:jfoQ zf;gsf] gLltn] hj/h:tL Ps ePsf] g]kfn jf:tljs ?kd} Ps l9Ssf aGg] lglZrt 5

n]v/fh e§

klZrd g]kfnsf] 8f]6L lhNnf u8z]/f uf=h=;= :ofnsf]6Lnf ufp“df @)!^ ;fn r}qdf hGdg' ePsf n]v/fh e§ ;]tL–dxfsfnLsf rlr{t g]tf x'g'x'G5 . k|f/DeLs lzIff % sIff ;Dd ufp“sf] cWoog kl5 sIff ^ b]lv sf7df08f}sf] jg:ynL -xfn l;4fy{ ag:ynL_df egf{ eO{ (÷!) sIff lqe"jg cfbz{ df=lj= kmlk{ªaf6 P;=Pn=l;= kf; ug'{ePsf] e§ ufp“sf x'g]vfg] ls;fg kl/jf/sf 5f]/f x'g'x'GYof] .

wgL ls;fg kl/jf/df hGd]/ klg ;dfhsf] pTkL8g / zf]if0fnfO{ cGTo ug]{ ;f]rfO{sf ;fy eLdbQ kGtsf] ls;fg cfGbf]ng / ?;L ;flxToaf6 k|efljt eP/ @)#& ;fn b]lv g} pxf“ sDo'lgi6 k|lt k|efljt x'g'eof] . @)#) ;fnb]lv ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdf nfu]/ @)#^ ;fndf -/ftf] em08f_af6 sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf ;b:o k|fKt u/]kl5 pxf“ @)#^ ;fndf g]=d=ls=kf= df ;+u7Lt x'b} @)#^ ;fnd} g]=s=kf= rf}d k|j]z ug'{ eof] . aLr aLrd x'g] km'6nfO{ d"NofÍg ub}{ @)#( ;fndf tTsfnLg dzfndf ;+u7Lt x'b} nuftf/ kf6L{ sfddf nfUg' ePsf] lyof] .

@)#* ;fndf cg]/f:jljo' sf] ;ftf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ngaf6 ljBfyL{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o x'b} @)$@ ;fndf ePsf] cf7f}+ ljBfyL{ ;Dd]ngn] klg pxf“nfO{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:odf lgjf{lrt u/]sf] lyof] . To;}u/L @)#* ;fndf o'js ;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o jGg' eof] . @)$* ;fndf ul7t ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o klg jGg' eof] . )$* ;fnsf] ;+;bsf] lgjf{rgdf hgdf]rf{sf] tkm{af6 s}nfnL lhNnfsf] pDd]bjf/ x'g'ePsf e§ @)%* ;fndf u7Lt ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb g]kfnsf sGb|Lo ;b:o klg x'g'x'G5 . to;}u/L @)%* ;fnd} u7Lt ;]tL–dxfsfnL /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf] ;+of]hs x'b} @)^) ;fn df3 !# b]lv !$ ut]sf] ;Dd]ngn] pxf“nfO{ ;]d /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf] cWoIfdf lgjf{lrt u/]sf] lyof] . cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf @)$@ ;fndf ljBfyL{ s]Gb|Lo ;Dd]ngsf] 3f]if0ff ;efdf hf“bf lu/km\tf/ kl/ $ dlxgf s]Gb|Lo sf/fuf/df aGbL hLjg klg lyof] . To;}u/L @)$( ;fnsf] :yfgLo lgjf{rgsf a]nf lgjf{rg ck/fw d'2f nufO{ !% lbg lx/f;t / @ aif{;Dd tf/Lv af]Sg'ePsf] lyof] .

cfGbf]ngsf] qmdd} sd}of d'lQm cfGbf]ng, dhb'/ cfGbf]ngsf] klg g]t[Tj ul/;Sg' ePsf e§ @)%* ;fndf nufOPsf] ;+s6sfnsf] a]nf 8f]6Lsf] aIf]{0f uf=h=;= sf] 5]8fdf zfxL;]gf;+usf] Pp6f sDkgL;+u le8Gt x'bf % hgtf ;j{;fwf/0f / !% hgf cfkm\gf sfo{stf{ Ps} 7fpdf u'dfpg' k/]sf]df b'Mv JoQm ub}} Pp6f dfph/n] kmfol/ª u/L b'Zdgsf] 3]/f tf]8\g ;kmn ePsf] s'/fsfgLsf qmddf jtfpg' eof]] . pQm 36gfdf ;/sf/L kq–klqsf tyf Pdfn] lgs6sf klqsfn] n]v/fh e§sf] d[To' eg]/ em'§f ;dfrf/ ;d]t k|sfzg u/]sf lyP .

dL7f] af]nL / ;/n :jefjsf wgL e§;+u ev{/} 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] ;]tL–dxfsfnL :jfoQ k|b]zsf ;d;fdlos ljifodf xfd|f ;Djfbbftf z'e zdf{n] u/]sf] cGt/jftf{sf] ;f/ ;+I]fk k|:t't

