lj:kmf]6 u/fO{ klZrdL lrtjgl:yt d]3f}nL ljdfg:ynsf] 6fj/ Wj:t
kfl/lbPsf 5g\ . lj:kmf]6af6 eLPrPkm, PrP;aL, xfjf gfKg] Pldgf]ld6/, ck/]l6+u
k|0ffnLsf pks/0fx? tyf kmlg{r/ u/L sl/a @% nfveGbf a9Lsf] Iflt ePsf] atfOPsf] 5
.
sf7df8f}+d} P;P;kLn] lszf]/dfly
uf]nL xfg]
sf7df8f}+÷ oxL r}q & ut] zlgjf/
a;'Gw/fdf ePsf] ;fdfGo emu8fdf ssgLsf P;P;kL ;gt a:g]tn] Ps lgbf]{z o'jf lszf]/
v8\sfnfO{ uf]nL xfgL d/0ff;Gg kfl/lbPsf 5g\ . v8\sfnfO{ k|xf/ ul/Psf] uf]nLn]
cf"vf x"'b} 6fpsf] 5]8]sf] / a]xf]; cj:yfdf /x]sf v8\sfsf] pQm
cf"vf sfd gnfUg] ePsf] 5 .
zlgjf/ /ftL cf7 ah] a;'Gw/fdf ;fdfGo emu8f
x'"bf af!h ^#&# g+sf] Eofgdf cfPsf ;z:q k|x/Lsf P;P;kL ;gt a:g]tn] v8\sfnfO{
dfcf]jfbL P;6LPkm ;b:o ePsf] eGb} uf]nL k|xf/ u/]sf lyP . lgbf]{z v8\sfnfO{
uf]nL k|xf/ u/]kl5 :yfgLo jfl;Gbfn] cfOtaf/ a;'Gw/fdf ;z:q k|x/L ansf] Ps
ufl8dfly 9'+uf k|xf/ ub}{ gf/fafhL ;d]t u/]sf 5g\ . ;fy} of] If]qdf cfOtaf/
lbge/ oftfoftsf ;fwg ;~rfng x'g ;d]t lbOPsf] lyPg .
:yfgLo
afl;Gbfsf] cfqmf]zkl5 pQm uf]nLsf08af/] 5fgljg ug{ ;/sf/n] u[x dGqfnosf ;x–;lrj
;'zLn h+uaxfb'/ /f0ffsf] ;+of]hsTjdf tLg ;bl:oo ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] atfPsf] 5 .
of] 5fgljg ;ldlt hgtfsf] cfqmf]z dTy/ kfg{ / ck/fwL k|x/L P;P;kLnfO{ hf]ufpg
agfOPsf] :yfgLo afl;Gbf atfp5g\ .
5f]/fsf]
xTofsf] abnf lng qmflGtdf ;fd]n
;nf{xL a;Gtk'/–& sf of]u]Gb| /fo ofbj
cfºgf] 5f]/fnfO{ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf z'/IffsdL{n] 3/}af6 kqmfp u/L s]xL k/ k'¥ofP/ xTof
u/]sf]df pQm xTofsf] abnf lng cfkm' hgo'4df ;fd]n x'g] atfpg' x'G5 . %^
jifL{o of]u]Gb| ofbjn] hgfb]z;"u s'/fsfgLsf] qmddf eGg'eof]– æ#^ jif{sf]
d]/f] h]7f] 5f]/f] z'/];nfO{ 3/}af6 kqmfp u/L nu]/ xTof u/] . dflxnf]
5f]/f] g/]znfO{ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] eGb} kqmfp u/]/ clxn] d+unjf h]ndf
/fv]sf 5g\ . !! jif{sf] sfG5f] 5f]/f] gGb'nfO{ & lbg;Dd y'gfdf /fv]/
xfn !% lbgsf] tf/]v nufPsf 5g\ . k6s–k6s 3/df cfP/ vfgtnf;L ug]{, ;/–;fdfg
/ wgdfn n'6\g] tyf s'6kL6 ug]{ ul//xG5g\ . ca tkfO" cfkm} eGg';\ olt 7"nf]
cGofosf] lj?4 d dfcf]jfbLdf nfu]/ abnf lng] ls glng] .Æ
zxLb lktf of]u]Gb| ofbjn] lbPsf] hfgsf/L
cg';f/ ut d+l;/ !$ ut] ljxfg $ jh] sl/a &) hgf ;]gf tyf k|x/L 8ºkmf
pxf"sf] 3/df cfof] . ;f] 8ºkmfn] PSsf;L 3/leq k;]/ 3/sf ;a}
;b:ox?nfO{ sAhf u/L # 306f;Dd vfg tnf;L u¥of] . vfgtnf;Lsf] qmddf
xft–xltof/ sxf" 5 eGb} ;a}nfO{ lk6] . z'/];sf & jif]{ 5f]/f
dbgnfO{ ;d]t 5f8]gg\ . lkl6Psf] c;/ gLh jfnsnfO{ cem};Dd klg k/]sf]
5 . To;kl5 3/df /x]sf # efO{ #^ jif]{ z'/];, #@ jif{sf g/]z / !! jif{sf
gGb'nfO{ af"w]/ nu] . 3/df /x]sf] ^,#)) ?k}of", /]l8of] 6r{ /
aRrfx?sf] lstfa ;d]t nUof] .
;]gf k|x/Lsf] cfttfoL 8ºkmfn] kqmfp
u/]sfx?nfO{ em08} 8]9 lsnf]ld6/ k/ ;nf{xL / dxf]Q/Lsf] ;Ldfgfdf /x]sf] af"s]
vf]nfdf k'¥ofO{ k'gM oftgf lb+b} uf]Ko s'/f vf]Ng / xltof/ b]vfpg bafa
lbP . Tof] qmddf z'/]; ofbjn] ;]gf / k|x/Lsf] cTofrf/ / bdgn] hgo'4
g/f]lsg] a? l5§} hgo'4 ljhoL aG5 eg]/ eg]kl5 pxf"sf] 5ftLdf klxnf] uf]nL
xflgof] . To;kl5 pxf"n] hgo'4–lhGbfjfb eGg' eof] . csf]{ uf]nL
s~r6df xfGbf nfn ;nfd eGg] pxf"sf] cfjfh ;'lgof], To;kl5 lk7\o"df
uf]nL xfg]/ nfz ToxL 7fp"df kmfnL ;]gf / k|x/Lsf] 6f]nL lx8\of] . pQm
xTofkZrft\ dfcf]jfbLn] 36gf:yndf cfO{ >4fGhnL ;efsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] /
kf6L{sf] em08f cf]9fP/ nfzsf] ;b\ut\ u/]sf] lyof] . pQm ;dodf kqmfp k/]sf
of]u]Gb| ofbjsf dflxnf 5f]/fnfO{ xfn em'¶f d'4f nufO{ d+nujf h]ndf /flvPsf] 5
eg] !! jif]{ 5f]/f gGb'nfO{ & lbg;Dd P;=kL= sfof{nodf /flv !% lbg] tf/]vdf
5fl8Psf] 5 . !% lbgdf tf/]v lng hf"bf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;'/fsL ug{ Aofks
bafa lb+b} wDSofpg] ul/Psf] kLl8t atfp"5g\ .
hgfb]z;"u s'/fsfgLsf] qmddf zxLb lktf
ofbj eGg'x'G5–æd]/f] 5f]/fsf xTof/f / ;'/fsLx?nfO{ kf6L{n] abnf lnG5 eGg]
s'/fdf dnfO{ ljZjf; 5 . of] hgo'4 hfoh 5, o;sf] ljho eP/} 5f8\5 .
d]/f] 5f]/fsf] xTofkZrft\ d klg 3/ 5f8]/ lx8]sf] 5' . k"0f{ ?kdf
qmflGtdf nfUg] 5' . cfh zxLbsf] afa' ag]/ qmflGtsf] ;]jf ug{ kfp"bf
dnfO{ uj{ nfu]sf] 5 .Æ
k|:t'lt
–ljsNk
hg;/sf/sf]
a}7s ;DkGg, dfcf]jfbLåf/f xTofsf] eT;{gf
sfe|]÷k'/fgf] /fHo;Qfsf] ca}wflgstf;"u}
pbLodfg hg;Qfsf] ?kdf :yflkt ;+o'Qm lhNnf hg;ldlt sfe|]sf] t];|f] lj:tfl/t j}7s
xfn} ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . j}7skZrft\ ;+o'Qm lhNnf hg;ldlt sfe|]sf k|d'v
s=nfnWjhn] hf/L ug'{ ePsf] jQmJodf a}7sdf @! uf=h=;= k|d'vsf] ;xefuLtf /x]sf /
ljutsf of]hgfsf] ;ldIff ub}{ efjL of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd ;d]t tof/ ul/Psf] hgfOPsf]
5 .
jQmJodfkm{t\ s=nfnWjhn] k'/fgf] /fHo ;QfnfO{
s/ / dx;'n gltg{ cfdhg;d'bonfO{ cfx\jfg ug'{ ePsf] 5 . ;fy} lhNnfdf zfxL
cd]l/sL ;]gfn] rnfPsf] xTof, cft+s, n'6 / anTsf/sf] k|lt/f]w ug{ ;d]t cfd
hgtfnfO{ cfx\jfg ug'{ePsf] 5 . pQm j}7sn] cGt{la/f]wsf] ;xL ;~rfng ub}{
k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/LnfO{ gof" prfOdf p7fpg hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . a}7sn]
/fhg}lts, a}rfl/s, ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf, cfly{s, ;+3if{ / ef}lts ljsf;, s[lif
pTkfbg, lzIff, :jf:Yo, Gofo, Pg=lh=cf], cfO{=Pg=lh=cf]= ;DaGwL ljljw ;fdfhLs
lgsfox?sf] af/]df / sfo{stf{ kl/rfng ;DjGwdf dxTjk'0f{ lg0f{o lnOPsf] hgfOPsf]
5 .
o;}u/L k|ltufdL k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] cGTo /
gof" ;Qfsf] pb\o eP/ uO/x]sf] cj:yfdf hglj/f]wL ;Qfsf gj dgf]lgt
kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ tTsfn /fhLgfdf lbg ;+o'Qm lhNnf hg;/sf/ ;ldlt sfe|]sf k|d'v s=
nfnWjhn] ut df3 !# ut] Ps lj1lKt dfkm{t lgb]{zg lbg'ePsf] 5 .
o;}u/L g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ sfe|] lhNnf ;ldltsf
;]qm]6/L s=dx]zn] oxL kmfu'g ^ ut] jQmJo hf/L ub]{ k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qf v'Drb}{
uO/x]sf] / gof" hgjfbL ;Qf pbfpb} cfO/x]sf] cj:yfdf hgjfbL ;Qfsf]
lj?jfnfO{ lgdf]7\g] b':;fx; ub]{ cufl8 al9/x]sf] zfxL cd]l/sL hNnfbx?n] g]kfnL
cfdfsf xf]gxf/ 5f]/f5f]/Lx?sf] xTof ub}{ cfÎgf] sfo/tfsf] k|b{zg ul//x]sf 5g\ .
ut df3 @( ut] xTof u/]sf] Pl/of ;b:o sfG5fdfg tfdfª / s=nSsL kf6L{ ;b:o s= ab|L,
$g+ sDkgL cGt{ut @g+ kLPn ;b:o s=l;tf, ^g+= jf=h=;= k|d'v s=nf]saxfb'/ :ofGtfª
/ luDbLsf :yfgLo hgtf ljqmd nfdfnfO{ lu/Îtf/ u/L xTof u/]sf]df cfqmf]; JoQm
ub}{ pxf"x?nfO{ dxfg\ zxLb 3f]if0ff ug'{ ePsf] 5 . ;]qm]6/L s=dx]zn]
lj1lKtdf zfxL ;]gfn]] ljut ^ jif{ b]lv qmflGtnfO{ ;xof]u ub]{ cfpg' ePsf
dxfb]j6f/ lgufn]sf ^) jif]{ a[4sf] ;d]t xTof u/]sf] / pxf"nfO{ d[To'
pk/fGt kf6L{ ;b:o k|bfg ub}{ dxfg\ zxLb 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
lj1lKtdf ;]gfn] kmfu'g @ ut] ;ftwf/f uf=h=;=l:yt rgf}6]sf hgtfsf 3/af6 rfdn
n'6L vfPsf], hg;d'bfo4f/f agfOPsf] zxLb u]6 Wj:t kfg'{sf] ;fy} :yfgLo hgtfnfO{
s'6kL6 ;d]t u/]sf] tyf tfn9'+ufsf] zxLb :tDe, ;f]nf e~Hofªdf /x]sf] /;sdn
:d[ltu]6nfO{ klg Wj:t agfPsf] / 8f"8f ufp"df /x]sf] x]Nykf]i6nfO{ ;d]t tf]8kmf]8 u/L Wj:t
agfPsf] atfOPsf] 5 . ;f]xL qmddf sfe|] lhNnfs} sfld8f"8fdf klg :yfgLo
hgtfnfO{ ;]gfn] s'6kL6 u/]sf] hf/L lj1KtLdf hgfOPsf] 5 . pQm 36gfsf]
lj/f]w ub}{ hgd'lQm;]gf g]kfn $ g+= sDkgL sdL;f/ s= hLtdfg / sdf08/ s= dw'n]
;+o'Qm ?kdf lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ lkPn ;b:o s=;Ltfnufot ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] xTof
u/]sf]df 3f]/ lj/f]w hgfpg' ePsf] 5 . pxf"x?nfO{ dxfg\ ;xLb 3f]if0ff
ub}{ /utsf] abnf o'4 df]rf{af6 lng] k|ltj4tf hgfpg' ePsf] 5 . lj1lKtdfkm{t
s]xL cfTd;d{k0fjfbL u4f/x?af6 ;r]t x'b} k|lt/f]wk"0f{ cfGbf]ngdf uf]naGb
x'g cfdhg;d'bfonfO{ cfXjfg ug'{ ePsf] 5 . u4f/x?nfO{ hgcbfnt dfkm{t
sfjf{xL ul/g] lj1lKtdf hgfOPsf] 5 .
l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf
ultljlwx?
hgd'lQm
;]gfåf/f k|lt/f]wM l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf] nfpGr]
uf=h=;=sf] vf]nfdf s]xL ;do klxn] hgd'lQm ;]gfn] yfk]sf] PDj';df k/L kf"r
hgf zfxL ;]gfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] ^ hgf uDeL/ 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . pQm 36gfdf
zfxL ;]gfsf] Ps hf;';sf] ;d]t d[To' ePsf] 5 . pQm 36gfsf] l;Gw'kfNrf]s
lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s= ;'jf]w / sDkgL sdf08/ s= ;~hon] lhDd]jf/L lnb} lj1lKt hf/L
ug'{ ePsf] 5 . lj1lKtsf] cGtdf 3fOt]x?sf] ;L3| :jf:Yonfesf] sfdgf ub}{
3fOt] x'g k'u]sf ! lzIfs / Ps dlxnfsf] pkrf/ vr{ lbg] klg hgfOPsf] 5 .
