gof" ;Qfdf blntx?n] d'lQmsf] cg'e"lt u/]sf 5g\

afa'/fd uhd]/, s]Gb|Lo ;lrj, g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{

blnt d'lQm df]rf{sf ultljlwx? s;/L cufl8 a9fO/xg' ePsf] 5 <

    xfn g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{nfO{ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] k|ToIf lgb]{zgdf ;~rflnt ;}lgs clwgfosjfbL k'/fgf] ;Qfn] s'g} klg ultljlw ug{ k|ltaGw nufPsf] 5 . oBlk xfdLn] blnt df]rf{sf sfd / ultljlwnfO{ o'4 :t/df cufl8 a9fO{ /x]5f}+ . blnt df]rf{sf] u7g ePsf] 5f]6} cjlwleq cfd blnt ;d'bfosf] aLrdf nf]slk|o Pj+ ;zQm qmflGtsf/L ;+u7gsf] ?kdf :yflkt ePsf] s'/f ;a}df cjut g} 5 . Jofks ;+u7g lgdf{0f, ;'b[9 / ;'b[9Ls/0f ub}{ e]nf, a}7s, k|lzIf0f, df]rf{sf] dftxtdf hgldlnl;of lgdf{0f nufotsf sfo{qmdx? ePsf 5g\ . Toltdfq xf]Og, nfvf}+ blntx? blnt df]rf{sf] em08f d'lg uf]naGb x'"b} dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kynfO{ cfTd;ft u/L blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ng;"u Psfsf/ ub}{ ju{;"3if{df ;xefuL x'g] qmd al9/x]sf] 5 . Jofks k|rf/–k|;f/, jfnk]lG6¨, gf/f h'n';, ;ef Pj+ 5'jf5't d'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff, gd'gf ;+u7g, zxLb u]6, zxLb rf}tf/f] cflb lgdf{0f nufot /rgfTds tyf l;h{gfTds sfo{x? ub}{ cfd blnt ;d'bfosf] ljZjf; lhTg ;kmn ePsf] 5 .

blntx?n] ef]Ug' k/]sf ljljw ;d:ofx?nfO{ tkfO{+x?n] ;~rfng u/]sf ultljlwn] ;Daf]wg ug{ ;s]sf 5g\ <

    lglZrt} ?kdf 5g\ eGg] nfU5 . cfhsf] @! cf}+ ztfJbLsf] j}1flgs o'udf klg lxGb' cx+sf/jfbL ;fdGtL a|fxd0fjfbL /fHo;Qfsf sf/0f b]zsf] Ps rf}yfO{ lx:;f -^) nfv eGbf a9L_ cf]u6]sf blnt ;d'bfo df}lns clwsf/af6 ;d]t jl~rt /x]sf 5g\ . ;bLof}+b]lv /fhg}lts, cfly{s, z}lIfs / ;fdflhs ?kdf ;d]t k5fl8 kfl/Psf blnt ;d'bfo bf]>f] bhf{sf] gful/ssf] ?kdf hLpg jfWo 5g\ . o; vfn] ;d:ofx?af6 kLl8t blntx? xfdLn] ;~rfng u/]sf] ultljlwn] lgs} k|efljt ePsf 5g\ . clkt' xfdLn] blntx?sf ;d:ofnfO{ sfuhdf dfq ;Daf]wg gu/]/ blntx?n] ef]Ug' k/]sf ;d:ofaf6 jf:tljs d'lQmsf] af6f] b]vfpg] sfd ;d]t u/]sf 5f}+ . olt dfq} xf]Og, xfdLn] dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kynfO{ cfTd;ft u/]/ blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ng;"u Psfsf/ u/L ju{;+3if{df ;xefuL ePsf 5f}+ . o;/L cufl8 a9\g] qmddf blnt ;d'bfosf &% k|ltzt ;d:ofx? xn eO;s]sf] kfOG5 . ctM xfdLn] s] s'/f /fd|f];"u a'em\g' cfjZos 5 eg] k|r08kynfO{ cfTd;ftLs/0f ub} juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] cfnf]sdf /x]/ dfq} blntx?sf] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'g ;S5 eGg] s'/fdf cfd blnt ;d'bfo ljZj:t ePsf 5g\ .