If]qLo ;/sf/ u7g ug'{sf] nIo tyf p2]Zox? s] s] x'g\ <

g]kfnsf] PsLs/0f kZrft s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qfåf/f cfGtl/s cfklgj]lzs pTkL8g ef]Ub} cfPsf] of] If]qn] d'lQmsf nflu ;do–;dodf ;+3if{ ub}{ cfPsf] xf] . o; If]qsf cfd >dhLlj :yfgLo hgtf zf]ifs ;fdGt, s]Gb|Lo ;Qfsf ;fy} ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf] tLa| zf]if0f, pTkL8g / bdgaf6 cfqmfGt lyP . To;af6 d'Qm x'g ;xL g]t[Tjsf] vf]hLdf o; If]qsf hgtf lyP . @)%@ ;fn kmfu'g ! ut] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] g]t[Tjdf ;+rflnt hgo'4n] Tof] lgsfz / g]t[Tj k|bfg u¥of] . o;sf ;fy} g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] a}1flgs / j:t'jfbL gLlt h;n] lglZrt JolQm / ju{df cfwfl/t ;Qfåf/f ;lbof}+ b]lv ljleGg hflt, hghftL / If]qsf hgtfsf] /fli6«otfsf] pTkL8gaf6 d'Qm kfg{ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ cGt/ut :jfoQ zf;gsf] lg0f{on] ;]tL–dxfsfnL /fli6«o d'lQmdf]rf{sf] jl/k/L cfd hgtf uf]naGb x'g yfn] . dxfg\ tyf P]ltxfl;s hgo'4sf] * aif{sf bf}/fg o; If]qdf klg g]tf, sfo{stf{, hgd'lQm ;]gfsf of]4f / hgtf nufot Ps xhf/ hltsf] zxfbtn] of] If]qsf] u|fdL0f Onfsf d'Qm x'g k'Uof] . :yfgLo ?kdf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] Wj+; eO;s]sf] l:yltdf cfd hgtfn] gof“ ;Qfsf] dfu / cfjZostf ul//x]sf] / csf]{lt/ kf6L{sf] gLltnfO{ sfof{Gjog ub}{ k'/fgf] ;Qfdflysf] /fhg}lts cfqmd0f ug{ klg of] :jfoQ k|b];sf] ;/sf/ 3f]if0f ePsf] xf] . k|fb]lzs :jfoQ ;Qfsf] 3f]if0ffn] ljZjfnfO{ g} t/+lut kf/]sf] 5 eg] To;sf] sfp06/df xTof/f] 1fg]sf] s]xL lhNnf ;b/d'sfdsf cfkm\gf bnfn / p;sf] xTof/f] hTyfnfO{ pkl:yt u/fP/ ljZj hgdtnfO{ e|ldt kfg]{ sf]lz; u/]klg Tof] c;kmn ePsf] 5 . k|fb]lzs ;Qfsf] lgdf{0f ug'{sf] csf]{ p2]Zo n]lggn] eg] h:t} æ;j{xf/fsf] g]t[Tj ljgf /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ng c;Dej 5Æ To;}n] To;sf] ;'/Iff, ;+/If0f / ljsfzsf nflu s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qfdfly hgtfsf] sAhf x'g' cfjZos 5 . To;sf nflu g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] lbPsf] ljb|f]xsf] of]hgfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ hgtfnfO{ ;z:q ljb|f]xsf nflu ;+ul7t / ljb|f]xL dfgl;stfsf] r]tgf cfjZos 5 . xfd|f] k|fb]lzs :jfoQ hgkl/ifb\sf] p2]Zo / nIf eg]sf] s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qfsf af“sL /x]sf :yfgLo k|zf;lgs OsfO / s]Gb|nfO{ sAhf ug]{ kf6L{sf] gLltnfO{ Aojxf/df k"0f{tf lbg cfd hgtfnfO{ ljb|f]xsf nflu tof/ ug'{ / To;sf] g]t[Tj ug'{ xf] .

;]tL–dxfsfnLsf] P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld s:tf] /x]sf] 5 <

