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jif{ !# c+s !(, r}q @$, @)^) Year 13, Issue 19,April 6, 2004 |
dfcf]jfbLåf/f
kf"r bnsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;dy{g
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf cWoIf s= k|r08n] oxL r}q @) ut] Ps jQmJo hf/L ub}{ kf"r ;+;bLo bnåf/f hf/L cfGbf]ngsf] ;dy{g ug'{ ePsf] 5 . jQmJosf] k"0f{ kf"7 o;k|sf/ 5–…;fdGtL k|ltudgsf lj?å cfGbf]ng/t kf"r /fhg}lts bnx?n] jftf{sf nflu u/]sf] cfu|x Pj+ cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;zQm kfg]{ b[9tfnfO{ ;sf/fTds uDeL/tfsf ;fy lnb}+ xfd|f] kf6L{ To;sf] ;dy{g ub{5 . @!cf}+ ztfAbLdf ;d]t g]kfnL hgtfdfly !*cf}+ ztfAbLsf] lg/+s'ztGq yf]kg{ b'Zzfx; ug]{ ;fdGtL b/af/Lofx?sf lj?4 cGo dte]bx?nfO{ kG5fP/ b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ hgkIfLo zlQmx? lg0ff{os ;+3if{df Psh'6 x'g' Oltxf;sf] HjnGt cfjZostf xf] eGg] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] :ki6 dt /x"b} cfPsf] 5 . hgtfsf] cfGbf]ng s]xL cufl8 hfg] ljlQs} ;+emf}tf / ;f"7uf"7sf] if8oGq u/]/ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ b;sf}+b]lv wf]vf lb+b} cfPsf] ;fdGtL b/af/sf lj?å ;+emf}tfxLg u0ftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] cfjZostfdf xfd|f] hf]8 /x]sf] s'/f klg :ki6 g} 5 . b]zdf ljBdfg ;+s6sf] ;dfwfg k5fl8 kms]{/ xf]Og cufl8 a9]/dfq ug{ ;lsg] oyfy{nfO{ ulx/f];"u cfTd;ft ug'{n] b]z / hgtfsf] d'lQm / /Iffsf lgldQ dxTjk"0f{ cy{ /fVg]5 .
Oltxf;sf] of] ;+j]bgzLn / ;+qmd0fsfnLg 38Ldf hgtfsf] kIfdf sfd
ug]{ xfdL ;a} /fhg}lts zlQmx?n] ljutdf cfkm"af6 eP, u/]sf sdL–sdhf]/Lx?sf]
;dLIff ub}{ ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ k|oTg ug'{ klg plQs} cfjZos 5 .
of] k|ls|of cufl8 a9fpg] kf"r /fhg}lts bnnufot cGo ;a}sf] kxn / k|oTgnfO{
xfd|f] kf6L{ :jfut, ;xof]u / ;dy{g ug]{5 . ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f agfpg]
k|lqmof hlt u+eL/tf / tLj|tfsf ;fy cufl8 a9\g]5 TolQ g} tLj|tfsf ;fy Ps csf{sf
aLrdf obfsbf b]lvg] s6'tf / cjfl~5t 36gfx?sf] klg cGt x'g] 5 .
xfd|f] kf6L{, g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ jf:tljs cy{df ;fj{ef}d t'Nofpg]
Pjd\ ax'bnLo /fhg}lts k|lt:kwf{nfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ cfwf/e"t s'/fsf lgldQ e/kbf]{
dWo:ytf;lxt zflGtjftf{ ug{ xd];f tof/ /x]sf] s'/f s;}af6 l5k]sf] 5}g . t/,
b]z / hgtfsf] /ut–kl;gfdf xf]nL v]Nb} cfPsf] ;fdGtL b/af/ / p;sf e/f}6]x?
zflGtjftf{ dfkm{t\ hgtfnfO{ cu|ufdL lgsf; lbg] kIfdf g/x]sf] tYo k6s–k6s
k|dfl0ft eO/x]sf] 5 . of] l:yltdf hg;d'bfosf] kmf}hL / u}X kmf}hL
;+3if{nfO{ lg0ff{os ?kdf a9fpg'sf] csf]{ ljsNk g/x]sf] s'/f g} :ki6 x'G5 .
ctM xfd|f] kf6L{n] s'Voft b/af/ xTosf08sf] s]xL ;dob]lv g} b]zsf ;a} /fhg}lts
bnx?;+u ;+jfb, ;dembf/L / ;xsfo{sf lgldQ hf]8 lb+b} cfPsf] 5 . clxn]
kf"r /fhg}lts bnnufot ljleGg hg–kIfLo zlQmx?;d]tsf] cfu|x / cfGbf]ngsf]
cfjZostfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L xfd|f] kf6L{n] cem gof" p"rfOaf6 jftf{sf]
k|ls|ofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . b]zsf] cfhsf] ljlzi6 If0fdf
xfd|f] kf6L{ / o;sf] g]t[Tjdf cl3 al9/x]sf] dxfg\ hgo'4sf lj?å ;fdGtL b/af/ /
p;sf n7}tx?sf lgldQ ;'/fsLsf] e"ldsf v]Ngaf6 /fhg}lts bnsf s'g} klg
sfo{stf{nfO{ g]t[Tjn] /f]Sg] 5 eGg] ck]Iff ub}{ xfdLn] cfkm\gf] l;+uf] kf6L{
k+lQm / tdfd qmflGtsf/L of]4fx?;"u cfGbf]ng/t /fhg}lts bnsf s'g} klg g]tf,
sfo{stf{dfly ef}lts sfo{jfxLnfO{ cem b[9tfk"j{s /f]Sg o;} jQmJodfkm{t\
lgb]{zg u/]sf 5f}+ . ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGqnfO{ k5fg'{ olta]nf ;a} ;Rrf b]zeQm
/ ;Rrf k|hftGqjfbLsf] P]ltxfl;s st{Jo ePsf] s'/fnfO{ cfTd;ft ug{ xfdL ;DalGwt
;a};"u xflb{s ckLn ub{5f}+ .Ú
wg'iffdf
Ok|sf sAhf
sf7df8f}+÷ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf hg;]gfn] oxL r}q @@ ut] ;f"em
wg'iffsf] ob's'jfl:yt Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no k"0f{?kdf sAhf u/]sf
5g\ . pQm eL8Gtdf k|x/L lg/LIfs
uDeL/h+u rGb;lxt ( k|x/Lsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] ^ ;Vt 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . ;f]
rf}sLaf6 hgof]4fx?n] rf}sLdf /x]sf y|Lg6 y|L /fOkmn @$ yfg, To;sf] uf]nL P3f/
;o yfg, DofUgd /fOkmn % yfg, To;sf] uf]nL (^ kL;, ;6ug Ps yfg, dfph/ k]itf]n @
yfg, To;sf] uf]nL ( kL;, l;S;/ Ps, uf]nL % kL;, #^ xfo08 u|Lg]6 ^ yfg, s§f !
yfg;lxtsf ;a} o'4 ;fdu|L / ;~rf/ ;]6 sAhf u/]sf 5g\ . eL8Gtsf] qmddf
hgd'lQm ;]gftkm{ % hgof]4fsf] zxfbt ePsf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
o;}aLr dfcf]jfbLsf kLjLPd Pj+ k"jf{~rn If]qLo Jo"/f]
OGrfh{ s=s~rgn] Ps jQmJo hf/L ub}{ kf6L{sf k"jL{ sdfg OGrfh{ s=ls/0fsf]
lu/Îtf/Lsf] lj/f]w Pj+ r}q @$–@^ ;Ddsf] g]kfn jGb tyf kf"r bnsf]
cfGbf]ngsf] ;dy{gdf pQm sf/jfxL ul/Psf] hgfpg' ePsf] 5 . pxf"n] pQm
sf/jfxLnfO{ ax'cfoflds dxTjsf] ;kmn sf/jfxLsf] ;+1f lbb}+ sf/jfxLdf zxfbt k|fKt
ug]{ of]4fx?df pRr ;Ddfg;lxt >4f~hnL tyf sf/jfxLdf ;+nUg hgd'lQm ;]gfsf of]4f;lxt
;a}df xflb{s wGojfb JoQm ug'{ ePsf] 5 .
sf7df08f}÷hgd'lQm ;]gfsf of]4fn] oxL r}q @# ut]
sfe|]sf] kftn]v]tdf PDj'; ljikmf]6 u/fpbf tLg zfxL ;]gfsf] d[To' x'gfsf ;fy}
& 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . To:t} oxL r}q !* ut] /fd]5fksf] ufNjfdf hg;]gfn] yfk]sf]
ljB'tLo w/fkdf kl/ rf/ zfxL ;]gfsf] 36gf:yndf g} d[To' x'g k'u]sf] 5 eg] cGo bz
hgf 3fOt] x'[g k'u]sf 5g\ .
hgo'4
jlnbfg ;+3 af"s]sf] e]nf ;DkGg
af"s]÷ dxfg\ hgo'4df zxfbt k|fKt ug]{ of]4fx?sf kl/jf/hgx?,
c+ue+u of]4fx? / a]kQf agfOPsf of]4fx?sf cfkmGthgsf] ;+ud æhgo'4 alnbfg ;+3Æ
af"s] lhNnfsf] k|yd e]nf kmfu'g @!
