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jif{ !# c+s @@, a}zfv !$ , @)^! Year 13, Issue 22, April 26, 2004 |
n]lggsf of]ubfgx?sf] :d/0f
sf7df8f}+÷ ;j{xf/f ju{sf dxfg\ g]tf n]lgsf] hGdlbj; /
kf6L{ :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/df ljz]if sdf08 cGtu{t …sÚ If]qLo Jo"/f] OGrfh{ ;f]gfdn]
oxL a}zfv ( ut] Ps lj1KtL k|sflzt u/L ;dfd|fHojfbsf] r'gf}ltsf] xdnfsf] o;
38Ldf n]lggjfbsf] dxTj cem} j9]/ uPsf] atfp“b} cfÎgf] kf6L{ n]lggsf]
of]ubfgx?nfO{ cem} dfly p7fpg] k|0f ug'{ePsf] 5 .
OGrfh{
;f]gfdåf/f n]lgg hoGtLsf] cj;/df lgsflnPsf] jQmJosf] k"0f{ kf7 o; k|sf/
5–ædfgjhfltsf] ljsf; ePsf] bz xhf/ jif{ / cfw'lgs dfgj ;Eotfsf] ljsf; ePsf]
b'O{ xhf/ jif{ k'u]sf] 5 . oL jif{x? dxfg\ dfS;{n] eg]em} ju{;+3if{s}
Oltxf; /lxcfPsf] 5 . dfS;{jfb >lds ju{n] k}bf u/]sf] dxfg\ cflj:sf/ /
pknAwL xf] . of] lg/Gt/ ultdfg 5, o; dfg]df of] ljsf;jfg klg 5 dfS;{jfbsf
tLg ;+u7g c+ux? bz{g, /fhg}lts cy{zf:q / j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf] If]qdf n]lggn]
u'0ffTds of]ubfg ug'{ePsf] 5 . n]lggjfbn] dfS;{jfbnfO{ ef}lts zlQmdf dfq
xf]Og ;dfh jbNg] l;4fGtdf ;d]t k|ltjfbg u¥of] . ljZjsf] PsltxfO{
e"efudf ;dfhjfbL ;Qf / l;+uf] ljZj pklgj]zjfbaf6 d'Qm x'g'sf k5fl8
n]lggjfb g} /x]sf] 5 . kl5Nnf] >d / k'“hLsf] cGt{lj/f]wn] n]lggjfbsf]
j}1flgstf / cf}lrTotf cem} k'li6 ub{5 . dxfg\ n]lgg hoGtLs} lbg g]skfsf]
:yfkgf lbj; klg kb{5 . g]skfsf] :yfkgf Pp6f dxfg P]ltxfl;s uf}/jsf] ljifo
xf] . sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng @)!@ ;fndf tTsflng dxfdGqL dgdf]xgåf/f
cfTd;dk0f{jfbL u4f/LkZrft\ ;+;bjfbL bnbndf km;]sf] xf] / @)#) sf] bzsb]lv
nfdf] ;do;Dd h8;'qLo ;+;f]wgjfbsf] bnbndf km:of] . @)%@ ;fnaf6 hgo'4 ;'? u/]kZrft\
qmflGtsf/L wf/ g]kfnL qmflGtsf] d"nefu ag]sf] 5 . cfhsf] ;Gb{edf
dfcf]jfbdf dfq cl8/xg k|ofKt x'“b}g . dfcf]jfbsf] d'ntM ;f/;lxt gof“ ;Zn]if0f
ljgf qmflGtsf r'gf}ltx?sf] ;fdgf ug{ ;Dej 5}g . xfd|f] kf6L{ k|r08kysf]
j}rfl/s ;Zn]if0fåf/f lt ;Gbe{x?sf] s8L hf]8\g] cleofgdf 5 . olta]nf g]kfnL
qmflGt /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] 5 of] n]lggjfbsf] ;a}eGbf
7"nf] ;]jf xf] . xfdL b'Zdgsf lj?4 o'4df]rf{d} 86]/ n]lggjfbsf] ;]jf
ul//x]sf 5f+} . n]lggjfb ef}lts hut jbNg] lrGtg xf] To;}n] ;+;f/nfO} abn]/
/ jbNg] k|lqmofdf ;xeflu eP/ n]lgg hoGtL dgfpg'sf] af:tljs dxTj x'g]5 .
;fd|fHojfbsf] r'gf}ltsf] xdnfsf] o; 38Ldf n]lggjfbsf] dxTj cem} j9]/ uPsf]
5 . xfd|f] kf6L{ dxfg\ n]lggsf] of]ubfgx?nfO{ cem} dfly p7fpg] k|0f ub{5 /
jxf“k|lt /ftf] ;nfd ck0f{ ub{5 .Æ
eL8Gtdf xltof/ sAhf
nDh'ª÷ hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfn / zfxL ;]gfaLr nDh'ªdf j}zfv (
/ !) ut] ePsf] le8Gtdf tLg hgf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;'/IffsdL{sf] d[To' ePsf] 5 eg]
em08} Ps bh{g 3fOt] ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 . hg;]gfn] n8fO“kZrft\ zfxL ;]gfl;t /x]sf]
Ps yfg P;Pncf/, Pp6f P;PdhL, Pp6f y|Lg y|L, Ps yfg ;~rf/ ;]6, !))) yfg uf]nL,
!# j6f DofUhLg / s]xL emf]nf sAhf u/]sf lyP . hg;]gfsf] ;fgf] zlQmn] b'Zdg
;]gfsf] !^) eGbf a9Lsf] zlQmnfO{ v]b\b} p;sf] Aof/]s;Dd k'¥ofPsf] lyof] .
pQM eLif0f n8fO{sf qmddf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf sDkgL sdf08/
clj/n -dw'afa' yfkf, uf]/vf_, sDkgL ;b:ox? clgn -;Ltf/fd, uf]/vf, xdL{_, cd[t
-eb| cf]nL, ?s'd_ / ;Djfb -;'hg k|;fb_n] pRr zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ePsf] 5 .
hg;]gfn] nDh'ªdf b'Zdg ;]gfnfO{ lbg /ft u/]/ n8fO{df x/fPkl5 b'Zdg ;]gf–k|x/L
Aof/]saf6 aflx/ lg:s]sf 5}gg\ .
o;}aLr j}zfv !) ut] ?kGb]xLdf hgd'lQm ;]gfn] sdf08f]
cfqmd0f ubf{ /fli6«o cg';Gwfg ljefu -u'Ktr/_sf OG;k]S6/ Ps/fh u}/]sf] d[To'
ePsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL vf]Hb} lxl8/x]sf a]nf u}/] hg;]gfsf] lg;fgfdf k/]sf
lyP . hg;]gfn] u'Ktr/nfO{ sdf08f] cfqmd0faf6 l;WofPkl5 ?kGb]xLsf
u'Ktr/x?df efubf}8 dlRrPsf] va/ 5 . o;}aLr a}zfv * ut] jflnª :ofª\hfdf
z;:q k|x/Lsf] Ps u'Ktr/nfO{ hgd'lQm ;]gfn] sdf08f] cfqmd0f ubf{ d[To' ePsf]
5 .
u'08fbn dfcf]jfbL sAhfdf
wgu9L÷ sGrgk'/ lhNnfsf] /fdljnf; uf=h=;=sf] snsQfdf
:yfgLo b'O{ hgf ufp“n]x?sf] k'/fgf] ;Qfåf/f kflnt kf]lift u'08fx?n] xTof u/]sf
5g\ . ut a}zfv % ut] ePsf] ;f] xTofkl5 g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] xTof/fx?sf]
k|d'v lu/f]xnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 5 . xftxltof/ ;d]t ePsf] !! hgfsf] lu/f]xdWo]
* hgfnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/L hgcbfntdf a'emfOPsf] 5 . xTof, n'6, anfTsf/ h:tf
d'2f nufOPsf tL lu/f]xdf dfgaxfb'/ /fgf, nfn] /fgf, axfb'/ /fgf, ;"o{
rf}w/L, jL/]Gb| /fgf / z/b /fgf nufot 5g\ .
hgd'lQm
;]gfn] pgLx?nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]/ Nofpbf Ps yfg tLg;okGw| /fOkmn, b'O{ yfg s§f
/fOkmn, 6'j]Nj/ s§f b'O{ yfg / e?jf aGb's Ps yfg /x]sf 5g\ . xTof/fx?nfO{
lu/km\tf/ u/]/ hgcbfntdf a'emfPkl5 hgtf v'zL ePsf 5g\ .
htftt} hgcfGbf]ng lbj; dgfOof]
g]kfnu~h÷o; k6ssf] !%cf}+ cfGbf]ng lbj; u0ftGqsf]
k|flKtsf] lbzfdf b[9tfk"j{s cufl8 a9\g] k|lta4tf ;lxt dgfOPsf] 5 .
ut r}q @$
ut] af“s]–lagf}gf uf=h=;=df # j6f Pl/ofsf] ;+o'Qm sfo{qmd sl/a Ps xhf/ hgtfsf]
;xeflutfdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;efdf yf?jfg :jfoQ k|fb]lzs hg;/sf/ ;b:o Pj+
lhNnf hgkl/ifb\ k|d'v tyf d'Vo jQmf k"0f{ ;'j]bL / cGodf yf?jfg d'lQm
df]rf{sf] tkm{af6 s=b'uf{axfb'/ rf}w/L, g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{sf] tkm{af6
hoaxfb'/ ;'gf/, dw]zL d'lQm df]rf{sf lhNnf ;+of]hs Pj+ s]=;= g/]z vl6s,
c=g]=ls=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sf] tkm{af6 Clif/fd rf}w/L, c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sf]
tkm{af6 /]0f'sf v8\sfn] af]Ng' ePsf] lyof] . yf?jfg d'lQm df]rf{ s]=;=
hLtaxfb'/ rf}w/Lsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng lh=;= s=clgnn] ug'{ePsf]
lyof] .
l9nf]u/L
k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ ut r}q % ut] ;f]gaiff{ Aof/]saf6 u'Ktr/ agL ufp“ k;]sf @
hgf u'Ktr/;“u Pl/of kf6L{n] k7fPsf cfO{Pg6Lsf] hDsfe]6 x'“bf le8Gt ePsf] /
zfxL;]gfsf] Pshgfsf] 36gf:ynd} d[To'
ePsf] / csf]{ kmfol/ª ub}{ efu]sf] 5 . d[ts zfxL ;}lgs clws[t ePsf] v'Ng
cfPsf] 5 .
zfxL ;]gfåf/f lu/km\tf/ u/L ljeT; xTof
af“s]÷ zfxL ;]gfn] af“s]sf] k]8f/Ldf ut kmfu'g * ut] 3]/f
xfnL lgxTyf tyf lj/fdL cj:yfsf * dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{x?sf] xTof u/]sf] 5 .
zfxL ;]gfn]
sfzL/fd rf}w/L -cl8u, alb{of–aflgofef/_, lbk]Gb| -af“s], a'g3';|L_, cd/ vqL
-ljqmd,b}n]v–gf}d'n]_, lgnd -sflnsf]6_, lbg]z -lj/fdL, h'Dnf_ k|eft-hfh/sf]6_,
k|sfz -af“s], bfªk'/_ / o;}u/L ;f]xL lbg alb{ofsf] e}+;fxLdf s= lg/fhg -b}n]v
b'Nn'_sf] xTof u/]sf] lyof] . zfxL ;]gfn] pgLx?nfO{ lu/Îtf/ u/L cf“vf
lgsfn]/, k]6df ;+lug /f]k]/, ;l/ofn] 5ftL 5]8]/, 6fpsf] km'6fP/ h:tf lgs[i6
9+un] xTof u/]sf]k|ToIfbzL{x? atfp“5g\ . xTofkZrft\ hNnfbx?n] n'6kf6sf]
qmddf k]8f/Lsf ;'zLn zdf{sf] 3/af6 % xhf/ gub n'6\g'sf] ;fy} &% aifL{of
a[4f ;'ldqf pkfWofonfO{ s'6kL6 u/]sf lyP . To:t} !! alif{o afns ;'lbknfO{
/ ufp“sf :yfgLo afl;Gbf d~h' yf?, k08Lt yf?, /fd b'nf/] yf?nfO{ / alb{ofsf]
e}+;fxLdf Ps a[4 &) alif{of dlxnfnfO{ klg s'6lk6 u/]sf 5g\ .
hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] clegGbg
hgsk'/÷ut r}q & ut] /fd]5fk lhNnfsf] nvgk'/ ufh;df
ef]hk'/ df]rf{df ;kmntf k|FKt u/]/ kmls{Psf] hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfndf hg;]gfx?nfO{
clegGbg sfo{qmd Jofks hg;d'bfosf] pkl:yltdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
sfo{qmdsf]
k|d'v cltly a]yfg :d[lt kf‘rf} lj|u]8 sld;f/ Pj+ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf s]=;=
s=k/jgf, cltly g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf csf{ s]=;= s=b]zaGw', kf‘rf}+ lj|u]8 sdf08/
s=k|df]b, ;f]xL lj|u]8 ;xsdf08/ s=kfj]n, !$ cf}+ a6flnog sld;f/ s=s[kfZj/,
sdf08/ s=lhljt, !%cf}+ a6flnog sld;f/ s=clgn, sdf08/ s=pQd, sDkgL sld;f/x?,
s=ljsf;, s=x]ds, s=k|eft x'g'x'GYof] eg] ;Dk"0f{ 3fOt] sd/]8x?sf]
k|ltlglwTj ub}{ s=;'/jL/ pkl:ylt x'g'x'GYof] . pQm sfo{qmdnfO{ :jfut dGtJo
Pl/of ;]qm]6/L s=cfsfzn] lbg' ePsf] lyof] . ;fydf sfo{qmdnfO{ cfsif{s
agfpg] / t/+lut kfg]{ qmddf ld/ld/] ;f‘:s[lts kl/jf/sf hgsnfsf/x? nflu k/]sf
lyP . ;df/f]xdf lj|u]8 sld;f/ Pj+ k|d'v cltly s=k|/jfgf, sdf08/, ;xsdf08/
nufotsf cGo cltly sd/]8x?n] cfÎgf dxTjk"0f{ egfOx? /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .
pQm sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng Pl/of ;]qm]6/L s=;[hgfn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmdsf]
;efkltTj /fd]5fk lhNnfsf OGrfh{ s=nlntn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
To;}u/L
bf]nvf ;+jfbbftfn] k7fPsf] ;dfrf/ cg';f/ h'u' ufh;df r}q # ut] xhf/f}+
hg;d'bfoaLr hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ cleglGbt tyf :jfut sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng bf]nvf lhNnf
OGrfh{ s=cl:dtfn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] ;efkltTj lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v s=led;]gn]
ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf cltlwx?df lj|u]8 sld;f/ s=k/jfgf, s]=;=
s=b]zaGw', lj|u]8 sdf08/ s=k|df]b, ;xfos sdf08/ s=kfj]n, j6flnog sld;f/ åo
s=s[kfZj/ / s=clgn, a6flnog sdf08/åo s=lhljt / s=pQd x'g'x'GYof] . o;/L
;DkGg ePsf] clegGbg ;df/f]xdf pxf‘x?n] dxTjk"0f{ dGtJo ;d]t /fVg' ePsf]
lyof] .
lhNnfsf] dWoefudf k'n lgdf{0f
/f}tx6÷ o; lhNnfsf] dWo efudf kg]{ ljtL{k|:6f]sf ufh;sf]
a8]vf 6f]naf6 s6x/Lof hfg] af6f]df dxfg\ tyf uf}/jzfnL kf6L{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_
sf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] gof‘ hg;Qfsf] cfof]hgfdf sf7]k'n lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf]
;dfrf/ 5 .
k'ik–kjg–;f}/e
hgk|lt/f]w cleofgsf] qmddf ;lxb ;Ktfxsf] cj;/ kf/L z'? ul/Psf] pQm sf7]k'nsf]
lgdf{0f r}q !# ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . o"lgkmfO8 sdf08 Pj+ t/fO
lgoGq0fsf] gfddf rflnPsf] g/;+xf/ sfo{df dfl/Psf Knf6'g sdf08/ s=;'/hsf] gfdn]
agfOPsf] ;f] sf7]k'n;‘u} s=kjgsf] gfddf ;lxb u]6 klg hf]l8Psf] 5 . k'nsf]
pb\3f6g lhNnf hg;/sf/ ;b:o tyf Gofo ;Dkfbg ljefusf k|d'v s=/fdfgGb dxQf]n] eJo
;df/f]xaLr l/jgsf] lkmtf sf6]/ pb\3f6g ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf]
;efkltTj zlxb s=;'/hsf] bfO s=lszf]/L zfxn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eGg] pb\3f]if0f
s=ljBfgGbn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . k'nsf] nfut ah]6 k'n lgdf{0f ;ldltsf]
;+of]hs s=/fdfn] k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v cltly
s=/fdfgGb dxQf]n] ;lxbsf] of]ubfgaf/] rrf{ ub}{ dw]z h:tf] Zj]t Onfsfx?df
hgtfsf] dfofn] g} Wj:t;‘u} lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ul//x]sf s'/f atfpg' eof] .
;f] k'n lgdf{0faf/] Ps hgf a'l4hLljsf]
k|ltlqmof lyof]–dlxgf} lbg nufP/ lhNnfsf] dWoefudf gof“ ;Qfn] nfvf}+sf]
nfutsf] k'n lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg' jf:tjdf zfxL ;]gf xfl/;s]sf] / k'/fgf] ;Qf
;b/d'sfd / /fhwfgLdf l;ldt /x]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 .
:jf:y lzlj/ ;DkGg
l;Gw'nL÷ hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn, k"jL{ l8lehg a]yfg
:d[lt kf‘rf}+ lj|u]8 :jf:Yo ljefusf] cfof]hgfdf k"jf{~rn If]qdf oxL a}zfv
@ / # ut] ljz]if ;h{g ;lxt @) hgfsf] lrlsT;s 6Ldåf/f ;+rfng ePsf] :jf:y lzlj/df
hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfnsf of]4fx?sf] :jf:Yo kl/If0f x'g'sf ;fy} 5/f{ / a'n]6 s];sf
la/fdLx?nfO{ ljlzi6 ck/]zg ul/Psf] 5 .
To;}ul/ pQm
lzlj/af6 :yfgLo $)) hlt hgtf :jf:Yo ;]jfaf6 nfeflGjt x'g' ePsf] s'/f :jf:Yo
ljefusf sdf08/ s=lw/fhn] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
;lxb kl/jf/ clegGbg sfo{qmd ;DkGg
l;Gw'nL÷ut r}q !$ ut] l;Gw'nLdf >4f~hnL Pj+ ;lxb
kl/jf/ clegGbg ;df/f]x ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . pQm ;df/f]xsf] ;~rfng s=k|df]bn]
ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] ;efklt s=k/jfgf x'g'x'GYof] . cltlyx?df s=b]zaGw',
s=sdn, dfemL d'lQm df]rf{sf s]lGb|o cWoIf s=h]jL, s=zLnf, s=;+u|fdL, s=cr{gf
s=;GWof, s=lnnf, s=gd"gf, s=c~h', s=;l/tf, s=l5/Lª nufotsf ;lxb kl/jf/x?
x'g'x'GYof] . sfo{qmddf :jfut efif0f s=lw/hn] lbg' ePsf] lyof] .
;lxb
kl/jf/sf] tkm{af6 dGtJo lbg] qmddf s=cr{gfn] eGg'eof]–æljjfx ePsf] # dlxgfdf
pxf‘ ;lxb x'g' eof] . pxf‘sf] xftaf6 v;]sf] aGb's / emf]nf d af“r];Dd
slxNo} v:g lbg] 5}g .Æ To:t} ;lxb kl/jf/ s=lzn'n] eGg' eof]–æd !* jif{sf]
x‘'bf d]/f] >Ldfgsf] zfxL ;]]gfn] xTof u¥of] . To;sf] lj?4df d lg/Gt/
nflu /x]sf] 5' . d ;lxb kl/jf/x?nfO{ cfu|x ub{5', cfkmGtsf] d[To'df cf‘;'
aufP/ x}g, b'Zdgk|lt 3[0ff / cfqmf]; k}bf u/]/ cufl8 a9\g'k5{ .Æ
qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{sf gof“ lg0f{ox?
sf7df8f}+÷cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_ ljz]if pks]Gb|n]
cfÎgf] k|yd lj:tfl/t a}7s oxL r}q @( ut] Î|ofS;g OGrf{h s=;'lgnsf] k|d'v
cfltYodf / s]lGb|o cWoIf n]vgfy Gof}kfg]sf] pkl:yltdf ;DkGg ePsf] hgfPsf]
5 .
j}7sn]
ljleGg ;f+u7flgs lg0f{ox? u/]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 h;cg';f/ pks]Gb|el/ b'O{ dlxg] sdn
/ kl;Gb| cleofg ;~rfng ug]{, e]nf, ;Dd]ng, k|lzIf0f ug]{,Jofks ;+u7g lgdf{0f ug]{, ;dflhs >d cGtu{t af6f] 3f6f],
k'nk'n];f lgdf{0f ug]{, JolQmut >d cGtu{t ls;fg hgtfsf] 3/, v]tdf uP/ sfd
ul/lbg], lzIff, :jf:Yo If]qdf hghfu/0f cleofg ;~rfng ug]{, !* j}zfvdf ldqdl0f
lbj; dgfOg], h]7 ! ut] ljBfyL{ ;kmntf lbj; dgfpg] 5g\ .
To;}u/L ljz]if
pks]Gb|nfO{ $ If]qdf ljefhg u/L To;sf] lhDd]jf/L af“8kmf“8 ;d]t ul/Psf]
hgfOPsf] 5 h;cg';f/ k"jL{} If]lqo ;+of]hs /fhsfhL dxh{g, klZrd If]lqo
;+of]hs o'j/fh e§/fO{, blIf0f If]lqo ;+of]hs nlnt 3nfg / ljz]if If]lqo ;+of]hs
z}n]Gb| l3ld/] /x]sf 5g\ . a}7sn] …o'lgkmfO8 sdf08 1fg]sf] dltof/ jfb/sf]
k'R5/ nf}/f] g xltof/Ú to ul/ …/fhf ljgfsf] k|hftGqsf nflu uf“p ufpaf6
cfGbf]ngÚÚ p7fpg] lg0f{o ul/Psf] ;d]t hgfOPsf] 5 .
d/fd'df] g]kfnsf] e]nf ;DkGg
dsjfgk'/÷dsjfgk'/–nlntk'/ ;+o'Qm lhNnfsf] du/x?sf] k|yd
lhNnf e]nf )^) r}q @* ut] xfn} nlntk'/sf] dWoj:tLdf ;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
lhNnf e]nfn] kfj{tL /fgf du/sf] cWoIftfdf !# ;b:oLo sld6L lgdf{0f u/]sf]
5 .
sfo{qmd
blIf0f pkJo"/f] ;b:o clhtsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmd zxLb ledWjhsL >LdtL s=pdfn] pb3f6g ug{' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd
kfj{tL /fgf du/sf] ;efkltTj, clgi7sf] ;~rfng / /fh' cfn]du/sf] :jfut dGtJo;lxt
z'? ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf cGo cltlyx?df s=lbk]z, s=gog, s=j;Gt, s=gljg,
s=l;lk l3ld/], s=?s' zdf{, s=eQm bnf{dL x'g'x'GYof] .
e]nfåf/f lgjf{lrt
cGo kbflwsf/Lx? pkfWoIfdf clgi7, ;b:o–;lrjdf lji0f' yfkf du/, sf]iffWoIfdf /fh'
cfn]du/ / ;b:ox?df k|lj0f yfkf, lg/Gt/, eQm bnf{dL, ef]nf yfkf-h]ndf_,
kf]i6axfb'/ /fgfdu/, l8naxfb'/ /fgfdu/ / lbjf /xg'ePsf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLåf/f ;'/fsLsf] ;kmfof
dsjfgk'/÷nlntk'/ lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s= ;Demgfn] Ps lj1KtL
k|sflzt ul/ cfÎgf kf6L{sf sfo{stf{x? ljg' uf]n], lj/f7 / ;'ldqfsf] xTofdf ;DnUg
x'“b} cfPsf] g/jxfb'/ vqLnfO{ % g+ sDklgsf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf of]4fx?n] a}zfv @ ut]
;kmfof ul/lbPsf] hgfpg' ePsf] 5 .
jQmJodf e"tk"j{ zfxL ;]gf lgh vqLn] )%* cflZjg
!) ut]af6 dfcf]jfbL kf6L{, hg;]gf / cfÎgf sfo{stf{, z'elrGts lj?4 ;'/fsL ub}{
cfPsf] s'/f lghn] hg;]gf;“u :jLsf/]sfn] lghnfO{ ;kmfof ul/Psf] lj1KtLdf
hgfOPsf] 5 .
lhNnf hg;/sf/ k'gu{l7t
bfË÷hgk|ltlglw ;efsf] ut
kmfu'g !@ / !# ut] ;DkGg clwj]zgn]
OGb|hLt rf}w/Lsf] cWoIftfdf gof“ lhNNff hg;/sf/ ;ldlt lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5
.
lgjf{lrt lhNnf hg;/sf/sf] pk–k|d'vdf bfdf zdf{ /xg' ePsf] 5
eg] ;b:ox?df odnfn km'hfnL, lbns'df/L a'9f, ;"ldqf rf}w/L, gf/bd0fL
kf]v/]n, ch'{g rf}w/L, /fdaxfb'/ yfkf, ;kgf rf}w/L, lgd{nf rf}w/L, k|ldtf
rf}w/L, g/axfb'/ jnL, kmgfw/ a'9f, /fdhL rf}w/L, /fdaxfb'/ bxLt, dfgaxfb'/
/;fOnL, ;Demgf a:ofn, dLgf a:ofn, h+ujL/ rf}w/L, dlg/fd vgfn, lgd{nf yfkf, nIdL
rf}w/L, lgds'df/L 3tL{, k|tfd rf}w/L, dfgaxfb'/ lj=s= / pdfgGb vgfn /x]sf
5g\ . Pshgf kl5 yKg] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 .
yf?jfg :jfoQ
lhNnf hg;/sf/ bfËsf k|d'vdf lgjf{lrt eP nuQ} k|d'v OGb|hLt rf}w/Ln] Ps aQmJo
k|sflzt u/L clwj]zgdf !_ cjwf/0ff @_ hgldlnl;of tyf hg;'/Iff #_ e"ld
s[lif{ tyf ljQ $_ jg Aofj:yfkg %_ hg:jf:Yo, hglzIff / hg;“:s[lt u/L kf“r
lzif{sdf %! a'“bf gLlt tyf sfo{qmd / )^)–^! sf] ^) nfvsf] ljsf; lgdf{0f ;DaGwdf
aflif{s ah]l6Ë ;lxt @# a'“b] tTsflns sfo{qmd Jofks 5nkmn, cfjZos yk36 u/L
Psdtn] kfl/t ePsf] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . o;}u/L e"ldgLlt cg';f/ sAhf ePsf]
hUuf e"ldlxg ;lxb kl/jf/ tyf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf kl/jf/, zfxL ;]gfaf6 ljb|f]x
u/L cfPsfx?sf] 3/ kl/jf/nfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstfdf ljt/0f ug]{ qmd;M ;'s'Daf;L,
sd}of u/La ls;fgnfO{ ljt/0f ug]{ / v+'vf/ ;fdGtsf hUuf sAhf cleofg ;~rfng ug]{
lg0f{o ePsf] ;d]t hgfOPsf] 5 .