;fy} cfufdL lbgdf zfxL ;]gf r9]sf] uf8Ldf gr9\g / ;+u} glx8\g ;d]t
;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ cfu|x ul/Psf] 5 .
o;}u/L l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] ;fuf"df t'njddf
k/L Ps hgf ;j{;fwf/0f d[To' elg ljleGg ;~rf/dfWodaf6 k|;f/0f ul/Psf]df
l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=;'jf]w / # g+= sDkgL sdf08/ s ;Ghon] Ps lj1lKt
hf/L ub]{ ;TotYo ;fj{hlgs ug'{ ePsf] 5 . h;df oxL kmfu'g !^ ut] ;f"uf
uf=h=;=sf] dfg] 8f8f"df hgo'4 lbj;sf] cj;/df :jfut u]6 lgdf{0f u/]sf] /
ToxL ;]gfn] Tof] u]6 eTsfpg ;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL u]6 glhs PDj';
/flvPsf] lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;f]xL lbg kf}g] @ ah] zfxL cd]/LsL
;]gf l;len 8«];df hgtfnfO{ dfgj 9fn agfO{ u]6 eTsfpg cfp"bf PDj';
lj:kmf]6gdf k/L Ps ;j{;fwf/0f 6]saxfb'/ >]i7sf] d[To' ePsf] / 36gfdf rf/ hgf
;]gf ulDe/ 3fOt] ePsf] hgfOPsf] 5 . zfxL;]gfn] dfgj9fnsf] ?kdf
;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ k|of]u u/L pQm 36gf x'g uPsf] hgfpb} zfxL ;]gf;"u uf8Ldf
gr9\g, lx88'n gug{, u]6, t'n jd, z+sf:kb tyf ;+j]bgzLn 7fp"x?df gjl; lbg'x'g
;d]t ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ lj1lKt dfkm{t cfu|x ul/Ps]f 5 .
o;}aLr sfe|] lhNnfsf] PSn]v]t k'Ug'ePsf
k"0f{/fd cfrfo{ / s= ;lgRosf] k"if @! ut] zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfn] xTof
u/]sf] 5 . s= ;lgRronfO{ 3fOt] cj:yfdf sAhfdf lnO{ v's'/Ln] 3f6L /]6L xTof
u/]sf] lyof] . kf}if !& ut] l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf lhNnf ;b:o tyf @ g+=
P l; P; afj'sfhL 9'+ufgf-s=cflj/n_, lhNnfsf o'4 ;Djfbftf tyf P=l;=Pd= ;'jf;
d}gfnL-s=t'jfnf]_ / s= hgssf] lgd{dtfk"j{s xTof u/]sf] s'/f l;Gw'kfNrf]s
lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s= ;'jf]wn] lj1lKt dfkm{t pNn]v ug'{ ePsf] 5 . kf}if !$ ut]
/;'jf, g'jfsf]6, l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf lhNnf ;b:o x]d l3ld/] s= k|;fGtnfO{
g'jfsf]6df zfxL ;]gfn] sAhfdf lnO{ xTof u/]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
hgo'4lbj;
;DkGgM ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ;Qf :yfkgfy{ @)%@ ;fn kmfu'g !ut] ;'?
u/]sf] hgo'4 cf7f} jif{ k'/fu/L gjf} jif{df k|j]z u/]sf] cj;/df ut kmfu'g ! ut]
b]zJofkL jfl{if{s pT;j dgfpg] qmddf g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf ;ldlt,
hg;ldlt, hgd'lQm;]gf g]kfn # g+ sDkgLn] ;+o'Qm ?kdf dgfPsf 5g\ . ;f]xL
cj;/df hgd'lQm ;]gfn] l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] /Tg /fHo dflj rgf}6]sf] k|fª\u9df dfr{kf;
ug'{sf ;fy} hgo'4sf gfos cWoIf s= k|r08k|lt ( kmfo/ ;nfdL ck{0f u/]sf]
lyof] . pkl:yt ;}lgs k+lQm / kf6L{ klQmsf ;Dk'0f{ ;b:ox? k|lt klg ;nfdL
kmfP/ ub]{ ;'l6{ª 8] dgfPsf lyP . ;f] sfo{qmddf >[+vnf ;f":s[lts kl/jf/n]
qmflGtsf/L uLt tyf g[To k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] . l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf cGo
ljleGg efudf ;d]t hgo4 lbj; dgfPsf] ;fy} 3/3/df lbkfjnL u/]sf] xfd|f lhNnfsf
o'4;Djfbbftf s=pHjnn] atfPsf 5g\ .
lj:kmf]6g
/ ;kmfofM ut kmfu'g ^ ut] hgd'lQm ;]gfn] l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf]
rf}tf/f ahf/df /x]sf] ;ljg xf8{j]o/ ;]G6/df jd lj:kmf]6g u/L Iflt k'¥ofOPsf]
5 . ;f]xL lbg r'gaxfb'/ tfdfªnfO{ klg hgd'lQm ;]gfn] ;kmfof u/]sf] ;dfrf/
5 . gLh tfdfªn] ljutb]lv g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] lj?4 ;'/fsL ub]{ cfPsf]n]
sfjf{xL u/LPsf] hgfOPsf] 5 . o;}u/L ljz]if a6flnPg cGt{ut # g+ sDkgL sdf08/ s=
;Ghon] Ps lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ l;G3'kfNrf]s
lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd rf}tf/f l:yt zfxL ;]gfsf] sDkgLdfyL r]tfjgL sfjf{xL u/]sf]
hgfpg' ePsf] 5 . h;af6 cft+lst alg ;]gfn] /fte/L kmfOl/ª u/]sf] lyof] /
csf]{lbg ;b/d'sfd sJhf ug]{ k|of; ljkmn kf/]sf] k|rf/ u/]sf] lyof] . h'g
sfjf{xL ;b/d'sfd sAhf ug{ geO{ r]tfjgL :j?k ul/Psf] lj1lKtdf hgfOPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L df3 @( ut] l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf]
rf}tf/f l:yt lhlj;sf] ejg / jgsfof{nodf klg hgd'lQm ;]gfn] jd lj:kmf]6g u/]sf]
5 . h;jf6 ejg Wj:t ePsf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
xTofsf]
eT;{gfM l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=;'jf]wn] oxL kmfu'g (
ut] jQmJo hf/L ub]{ kf6L{ sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf oxL kmfu'g # ut] gjnk'/ uf=h=; df
k'Ug' ePsf kf6L{ ;b:o Pj+ lhNnf sfof{no
:6fkm kbdaxfb'/ tfdfª-s=lxdfn_sf] zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] xTof/f bn4f/f cfÎgf]
lgoGq0fdf lnO{ xTof u/]sf]df 3f]/ eT;{gf ub}{ pxf"nfO{ dxfg\ zxLb 3f]if0ff
ug'{ ePsf] 5 .
ltg lbg]
l;k x8\tfn ;kmnM g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{
l;Gw'kfNrf]sn] oxL r}q %b]lv & ut];Dd cfAxfg u/]sf] ltg lbg] blnt l;k
x8\tfn ;kmn ePsf] 5 . df]rf{sf OGrf{h s= an/fd lj=s=n] Ps lj1KtL hf/L ub]{
blnt hftLx?n] ;fdflhs, cfyL{s, /fhg}lts Pj+ ;f:s[lts?kn] ;dfg eO{ afRg kfpg'
k5{ elg p7fO/x]sf] Gofok"0f{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ cft+ssf/Lsf] cf/f]k nufO{ s'Nrg
vf]Hg] ;fdGtL a|fDX0fjfbL /fhtGqsf lj?4 x8tfn ul/Psf]atfpg' eof] .
Onfsf
hg;/sf/sf] 3f]if0ffM oxL kmfu'g !% ut] Jofks
hg;d'bfosf] pkl:yltdf kfªtfª ufh;df l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf hg;/sf/sf] cfof]hgfdf
dWok"j{ Onfsf hg;/sf/ 3f]if0ff sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmddf
g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf lhNnf ;lrj s= ;'jf]w, # g+ sDkgL sdf08/ s ;~ho,
tf/fd'df] g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o emkfn l;+x tfdfª, clvn qmflGtsf/Lsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
/fhsfhL dxh{gn] z'esfdgf dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . pQm 3f]if0f ;efdf s
czf]sn] Onfsf hg;/sf/sf] lglt tyf sfo{qmd k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . pQm
3f]if0ff ;efn] lnnfaxfb'/ ;fksf]6fsf] cWoIftfdf !& ;b:oLo Onfsf hg;/sf/
3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmddf lhNnf hg;/sf/ ;b:o lzj >]i7n] :jfut
efif0f ug'{ePs]f lyof] eg] Iflqo hg;/sf/ ;b:o tyf lhNnf hg;/sf/ pkk|d'v
g]qk|;fb bª\ufnsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg pQm
sfo{qmd an/fd lj=s= n] ;~rfng ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
dfcf]jfbLåf/f
ljb]zL ko{6snfO{ :jfut
l9nf]u/L
k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ xfn} c:6«]lnofaf6 g]kfn e|d0fdf cfPsf ljBfyL{ 6f]nLnfO{
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ g'jfsf]6 lhNnf ;ldltn] lhNnfs} rt'{/fnL ahf/df Ps sfo{qmd
ub}{ xflb{s :jfut u/]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLn] ko{6sdfyL ceb| Jojxf/ u5{g eGg]
ljleGg ;~rf/dfWodsf] egfOnfO{ pQm sfo{qmdn] v08g u/]sf] 5 . pQm
sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ kf6L{ k|ltlglw s=k|bLkn] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ kf6L{sf]
ko{6g gLtLaf/] :ki6 kfg'{ePsf] s'/f k|fKt
;dfrf/df pNn]v 5\ . c:6«]lnog ljBfyL{sf] tkm{af6 cGgfn] hgo'4k|lt
;sf/fTds wf/0ff /fVb} cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] lj/f]w ug'{eof] . clxn]
c:6«]lnofsf hgtf dfq} geO{ cd]l/sfs} xhf/f} hgtf klg cd]l/sfsf] lj/f]wdf /x]sf
/ pgLx?nfO{ ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngdf uf]naGb ub]{ cl3 a9\g' kg]{ pxfn]
atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
;Gb]z ;ef
;DkGg
tfdfª
:jfoQ k|b]zLo ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifbsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] v'zLofnLdf tf/fd'df]
g]kfnsf] cfof]hgdf ut df3 @) ut] tfdfª :jfoQ If]q leq lbkfjnL ;lxt ljleGg
sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 . k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ sfe|] lhNnfsf] tfn9'uf+
/ a'9fvfgLdf xhf/f} hgtfsf] ;xefuLtfdf sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . tfn9'Ëfsf] sfo{qmdnfO{
cg]ls;+3-qmflGtsf/L_sf dxf;lrj lrq a= >]i7 / cGo cltly tf/fd'df]sf s]Gb|Lo dxf;lrj
bfjf tfdfª, blnt d'lQm df]rf{sf lhNnf cWoIf /fdz/0f g]kfnL, tf/fd'df]sf /]zd
nfdf, dlxnf k|ltlglw ?sld0fL /fgf, ls;fg ;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;lrj wgaxfb'/ dxh{g,
lhNnf kf6L{ ;]qm]6/L s=dx]zn] ;Djf]wg ug'{ePs]f lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng
dg'dfg tfdfªn] / ;efklt ldgf tfdfªn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf :d[lt ;f":s[lts kl/jf/4f/f ljleGg
;f":s[lts sfo{qmd k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] eg] otf a'9fvfgLdf
g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_sf s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfsf/ s= u+uf/fdsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;Gb]z ;ef ;DkGg
ePsf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
pkIf]qLo
o'4;Djfbbftf k|lzIf0f ;DkGg
ut
kmfNu'g @& ut] ljz]if s]Gb|Lo sdf08 cGtu{t klZrd pkIf]lqo o'4;Djfbbftf k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf]
5 . If]qLo Ao'/f] ;b:o s= lj/h+usf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmddf k|d'v
cltlysf] ?kdf kf6L{ l;=l;=Pd= s= zdz]/sf] pkl:ylt lyof] . l;=l;=Pd=
s=zdz]/ / klZrd If]qLo pkJo"/f] o'4;+jfbbftf ljs] If]qLn] k|lzIf0f
lbg'ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf /;'jf, g'jfsf]6, 3fbLª, dsjfgk'/sf o'4;Djfbbftfx?sf]
pkl:ylt lyof] .
zfxL
;]gfn] kqsf/ e08f/Lsf] sf]7f n'6\of]
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo kf;{b Pj+
hgfb]z ;fKtflxssf k"j{ sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs lvnfaxfb'/ e08f/Lsf] sf7df8f}+df
/x]sf] sf]7faf6 zfxL ;]gfn] 8s}tLsf] z}nLdf ;Dk'0f{ ;fdfg n'6]sf] 5 . s]xL
lbg klxnf e08f/L kl/jf/ cfkm\gf] sfd ljz]ifn] aflx/ uPsf] a]nf zfxL ;]gfn]
9f]sfdf nufPsf] tfNrf kmf]/L sf]7fdf ePsf ljleGg kqsf/Ltf ;DjGwL k':tsx? nufot
sf]7fsf ;Dk'0f{ ;fdfgx? n'6]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
kqsf/ e08f/Ln] u'08fubL{sf] z}nLdf ePsf] pQm
n'6sf] 3f]/ eT;{gf ub}{ ;fdfGtL k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] of] 3[l0ft sfo{ ;/sf/L n'6sf] Ps
csf]{ gd"gf ePsf] hgfpb} pQm tfgfzfxL sfo{sf] 3f]/eT;{gf ug{ ;a}df clkn
ug'{ePsf] 5 .