blnt ;d'bfosf] jf:tljs d'lQm s;/L x'g ;S5 eGg] nfU5 <

    /fd|f] k|Zg ug'{ eof] . cfh @! cf}+ ztfJbLsf] j}1flgs o'udf klg slyt lxGb' pRr hftLo lje]b Pj+ cdfgjLo 5'jf5't k|yfsf sf/0f blnt ;d'bfon] r/d pTkL8g, bdg / cGofo–cTofrf/ vKb} cfPsf 5g\ . t;y{ slyt lxGb' pRr cx+sf/jfbL ;fdGtL a|fxd0fjfbL, k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;QfnfO{ ;d"n gi6 u/]/ To;sf] 7fp"df gof" hgjfbL …wd{ lg/k]IfÚ /fHo;Qf :yfkgf u/]/ dfq} ;a} vfn] pTkL8gaf6 pTkLl8t ju{sf ;fy} blnt ;d'bfon] klg d'lQm kfpg ;lsG5 . o;y{ g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] s'zn g]t[Tjdf )%@ kmfu'g ! ut] af6 kxn ePsf]  dxfg hgo'4n] dfq} hftLo, If]qLo, ln¨Lo, juL{o ;a}vfn] pTkL8gaf6 d'lQm lbg ;S5 . t;y{ xhf/f}+ blntx? dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kynfO{ cfTd;ft u/L dxfg\ hgo'4df ;xefuL ePsf 5g\ . dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] cfnf]sdf /x]/ dfq} blnt ;d'bfosf] d'lQm x'G5 eGg] s'/f cfh Jofjxfl/s ?kdf :jtM :ki6 ePsf] 5 . hgo'4 z'? ePb]lv clxn];Dd lxhf] x'g] e]befj Pj+ cdfgjLo 5'jf5't k|yf / pTkL8g &% k|ltzt x6\b} uPsf] kfOG5 . clxn];Dd ljz'4 blnt cfGbf]ngaf6 sxL+ klg blnt ;d'bfon] d'lQm kfPsf] Oltxf; 5}g . oxf"sf] xsdf blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ng;"u Psfsf/ u/]/ dfq} blnt ;d'bfosf] d'lQm x'G5 eGg] dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] dfGotfnfO{ sbflk e'Ng' x'"b}g . s= dfcf]n] eGg' eP em}+– æ/fHo;Qf afx]s ;a} s'/f e|d xf]Æ eGg] dfGotf cg'?k /fHo;Qfsf] lgdf{0f x'g] 7fp"df blnt ;d'bfosf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj x'g] s'/fn] g} blnt ;d'bfosf] d'lQmsf] Uof/]06L ub{5 . gof" hgjfbL /fHo;Qfdf dfq} Tof] s'/fsf] Uof/]06L lglZrt ul/G5 . oBlk ;Dk"0f{ rLhsf] km};nf /fHo;Qfn] ug]{ ePsfn] /fHo;Qfsf] k|ZgnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ 3gLe"t agfP/ dfq} blnt ;d'bfosf] jf:tljs d'lQm x'g ;S5 . ;fRr} eGg] xf] eg] ;dfhjfb / ;fDojfbdf k'u]/ dfq jf:tljs k"0f{ d'lQm x'G5 .

xfn ;~rflnt hgo'4nfO{ tkfO"x?n] s;/L x]l//xg' ePsf] 5 <

    cw{;fdGtL / cw{cf}klgj]lzs g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cfd"n kl/jt{g u/L b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ pTkLl8t ju{, hflt, If]q / ln¨sf hg;d'bfonfO{ d'Qm ug]{ dxfg\ p2Zosf ;fy g]kfnL ;j{xf/f ju{sf] uf}/jzfnL cu|b:tf g]=s=kf= -dfcfjfbL_ sf] g]t[Tjdf kmfu'g ! ut]af6 kxn ePsf] P]ltxfl;s dxfg\ hgo'4n] g} ;a} vfn] pTkLl8t / blnt ;d'bfosf] d'lQm x'g] s'/f ;'lglZrt 5 . t;y{ nfvf}+–nfv pTkLl8t hg;d'bfosf ;fy} blnt ;d'bfo klg xhf/f}+sf] ;+Vofdf ;xefuL eP/ cx\d e"ldsf k"/f ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . hgo'4sf ;a} df]rf{df blnt ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf ePsf] 5 jf clgjfo{ x'g' kb{5 . hgo'4n] ;Dk"0f{ pTkLl8t hgtfsf] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] 5 . h;sf sf/0f * jif{sf] 5f]6} cjlwdf hgo'4n] k'/fgf] k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;Qfdfly Pskl5 csf]{ ljho k|fKt ub}{ cufl8 al9/x]sf]5 . hgo'4 dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] j}1flgs gLlt ljrf/sf] cfwf/df cufl8 a9]sf] x'gfn] k|ltlqmofjfbL / ;fd|fHojfbL ju{sf] lrxfg vGb} ;j{xf/f ju{nfO{ d'lQm lbnfp"g ;kmn x'g] s'/f lglZrt k|fo 5 . hgo'4sf] ljhon] pTkLl8t ;j{xf/f ju{n] d'lQm kfpg]5g\ . ;f/df eGg' kbf{ hgo'4n] g} ;Dk"0f{ pTkLl8t ju{ / blnt ;d'bfosf] efUo / eljio lgdf{0f ug]{5 .