/ @@ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
gof" /fhg}lts cfjZostfg';f/ bfª, ;Nofg, ;'v]{t, af"s] /
alb{ofsf] ef}uf]lns ;dfof]hg dfkm{t lgdf{0f of] lhNnfsf] æhgo'4 alnbfg ;+3Æsf]
k|yd lhNnf e]nfn] ;lxb s=s0ff{nL -nfn'k|;fb rf}w/L_sL >LdtL /fh' /f]sfofsf]
cWoIftfdf !# ;b:oLo lhNnf sfo{;ldlt lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . cGo ;b:ox?df qmdzM
;lxb lji0f'sL hLjg ;+uLgL OGb|fs'df/L e§/fO{, ;lxb r+8fnsL hLjg ;+lugL 6Lsf
vqL, ;lxb ;'jf?sL hLjg ;+uLgL jfnL 8L;L, ;lxb /fhgsL cfdf kfgl;+ k'g, ;lxb
5x/fsL cfdf uf}/L k'g, ;lxb ;'zLnsf a'jf 8Da/ zfxL, ;lxb ;Gb]zsf a'jf lrqaxfb'/
e08f/L, ;lxb kljqfsf a'jf lj/axfb'/ jnL, ;lxb lbg]zsf a'jf sflz/fd yf?, ;lxb
;LdfsL cfdf h};?jf jnL, ahf? yf?, c3f{vfrL df]rf{sf 3fOt] ePsf s= l;h{g /xg'
ePsf] 5 .
hgo'4 jlnbfg ;+3sf] lgdf{0fn] ;a} ;lxb kl/jf/x? v'zL 5g\ .
of] ;+3n] ;lxb kl/jf/, 3fOt] of]4f ;a}sf] ;d:ofx?sf] PsLs[t ;+ul7t 9+un] xn
ug]{ ;a}sf] ljZjf; 5 . ;a} ;lxb kl/jf/x?sf] ju{b'Zdg k|lt tLa| 3[0ff
5 . qmflGtdf ;dflxt of]4fx? gb]Vbf PSnf] ePsf] / qmflGtsf/L of]4f hgd'lQm
;]gfnfO{ e]6\bf cfkm\g} ;Gtfg e]6fPsf], ;'/lIft ePsf] ;lxb kl/jf/x?sf]
cg'e"lt 5 . hgo'4 alnbfg ;+3sf] sfo{qmdsf] lglDt af6f]df lx8\bf
lx8\b} ef]hk'/ sfjf{xLsf] ;kmntf ;'g]kl5 ;a} ;lxb kl/jf/n] 5fkfdf/nfO{ wGojfb
lbP / Ps kmf"sf] xf;] . ;lxb ljgLtfsL cfdf dGw' e§/fO{n] t o;f] klg
eGg r'lsgg\–æ5f]/fx?n] dnfO{ b'i6sf] tftf] /ut NofOlbg' k¥of] . d lkP/
dg{ rfxfG5' .Æ
hgo'4 jlnbfg ;+3 af"s]sf] k|yd e]nfsf] ;efkltTj ;lxb
s0ff{nLsL hLjg ;+lugL /fh' /f]sfof / k|d'v cfltYo ;lxb OGb|nfn cfrfo{ / dldtf
cfrfo{sf efO cf/aLPd= alh/n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . cGo cltlydf lhNnf g+=* sf
8L;LP; slj/, rf}yf] la=Pg=sf ;GWof, sdn, d08n / /jLGb|, hg;f":s[lts ;+3sf
/fhaxfb'/ s'"j/, clvn -qmflGtsf/L_sf v]d k|;fb uf}td, g]kfn blnt d'lQm
df]rf{sf nfnaxfb'/ lj=s=, du/ft d'lQm df]rf{sf lxtaxfb'/ yfkf du/, jfO{=l;=Pn=
sf plbt x'g'x'GYof] . ;lxbx?k|lt df}gwf/0f u/]kl5 k|yd e]nf cf}krfl/s ?kn]
z'?jft eof] . sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g k|d'v cltly alh/n] ug'{ eof] .
sfo{qmddf ;lxb ljgf]bsL lbbL, ;'lbksf] alxgL d~h' /f]sfofn] :jfut
ug'{eof] . sfo{qmddf ;lxbsf kmf]6fx?, dxfg\ u'? dfS;{, P+u]N;, n]lgg,
:6fnLg / dfcf]sf ;fy} g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf ;'lk|d sdf08/ k|r08sf] sf]6]zgx?,
em08fx?n] xn ;lh;hfj6 lyof] .
;nf{xL–dxf]Q/Ldf cleofg ;DkGg
;nf{xL÷oxL r}q
@ ut] ;nf{xLsf] rGb|gu/ ufh;df ljzfn hg;efsf] cfof]hgf u/L lhNnfdf ;~rflnt
…k'ik hgk|lt/f]w cleofgÚsf] ;dfkg ul/of] .
xhf/f}+
hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf ;DkGg ;f] ;dfkg sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ dfcf]jfbLsf If]qLo
Jo'/f] ;b:o Pj+ ;nf{xL lhNnf OGrfh{ s= nf]rgn] eGg'eof]–ækmf;LjfbL ;}Go ;Qf
cfºgf] cGTosf] clGtd cj:yfdf k'u]sf] 5 . cj ufp"–ufp" / j:tLaf6
hgtfx? p7]/ To;nfO{ d;fg3f6df k'¥ofpg' k5{ .Æ pxf"n] bf]/Daf
xTofsf08df zxfbt k|fKt ug]{ dxfg\ ;lxb afa'/fd nfdf -s=k'ik_ ;lxtsf ;lxbx?k|lt
;Ddfg ck{0f ug{ s=k'iksf] gfddf ;~rflnt k'ik hgk|lt/f]w cleofg cToGt}
pknlJwd"ns /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf dfcf]jfbLsf If]qLo Jo'/f]
;b:o Pj+ ;nf{xL lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=lzlj/n] k'ik hgk|lt/f]w cleofgsf qmddf
;fdGtjfbsf lj?4 t/fO{sf hgtfx?n] 7"n–7"nf ;+3if{ ug'{sf ;fy} hldGbf/sf
hUuf sJhf u/]sf] / ;+u7g lj:tf/ ;d]t tLa| /x]sf] atfp"b} cfkm"x?n]
qmfltGsf/L e"ld;'wf/ nfu' ug]{ atfpg' eof] . lhNnf hg;/sf/ pk–k|d'v
hfu]Zj/ /fd ofbjn] :jfut efif0f ug'{ ePsf] pQm sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj @ g+ Pl/of
;]qm]6/L dlgifn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . To:t} sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng # g+ Pl/of
;]qm]6/L afbnn] ug'{eof] . sfo{qmddf $ g+ Pl/of ;]qm]6/L ch'{g ;lxt ljleGg
aStfx?n] af]Ng' ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L oxL
r}q ! ut] dxf]Q/L lhNnfsf] l;tk'/u+uf ufh;sf] hgtf k|fljsf] k|f"u0fdf
;of}+ hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf lhNnf :tl/o k'ik hgk|lt/f]w cleofg sfo{qmd ;DkGg
eof] . pQm ;dfkg ;df/f]x # g+ Pl/of ;]qm]6/L s=pHHjnsf] ;efkltTj % g+
Pl/of ;]qm]6/L s=;'lbksf] ;~rfng, If]=Jo'/f] ;b:o tyf dxf]Q/L lhNnf OGrfh{
s=nf]rgsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
;f] ;dfkg
;df/f]xnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ s= nf]rgn] b]zsf] jt{dfg kl/l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f ub]{
kf6L{sf] lgb]{zgdf ;~rfng ePsf] dxfg\ hgo'4 ljhosf] lzv/lt/ uO/x]sf] atfpg'
eof] . æk'ik hgk|lt/f]w cleofgÆaf6 dxf]Q/Ldf klg ;Ifd sfo{stf{ / ljj]szLn
g]tfx? pTkfbg ug]{ cfwf/ tof/ u/]sf] s'/f pxf"n] atfpg' eof] . ;f]
;efnfO{ dxf]Q/L lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=ls;g, hgd'lQm ;]gfsf !$ cf}+ a6flnog cGtu{t P
sDkgL sld;f/ s=;'/h cg]/f:jljo'-qmflGtsf/L_sf s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno ;b:o s=lzj/fd
ofbj, c=g]=ls=;3+-qmflGtsf/L_sf lhNnf cWoIf t]hk|;fb clwsf/L, c=g]=d=;3-qmflGtsf/L_sf
lhNnf ;b:o /ldtf ofbj, lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v lu/]Gb| ofbj nufotsf jStfx?n]
;Daf]wg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
c=g]=d=;+3-qmflGtsf/L_dxf]Q/Lsf] ;Dd]ng
dxf]Q/L÷ut
kmfu'g !# ut] c=g]=d=;+3-qmflGtsf/L_ dxf]Q/Lsf] k|yd lhNnf ;Dd]ng eJo?kdf ;DkGg
eof] . c=g]=d=;+3-qmflGtsf/L_sL lhNnf ;lrj ;'gdfof tfdfªsf] ;~rfng tyf
c=g]=d= ;+3-qmflGtsf/L_ lhNnf cWoIf s=u+uf ;':nLªsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ;Dd]ngsf]
c=g]=d=;+3-qmflGtsf/L_sL s]Gb|Lo sf]iffWoIf u+uf clwsf/Ln] pb\3f6g
ug'{eof] .
