kxf8sf r'r'/fdf PlG6gf
ag]/ v8f eO/x]
cfefif zdf{
vf;} cg's'n lyPg jftfj/0f / k|s[lt . xfdL ofqfdf psfnf] r9\b}
lyof}+ . xfd|f] uGtJo cUnf] lzv/ lyof]–;aeGbf cUnf] lzv/ . hxf" k'u]/
b]lvg]5 ;'b'/ k"j{df /ftf] lIflth . dfly b'O{rf/ ;]tf jfbnsf kmf]Ssf aof]lnO/x]sf]
s~rg cfsfz / 6f9f 8f"8fsf t/]nL . sfvsf l56k'6 j:tLx? . r/fx?sf] dL7f]
af]nL, kftx?sf] l;/–l;/ zJb / ;dL/sf] zLtn Zkz{ . psfnf] 7f8} psfnf], dnfO{
t]kf{P" 3'dfp/f] psfnf] eGbf 7f8f] psfnf] dg k5{ . d ;fyLx?nfO{ o;sf]
kmfObfaf/] eGg] u5'{–x]g'{; 3'dfp/f] psfnf]eGbf 7f8f] psfnf] a9L 7Ls 5 lsgsL
o;df k|To]s kfOnfdf cljh]o em}+ v8f ePsf] r'gf}ltsf] kxf8 Ps–Ps km'6 36\b} hfG5
. k|To]s kfOnfdf Psk'm6 36\g' / Psk'm6 prflng' 3'dfp/f] t]kf{P" psfnf]df
;Dej 5}g . jf:tjdf 7f8f] psfnf] r'gf}ltk"0f{ x'G5 / ToxL r'gf}lt
;ª\3if{zLn hf]bfxfnfO{ dg k5{, dg kg'{ k5{ . ljgf r'gf}ltsf] ;fdgf, ljgf
;ª\3if{do ult, ljgf cK7\of/f;"u h'Wg] cf"6n] qmflGtofqfsf lzv/ r9\g]
;kgf b]Vg' lg/y{ x'G5 . ;DejtM To;}n] a9L psfnf] dg k5{ . ;f"Rr} g} hl6ntf
/ cK8of/f;"u gh'wL lzv/ k'Ug] ;kgf b]Vg' s] ;xh / :jfefljs 5 / <
d]/f] gfd km]l/Psf] 5–cfefif zdf{ . of] km]l/g'sf] ;fy{stf
jf:tjdf gfd dfq xf]Og w]/} s'/f km]l/g'df 5 . ;'ljwfk"0f{ hLjgaf6
c;'ljwfk"0f{ ofqfdf . ;f]emf] / t];f]{af6 af¨f] / psfnf]df . d}n] cfºgf]
k'/fgf] klxrfg 5f]8]/ gof" klxrfg lnPsf] 5' . lxhf] h] lyP" To;df
Tofu, tk:of / jlnbfgsf] c+z slt lyof] < JolQm :jfy{ / JolQm ;'vsf nfn;fn]
s;/L 3]/]sf lyP . d}n] cfkm" / cfºgf] kl/jf/sf af/]df ;f]Rg'eGbf a9L
qmflGt / kl/jt{gsf af/]df slt ;do lbGy] ;f]Rgsf nflu . d]/f] nufgL b]z /
hgtfsf] d'lQmsf vflt/ slt lyof] . d hgtfsf] dfG5] lyP" ls cfkm"
cfºgf] dfG5] . lghL–sdfO, ;'ljwf, :jfy{, gfkmf / hLjgaf6 ;fd'lxs sdfO,
:jfy{–;'ljwf / hLjgdf xfdkmfNg' Pp6f gof" klxrfg lyof] . To;}n] zfob d]/f]
k'/fgf] gfd / kl/ro km]l/Psf] 5 . d cfefif ePsf] 5' . stf stf Xboleq dnfO{ of]
gof" gfddf ;fyLx?n] k'sfbf{ uf}/j / v';Lsf] ;fRr} cfefif x'G5 . k'/fgf]