blntx?sf] hgo'4df ;xeflutf s:tf] 5 <

    b]zdf ljutdf ePsf rfx] Tof] @))^, @)$^ sf] cfGbf]ng lsg gxf];\ cfGbf]ngdf blnt ;xeflutf x'"b} cfPsf 5g\ . hgo'4sf] kxn ePb]lv o;n] dfq} ;a} pTkLl8t hft, hflt / blnt ;d'bfosf] efUo / eljio lgdf{0f ug]{ ljZjf;sf ;fy blntx? cxd e"ldsf k'/f ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . hgo'4sf x/]s df]rf{x?df xhf/f}+ blntx?sf] w]/} 7"nf] ;xeflutf ePsf] 5 . hgo'4sf] ljho;"u–;"u} oL k|lqmof a9\b} hfg]5 . blnt ;d'bfon] uf}/j ug'{ k5{ lsg eg] hgo'4sf]  k|yd zxLb x'g] ;f}efUo ;aeGbf pTkLl8t blnt ;d'bfos} lbnaxfb'/ /Dt]nn] g} kfKt ug'{ ePsf] 5 . hgo'4s} qmddf blnt df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo dxf;lrj k|]d a/fOnL, k"j{ s]Gb|Lo sf]iffWoIf lrq lj=s= s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf z+s/ bnf{dL, s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? Psxfb'/ lj=s=, /fds'df/ lj=s=nufot ;of}+ g]tf tyf sfo{sftf{n] zxfbt k|fKt u/L ;Sg' ePsf] 5 . y;n] klg hgo'4df blntx?sf] ;xeflutf s:tf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L x'G5 .

blnt d'lQmsf] nflu cGo ;+3–;+u7gx? ;d]t lqmofzLn 5g\, tL ;+u7g / tkfO{"x?sf] aLr km/s s] 5 <

    xf], blnt d'lQmsf] gfddf em08} Ps bh{g hlt cGo ;+3–;+u7gx? 5g\ . t/ tL ;+3;+u7gx? blnt d'lQmsf nflu Tolt lqmofzLn eg] 5}gg\ . ;xL gLlt / ljrf/af6 lgb]{lzt eGbf cf–cfºgf lglxt :jfy{sf sf/0f …3'Db} lkmb} ?Dhf6f/Úeg]  em}+ ;'wf/jfbL, oyfl:yltjfbL tyf Pg=hL=cf]= / cfO=Pg= lh=cf]= -8n/sf] v]tL ug]{_ d'vL l;ldt cfGbf]ngsf] uf]nrSs/jfbdf km;L k|ltlqmofjfbL /fhg}lts kf6L{sf ef]6 a}+s aGg] / …h'7f]k'/f]Ú df dGqL x'g] cfzn] blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ lbzfljxLg kfg{] l;jfo c? s]xL u/]sf 5}gg . cGo ;+u7gx? clxn] lqmofzLn xf]Og cl:tTj ljxLg cj:yfdf 56k6fO/x]sf] l:ylt 5 . cGo ;+u7gx?sf] %÷& hgfsf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt afx]s lhNnf, ufp" txdf ;+ul7t ePsf 5}gg\ . )%% kmfu'gdf d'lQm ;dfhaf6 ljb|f]x u/L :yfkgf ePsf] blnt d'lQm df]rf{ 5f]6} ;dodf cfd blnt ;d'bfosf] aLrdf nf]slk|o qmflGtsf/L ;+u7g / blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] d"nk|jfxsf ?kdf :yflkt ePsf] 5 . ;xL gLlt, ljrf/ / of]hgfljxLg /x]/ lglxt JolQmut :jfy{sf nflu u7g ul/Psf ;+3–;+u7g / dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kysf] j}1flgs gLlt, ljrf/ / j:t'jfbL of]hgf ;lxt blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ng;"u Psfsf/ u/L ju{;"3if{df ;xefuL ePsf xfdLx?sf aLrdf t'ngf g} x'g ;Sb}g . cGo ;+u7gx? / xfd|f aLrdf k"/} cfsfz / hldgsf] km/s 5 .