sfo{qmdnfO{
;Daf]wg ub]{ k|d'v cltly u+uf clwsf/Ln] …dlxnfsf] pRr jlnbfgsf sf/0f
ufp"b]lv lhNnf x'"b} If]qLo hg;/sf/;Dd 3f]if0ff ug{ ;kmn eO;s]sf] dfq
xf]Og s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qf sJhf ug{ ;d]t tof/ /x]sf]Ú hfgsf/L u/fpg'sf] ;fy}
clxn]sf] d'Vo sfo{ eg]sf] ;z:q ljb|f]xnfO{ ;+ul7t ug'{ xf] eGg' eof] .
pxf"n] dw]zsf dlxnfx?n] ljb|f]xdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] atfpg'
eof] . ;Dd]ngdf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ lhNnf ;]qm]6/Lo6 ;b:o tyf $ g= Pl/of
OGrfh{ s=pHHjnn] klg dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L hgd'lQm ;]gfsf]
tkm{af6 s=/SsL, kf6L{ 8L;LPd s=b]j]Gb|, If]qLo hg;f":s[lts kl/jf/sf
s=ljzfn, du/f"t d'lQm df]rf{sf lhNnf cWoIf k|]d axfb'/ /fgfdu/, dw]zL
/fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf] tkm{af6 /d]z dxtf]n] af]Ng' ePsf] lyof] .
aGb;q tLg
r/0fdf ePsf] lyof] . t]>f] aGb ;qsf] cWoIf d08ndf u+uf ;':nLª, ;'gdfof
tfdfª, d'lgof b]jL dgf]lgt x'g' ePsf] lyof] eg] cWoIf d08nn] $ ;b:o kl5 yKg]
ul/ !& hgfsf] lhNnf ;ldltsf] rog u/]sf] lyof] . h;df u+uf ;':nLª cWoIf, ;'gdfof tfdfª -;lrj_,
/dLtf ofbj pkfWoIf, vf;f{ª tfdfª sf]iffWoIf, ldg' an ;x–;lrj, ;b:ox?df ;'uLof
b]jL dx/f, OGbL/f b]jL dx/f, dgdfof lj=s= ;'idf dxtf], b]jL ;/bf/, km'ndfof
tfdfª /xg'
ePsf] 5 .
cGtdf
gj–lgjf{lrt kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ clj/ dfnf k|d'v cltlyn] nufO{ lbg' eof] eg] ;ky
u|x0f klg k|d'v cltlyaf6 u/fOPsf] lyof] . gj lgjf{lrt kbflwsf/Lx?n]
k|ltj4tf dGtJo hfx]/ ug'{eof] .
ldlnl;of e]nf tyf k|lzIf0f
g]kfnu~h÷ l9nf]u/L k|fKt
;dfrf/ cg';f/ 8f]Nkf lhNnfsf] Pl/of g+= @ cGt/ut ufOufpm" uf=h=;=df lhNnf
:t/Lo ldlnl;of e]nf ;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 . ut d+l;/ !@ ut] ;DkGg pm hg ldlnl;ofsf]
k|lzIf0f lzlj/df lhNnfsf ;a} uf=h=;=sf ldlnl;of sdf08/ / pksdf08/x?sf] ;xeflutf
lyof] . hDdf !@) hgfsf] ;f] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf] Ps ;df/f]x aLr l8=l;=P;= s=
lzv/n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
hgldlnl;ofsf lhNnf
x]8Sjf6{/ sld;f/ s= ljikmf]6sf] ;efkltTj / s= clj/fdsf] ;~rfngdf ePsf] ;f]
k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf l8=l;=P;= lzv/n] kf6L{sf] gLlt sfo{qmd tyf hgldlnl;ofsf]
cfjZostf af/] uxg k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . pkl:yt k|ltlglw tyf cltlyx?nfO{
cfof]hssf] tkm{af6 s= lIflthn] :jfut dg'{ePsf] lyof] . /fhg}lts tyf j}rfl/s
k|lzIf0fsf] ;dfKtL kl5 kf"rf} j6flnPg cGt/ut …l;Ú sDkgLsf Knf6'g le=l;= s=
czf]sn] k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ k|fjlws k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
pQm k|lzIf0f e]nfn] s= /d]zsf] sdfl08Ëdf lhNnf :tl/o
:k]zn 6Ld lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . h;df pksdf08/ s= pHhjn x'g'x'G5 eg] cGo !$ hgf
;b:o u/L hDdf !^ hgf /x]sf 5g\ . ;f] 6Ldsf] sld;f/ s= ljikmf]6 /xg' ePsf] s'/f
Toxf" l:yt xfd|f ;Djfbbftf xl/eQm a'9fn] atfPsf 5g\ .
kmfu'g @@ ut] af"s]
alb{of 7Kk
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{
-dfcf]jfbL_ ljz]if lhNnf ;+u7g ;ldlt e]=s= If]qsf] cfx\jfgdf kmfu'g @@ ut]
af"s] alb{of aGb eJo ?kdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
kmfu'g @@ ut]sf] aGb zfxL
;}lgs cft+ssf] rf}tlkm{ k|lt/f]w ug{, b]zAofkL /fHo cft+ssf] aGb ug{, kmfu'g *
ut]sf] k]8f/L xTofsf08sf] k|lt/f]w ug{ -hxf" ljz]if lhNnf ;+u7g ;ldltsf
al/i6 ;b:o cl8u, lbk]Gb| nufot & hgfnfO{ lgz:q cj:yfdf /x]sf] a]nf g[;+;
tl/sfn] df/]sf] lyof]_, jL/ ;lxbx?sf] cw'/f] ;kgf k'/f ug{, hgu0ftGq g]kfnsf]
:yfkgf ug{ cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ljz]if lhNnf ;+u7g ;ldltn] hgfPsf] 5 .
aGbsf] lbgdf g]kfnu~h /
u'nl/ofdf nufot af"s] alb{of lhNnf e/L ljBfno, snsf/vfgf, oftfoft Aofkf/
;a} 7Kk ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL lbgd} hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnåf/f dfOlgË ljikmf]6 ahf/d}
ul/Psf] lyof] .
($cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf
lbj; ;DkGg
bfË÷ c=g]d= ;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_ Pl/of g+= ^ sf] Pl/of :tl/o dlxnf lbj; ut kmfu'g @% ut] ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 . sl/a !%) hgfsf] ;+Vofdf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ($cf}+
gf/L lbj;sf] af/]df k|d'v cltly c=g]=d= ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sL nIdL rf}w/Låf/f :ki6
kfg]{ sfd ePsf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng aflnsf zdf{ / ;efkltTj c=g]=d=
;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sL ;'u/L rf}w/Ln] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
hgo'4sf] aflif{s sfo{qmd
ef]h/fh lqkf7L
alb{of±af"s]
÷hgo'4sf] aif{ uf"7sf] z'e cj;/df alb{of tyf af"s]sf ljleGg
ufp"x?df aflif{s pT;j sfo{qmd eJo Pj+ pNnf;do jftfj/0fdf dgfOPsf] 5 .
gjf}+ aif{ uf"7sf] lbg kmfu'g ! ut]sf lbg ;fj{hlgs ljbf dgfO{g'sf ;fy} 3/
3/df ;a}n] /ftf] l6sf nufpg] ld7fO{, km'n, z'esfdgf kq cfbfg k|bfg ug'{sf ;fy}
ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ;d]t ld7fO{ rSn]6x? af"l8Psf] lyof] .
3/x? lnk kf]t / rf]s
ahf/x? ;kmf ;'U3/ ug]{ sfo{x? ePsf lyP . g]kfnu~h tyf u'nl/of gu/ leqsf
afl;Gbfx?n] klg Ps cfk;df z'esfdgf cfbfg k|bfg u/]sf lyP .
To:t}u/L
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ af"s]±alb{of lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s= lszf]/n] kmfu'g % ut]
dfgjflwsf/jfbL, kqsf/x? / :yfgLo hg;d'bfox? aLr cnu, cnu lrofkfg tyf z'esfdgf
sfo{qmdsf] cof]hgf ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
kmfu'g % ut]sf] lrofkfg
;df/f]xdf ljleGg dfgjflwsf/ tyf kqsf/x?sf] ;fy} yf?jfg :jfoQ k|fb]lzs hg;/sf/
k|d'v s= /fdr/0f rf}w/L pkl:ylt x'g'ePsf] lyof] .
pQm sfo{qmddf g]kfnu~h OG;]s k|ltlglw ef]nf dxt, tyf
lj=lj=;L= ;Djfbbftf g]q s]=;L= cGo kqsf/x? ems u}/], s'df/ l;njfn, bfdf]b/
kf08]x?n] ljleGg lh1f;fx? /fVg] sfd ug"{ ePsf] lyof] eg] dfcf]jfbLsf]
tkm{af6 s= rf}w/Ln] lh1f;fx? k'0f{ ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
cf7f}+ aif{uf"7 dxfg\
rf8kj{sf] ?kdf dgfO{of]
k|rf/ x'DnL
x'Dnf -lkKnfË_÷ g]kfnL
;j{xf/f ju{sf] xslxt / clwsf/sf] nflu @)%@ ;fn kmfu'g ! ut]af6 ;+rfng ePsf]
dxfg\ hgo'4n] cf7 aif{ kf/ u/L ( aif{df k|j]z u/]sf] ;'vb pknIodf x'Dnf lhNnf
el/sf k|To]s Pl/ofdf cfd zf]lift kLl8t hgtfn] cf7f}+ aif{uf"7nfO{ dxfg\
rf8kj{sf] ?kdf dgfpg] qmddf Pl/of g+= @ sf hgtfx?n] eJotfsf ;fy
;f}xfb{k"0f{ jftfj/0fdf ljleGg cltl/Qm s[ofsnfksf ;fy ;f+:s[lts ;Ktfxf
dgfPsf 5g\ .