;]tL–dxfsfnL 8f]6L /fHosf] ?kdf ljzfn e"–efudf km}lnPsf] lyof] eg] k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] /fHo lj:tf/sf] gLltnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;Gbe{df axfb'/ zfxsf] gfojLsfndf uf]vf{nLx?sf] o; If]qdf k|j]z u/]sf] ;dodf 8f]6L /fHo y'k|} ;fgfltgf /fHox?df ljeflht lyof] eg] s'dfpm;+u nuftf/ !@ aif{ ;Ddsf] o'4 / /fHosf] :joR5frf/L Aojxf/n] e'/]6fs'/] /fHo aGgdf dbt u¥of] . t/klg uf]vf{nLx?sf] cfqmd0fnfO{ 8f]6L / c5fdn] ;+o'Qm ?kdf b'Orf]6L k/f:t u/] eg] s]xL AolQmsf] b]zb|f]xsf sf/0f kl5 uf]vf{nLx? ljhoL x'g k'u] / of] e"–efu g]kfnleq Plss/0f x'g k'Uof] . s'dfp u9jfn;Dd g]kfn lj:tf/ x'g k'Uof] . t/, uf]vf{nLx? :joR5frf/L / kmf}hL z}nLsf] zf;gsf lj?4 o; IF]qsf hgtfn] ;do ;dodf ljb|f]x ub}{ /x] / tL ljb|f]xx?nfO{ ;}Goandf bdg x'b} cfof] . h;sf] kmn:j?k !*!% lt/sf] c+u|]h;+usf] o'4df o; If]qsf clwsf+z hgtfn] ljz]if u/]/ sfnL s'dfpsf] o'4df c+u|]hx?nfO{ ;fy lbg k'u] h;sf] kl/0ffd :j?k !*!^sf] ;'uf}nL ;lGwdf g]kfnn] 7'nf] e"–efu u'dfpg k'Uof] . ;'uf}nL ;lGwkl5 klg g]kfnsf zf;sx?sf] of] If]q k|ltsf] Aojxf/ cf}klgj]lzs /x\of] . cfd g]kfnL hgtfn] rnfPsf lg/+s'z zf;gsf lj?4sf cfGbf]ngx?df o; If]qsf hgtfn] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbb} cfPsf 5g\ . ljz]if u/]/ /f0ff zf;gsf lj?4 jhfËL /fhf hok[YjL axfb'/ l;+xn] u/]sf] ljb|f]x Pj+ bz/y rGb, 8f=s]=cfO{=l;+x, ledbQ kGt nufotsf AolQmx?sf]] cfGbf]ngdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] lyof] . @))& ;fnsf] cfGbf]ng lqkIfLo lbNnL ;Demf}tfdf 6l'ËPkl5 8f=s]=cfO=l;+x / ledbQ kGtn] To;sf lj?4 ljb|f]x u/] eg] ledbQ kGtn] @))& ;fnsf] /fhg}lts 36gf kl5 cfd hgtfsf] hLjgdf s'g} kl/jt{g gb]v]kl5 rLgsf] gof“ hgjfbL qmflGtaf6 k|efljt / ef/tLo sDo'lgi6x?sf] ;xof]udf ;fdGtjfbsf lj?4 rnfPsf] ;z:q ;+3if{ g]kfns} Oltxf;df 7'nf] dxTj /fVb5 . To;kl5sf x/]s ;Qf lj/4sf cfGbf]ngdf ;]tL–dxfsfnLsf hgtfsf] ;xefuLtf /x“b} cfPsf] 5 . @)%@ ;fn kmfu'g ! ut] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] g]t[Tjdf ;+rflnt hgo'4df o; If]qsf hgtfsf] ;xeflutf P]ltxfl;s g} dfGg' kb{5 . ;f/df eGg' kbf{ o; IF]qsf] Oltxf; cGofosf lj?4 k|lt/f]ws g} /x]sf] 5 cyjf o; If]qsf hgtfsf] dgf]j[lQ n8fs' g} 5 . ;xL gLlt, ljrf/ / g]t[Tj kfof] eg] o; IF]qsf hgtfn] cfkm\gf] /0fsf}zntf b]vfpg kl5 kb}{gg\ eGg]s'/f * aif{sf] dxfg\ hgo'4sf bf}/fg ju{;+3if{df sfnLsf]6sf hgtfn] b]vfPsf] pRr ;xefuLtfsf ;fy} ;]dsf hgtf, sfo{stf{ / g]tfx?n] u/]sf] Tofu, alnbfgn] klg o; IF]qsf] Oltxf; cGofosf lj?4sf] ;+3if{df ;fx;, ;f}o{, Tofu / alnbfgsf] /x]sf] kfO{G5 .

;]tL–dxfsfnL :jfoQ k|fb]lzs hg;/sf/ k|d'vsf] x}l;otn] oxf“sf] /fhgLlts ultljlw af/] atfOlbgf];\ g <