zfxL
;]gfnfO{ hg;]gfsf lr7L
g'jfsf]6÷ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ljz]if s]Gb|Lo
sdf08 cGtu{t hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn æbÆ sDk+gLsf sdf08/ s=rGb|dfsf] gfddf hgd'lQm
;]]gfsf] kq g'jfsf]6, /;'''jf / l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf tNnf txsf ;}lgs hjfgx?nfO{
k7fOPsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
æs'g} klg juL{o ;dfhdf /fHo ;Qfsf] cl:tTj
;z:q ;]gfdf l6s]sf] x'G5, t;y{ ;]gf /fHosf] d'Vo / clGtd c+u xf] eGb} zfxL
;]gfnfO{ ;fdGtL ;Qfsf] lghL bf; gag]/ ;]gfaf6 hflu/ 5f]8]/ hgd'lQm ;]gfdf ;fd]n
x'g cfu|x ub{5f}+ .Æ kqdf elgPsf] 5 . zfxL ;]gf zfx–/f0ff kl/jf/sf]
cfGtl/s ;Qf n'+5fr'8Lsf] xltof/ dfq ePsf] k'li6 ub{} kqdf cuf8L elgPsf] 5
ætkfO{ /xg' ePsf] k|x/L / zfxL ;}lgs u'6n] slxNo} klg g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf]
/Iff, d'lQm / k|ult x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . a? To; u'6n] g]kfnL hgtfåf/f Gofo,
:jtGqtf / ;dfgtfsf] nflu p7]sf cfGbf]ngx? bjfpg a}b]lzs lgb{]zgdf lgd{d bdgåf/f
;fdGtL ;Qfsf] d'¶Le/sf] zf]ifs ;fdGtsf] /Iffdfq ul//x]sf] geO{ zfx–/f0ff
kl/jf/sf] cfGtl/s ;Qf n'5fr'8Lsf] xltof/ ;d]t aGb} cfPsf] 5 . /fhf
aL/]Gb|sf] j+z gf;df zfxL ;]gfsf pRr clkm;/x?sf]] ;lqmo ;xeflutfn] To;sf] clGtd
k''li6 ub{5 .Æ ;f] kqdf Gofok'0f{ / cGofok'0f{ o'4sf] af/]df :ki6 kfb}{
–ædfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf eO/x]sf] Gofok'0f{ o'4df ;xefuL x'g, zfxL cd]l/sL
;]gfsf] hflu/ 5f]]8L 3/ a:g jf hgd'lQm ;]gfdf ;xefuL x'g, hgo'4nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ xflb{s
cfJxfg ul/Psf] 5 .Æ zfxL ;}lgsx? wdfwd k7fOPsf kqsf] ;Gbe{df ;f]lwPsf]
k|Zgdf ævÆ sDk+gL sdf08/ s=rGb|df eG5g\–æxfd|f] s+DkgLdf klg xltof/ ;lxt zfxL ;]gfx? cfpg] s|d ;'? ePsf]
5, xfdL s]xL ;do leq} To;nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ug]{ tof/Ldf 5f}+ .
zfxL cd]l/sL ;}lgs cft+s hf/L, ;j{;fwf/0fsf]
xTof n'6sf] lj/f]w
g'jfsf]6÷
jf:tljs eL8Gt / d'7e]8x?df lbgfg'lbg k/flht aGb} uO/x]sf] zfxL cd]]l/sL
cft+ssf/Lx?åf/f df3 & ut] rfpy], s'df/L tyf b'O{ lkkn uf=h=;=df Aofks hgbdg
u/L lgM;:q tyf lgbf]{z hgtfsf] xTof u/]sf 5g\ . zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfsf]]
hTyfn] b'O{ lkkn] uf=h=;=sf] k+rf;]df lhNnf hg;/sf/ ;b:o s=/fdrGb| /f0ffdu/
-s=ljho_ nfO{ sAhf kl5 xTof u/]sf 5g\ . ;f]xL lbg csf]{ Ps hTyfn] ;;'/fnL
3/ hf+b} ubf{ ;f8" bfh'efO{ /fhg k'8f;}gL / db's'df/ d'8a/LnfO{ s'df/L uf=h=;= atf;] 8f+8fdf xTof u/]sf
5g\ . o;}u/L csf]{ Ps hTyfn] ;f]xL lbg uf]7df 3f"; xfNg uPsf dl0f/fh
d'8j/LnfO{ s'd/Lsf] vlk+ªdf xTof u/]sf 5g\ . lgM;:q tyf lgbf{]; :yfgLo
ls;fg, ;j{;fwf/0fx?sf] xTof ub}{ lx8\g] cft+ssf/Lx?n] df3 !( ut] klg Aofks
vfgtnf;L u/]sf 5g\ . ;f] ;}lgs cft+ssf] rf}tkmL{ lj/f]w eO/x]sf] 5 .
o;}aLr
k6s k6s ;j{;fwf/0fsf] xTof, n'6 / cft+s dRrfp+b} lx8\g] zfxL cft+ssf/Lx?n] ut
df3 @* ut] s'd/L nfdfrf}/df sfhLdfg tfdfËsf] k;ndf n'6kf6 ug{'sf] ;fy} ad k|xf/
u/L Iflt k'/\ofO{lbPsf 5g\ . ;f]xL :yfgdf hgd'lQm ;]gf …bÚ sDk+gLsf] Ps
6's8L;+u # 306f nfdf] bf]xf]/f] le8Gt ePsf] 5 . ;f] le8Gtdf dfgjLo Iflt
geP klg zfxL cft+ssf/L ;]gfx? ;f] :yfg 5f]]8]/ efu]sf lyP . ;f]xL
cft+ssf/L ;d'xn] !# aif{sf ljBfyL{ s[i0fx/L Gof}kfg]nfO{ s'6kL6 u/L 3fOt]]
agfPsf 5g\ .
To:t}
;''Gb/fb]jL uf=h=;= & g+ j8f k|d'v s''df/ kf08]
-s=k|eft_ nfO{ ut kmfu'0f ! ut]
gof" aif{ dgfO{ l6sf6fnf ub}{ lx8\g' ePsf a]nf ;f]xL uf=h=;= jO9'Ëf eÌ]
:yfgdf zfxL cft+ssf/Lx?n] sAhf kl5 xTof u/]sf 5g\ .
uf=h=;= k'gu{7g
g'jfsf]6÷
:yfgLo :t/df k|ltls|ofafbL k'/fgf] ;Qf Wj+; eO;s]sf] / To;sf] :yfgdf gof"
hgjfbL ;Qf :yfkgf tyf ljsf;sf] s|d rln/x]s} a]nf g'jfsf]6 lhNnfsf] b'O{ lkkn],
lhlnË, /ft]dft] uf=h=;= sf] k'gu{7g ul/Psf] s'/f !) g+ Onfsf OGrfh{ s=s0fn]
atfpg' ePsf] 5 . k"gu{l7t b'O{lkkn] uf=h=;=df k|d'v s=rGb| axfb'/
nfdf, pk–k|d'v s=/fdz/0f ;'j]bL /xg' ePsf] !( ;b:oLo, /ft]dft] uf=h=;=df k|d'v
s=an/fd uh'/]n, pk–k|d'v lai0f' /fO{ /xg' ePsf] !# ;b:oLo / lhlnËdf k|d'v
s=xl/k|;fb ahufO{, pk–k|d'v s=k|Nxfb df]Qmfg /xg' ePsf] @^ ;b:oLo uf=h=;=
k"gu{7g ul/Psf] 5 . oL uf=h=;=x? ut df3 @% ut] k"gu{7g ul/Psf]
lyof] .
>d ;Ktfxsf / jif{uf"7sf vj/x?
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]afbL_
ljif]z s]lGb|o sdf08 cGtu{tsf g''jfsf]6÷/;'jf / l;Gw'kfNrf]sdf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{,
hgd'lQm ;]gf tyf hg;d'bfox?n] ljleÌ vfnsf >[hgfTds sfo{x? ub}{ >d ;Ktfx
dgfPsf] va/ 5 . ;f]xL cg';f/ kmfu'g * ut] g''jfsf]6sf] xNb]sflnsf j8f g+ *
df Ps rf}tf/f] lgdf{0f u/L æs=pHhjn zxLb rf}tf/f]Æ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 .
o:t} u]v'{ uf=h=;= 8f+8fuf"pdf Ps rf}tf/f] lgdf{0f u/L æs=h+u axfb'/
Kofs'/]n zxLb rf}tf/f]Æ 3f]if0ff ;ef dfkmt{ gfdf+s/0f ul/Psf] 5 . kmfu'0f
& ut] @ g+ sDkgLsf] Ps 6's8L, ^ g+ Onfsf, ljBfyL{ / clejfjssf] ;+o'Qm
6f]nLn] jfns'df/L uf=h=;= sf] sNof0f df=lj=df gof" ejg lgdf0f{sf] nflu
rf}/ vg]/ ;Dofpg] sfo{ ;DkÌ ePsf] 5 . kmfu'g ( ut] s'd/L uf=h=;=(
8f+8fvs{df ;of}+ hgtfn] zxLb u]6 lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g . eb|6f/ uf=h=;=l;jfnodf
@ g+ sDkgLsf] Ps ;fgf] 6's8Ln] hgbdg ug{ ufp" k;]sf cd]l/sL cft+ssf/L
;}lgsx?nfO{ u|Lg]8 k|xf/ u/L nv]l6lbPsf 5g . kmfu'g !) ut] l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf]
Orf]s uf=h=;= df wf/f tyf rf}tf/f] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;}u/L l;Gw'kfNrf]ss} dxfsfn uf=h=;=df klg
zlxb u]6 lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . – o;}aLr
g''jfsf]6÷/;'jf / l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf e'–efux?df hgo'4sf] gjf}+ pT;j ;Ktfx ljljw
sfo{s||dsf;fy ;DkÌ ePsf] 5 . pT;j ;Ktfxsf] klxnf] lbg hgd'lQm ;]gf @ g+
sDkgLsf Ps 6's8Ln] g'jfsf]6 lzv/a]+;L l:yt b'\\\Zdgsf] afudf/f kf]i6df zlQmzfnL
jd lj:kmf]6g tyf kmfol/Ë ubf{ pQm kf]i6df /x]sf xTof/f cft+ssf/L kf]i6 aflx/
lg:sL b'O{ 306f;Dd cGwfw'Gb kmfol/Ë u/]sf lyP . o;}u/L g'jfsf]6 j'dtfË
uf=lj=;=sf] lgjt{dfg cWoIf wgl;+ tfdfËnfO{ hgd'lQm ;]gf ! g+ sDkgLn] ;kmfof
ul/lbPsf] 5 . lgh wgl;+ ;f]xL :yfgdf s]xL ;do cuf8L s=c~h' / s= uªh]gsf]
xTofdf k|ToIf ;+nUg /x]sf] s'/f ! g+ sDkgL pRr ;'qn] atfPsf] 5 .
o;}aLr
g'jfsf]6jf6 k|fKt Ps csf]{ ;dfrf/ cg';f/ssgLaf6 cfPsf] ;]gfn] ut kmfu'g #
ut] cf]v/kf}jf jf8{ g+ & sfutL ufp" a:g] e';'? anfdLsL 5f]/L aif{ !@
sL h]7L eGg] lszf]/LnfO{ anfTsf/ ug{ vf]h]kl5 ufp"sf hg;d'bfon] k|ltsf/
u/L lt ;]gfx?nfO{ cfºgf] sAhfdf lnPsf lyP . ufp"n]n] lszf]/L ;+u
dfkmL dfUg nufO{ cfOGbf To:tf] sfo{ u/]df s8f sfjf{xL ul/g] r]tfjgL ;lxt
ltglkKn] d'8\v' ;]gfnfO{ a'emfpg nu]sf lyP .
;f":s[lts k|lt/f]w lbj;sf ;Gbe{df
;ª\3sf] jQmJo
kmf;Ljfb lj?4sf] cleofgnfO{ tLa| kf/f}+
;f":s[lts k|lt/f]w lbj; eJotfsf ;fy
dgfcf}+
@)%% ;Fn r}q
% ut] sfe|] lhNnfsf] cg]sf]6df k|ltlqmofjfbLx?sf lj?4 k|lt/f]w ubf{ub}{ zxfbt
k|fKt ug]{ xfd|f] ;ª\3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Rofª\jf nfdf ;lxt ;ft hgfsf] :d[ltsf]
;Gbe{ kf/]/ ;ª\3n] x/]s jif{ r}q % nfO{ ;f":s[lts k|lt/f]w lbj;sf] ?kdf
dgfp"b} cfPsf] 5 . o;kN6 klg xfdL o; k|lt/f]w lbj;nfO{ gof"
c7f]6, k|ltj4tf / pbfQ efj–r]tgfsf ;fy dgfpg] tof/Ldf h'l6/x]sf 5f}+ . o;
;Gbe{df ;ª\3, Wj+z / lgdf{0fsf] dxfg\ Oltxf;df zxfbt k|fKt ug]{ xfd|f dxfg\
;f":s[lts of}4f s[i0f ;]g …OR5'sÚ, Rofª\jf nfdf, 8L=jL= yfkf, r'g' u'?ª nufot
;Dk"0f{ ;f":s[lts ;lxbx?k|lt qmflGtsf/L >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{5 / dxfg\
;lxbx?n] b]vfPsf] Tofu, jlnbfg / cfTdf]T;u{sf] af6f]df ;b}j b[9tfsf ;fy cl3
a9\g] k|0f ub{5 .