Pl/of ;]qm]6/L s= t/Ësf]
cWoIftf / s=k|rf/sf] ;+rfngdf df3 @* ut] pb\3fl6t cf7f}+ aif{uf"7sf k|d'v
cltly lhNnf OGrfh{ s=z'lzn / cltly s= clgn, s= ;'gfd UofNhg nfdf tyf lxdfnL
hg;f+:s[ltssf cWoIf s= pd]; nufot cGo sd/]8sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . v]nsf]
pb\3f6g k|d'v cltly z'lznn] ug'{ ePkl5 ljleGg v]ns'b z'? ePsf lyP . h;df dlxnf
tyf k'?ifsf k|lt:kwf{Tds v]n /x]sf lyP . h:t} xfOhDk, nËhDk, elnjn, ;6km'6,
b}8, hgjfbL b]p8f, xflh/L hjfkm, 8f]/L tfGg], km'sf{ v]n /x]sf lyP . pQm v]nx?
dlxnf–dlxnf / k'?if–k'?if aLr ePsf lyP . h;df cfGtl/s k+lQmdf klg Pl/of, lhNnf
/ IF]qsf] aLrdf klg k|lt:kwf{ ePsf]df nËhDk / ;6km'6 s= z'lzn k|yd x'g'ePsf]
lyof] eg] bf}8df s= clgn x'g'ePsf] lyof] / Pl/ofaf6 s=t/Ën] s'g} Pp6f :yfg
Nofpg ;Sg' ePg . Psflt/ hgtfx?n] eg] sf]xL If]q, sf]xL lhNnf, sf]xL Pl/ofsf]
kIfdf x'l6Ë ul//x]sf lyP .
kmfu'g ! ut]sf] lbg ;a}
hgk+lt / cfGt/Ls k+lQmsf];+u} d]; rnfO{ ljleGg vfg] s'/f ksfP/ hgtf / 8ANo'=6L
sfo{stf{nfO{ a;fnL klxnf lhNnf OGrfh{ s=z'zLn / Pl/of OGrfh{ s=clgnsf] xftaf6
l6sf nufO{ kl5 vfgf af"8L ;+u} a;]/ vfOPsf] lyof] . /, oltul/;s]kl5 lhNnf
OGrfh{ nufot ;Dk'0f{ sfo{stf{af6 hgjfbL b]p8f k|bz{g ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f"em
k|To]s hgtfsf 3/3/df lemnL ldnL lbkfjnL aflnPsf] lyof] ;fy} hgtfsf 3/x? lnk
kf]t 3/cfug ;/;kmfO{sf ;fy /x]sf lyP . /, lhNnf OGrfh{af6 k|To]s hgtfsf] j:tLdf
uO{ e]63f6 cGt/s[of 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] .
pb\3fl6t aif{uf"7
ljleGg cltl/Qm s[ofsnfksf ;fy kmfu'g # ut] !$)) hgtfsf] ;xeflutfdf % lbg;Dd
v]nfOPsf v]nx?sf ljhoL k'?if tyf dlxnf v]nf8Lx?nfO{ Pl/of OGrfh{ s= clgnsf]
xftaf6 k'/:sf/ tyf k|df0f kq ljt/0f ub}{ sfo{qmd ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] .
;f"lRrs} lxhf] bz} slxn] cfpnf elg klv{ a:g] hgtfx? cfh aif{uf"7
slxn] cfpnf elg af6f] klv{ a:g] ePsf 5g\ . o;kfnLsf] aif{uf"7n] t emg\
x'DnL hgtfdf Ps gof" lsl;dsf] p2]ng k}bf u/fPsf] 5 .
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ e]s
If]q cGt/ut x'Dnf lhNnfsf] Pl/of g+= @ df cf7f}+ aif{uf"7sf] ;'vb pknIodf
v]nfOPsf ljleGg k|ltof]lutfTds v]nx?sf] glthf
dlxnf ;d'x
;6{km'6 tkm{ k|yd l5tf P8L
–@@=# ldld uf=h=;, lålQo b]jL zfxL –!(=& bfd{ uf=h=;=, t[lQo l5tf zfxL
–!*=* >Ld:7f uf=h=;= .
nËhDk tkm{ k|yd nIdL
Gof}kfg] –!)=% bfd{ uf=h=;, lålQo ;f/bf rf}nfufO{ –!)=! ldld uf=h=;=, t[lQo
lugf kfn –(=( >Ldi7f uf=h=;= .
xfOhDk tkm{ k|yd dfuL
/f]sfof –#=% ldld uf=h=;=, lålQo lutf kfn –#=$ >Ldi7f uf=h=;=, t[lQo nIdL
Gof}kfg] –#=) bfd{ uf=h=;= .
bf}8tkm{ k|yd nIdL
Gof}kfg] –!)) ld6/ bfd{ uf=h=;=, lålQo uLtf kfn –!)) ld6/ >Ldi7f uf=h=;=,
t[[lQo ;f/bf rf}nfufO{ –!)) ld6/ ldld uf=h=;=
hgjfbL b]p8f tkm{ k|yd
sdnf b]jsf]6f, rf"v'/L b]jsf]6f, rfpnL b]jsf]6f, 5Ssf lj=s=, jf:dtL h};L
–$&=% bfd{ uf=h=;=, lålQo hfgLsnf P]8L, xf]OhfnL rf}nfufO{, ;f/bf
rf}nfufO{, /fdsnL a'9f, zflGt a'9f –$%=) ldld uf=h=;=, t[lQo dfofb]jL zfxL,
sf}8f zfxL, 5DsL zfxL, nIdL zfxL kz'klt zfxL –#%=) d]N5fd uf=h=;= .
8f]/L tfGg] tkm{ k|yd b]jL
zfxL, sfsL{ zfxL, wd{snf zfxL, lrdf dNn, sNkgf l;+x bfd{ uf=h=;=, lålQo l5tf
P]8L, sNkgf P]8L, wd{snf P]8L, hfnu]8L rf}+nfufO{, af"r' rf}nfufO{ ldld
uf=h=;=, t[lQo pnnL zfxL, e's{nL l;+x, af"r' lj=s=, af"r' af]xf]/f,
;'gf tfdfª >Ldi7f uf=h=;= .
k'?if ;d'x
xfOhDk tkm{ k|yd 6]saxfb'/
zfxL –$=* d]N5fd uf=h=;=, lålQo aln tfdfË –$=^ ldld uf=h=;=, t[lQo /uaxfb'/
zfxL –$=% bfd{ uf=h=;= .
nËhDk tkm{ k|yd aln tfdfË
–!$=(% ldld uf=h=;=, lålQo dfg] zfxL –!$=*% >Ldi7f uf=h=;=, t[lQo chaxfb'/
zfxL –!$=@ d]N5fd uf=h=;= .
;6{km'6 tkm{ k|yd /uaxfb'/
zfxL –#&=* bfd{ uf=h=;=, lålQo aln tfdfË –#^=@ ldld uf=h=;, t[lQo 6]saxfb'/
zfxL –##=) d]N5fd uf=h=;= .
!)) dL6/ bf}8 tkm{ k|yd
dbgaxfb'/ P]l8 ldld uf=h=;=, lålto /uaxfb'/ zfxL bfd{ uf=h=;=, t[lQo kfg] zfxL
d]N5fd uf=h=;= .
hgjfbL b]p8f tkm{ k|yd
ldld uf=h=; –$%=%, lålQo bfd{ uf=h=;= –$!=%, t[lQo >Ldi7f uf=h=;= –#&=)
.
8f]/L tfGg] tkm{ k|yd bfd{
uf=h=;=, lålQo >Ldi7f uf=h=;= / t[lQo ldld uf=h=;= .
elnjn tkm{ k|yd rdTsf/ l6d
bfd{ uf=h=;=, lålQo k':s/ l6d ldld uf=h=, t[lQo kxf8 l6d d]N5fd uf=h=; .