g]kfnsf] PsLs/0f kl5 oxf“sf clehft ju{ -s]xLnfO 5f]8]/_ cyjf zf]ifs, ;fdGtx? s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qfsf] s]Gb|, b/jf/sf] rfs/L / bnfnL dfkm{t oxf“sf cfd >dlhlj ju{ dfly pTkL8g / zf]if0f ub}{ cfof] TotL dfq} xf]Og s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qfåf/f x'g] /fli6«o pTkL8g Pj+ cfd g]kfnL hgtfdflysf] pTkL8gdf ;xof]uLsf] e"ldsf v]Nb} cfof] . /f0ff zf;gsf] cGTokl5 )%@ ;fn;dd g]=sf= sf] k|efj o; If]qdf /x\of] eg] cf+lzs ?kdf )$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ng kZrft Pdfn]sf] jf:tljs rl/q yfxf gkfp“bf;Dd k|efj /x\of] . o; If]qdf sDo'lgi6 ljrf/wf/fsf] k|efj dxfg\ ;lxb bz/y rGbaf6} k/]sf] kfp“5f}+ . dfn]dfjfbsf c;nL cg'ofoL ledbQ kGt @))* ;fnb]lv @)!) ;fn ;Dd -jxf“sf] zxfbt gxf]p~h]n ;Dd_ ledbQ kGtsf] g]t[Tj u/]sf] kfp“5f}+ . To;kl5 sDo'lgi6 ljrf/wf/fsf] k|rf/ æ/ftf] em08fÆ x'“b} cufl8 a9\bf u'0ffTdstf dxfg\ P]ltxfl;s hgo'4sf] k|f/Deaf6} kfp“5f}+ . ljz]ifu/L P]ltxfl;s bf]>f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng kZrft g} ;]ddf o;n] Pskl5 csf]{ ju{;+3if{sf lslt{dfg kf/ ub}{ u|fdL0f Onfsfx? k|lts[ofjfbL ;Qfaf6 d'Qm ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . clxn] Psflt/ >dhLjL hgtfsf] k|fb]lzs :jfoQ hgkl/ifb\ -;/sf/_sf] lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 eg] k|lts[ofjfbL ;Qf ;b/d'sfddf l;ldt / s}b ePsf] 5 . ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL zlQmx? g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] g]t[Tj :jLsfb}{ To;sf] j/Lk/L uf]naGb x'b}5g\ eg] o; If]qdf v'Nnf ?kdf cfpg g;s]klg cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] v'Nnf bnfnL ug]{ z]/axfb'/ b]pjf afx]s c? 5b\d ?kdf kmf;LjfbL zlQm 1fg]sf] j/Lk/L s]Gb|L x'“b}5g\ . clxn] h;/L g]kfndf b'O{ w|'jdf /fhgLlt s]Gb|Lt x'“b}5 xfd|f] ;]ddf klg b'O{ w|'jdf /fhgLlt s]Gb|Lt x'“b}5 . hgtf kmf}hLs[t aGb} uPsf 5g\ . g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] ljb|f]xsf] gLltnfO{ d"t{?k lbg dfgl;s / ef}lts ?kn] tof/ x'“b} 5g\ .

If]qLo hg;/sf/sf cfufdL gLlt tyf of]hgf s] s] /x]sf 5g\ <

qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb\ g]kfnåf/f lgb]{lzt gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ cfTd lg0f{osf] clwsf/ cGt/ut :jfoQ zfifg ljlw cg';f/ To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ Pj+ oxf“sf] :yfgLo >F]t\ ;fwgnfO{ hg;xefuLtf k|of]u ub}{ hg;xefuLtfdf ljsfzsf k"jf{wf/x? v8f ub}{ To;nfO{ cu|ult lbg] . e"ldxLg / u/La ls;fg, ;lxbsf kl/jf/, hgd'lQm ;]gfsf kl/jf/, k|lts[ofjfbL zfxL ;]gf÷k|x/Lsf tNnf] bhf{sf l;kfxLx?sf kl/jf/x? -ljb|f]x u/]/ cfPsf_nfO{ k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df :yfgLo zf]ifs, ;fdGt, gf]s/zfx / u'7Lsf] hUuf sAhf u/L ljt/0f ug]{ . lzIff, :jf:Yo, Gofo cfbL s'/fx?nfO{ Jojl:yt / ;'b[9 kfb}{ n}hfg] ;fdGtL ;+:s[ltsf] dfWodaf6 x'g] ljljw vfnsf] zf]if0f / pTkL8gsf] cGt ug]{ . cNk;+Vos hftL, blnt hftL / dlxnf dflysf] e]befj / pTkL8gsf] cGt / ltgsf] ;Qfdf clwstd\ ;xefuLtf u/fpg] . hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf cfwf/df x/]s ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg / sfof{Gjog ug]{ . t/, clxn] o'4sfnLg cj:yf ePsf]n] o'4 k|wfg x'g] / cGo sfo{ ;xfos x'G5 . of] l:yltdf ;+3if{ g} k|wfg x'g] ePsf sf/0f cfGbf]ngsf] clGtd r/0f / P]ltxfl;s of]hgf, b'Zdg dfly clGtd k|xf/ ug{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] lbPsf] ljb|f]xsf] of]hgfnfO{ oyfy{df abNg cfd hgtfsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ s'/fnfO{ g} k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 .

xfnsf] cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:ylt af/] atfOlbg' x'G5 ls <