cfkm\gf]
eljio cfkm} lgdf{0f ug]{ dxfg\ p2]Zosf ;fy cl3 a9]sf] dxfg\ hgo'4n] gjf}+ aif{df
k|j]z ul/;s]sf] 5 . o;aLr d'Qm If]q / :jfoQ hg;/sf/x?sf] ?kdf, gof"
ljrf/ dfkm{t gof" g]kfnsf] ;'Gb/ :j?k xfd|f ;fd' d"tL{s[t eO;s]sf]
5 . o; gof" / ;'Gb/ e"uf]nsf] Oltxf;–lgdf{0fdf xfdL
;f":s[ltssdL{x? klg cflTds / ef}lts b'j} lsl;dn] ;dlk{t x'"b} cfO/x]sf
5f}+ . ljrf/ cleJolQmsf ljljw snf–?kx?sf ;fy} cfjZos kbf{ Ps xftdf snd /
afhf / csf]{ xftdf aGb's lnP/ / o'4 df]rf{d} 86]/ klg xfdLn] xfd|f] pkl:ylt
hgfp"b} cfPsf 5f}+ . cfjZostfcg';f/ h'g;'s} ?kdf klg xfdLn] xfd|f]
e"ldsfnfO{ ;fy{s t'Nofpg] k|of; u¥of}+ / ul//x]sf 5f}+ klg . o; qmddf
;ª\3if{, k|lt/f]w, jlnbfg / cfTdf]T;u{sf y'k|}y'k|} syf / ufyf lgdf{0f ePsf
5g\ . cg]sf]6, efjfª, c5fd, 8'ª\nf / d'8e/f nufotsf sof}+ 36gfx? ;+3if{ /
jlnbfgsf dxfufyf ag]/ Oltxf;df clÍt ePsf 5g\ . xfd|f dxfg\ ;fyLx?sf] zxfbtn]
xfdLnfO{ b'Mlvt t'NofP klg o;af6 clnslt klg ljrlnt geO{ xfdLn] xfd|f] ofqfnfO{
lg/Gt/ ultjfg\ agfO/Xof}+ . xfdLl;t oltv]/ ljlzi6tfaf6 ;fj{ef}dtflt/ pGd'v
x'"b} ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{sf] d'lQmsf] gof" ljrf/sf] ?kdf ljsl;t\
x'"b} uPsf] k|r08ky 5 . o;}sf] cfnf]sdf g} xfd|f] ;f":s[lts
kN6gn] @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] ;f":s[lts kN6gsf] ?kdf cfkm'nfO{ ljsl;t ug{ ;Qm5
eGg] s'/fdf xfdL ljZj:t 5f}+ . dfn]df / k|r08kyLo ;f}Gbo{d"Noåf/f
lgb]{lzt eP/ dfq g} xfdL ;f":s[lts k|lt/f]w cleofgnfO{ gof" lbzf /
ult lbg ;Ifd x'g] 5f}+ .
cfh
k'/fgf] ;Qf d/0ff;Gg cj:yfdf 5 / afx\o k|lts[ofjfbL zlQmx? vf;u/]/ cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfbsf] cf8e/f];fdf o;n] cfkm\gf kmf;LjfbL s's[Tox? g]kfnL hgtfdfly
nflb/x]sf] 5 . cg]s y/Lsf s'k|rf/, ;"rgfe|d / dgf]j}1flgs cftÍdfkm{t
o;n] gof" lsl;dsf] cftÍ dRrfO/x]sf] 5 . ;}Go kmf;Ljfb /
;f":s[lts kmf;Ljfbsf] ljs[t / 3[l0ft s's[TonfO{ ;"rgf / ;+rf/sf
gof" ?k / dfWodx?åf/f k|efjsf/L / kl/dflh{t tl/sfaf6 k|lt/f]w ug'{ cfhsf]
cfjZostf xf] . k|lt/f]w sfo{nfO{ gof" / k|efjsf/L lsl;dn] cufl8
a9fpg'sf] ;fy} gof" ;Qfdf gof" ;":s[ltsf] lgdf{0f, :yfloTj /
lj:tf/sf] lhDd]jf/L / r'gf}tL klg xfd|f ;fd' ljBdfg 5g\ . x/]s If]qdf
xfd|f ;fd' lxhf]eGbf cfh r'gf}tL / lhDd]jf/L ylkPsf 5g\ . ljh'nLsf] ultdf
em}+ If0fIf0fdf km]l/g] o; l:yltdf xfdLn] cfkm"nfO{ x/]s l:yltsf] ;fdgf
ug{ ;Sg] of}4fsf ?kdf tdtof/ /fVg' cfjZos 5 / of] g} k|r08kyn] b]vfPsf] af6f]
klg xf] .
Oltxf;sf]
o; 38L;Dd cfOk'Ubf ;f":s[ltssdL{x?n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] e"ldsfnfO{ ca
s;}n] klg Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt 5}g . o; Oltxf;nfO{ Go"g
ug'{sf] cy{ /utsf] d"NonfO{ Go"g ug'{ xf] . xfd|f cu|hx?sf] syf
/ ufyfn] xfdLnfO{ efj's / ;Da]bgzLn dfq t'Nofp"b}g cf]lhnf], t]lhnf] /
ulj{nf] klg agfp"5 . ltgn] cfbz{–laDa ag]/ xfdLnfO{ ;f}Gbo{–lzIff
k|bfg ul//x]sf 5g\ . xfd|f ;fd' gsf/fTds / ;sf/fTds b'j} Oltxf; 5g\ /
ltgaf6 lzIff u|x0f ub}{ cl3 a9\g' cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . Oltxf;sf] ultnfO{
;dfTg g;s]/ 5'6]sfx?sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ b'Mlvt x'g' eGbf xfd|f ;fd' pT;fx, hf]z,
hf"u/ / k|lta4tfsf ;fy s[ofzLn ;of}+ ;f":s[ltssdL{x?sf] pkl:yltaf6
xfdL a9L pT;flxt x'g' cfjZos 5 . xfd|f] ;f":s[lts k|lt/f]w cleofg
cfkm\gf unt lrGtglj?4 cfkm} zq' aGg], cfkm\gf] 6fpsfdf cfkm}+n] cfuf] nufpg]
;f":s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] dxfg\ cleofg klg xf] . xfdLn] cfkm' / cfkm\gf]
kª\lQmnfO{ alnof] gagfO{ b'Zdg lj?4sf] k|lt/f]w cleofgnfO{ ;zQm agfpg ;Qm}gf}+
eGg] s'/fk|lt klg xfdL cgle1 5}gf}+ . afx\o / cfGtl/s ;a} lsl;dsf
lj;ª\ultsf lj?4 s;/L h'Wg] eGg] s'/f k|r08kyn] xfdLnfO{ /fd|f]l;t l;sfPsf]
5 . æhg;d'bfosf] P]ltxfl;s ljb|f]xsf] k|s[ofnfO{ clGtd ljhodf kl/0ft ug{ /
;f":s[ltssdL{x?n] cfkm\gf] >d, zLknfO{ clwstd\ lhDd]jf/Lsf ;fy vr{ u?g\
eGg d]/f] sfdgf 5Æ eGg] s= k|r08sf] egfOnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug'{ g} clxn]sf] ;Gbe{df
k|lt/f]wsf] nflu cfkm"nfO{ tof/ kfg'{ xf] . To;}n] oltv]/
;f":s[lts k|lt/f]w lbj; dgfpg'sf] cy{ xf]– x/]s lsl;dsf r'gf}tLx?sf] ;fdgf
ug{ cfkm"nfO{ tdtof/ kfg'{, efjL ljb|f]xdf ;f":s[ltssdL{x?sf]
e"ldsfnfO{ yk h'emf? / Aofks agfpg' . alnbfgsf] gof" syf /
ufyfsf] lgdf{0fdf g} xfd|f] ;f":s[lts k|lt/f]wsf] jt{dfg / eljio ;'/lIft
5 . o; dxŒjk"0f{ 38Ldf gof" k|lta4tf / c7f]6sf nflu cfkm"nfO{
;';lHht kf/f}+ . cfpg'xf];\ ldqx? † k|lt/f]w, ;ª\3if{ / lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf]
af6f]df b[9tfsf ;fy cl3 a9f}+, kmf;Ljfb lj?4sf] cleofgnfO{ tLa| kf/f}+ .
r}q %, @)^)
dxf;lrj
8f= Clif/fh j/fn,
s]Gb|Lo
;ldlt,
clvn
g]kfn hg;f":s[lts ;ª\3
hge]nf / k|lzIf0f htftt}
nx" -df]8]n_÷ hgo'4sf] d]?b08sf] ?kdf /x]sf] clvn
g]kfn ls;fg ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ e]s If]q cGt/utsf] df]8]n lhNnfn] Pslbg] cu'jf
sfo{stf{ k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .
ut kmfu'g % ut] ;DkGg ;f] k|lzIf0f e]nfdf df]8]n
lhNnfsf cu'jf s[ifsx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf s]Gb|Lo
;ldlt ;b:o s= ;/nn] pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] sfo{qmddf ;lxbx? k|lt Ps ldg]6 >4f~hnL
ck{0f u/L z'ef/De ePsf] lyof] .
b]zsf] jt{dfg /fhgLlt / cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:ylt tyf
/0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fdf ls;fgx?sf] e'ldsf ljifodf s= ;/nn] k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf]
lyof] . pQm k|lzIf0f e]nfdf dGtAo /fVg] cGo jQmfx? pBf]u ljefu OGrfh{ s= /fhLj
a;fO{+, df]8]n lhNnf kf6L{ OGrfh{ s= hLjg, hg;/sf/ k|d'v 6]saxfb'/ /fjn, ls;fg
If]qLo pkfWoIf gf/fo0f yfkf, blntsf lj/]Gb|/fh ;'gf/, dlxnfsf b]jsf nfld5fg],
x'g'x'GYof] .
aL/axfb'/ v8\sfsf] ;efkltTjdf ;+rflnt so{qmdsf] ;+rfng
eQmaxfb'/ a:g]tn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;fy} dSs/ v8\sfn] :jfut dGtJo lbg'ePsf]
lyof] eg] /dsf ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/n] cfkm\gf /f]rs k|:t'ltx? sfo{qmdsf] aLr aLrdf
b]vfPsf] lyof] . Ps lbg] pQm e]nfdf lhNnfsf !%) hgf sfo{stf{sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf]
lyof] .
o;}u/L k|fKt Ps csf]{ ;dfrf/ cg';f/ 8f]Nkf lhNnfsf] #
g+= Pl/ofsf] kxf"8f uf=h=;= df hge]nf sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . Aofks
hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf ;DkGg pQm cfd;efdf ljz]if Ao'/f] ;b:o s= n]v, dlxnf lhNnf
cWoIf c~hgf, tyf s= a?0f, s= /d]z nufotsf jQmfx?n] ;Djf]wg u/]sf lyP . Pl/of
OGrfh{ s= kf/;sf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg pQm ;efsf] ;~rfng Pl/of ;]qm]6/Ln] ug'{
ePsf] lyof] .
8f]Nkfdf clxn] lhNnf ;+o'Qm hg;ldltsf] u/]sf
lg0f{ox?nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfo{ tLa| kfl/Psf] 5 . o;} qmddf lhNnfdf s=gu]Gb| /
s= ljdnsf] g]t[Tjdf pTkfbg ;xsf/L / sfi7 pBf]u ;+~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} df]8]n
Pl/ofsf] nx"df v'b|f Aofkf/ ;xsf/L :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . ;/;kmfO{, 6\jfOn]6
lgdf{0f, ldlnl;ofsf] u7g Pj+ k'gu{7g cflb sfo{ wdfwd ;DkGg eO/x]sf 5g\ .
ufp"–ufp"df hge]nf, 5nkmn, cGt/s[of cflb
sfo{qmd ;DkGg eO/x]sf] s'/f xfd|f ;Djfbbftfn] atfPsf 5g\ .
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] k|efj s]jn ;b/d'sfddf s]Gb|Lt /xg
k'u]sf] 5 eg] ;b/d'sfd cf;kf;sf ufp"x?df hgo'4sf] ;dy{gdf Jofks hgnx/
>[li6 ePsf] 5 . o;sf] k|efjsf sf/0f k'/fgf] ;Qfn] 3'lDt lzlj/sf gfddf @÷$
rSsL l;6fdf]n ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{nfO{ klg hgtfn] alx:sf/ ubf{ ;DkGg ug{ g;sL
;b/d'sfd kmls{g jfWo ePsf] 5 .
jif{uf"7sf sfo{qmd
hgo'4sf] cf7f}+ aif{uf"7nfO{ rf/ ;Ktfxdf ;DkGg
ug}{ nIo cg'?k ut kmfu'g ! ut] df]8]n lhNnfsf] bNnL, /fdL8f"8fsf] lnD;f, /
/Ubfdf hgjfbL d]nf nufO z'ef/De u/]sf] ;f+:s[lts ;Ktfx ;Ktfxe/L ljleGg sfo{qmd
u/L ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ .
% g+= Pl/of nx"sf k|To]s jf8{x?df xKtfe/ ljljw
;f+:s[lts n]s g[To, VofnL, df?gL gfr u/L ;a} hg;d'bfon] dgfP . afx| aif{sf afnaflnsf
b]lv *) aif]{ a[4 ;d]tn] ;f+:s[lts ;Ktfxdf cf–cfkm\gf snfx? k|:t't u/]sf lyP .
k|ltof]uL sfo{qmdx?df nx"sf s/La ;j} jf8{n] efu lnPsf lyP .
df?gL gfrdf ef/ufp"n] k|yd :yfg k|fKt u/]sf]
lyof] eg] nx"n] bf]>f] / afp;] vf]nfn] t[tLo :yfg k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] .
ljh]tfx?nfO{ ;dfkgsf] lbg Ps ;df/f]xsf aLr Pl/of OGrfh{ s= d08nn] k'/:sf/
ljt/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L df]8]n Pl/of g+= # vu]gsf]6sf] bNnLdf klg pQm
sfo[qmd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . lhNnf ;+o'Qm hg;ldlt, hfh/sf]6sf k|d'v s= 6]saxfb'/
/fjnn] Ps ;df/f]xsf aLr aif{ uf"7sf] d]nfsf] cj;/df ;DkGg elnjn, xflh/L
hjfkm, nf]s uLt, g[To, r];, cflb ljljw sfo{qmddf k|yd, låtLo :yfg k|fKt ug]{
l6dx?nfO{ k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . o:t} sfo{qmd ;Snf uf=h=;=sf] ;Snfdf
klg ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
lhNnfsf] hgk|ltlglw ;ef
hgfb]z ;Djfbbftf
;'v]{t ÷
olta]nf klZrd sdfgdf hgk|ltlglw ;efx? ;DkGg eO/x]sf 5g\ . ;f]xL qmddf l9nf]u/L
k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ ut kf}if @# / @$ ut] ;+o'Qm lhNnf hg;ldltsf] k|ltlglw ;ef
;DkGg ePsf] s'/f lhNnf k|d'v sdnf yfkfåf/f hf/L k|]; lj1KtLdf hgfOPsf] 5 .
o'4sflng kl/l:yltdf :yfgLo hg;Qfsf] d'Vo sfd s]Gb|Lo ;Qf k|fKt ug{ cfGbf]ngnfO{
3lge"t kfb}{ hgtfsf tfTsfnLg ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg ub}{ hfg' /x]sf] s'/f
lj1KtLdf hgfOPsf] 5 .
pQm hgk|ltlglw ;efn] gof" hg;ldlt lgjf{rg u/]sf]
5 . lhNnfsf ;a} uf=h=;=af6 cfPsf blnt, ls;fg, dlxnf, dhb"/, lzIfs,
du/f"t, ljBfyL{, hg;]gf, ;f+:s[lts ;+3 nufotsf k|ltlglwTj /x]sf] ;f] ;efn]
sdn yfkfsf] g]t[Tjdf @! ;bl:oo sfo{;ldlt lgjf{rg u/]sf] 5 . h;df k|d'v sdnf
yfkf, pk–k|d'v v8\uaxfb'/ v8\sf / ;b:ox?df dlxnf ;Ltf g]kfnL, blnt ;d/axfb'/
lj=s=, ls;fg afnf/fd ;fksf]6f, lzIfs nfnaxfb'/ lj=;L=, ljBfyL{ k"0f{axfb'/
;j]bL, du/f"t vu/fh l;hfnL, hg;]gf j[ifaxfb'/ lh=;L=, dhb"/ ofdaxfb'/
/ k'hf bnf{dL tyf cGodf v8\saxfb'/ v8\sf, v8\u k'nfdL, aL/axfb'/ g]kfnL, aL/axfb'/
zfxL, dl0f/fh yfkf, anaxfb'/ v8\sf, dfgaxfb'/ jnL, cfzf l;+x, u0f]zaxfb'/ zfxL,
/ ;'/]Gb| l;+x /x]sf 5g\ .