/dsf ;f“:s[lts l6d lj:tf/
hfh/sf]6÷e]s cGt/ut df]8]n lhNnfdf sfo{/t ;f“:s[lts 6f]nL
/dsf ;f“:s[lts 6f]nL lj:tfl/t ePsf] 5 . ;f] ;+u7gsf O~rfh{ s= lx/faxfb'/
lj=s=n] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ xfn @% ;b:oLo ;f] /dsf kl/jf/sf cWoIfdf
k|]daxfb'/ a'9f / ;lrjdf o'j/fh /xg' ePsf] 5 .
;f]
;f“:s[lts kl/jf/n] ljleGg ljefux? klg lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . h;df ;'/Iff,
:jf:Yo, :s'lnË, Joj:yfkg, ;~rf/ cflb /x]sf 5g\ . o;/L ljleGg ljefu u7g ul/
cf–cfkm\gf] sfo{IF]q klg tf]lsPsf] 5 . j}rfl/s IF]qdf sfo{stf{x?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4
ug{ k|To]s xKtf ljleGg ljifodf :s'lnË rnfpg] klg lg0f{o u/]s]f 5 .
cGt/s[of sfo{qmd
df]8]n÷ædf]8]n lgdf{0fdf ;+u7gsf] e"ldsfÆ ljifos
Pslbg] ljrf/ uf]li7 gf} g+= Pl/of /flk8f“8fsf] df=lj=sf] xndf ;DkGg ePsf]
5 . ut kmfu'g !% ut] ;DkGg ;f] cGt/s[ofd"ns ljrf/ uf]i7Ldf
e]/L–s0ff{nL If]qLo sfg'g tyf Gofo ljefu O~rfh{ s= lj/fh v/]nn] d'Vo cltlosf]
cfzgaf6 k|lzIf0f dGtAo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . pxf“n] qmflGt ;DkGg ug{sf lglDt
ljrf/sf] cfjZostf kg]{ x'“bf ;xL ljrf/sf] g]t[Tj s'zn ;+u7gn] ug]{ x'“bf ;+u7gsf]
cu|0fL e"ldsf /xg] atfpg' eof] . To;}u/L pxf“n] ;+u7gsf sfo{stf{ /
hgtfaLr df5f / kfgLsf] ;DaGw /xg] atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmddf ;xsf/L ljefusf
lbuljho, sfg'g ljefusf pk]Gb|Wjhn] klg cf–cfkm\gf ljrf/ /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .
lzIfs,
a'l4hLjL, Jofkf/L, Pl/of sfo{stf{, ;dfh;]jL, Pj+ cGo hg;d'bfo u/L ;of}+ hgfsf]
pkl:ylt /x]sf] ;f] sfo{qmd Pl/of O~rfh{ s=gj/fhn] ;~rfng ug'{ ePsf]
lyof] . sfo{qmddf lzIfs, a'l4hLjL, ;dfh;]jL cflbn] klg cf–cfkm\gf wf/0ff
/fVg'ePsf] lyof] .
o:t} sfo{qmd
Pl/of g+= ^ sf] ;snfdf klg ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf klg k|d'v
cltly lj/fh v/]nn] k|lzIf0fd"ns dGtAo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] eg] Pl/of OGrfh{
s=zltifn] sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo / dxTjdfly k|sfz kfg'{ePsf] lyof] . ut kmfu'g
!% ut] ;DkGg ;f] sfo{qmdsf] ljifo æ;f“:s[lts ?kfGt/0f / df]8]n lgdf{0fÆ /x]sf]
lyof] . Pl/ofsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfnosf lzIfs, a'l4hLjL, ;dfh;]jL, hgtf,
sfo{stf{x?sf] Aofks ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf]
;~rfng Pl;P; s=cf:yfn] ug'[ePsf] lyof] eg] ;efkltTj ufh; k|d'v ;f]d/fh zfxLn]
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf k'/fgf] ?9Lut ;+:sf/ ;“:s[ltsf] k"0f{
Wj+z u/L gof“ ;+:sf/ ;“:s[ltsf] lgdf{0f ul/g' kg]{ s'/fdf pkl:yt k|ltlglwx?n]
hf]8 lbPsf lyP .
a]gL ljho pT;j ;DkGg
hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] P]ltxfl;s / ;kmn a]gL df]rf{sf] ljho pT;j
# g+= Pl/of sfk|Lrf}/sf] 3'Oofaf/Ldf ut r}q !$ ut] ;of}+ hgtfsf] aLrdf caL/
hfqf / kmfol/ª ub}{ eJo ?kn] dgfOof] . hgd'lQm ;]gfsf la|u]8 lel;x?
s=of]4f / s=ax'jL/ nufotsf cd/ ;lxbx?k|lt >4f~hnL u/]kl5 z'? ePsf] pT;j
sfo{qmddf dfcf]jfbLsf l;l;Pd s=cys / af“s] lhNnf hgkl/ifb\ k|d'v k"0f{
;'j]bLn] ;+jf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmddf …a]gLsf] ahf/ htf a+s/
pt} 5 gh/, lt/Lld/] OG;f; /fOkmnÚ eGg] uLt cToGt /f]rs /x]sf] lyof] .
;+rfns
dfcf]jfbL l8=l;=Pd= s=k|ltdf / ;efklt l8=l;=P;= s=sjL/, /xg' ePsf] ;f]
sfo{qmddf :jfut efif0f Onfsf hg;/sf/ k|d'v s= s'df/ /fgfn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
/fO{bg'jf/ /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf] u7g
dsjfgk'/÷oxL r}q @* ut] /fO{bg'jf/ /fli6««o d'lQm df]rf{
g]kfnsf] k|yd lhNnf e]nf lhNnfsf] Ps ufp“df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . e]nfn] lji0f'
/fO{sf] cWoIFtfdf ( ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldltsf] u7g u/]sf] 5 .
sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly df]rf{sf s]lGb|o sf]iffWoIf s j'4
/fO{ x'g'x'GYof] eg] cltlyx?df sDkgL sld;/ s=led, s=nlntf, s=Psjxfb'/ /fO{,
s=/d]z s=ch'{g s=/fddfof kflv|g xg'x'GYof] . pQm e]nfsf] p23f6g sfo{qmdsf]
;~rfng s k|sfz /fO{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] ;efklt s lji0f' /fO{ x'g'x'GYof] .
e]nfsf] pb\3f6g k|d'v cltly s=a'4 /fO{4f/f ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf :jfut
dGtJo ?4 jxfb'/ /fO{n] lbg' ePsf] lyof] . gj lgjf{lrt lhNnf ;ldltsf cGo
kbflwsfl/x?df pkfWoIf ?b|/fO{, ;lrj k|sfz /fO{, sf]ifWoIf u+ufnfn /fO{, ;b:ox?
lzjhL /fO{, ;f]d a= /fO{, cf1fdfg /fO{, s'n jxfb'/ /fO{, /fdz/0f /fO{
x'g'x'G5 .
df]8]n lhNnfdf k|lzIf0f,3/b}nf] cleofg / >4fGhnL
sfo{qmd
hfh/sf]6÷ ;+u7gfTds?kdf ul/g] lgoldt sfd tyf cf7f}+
aif{uf“7sf ;Gbe{df df]8]n lhNnfdf ljljw sfo{qmdx? ;DkGg ePsf ;dfrf/x? k|fKt
eO/x]sf 5g\ . olta]nf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] cfwf/If]qx?df ;Dk"0f{ hgtfsf]
r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ tyf ;+u7g ;'b[9 / ljsf; ug]{ sfdnfO{ dxTjsf ;fy cufl8
a9fO/x]sf] 5 . o;}u/L hgo'4sf qmddf pRr alnbfgL ug]{ ;lxbx?sf] ;Ddfg ug'{,
:yfgLo ljsf; lgdf{0fsf lglDt hgtfsf] r]tgf p7fpg', k'/ftg ;+:s[ltsf] cGTo ub}{
gof“ ;+:s[ltsf] hu a;fNg', cfkm\gf sfo{stf{x/nfO{ j}rfl/s, /fhg}lts ?kn] ;d[4
ug'{ h:tf sfo{x? dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] lbgrof{ klg ag]sf] 5 .
e]/L–s0ff{nL
If]q cGt/ut gd"gf ;Qfsf] cEof; ul//x]sf] hfh/sf]6sf] pQ/k"jL{ If]q
-df]8]n lhNnf_df ePsf ljljw ultljlwx? xfd|f ;Djfbbftf ;Ifd zfxLn] ;+sng ul/
k7fPsf 5g\ .
l//g cleofgsf] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd
…Aofks hgtfnfO{ kmf}hLs/0f u/ †Ú eGg] d'n gf/fsf ;fy
df]8]n lhNnfdf l//g cleofg ;+rfng ePsf] 5 . l//g cyf{t df]8]n lhNnfdf kg]{ l/v]
lxdfn b]lv /dsf x'b} gxs'nL;Dd gfdfs/0f u/L cleofg ;~rfng u/]sf] s'/f ;dfrf/df
hgfOPsf] 5 . Pl/of g+= ! b]lv % ;Ddsf] ;+o'Qm k|lzIf0f lzlj/sf] pb\3f6g ub}{
lhNnf O~rfh{ s= hLjgn] eGg'eof]– æof] cleofg /0fg}lts ?kdf k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/L
xf] / o;n] s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sAhfsf] lglDt ;Dk"0f{ hgtfnfO{ kmf}hLs[t ug]{
k|s[ofsf] z'?cft ug]{ 5 . ;fy} gd"gf ;Qfsf] lj:tf/ / ljsf; ug{ o; lhnnfsf
;a} hgtfnfO{ k|]l/t ug]{ 5 .Æ ;f] sfo{qmdsf csf{ cltly aQmf lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v
s= 6]saxfb'/ /fjnn] k'/fgf] ;Qfn] hgtfdf 5/]sf e|dx?sf] e08fkmf]/ ub}{ gof“
;Qfsf of]hgfaf/] k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
;f]
sfo{qmddf s= ;kgf, s= d08n, s= ljho nufotn] klg dGtAo lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf /dsf ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/sf snfsf/x?n] ljljw k|:t'tLx? b]vfPsf lyP .
sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng Pl/of g+= ! sf O~rfh{ s= k|df]b / ;efkltTj Pl/of g+= # sf
O~rfh{ s= ;+uLgn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
3/b}nf] sfo{qmd ;DkGg
Pl/of g+= !
eujtL uf=h=;= df ut kmfu'g !@ b]lv !( ut] ;Dd ^ lbg] 3/b}nf] e]63f6 sfo{qmd
;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;Qf ;~rfngsf] k|s[of tyf ;+u7g ;'b[l9s/0f af/]df ;f] sfo{qmd
;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .
Pl/of ;lrj
s= k|efs/sf] sdf08df k|To]s h=j=;= df]rf{, kf6L{ ;]n, le=l;= cflbaf6 k|ltlglwTj
/x]sf] ;f] 6Ldn] Pl/ofsf ;Dk"0f{ ufp“sf 3/3/df k'uL hgtf;+usf] ;xsfo{
ug]{, hgtfaf6 ;'emfj ;+sng ug]{, ;+u7g ;'b[9 / lj:tf/ ug]{, ;Qf ;~rfngsf af/]df
k|lzlIft ug]{ cflb sfo{ ePsf] s'/f xfd|f ;Djfbbftfn] hgfPsf 5g\ .
o;k|sf/sf]
3/b}nf] sfo{qmd Pl/of g+= # vug]sf]6 uf=h=;=df klg ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . 3/b}nf]
sfo{qmddf hgtfn] dxTjk"0f{ ;'emfjx? lbPsf], sfo{qmd ;fgbf/ ;DkGg ePsf]
s'/f ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf] 5 . cleofgn] ;dfhdf ePsf ljs[t s[ofsnfknfO{ x6fpg ;kmn
/x]sf] / dgf]/~hgsf ljifodf cfjZos ;do tflnsf agfPsf] s'/f klg pNn]v ul/Psf] 5
.