?;sf] lj36g kZrft zLto'4 -Coldwar_sf] klg cGTo ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub}{ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] cfkm'nfO{ ljZjsf] 5qklt 3f]if0ff u¥of] . o'4 pBf]udf l6s]sf] cfkm\gf] cy{tGq w/f;foL x'gnfu]kl5 cg]s k|sf/sf axfgf agfO{ ljZjsf k|fs[lts >f]t ;fwgdfly cflwkTo hdfpg] k|of;s} kl/0ffd:j?k t]>f] ljZjsf b]zx?dfly ;}Go x:tIf]ksf] yfngL ug[ yfNof] . ;f+:s[lts / cfly{s ?kdf ckfm\gf] x:tIf]k a9fpg æe"–d08nLs/0fÆ, ægLlhs/0fÆsf] gLlt Nofof] . To; gLlt cGt/ut cfkm\gf ax'/fli6«o sDkgL, cGt/f{li6«o d'b|fsf]if / ljZj a}+s dfkm{t t]>f] ljZjdf cfkm\gf] cfly{s ;fd|fHo km}nfof] . o;n] d'gfkmfsf nflu cGt/ ;fd|fHojfbL cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ klg a9fof] . ljZjsf /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ng / gof“ hgjfbL qmflGtnfO{ cft+sjfbsf] gfd lbP/ bdg ug{ ljz]if u/]/ !! ;]K6]Da/ @))@ sf] 36gf kl5 cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb gfËf] ?kdf cfof] . nf]stGq axfnLsf gfddf ckmuflg:tfg / O/fs dflysf] cfqmd0f jf:tjdf O/fssf] t]n ;Dkbf sAhf ug'{, ckmuflg:tfgdfly ?;af6 cnu ePsf /l;og d'n'ssf] k|fs[lts >f]t–;fwgdfly sAhf ug'{sf ;fy} o; IF]qdf cfkm\gf] /fhg}lts k|efj sfod ug]{ /0fgLlt lyof] . csf]{tkm{ g]kfnsf] hgo'4n] blIf0f Plzof / ljZjd} kfg{ ;Sg] k|efj /f]Sg'sf ;fy} ljZjdf dxfzlQmsf] ?kdf ljsfz ug{ nfu]sf] rLg / blIf0f Plzofdf lgoGq0f ug{ g]kfndf ;}Go cvf8f lgdf{0f ug]{ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] /0fgLlt /x“b} cfPsf] 5 . clxn] ljZjdf d'gfkmfsf nflu cGt/ ;fd|fHojfbL cGt/lj/f]w a9\b} uPsf] 5 eg] cd]l/sL x:tIf]ksf/L gLltsf lj?4 ljZjsf ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL hgtf ;8sdf pq]sf 5g\ . ;fd|fHojfb / pTkLl8t /fi6« Pj+ pTkLl8t /fi6«sf hgtf aLrsf] cGt/lj/f]w g} clxn]sf] k|wfg cGt/lj/f]w aGg k'u]sf] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL ;+o'Qm df]rf{sf] lgdf{0fdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 eg] l/d rf}yf] OG6/g]zgn lgdf{0f tkm{ cu|;/ 5 . h;sf] pbfx/0f d'DaOdf -ef/tsf]_ljZjsf clwsf+z b]zsf nfvf}+ hgtfsf] pkl:ylt xf] . clxn]sf] ljZj kl/l:ylt eg]sf] ktglt/ pGd'v ;fd|fHojfb / pHofnf]lt/ pGd'v qmflGt xf] .

If]q–If]qx?df :jfoQ k|fb]lzs ;/sf/ u7gn] b]znfO{ ljefhg lt/ t n}hfb}g <

æcfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ cGt/ut dfq ;a} hfltsf hgtfn] ckm\gf] efUosf] km};nf cfkm}ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt ub{5g\ . cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ cGt/ut h:tf] ls ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 :jtGq /fHo sfod ug{ kfpg] ;d]t kb{5 . t/, cfhsf] ljZj kl/l:ylt / g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ;du| l:yltdf cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ cGt/ut :yfg ljz]ifsf] efiff, ;+:s[lt hg3gTj, cfly{s s[ofsnfksf cfwf/df hftLo÷If]qLo :jtGqtf sfod u/]/ g} g]kfnsf] /fli6«o Pstf / ;a} hftL÷If]qsf hgtfsf] ljsfz k|s[of ;'lglZrt x'g] 5 .Æ cIoIf k|r08 .