;f] sfo{ ;ldltsf] k|yd a}7sn] !@ j6f ljefux? ;d]t u7g
u/]sf] 5 . h;df sfg'g tyf Gofo, hg;'/Iff, pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf ljQ, ef}lts ljsf;
tyf lgdf{0f, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f, lzIff tyf ;+:s[lt, dlxnf, afnjflnsf tyf
;dfhsNof0f, ;+rf/ tyf k|sfzg, blnt tyf pTkLl8t hflt hg:jf:Yo, / e"ld,
s[lif{ tyf ;xsf/L /x]sf 5g\ . pko'{Qm ljefux?sf leuLo k|d'vx? klg ;f]xL j}7sn]
tf]s]sf] 5 .
rf/nfv hg;+Vof /x]sf] ;'v]{tL hgtfs]f ;Qfsf] ?kdf
:yflkt pQm hg;ldltn] Ps k|]; jQmJo hf/L ub}{ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] lh=lj=;= / ;f]
dftxtsf ;dk"0f{ ;+:yfx?nfO{ cj}w 3f]lift u/L ;Dk"0f{ sfdsfh dfly
k|ltaGw nufPsf] 5 .
pQm k|ltlglw ;efn] @) nfvsf] cw{–jflif{s jh]6 kf/Lt
ug'{sf ;fy} /fsddf ut kf}if * ut] zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfåf/f Wj:t kfl/Psf 3/x?
lgdf{0f / kl/jf/x?sf] /fxtsf] nflu cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{ klg lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
lu/km\tf/kl5 g[z+; xTof
alb{of÷ lgz:q sfo{stf{ tyf hgtfnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/L
lgd{dtfk"j{s oftgf lbP/ jf ljeT; tl/sfn] uf]nL xfg]/ xTof u/L bf]xf]/f]
d"7e]8sf] ;+1f lbg' zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] sfg"g leqsf] z}nL g} xf] .
s'g}klg xTofdf k/]sf JolQmsf] gfd, 7]ufgf, x}l;ot cflb atfP/ d"7e]8df
d[To' x'g k'u]sf] ;dfrf/ /]l8of]n] km"Sof] eg] hf] sf]xL nf6f] ;f]emf]
hgtfn] klg a'em\5g\ ls of] lu/km\tf/ u/]/} xTof u/]sf] xf] .
k|lts[ofjfbLx?sf] d[To'b08sf] d"7e]8sf] z}nLdf
lzsf/ x'g'ePsf] 5– alb{of algofef/sf Pl/of ;]qm]6/L s= 5nfª\ cyf{t k/z'/fd vgfn
. pxf"nfO{ ut df3 !( ut] ;b/d'sfddf slyt u:tL u/]sf] xTof/f] hTyfn]
afnfk'/ ufp" 3]/f xfnL lu/km\tf/ u/]/ lgd{dtfk"j{s oftgf lbO{ xTof
u/]sf] ;dfrf/ v'Ng cfPsf] 5 . pxf"nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]/ lnPkl5 gfd 7]ufgf /
x}l;ot ;a} v'nfO{ e""8Ldf ;+uLgn] 3f]r]/ cfGb|f e""l8 aflx/
lgsfnL, xft, v'§ ef"rL lbP/ qm'/ tl/sfn] xTof ul/Psf] s'/f gfd gatfpg]
;t{df Aof/]ss} Ps l;kfxLn] xfd|f ;DjfbbftfnfO{ atfPsf 5g\ .
:d/0fLo of] 5 ls pxf"nfO{ u'nl/ofdf rGbf
p7fp"b} u/]sf] cj:yfdf zfxL ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ ug{ vf]Hbf ;'/IffsdL{ dfly
uf]nL rnfP/ efUg vf]h]sfn] ;]gfsf] k|ltsf/df dfl/Psf] / gub ? &@ xhf/ ;lxt
/;Lb ;d]t a/fdb ePsf] ;dfrf/ /]l8of]n] k|zf/0f u/]sf] lyof] . hasL pQm /sd rGbf
p7fPsf] cj:yfdf geO{ Pl/ofsf] cfly{s sf]if ePsf] / pxf";"u Psnfv
ePsf] s'/f dfcf]jfbLsf] >f]tn] atfPsf] 5 . o;k|sf/ a/fdb ul/Psf] /sddf ;d]t
e|i6frf/ ug]{ zfxL hNnfbx?sf] 3[l0ft s[ofsnfksf] ;d]t pQm ;]gfsf] >f]tn]
hgfPsf] 5 .
e|dk"0f{ ;dfrf/sf] v08g
hg;Qfsf] Ohfht ljkl/t hfh/sf]6 nx" uf=h=;=–*
P]/f/L lgjf;L rqmaxfb'/ l;+x / wgaxfb'/ l;+x lzsf/ v]Ng h+un hfG5g\ . h+undf
u'gf -n+u'/] af"b/_nfO{ wgaxfb'/n] xfg]sf] uf]nL rqmaxfb'/ l;+xnfO{ nfUg
k'U5 . rqmaxfb'/sf] af"of v'§fdf uf]nL nfu]kl5 pkrf/fy{ rf}/hxf/L nluG5 .
Toxf" 8fS6/x?n] pkrf/ ug{ g;s]kl5 wgaxfb'/ / adaxfb'/ b'j}n] dfcf]jfbLn]
xTof ug]{ p2]Zon] uf]nL xfg]sf] eGg] e|dsf] of]hgf agfO{ vnËf k|zf;gdf z/0f lng
k'U5g\ . k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Låf/f efu]/ cfpg ;kmn ePsf] elg gLh 3fOt]
rqmaxfb'/nfO{ ;/sf/L sf]ifdf pkrf/fy{ nluG5 .
of] 36gfnfO{ Toxf"sf] hfh/sf]6 ;Gb]z gfds ;/sf/L
x08Låf/f ;~rflnt klqsfn] ;To tYo 5fgljg gu/L lgh rqmaxfb'/sf] slyt aofg /
k|zf;gsf] ;"rgf d'tfljs ;TonfO{ 9fs5f]k u/L ;dfrf/ k|sflzt ul/G5 . pQm
klqsfdf n]lvPsf] 5 – …3fOt]sf a'jf dfgaxfb'/ l;+xnfO{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] )%#
r}q @$ ut] xTof u/]sf lyP / clxn] 5f]/fnfO{ dfg]{ p2]Zon] uf]nL xfg]
======================= .Æ
dfcf]jfbLsf] >f]tn] hgfPsf] 5 ls rqmaxfb'/ cfkm\g}
k]zf u/]/ 3/df a;]sfn] pgL;+u kf6L{sf] s'g} b'ZdgL 5}g a? pkrf/ ug{ / ;/sf/af6
/sd lgsfnL vfg] p2]Zon] wgaxfb'/ / lgh rqmaxfb'/sf] of]hgfdf tYonfO{ 9fs5f]k
u/L o;k|sf/sf] e|d 5l/Psf] xf] .
rqmaxfb'/;+u kf6L{n] b'ZdgL /fVg'kg]{ / xTof g}
ug'{kg]{ s'g} sf/0f gePsf] x'gfn] pgLx? lzsf/ v]Ng uPsf] ;do 3fOt] e{;s]kl5
pkrf/ / :jfy{ k"/f ug]{ p2]Zon] e|d 5l/Psf]n] sf]xL klg ;f] e}dk"0f{
;dfrf/df ljZjf; gug{ ;d]t :yfgLo kf6L{n] hgfPsf] 5 .
%!cf}+ dfgjflwsf/ lbj;sf] pkxf/, a'jfx?sf] nf;
kf08j yfkf÷ -khf?_ hfh/sf]6
æd]/f] gfd cfwf/ / alxgLsf] gfd Onfsf xf] . xfdL Ps}
3/sf b'O{ efO{sf 5f]/L xf}+ . d clxn] @) aif{df k|j]z u/]+ / alxgL !* aif{df .
xfdL )%^ d+;L/ @^ ut] b]lv hgo'4sf] ofqfdf k|j]z u/]sf xf}+ . xfd|f a'jfx?
ufp"sf ;fdfGo ls;fg x'g'x'GYof] . pxf"x? s'g} klg kf6L{ / ;+u7gdf
x'g'x'GgYof] . t/klg of] xTof/f] ;/sf/sf] lzsf/ x'g'eof], Tof] klg ljZj
dfgjflwsf/ lbj;sf] lbgdf . To;}n] jf:tljs clwsf/ lng xfdL o'4d} nfu]sf xf}+ .Æ
of] egfO{ xf] kf"rf} j6flnog cGt/ut …l;Ú sDkgLdf
sfo{/t ;]S;g sdf08/ s= ;/:jtL a'9fsf] .
hfh/sf]6–khf? uf=h=;=–( 6Lsfrf}/sf ;lxbåo bfh'
ljZjaxfb'/ a'9f / efO{ z+s/ a'9fsf 5f]/Lx? qmdzM cfwf/ -;/:jtL a'9f_ / Onfsf
-rGb|snf a'9f_ clxn] kfrf}+ j6flnogdf sfo{/t\ 5g\ . pgLx?sf a'jfx? b'j}
efO{nfO{ )%^ sf] ljZj dfgjflwsf/ lbj; !) l8;]Dj/sf lbg 3/d} ;'lt/x]sf] ;dodf
ljxfg lj5\of}gfaf6} lu/km\tf/ u/]/ nlu ufp"df lnP/ laxfg & ah] uf]nL
xfgL xTof u/]sf] lyof] . Tolta]nf xTof ug]{ k'ln;x? ufp" glhs}sf] rf}sLaf6
;'/fsL g/jL/ lu/Lsf] ;'/fsdf cfPsf] s'/fsfgLsf] qmddf Onfsfn] atfOg .
æTolta]nf xfd|f] ufp"af6 Ps–b'O{ hgf o'jfx? dfq
kf6L{df nfUg'ePsf] lyof] . t}klg ufp"sf] glhs} k'ln; rf}sL ePsf] /
ufp"sf] ;'/fsL g/jL/ lu/L /ftf]lbg rf}sLdf hfg] / ufp"sf] s'/f nufpg]
ugf{n] lbgx'" h;f] b'Zdg ufp"df cfP/ ;tfO{ /xGYof] . xfdL t ;fg} lyof}+
xfd|f a'jf, bfh', cfdf sf]xL klg s'g} /fhg}lts kf6L{df x'g'x'Gy]g . ufp"df
b'Zdgn] w]/} ;tfPsf]n] 8/n] xfd|f] kl/jf/ ;a} Ol08of uof}+ . Ol08ofdf klg
ul/anfO{ ;'v x'g] /x]g5 . Ps aif{ u'hf/f ug{ klg ufx|f] eof] . clg a'jfx?n]
xfdL t kf6L{df klg 5}gf}+ xfdLnfO{ s] xf]nf / < hfp" 3/d} eg]/
kmls{of}+ . kmls{Psf] s]xL lbgd} a'jfx?sf] xTof u¥of]Æ –Onfsfn] ljutsf] Oltxf;
atfp"b} elgg\ .
Onfsfn] 36gf x'"bfsf] lbgsf] l:yltaf/]
atfp"b} elgg\– æTo;lbg hgd'lQm ;]gfs]f Pp6f Knf6'g ufp"df cfPsf] /x]5
xfdLnfO{ t yfxf lyPg . b'Zdgn] ;tfp"5 eg]/ 8/n] xfd|f] b'j} 3/sf] kl/jf/
7'nf] a'jfsf] 3/ -ljv{axfb'/sf] 3/_df ;'t]sf lyof}+ . ljxfg} b'Zdgsf] x'n 3/
leq k:of] / a'jfx?nfO{ wSsf d'SsL ub}{ p7fof], cfdfnfO{ klg n5f/k5f/ u¥of] .
lbbL / d ;fy} ;'t]sf lyof}+, d}n] ;'?jfn, s'yf{ nufPsL lyP" To;}n] dnfO{
w]/} ;f]wk'5 u¥of] clg a'jfx? / xfdL b'O{ alxgLnfO{ ;dft]/ nUof] cfdfx? c?
efO{–alxgLx? 3/d} /f]O/x] cln k/ nu]kl5 xfdLnfO{ 5f]l8lbof] / a'jfx?nfO{
ufp"df nu]/ uf]nLxfgL df¥of] . To;kl5 cg'xf/ glrlgg] ul/ kf]nkfn kf/]/
5f]l8 uof] . To;kl5 xfdL 8/n] 3/df ga;]/ h+unlt/ nfUof}+ . ;"w}e/L h+undf
a;]/ s] ;fWo xf]nf / a? kf6L{df lx+8f}+ / ;]gfdf uP/ a'jfsf] abnf lng'k5{ egL
b'O{ alxgLn] ;Nnfx u¥of}+ / kf6L{df nfUof}+ .Æ
Ol08of hfg'eGbf klxn] klg x/]s lbg kl/jf/ ;a} h+un uP/
;'Tg] u/]sf] t/ Tolta]nf ev{/} dfq Ol08ofaf6 cfPsf]n] 3/df ;'Tg] u/]sf] b'O{
rf/ lbg ePsf] s'/fsfgLsf] qmddf cfwf/n] atfOg\ .