?k, u'0f / klxrfg 5f]8]/ gof" ?k, u'0f / klxrfgdf ;xL cy{df km]l/g;s]+ / g]kfndf g]kfnLsf]
d'lQmsf] ofqfdf clGtd;Dd ToxL klxrfg lbP" eg] Oltxf;df o;n] Pp6f 5'§}
lrgf] /fVg]5 . cfkm'nfO{ k'/fgf]af6 d'Qm gu/L gof"df kl/jt{g t s;/L kf]
eO"bf] xf]nf / < d]/f] kl/ro km]l/Psf] 5 . ca d lkr ;8sdf 6]S;L / df]6/
;fOsndf lx8\g]af6 cfºgf v'§fdf 6]s]/ psfnf] lx8\g] ofqLdf kl/0ft ePsf] 5' . d
;/af6 bfOdf, …b]Vb} af]Ng g;lsg] 8/ nfUbf]Ú dfG5]af6 x[bo / dgsf s'/f
vf]nL–vf]nL /fVg ;Sg] ;/n, 6f9fsf] dfG5]af6 glhssf] dfG5]df, hl6naf6 ;/n
dfG5]df km]l/Psf] 5' . PSnf]af6 ;fdflhs dfG5]df, JolQmut hLjgaf6 hgtfsf]
dfG5]df km]l/Psf] 5' .
xfdLn] lhDdf kfPsf] sfd xf] k|;f/0f . /]l8of] hgu0ftGq
g]kfnsf] (%=! d]3fxh{sf] lk|mSj]G;Ldf xfdLn] hgo'4 xf"ls/x]sf] kf6L{,
hgtfsf zq';"u nl8/x]sf] hgd'lQm ;]gf / /utn] df6f]nfO{ /¨fP/ d'lQm ;kgf
b]Vg] zxLbsf ;Gb]z hgtf;Dd k'¥ofpg] lhDdf kfPsf 5f}+ . g]kfnsf] hgjfbL
u0ftflGqs eljiosf k"mn ;hfpg] dflnsf ldlxg]tL kl;gfsf :j/ ;~rf/ ug]{ lhDdf
. zxLnn] /utdf ;+uLg rf]k]/ n]v]sf qmflGtsf/L uLt ;'gfpg] lhDdf . jL/ g]kfnL
;'Gb/td ;Gtfgn] kl/>d dfly Tofu jlnbfgsf sLlt{dfg ;fy n]v]sf] hgqmflGtsf]
Oltxf; ufpg] lhDdf . xfdLn] k|;f/0fsf] qmflGtsf/L Oltxf;df klxnf] kª\lQm sf]g{]
lhDdf kfPsf 5f}+ . ;fyLx? eGg' x'G5–of] klg o'4sf] df]rf{ xf] . j}rfl/s o'4sf]
df]rf{ ef}lts o'4sf] df]rf{ hlt g} dxTjk"0f{ 5 . xfdL snf / ljrf/sf]
k|;f/0fsf dfWodaf6 5fkfdf/ o'4 rnfpg nflu/x]5f}+ . aGb'saf6 n8\g' em}+ hf]lvdk"0f{
5 of] k|;f/0fsf] If]qaf6 n8\g' klg . xfdLn] b'ZdgnfO{ ljrf/sf lt/n] tf/f]
tfs]sf 5f}+ . p;n] km}nfPsf e|dx?, e'm¶f k|rf/, skf]slNkt cf/f]k, afShfn,
k|rf/jfhL, pQ]hgfTds e|d, dgf]an lu/fpg] / xte|d kfg]{ if8\oGqsf k|rf/jfhL,
hgo'4, qmflGt, g]tf / hg5fkfdf/, of]4fk|lt km}nfPsf e'm6 / c;To
cfIf]kk"0f{ ;dfrf/, ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ 5f]k]/ dfg]{ d'7e]8 eGb} u/]sf
cfj/0f, g[z+; xTof, n'6, anfTsf/, cfuhgL, s'6kL6sf p;sf ck/fwn] el/Psf c;+Vo