>4f~hnL ;efx?
dxfg\
hgo'4sf qmddf zxfbt k|fKt ug]{ b]ze/sf ;Dk"0f{ ;lxbx?sf] ;Ddfgdf lhNnfsf
ljleGg Pl/ofx?df >4f~hnL ;efx? ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . Pl/of g+= $ / % sf]
>4f~hnL ;ef % g+= Pl/ofsf] sflndf6L ahf/df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . Jofks hgtfsf]
pkl:yltdf ;DkGg ;f] ;efsf] cltly df]8]n lhNnf ;b:os s= d08nn] ;efsf] p2]Zo /
dxTj dfly k|sfz kfg'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf
cleofg ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/sf cWoIf s= /fh', jlnbfg ;+3sf cWoIf ltns /fjt, dlxnf
If]qLo ;b:o kfj{tL yfkfn] klg cf–cfkm\gf] dGtAo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . pQm
sfo{qmddf ;lxb kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?n] cfkm\gf ;Gtfgx?sf] /ut v]/ hfg glbg
cfkm"x?n] af“sL cw'/f] ;kgf k'/f ug{ sl6j4 /x]sf] hgfPsf lyP . pQm sfo{qmd
s= k|j]zsf] ;efklTj / s= lzv/ yfkfn] ;~rfng ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L k|fKt
;dfrf/ cg';f/ vu]gsf]6 uf=h=;=sf] dgdO{df klg >4f~hnL ;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
;f] ;efdf
;lxb s= Zofd -u+ufaxfb'/ lj=s=_sf a'jf dgaxfb'/ lj=s=n] ;lxbsf] ;kgf /f]P/ k'/f
x'b}g a? pgLx?sf] emf]nf / aGb's af]Sg xfdL ;a} kl/jf/ nfUg' k5{ eGg' x'“b}
;efnfO{ efjljef]/ agfpg' ePsf] lyof] . pxf“n] cfkm\gf Ps 5f]/f ;]gfdf / csf]{
5f]/f snfsf/df uPsf 5g\ . d pd]/n] a'9f] ePklg ljrf/n] a'9f] ePsf] 5}g To;}n]
d}n]klg ;s]sf] sfd ug{ x/bd tof/ 5' eGbf ;efxn tflnn] u8u8fx6 ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf
cltly l8=l;=Pd= s= d08n, Pl/of O~rfh{ s= ;+uLg cflb x'g'x'GYof] . pQm ;ef
;+rfng s= gL/hn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] ;efkltTj s= ;Gb]zn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;efnfO{ blnt k|ltlglw lj/]Gb|/fh ;'gf/, /dfsf ;f+:s[lts 6Ldsf lx/faxfb'/ la=s=,
alnbfg ;+3sf ltns /fjt / s= /fh' klg x'g'x'GYof] .
;+rfns ;ldlt u7g
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL
nfO{ ljsf; lj/f]wL, cftÍsf/L cflb cf/f]k nufpg] k|lts[ofjfbL ;Qf / To;sf 9f]s]
rDr], Pj+ h'7f]k'/f]df /dfPsfx?n] cfwf/IF]qdf hfg'k5{ eGg] ;Gb]z clxn]
cfwf/IF]qn] lbPsf] 5 .
k'/fgf]
;Qfsf ljefu / sfof{nox? clxn] gf]s/zfxx?sf hLljsf]kfh{g / e|i6frf/sf ;fwg afx]s
c? s]xL 5}gg\ eGg] k'li6 t ePs} 5 . df]8]n l:yt vu]gsf]6sf] x]=kf]= To:t} Ps
gd"gf xf] . t/, clxn] pQm x]Nykf]i6nfO{ Jojl:yt / ;'rf??kn] ;~rfng ug{
Pp6f jf]8{ u7g ul/Psf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
ut kmfu'g @)
ut] uf=h=;= :t/Lo a[xt hge]nf u/L pQm x]=kf]= ;~rfng ug{ Aoj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g
ul/Psf] 5 . uf=h=;= k|d'v gf/fo0f vqLsf] cWoIftfdf ( ;b:oLo Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g
ul/Psf] 5 . h;sf] ;b:o ;lrjdf x]=kf]= O~rfh{ cf]d ;'gf/ /xg' ePsf] 5 eg] cGo
;b:ox?df lzIfs gf/fo0f l;+x, ;dfh;]jL
df]xg ljqmd zfx, dlxnf :jod\ ;]jLsf sd{s'df/L l;+x, nIdL s'df/L rGb,
hgk|ltlglwx? /+ujL/ v8\sf, uf]ljGb lj=s= / k|;fb j:g]t /xg'ePsf] 5 .
pQm ;+rfns
;ldltn] x]=kf]= sf] nflu cfjZos ef}lts ;fwg >f]t ;+sng ug]{, cfly{s ;+sng
ug]{ / Aojl:yt Pj+ ;'ne :jf:Yo pkrf/ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ Aoj:yf ldnfpg] /x]sf] 5 .
;f]xL e]nfn]
! g+= jf=h=;=sf] k'guu{7g klg u/]sf] lyof] . gj lgjf{lrt jf=h=;= k|d'vdf
gf/fo0f rGb / ;b:ox?df lbkaxfb'/ l;+x, g/axfb'/ rGb, jL/axfb'/ k'g /x]sf 5g\ .
gjlgjf{lrt jf=h=;= k|ltlglwx?nfO{ uf=h=;= k|d'v gf/fo0f vqLn] ;ky u|x0f u/fpg'
ePsf] lyof] .
uf=h=;=clwj]zgx? ;DkGg
a'6jn÷o'4sfnLg
kl/j]zdf o'4 k|wfg x'“bf x'“b} klg cfwf/ If]qdf ;Qf ;'b[9 ub}{ ;~rfng ug'{ Tolt
g} h?/L 5 . u|fld0f If]qdf :yfgLo ;Qf l/Qmtf ePsf] t s/La ^÷& aif{ g}
k'lu;Sof] . ca hgtfnfO{ ;Qfaf6 lbg'kg]{ ;'ljwf k|bfg ug'{ cfwf/ If]qdf
dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ x'g uPsf] 5 . o;}qmddf olta]nf e]s If]q df]8]n lhNnf
cGt/utsf ;a} uf=h=;=x?df clwj]zgx? ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ .
hfh/sf]6
l:yt xfd|f ;Djfbbftf ;Ifd zfxLsf cg';f/ ljleGg ljsf; lgdf{0f ug]{ nIosf ;fy
uf=h=;= clwj]zg ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . ! nfv *) xhf/sf] aflif{s cfo–Aoo ah]6 tyf %*
a'“b] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd kfl/t ub}{ vu]gsf]6 uf=h=;= clwj]zg ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
e]/L–s0ff{nL
IF]qLo hg;/sf/ ;b:o gj/fh l;+xsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg pQm clwj]zgdf sfg'g
ljefusf lj/fh v/]n, hfh/sf]6 lh=h=;= pk–k|d'v a'l4 a:g]t, ljBfyL{ g]tf
gogaxfb'/ /fgf, kf6L{ l8=l;=Pd= s= ;Gb]z nufotn] cf–cfkm\gf ljrf/ /fVg'ePsf]
lyof] . ut r}q !# ut] ;DkGg ;f] bf];|f] clwj]zgdf uf=h=;= k|d'vn] efjL gLlt tyf
sfo{qmd k]z ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
o:t} clwj]zg
df]8]ns} lxdfn uf=h=;=df !! ut], /f]sfo uf=h=;=df !# ut], gfosjf8f uf=h=;=df !$
ut], /Ubfdf !% ut], /fkmL8f“8fdf !& ut] eujtLdf !* ut], ;Snfdf !* ut] nx“df
!( ut], 8f“8fufp“df !( ut] ;DkGg ePsf lyP .
;a}
uf=h=;=df k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:ox?sf] ztk|ltzt ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . pQm
clwj]zgx?n] hgtfsf tfTsflns ;d:of ;dfwfgsf pkfox?sf] vf]hL ug'[sf ;fy}, cfly{s,
/fhg}lts, ;f+:s[lts, ef}uf]lns, ag, ljsfz lgdf{0f, l;+rfO{ s'nf], 3/]n' pBf]u,
gfktf}nsf] Aoj:yfkg, pkef]Uo a:t'sf] d"Nodf Ps?ktf cflb dxTjk"0f{
lg0f{o lnOPsf] 5 .
Psftkm{
uf=h=;= clwj]zgx? ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ eg] csf]{ tkm{ hgtfsf] r]tgf ljsfz ub}{ clGtd
ljb|f]xsf] nflu hgfwf/ tof/ ug]{ pb]\Zon] ;~rflnt /g cleofg klg ;DkGg ePsf 5g\
. cGt/s[of sfo{qmd, k|rf/ k|;f/, ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd cflbåf/f u|Fld0f j:tLnfO{
;+3if{do agfPsf] 5 .
oxL qmddf
hfh/sf]6sf] uvf{sf]6df cGt/s[of sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . lhNnf O~rfh{ s=
kf/zd0fL, lhNnf hgkl/ifb\ pk– k|d'v 9sjL/ /fgf, g]kfnL sf+u|]; pk;efklt
g/axfb'/ zfxL nufotn] ;f] cGt/s[of sfo{qmddf dGtAo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .
/g cleofgsf]
k|rf/fTds / s[ofTds sfo{qmd /dsf ;f+:s[lts kN6gn] lhNnfsf xNrf}/, sfkfv]t,
?kfgf, s8fxNnL, nfns'Gh, ;snf, 5'ltkfNtL, cflb 7fp“df Jofks hg;d'bfosf aLr
;DkGg u/]sf 5g\ .
o:t} k|fKt
Ps csf]{ ;dfrf/ cg';f/ ljz]if Pl/ofsf] nfns'Gh l:yt afn ;+/If0f s]Gb| / ;f]
Pl/ofsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfnosf lzIfs ljBfyL{ aLr df]8]n IF]qdf afnaflnsfsf]
e"ldsf ljifodf cGt/s[of sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmdsf cltly l8=l;=Pd=
s= >dhLjLn] ;f] sfo{qmddf kf6L{sf] ljrf/ / o'jf, afnjflnsfx?sf] st{Jo jf]w
af/] :ki6 kfg'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf DofUbL / ef]hk'/ sfjf{xLsf] ;kmntfsf]
pT;j klg dgfOPsf] lyof] .
otf hfh/sf]6
lhNnfdf ;a} blnt ju{ Psh'6 eO{ cfd"n kl/jt{gdf ;xeflu agf}+ eGg] gf/fsf
;fy blnt k|lt/f]w cleofg ;~rfng u/]sf 5g\ .
;'v]{tsf va/x?
;'v]{t l:yt xfd|f ;Djfbbftf k|zfGt l;DtfnL / x/L ufp“n]n]
k7fPsf ;dfrf/ cg';f/ ;'v]{tsf df]8]n Pl/ofsf ;a} uf=h=;=x?sf hgtfn]
1fg]Gb|±kf/;sf k'Tnf hnfPsf 5g\ . k/Dkf/ut ;+:sf/ cg';f/ k'TnfnfO{ af“;df
af]s]/ pN6f] afhf / ;+v ahfp“b} gf/f nufpb} 8f“8fdf nu]/ lrtfdf 1fg]–kf/;]sf
k'Tnf /fvL hnfOPsf] 5 . x/]s uf=h=;=sf xhf/f}+ hgtf h'n'; ;lxt dnfdL uPsf lyP .
k'Tnf hnfO{ ;s]kl5 xhf/f}+ hg;d'bfo aLr ;DkGg ;efdf xTof/f]
1fg]Gb±kf/;sf kmfl;jfbL s[ofsnfksf] e08fkmf]/ ub}{ ljb|f]xdf hgtf pqg pb\3f]if
ub}{ kf6L{ l8=l;=Pd=x?n] dGtAo /fv]sf lyP . g]kfnaGbsf] l;nl;nfdf ul/Psf]
hg;+3if{sf] sfo{qmd cGt/ut r}q !# ut] ;f] sfo{qmd ul/Psf] lyof] .
o:t} k|fKt Ps cs]f{ ;dfrf/
cg';f/ ;'v]{t sfkmnsf]6 uf=h=;=df c=g]=h=;f+=;+3 ;'v]{tsf] cfof]hgfdf ;f+:s[lts
k|lt/f]w cleofgsf] pb\3f6g ut r}q ^ ut] ;+3sf IF]qLo cWoIf g/]Gb|h+u kL6/n] Ps
;df/f]xsf aLr pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] lyof] . b'O{ dlxgf;Dd ;~rfng ul/g] pQm cleofg
sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng lhNnf ;lrj nf]s]Gb| /fgfn] / ;efkltTj pkfWoIf v]u]Gb| /fgfn]
ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
hgtfnfO{ /fhg}lts ?kdf
k|lzlIft ug]{ klxnf] dfWodsf] ?kdf /x]sf] ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdn] hgtfsf r]tgf
p7fpg] dxTjsf ;fy cleofg n}hfg' kg]{ /fo ;Djf]wgsf qmddf jQmfx?n] /fVg'ePsf]
lyof] .
o;}aLr IF]qLo cWoIf g/]Gb|h+u
kL6/n] ;f+:s[lts k|lt/f]w lbjzsf] pknIfdf Ps lj1KtL k|sflzt u/L k|ltufdL
;+:s[ltsf lj?4 ;a} tx / tKsfsf hgtf ;+u7Lt x'g'kg]{ s'/f hgfpg' ePsf] 5 .
jQmJodf zx/ ahf/sf 5f8f Pj+ gUg kq–klqsf, le=l8=cf]=, l;=l8=sf k|sfzg / ljt/0f
ug{ /f]s nufpg' kg]{ / 5f8f klZrdf lkmNdx? k|bz{g gug{ ;d]t ckLn ug'ePsf] 5 .