RofDkLog x+ifaxfb'/ P8L / cg'zfl;t bfgaxfb'/ a'9f .
xflh/L hjfkm
k|yd cUgL l6d –* >Ldi7f
uf=h=;=, lålQo hl6n l6d –& ldld uf=h=;, t[lQo kxf8 l6d –^ d]N5fd uf=h=; .
hDdf u/L k|yd ldld uf=h=;
–#! gDa/, lålQo bfd{ uf=h=;= –@( gDa/ / t[lQo >Ldi7f uf=h=; –!% gDa/ .
dlxnf lbj; dgfOof]
8f]6L÷ ;z:q hgdfr{
cleofgs} bf}/fgdf clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sf] cfof]hgfdf ($cf}+
cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf lbj; eJotfsf] ;fy dgfOPsf] 5 . >L s]bf/]Zj/ df=lj= /Ggf]nf
-yfgf_ 8f]l6sf] k|fË0fdf ;DkGg ;f] sfo{qmddf s= ;'ldqfsf] ;+rfng / c=g]=d= ;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_ c5fd lhNnf sf]iffWoIf sdnf rnfpg]sf] cWoIftf /x]sf] lyof] . ;+3s}
sfnLsf]6 lhNnf ;b:o s/tf s7fotn] :jfut dGTJo åf/f pkl:yt ;a}nfO{ :jfut ug'{
ePsf] lyof] .
pQm sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly
clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sL s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /]0f' rGbn] * dfr{sf] Oltxf;
af/] rrf{ ub}{ æca dlxnfx? dfu–kq lnP/ l;=l8=cf] sfof{no hfg] xf]Ogg\ a? s=
kr08sf] lgb]{zfg';f/ aGb's lnP/ Aof6n af6} cfkm\gf] xs k|fKt ug]{ 5f}+ Æ eGg'
eof] . ;fy} jxf"af6 ;+3åf/f cfof]lht æg]kfn aGbÆsf] cf}lrTo af/] klg k|sfz
kfg]{ sfd eof] . sfo{qmdsf csf{ jQmf ;]tL–dxfsfnL /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{ g]kfnsf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|tfk k'g du/n] ægof" ;Qfdf dlxnfx?n] k'/fgf] ;Qf h:tf]
x]nf–xf]rf] xf]Og, ;dfgtfsf] cg'e'lt ug'{ x'g]5Æ eGg' eof] . sfo{qmddf 8f]6L
lhNnf ;b:o s= sfdgfn] klg cfkm\gf] ljrf/ /fVg ePsf] lyof] . 8f]6L lhNnf ;b:o
ejL;/f a'9f du/n] 8f]6L lhNnfsf] dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf; alnbfgn] el/Psf] rrf{
ub}{ 8f]6]nL dlxnf klg o'4df p7\g' kg]{ cfx\jfg ug'{eof] .
sfo{qmddf 8f]6L lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v s= v]d ad, lj;'
;f+:s[lts sDkgL sdf08/ s= a;gL, cleofg 6f]nL -sfnLsf]6_sdf08/ k|l;4, l8=l;=Pd=
s= ;dz]/sf] klg pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] aLr aLrdf lj;' ;f+:s[lts
sDkgLaf6 cfsif{s k|:t'tLx? b]vfOPsf lyP .
wg'iffdf ls;fg cfGbf]ng tLj|
hgsk'/÷jiff}+b]lv
;fdGtL pTkL8gdf k/]sf wg'iffsf ls;fg / dhb'/x? hgd'lQm cfGbf]ng
;"u;"u} cfºg} d]xgt / kl;gfaf6 agfOPsf ;fdGtsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf hUuf
cfºg} pkl:ylt / ;xeflutfdf sJhf x'"bf xif{ljef]/ ePsf 5g\ . o;} qmddf
clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3-qmflGtsf/L_n] ;fdGt / hldGbf/sf hUuf sJhf ug]{ cfGbf]ng
tLj| kf/]sf 5g\ . wg'iffdf rln/x]sf] ls;fg cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf Jofks hgtfsf]
pkl:yltdf xhf/f}+ la3f hUuf sJhf ul/Psf] 5 .
hfgsL
dlGb/sf] dxGy /fd tk]Zj/ bf;n] cfºg} ;'v–;'ljwf / ef]u ljnf;sf] lglDt dlGb/sf]
xhf/f}+ lj3f hUuf leq–leq} j]lr/x]s} a]nf lghsf] hgsk'/ gu/kflnsf;"u
hf]l8Psf] j]+uf lzjk'/ uf=h=;=df /x]sf] %@ lj3f hUuf ut kmfu'g @) ut] ;of}+
hgtfsf] ;xeflutfdf sJhf ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L zflGtk'/ uf=h=;= j8f g=* a:g]
cd/]Gb| gf/fo0f l;+xsf] #) lj3f hUuf kmfu'g dlxgfd} clvn g]kfn ls;fg
;+3-qmflGtsf/L_sf] em08f uf8]/ sJhf ul/Psf] 5 . o;}u/L j6]Zj/ uf=h=;=sf
lktfgfy kf]v|]n / ch'{g kGtsf] sl/a Ps xhf/ lj3f hUuf nufot Toxf" /x]sf 3/
;d]t ;of}+ hg;d'bfosf] pkl:yltdf sAhf ul/of] . O6xjL vl/ofgL uf=h=;=
cGtu{t e]g]Gb| emfsf] rfln; lj3f hUuf, hgsk'/ d'h]nLof a:g] hu/gfy 7fs'/sf] #)
lj3f hUuf, ;f]xL 7fp" a:g] km'nu]g zfxsf] vl/ofgL uf=h=;=df kg]{ @%) lj3f
/ k;f{df kg]{ *) lj3f hUuf nufot srx/L ;d]t sAhf ul/Psf] 5 .
To;}u/L ;f;f{
uf=h=;= a:g] s'Voft k~rfotsfnLg dGqL x]daxfb'/ dNnsf] #)) lj3f / gfd'b ;'bvf]/
hub]j zfxsf] gfddf /x]sf] wg'iff lhNnfsf] hUuf sAhf ul/Psf] 5 . hUufsf]
ljt/0f j}1flgs lsl;dn] ug]{ s'/f klg wg'iff lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v lji0f'b]j ofbjn]
atfpg' eof] . o;}aLr wg'iffdf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{sf] ;'/fsL u/L xTof u/fpg]
tyf 8s}tLdf ;+nUg c?0f kf;jfgnfO{ xfn} ;kmfof ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} k"j{
klZrd /fhdfu{sf] 9Ns]jf/ rf}sdf agfOPsf] /fhf dx]Gb|sf] ;flnsdf ut kmfu'g @$
ut] ;]jf]6]h u/L Wj:t agfOPsf] 5 . To:t} hgsk'/ gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] kz'
tflnd s]Gb|sf] b'Otn] ejg ;]jf]6]h u/L k"0f{?kdf Wj:t ul/Psf] 5 eg] kmfu'g
@% ut]sf] g]kfn aGbsf] qmddf hogu/ /]Nj] OGhLgdf ;]jf]6]h ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
;fdGt–hldGbf/sf hUuf sJhf
;nf{xL÷ ut
kmfu'g @$ ut] ;nf{xL lhNnfsf] OZj/k'/ uf=h=;=sf] jonjf; ahf/df a;f]jf; ub}{
cfPsf s'Voft ;fdGt zDe'k|;fb d}gfnLsf] 3/ / !@% ljufxf hUuf (# cf}+ cGt/fli6«o
>lds dlxnf lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/]/ c=g]=d=;+3-qmflGtsf/L_ n] sJhf u/]sf] s'/f
;+u7gsL s]Gb|Lo sf]iffWoIf u+uf clwsf/Ln] hfgsf/L lbg' ePsf] 5 . gLh
;fdGt, ;'bvf]/ Jolerf/L d}gfnLn] cfºgf] HjfO{ l8=cfO{=hL=cgGt/fd e§/fO{sf]
cf8df hgtfdfly cTofrf/ ub}{ cfPsf lyP . To; k|sf/sf cTofrf/ gug{ /
hgtfnfO{ zf]if0f gug{ k6s–k6s r]tfjgL lb+bf klg s'g} ;'wf/ gu/]kl5 gLhdfly of]
sfjf{xL ul/Psf] atfOPsf] 5 . of] hgsfjf{xLaf6 klg gLhn] cfkm"nfO{
;'wf/ gu/] pRr :t/sf] sfjf{xL ul/g] atfOPsf] 5 .
;lxbx?k|lt ;Ddfg k|s6
;nf{xL÷
hgo'4sf dxfg\ ;lxbx?sf] ;Ddfgdf !$–@!
ut];Dd ul/g] ;lxb ;Ktfxsf] pb\3f6g kmfu'g !$ ut] ;nf{xLsf] ! g= Pl/ofdf ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 . k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ ;f] ;lxb ;Ktfxsf] pb\3f6g sfo{qmdsf]
;efkltTj clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sf lhNnf k|ltlglw s=kz'kltn] ug'{
ePsf] lyof] eg] ;~rfng P sDkgL cGtu{t Knf6'gsf ;xfos sdf08/ k|jLgfn] ug'{ ePsf]
lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g tyf k|d'v cltly If]qLo Jo'/f] ;b:o tyf …PÚ
sDkgL sld;f/ s= ;'/h x'g'x'GYof] .