s= cWoIfsf] dflysf egfOn] klg xfdLnfO s] lgb]{zg u/]sf] 5 eg] ha;Dd cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ lbOGg ToltGh]n;Dd g /fli6«o Pstf x'g;S5 g ;a} hftLsf hgtfsf] ljsfz ;'lglZrt x'G5 . g]kfnsf] PsLs/0fsf] gfddf cfkm\gf] /fHo lj:tf/ ug]{ dxTjsf+Iff cGt/ut ePsf] slyt PsLs/0f kZrft ag]sf] ;fdGtL /fHon] g]kfnsf ljleGg hftL hghftL, efiff efifL / ;+:s[ltnfO{ pTkL8g ub}{ Psflwsf/ sfod u¥of] . csf]{ zAbdf eGg] xf] eg] lxGb' pRr hftLo cx+sf/jfb nflbof] . g]kfnL hgtfsf] /ut kl;gfaf6 p7]sf] s/af6 d'¶Le/ AolQmx?sf] efiff, ;+:s[ltsf] ljsfz ug]{ / cGo efiff efifLsf hfltx?df nfb\g] sfd x'“b} cfof] . xfdLn] ljZjsf] Oltxf; x]¥of}+ eg] klg hxf“sf hgtf clwsf/n] n}; x'G5g\ . Tof] /fi6« ;'b[9 Pstfdf af“lwPsf] kfp“5f} eg] hxf“sf hgtfsf] clwsf/ vf]l;G5 ltgn] clwsf/ k|fKtLsf lglDt ljb|f]x u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;dfhjfbL ;f]ljot ;+3sf] lgdf{0f ;+u} dxfg\ n]lggn] ;a} /fli6«otfnfO{ 5'§Lg] clwsf/ 5 eGbf ;f]ljot ;+3leq y'k|} /fli6«otf Pstfa4 ePsf lyP / ltg} hgtfn] hd{g kmf;LjfbnfO{ w'nf] r6fp“b} slxNo} gp7\g]u/L lrxfgdf uf8]sf lyP . ha Toxf“ k|ltqmflGt eof] k|ltqmflGt;+u} hgtfsf] cyjf Tof] leqsf] /fli6«otfsf] pTkL8gn] cfh ;f]leot ;+3 slt b]zdf lj36g ePsf] 5 . To;}n] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] lbPsf] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ cGt/ut :jfoQ zf;gsf] gLltn] hj/h:tL Ps ePsf] g]kfn jf:tljs ?kd} Ps l9Ssf aGg] lglZrt 5 . of] gLlt cGt/ut ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ cfkm\gf] efUosf] lgdf{0f ug]{ clwsf/ lbPsf] 5 . o;n] tf]8\g] xf]Og hf]8\g] sfd g} ug]{ 5 . gof“ g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f x'g]5 . k|fb]lzs :jfoQtfsf] 3f]if0ffn] Tof] s'/fsf] z'?jft u/]sf] 5 . æljhoL ;dfhjfbnfO{ jf:tljs?kdf k"0f{ hgjfbsf] d"t{?k lbg' kg]{ / kmn:j?k hfltx?sf] g s]jn k"0f{ ;dfgtf nfu' ug'{ kg]{ 5 clkt' pTkLl8t hfltx?sf] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/nfO{ klg d"t{?k lbg' kb{5Æ n]lggsf] of] egfOnfO{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] leqaf6} cfTd;ft u/]sf] 5 . eGg'sf] cy{ s] xf] eg] gof“ hgjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ qmdd} g]kfnsf] ljlzi6tfdf cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ cGt/ut :jfoQ zf;gsf] clwsf/ lbg' eg]sf] k"0f{ hgjfbn] n}; u/fpg] cEof; klg xf] . oxf“ clwsf/nfO[ k|of]u ub}{ IF]q–If]qdf :jfoQ k|fb]lzs ;/sf/x?sf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] 5 / o;sf] cfd g]kfnLnfO{ efjgfTds, j}rfl/s Pstfdf alnof];+u af“Wb} tLa|ultdf gf}nf] g]kfn lgdf{0f lt/ pGd'v u/fO/x]sf] 5 . olb g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] g]t[Tjdf dxfg\ P]ltxfl;s hgo'4 z'? x'“b}gYof] / kf6L{n] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ cGt/ut :jfoQ zf;gsf] gLlt lnb}gYof] eg] >Ln+sfdf tfldnx?n] rnfPsf] k[ystfjfbL cfGbf]ng h:t} g]kfndf klg y'k} k[ystfjfbL cfGbf]ng z'? e} ;Sy] t/ o; gLltn] vDa'jfgnfO{ xfd|f] cfGbf]ngdf hf]8\g k'u]sf] 5 .

g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL-;+u ;]tL–dxfsfnL /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{ / k|fb]lzs ;/sf/sf] ;DaGw s:tf] /x]sf] 5 <

;]tL–dxfsfnLsf s]jn IF]qLo pTkL8g dfq geP/ eflifs, ;f+:s[lts, cfly{s / /fhg}lts pTkL8g s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qfaf6 ePsf] 5 . Tof] eg]sf] /fli6«o pTkL8g klg xf] . o; If]qsf sltko a'l4hLjL Pj+ ;fdGtL /fHo;Qfsf] j/Lk/L 3'Dg] zf]ifs ;fdGt / bnfnx?n] Tof] b]Vg ;Qm}gg\ . cfkm\gf] lglxt :jfy{ k'/f ug]{ ;kgf lhNnf ;b/d'sfd / sf7df08f}+df a;]/ b]Vg] u/]sf 5g\ Tof] eP/ oxf“sf] oyfy{ Oltxf; hfGbf hfGb} klg a'em krfpg afWo 5g\ . cGo ;+;bjfbL kf6L{x? klg o;IF]qnfO{ ;Qf;Dd hfg] ef]6 a}+s dfq agfpg rfxG5g\ t/ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] hftLo pTkL8g ;/xg} ;]ddf If]qLo pTkL8g xf] eg]/ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ lbof] ToxL clwsf/nfO{ k|of]u ub}{ ;]d/fd'df]sf] u7g eof] / To;n] dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kynfO{ dfu{lgb]{zs l;4fGtsf] ?kdf cfTd;ft u¥of] . ;a} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg eg]sf] juL{o pTkL8gsf] cGTo;+u} x'g] ePsf]n] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] g]t[Tj :jLsfb}{ cfGbf]ngsf] Pp6f ;b:osf] x}l;otn] cfGbf]ngdf ;dflxt eof] . hxf“;Dd k|fb]lzs :jfoQ ;/sf/sf] ;DaGwsf] s'/f xf] . g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] g]t[Tj :jLsfg]{ s]Gb|Lo qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb\ g]kfnsf gLlt lgb]{zg / cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ cGt/ut /x]/ kfng ug]{ xf] . oL b'a}sf] ;DaGw eg]sf] hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] k4tLdf cfwfl/t 5 . csf]{ zAbdf eGg] xf] eg] åGbfTds k4tLdf cfwfl/t 5 . g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_;+u b'j}sf] ;DaGw cGt/;DalGwt 5 / ;f/df eGg'kbf{ cfTdlg0f{osf]clwsf/sf] gLltdf cfwfl/t 5 .