;'/fsLsf] 3/ sAhf
8]9 aif{ cufl8 hgd'lQm ;]gfdf elt{ eO{ xfn} k|lts[ofjfbL ;]gf
;fd' cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf ;'v]{t g]6f lgjf;L lx/] ;fsL{sf] 3/ sAhf ul/Psf] 5 . gLh
lx/] ;fsL{n] hgd'lQm ;]gfdf /x“bf Toxf“sf va/ 3/df k'¥ofpg] / 3/sf kl/jf/n]
;]gfdf k'¥ofp“b} cfpg] u/]sf lyP . o'4 emg\ emg\ rls{b}+ hfg yfn]kl5 zfxL
xTof/f ;fd" cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf] gf6s u/L dfcf]jfbLsf] ;'/fsL ug]{ sfo{df
p;sf ;a} kl/jf/ ;+nUg /x]sf lyP .
3/sf ;a} kl/jf/ hg;Qfdf cfO{ cfTdfnf]rgf u/L hgtf;+u ;fj{hlgs
dflkm dfu]df sAhf u/]sf] ;DklQ lkmtf{ ul/g] s'/f ;f] If]qsf] Pl/of kf6L{n]
atfPsf] 5 .
x'Dnfsf hgtf ;a} df]]rf{df
cufl8
x'Dnf -l;ldsf]6_÷ x'Dnf lhNnf
k|lts[ofjfbL ;Qfaf6 pk]lIft lhNnf xf] . nfdf afx'No of] lhNnf zlbof}+ b]lv
pTkLl8t / pk]lIft /x]sf] 5 . @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] b'lgof cTofw'lgs o'udf k'Ubf ;Dd
klg o; lhNnfsf clwsf+z hgtfn] cfw'lgs oftfoftsf] ;fwg ;fOlsnsf] ;d]t cg'xf/
b]Vg gkfPsfx? clxn] lh=lk=Pd=hL= h:tf pRr xltof/ v]nfpg] ePsf 5g\ .
olta]nf x'Dnf gof“ x'gfg / o]gfg alg/x]sf] 5 . cfkm\gf sfvsf
5f]/f–5f]/L h:tf] u/L x'sf{Psf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ kmfl;i6 hNnfbx?n] lu/km\tf/ u/L
afnaRrf af]Sb} ufp“sf ;Dk"0f{ dlxnfx? ;b/d'sfd 3]/fxfnL ;]gfsf d]h/ /
l;=l8=cf]= nfO{ ;d]t dflkm dufO{ sfo{stf{ 5'6fPsf 36gf cem} k'/fgf] e};s]sf
5}gg\ . of] tfst lbg] zlQm eg]sf] qmflGtsf/L ;+u7gx? g} x'g\ . To;}n] oxf“
ljleGg h=j=;=x?sf e]nf, ;Dd]ng, cfd;ef, uf]li7, k|lzIf0f lzlj/ h:tf ultljlwn]
olta]nf x'Dnf tfltPsf] 5 . k|fs[lts ?kn] lxdfnL lhNnf lr;f] xfjfkfgL ePtfklg
hgo'4sf] t'kmfgn] lgs} u/d x'g k'u]sf] 5 .
df]8]n Pl/of hg;QfnfO{ ;b[9 / gd"gfs[t ug{sf lglDt
;j{k|ydtM hgtfnfO{ ;+ul7t / ;s[o kfg'{ h?/L x'G5 . To;}n] o; Pl/of cGt/ut
>Lgu/df dlxnf Pl/of e]nf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . e]nfn] cfd dlxnf lbbL–alxgLx?nfO{
ljb|f]xdf pqg ;fx; k}bf u/]sf], :yfgLo hg;Qf ;~rfng ug{ ;Ifd /x]sf] /
k|lts[ofjfbLx?;+u lgd{d ;+3if{ ;~rfng ug{ ;a} nfda4 x'g'kg]{ cfjZoQmf dxz';
ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng /Ltfn] / ;efkltTj s'z'dn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
kf6L{, ;]gf / h=j=;=sf k|ltlglwx?n] ;Djf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
o;}ul/ j}rfl/s sfd cGt/ut cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_sf]
cfof]hgfdf Pl/of g+= Psdf lhNnfsf ;a} ljBfyL{ / pknAw a'l4hLjL, lzIfssf]
pkl:yltdf æjt{dfg kl/l:ylt / ljBfyL{sf] bloTjÆ ljifos cGt/s[of uf]li7 ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 .
ut kmfu'g @ ut] ePsf] pQm cGt/s[of
sfo{qmddf ljBfyL{ ju{n] klg cfkm\gf z}lIfs cfGbf]ngx?nfO{ juL{o cfGbf]ng;+u}
hf]8]/ n}hfg' kg]{ cfjZoQmf dfly hf]8 lbPsf lyP . ljBfyL{ b]jL g]kfnLsf]
cWoIftf Pj+ t'n;L e08f/Lsf] ;~rfngdf ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmdnfO{ kf6L{
l8=l;=Pd=s=s?0f, ljBfyL{ lhNnf ;lrj 8anaxfb'/ dxt/f nufotn] af]s]sf lyP .
o:t} Pl/of k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_n] klg
;~rfng u/]sf] lyof] . dlxnfx?n] cfkm\gf u'd]sf clwsf/ lkmtf{ ug{ juL{o d'lQmsf]
n8fO{+df ;fd]n ePsf] tYo pQm sfo{qmddf af]Ng] jQmfx?n] /fv]sf lyP . ;+3sL l8=l;=Pd=
wgdfof /f]sfofsf] cWoIftf / Pl/of pkfWoIf tf/f zfxLsf] ;~rfngdf ePsf] ;f]
sfo{qmdnfO{ kf6L{ l8=l;=Pd=s= kLl8t, ;+3sL lhNnf cWoIf h;snf a'9f, ;lrj hosnf
9sfn nufotn] x'Dn dlxnfx?sf] ;fx; / ;f}o{sf] j0f{g ub}{ dlxnf;+3n] v]Ng' kg]{
e"ldsf af/] k|lzIf0f lbPsf lyP .
cfkm\gf Kof/f sfo{stf{x?nfO{ k|lts[ofjfbL xTof/f] ;]gfåf/f
lu/km\tf/ ul/+bf ufp“ ;a} dlxnfx? Psh'6 eP/ lhNnf k|zf;g tyf ;}Go Aof/]s 3]/f
xfnL sfo{stf{ 5'6fpg ;kmn x'DnL dlxnfx? clxn] /fhg}lts s[ofsnfkdf ;s[o 5g\ .
k'?ifx?n] 3/sf] sfddf ;xeflu x'g] / dlxnf cfGbf]ngdf nfUg] sfd ePsf] 5 –Toxf“ .
c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ x'Dnfsf] tYofÍ cg';f/, x'DnL dlxnfx? k'?if eGbf al9
;+Vofdf o'4df k|ToIf ;xefuL ePsf 5g\ eg] cGo ljleGg h=j=;=df /xL cNksfnLg sfo{
ul//x]sf 5g\ .
;lxbx? g} qmflGtsf cujf' gfos x'g\ . pgLx?sf] lgZrn
k|f0ff]T;u{n] cfGbf]ngnfO{ Ps kl5 csf]{ p“rfO{df k'¥ofpg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . t;y{
;lxbx?sf] pRr ;Ddfg ug'{ cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?sf] k|d'v bfloTj xf] . olx qmddf x'Dnf
lhNnfdf ;lxbx?sf] ;Ddfgsf vflt/ cfof]lht pgsf kl/jf/hgsf] clegGbg sfo{qmd ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 . kf6L{ l8=l;=Pd= s= k|Hhjnsf] cWoIftf / csf{ l8=l;=Pd= s= c6'6sf]
;~rfngdf cfof]lht sfo{qmddf lhNnf el/sf ;lxb kl/jf/x?nfO{ e]nf ul/ If]qLo
Ao'/f] ;b:o s= ;'zLnn] clegGbg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . cleglGbt ;lxb kl/jf/x?n]
;lxbx?sf cw'/f ;kgf k'/f ug{ cfkm'x?n] pgLx?sf emf]nf / aGb's af]Sg] k|0f u/sf
lyP .
olta]nf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] cfwf/e"t zlQmsf] ?kdf /x]sf]
hgldlnlzofsf] ;+ul7t ug]{ sfo{ tLa| kfl/Psf] 5 . hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] d'Vo kmf];{df
cfk"tL{ ug]{ tyf :yfgLo ;Qfsf] ;'/Iff k|bfg ug'{ o;sf] d'Vo e"ldsf /xg]
u/]sf] 5 . o;}qmddf df]8]n Pl/ofdf Pp6f ldlnlzof Knf6'g lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 .
ldlnlzofnfO{ cfjZos j}rfl/s tyf kmf}hL 6«]lgË klg lb/x]sf 5g\ . d'ntM ;a}
hgtfnfO{ ;z:q agfpg' g} @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] hgjfbsf] p2]Zo cg'?k klg of] sfo{nfO{
pd]/ cg';f/sf ldlnlzof u7g ug'{n] k|i6\ofPsf] 5 . lhNnf AofkL u7g ePsf ;]gfx?
Pj+ d'Vo zlQmsf] Ps sDkgLnfO{ lhNnf O~rfh{ s= ;'zLnn] j}rfl/s k|lzIf0f
lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L gd"gf ufp“ 3f]if0ff ug'{, cfwf/ IF]qnfO{ ;'b[9
ug]{ sfo{sf] Pp6f HjnGt kIf xf] eGb} Pl/of g+= @ sf] lddL uf=h=;= sf sfnvf8f,
df/djf8f / /f]sfofjf8f ufp“nfO{ gd"gfs[t ufp“ 3]fif0ff ul/Psf] 5 . pQm
gd"gf ufp“df 5'jf5'tsf] cGTo, wfld{s ?9LjfbL k/Dk/fsf] cGTo, k'/fgf]
k|sf/sf ljjfx ;+:sf/, d[To' ;+:sf/, hGd ;+:sf/ cflbsf] gof“ hgjfbLs/0fdf
?kfGt/0f ug]{ cflb nIo /x]sf] 5 . dlxnfx? dly ePsf] k/Dk/fut e]befjnfO{ x6fp“b}
k'?if / gf/L a/fj/sf] /fd|f] pbfx/0f lbg vf]lhPsf] s'/f xfd|f ;Djfbbftf k|rf/
x'DnLnfO{ dlxnf k|ltlglw hosnf 9sfnn] jtfPsL l5g\ .
hgo'4sf] ljsf;n] ubf{ k'/fgf ;f]+r / ljrf/ ePsf dfG5]nfO{
gof“df ?kfGt/0f u/]sf] dxz'; u/]sf 5g\– x'DnL hgtfn] . o'4sfnLg cj:yfs}
ultljlwn] ubf{ æx'g] lj?jfsf] lrNnf] kftÆ eg] em}+ ePsf] 5 hgo'4 / dfcf]jfbLsf]
kf6L{ gLlt .