;fg} pd]/df kf6L{df nfUg] ;f]+r lsg agfpg' eof] t eGg]
k|Zgsf] hjfkm lb+b} Onfsf elG5g\– ædfcf]jfbL geP klg t lgbf]{z hgtfnfO{ b'Zdgn]
dfg]{ /x]5 eg] To;sf] abnf lng dfcf]jfbL g} x'g' kg]{ s'/f l7s nfUof] clg
lx+l8of] . km]l/ ;fg} pd]/df lx+8\g t of] b'i6 ;/sf/n] jfWo kf¥of] . d}n] 3/
5f]8\bf !$ aif{sL lyP", lbbL !^ aif{sL . xfdLnfO{ ;fgf] pd]/sf] eg]/
hgd'lQm ;]gfdf egf{ ug{ kf6L{n] dfg]g\ xfdLn] pd]/ ;fgf ePklg z/L/ t 7"n}
5 lg xfdL /fOkmn rnfpg ;S5f}+ eGbf klg lbOPg / )%* b]lv dfq} xfdL ;]gfdf
nfUof}+ . klxn] :jod\ ;]js dfq eof}+ .Æ
æb'Zdgn] xfdLnfO{ ;dfTbf xfd|f] ufp" ;a} 3]/f
xfn]sf] /x]5 . ufp"sf ;a} Ps} 7fp"df hDdf ePsf lyof}+ xfdLnfO{ ;dft]/
lnof] . a'jfx?nfO{ df/]/ kmls{bf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] lk=Pn=;+u le8Gt eof] b'Zdg klg
tLghgf ToxL+ 9n] . xfd|f a'jfx?;+u} Pshgf d}tfn' / Pshgf Aofkf/LnfO{;+u}
df¥of]Æ – pgn] atfOg\ .
qmflGtaf6} xTofsf] abnf lng] atfp"5g\ pgLx? .
clxn];Dd s] slt sfjf{xLdf efu lng' eof] eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf Tof] b'O{ alxgLn]
km"lt{sf ;fy atfp"5g\– æxfdL gf}d"n], 3f]/fxL, c5fd, h'Dnf,
kf"rsf6Lof / s';'ddf ;xefuL eP/ abnf t lnO/x]sf 5f}+ .Æ sfjf{xLdf ;xefuL
x'"bf s:tf] cg'e"tL ug'{ eof] t eGbf pgLx? eG5g\– æc;fWo} uj{ nfU5 /
j'jfx?sf] cfkm\g} cf"vf cufl8 xTof u/]sf] b[io emNemNtL b]lvG5 / P;fN6df
/x]/ u/d hf];sf ;fy /fOkmnsf k/f{ 5f]8\5f}+ .Æ n8fO{df cfkm"nfO{ klg uf]nL
nfu]sf] / pkrf/ kl5 k'gM df]rf{d} vl6Psf] s'/f cfwf/n] ;'gfOg\ . d[To';+u
8/nfu]g eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkm Onfsfn] o;/L lbOg– æxfdLnfO{ a'jfx?;+u} klg t dfg{
;SYof] Tolta]nf s'GgL s] rfG; eof] / xfdLnfO{ arfof], dg'{ g} 5 eg] Oltxf;df
gfd /fv]/} dg'{ a]; eGg] nfU5 / a'jfx? / tL ;'Ts]/L d}tfn'sf] /ut kf]lvPsf]
b]Vbf cfqmf]; cfp"5 / cfkm\gf] 8/ t 8f"8f] sf6]/ efUbf] /x]5 .Æ Tolta]nf
pgL w]/} uDeL/ / efj's eOg . æxfdL cfjZostfdf /ut aUg'nfO{ :jefljs 7fG5f}+ .Æ
of] egfO{ lyof] – cfwf/sf] .
o'4df nfu]/ s] s:tf] dx;'; ug'{ePsf] 5 t eGbf b'j}sf]
Pp6} :j/ lyof]– æxfdLn] k'?if ;/x clwsf/ klg kfPsf 5f}+ / dlxnfn] s]xL ug{
;Qm}gg\ eGg] k'?ifjfbL ;f]+rnfO{ r'gf}lt lbP/ s]xL u/]/ cfkm\gf] ;fx; klg
b]vfPsf 5f}+ .Æ clxn] t hgd'lQm ;]gfdf em08} Ps ltxfO{ eGbf w]/} dlxnf ePsf]
bfjL 5– s= Onfsfsf] .
kf6L{ / hgd'lQm ;]gfdf dlxnf k'?if s]xL e]befj gePsf],
;a}nfO{ pRr hgjfb k|fKt ePsf] 5 / dlxnfx?nfO{ zf]if0f 5 eGg] b'Zdgsf] k|rf/ o'4
/ kf6L{nfO{ ab\gfd ug]{ rfndfq xf] elG5g\ – s=Onfsf .
cfTd;dk{0f u/]sfx?sf] egfO{ s:tf] nfU5 eGg] k|Zgsf]
hjfkmdf s= Onfsfsf] hjfkm lyof] – s]xL @÷$ hgf u2f/ / sfo/x?n] tyfgfd eGb}df
o'4 /f]lsg] xf] / < sfo/x?n] b'Zdg;+u hLjgsf] eLv dfu]/ cfkm\g} a'jf cfdfsf]
ju]sf] /ut lkPsf 5g\ . ltg} cfTd;dk{0f ug]{x?sf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?nfO{ klg t
df/]sf] 5 ltgsf dflnsx?n] eGb} cfqmf]z kf]lV5g\ .
ljjfx u/]kl5 ;]Go df]rf{ qmdzM 5f]8\g] u/]sf] s'/f klg
;'Ggdf cfPsf] 5 lg eGg] k|Zg ubf{ b'j}sf] ;fd"lxs egfO{ lyof]– æklxnf]
s'/f o'4df l56f] ljjfx ug'{ g} unt 5 /
ul/xfn] klg aRrf hGdfpg' x'"b}g . aRrf hGd] kl5 sfd ug{ z'?sf dlxgfx?df
cK7\of/f] ePklg Ps 8]9 aif{ kl5 ;]gfdf sfd ug{ ;lsG5 . of] e|dnfO{ lrg{ klg
;a}n] ;fx;sf ;fy sfd u/]/ b]vfO{ lbg'k5{ eGg] wf/0ff 5 . /, xfdL lt lbbL
alxgLx?nfO{ cg'/f]w klg u5f}{+ .Æ
tkfO{sf a'jfx?nfO{ dfgjflwsf/ lbj;s} lbg xTof u/]sf]
/x]5, sf]xL dfgjflwsf/jfbLx? ufp"df slxNo} cfPsf lyP t < eGg] k|Zg ubf{
s= Onfsf elG5g\– æzx/df a;]/ dfgjflwsf/sf] 8fsf] xfNg]x? o:tf 36gf x]g{ lsg
cfp"y] < pgLx? t ;/sf/n] k|rf/ u/]sf] ;dfrf/ ;'Gb} / dfgjflwsf/sf]
pn+3g eof] eGb} xfdL -dfcf]jfbLnfO{ eGg vf]h]sf] xf]nf_nfO{ g} ufnL u5{g\ .
oxf" ufp" phf8 kf/]sf] 5, lgbf]{if hgtfnfO{ df/]sf] 5 To;sf] n]vf hf]vf
5}g . a? hgo'4 z'? eP/ dfq hgtfn] cfkm\gf] clwsf/ kfPsf 5g\ .Æ o;af/] pgLx?sf]
yk egfO{ lyof]– ædfgjflwsf/sf s'/f t hgtfnfO{ b]vfpg] vf]qmf] efif0f dfq xf] lt
;+:yfx?n] s'/f dfq u5{g\ hgtfdf cfp"b}gg\ . xfd|f h:tf s'gf sfKrfsf
ufp"3/sf hgtfn] dfgjflwsf/ kfpg s] ug'{ k5{ / s] ug'{ kb}{g eg]/ ltgLx?n]
slxNo} l;sfPsf 5g\ / < cfqmf]z kf]Vb} pgLx?N] eg]–a? dfcf]jfbLn] n8]/ clwsf/
lng'k5{ eGg] t l;sfof] . To;}n] klg hgtf dfcf]jfbL lt/} nfu]sf 5g\ .Æ
cfkm" h:t} bdgdf k/]sf c? lbbL–alxgLx?nfO{
tkfO{x?sf] s] egfO{ 5 t eGg] k|Zg ubf{ b'j} alxgLx?n] eg]– æxfd|f] clGtd nIf
juL{o d'lQm n8\g' xf] . ;j} lbbL–alxgLx? ca bljP/ gj;f}+ ;fd"lxs :jfy{
lnP/ cfGbf]ngdf nfuf}+ . xfdL olx ;Gb]z lbg rfxG5f}+ .
s'/fsfgLsf qmddf ljutsf] 36gf ;Dembf slta]nf cToGt}
efj's aGb} / n8fO{sf df]rf{sf s'/f p7fp"bf km]/L kL8f ljl;{P/ v';Ln]
k|km'lNnt x'"b} df]rf{sf 36gfsf ljj/0f ;'gfp"y]– s= cfwf/ / s=
Onfsfn] .
lbbL t ;fIf/ dfq x'g'x'GYof] Tof] klg o'4df nfu]kl5
dfq n]vk9 ug{ l;Sg'ePsf] xf] . d}n t kf"r sIff;Dd k9]sL 5' eg]/ Onfsfn]
atfOg\ . clxn] s= Onfsf Knf6'gsf] pk–sdf08/ l5g\ eg] s= cfwf/ rfxL+ ;]S;g
sdf08/ .
dfgjflwsf/ lbj;s} lbg 36]sf] 36gfaf6} d'lQmsf] af6f]
vf]Hb} lx+8]sf cfwf/ / Onfsfx?n] dfgjflwsf/jf/] a9L s]Gb|Lt eP/ /fv]sf]
lh1f;faf/] atfp"b} eg]– vf]O{ xfdLn] dfgjflwsf/sf] pkxf/ t xf]nf, uf]nLsf]
lzsf/ ePsf a'jfx?sf] nf; kfof}+ .
%!cf}+ ljZj dfgjflwsf/ lbj;sf] lbg ljZjsf x/]s zx/x?sf
7"nf 7"nf kf"r tf/] xf]6]nx?df dfgjflwsf/jfbLx? hgtfsf] xs /
clwsf/af/] sfo{kqx? k9\b}y] xf]nfg\, efif0fdf rsf{ rsf{ s'/f u/]/ ;/sf/x?nfO{
nNsfb}{ lyP xf]nfg\, ljb|f]xLx?nfO{ pkb]z lb+b} lyP xf]nfg\ / ;/sf/sf dGqLx? jf
;lrjx?n] lt uf]li7x?df dfgjflwsf/af/] ;/sf/sf] wf/0ff /fVb} hgtfsf] hLp wgsf]
;'/Iff ug]{ 7]Ssfdf v'nf af]nkq k]; ub}{ eg]sf lyP xf]nf– eL8Gtdf cftÍsf/Lx?
dfq dfl/Psf 5g\ . oL xfdLn] olt olt k|sf/sf xft xltof/ km]/f kf¥of}+ /
cft+ssf/L b:tfj]h klg . ptf ;/sf/L ef]6] s's'/x?n] hfh/sf]6sf] 6Lsfrf}/df h:t}
b]ze/ cGo 7fp"df klg t hgtfsf] /ut lkp"b} / df;' n'5\b} lyP xf]nf .
of] Oltxf;df vf]hL ub}{ hfg] ljifo xf] .
afj' of] /]l8of] ;fl6b]pm
hgfb]z ;Djfbbftf
hfh/sf]6
÷klxn] klxn] >LnÍfdf k[ystfjfbL cfGb]fng rnfO/x]sf ln§]x?n] cfkm\gf] cfwf/
If]qdf /]l8of] ;+rfng u/]sf 5g\ /] eGg] ;'Gbf hgtfnfO{ crDd nfUbYof] . ;/sf/sf
lj?4 5fkfdf/ o'4 ;+rfng u/]sfx?n] /]l8of] :6]zg s;/L :yfkgf ug{ ;s] xf]nfg <
/]l8of]sf] 6fj/nfO{ s;/L n'sfpg ;s]sf xf]nfg\ < /f8f/n] klg kQf nufpg ;Sbf]
/x]g5 ls h:tf k|Zgx? p7\g] ub{y] . t/, clxn] b]zdf juL{o o'4 ;+rfng u/]sf]
kf6L{n] o'4sf va/x? / hgtfsf] uLt ;+uLt Pj+ vf]hd'ns sfo{qmdx? /]l8of] dfkm{t
cfkm\g} sfgn] ;'Gg kfp"bf hgtfsf sf}t'xntf d]l6g] u/]sf] 5 . z'?z'?df t
of] /]l8of] xf] ls Sof;]6 xf] eGg] nfUbf]/x]5 . klqsf lgsfNg ;Dd k|ltaGw nufP/
cfGbf]ngsf] unf /]6\g] w[i6tf d"v{ zf;sx?n] ul//x]sf] a]nf /]l8of] d}
hgjfbL sfo{qmd / ;dfrf/ ;'Gbf ;a}nfO{ crDd nfUg' :jefljs klg xf] .
ljrf/wf/fTds / /fhg}lts sfo{lbzf ;xL jf unt x'g'n]
;a}sf] s'/fsf] lgwf{/0f ub{5 . olb ljrf/wf/f ;xL 5 eg] c;Dej s'/f klg k|fKt
x'G5 / unt 5 eg] ePsf ;a} lrh klg u'Db} hfG5 eg]/ s= dfcf]n] eGg'ePsf] s'/f olx
xf]nf . g]kfnL qmflGtn] cfkm\gf cf7 j6f a;Gt leq} hgtfsf sfgdf cfkm\gf
sfo{qmdx? /]l8of]sf] dfWodaf6} >j0f u/fpg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . Tof] klg Pp6f dfq
geO{ rf/j6f :6]zgx?af6 .