;/sf/ ;+rfng -;Qf_ ah]6sf] Joj:yf sxf“af6 s;/L ug'{ x'G5 <

;Qf ;+rfngsf nflu xfd|f] k|fb]lzs e'uf]n leq ePsf k|fs[lts >f]t ;fwgaf6 p7fOg] -h8La'6L, sf7 cfbL_s/, Aofkf/ s/, ljleGg k]zfut JolQm / cfd >dhLjL hgtfåf/f lbOg] :j]lR5s rGbf g} ;Qf;+rfngsf >f]t x'g\ .

tkfO{ IF]qLo hg;/sf/ k|d'v r'lgg' ePsf] 5, cfkm'nfO{ slt hgtfsf] ;dy{g kfPsf] 7fGg' x'G5 <

;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb kIfw/ Pj+ sDo'lgi6sf] gfddf e|d >[hgf ug]{ ;+zf]wgjfbL tyf gj;+zf]wgjfbLx? afx]s af“sL zf]lift pTkLl8t hgtf nufot b]zeQm, hgtflGqs tKsfsf] ;dy{g 5 . k|lt;td} eGg'kbf{ () k|ltzt hgtfs]f ;dy{g 5 eGg] nfU5 .

of] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] dgf]lgt u/]sf] ;/sf/ t x}g <

l;wf cy{df eGg] xf] eg] xf] . k"0f{ ;Qf -s]Gb|Lo ;Qf_ hgtfsf] xftdf gcfp~h]n ;Dd cyjf o'4sfnLg cj:yfdf cGtl/d ;/sf/ dfkm{t k'/fgf] ;Qfdfly /fhg}lts cfqmd0fsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . csf]{ zAbdf eGg] xf] eg] ck|ToIf?kdf r'lgP/ cfPsf] klg xf] . cfd zf]lift pTkLl8t b]zeQm hgtGq kIfw/ () k|ltzt hgtf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] g]t[TjnfO{ cfTd;ft u/]/ dxfg\ hgo'4df k|ToIf–ck|ToIf?kdf ;fd]n ePsf 5g\ . sltko lhNnfx?af6 hgk|ltlglwx? k|ToIf hgtfaf6 r'lgP/ klg cfPsf 5g\ . ;Dk"0f{ zf]lift pTkLl8t >dhLjL g]kfnL hgtfsf] Ps dfq æg]tfÆ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ePsf] sf/0f xfd|f] dgf]gog eg]sf] cfd g]kfnL hgtfsf] dgf]gog g} xf] .

IF]qLo :jfoQ k|fb]lzs hg;/sf/df ;b:ox?sf] k|ltlglwTj s'g cfwf/df ePsf] 5 < ;a} kIFnfO{ s;/L ;d]6\g' x'G5 <

;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb g]kfnsf] hg;Qf ;+rfng lgb]{lzsfn] :ki6?kdf k|fb]lzs :jfoQ hgk|ltlglw ;efdf x/]s ju{sf] k|ltlglwTj s;/L u/fpg] eGg] lgb]{zg u/]sf] 5 . h:tf]– k|To]s lhNnfsf] hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df $) xhf/ df Pssf b/n] hgk|ltlglwsf] ;+Vof tf]s]sf] 5, To;df dlxnf $) k|ltzt, blnt @) k|ltzt nufot cGo cNk;+Vos / nf]kf]Gd'v hfltsf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj u/fpg] lgb]{zg ub{5 . To;sf ;fy} hgd'lQm ;]gfaf6 !) hgf, hgldlnl;ofaf6 !) hgf, Pshgf ;efd'v / Pshgf pk ;efd'v klg k|ToIf aflnu dtflwsf/åf/f r'g]/ cfp“5 . dfly tf]lsPsf] k|ltztsf] k|ltlglwTjsf ;fy} cGo cNk;+Vos hflt, ju{x?sf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L k|fb]lzs hgkl/ifb\sf] u7g ul/G5 . o;df hgtfsf b'Zdgx? afx]s cGo ju{sf] k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt ug{df ljz]if Wofg lbOPsf] 5 . nf]kf]Gd'v hfltx?sf] k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt u/L ;+/If0f ul/G5 .