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] gf]s/zfxL tGqsf] ?kdf /x]sf] hflu/] k]zfdf
lkog hflu/ vfPsf dfG5] uf=h=;= s} k|d'v eP/ Toxf“sf cfkm\gf k|d'vnfO{ kl/rfng
ug{ kfp“bf jf:tljs ;Qf pk]lIft\ / pTkLl8t ju{df cfPsf] dxz'; u5{g\ ldld
uf=h=;=sf e"=k"= lkog wg] a'9f . pgsf] syg 5– æhgo'4n]
cfkm"x?nfO{ k'gh{Gd lbPsf] 5 . /, cfkm"h:tf u/La ju{n] ;Qf rnfpg kfp“bf jf:tljs k|hftGq ePsf]
5 .Æ
x'Dnfsf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfdfq xf]Og Toxf“ lzIfs, a'l4hLjL,
;/sf/L sfof{nosf sd{rf/L, Aofkf/L, cflb ;a}n] hgo'4sf] s'g} ljsNk g/x]sf] ljrf/
JoQm ub{5g\ . dfcf]jfbL;+u ;f“7uf“7 u/]sf] cf/f]k nufO{ tna /f]Ssf ul/lbg],
ckfos ;?jf ul/lbg], lstfa :jLs[t gug]{ h:tf sfo{af6 cfqmfGt lzIfs tyf lgDg
j]tgsf sd{rf/L eG5g\– æxfdL ufp“df 5f}+ eg] dfcf]jfbL;+u e]6 t e}xfN5 lg . e]6
ePkl5 pgLx?sf] ljrf/ ;'Gof}+ t s] lj/fof}+ < ca xfdL ;a} o'4df nfda4 x'g'k5{
.Æ
s] a'9f s] o'jf ;a}n] cfkm\gf] Ifdtf cg';f/ o'4df sfd ug'{k5{
eG5g\– uf]7L uf=h=;=sf ^% aifL{o hfgaxfb'/ zfxL . pgL eG5g\– Sof u?d t afa'
ltdL o'jf hlt aGb's ;dfpGof eof}, xfdL ltDnfO{ vfgf lbpnf . o;f] gu/L Sof ul/
qmflGt lhtf}+nf <†Æ
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ljWj+zsf/L eg]/ gyfSg] k|lts[ofjfbLx? clxn]
cfwf/ If]qdf hfg r'gf}tL lbG5g\ –x'DnLx? . x'Dnf lhNnf hg;/sf/ / ufp“ h;/sf/
olta]nf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfddf klg Tolts} ;s[o 5g\ –hlt b'Zdg;+u n8\g ;s[o 5g\ .
Ps ufp“b]lv cs]f{ ufp“ hf]8\g] uf]/]6f], 3f]8]6f] af6f]
lgdf{0f, d/dt ug]{ sfo{ xf];\ jf l;+rfO{ s'nf] lgdf{0f cyjf :jf:y /xg 3/3/df
rkL{ lgdf{0f oL ;a} sfd clxn] Jojl:yt ?kdf ;~rfng e}/x]sf 5g\ .
sflnsf / >Lgu/ uf=h=;=sf hgtf nfeflGjt x'g] u/L !% ls=ld=
sf] l;+rfO{ s'nf] lhNnf hg;/sf/sf] dftxtdf xfn} ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . o;af6 hgtfn]
dfcf]jfbL ;Qfaf6 dfq} cfkm\gf ;d:of xn x'g] /fo JoQm ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .
rkL{ lgdf{0f, kfgLsf] wf/f] jf s'jf lgdf{0f ug'{sf ;fy} hg;ef
u[x ;d]t lgdf{0f / k|To]s Pl/ofx?df !÷! j6f s/La @)) b]lv %)) ;Dd dfG5] c6fpg]
xn lgdf{0f ePsf] s'/f lh=h=;= k|d'v l5l/Ë nfdf atfpg' x'G5 . To:t} @ j6f uf=h=;=kSsL
ejg klg lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ .
hg;Qfn] hgtfsf u'gf;f ;'Gg ph'/L, ;'emfj cflb ;+sng ug{
;'emfj, ph'/L k]6Lsfx? klg k|To]s uf=h=;=df /fv]sf] 5 . To:t} ;"rgf
kf6L{x? klg 7fp“7fpdf /flvPsf 5g\ . ufp“ ufp“df ;]G6«L kf]i6 agfO hgtf :jod\ ufp“sf]
;'/Iff ug{ v6]sf 5g\ .
sfi7 pBf]u ;~rfng u/L ljleGg kmlg{r/ lgdf{0f ul/ Psflt/ ;:tf]
/ ;'ne ?kdf hgtfn] pkef]u ug{ kfPsf 5g\ eg] csf]{ tkm{ hg;Qfsf] cfo cfh{gsf]
/fd|F] >f]t ag]sf] 5 . sfi7 pBf]uaf6 y'k|} l;sdL{x? klg pTkfbg ug]{ sfd
ePsf] 5 . clxn] lhNnfdf @÷# j6f sfi7 pBf]u ;~rflnt 5g\ .
hgtf xf];\ jf sfo{stf{ pgLx? Psf]xf]/f] n8\g] le8\g] / sfd
ug]{ dfq ub}{gg\ . pgLx? dgf]/~hg klg u5{g\ . hgtf / sfo{stf{ ;+o'Qm ?kdf
v]ns'b sfo{qmd u/L :jf:Yosf nflu v]ns'bsf] dfGotfnfO{ pkof]u u/]sf 5g\ .
ut kmfu'g @# b]lv @^ ut] ;Dd $ lbg] lhNnf :t/Lo v]ns'b
k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 . x'Dnf lh=h=;=sf] cfof]hgfdf ;DkGg ;f]
k|ltof]lutfdf lhNnfel/sf df=lj=, ufp“ OsfO{x? Pj+ kf6L{ / h=a=;= sf] cToflws
;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmddf dlxnf tyf k'?if elnjn, xflh/L hjfkm,
b]p8f k|ltof]lutf, ;6{km"6, h:tf sfo{qmdsf ;fy} ;f+:s[lts Pj+ ;f+lults
sfo{qmd klg k|:t't ePsf lyP .
lh=h=;= ;b:o uf]ljGb zfxLsf] ;~rfng tyf pk–k|d'v ;'/jL/
P]8Lsf] ;efkltTjdf ;~rflnt ;f] k|ltof]lutfTds sfo{qmddf lhNnf O~rfh{ s= ;'zLn,
e]/L–s0ff{nL IF]qLo :jfoQ hg;/sf/ ;b:o Pj+ nfdf d'lQm df]rf{ ;+of]hs ;f]gfd
UofNh]g nfdf cflbn] ;Djf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . s/La $ xhf/ eGbf a9L hgtfsf]
;xeflutf ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmdn] hgtfnfO{ w]/} pT;flxt agfPsf] 5 .
kf6L{ :s'lnË ;~rfng\, :jf:YosdL{x? pTkfbg ug]{ p2]Zon] :jf:Yo
tlnd ;~rfng, snf ;flxTosf] pTyfg ug]{ of]hgf cg'?k snfs]Gb|sf] lgdf{0f cflb
sfo{qmdx?n] x'Dnf lhNnf cfwf/ If]qdf ;d[4 aGb} hfg yfn]sf] 5 .
;lxb a'jf, ;a}sf cfb/0fLo
a'jf
;'v]{t÷ dxfg\ ;lxb lty{
uf}tdsf a'afsf] qmflGtk|ltsf] dfof, l;Gw'nLsf dxfg\ cfdfx?sf] ljhok|lt cfzf,
yjfªsf] hgo'4k|ltsf] lgi7f / ljZjf; Ps ;fy lnP/ nl8/x]sf 5g\– ;d/ a'jf cyf{t
dfgaxfb'/ jnL . ;lxb a'jf dfgaxfb'/ jnL ^* aif{sf] psfnf]df klg !^ aif]{
hf]z / hf“u/ lnP/ slxn] u08s, slxn] ;]tL–dxfsfnLsf] ofqf ul//x]sf 5g\ .
;d/ a'jfsf] kl/ro ;lxb a'jf, Ps j[4 /fhgLlts sfo{stf{, ;Nnfxsf/ hg;QFsf
k|ltlglw, jlnbfgsf ofqL, lgi7f ;dk{0fsf] p“rf] gfdsf] ?kdf lbg ;lsG5 . ;d/
a'jfsf] s[ofzLntf b]v]/ ufp“3/sf ;a} a'9fkfsfx? b+u kb{5g\ .
;lxb /fh' -Zofdk|;fb jnL_ sf a'jf ;d/ a'jfn] ^& aif{sf]
ofqf;Dd ljleGg /fhgLltsf] cg'e"lt a6'n]sf 5g\ . lj=;+= @)!( ;fndf
h]gf uf=h=;= ;'v]{tsf] pk–k|wfgk~r, )@^–)#^ ;Dd uf=lj=;= ;lrj, )#^–)$^ ;Dd
;fwf/0f ls;fg eO{ kfgL ldnsf] ;+rfng, )$^ af6 Pdfn] uf=h=;= ;b:o x'b} )%% ;fndf
ljb|f]x u/L g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] k"0f{sfnLg ePsf ;d/ a'jf ;fRrLs} 7fn'
enfbdL km6fxfx?sf] /fhgLltaf6 hgtfsf] /fhgLltsf] hg;d/;Dd cfOk'Ug' ePsf]
5 .
lj=;+=)%% ;fnaf6 hgtfsf] lglDt pd]/ a'9f] ePklg qmflGtsf]
dxfg\ ofqfdf emf]nf af]s]/ lx8] otf s0ff{nL hg xft]dfnf] cleofgdf h'Dnf
sfnLsf]6, b}n]v, hfh/sf]6sf] ofqf, cu|ufdL sbd cleofgdf /f]Nkf, ?s'd, ;Nofg,
bfªsf] ofqf, hgk|lt/f]w cleofgdf u08s, DofUbL nufotsf lhNnfx?sf] ofqfaf6 y'k|}
cg'e"ltx?n] ;lxb a'jf ;d[4 x'g'ePsf] 5 . ;lxb a'jf ;d/nfO{ u08ssf]
hg;d'bfo ljb|f]xL / /f]Nkf ?s'dsf] hg;d'bfo qmflGtk|lt k|lta4 ePsf] nfU5 .
;lxb a'jf ;d/ a'jfnfO{ cjnlrªsf] c;kmn 5fkfdf/ sfjf{xL nufotsf ;]jf]6]h cGo
sfo{x?df ;xefuL x'g] k|z:t cj;/ ldn]sf 5g\ . j[4 cj:yfdf klg qmflGtsf]
lglDt b]z / b'lgofsf] nflu n8\g kfPsf]df ;d/ a'jfnfO{ uj{ nfu]sf] 5 .
k|lts[ofjfbL /fHo;QFn] cl3Nnf] aftf{ ljyf]n]kl5 )%* d+l;/ *
ut] hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnn] bfª, 3f]/fxL, :ofª\hf dfly Ps;fy ;kmn sfjf{xL u/]sf]
lyof] . bfª 3f]/fxLsf] sfjf{xLkl5 ;Nofgsf] rfVn] 3f6sf] le8Gtdf hgd'lQm
;]gfsf h'emf? of]4f tyf ;d/ a'jfsf 5f]/f ;lxb Zofdk|;fb cf]nL -/fh'_n] zxfbt
k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;lxb /fh'sf] zxfbtnfO{ s;/L lng' ePsf] 5 eg]/
;f]4f ;lxb a'jf ;d/ a'jfn] æ5f]/f dg'{ eg]sf] pRr alnbfg xf] .p;sf] d[To'
;fd"lxs :jfy{sf] nflu xf] . Tof] uf}/jzfnL d[To' xf] .
Tof] d[To'n] dnfO{ zf]sdf 8'jfPg . 5f]/fsf] af6f]df a? lg/Gt/ lx8\g' kg]{
s'/fdf d}n] s~h':ofO{ u/]sf] 5}gÆ eGg'eof] . ;d/ a'jf kl/jf/sf]
;fd'lxsLs/0f÷qmflGtsf/Ls/0fsf Ps cfbz{ x'g\ . hDdf !( hgfsf] kl/jf/df tLg
5f]/f, @ 5f]/L, @ a'xf/L, ! a'9fa'9L -;d/ a'jf / cfdf_ o'4df ;dflxt 5g\ .
ljBfnodf k9\g] / ;fgf aRrf aRrL tyf ltgsf] x]/rfxstf{ dfq 3/df a;]sf 5g\ .
pgLx? klg qmflGtnfO{ lg/Gt/ cfkm\gf] 7fp“af6 ;xof]u ul//x]sf 5g\ .