pb\3f6g
;df/f]xdf ;Daf]wg ub}{ hgtfsf] sf"wdf ylkPsf] P]ltxfl;s lhDd]jf/L / cfd
g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfTdfdf :yflkt aGb} uPsf] u0ftGqsf]] af/]df lj:t[t rrf{ ub}{
;'/hn] ;a} pknlAwx? /ut, cf";' / xf";f]sf] aLraf6 k|fKt ePsf] atfpg'
eof] . pxf"n] ;lxbx?nfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ g;s] Oltxf;n] s;}nfO{ klg 5'6 lbg]
5}g eGb} zxLbx?sf] /utsf] hudf plePsf] gof" ljrf/, gof" ;Qf / ;]gfn]
k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ Wj+z u/L 5f8\g] atfpg' eof] . ;f]xL ;efdf af]Nb} csf{
cltly tyf lhNnf ;]qm]6/Lo6 ;b:o s=/fdrGb|n] cfd hg;d'bfo olta]nf ;lqmo?kdf
;xefuL x'g'kg]{ atfpb} ;dfhdf b]vf k/]sf] ;a} k|sf/sf unt tTjx?sf] lj?4
n8fO" hf/L /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . ;f]xL sfo{qmddf dlxnfsf] tkm{af6
lhNnf cWoIf s=;ljgf dfemL tyf lhNnf ;f":s[lts kl/jf/sf ;+of]hs lktfDa/n]
klg ;Daf]wg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L s=;fwgf, d=/f=d'=df]=sf k|ltlglw
s=kjgn] klg af]Ng' ePsf] lyof] . ;f] ;efdf ;lxbx?k|lt ! ldg]6 lz/ em'sf/P/
;Ddfg k|s6 ul/of] .
jflif{sf]T;jsf] cj;/sf ljljw sfo{qmd
l;Gw'nL÷
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] hgo'4 gjf}+ jif{df k|j]z u/]sf] pknIodf l;Gw'nLdf ljljw
sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmd ;f]xL lhNnfsf] klZrdL If]q cGtu{t
dl/0f–dxfef/t If]qsf] @ g=Pl/ofdf ljzfn hg;efsf] ;fydf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . pQm
;efdf k|d'v cltly g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ k"jf{~rn If]qLo Jo'/f] ;b:o tyf
l;Gw'nL lhNnf OGrfh{ s=ljhon] ;Daf]wg ub}{ æof] aflif{sf]T;j eg]sf] dxfg\
;j{xf/f ju{n] ;fdGt, gf]s/zfx / bnfn k'"hLkltsf lxtx?sf /Ifs k'/fgf]
/fHo;QfnfO{ Wj+z ug]{ tyf pTkLl8t ju{, hflt, If]q / ln¨sf hgtfsf] hgjfbL ;Qf
lgdf{0f ug]{ :ki6 p2]Zosf ;fy cufl8 a9]sf]n] g} cfh xfdL gjf}+ jif{d} k'/fgf]
;QfnfO{ tx;–gx; agfp"b} hgtfsf] hgjfbL ;Qf :yfkgfy{ ;kmn ePsf 5f}+Æ
eGg'eof] .
;f] ;efsf cGo
cltlyx?df g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ k"jf{~rn If]qLo Jo'/f] ;b:o tyf l;Gw'nL
lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=k|zfGt, dfemL /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf t'naxfb'/
dfemL, bg'jf/ /f=d'=df]=sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf jt{dfg bg'jf/ /fO{, tfdfª :jfoQ
k|fb]lzs hgkl/;b\sf d'Vo ;lrj ;'/baxfb'/ :ofªtfg,
cg]/f:jljo"-qmflGtsf/L_sf lhNnf cWoIf gf/fo0fk|;fb e§/fO{, ;f":s[lts
df]rf{ lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=;GWof, ;b:o s=rGb|, hgd'lQm ;]gf tyf dlxnfsf] tkm{af6
!% cf}+ j6flnog aL sDkgL ;]S;g sdf08/ s=;~hgf, c=g]=ls=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sf
lhNnf ;lrj b]jLk|;fb km'"ofn x'g'x'GYof] . pxf"x?n] gjf}+
jflif{sf]T;jnfO{ s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qf sJhf ug]{ clGtd jif{sf] ?kdf cfd kLl8t hgtfn]
dgfPsf] atfpg' eof] . pQm ;ef g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ lhNnf ;b:o s=;Ldfgfsf]
;~rfng, cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ lhNnf ;x–;lrj lzjs'df/ uf}tdsf] :jfut efif0f /
lhNnf ;]qm]6/Lo6 ;b:o tyf @ g= Pl/of ;]qm]6/L s= ZofdsfhLsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg
ePsf] lyof] eg] z}n'ª ;f":s[lts kl/jf/ / gLd ;f":s[lts kl/jf/n]
;f":s[lts sfo{qmd k|:t't u/]sf lyP . o;}aLr lhNnfsf] k"jL{ I]fq
cGtu{t h/fof]6f/ ufh;sf] ;'gdlt vf]nfsf] k'nfdL8f"8fdf em'¶f] d'8e]8sf]
gfddf lg;:q sfo{stf{ 3/df ;]N6/ lnO{ a;]sf] a]nfdf 3]/fxfnL kmfNu'g # ut] ljxfg
tfdfª /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf g]s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ lhNnf ;b:o dg'
lbDbf]ª-s=ljxfgL_, blnt d'lQm df]rf{sf lhNnf ;b:o s]za lj=s=-s=clht_ nufot cGo
b'O{hgf u/L hDdf $ hgfnfO{ lu/ºtf/ kZrft xTof u/]sf] 5 . pQm 36gfsf] 3f]/
lgGbf ub}{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ lhNnf ;ldlt l;Gw'nLsf ;]qm]6/L s=k|zfGtåf/f
x:tfIFl/t Ps lj1lKtdf pxf"x? ;Dk"0f{nfO{ kf6L{n] dxfg\ ;lxb 3f]if0ff
u/]sf] 5 / pQm 36gfsf] abnf o'4e"ldaf6} lng] k|ltj4tf ul/Psf] 5 .
o;}aLr
hgo'4sf] jif{uf"7s} cj;/ kf/L c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ / cg]/f:jljo"
-qmflGtsf/L_n] hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ pkxf/ :j?k 6«]lsª Jofu @% j6f / h'Qf ^% hf]/ Ps
sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L lbPsf 5g\ . ;DalGwt ;+u7gsf cWoIfx? hfg'sf
ltldlN;gf / gf/fo0f e§/fO{sf cg';f/ oL ;Dk"0f{ Jofu / h'Qf cfd tNnf] ;+u7gx?n]
lbPsf] ;fy} cem cfjZostf k/]df g}lts, ef}lts ?kdf g} hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ ;xof]u
ug{ ;lsg] tNnf] ;+u7gx?sf] ;+o'Qm cfjfh 5 . ;Dk"0f{ j=h=;=x? /
hgd'lQm ;]gf;"usf] ;DaGw cem k|uf9 agfP/ n}hfg of] sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf
u/]sf] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . –s}nfz e§/fO{
hgo'4
jlnbfg ;+3 k|yd e]nf
hfh/sf]6 -df]8]n_÷dxfg\ hgo'4df cfkm\gf] hLjgnfO{ jlnbfg ug]{ cd/
;lxbx?sf kl/jf/, b'Zdgåf/f cËeË ePsf kl/jf/, 3fOt], jGbL nufot qmflGtdf
cfkm\gf] If]q, :t/ / x}l;otaf6 cf";', /ut, kl;gf, Tofu / tk:ofaf6 jlnbfg
ug]{ ;lxbx?sf] ;kgfnfO{ ;fsf/ kfg]{ Wo]osf ;fy gjul7t æhgo'4 jlnbfg ;+3Æ
df]8]nsf] k|yd P]ltxfl;s e]nf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . uf]/vfdf ;xfbt k|fKt ug'{
ePsf lbnaxfb'/nfO{ :d/0f ub}{ ut kmfNu'g !$ ut] e]nfsf] cfof]hgf ePsf]
lyof] . e]nfsf] k|f/Dedf df]8]n lhNnfdf /ut aufpg] kf6L{ ;lrjfno ;b:o s=s'Gtaxfb'/
v8\sf / >LdtL dg;/f v8\sf, kf6L{ ;lrjfno ;b:o hgsaxfb'/ zfxL, s=/jLGb| /
hfh/sf]6 lhNnfsf k|yd ;lxb s=dfgaxfb'/ /fjn / dfgaxfb'/ jnL, s=/fh]Gb|| /
s=l;l;/ nufot b]z}el/sf * xhf/ eGbf a9L ;lxbx? k|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hL
:j?k Ps ldg]6 df}gwf/0f ul/of] . sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g ?s'dsf]6 rf}sL sAhf
ubf{ ;xfbt k|fKt ug]{ ;lxb s=/fh]Gb|sf] j'jfn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf ljz]if cltly df]8]n lhNnf O~rfh{ s=hLjgn] eGg'eof]–æo;
If]qsf sl/a ^% hgf ;lxbx?sf] /utn] cfh df]8]n ;Qf lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 / o;sf] /Iff
/ ;+/If0f ug]{ bfloTj xfdL ;a}sf] sf"w cfPsf] 5 .Æ clvn g]kfn hg;f":s[lts ;+3 e]s
If]=;=;=nlntaxfb'/ l;+xn] eGg'eof]– æxf":bf xf":b} ?g] / ?"bf
?"b} xf":g] s=k|r08sf] cleJolQmnfO{ ;lxb kl/jf/ nufot ;Dk'0f{ xfdL
qmflGtsf/L ofqLx?n] Jojxfl/s ?kdf ef]Ub} cfPsf 5f}+ .Æ cltly
s=cfefifl;+xn] cfh g]kfnL e"lddf xhf/f}+ xhf/ ;lxbx?sf] /utn] k'/fgf] ;Qf
elTsg} nfu]sf] atfpg' eof] . If]qLo Ao'/f] ;b:o s=;kgfn] cfGbf]ngdf s;}sf
a'jf, s;}sf cfdf / efO alxgL u'dfPsf 5f}+ / ;f]xL abnf lng nfvf}+ pTkLl8t ju{ h'6]sf]
atfpg' eof] . e]nfsf] aLr aLrdf /dsf hgjfbL ;f":s[lts kl/jf/n]
k|:t'ltx? k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] . e]nfn] ltnsaxfb'/ /fjtsf] ;+of]hsTjdf !%
;b:oLo ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . efjL gLlt tyf sfo{qmd k|ltj]bgsf] ?kdf
sfo{qmdsf ;efklt ltns /fjtn] k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
zfxL ;]gfn] cfkm\gf] ?k b]vfof]
/fd]5fk÷zfxL ;]gfsf] Ps hTyfn] kmfu'g @& ut]
/fd]5fk lhNnfsf] u'G;L Onfsf :jf:Yo sfof{nosf nflu Nofp"b} u/]sf %) xhf/
?k}+ofeGbf a9Lsf] cf}ifwL 5]8f e~ofªdf a;af6 aflx/ lgsfnL gi6 ul/lbPsf]
5 .