o; IF]qdf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ultljlw s:tf] /x]sf] 5 < k'/fgf] ;QnfO{ lj:yflkt ug]{ of]hgf / sfo{qmd s] s] /x]sf 5g\ <

k'/fgf] ;Qf lhNnf ;b/d'sfdx?df l;ldt / s}bsf] cj:yfdf 5 hgd'lQm ;]gfs]f c/jfg 6Ldn] Toxf“klg /fd|f] bvn lbPsf] 5 . slxn]sf“xL b'Zdg u|fdL0f Onfsfdf cfPklg e'ldut tl/sfn] cfp“5 eg] Tof] cft+lst dgl:yltdf 5 . jt{dfg kmf;LjfbL ;/sf/n] l;+x b/jf/af6 k'/fgf k+r]x?nfO{ :yfgLo k|lts[ofjfbL ;Qfdf dgf]lgt u/]/ xfd|f] ;Qf Ho"b}5 eGg] e|dlbg vf]h]klg tL hgtfsf ;fd'Gg] cfpg] lxDdt u/]sf 5}gg\ . To;nfO{ k"0f{?kn] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] lbPsf] ljb|f]xsf] gLltnfO{ oyfy{df abNg cfd hgtfnfO{ kmf}hLs/0f ug]{s'/f k|f/De e};s]sf] 5 . ;xL g]t[Tj / ;xL kl/rfngåf/f g} ar]v'r]sf] k'/fgf] ;Qf lj:yflkt x'G5 .

clxn]sf] jt{dfg kl/l:ylt -o'4sfnLg_df k'/fgf] ;Qfaf6 bdg, w/ks8 / xTofsf >[+vnfx? al9/x]sf] kl/l:yltdf gof“ ;/sf/ -;Qf_sf] /Iff s;/L ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 <

k'/fgf]sf] Wj+z / gof“sf] lgdf{0f k|s[ofdf w]/} s'/f u'dfpg' kb{5 . Pp6f cfdfn] k|zjsfndf 7'nf] kL8f / /ut aufpg' k5{ . xfd|f] of] ;Qf k|fKt ubf{ klg Tof] l:yltsf] ;fdgf u/]sf 5f}+ . /, To;sf] d'No hgtfn] /fd|f];+u a'em]sf 5g\ / cfkm\gf] ;Qf /Iffug{ h'g;'s} d'No cem klg r'sfpg hgtf tof/ 5g\ . csf]{ s'/f s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sAhf gu/L xfd|f] k|fb]lzs ;Qfsf] ;'/Iff x'g ;Qm}g To;}n] xfd|f] nfOg eg]sf] s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sAhf ug]{ xf] . To;sf nflu o; If]qsf nfvf}+ nfv hgtfnfO{ ljb|f]xsf] nflu tof/ ug]{ / tL hgtfs]f gt[Tj ug'{ g} xf] .

If]qLo hg;/sf/ k|d'v ePsf]df s:tf] cg'e'lt ug'{ ePsf] 5 <

o;If]qsf cfd hgtfsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ lhDd]jf/L kfpg' eg]sf] uf}/jsf] ljifog} xf] eg] To;n] dnfO{ emg} uDeL/ agfPsf] 5 / Tof] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ k'/f ug{ cem}+ nugzLn / s7f]/ kl/>dlt/ pTk|]l/t u/]sf] 5 .

klZrd g]kfnsf ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf s:tf] 5 <

;]tL–dxfsfnL leq kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ e"–efudf k|rflnt ;+:s[ltdf cf+lzs cGt/ eP klg ;du| ?kdf Ps ?ktfg} b]lvG5 . x'8\s] gfr, b]p8f gfr, hGdsf sd{sf08, d[To'sf sd{sf08, ;u'g, kmfu, a}/f, ljjfx k4tL, vfgkLg ;a} ;dfg 5g\ . ;fdfGo efiff / eflifsfdf ePsf] cGt/ h:t} ;fdfGo cGt/ b]lvG5 eg] kl5 a;fO{;/fO{ u/L cfPsf ;f}+sf, w'n]n, du/x?sf] ;+:s[lt dfq s]xL km/s 5 . ;Dk"0f{ ?kdf eGbf Ps?ktf g} 5 .

cGtdf xfd|f] klqsf hgfb]z dfkm{t g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ s] ;Gb]z lbg rfxg' x'G5 <

leq leq} s'x]sf] ?v xfjfsf] Ps emf]sfn] 9N5 . To;} ;fd|fHojfbsf] cf8e/f];fdf clGtd ;f; lng nfu]sf] g]kfnsf] ;fdGtjfb cem af“Rg] k|of; ul//x]sf] 5 . cfkm\gf] efUosf] lgdf{0f cfkm} ug{ ;Dk"0f{ >dhLjL tyf ;fd|fHojfb / ;fdGtjfb lj/f]wL cfd g]kfnL hgtfnO{ clGtd k|xf/ ug{ ljb|f]xsf lglDt Pstfa4 x'g / ;8sdf pqg cg'/f]w ub{5' .