DofUbLsf] sfjf{xLdf km]/L ;d/ a'jfsf] d'6'sf] 6'qmf tyf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] hf]bfxf
ljzfnn] zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] 5 .
cfbz{,
gd"gf, ;a}sf] cfb/0fLo a'jf ;d/nfO{ s;}n] klg sd/]8 eGb}gg\ ;a}n] a'jf g}
eg]/ ;Daf]wg ub{5g\ . ;d/ a'jf hgo'4sf] d}bfgdf k|r08kysf lxdfotL
5g\ . ;d/ a'jfnfO{ /fhtGqsf] cGTo / u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf clgjfo{ ag]sf] dxz';
eO;s]sf] 5 . a'9f] zl// ePsfn] r:dfsf] ;xfotfn] x]g]{ / n¶Lsf] ;xfotfn] lx8\g]
ul//x]sf ;d/ a'jfnfO{ psfnL cf]/fnL ubf{ b'Mvsf] abnf uj{ nfU5 / eG5g\–
æb'Mvsf] cGTosf lglDt ul/Psf] b'Mv t ;'v g} xf] .Æ
;lxb a'jf
;d/ a'jf clxn] ;o'Qm lhNnf hg;ldlt ;'v]{tsf] ;b:o tyf hg :jf:Yo ljefusf] k|d'v
x'g'x'G5 . ;fy} g]kfn sDo''lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ ;'v]{t lhNnf ;+u7g
;ldltsf] ;Nnxfsf/ eP/ sfd ul//xg' ePsf] 5 . hg;Qfdf ^& aif{sf] pd]/df
;xefuL eP/ rf/ nfv ;'v]{tL hgtfsf] æ;a}sf nflu :jf:YoÆ eGg] cfwf/e"t hg:jf:Yosf]
ljsf;, lj:tf/ ug]{ dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ef/ kfPsf]df v'zL ;lxb a'jf sfdsf]
lhDdfnfO{ r'gf}tLsf ?kdf klg u|x0f ug'{x'G5 . h:tf;'s} r'gf}tLx? klg kf6L{
qmflGtsf] of]hgfdf g} xn x'g] ;lxb a'jfsf] ljZjf; 5 . ;lxb a'jfsf] Pp6 dfq
cfzf lhjge/L ca 5f]/fsf] af6f]df lx8\g kfpg' /x]sf] 5 . 5f]/fx?sf] af6f]df
lx8]/ dg{ kfP kl5 cfkm' cfgGbLt x'g] ;lxb a'jfsf] Wo]o cjZo klg k'/f x'g] g}
5 . k9\bf / a'em\bf ;lxb a'jf s'g} pkrf/sf] gfos eGbf sd 5}gg\ .
zx/df a;]/ lbefuL s;/t ug]{x?sf lglDt ;lxb ;d/ a'jf r'gf}tL x'g\ eg] o'4sf
ofqLx?sf nflu k|]/0ff dfq x'g\ . ;lxb a'jf ;d/ a'jf hgo'4sf cfb/0fLo a'jf
x'g\ .
–/fhaxfb'/ s'“j/
ls;fg / dlxnfsf ;ef ;DkGg
s}nfnL ÷alb{of±s}nfnL
lhNnfsf] clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ n] ut r}q !# ut] alb{of If]qsf] e+j/f6fk'sf]
u0f]zk'/df ljzfn ls;fg ¥ofnL ;DkGg u/]sf] ;dfrf/ 5 . ljleGg k|sf/sf kmf}hL
ultljlwdf ;d]t cu|df]rf{df /x]sf] s}nfnL lhNnfdf ls;fgx? ;d]t cfkm\gf 3/]n'
cf}hf/ ;lxt ljb|f]xdf pqg] tof/L ul//x]sf 5g\ .
sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng ;+3sf ;lrj wgs'df/ 9sfnn] ug'[ePsf] lyof]
eg] ;efkltTj lhNnf pkfWoIf k/z'/fd rf}w/Ln] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf
pkl:yt ls;fgx? cfkm\gf xs clwsf/ lng clGtd ljb|f]xdf ;fd]n x'g cft'/ ePsf] efj
kf]v]sf lyP .
o;}u/L k|fKt csf]{ Ps ;dfrf/ cg';f/ s}nfnL lhNnf cGt/utsf
Pl/of g+= # df ut r}q ( ut] ls;fg e]nf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . Pl/ofaf6 cToflws
pkl:ylt /x]sf] ;f] e]nfnfO{ kf6L{ l8=l;=Pd= s=lzlz/, ls;fg cWoIf h'uf/fd
rf}w/L, ljBfyL{ k|ltlglw k/z'/fd rf}w/L, dlxnf k|ltlglw /fhs'df/L rf}w/L cflbn]
;Djf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . lhNnfWoIf h'uf/fd rf}w/Ln] aGbzqdf ls;fgx?n]
efjL ljb|f]xdf v]Ng' kg]{ e"ldsfaf/] k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
e]nfn] 6Lsf/fd rf}w/Lsf] cWoIftfdf !% ;b:oLo Pl/of ;ldlt
lgjf{rg u/]sf] 5 . h;df pkfWoIf eflu/y e08f/L, ;lrj hut zfxL, sf]iffWoIf
>Ls[i0f rf}w/L / ;b:ox?df /Ltf rf}w/L, lztnbfz rf}w/L, df]xg rf}w/L,
ledaxfb'/ rf}w/L, hUu'nfn rf}w/L, pdf rf}w/L, s[i0f rf}w/L, /fdk|;fb ;'j]bL,
e'8] jnL /xg' ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng hut zfxL / ;efkltTj l6sf/fd
rf}w/Ln] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf k|ltlglw ko{j]Ifs u/L sl/a !)) hgf /x]sf
lyP .
xfdLnfO{ k|fKt yk csf]{ ;dfrf/ cg';f/ ut r}q !ut] ;f]xL
Pl/ofdf yf?jfg /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{ tyf r}q !! ut] dlxnf ;+3sf Pl/of e]nfx?
;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . e]nfn] /fhs'df/L rF}w/Lsf] cWoIftfdf !# ;b:oLo c=g]=d=;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_sf] Pl/of ;ldlt lgjf{rg u/]sf] 5 . To:t} sdnf rf}w/Lsf]
cWoIftfdf !# ;b:o /xg] ul/ yf=/f=d'=df]= sf] Pl/of ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 .
b'j} sfo{qmdx?df kf6L{, / ljleGg h=j=;=sf lhNnf k|ltlglwx?n] ;Djf]wg ug'[ePsf]
lyof] .
.
;+u7g lj:tf/ cleofg ;DkGg
;'v]{t÷ cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltåf/f
;+rfng ul/Psf] # dlxg] sdn–kl;Gb| ;+u7g lj:tf/ ;'b[l9s/0f cleofg olQa]nf
e]/L–s0ff{nL If]qsf] ;'v]{t lhNnfdf cToGt} 3lge"t / eJotd\ 9+un] ;+rfng
eO/x]sf] 5 .
æb/afl/of zfxL kmfl;jfbsf] k|lt/f]w u/f}+ †
u0ftGqsf] kIfdf b[9tfk"j{s cl3 a9f}+ ††Æ
eGg] d'n gf/fsf ;fy ;+rflnt
pQm cleofgnfO{ ;'v]{t lhNnfsf] ;fk]Iftfdf k"jL{, klZrd, / EofnL ul/ tLg
sdf08df ;+rfng ul/Psf] 5 . cleofgn] ;'Dk]sf P]ltxfl;s cleef/fx?nfO{ k"/f
ug{sf nflu pQm cleofg l6d Aofks ;+u7g lj:tf/, kl/rfng / ;'b[l9s/0fsf] k|s[ofdf
sDd/ s;]/ nflu k/]sf] 5 . cleofgsf] k|f/lDes r/0fdf ev{/} ;DkGg !%cf}+ lhNnf
;Dd]ngsf] ;Gb]z, cleofgsf] nIo, p2]Zo, of]hgf tyf k|rf/–k|;f/ Jofks ;+u7g
lj:tf/ æu0ftGq / ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng ljifodf cGt/s[of ;fy} ;+3if{sf] sfo{nfO{
hf]l8Psf] 5 eg] bf];|f] r/0fdf af“sL /x]sf ;a} k|s[ofnfO{ k'/fub}{ ;a} Pl/ofdf
e]nf÷k|lzIf0f / cGtdf ;ldIff sfo{qmd ;lxt lhNnf k|lzIf0fsf] to ul/Psf] 5 . s]xL
k|fljlws sl7gfO{sf aLraf6 klg cleofg cfkm\gf of]hgfdf xfn;Dd ;kmn /x]sf] 5 .
b]z}el/ ;+rflnt ;f] cleofgn] k'/fgf ;Qfsf hfnh]n /
if8\oGqnfO{ kbf{kmf; / rsgfr'/ kf/]sf] 5, eg] zflGt / k|ultsf vf]qmf cf8Da/
5f“6\g] -kl/jt{g / zflGtsf hk hKg] t/ Aojxf/df pqg 8/fpg]_ cGo k|lts[ofafbL
ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf d'vdf a'emf] nufOlbPsf] 5 . ;fy} b]zeQm / qmflGtsf/L /
cfd"nkl/jt{gsf jf:tljs kIfw/ o'jf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ of] cleofgn] ;+ul7t
uf]naGb / k|lzlIft kf/]sf] 5 . ;fy} cfufdL ljb|f]xsf] Pp6f cfwf/lznf tof/
u/]sf] 5 . cleofgsf] ofqfs} qmddf ljleGg 7fp“df hge]nf sfo{qmd klg ;DkGg ePsf
5g\ .
o;}qmddf ut r}q * ut] cfbz{ df=lj= d]x]nLdf Pp6f hge]nf
sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ lhNnf ;ldlt ;'v]{tsf cWoIf
k"0f{axfb'/ ;'j]bLn] cleofgsf of]hgf, ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng / ;d;fdlos
kl/l:yltdf cfkm\gf wf/0ffx? k|:t't ub}{ ;Dk"0f{ lzIfs, ljBfyL{ /
hg;d'bfonfO{ :ki6 kfg'{ePsf] lyof] . ;fy} jxf“n] sdn–kl;Gb| ;+u7g lj:tf/
;'b[l9s/0f cleofgn] ;'v]{tL qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdf gof“ cfofd yKg] /
eAotd 9+un] cleofg ;kmn x'g] s'/f atfpg' ePsf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng
u+uf/fd ltldN;]gfn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
u+uf/fd ltldN;]gfaf6
1fg]Gb|sf] k'Tnfdfly
u'n]nLsf] lgzfgf
3'O{ofaf/L -;Nofg_ k|lbk
s]=;L=
l9nf]u/L k|fKt va/ cg';f/ ut r}q @) ut] 1fg]Gb| zfxLn] klZrd
AofkL slyt clegGbgsf] gf6s ub}{ k+r¥ofnLx?df ;xefuL alg/x]sf] a]nf ljz]if lhNnf
;+u7g sfk|]rf}/ uf=h=; sf hgtfn] 1fg]Gb|sf] k'Tnf agfO{ lgzfgL k|ltof]lutf
;DkGg u/]sf 5g\ . %÷% hgfsf] % j6f l6dx? k|lt:kwL{ ag]sf] sfo{qmddf !%) hgfsf]
;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . lglZrt b'/L lgwf{/0f u/L 6fpsf], 5ftL / v'§fdf
xfGg]nfO{ qmdzM k|yd lålto / t[tLosf] ;fdfGo k'/:sf/ ljt/0f # g+= Pl/of ;qm]6/L
s= lgdf{0fn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
s[lif ljsf; a}+s tflnd s]Gb| sAhf
sf]xnk'/
-af“s]_÷ut r}q @^ ut] ls;fg ldlnl;ofåf/f dWo klZrdf~rn s[lif{ ljsf; a}+s tflnd
s]Gb|df ;]jf]6]h u/L Toxf“ ePsf sDKo'6/, kmf]6f]skL, km\ofS; d]zLg nufotsf
dxTjk"0f{ ;fdu|Lx? sAhf ul/Psf] 5 eg] Toxf“ l:yt cGo ;fdu|Lx? cfuf] nufO{
hnfO{Psf] / Ps b'O{tn] kSsL ejg dfO{gåf/f Wj:t kfl/Psf] 5 . ;f] a}+s ls;fgx?sf]
n'6sf] dfWod ePsf]n] sf/jfxL ul/Psf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
k'ln;n] 1fg]Gb|sf] k'Tnf hnfof]
sf]xnk'/÷ 1fg]Gb| zfxLsf] kf]v/fsf] slyt clegGbgs} cj;/ kf/L dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf sfo{stf{x?åf/f sf]xnk'/sf] rk/uf}8Ldf 1fg]Gb|sf] k'TnfnfO{ kmf“;L lbP/ em'08\ofO{Psf] k'TnfnfO{ efl]nkN6 laxfg O=k|=sf= sf]xnk'/af6 cfPsf k|x/Lx?n] cToGt ;fjwfgLk"j{s lems]/ cfuf] nufO{ ;f]xL :yndf hnfPsf lyP . To;}u/L vf; s'Zdf uf=h=;= s';'d ahf/ glhs} em'08fO{Psf] 1fg]Gb| zfxLsf] k'TnfnfO{ klg z;:q k|x/Lx?n] cfuf] nufO{ hnfO{ lbPsf lyP . Tof] b[ZonfO{ k|ToIf x]l//x]sf hgtfn] æc?n] k'Tnf hnfp“bf y'Gg], lk6\g] / uf]nL xfGg] t/ cfh pgs} ;'/IffsdL{n] k'Tnf hfnfPÆ eGb} Aofª\Uo u/]sf lyP .
:d/0fLo 5
ljz]if lhNnf leqsf …Ps jf8{–Ps k'Tnf hnfpg]Ú sfo{qmd cyf{t htftt} k'Tnf hnfpg],
k'Tnf em'08\ofpg] sfd eO{/x]sf] 5 . o;}aLr sfNr] uf=h=;= sf] afn'jfdf ;of}+
hgtfn] pN6f] z+v ahfpb} 1fg]Gb|sf] k'Tnf af]s]/ hgtfx? bfx;+:sf/ ug{ dnfdL uPsf
lyP .