bf]nvfsf]
vl/9'¨faf6 u:tLdf hf"8 /S;Ln] dflQP/ cfPsf] ;f] hTyfn] cf}ifwL kmfNg'sf
cltl/Qm af"emf]v]tsf] vf]nfdf /x]sf] ldnleq k;L Toxf" lk:gsf nflu
/flvPsf] ;Dk"0f{ wfg, ds} / sf]bf] aflx/ lgsfnL vf]nfdf aufO{ lbP/
cdfgljotfsf] lgs[i6 ?k k|bz{g u/]sf] 5 .
;lxb
kl/jf/nfO{ ;Ddfg sfo{qmd
/fd]5fk÷ kmfu'g !$–@! sf] ;lxb ;Ktfxsf] ;dfkg kmfu'g @$ ut] ^ g+= Pl/ofsf] nvgk'/ ufh;df ;DkGg
eof] . sfo{qmddf g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ sf lhNnf ;]qm]6/L dbgn] ;lxb kl/jf/nfO{
bf];Nnf cf]9fO clegGbg ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf dGtJo /fVb} ;]qm]6/L
dbgn] ;lxbx?n] b]vfPsf] af6f] cg'z/0f ug'{kg]{ atfpg' eof] .
To:f}ul/ hg;]gfsf !$ cf}+ a6flnog sld;f/ ljsf;n] /fi6« / hgtfsf]
/IFf hg;]gfn] dfq ug]{ atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;efktTj ;f] Pl/ofsL
;]qm]6/L ;'lhtfn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . To;}ul/ % g+= Pl/ofsf] a]yfgdf
cfof]lht Ps sfo{qmddf /fd]5fk lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v wfjf nfdf, clvn -qmflGtsf/L_
sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o g]q df]Qmfg, tf/fd'df]sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o gfgLafa' tdfªn] ;lxbsf
tl:j/df dfNofk{g ug'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf cltlyx?n] dGtJo ;d]t
/fVg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd ;f] Pl/ofsL ;]qm6/L ;kgfsf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf]
lyof] . ;lxb ;Ktfx s} cj;/df ^ g+= Pl/ofsf] u'G;L ufh;sf] cr{n]rf}/df dxfg
;lxb afa'/fd nfdfsf] gfdaf6 …k'ik :d[lt ;lxb rf}tf/f]Ú sf] lgdf{0f ePsf]
5 .
xhf/f}
ls;fg4f/f hUuf sJhf
slknn:t' . k'/fgf] ;Qfåf/f dgf]lgt lh=lj=;= ;efklt–;nfpb\bLg
d";ndfgsf] 3/hUuf r}q !& ut] c=g]=ls=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sf] g]t[Tjdf Ps
xhf/ hgtfsf] ;xeflutfdf sAhf u/L ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfg, lhG;L wfg sJhf u/L 3/
adåf/f Wj:t kfl/Psf] 5 . To:t} r}q !@ ut] an/fdk'/ uf=h=;= sf] kxf8L
afafsf] @* ljufxf hldg sAhf u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L cWoIf d'Ggf rf}w/L
-s'dL{_sf] 3/ hUuf sAhf ul/Psf] 5 . sAhf ul/Psf hldg, cgfh kfgL ;a} u/L
ls;fgx?nfO{ ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
To:t} hldg / 3/ sAhf ug]{ qmddf xtf};f uf=h=;= sf] el8\8xjf
lgjf;L gfd'b km6fxf k"j{ /fHodGqL bLks'df/ pkfWofosf] 3/ Pj+ !( ljufxf
hdLg sAhf ul/Psf] 5 . ptf eujfgk'/ uf=h=;= dbggu/sf /fd;]js s'dL{nfO{
hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf sfjf{xL ul/Psf] 5 . lgh s'dL{, e|i6frf/L, Jolerf/L /
u'08fubL{ ug]{ ub{Yof] . To:t} tf}lnxjf g=kf=sf] lhNnf l;+rfO sfof{no
ejgdf /x]sf @ j6f ;/sf/L uf8L -hLk_ ad xfgL Wj:t kfl/Psf] 5 . pQm uf8Lx?
;]gfn] k|of]u ul//x]sf] lyof] . r}q @$,@% / @^ ut]sf] tLglbg] aGbsf]
glhlsb} ubf{ ;+3if{sf sfo{qmd cGt/ut ks8L uf=h=;=df xTof/f] 1fg]Gb|±kf/zsf]
k'Tnf hnfpg] sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . ;f]xL sfo{qmddf DofUbL sfjf{xLsf] ;kmntfsf]
ljho pT;j klg dgfOof] . o;}u/L leNdL uf=lj=;= sf] gfd'b km6fxf uf=lj=;= ;lrj
lj/]Gb| leIfsf] 3/, hUuf dw]zL /fli6o« df]rf{sf] g]t[Tjdf s/La %)) hgfsf]
;xeflutfdf r}q !& ut] g} sAhf ul/Psf] 5 . o;}u/L k"jL{ k[tgf
x]8Sjf6/sf] sg]{n 1fg]Gb| /fodfemLsf] gjnk/f;Ll:yt @ tn] 3/ g]=s=kf=
-dfcf]jfbL_ n] r}q !& ut] g} ad ljikmf]6 u/fO{ IFlt k'/fPsf 5g\ . pQm
JolQm u2f/ s]z/h+u /fodfemLsf] cfkmGt xf] .
;lxb
kl/jf/nfO{ clegGbg
;lxb ;Ktfxsf] cj;/df df]8]nsf] nfns'~hnfdf s/La !%)) hg;d'bfosf]
;xeflutf / g]=s=kf=-dfcfjfbL_sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf k|d'v cltly s=;/nsf] pkl:yltdf
;lxb kl/jf/ clegGbg ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . df]8]nsf k|yd ;lxb dfgaxfb'/ /fjn,
dfgaxfb'/ jnL, hgsaxfb'/ zfxL, sfnLaxfb'/ a:g]t, /ltnfn /fjt, uugaxfb'/ zfxL,
s]z v8\sf, nf]tf 3tL{, s=/fh]Gb|, sdn, /]zd nufot df]8]n el/sf %) ;lxb
kl/jf/x?nfO{ s=;/nn] bf];Nnf cf]9fP/ km'ndfnf clj/ nufO{ lbg'eof] .
sfo{qmdsf cltlyx? j]kQf kfl/Psf ljBfyL{ g]tf ljkLg e08f/Lsf a'jf Ps/fh e08f/L,
cf/=la=Pd=;kgf, Pkm=Pd= /]l8of] ;Djfbbftf s=ljb|f]xL, ;xsf/Lsf s=;'lbk, snfsf/
cWoIf /fh'sf] pkl:ylt lyof] . sfo{qmddf e]=s=cleofg ;f":s[lts kl/jf/
/ /dsf ;f":s[lts kl/jf/ df]8]nn] ljleGg uLt g[To k|:t't u/]sf]
lyof] . k|d'v cltly s=;/nn] dxfg\ hgo'4df xhf/f}+ xhf/ ;lxbx?sf] /utn]
g]kfnL e'ldg} /+luPsf] 5 . pxf"x?sf] /utn] g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng
gof" prfO{df k'u]sf] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng s=d08n, ;efklt
s=hLjg, :jfut efif0f s=;ltif / ;lxb kl/jf/sf] tkm{af6 s=sljtfn] :jfut efif0f
ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf :yfgLo nf]s emf"sL klg k|:t't ul/Psf]
lyof] .
cGt/fli6«o
dlxnf lbj; dgfOof]
/fd]5fk÷hgfb]znfO{ l9nf]ul/ k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ a]yfg ufh;sf]
hf]/wf/fdf ($ cf}+ cGt/fli6«o >lds dlxnf lbj; kmfu'g @% ut] ;DkGg ePsf]
5 . sfo{qmddf % g+= ;]qm]6/L a'l4, tf/fd'df]sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o 6ns l3l;ª,
cg]d;+3 –qmflGtsf/L_ sL /fd]5fk lhNnf cWoIf kfj{tL /;fOnLn] cfÎgf] dGtJo /fVg'
ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;efklt ;Ltf tdfª / ;+rfns ;kgf x'g'x'GYof] .