36gfdfly kbf{ xfn]/ ul/Psf k|rf/ cflb cflbaf/] 5l/Psf e|dnfO{ lrg'{ ;fRr} Pp6f
o'4 g} xf] . xfd|f af]nL / ljrf/;"u t;]{/ p;n] u/]sf …;r{ / lsN8sfÚk|ltjfb
/ xfd|f k|:t'lt / r]tgfn] 56\k6fP/ xfdLnfO{ l;Wofpg p;n] u/]sf vf]h / df/sf
u:tL, p;sf] ;r{ cleofgn] klg :ki6 x'G5 xfd|f] df]rf{ klg Pp6f zfQmzfnL df]rf{
xf] . k|;f/0f cfkm}df Pp6f k|lzIf0f aGg', /fhgLltsf] k|rf/s aGg', ;+u7g
lgdf{0fsf] ;xof]uL aGg', hgtfsf ljZjf; / cf:yf ;~rf/ ug]{ r]tgfsf] ;fwg aGg',
uLt;+uLt snfsf] ;Dk|]if0f, pTk|]/s aGg', ;Qfsf] cg'e"lt lbg] p2]ns aGg'
h:tf y'k}| s'/f o; df]rf{n] k'¥ofPsf of]ubfg 5g\ eGg] nfU5 . ;f"Rr}
n]lggn] eg] em}+ k|;f/0f t ;+u7s, k|lzIfs, k|rf/s h:t} ag]sf] 5 .
xfd|f] df]rf{sf] ;ª\3if{ klg rnfodfg o'4 h:t} lyof] . Pp6f
y'Dsf] …ck/]l6¨ ?dÚ x'GYof] eg] csf]{ …:6'l8of]Ú . csf]{ …pTkfbg–sIfÚ x'GYof]
eg] csf]{ k|;f/0f sIf . clg cs}{ 7fp" x'GYof] ;'Tg] 7fp" / e]6\g]
cs}{ 7fp" . jiff{sf] a]nf l;dl;d kfgL kl//xG5 . lkm/lkm/ xfjf rln/xG5 .
slxn] sf"xL lxp" klg k5{
slxn] km]l/ klUnG5 . emdemd kfgLsf] eml/n] lrKnf] 7fp" psfnf]df xfd|f
;fdfu|Lx? n5Kk} leR5g\ xfdL d'Vo k|;f/0fsf ;fdfu|LnfO{ a8f] htg;fy
arfp"5f}+ af"sL ;a} cf]9g] d} klg n5Kk} leH5f}+ . sf/0f kfgL xfjfsf
a]un] aflQG5 . To;dfly h'sf af]6sf kftaf6 klg v:g] . 9'¨fdf cf8 ln+bf klg
;lNsg] . b'Zdgsf lj|u]8sf] cfqmd0faf6 t xfdLn] cfkm}nfO{ arfO/x]sf lyof}+ t/
h'sfsf lj|u]8n] xfdLnfO{ k|To]s sfo{qmd k|;f/0fdf cfqmd0f uy]{ / xfdL k/flht
x'GYof}+ . sfo{qmd ;s]/ cfp"bf ;of}+ 7fp" h'sfsf] 6f]sfO / /utsf bfu
x'GYof] . xfdL of] k|;f/0f ofqfsf a]nfdf sxf" k'u]gf}+ / † pkTosf, km]+bL,
a];L, d}bfg, 8f"8f, vf]N;f, kmf"6 / kfvfx? ;a}–;a} 7fp" . xfd|f]
nflu Tolt ;flGgWosf lyP / Tolt cfTdLo hlt cfºgf] Xbodf x'g;S5 . xfdLn] y'k}|
7fp"sf] cjnf]sg u¥of}+ / kmf]6f] agfof}+ Xboleq . xfdLl;t ;dfrf/, klqsf,
k':ts, /]l8of] ;'Gg] ;'ljwf Hofb} sd lyof] . cem :ki6 eGbf 5"b} lyPgg t}
klg xfdL /]l8of] k|;f/0f u/\of}+ . o; qmddf ljs6 vf]nf, eL/, kx/f, r§fg, klx/f]