xfn b]zsf ljleGg efux?df :yflkt x'"b} uPsf gof" ;Qfx?df blnt ;d'bfosf] pkl:yltnfO{ ;'lglZrt u/fOPsf] 5 ls 5}g <

    xfdL ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5, hgo'4sf] Pskl5 csf]{ u'0ffTds 5nfª\do 9+un] k'/fgf] ;Qfdfly ljho k|fKt ub}{ uPsf] 5 . o; qmddf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;b/d'sfd / /fhwfgL afx]ssf ;a} 7fp"x?df g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ n] k|ltlqmofjfbL k'/fgf] ;Qf lj36g ub}{ clwsf+z 7fp"x?df gof" ;Qf lgdf{0f u/]kl5 cfd zf]lift, pTkLl8t ;j{xf/f ju{ ljleGg pTkLl8t hft–hflt g} gof" ;Qfsf dflns alg;s]sf 5g\ . blnt ;d'bfosf] xsdf eGg] xf] eg], ljz]if clwsf/ ;lxt :yfgLo ;Qfb]lv s]Gb|Lo ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb\;Dd pNn]Vo pkl:yt u/fOPsf] 5 . xfn;fn} 3f]if0ff ePsf hftLo tyf If]qLo :jfoQ k|b]z hg;/sf/x?df klg blnt ;d'bfosf] 7"nf] pkl:ylt ePsf] 5 . gof" ;Qf rn]sf 7fp"x?df blnt ;d'bfox?df blnt ;d'bfon] ;flRrs} d'lQm kfPsf] cg"e"lt u/]sf 5g\ .

oL gof" ;Qfn] blntx?sf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu Wofg lbPsf 5g\ <

    gof" ;Qfdf blntx?sf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu Wofg lbg] dfq} s'/f xf]Og, blnt ;d'bfosf] d'lQmsf] ;'lglZrt aGb} uPsf] s'/f Jofjxfl/s ?kdf g} k'li6 x'"b} uPsf] 5 . gof" ;Qf rn]sf 7fp"x?df blntx?dfly x'g] u/]sf hftLo e]befj / cfdfgjLo 5'jf5't k|yf, zf]if0f, pTkL8g &% k|ltzt xl6;s]sf] l:ylt 5 . k'/fgf] rng, /Lltl/jfh / ?9LjfbL unt ;":s'lt gi6 x'"b} gof" j}1flgs hgjfbL ;":s[lt tyf gof" ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ qmdsf] z'?jft ePsf] 5 . 5'jf5't d'Qm If]q, gd'gf ufp"x? 3f]if0ff ePsf 5g\ . t;y{ gof" ;Qfn] blnt ;d'bfosf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu cxd e"ldsf k'/f u/]sf] k|i6 x'G5 .

k'/fgf] ;Qf /x"bf / gof" ;Qf :yfkgf eP kZrft\ blntsf xs lxtsf ;jfndf To:tf] s] km/s l:ylt kfpg' x'G5 <

    d}n] cl3 g} klg egL xfn]+, slyt lxGb' pRr hftLo cx+sf/jfbL ;fdGtL a|fxd0fjfbL k'/fgf] ;Qfsf sf/0f blntsf xs lxtsf] s'/f t k/} hfcf];\, df}lns clwsf/ ;d]taf6 jlGrt u/]sf] 5 . k'/fgf] ;Qfdf blntdfly ;+ljwfg / sfg'gsf] km/s–km/s lgod / b08 ;hfo ul/GYof] . t/ clxn] gof" ;Qf lgdf{0f ePsf 7fp"x?df ;a} gful/sn] ;dfg xs lxt / clwsf/sf] cg'e"lt ug{ kfPsf 5g\ . hftLo e]befj / cdfgjLo 5'jf5't k|yf k"0f{ ?kdf x6]sf] 5 . k'/fgf] ;Qfn] s]xL bnfn / jkmfbf/ gf]s/ afx]s blntx?nfO{ ;Qfdf ;xefuL u/fPsf] 5}g . ztfJbLof}+ b]lv k'/fgf] ;Qfn] blnt ;d'bfonfO{ pTkL8g u/]sf sf/0f gof" ;Qfn] ljz]if clwsf/ ;lxt clgjfo{ ;Qfdf ;xefuL u/fpg] gLlt agfPsf] 5 . km/s l:ylt s} s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] blnt ;d'bfosf nflu k'/fgf] ;Qf clezfk / 3fts l;4 ePsf] k|dfl0ft x'G5 . gof" ;Qf :yfkgf ePkZrft\ xs lxt dfq} xf]Og, blnt ;d'bfosf] nflu efUo / eljio lgdf{0f x'g] ;'lglZrt ePsf] 5 .