æof] /]l8of] hgjfbL u0ftGq g]kfn, e]/L–s0ff{nL If]qLo
k|zf/0f ;]jf xf] . oxf"x? Pkm=Pd=;o d]ufxh{af6 of] sfo{qmd ;'lg/xg' ePsf]
5 . ;j{k|yd ;j{xf/f cGt/f{{li6«o uLtaf6 xfdL cfhsf] sfo{qmd cufl8 a9fpg uO/x]sf
5f}+ .Æ
oL jfSof+zaf6 x/]s a]n'sf ^ ah] b]lv hgjfbL /]l8of]
sfo{qmd ;+rfng x'G5 . hf/zfxL / ;a} k|sf/sf zf]if0fsf lj?4 o'4 ;+rfng u/]sf]
?;L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ / n]lggn] ;g\ !(!& cS6f]j/df ljho xfl;n u/]s} lbg
uf}/jzfnL kf6L{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf cWoIf s= k|r08åf/f cfd g]kfnL hgtfsf
gfddf ljz]if ;Gb]z lbP/ pb\3f6g ul/Psf] hg/]l8of]x? clxn] cfwf/If]qx?df cToGt}
nf]slk|o ag]sf 5g\ .
e]/L–s0ff{nL If]qLo k|zf/0f ;]jfn] x/]s lbg a]n'sf ^
ah] kl5 ;+rfng x'g] sfo{qmd /ftL * ah] g]kfnL / c+u|]hL efiffdf ;dfrf/ k|zf/0f
u/L aGb x'G5 . ut kmfu'g ! ut] cf7f}+ aif{uf"7;+u} of] /]l8of]n] ljxfg
;ftah] b]lv cf7ah] ;Dd Ps 306f yk ;]jf k|bfg ug{ yfn]sf] 5 . ;fy} a]n'sfsf]
;dfrf/ k|zf/0fsf] ;do klg abn]/ ^M@% df ;f/]sf] 5 . ax';+Vos >f]tfx?sf]
cg'/f]wnfO{ :jLsf/ u/L ;dfrf/sf] ;do ablnPsf] s'/f /]l8of] ;+rfns cljgf; s]=;L=
n] s'/fsfgLsf qmddf atfpg' eof] .
ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf dxfg\ g]tfx? dfS;{, P+u]N;,
n]lgg, :6flng, dfcf] / k|r08sf dxfg\ pb\uf/x? jfrg u/]/ sfo{qmdsf] z'?jft ul/G5
. ;dosf] kfqf] -Sofn]08/_ atfO{ ;s]kl5 cGt/f{li6«o uLt k|zf/0f ul/G5 .
sfo{qmdsf] ;do tflnsf o;k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 .
^ M )) sfo{qmdsf] z'?cft M
s_ ;j{k|yk dxTjk"0f{ pb\uf/ afrg
v_ cGt/f{li6«o uLt k|zf/0f
^M)% ah] ;fdlos ;ldIff -/fli6«o Pj+ cGt/f{li6«o 36gf
kl/36gfx?sf] ljZn]if0f_
^M!) ah] ljrf/wf/f
^M@% ah] klxn] g]kfnL / kl5 c+u|]hL efiffdf ;dfrf/
k|zf/0f
^M#% ah] @!cf}+ ztfAbL
^M%) ah] ;+uLt ;GWof cGt/ut ljljw hgjfbL ;f+lults
sfo{qmd
&M!) ah] ljljw sfo{qmd k|zf/0f . h;df
cfOtaf/ – ;flxTo >[hgf cGt/ut ;a} ljwfsf k|zf/0f,
>i6fx?s] jfrg cflb .
;f]djf/ – Oltxf;sf kfgfx? cGt/ut ljZjsf 36gfqmd /
k|efjjf/] hfgsf/L
d+unjf/ – 5nkmn
j'wjf/ – lh1f;f >f]tfx?sf k|Zg / cGo ljifodf
ljlxaf/ – ;flxTo >[hgf
z'qmjf/ – Oltxfl;sf kfgfx?
zlgjf/ – kqdGh'zf tyf ;Gb]z k|zf/0f .
&M#) ah] ;+uLt ;Gb]z -qmflGtsf/L uLt ;+uLtx?n]
hgtfdf lbg vf]h]sf] ;Gb]z af/] uLt ;+uLtsf] ;ldIff ;lxt uLt k|zf/0f_
*M)) ah] sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg u/L /]l8of] aGb /xG5 .
ljljw sfo{qmddf h:t} u/L @!cf}+ ztfAbL af/] sfo{qmddf
klg x/]s lbg km/s km/s sfo{qmd lbOG5 . o;df ljz]if u/L @!cf} ztfAbLsf] ;Qf /
;+:s[lt Pj+ dfgj hLjg;+u ;DjlGwt x/]s ljifox? af/] sfo{qmd ;d]6]/ lbOG5 . h;df
cfO{tjf/ – @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] s[lif{ tyf pBf]u
;f]djf/ – @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] hg;}lgs
d+unjf/ – @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] hflt–hghflt
a'wjf/ – @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] cfwf ;+;f/ -dlxnf ljz]if_
ljxLjf/– @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] hg:jf:Yo tyf hglzIff
z'qmjf/– @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] ;lxb ufyf / hg;Qf
zlgjf/– @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] ;fKtflxs ;dfrf/ ljZn]if0f
sfo{qmdnfO{ cem j}1flgs / nf]slk|o agfpg / clxn]sf]
cfjZostf cg';f/ hgtfsf] r]tgf clej[l4 u/fpg' kg]{ vf"rf] /x]sf] t/ cfkm'x?
s'g} klg tflnd / k|ljlwsf] hfgsf/L glnP/ g} sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{ k/]sf]
s''/fsfgLsf cj;/df cljgf; s]=;L=n] jtfpg' eof] .
hLjge/ Ps k6s klg ;fdfGo sfo{qmdsf] dfOsdf ;d]t
gplePsf], Ps}rf]6L /]l8of]df sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{kbf{ z/L/ g} sf"k]sf] Joyf
atfpg' 5g\ –ck{0ff zdf{ . o:t} egfO lyof]– cfzf zdf{sf] . pgn] eg]– d}n] t
cfh;Dd /]l8of] :6]zg g} b]v]sL 5}g ca d}n] klg Toxf" uP/ ;dfrf/ jfrg ug'{5
d]/f] d'6' clxn] g} km"ln;s]sf] 5 .
clxn] ck{0ff, cfzfx?n] cToGt} ld7f] :j/df lgw{Ssf ;fy
sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ . o'4 l;s]/ ug]{ eGbf klg u/]/ l;Sg] lrh eP h:t}
/]l8of] ;+rfng af/] k|lts[of lb+b} cljgf; s]=;L= eG5g\ –æj:t'n] r]tgfsf] ljsf;
u5{ eGg] dfS;{jfbL åGbjfb eg]sf] oxL /x]5 . klxnf /]l8of]sf] dfOqmf]kmf]g
;dfp"bf xft sf"k]/ cfp"Yof] t/ clxn] h]gt]g sfo{qmd ;+rfng
ul//x]sf 5f}+ . ld7f] gld7f] s:tf] ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/f t >f]tfx?n]
d"NofÍsg ul//x]sf 5g\ .
hg/]l8of]sf sfo{qmdx? ;b/d'sfddf /x]sf b'Zdgsf
SofDkx?df klg ;]gf, k'ln;x?n] n'ls l5kL ;'Gg] u/]sf] s'/f ;z:q ljb|f]x ul/
hgd'lQm ;]gfdf ;fd]n ePsf ;z:q k|x/Lx? atfp"5g\ . lsg n's]/ ;'G5g\ t egL
k|Zg ubf{ pgLx?sf] egfO{ lyof]– ædfcf]jfbLsf] sfo{qmd ;'g]/ l;kfxL, k'ln;n] ;j}
dfcf]jfbL aGnfg / cfkm} k|lt xltof/ ;f]em\ofpnfg eGg] 8/ eP/ t xf]nf xflsdx?n]
Pkm=Pd= ;'g]sf] b]v] eg] xKsfpg] / sfjf{xL ;Dd u5{g .Æ hfh/sf]6df t emg\
Aof/]sdf Pkm=Pd= sf] sfo{qmd ;'lg/x]sf l;kfxLx?af6 @ j6f /]l8of] vf];]/ d]h/n]
kmf]8]sf] s'/f Pshgf k|ToIfbzL{ hgtfn] atfP .
/]l8of]af6 hgjfbL sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g yfn]kl5 hg;Qfsf]
jf:tljs cg'e"lt u/]sf] s'/f cfwf/ If]qsf hgtf atfp"5g\ . clxn] j'9f
a'9L hgtfn] dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{nfO{ b]v]kl5 cfkm\gf] 7"nf] /]l8of]n] ;fgf]
/]l8of] ;fl6 lbg cg'/f]w ub}{ eG5g\– æafa' of] /]l8of]df Pkm=Pd= ;'lgb}g ltd|f
/]l8of] b]pm x} .Æ
hgjfbL /]l8of]n] ;dfrf/ k|zf/0f u/]sf] x'gfn] ca aNn
xfdLn] ;To ;dfrf/ ;'Gg kfPsf 5f}+ eGb5g\ – cfwf/If]qsf hgtf .
e]s If]qsf] /]l8of]sf] cfjfh hf/sf]6, ;'v]{t, b}n]v,
;Nofg, ?s'd, alb{of tyf sflnsf]6 / h'Dnfsf] blIf0fL a]N6df ;'lgG5 . ptf ljz]if
If]qsf] /]l8of] eg] ?s'd, /f]Nkf, ;Nofg, Ko"7fg, bfË, jfUn'Ëdf ;'lgG5 .
e]ssf] /]l8of] eGbf ljz]ifsf] /]l8of]sf] k|zf/0f kfj/ a9fOPsf] s'/f ;+rfns
cljgf; s]=;L= n] atfpg' eof] .
ls;fg e]nf ;DkGg
s}nfnL÷ s}nfnL lhNnfsf] ^ g+= Pl/ofdf clvn g]kfn ls;fg
;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sf] e]nf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . l8NnL /fjnsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf]
;f] e]nf, ljz]if cltly s= k|l;4sf] pb\3f6g / s= ;L+xjL/sf] cfltYodf ;fgbf/
9+un] ;kmn ePsf] 5 . ;f]xL e]nfdf cGo hgjuL{o ;+u7gsf k|ltlglwx?n] klg e]nfsf]
;kmntfsf] nflu cf–cfkm\gf] dGtJo k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . cg]/f:jljo"
-qmflGtsf/L_ s}nfnLsf ;b:o s= ljdnn] @!cf}+ ztfAbLdf hgjuL{ ;+u7gsf] cfGbf]ngdf
dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] ljrf/ /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L clvn g]kfn
lzIfs ;+u7gsf & g+= Pl/ofsf cWoIf v8\saxfb'/ s7fotn] klg oltv]/ lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;/sf/n] ;f}t]gL Aojxf/ u/]sf] / y'k|} :yfgdf lzIfsx?sf] xTof
ul//x]sf] 5 / To;sf] lj?4df ;Dk"0f{ ls;fg ljBfyL{ / lzIfs nufot
;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfon] k|ltsf/ ug'{ kg]{ dGtJodf /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . e]nfdf
lhNnfn] lnPsf] lg0f{onfO{ jfrg ub}{ csf{ cltly c=g]=ls=;+= -qmflGtsf/L_sf lhNnf
pkfWoIf k/;'/fd rf}w/Ln] e]nf Pp6f qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngdf Ps ;zQm xltof/sf] ?kdf
k|:t't x'g] 5 eGg] cfkm\gf] dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . e]nfn] rog u/]sf
k|ltlglwx?df cWoIf l8NnL /fjn, pkfWoIf yfg]Zj/ cfrfo{, ;lrj vu]Gb| kf}8]n tyf
;b:ox?df p4jaxfb'/ v8\sf, cf;] af]x/f, k'is/ a'9f, gGbnfn /f]sf, nfnaxfb'/
e08f/L, g/axfb'/ k'g, ledaxfb'/ cf]nL, 5ljnfn g]kfnL, pQd a'9fdu/, rGb|axfb'/
b]jsf]6f, vu]Gb| ;'gf/ / v8\s ;L+ ad /xg'ePsf] 5 . e]nfsf] ;dfkg e]nfsf] cWoIf
l8NnL /fjnåf/f k|lta4tf hfx]/ ub}{ ul/Psf] lyof] . –dl0f ;xsf/L
cfk/flws lu/f]x hgtfaf6 bl08t
lrtjg -df8L _xTof, cft+s, anTsf/ / n'6kf6 ub}{ lx8\g]
Ps ck/flws lu/f]x lrtjgsf] df8Laf6 ;fj{hlgs?kdf l/xf ePsf 5g\ . pgLx? kmfu'g !
ut] ;f"em df8L ufpm"df n'6kf6 / cft+s dRrfO/xbf hgtfsf] sAhfdf k/]sf
lyP . ;a}nfO{ cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf lnO;s]kl5 dfl0fjf;Lx?n] pgLx?nfO{ hgcbfntdf
a'emfPsf lyP . b'O{ lbg hglx/f;tdf /x]/ l/xf x'"bf cleo'Qmx?n] hgtfn]
u/]sf] s8f sfjf{xLnfO{ :jLsfb}{ ca b]lv To:tf] ck/flws s[ofsnfk slxNo} gug]{ /
Psk6snfO{ dfkmL lbg'kg]{ hg;d'bfo ;dIf cg'/f]w u/]sf lyP . gjnk/f;Lsf jgsQL
lgjf;L lzjs'df/ >]i7n] ;f] lu/f]xsf] sdf08/ /x]sf] :jLsf/ u/]sf lyP . ;fy}
pgn] ut sflt{sdf lzIfs a;Gt zdf{ dfly n'6kf6, ut d+l;/ @$ ut] kf]v/fdf 6\ofS;L
8«fOe/sf] xTof cfkm'n] u/]sf] atfP . csf{ ;f]xL ufpmsf ;'dg u'?Ën] kf]v/fd}
6«lkms dlxnf k|x/LnfO{ anTsf/ u/]sf], df8La8'jf ahf/ l;of/f / a;Gtk'/
;'grfbL k;ndf n'6kf6 u/]/ xhf/f}+ wg
;DklQ x/0f u/]sf] atfP . To:t} u/]/ pgLx?;+u} lu/km\tf/df k/]sf lhot rf}w/L,
zlQm >]i7, l;tf/fd cfn]du/ / ltns sfsL{n] y'k|} 7fp"df n'6kf6sf 36gf
36fPsf] :jLsf/b}{ ;a}sf] cufl8 ca b]lv o:tf] sfo{ slxNo} gug]{ k|lta4tf hfx]/
u/] . Psk6snfO{ ;Dk"0f{ hgtfn] sfjf{xL kl5 afRg] clwsf/ lbPsf] 3f]if0ff
u/] . o; ;fxl;s sfo{k|lt P]Soj4tf hgfpb} lhNnf ;qm]6/L s= OGb|lht / Pl/of
OGrfh{ s= kf/zn] k|]; lj1KtL dfkm{t hg;d'bfox?nfO{ wGojfb lbg'ePsf] 5 . rf]/L,
xTof, cft+sjf6 ljlIfKt aGg k'u]sf] t/fO{sf lhNnfx?df o; sfjf{xLn] ;'Mvsf] ;f;
km]g{ lbPsf] 5 .