g]jfM
/lfi6«o d'lQm df]rf{åf/f zxLb 3f]if0ff
g]jfM /lfi6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf kjgdfg >]i7n] xfn} Ps
jQmJo hf/L ug'{ ePsf] 5 . jQmJodf cd]]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] O;f/fdf rn]sf]
kmf;LjfbL 1fg]Gb| u'6sf] ;Qfn] b]z}el/ jj{/ tl/sfn] xTof, lx+;f, anTsf/ /
dfcf]jfbLsf] gfddf lgxTyf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf df/]/ cfÎgf] sfo/ / lgs[i7 dfgl;stf
b]vfO/x]sf] atfpb}+ df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o r]tgf/fo0f >]i7 / d]g'sf >]i7nfO{ wflbª lhNnf cfOgrf]s ufh;sf]
sfi7]df zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gf gfdsf ef8fsf s's'/x?n] cfÎgf] sAhfdf lnO{ xTof ul/
cfÎgf] c;nL ?k k|bz{g u/]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 . df]rf{n] r]tgf/fo0f >]i7 /
d]g'sf >]i7nfO{ dxfg\ ;lxb 3f]if0ff ub}{ pxf"x?sf] xTofsf] abnf lng]
k|0f;d]t u/]sf] 5 .
jQmJodf cufl8 elgPsf] 5–…o;/L ;j{;fwf/0f gful/s nufot df]rf{sf
lhDd]jf/ g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ lu/Îtf/ u/L a]kQf agfPsf]df df]rf{ 3f]/ eT;gf{
ub{5 . oxL l;nl;nfdf df]rf{sf s];; ch'{g dxh{g, eLd dxh{g, /fh]z dxh{g,
lgZrn gsdL{, ;'lrGb| >]i7, PsfO{ ;b:o ls/0f dxh{g, ;'lhGb| dxh{g, b]jaxfb'/
dxh{g, ;"o{dfg dxh{g nufotsf ;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf xfd|f ;dy{s z'elrGtsx?nfO{
a]kQf kf/L dfgjclwsf/ xggsf] l;nl;nf hf/L /fv]sf] 5 . o;/L lu/Îtf/ u/L
a]kQf kfl/Psf g]tf, sfo{stf{ / z'elrGtsx?sf] ;fj{hlgs ug{ kxn ul/lbg' x'gsf]
nflu ;Dk"0f{ /fli6«o cGt/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+3 ;+u7g, gful/s ;dfh,
kqsf/x?df xfd|f] df]rf{ xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .Ú
l;dfgf
kf/Lsf] ;dfrf/
clvn ef/t g]kfn dlxnf ;+3sL s]Gb|Lo cWoIf >LdtL /]0f' zdf{sf]
ljz]if pkl:yltdf pQ/ k|b]zsf ljleGg zx/x?df e]nf, ;Dd]ng tyf k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd
;DkGg ePsf 5g\ .
o;}qmddf ;\g @))$ sf] km/j/L @@ tfl/vdf nvgpmdf dlxnfx?sf] Ps
e]nf u/L /flwsf zdf{sf] cWoIftfdf ( ;b:oLo gu/ ;ldlt lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 .
o:t} Onfxfjfbdf klg km/j/Ls} @^ tfl/sdf ;DkGg e]nfn] b'uf{ zdf{sf] cWoIftfdf (
;b:oLo gu/ ;ldlt Onfxfjfb u7g ul/Psf] 5 . o:t} sfgk'/ gu/ ;ldltsf] klg
e]nf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . nIdL j~hf8]sf] cWoIftf / sdnf yfkf, sNkgf a~hf8],
;fljqf tfdfË, piff b]jL, d~h'b]jL, ldgf k|0f, /flwsf / ;'lgtf /x]sf] gof"
sfo{ ;ldlt k'gu{7g ul/Psf] 5 . pQm ;Dk"0f{ e]nfnfO{ s]Gb|Lo cWoIf
/]0f' zdf{n] ljljw ljifodf k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
hglzIffaf/]
rf;f], Ps lbg] cGt/lqmof ;DkGg
af"s]÷ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ e]s If]q lhNnf g+=*
sf] Pl/of g+=Pssf] cfof]hgfdf kmfu'g @$ ut] ægof" hgjfbL lzIff ;+efjgf /
r'gf}tLÆ ljifos cGt/s[of ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] Pslbg] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf
df=lj=, lg=df=lj= / k|f=lj= sf lzIfs ;fy} >f]t AolQm tyf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
lhDd]jf/ g]tfx?n] cf–cfkm\gf] /fo /fv]sf lyP . h;df g]qnfn zdf{, l8NnL/fh
e08f/L, k|sfz /f0ff, xl//fd kf}8]n, b'uf{k|;fb vgf, t]h/fh pkfWofo, l/daxfb'/
8L;L, s'zn/fh cfrfo{, s]zj a'9f, dfwj e§/fO{, odk|;fb e';fn, gGblj/ jln,
wgaxfb'/ yfkf, uf]ljGb 9sfn, ;f}uft -Pl/of OGrfh{_, alh/ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
af"s]sf OGrfh{n] af]Ng' ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf af]Nb} cltly alh/n] æb]ze/L @& j6f hgjfbL lzIffno
gd'gfsf] ?kdf ;+rfng ePsf]Æ hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . ;f] cGt/s[ofsf] ;efkltTj
Ps gDa/ Pl/of ;]qm]6/L ;+udn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmdsf] aLr aLrdf ;Ldf
hg;f+:s[lts kl/jf/n] hgjfbL uLt, ;+lut / g[To k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] .
u'7Lsf]
hdLg sAhf ul/of]
8f]Nkf÷ ;lbof}+ b]lv luk|/fsf]6 ufh;sf] ;'Gb/L eujtLsf] gfddf
/flvPsf] hdLgnfO{ c=g]=ls=;+3-qmflGtsf/L_ 8f]Nkf lhNnf ;ldltn] sAhf u/]sf]
5 . ut kmfu'g * ut]sf lbg ufh;sf ;Dk'0f{ hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf pQm hdLgnfO{
sAhf u/L ls;fg ;+3sf] ;+/If0fdf lnPsf] 3f]if0ff ;+3sf lhNnfWoIf uf]/vaxfb'/
a'9fn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
k'/fgf e'/] 6fs'/] ;fdGtx?n] lhNnfsf pAhfp e"ldnfO{
b]jL–b]jtfsf] gfddf u'7L lgdf{0f u/L ufp"sf 6f7fjf7f sxlnPsf 5f]6]
;fdGtx?n] To:tf hdLg sAhf u/L vfPsf]df To:tf hdLgnfO{ sAhf u/L u/La tyf
e"ldxLg ls;fgnfO{ ljt/0f ug]{ ;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo gLlt cg'?k sAhf ul/Psf] s'/f
cWoIf uf]/vaxfb'/ a'9fn] xfd|f ;DjfbbftfnfO{ atfpg' eof] . o;}u/L 8f]Nkf
lhNnfsf] s'Voft t:s/, dxf;fdGt Pj+ zfxL xTof/f] 1fg]Gb|sf] bnfn g/axfb'/
a'9fyf]sLsf] 3/, hdLg, wg ;DkQL, kz' rf}kfof ;a} ;DkQL lhNnf ls;fg ;+3n] sAhfdf
lnPsf] 5 . lgh g/axfb'/n] lhNnfdf hgtfsf] rsf]{ zf]if0f, hl8j'6L tyf nfu'
cf}ifwLsf] t:s/L ug]{, ;]gf k'ln; / k|zf;g;+u ldn]/ dfcf]jfbL bdg ug]{ gfddf
hgxTofdf ;+nUg x'g], ul/a hgtfnfO{ r/d zf]if0f u/L pl7jf; ;d]t nufpg], y'k|}
>LdtL /fVg] / r]nLj]6L dfly cg}lts ;DaGw /fvL cnkq kfg]{ h:tf h3Go ck/fw
u/]sfn] lghsf] ;Dk"0f{ rn crn ;DkQL sAhfdf lnPsf] s'/f hgfOPsf] 5 .
o;k|sf/sf] sf/jfxLaf6 pTkLl8t ls;fg tyf ul/jx?n] /fxtsf] dxz'; u/]sf 5g\ .
o;}u/L xfdLnfO{ k|fKt yk Ps csf]{ ;dfrf/ cg';f/ 8f]Nkfsf]
c=g]=ls=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_n] cfkm\gf] g]t[Tjdf lhNnfdf ljleGg ljsf; lgdf{0fsf
sfdx? u/]sf] 5 . ;f]xL lhNnfsf] Pl/of g+= % cGt/ut wf] uf=h=;=df nfdf
;+u7g lgdf{0f u/L ( hgfsf] ;fd'lxs nufgLdf Pp6f cf}ifwL ;+sng 6Ld lgdf{0f
ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L h'Djf ufp"df jf8{ g+= * / ( nfO{ hf]8\g] uf]/]6f]
af6f] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 .
o;}u/L ;+u7gs} kxn / g]t[Tjdf ;'pm uf=h=;=df af6f] lgdf{0f ug'{sf
;fy} Wof/uf}/fdf Pp6f v]n d}bfg lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L 8f]Nkf lhNnfsf]
ls;fg ;+u7g ljsf; lgdf{0f h:tf hg;/f]sf/sf sfddf ;s[o eP/ nfu]sf] s'/f xfd|f
;Djfbbftf xl/eQm a'9fn] hgfPsf 5g\ .