af9Lsf e]n / psfnf–cf]/fnfx? slt sf6\of}+ uGtL 5}g . h'g/ft h'g eL/sf] ofqf
uYof{}+ csf]{lbg Tof] eL/ x]bf{ cfem}nfO{ sxfnL / cfZro{ nfUbYof] . /ftdf s;/L
o:tf lrKnf eL/x? sf6\of}+ . cem xfdL hf] w]/} ;dob]lv zx/df dfq lx+8\g] afgL
k/]sf dfG5] c"Wof/f]df 5fd5'd ub}{ lx8\g klg Pp6f dhf /x]5 . lxp"nf
lzv/, xl/of–kxf8, pkTosf / j];L / d}bfgsf ofqfx? . ha ;':s]/fn] / kl;gfn] ylst
/ ;fGt ag]sf] cleJolQm x'GYof]–;fyLx? eGg' x'GYof] k|;f/0fdf o:t} hl6ntf / cK7\of/f,
s7f]/tf / r'gf}ltsf aLraf6 u'h|G5 ;/ . qmflGtkysf] cK7\of/f] ofqf o:t} Jojwfgn]
el/Psf] 5 . hlt cK7\of/f] 5 of] ky Tolt ;'vb / df]xgLdo 5 uGtJo . o;sf] nIo
lIflth rf"bLsf 3]/fdf ;'gsf ls/0fsf] kfOg h8]/ pHofnf] ls/L6n] cfnf]lst 5
. Toxf"af6 Pp6f ;'Gb/ ;dfgtf / Gofosf], k|ultsf], ;d[l4sf] gof"
pGd'Qm ;+;f/ b]lvG5, e]l6G5 . x/]s ;To / ;'Gb/sf] af6f], x/]s d'lQm /
kl/jt{gsf] af6f], x/]s lzjTj / Gofosf] af6f] cK7\of/f] g} x'G5 . ;To k|fKt ug{
d[To';"u h'Wg' k5{ . ;'Gb/ gof" ;+;f/ lgdf{0f ug{ c;+Vo r'gf}lt /
cj/f]w kf/ ug'{ k5{ . xfdL oxL oyfy{sf cf]h / ;fx;, zf}o{ / ljZjf;sf kf}g
km]b}{ ofqf hf/L /fVYof}+ . ;f"Rr} si6;fy n8\b}, 9Nb}, lrlKnb}, 3fOt]
x'"b} / kl;gf / em/Ln] lgy|'Ss aGb} ha–ha dfly psflnGYof}+ Pp6f ;'vb
cg'e"lt x'GYof] . x:ofª–km:ofª\, :of"–:of", lzlyn / ylst
x'"b} ha aNn–aNn uGtJosf] r'r'/f]df k'UYof}+ xfdLnfO{ Pp6f ;'vb cfgGbsf]
cfNxfbdo cg'e"lt x'GYof] . psfnf] sf6]kl5 lzv/sf] 6'Kkf]df k'Ubfsf]
cfgGbsf] /d0fLotf ;f"Rr} clgj0f{gLo g} x'"bf] /x]5 . ;fyLx?n] oftgf /
bdgsf syf ;'gfP/ pTkGg x'g] cfqmf]z / k|ltzf]wsf] plDn+bf] /utsf] efj gof"
hgjfbL g]kfnsf] k|flKt;"u dg} dg ;f6\bf To:t} cfgGb kfpg] klg sNkgf xfdL
uYof}+ . oxL p2]Zo;fy cg'kd lIflthsf] /lQmd r'nLdf cfsfz / wtL{sf] ;'Gb/ ;AwLdf
pleg'sf] ul/df jf]w slt xf]nf <
xfd|f] of] ofqf Pp6f ulx/f] ;'bL3{ ofqf lyof] . o;aLr xfdL
tfdfª j:tLx?df k'Uof}+ . du/ ufp"x?df k'Uof}+ . tfdfª hfltsf] hLjg,
;":s[lt / k/Dk/fnfO{ yf]/} ePklg b]Vg] a'em\g] cj;/ kfof}+ . ;fdGtjfbn]