lzIfs e]nf ;DkGg
s}nfnL÷ clvn g]kfn lzIfs ;+3sf] ^ g+= Pl/ofsf] Pl/of
:t/Lo e]nf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . s= k|l;4sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] ;f] e]nfdf
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s= ljgf]b / clvn g]kfn lzIfs ;+3 sf s]Gb|Lo
cWoIf s= d's'Gb / j6flnog sdL;f/ s= k|Hhjnsf] ljz]if cfltYotf /x]sf] lyof] .
e]nfsf] Aofg/ pb\3f6g ub}{ s= ljgf]bn] eGg'eof]– æcfhsf] o'udf lzIfsx?n]
gof" lhDd]jf/Lsf ;fy} cfkm\gf] k7gkf7gnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg' k5{ / ;fd|fHojfbsf
lj?4 ;Dk"0f{ b]zeQm / hgtflGqs zlQmx? Psh'6 eP/ cufl8 a9\g' k5{ .Æ s]Gb|Lo
cWoIf s= ds'Gbn] z}lIfs :t/df casf] ;dodf gof" kf7\oqmdnfO{ cWoog cWofkgdf
n}hfg' kg]{ s'/f /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . csf{ clylt j6flnog sdL;f/ s= k|Hhjnn] klg
oltv]/ zfxL cd]l/sg ;]gfnfO{ hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnn] Ps kl5 csf]{ k|xf/ ul//x]sf]
/ ;Dk"0f{ hg:t/df hgd'lQm ;]gfn] ;'/Iff lbO/x]sf] s'/f ;d]t dGtJodf /fVg'
ePsf] lyof] . ;+u7g lgdf{0fdf klg cf–cfkm\gf] Pl/ofsf] &÷& hgfsf] ;+u7g
lgdf{0f l/Psf] 5 .
;Dd]ngn] rog u/]sfx?df cWoIf v8\saxfb'/ s7fot, pkfWoIf
x:taxfb'/, ;lrj dLgaxfb'/ k'g, sf]iffWoIf /fdaxfb'/ cf]emf / ;b:ox? ch'{g 3tL{,
/fdgfy h};L / hLj /fjn /xg'ePsf] 5 .
hg;/sf/sf] k|lzIf0f
slknj:t' -kmfu'g_÷ slknj:t' lhNnf hg;/sf/sf]
cfof]hgfdf :yfgLo :t/sf] hg;Qf k|d'v / pkk|d'vsf] lhNnf :tl/o k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd
xfn} ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
slknj:t' lhNnf OGrfh{ s= k|Hhjnsf] k|d'v cfltYodf
;DkGg pQm sfo{qmddf 3f]if0ff eO;s]sf] @* j6f uf=h=;= k|ltlglwx? ;xefuL /x]sf
lyP . ;f] sfo{qmdsf cGo cltlyx? If]qLo Ao'/f] ;b:o s= ljdn / lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=
ljGb' x'g'x'GYof] . pQm k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v jfnf yfkfn]
@!cf}+ ztfAbLdf x'g] gof" hgjfbL ;Qfsf] cjwf/0ff / slknj:t' lhNnf
hg;/sf/n] lgefpg' kg]{ e'ldsf af/] k|lzIf0f lbg' ePsf] lyof] / cGo cltlyx?n]
/fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o ljifodf k|lzIf0f lbg' ePsf] lyof] . e]if/fh
e"iffnsf] ;+rfng / hg;/sf/ k|d'v jfnf yfkfsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg pQm
sfo{qmddf pkl:yt k|ltlglwx?nfO{ lhNnf hg;/sf/ pkk|d'v /fdnf}6g ltjf/Ln] :jfut
ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf /Qm /+lht ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/n] aLr–aLrdf uLt g[Tox?
k|:t't u/]sf] lyof]
–ltns lh=Pd=
;Dd]ng ;DkGg
r+v /f]sfof
h'Dnf÷ clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_
h'Dnf±sflnsf]6sf] t]>f] lhNnf ;Dd]ng eJo ?kdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
;]nfpb} g;]nfPsf] tfhf ;dfrf/sf cg';f/ ;fd|fHojfbL
x:tIf]k, /fHo cft+s, hgxTof / /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbsf lj?4 ljb|f]x >[li6
u/f}+ eGg] d'n gf/fsf ;fy ;'–;DkGg sfo{qmddf c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ s]Gb|Lo
;b:o tyf ;Dd]ngsf k|d'v jQmf ;/:jtL kf08]o nufotsf sd/]8x?n] ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf
;lxt cf–cfkm\gf egfO JoQm u/]sf lyP .
b'O{ lbg ;Dd ;+rflnt ;Dd]ngn] ;efklt u+uf uf}td cWoIf
/xg] u/L @& ;b:o og u/]sf] 5 . h;df cWoIf u+uf uf}td, pkfWoIf u+uf v8\sf,
;lrj ?s'df lji6, ;x –;lrj u+uf sfsL{ sf]iffWoIf dfof /]UdL, ;b:ox?df cd[tf
uf}td, tf/fb]jL rf}nfufO{, lgd{nf Gof}kfg], ;'gdfof zfxL, uf}/L clwsf/L, /flwsf
zfxL, lxdfnL cfrfo{, d]gsf l;+x, ld7' zfxL, ;fljqf /]UdL, lji0f'dfof /f]sfof,
Ao'l6 cfrfo{, kfj{lt e08f/L, wd{snf rf}nfufO{, sfln ad, clgtf a'9f, ho nIdL
Gof}kfg], gGbf zfxL, b'uf{ dxf]tf/f, /fdb]lj a'9f, kb\df xdfn, sfln g]kfnL,
/x]sf 5g\ .
gj lgjf{lrt kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ xhf/f}+ dlxnfsf] u8
u8fx6k"0f{ tflnn] ;xdt hgfPsf] lyof] eg] k|d'v jQmf kf08]on] clj/ j/0f /
jwfO{ dGtJo lbg'ePsf] lyof] . ;f] ;Dd]ngsf] ;+rfns u+uf sfsL{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof]
. pkl:ytL ;a}nfO{ cfkm\gf egfOåf/f :jfut u+uf v8\sfn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . aLr
aLrdf sfl~h/f]jfsf snfsf/ ljb|f]xsf] snfsf/n] cfkm\gf k|:t'tL k|bz{g u/]sf lyP
.
cGtdf gjlgjf{lrt cWoIf u+uf uf}tdn] cfkm\gf] ;+u7g
pTkLl8t dlxnf ju{sf lgDtL / zfifs ju{sf lj?4 /lQme/ gem'sL n8\g] k|ltj4tf hfx]/
ub}{ ;Dd]ng cToGt} P]ltxfl;s /x]sf] atfpb} ;Dd]ngsf] ;dfkg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfl~h/f]jf sf]vaf6 rf/ kflIfs hlGdP
h'Dnf sflnsf]6÷ ut df3sf] bf]>f] xKtf b]lv h'Dnf
lxdf x'"sf/, hg ljb|f]x, sflnsf]6df r'lnsf] ;Gb]z, ljb|f]xsf] x'"sf/
ul/ rf/ j6f leQ] klqsf k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ .
oL klqsf !% lbg] kflIfs x'g . lhNnfsf ;Dk"0f{
Pl/ofx?df 36]sf 36\gf, eP u/]sf sfd sfo{x?sf] k|rf/ k|zf/ ug]{ ul//x]sf] 5 eg] d'Vot k|lts[ofjfbL ;Qfsf ;+rf/
ldl8ofåf/f ul/g] skf]slNkt Psxf]/f] kfunk"0f{ ;dfrf/sf] o;n] Aofks
e08fkmf]/ ug]{ u/]sf] 5 .
olta]nf !÷! c+s k|sflzt eO{ Pl/ofx?df ljt/0f eO;s]sf]
kflIfssf ;Dkfbs atfp"5g\ . k|sflzt leQ] klqsf klxn] b]lv h'Dnfdf k|sflzt
sfl~h/f]jf kflIfsaf6 kflnt kf]lift ePsf 5g\ .
nf]s ;f":s[lt ;+/If0fsf nfuL k|yd hgjfbL
;f":s[lts dxf]T;j
cf7f} jflif{sf]T;j eAo ?kdf ;DkGg
/fhjxfb'/ s'"j/—
;']{vt÷ dxfg\ g]kfnL hgo'4sf] cf7f} jflif{sf]T;j
k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/LnfO{ k"/f ug]{ dxfg\ P]ltxfl;s 3l8sf ?kdf ljljw sfo{qmdsf
;f/f eAo ?kdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
cf7f}
jflif{sf]T;jnfO{ eAotf k'j{s ;DkGg ug{sf nfuL ut df3 @( ut] b]lv @( ut] ;Dd
k|rf/ ;Ktfx / kmfNu'0f !b]lv & ;Dd ;f":s[lts ;Ktfxsf ?kdf dgfOPsf] 5 .
;fy} & b]lv !$ ;Ddsf] k|lt/f]w ;Ktfx / kmfNu'0f !$ b]lv @! ;Dd zlxb :d/0f
;Ktfx /x]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
k|rf/ ;Ktfx
of] ;Ktfx e/L lhNnfsf !! cf]6f Pl/ofx?df
k|rf/ k|;f/sf sfo{qmdx? eJo ?kdf ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . ljleGg ljwfno ;fj{hlgs :yfgsf
:yfgLo j'l4hLlj Aofkf/L nufPt ;j{;fw/0f hg;d'bfo ju{ e]63f6 5nkmn cGt{lqmof
Jofks lyof] eg] gf/f jfnk]lG6ª, ´08f,
Aofg/, tf]ng h:tf sfo{x? ePsf 5g\ .
;f":s[lts ;Ktfx
of] ;Ktfx e/L clj/ofqf eJotfk'j{s ;DkGg ePsf]
5 . ;f":s[lts sfo{qmd, v]ns'b, lrofkfg, z'esfdgf cfbg k|bfg h:tf sfo{qmdx?
;DkGg ePsf 5g\ .
v]ns'b
;'v]{tsf] cjnlrª, d6]nf /flgjf;nfO{ Ps g+=If]q eg]/
lrlgG5 ToxL If]qsf] gd'gf ;Qfsf] cfof]hgfdf ut kmfNu'0f # ut] elnjn k|ltof]lutf
;DkGg ePsf] 5 . h:df * j6f l6d ;xefuL ;f] elnjn k|ltof]lut ldng rf]s Snj, e}/j
Snj / ;[hgf Snj qmdz M k|yd, b'lto, ltt[o ePsf lyP eg] lxdfn :kf]6{; Snj
;fGTjgf ePsf] lyof] . ;'v]{t b'O{ g+= Pl/ofsf] jh]8L rf}/df xflh/L tkm{ cToGt}
k|lt:kwf{Tds /x]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 . Pl/of g+= # sf] sflk|rf}/df kmfNu'0f ! ut]
elnjn k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;fy} dfWoflds ljwfno :t/Lo xflh/L hjfkm
k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . Pl/of g+= % sf] g]6f dfljdf xflh/L hjfkm k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
;f":s[lts dxf]T;j
ut
kmfNu'0f % ut] lhNnf hg;/sf/sf] cfof]hgfdf ;'v]{t lhNnf s} Oltxf;df k|yd hgjfbL
;f":s[lts dxf]T;j ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
pQm k|yd
hgjfbL ;f":s[lts dxf]T;jdf nf]k x'b} uPsf nx/] g[To, ´ofn' sf6f, l;+uf?
g[To , bdfxf -gu/f_ nufotsf jfhfx? / ljleGg nf]s efsLx? ;f":s[lts
dxf]T;jdf k|b{zg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f":s[lts dxf]T;jdf Pl/of g+= ! / Pl/of
g+= @ sf hg;d'bfox? ;xefuL ePsf lyP . ;f] ;f":s[lts dxf]T;jdf ;xefuL eP/ nf]s
hg;":s[ltsf] ;+:d0fsf ;fy} hgjfbLs/0fdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbg] nf]s
;f":s[lts of]Wbf hg;d'bfonfO{ cyjf dxf]T;jsf k|ltof]lutfnfO{ clvn g]kfn
hg;f":s[lts e]s If]qsf k|ofS;g OGrfh{ /fx'nn] k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ug'{sf ;fy}
z'esfdgf klg JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;fy} ;f]xL lbg ;'v]{t d+unu9L Aof/]vjf6
xTs8L;u} km/f/ eP/ kf6L{ ;Dks{df cfpg] cjnlrª ufp hg;ldltsf ;lrj pbo /fgfnfO{
;'v]{tsf OGrfh{ /fx'nn] bf];Nnf cf]9fO{ clegGbg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . :d/0f /xf];
dxf]T;j / clegGbg d6]nfdf ;DkGg ePsf lyP
.
clj/ ofqf
;'v]{t
lhNnfsf ;Dk"0f{ Pl/ofx?df kmNu'0f ! b]lv & ut] ;Dd eAotfk"j{s
clj/ ofqf ;DkGg x'g'sf] ;fy} ;'v]{tsf] Pl/of g+=^ sf] nflnsf"8fdf clj/
ofqfsf] pb\3f6g jof]j[4 tyf zlxb j'jf dfg s=jnLn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . of] ;ftf
e/L s;}sf lgwf/ klg vfnL ePgg\ ;j}sf] lgwf/ zxLbsf] /utsf] k|lts clj/4f/f /ft}
eP . clj/ oqfsf] pb\3f6gdf zlxb j'jf dfg s=jnLn] æzlxbsf] /utnfO{ gs'lNrP/ cl3
j9\g' k5{ . zlxbsf] ;kgf gof" g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f ePsf]n] Tof] k|fKtL ljb|f]x
ljgf ;+ej 5}g . To;}n] clGtd ljb|f]xsf] tof/Lsf] ?kdf dxfg hgo'4sf] cf7f}
jflif{sf]T;jnfO{ dgfpg' k5{æ, eGg' eof] .