blnt df]rf{sf cfufdL sfo{qmd s] s:tf 5g\ <

    lglZrt} ?kdf blnt df]rf{sf sfo{qmdx? xfn u'0ffTds 5nfª\ xfGb} ljhosf] lzv/lt/ cufl8 al9/x]sf] ju{;+3if{ / jt{dfg b]zsf] gof" kl/l:yltsf] ;fk]Iftfdf /fHo;Qfsf] k|ZgnfO{, blntd'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf hf]8\g] / 7f]; kl/l:yltsf] 7f]; ljin]if0f ;lxt d'VotM ju{;+3if{nfO{ g} hf]8 lbg] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd 5 . ljutdf klg oxL gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf ;fy blnt df]rf{ cufl8 a9\b} cfPsf] s'/f k|i6 lyof] . Tolt dfq} xf]Og, cfd ;+u7g lj:tf/ / ;'b[9Ls/0f ub}{ dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kynfO{ ;}4flGts cfwf/ dfGb} ;+o'Qm sfo{qmd / gof" cfwf/df gof" Pstfsf ;fy cufl8 a9\g] cfufdL sfo{qmd /xg] 5 . clxn] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbLsf] k|ToIf lgb]{zgdf ;~rflnt ;}lgs clwgfosjfbL k'/fgf] ;Qfn] b]zJofkL ?kdf xTof, lx+;f, bdg, anfTsf/, a]kQf / lu/ºtf/ u/L blnt df]rf{sf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{ / cGo hg;d'bfosf] xTof u/]sf] 5 . To;sf] lj?4df blnt df]rf{n] cfufdL lbgdf yk sfo{qmd ;lxt b]zJofkL ?kdf z;Qm cfGbf]ngdf plqg]5 .

tkfO" blnt d'lQm df]rf{sf] s]Gb|Lo ;lrjsf ;fy} k"jf{~rn If]qLo ;+of]hs ;ldltsf] ;+of]hs klg x'g'x'G5, k"j{df clxn] blnt cfGbf]ngsf] cj:yf / cfGbf]ngdf ;xeflutf s:tf] 5 <

    cfGbf]ngsf] ;du| cj:yfsf] af/]df eGg' kbf{ hgo'4sf] s]Gb| ljGb' klZrd g} ePsfn] blnt cfGbf]ngsf] s]Gb| ljGb' klg klZrd g} x'g] s'/f lglZrt 5 . oBlk k"j{sf] blnt cfGbf]ng klg ;du|df x]bf{v]l/ ;"u–;"u} cufl8 al9/x]sf] / 3gLe"t g} 5 eGg] nfU5 . slyt lxGb' pRr hftLo cx+sf/jfbL ;fdGtL k|ltlqmofjfbL k'/fgf] /fHo;Qfn] nfb]sf] hftLo e]befj / cdfgjLo 5'jf5't k|yfsf] gsf/fTds c;/ k"j{df Hofb} k/]sf] 5 . t;y{ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] lj?4df cfd blnt ;d'bfo cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf 5g\ . k|r08kysf] j}rfl/s cfnf]sdf /x]/ blnt cfGbf]ngnfO{ juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ng;"u hf]8\b} ju{;+3if{df ;xefuL eO{ tLj| ?kdf cufl8 a9]sf] cj:yf 5 . cGo ;+3–;+u7gx?sf sfo{stf{x? klg blnt df]rf{df ;+ul7t x'"b} blnt cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL x'g] qmd a9b} uPsf] 5 . ;du|df eGg' kbf{ k"j{sf ax';+Vos blntx? blnt d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL ePsf 5g\ . of] qmd a9\b} uPsf] 5 .

cGtdf yk s]xL eGg rfxg' x'G5 <

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