To:t}
3'Oofaf/Lsf @ ;o hgtfn] 1fg]Gb| zfxLsf] k'TnfnfO{ aaO{ gbLdf nu]/ ut r}q @( ut]
bfx;+:sf/ u/]sf lyP .
;lxb :d[lt :tDe pb\3f6g
a}hfk'/
-af“s]_÷ hgo'4df zxfbt k|fKt ug]{ dxfg\ cd/ ;lxbx?sf] :d[ltdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf]
l;d]G6 ul/Psf] kSsL ;lxb:d[lt :tDesf] Ps sfo{qmdsf aLr lhNnf OGrfh{ s= ahL/n]
ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . pb\3f6gsf] qmddf s= ahL/n] ælazfn u|fdL0f Onfsf hg;Qfsf]
ks8df, zx/ / ;b/d'sfdx? ;+;bjfbLx?sf] k|efjdf /x]sf]n] ca ;fdGtL /fhtGq zfxL
;]gfsf] sf“8]tf/ leq dfq} l;ldt /x]sf]Æn] /fhtGqsf] ljgf; glhs} cfPsf] wf/0ff
/fVg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng s= ljZjf;, ;efkltTj s= kfj]n / cGo
jQmfx?df c=g]=d= ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ lh=;= pkfWoIf /]0f'sf v8\sf, ;lxb s= lgdk|;fb
rf}w/L -lbk]Gb|_sf efO{ ;'/hn] klg dGtAo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;Ldf
hg;f“:s[lts kl/jf/n] /f]rs k|:t'tL /fv]sf] lyof] .
;}Gos[t dlxnf hgldlnl;ofsf] a[xb dfr{kf;
ltns lh=Pd=
Ko"7fg
-ljh'jf/_÷ ljz]if If]qsf] cfof]hgfdf ;+rflnt @ dlxg] ljz]if hg;}Go cleofg
cGt/ut Ko'7fgdf cleofg leq etL{ ePsf / s]xL k'/fgf ul/ Ps sDklg ;}Gos[t dlxnf
hgldlnl;ofn] ut kmfu'g @@ ut] nfdf] dfr{ kf; u/] . xftdf n¶L, kfrs'g] /ftf]
tf/f c+lst 6f]kL / xl/of] 8«]; nufPsf pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] dfr{ kf; OGb|] 8f“8faf6
lhNnfs} ;aeGbf 7'nf] ;b/d'sfdsf] Ps lsnf]ld6/ glhs /x]sf] ljh'jf/ ahf/, Toxf“af6
h'ld|l9s a;kfs{ ;Dd sl/a !% ;o ld6/ nfdf] b'/Ldf dfr{kf; u/]sf yP . nfdf]
sldnfsf] tf“tL em} ag]sf] kmd]{zg ljh'jf/ ahf/df k|j]z ubf{ jl/kl/ em'lDdPsf
xhf/f}+ hg;d'bfonfO{ :jfutfy{ ;}Go kmd]{zgn] ;nfdL 7f]s]sf lyP . hg;d'bfox?n]
klg tfnL ahfP/ :jfut u/] . ljh'jf/sf Aofkf/L g/]z >]i7n] xQkQ lh1f;f /fv]– s] xf] < of] nDa] cleofg z'?
ePsf] t xf]Og < o:tf] lh1f;f w]/}n] /fv] . lsgsL o; dfr{kf;df b]lvPsf]
gljgtf, b[9tf / ljzfn kmd]{zgn] rLgdf dfcf]n] ;+rfng u/]sf] nDa] cleofgsf]
ememNsf] ;a}nfO{ cfPsf] cg'e"lt u/fPsf] lyof] .
dfr{kf;
h'ld|l9s a;kfs{df k'u]kl5 sf]0f ;efdf kl/0ft eof] . ;f] ;}Go bnsf sdf08/ tyf
c=g]=d= ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sL Ko'7fgsf cWoIf sNkgf lu/Ln] pkl:yt hg;d'bfonfO{
;Djf]wg ug'{eof] . cfwf 306fsf] cfkm\gf] ;Djf]wgsf qmddf cWoIf lu/Ln] lg0f{os
n8fO{sf nflu ;a} ;}Gos[t x'g'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'eof] . jxf“sf] syg lyof]–
xfdL cfkm\gf] d'lQmsf] lglDt ca cfkm} hgd'lQm ;]gf ag]/ n8\g' kg]{ ePsf] 5 .Æ
nftsf] e'tn]
jftn] gdfg]sf] atfpb} jxf“n] cufl8 eGg'eof]–ælnËLo d'lQmsf] lglDt juL{o
n8fO{nfO{ g}lts ;dy{g u/]/ gx'g] eof] .Æ oxLsf/0fn] kf6L{n] ;+rfng u/]sf]
hg;}Go cleofgdf nfda4 eP/ lg/+s'z ;Qfsf] lj?4 n8\g Aofks dlxnf / hgldlnl;of
lgdf{0f u/]sf] xf] . hgldlnl;of jl/k/L cg'zflift / k+lQma4 plePsf hg;d'bfo /
cGo dlxnf ;+u7gnfO{ ;–z:q n8fO{ eGbf csf]{ ljsNk g/x]sf] hgfpb} lu/Ln]
eGg'eof]–æd'lQmsf] cfjfh cf]sNbf slt dfl/g' k¥of], slt 3/jf/ ljxLg, l;Gb'/
ljxLg / anfTs[t x'g'k¥of] eg] zflGtk"0f{ tj/n] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf] sNkgf
s]jn ldYof sNkgf dfq x'g]5 . cGtdf jxf+n] dlxnf / juL{o d'lQmsf lglDt cfd dlxnf
;+u7g;+u yf/} klg ;xsfo{ ug{ glxlRsrfpg] / cleofge/L a6flnog :t/sf] dlxnf
hgldlnl;of etL{ ug]{ atfpg' eof] .
kf6L{sf
l;=l;=Pd= tyf du/f“t :jfoQ hg;/sf/ cWoIf ;Gtf]if a'9fdu/n] pb\3f6g ul/ z'?
ul/Psf] cleofg leq} hgldlnl;ofdf etL{ eO{ kmfu'g # ut] Kof'7fgdf cfof]lht
/fhfsf] clegGbgsf] lj?4sf] k|lt/f]wdf ;d]t ;xefuL ePsf zfGtfn] elgg\– æxfdL
lnËLo / ju{ d'lQmsf nfuL dfq x}g @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] k|ltqmflGtsf] lj?4 n8\g] 5f}+
.Æ
k'/fgf] ;Qf
k|lt ljt[l:0ft cfd hg;d'bfon] sl/a # aif{ cufl8 b]lv lhNnf / :yfgLo :t/sf]
hg;Qfsf] cEof; ub}{ cfpg', ;b/d'sfd 5]pdf 7"nf–7"nf sfo{qmd / dfr{
ubf{ klg k'/fgf] ;Qfn] s'g} k|lts[of gb]vfpg' tyf ;b/d'sfd afx]s Onfsfdf
hgljb|f]xsf] cfwf/ e"dL aGb} hfg'n] Ko'7fg l5§} cfwf/ If]q aGb}5 eGg]
s'/fsf] k'li6 ub{5 eg] ptf k'/fgf] ;Qf ;b/d'sfd leqklg lgl/x ePsf] :ki6 ub{5 .
5fkfdf/sf] 8«]; l;nfpg' klg o'4 g} xf]
af“s]÷ æh]
;lsG5 ToxL ug'{k5{ . t/, hgtf / qmflGtsf] lglDt ug'{ cfhsf] ;dosf] dfu xf] .Æ
of] egfO{ pkGof;df gfossf] kfqsf] egfO{ xf]Og . of] clvn g]kfn 6«]8 o'lgog
;'v]{tsf ;b:o s]z/l;+x g]kfnLsf] xf] . cWoog s]jn b'O{ sIff dfq ePklg cg'ej eg]
v/f] 5– s]z/;+u . ;'v]{t n]vufp“ $ df hlGdP/ ;fg} pd]/b]lv lji6 Ho'sf] 3/
rfxfg{ z'? u/]sf s]z/ clxn] hgo'4sf] dxfg\ ofqfdf 5g\ . hgo'4sf] dxfg\ ofqfdf
pgLn] hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf] sDAof6 8«]; l;nfO{sf] sfo{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . hgfb]z
;+usf] e]6sf] cj;/df pgnfO{ 3/df klg n'uf l;nfpg], o'4df klg n'uf g} l;nfpg] s]
km/s k¥of] / < eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/df s]z/n] eg]– æ5fkfdf/sf] 8«]; l;nfpg' klg
o'4 g} xf] .Æ
lxhf] dflns
egfpbfx?sf] n'uf sk8f l;pbf lxgtf s'07f lyof] t/ clxn] hg;}lgs 8«]; l;nfpbf uj{
ePsf] atfp“5g\– ;Nofg sfNr] uf=h=;= sf cd/axfb'/ lj=s= . lj=s=nfO{ clxn] n'uf
l;nfpbf x'g] ckdfg, tNnf] hftLo xLgtf zf]ifs ;fdGtsf] v]n nfU5 . s'/f ga'em\g'
klg 7'nf] ck/fw ePsf] lj=s=sf] cg'e'lt 5 . sltklg gk9]sf sfnf] uf]? e}+;L a/fa/
ePsf lj=s= hgo'4n] l;sfPsf /fhg}lts s'/f ;'Gbf ;a} cfZrfo{ rlst x'G5g\ .
lj=s=sf] sf“wdf t]x| hgf 3/ kl/jf/ kfng kf]if0fsf] cleef/f 5 . #÷$ /f]kgL
P]nfgL hUuf ePklg To;n] vfg k'Ub}g . %$ aif{sf] pd]/df gePsf] eP ;d/sf] ofqf d}
lx8\g] lyP eGg] ;+sNk ug]{ lj=s= clxn] g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{sf] ;b:o eP/
d'lQmsf] nflu s[oflzn 5g\ .
blntx?sf]
lxt / d'lQmsf hgd'lQm ;]gfn] ug]{ ePsf] s'/f bfjfsf ;fy eGg ;lsg] s]z/ l;+x
g]kfnLsf] /fo 5 . cfwf/ Onfsfdf hgd'lQm ;]gfn] g} blntx?sf] d'lQm / /Iff u/]sf]
s]z/n] pbfx/0fx? b]vfp5g\ . pgn] eg] –dfNsf]6, sf]6jf8fdf hgd'lQm ;]gf ;'/Iff
lbG5 . zfxL ;]gf gfds /fIf;x? uf]nL lbG5g\ . blntx?sf] lxt ug]{ eP t lbnaxfb'/
/Dt]nx?sf] d[To' gx'g] s]z/sf] ljZjf; 5 . zfxL ;]gfsf] bdgsf sf/0f / o'4sf]
cfjZostfn] s]z/sf k'/} 3/kl/jf/ hgo'4df ;fd]n 5g\ .
s]z/nfO{
hgo'4n] g} ;frf] cy{df blnt hftLsf] snfsf] ;+/If0f ug{ ;Sg] nfUb5 . n'uf
l;nfpg], uxgf lgdf{0f ug]{, ef“8f s'“8f agfpg] nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ l;k IFdtfdf
aUg] kl;gf lg0f{os n8fO{df nufpgsf lglDt s]z/ pTkLl8t blnt hg;d'bfonfO{ cfx\jfg
ub{5g\ . ptf cd/axfb'/ lj=s= cgk9 eP/ /fhgLlts efiff dfq xf]Og ;flxlTos efiff
klg af]N5g\ . hgo'4af/] pgsf] egfO{ o:tf] 5 – æx/]s a]nf k'/fgf kftx? em5{g
gof“ kftx? cfp“5g\ t/ of] eg] gof“ ?v xf] gof“ kftx? knfp“b}5g\ .Æ 5fkfdf/sf]
sDAof8 8«]; l;nfpg] qmdnfO{ e+u ub}{ hgfb]zn] o:t} 8«];;+u t 5fkfdf/x? n8]
xf]nfg DofUbLdf xuL < eGbf cd/n] eg]– æxf] o:t} 8«];;+u n8] xf]nfg of]4f,
ax'lj/ nufotsf ;fyLn] zxfbt k|fKt u/] /] . 5fkfdf/x? olx 8«];;+u /utsf]
d"n km'6fpg uj{ 7fGb5g\ / To;}n] xfdLnfO{ klg uj{ g} nfU5 .Æ DofUbL
sfjf{xL eGbf cufl8 t dfcf]jfbLn] xf/] eGg] lyof] gL eGbf pgn] eg] –æToxL eP/
DofUbLdf zfxL ;]gfn] w'nf] rf6]sf]Æ eg]/ Aoª\Uo u/] . DofUbLdf hg;d'bfosf]
;xof]u, hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] alnbfgLk"0f{ ;fx;n] hLltPsf] pgsf] ljZjf; 5 .
lxhf]lt/ lj=s= eg]kl5 s]jn cf/gsf] cfuf] / c+uf/ v]Ng] dfq a'lemGYof] t/ clxn]
sn;+u klg v]ln/x]sf 5g\ .
–/fhaxfb'/ s'“j/