lgd{d?kn] r';]sf] g]kfnL hghftLo hLjg s:tf] ljs6, b'vb / l/Qf]–l/Qf] 5 x]g{ hfg'
k5{ tfdfª / du/sf j:tLx?df . Toxf" slt kL8f, Joyf, cefj / cls~rgtfsf
cf"wL / t'kmfg 5g\ pgsf 5fnf a]l/Psf zl//df x]g{ ;lsG5 . ul/aL /
ljkGgtfsf] sfNklgs lrq k|ToIf x]g{ rfxg'x'G5 eg] tL j:tLdf x]g{ ;Sg' x'G5 . slt
k5f}6] r]tgf, slt lgl/xtf, clzIff / cGw ;":sf/sf slt bnbndf efl;Psf 5g\
pgLx? . slt slt cjf]w / c1ft 5g\ pgLx? . em'qf–d}nf–kmf6]sf yfª\gf n'ufdf
aNn–aNn nfh 9fs]/ lbg/ft sfddf hf]lt+b} xf85fnf lvofP/ /ut kl;gf Ps ubf{ klg
pgLx?sf] hLjg slt dWo o'uLg h+unL hLjg hlQs} pk]lIft / k|tfl8t 5–Toxf"
x]g{ ;lsG5 . gfgLx? k9\g xf]Og 3f";–kft, ufO{–afv|f r/fpg h+un hfG5g\ .
sL/fsf] h:t} 5 lhGbuL . :s"n glhs 5}gg\ . k9\g' k5{ eGg] r]tgf 5}g . k9]/
s] x'G5 / < eGg] wf/0ff 5 . Pp6} kl/jf/df !@–!% hgf aRrf 5g\ . ltgsf] :ofxf/
;Dxf/, kfng–kf]if0f njfO vjfOsf] s'/} 5f8f}+ . @ jif{ gk'Ub} csf]{ gfgLsf]
uf]7fnf] aGg] e06\ofª–e'06'ªx?sf] lhGbuL ;fRr} sxfnL nfUbf] 5 . vfg k'Ub}g .
glhs ahf/ 5}g . pAhfPsf] j:t' ljSb}g . ljs] klg df]n cfp"b}g . !)
?k}of" x'g] w]/} sd x'G5g\ . ;f/f ufp" el/ vf]h]/ % ;osf] gf]6 ;f6\g
;lsGg . cfw'lgs sDKo'6/sf] o'u / gof" @! cf}+ ztfJbLsf] b'lgof"
pgLx?sf ;kgfdf klg b]lvb}g . pgLx?sf] Tof] s7f]/tfdf b'?x / b'Mvb lhGbuL !$
cf}+ ztfJbLsf] bf;x?sf] hLjgeGbf km/s 5}g . olt w]/} >d ubf{ klg olt w]/}
ul/aL / b'MvL pgnfO{ s;n] agfof] < o;af/] pgLx?nfO{ yfx} 5}g . pgLx? t wfdL
emfqmL, e'g] b]jLs} ;fxf/fdf 5g\ . ;a} kL8fsf sf/0f efUo / b}jdf yf]k/]/ pgLx?
s's'/sf] eGbf xLgtf / sL/fsf] eGbf d"NoxLg hLjgnfO{ s'g} ;fdGtL zf]if0f /
e]befjsf sf/0f, s'g} km6fxfx?sf] rsf]{ zf]if0f / kIFkftsf sf/0f ePsf] 7fGb}gg\
. # ;o jif{b]lv ;fdGtjfbn] pgsf] /ut kl;gf r';]/ cfºgf dxn l;+uf/]sfdf klg b'Mv
5}g . pgLx?dfly cGofo / zf]if0f u/]/ ul/a lg;xfo t'NofP klg pgnfO{ yfxf 5}g .
oxL r]tgfsf] d?e"dLs[t ;dfhdf clxn] ev{/ ev{/ k|r08ky …cfºgf] clwsf/ lng
p7Ú sf] pb\3f]if ub]{ ufp" k'u]sf] 5 . Tof] /fhgLlt / ljrf/ klg cem}+
pgLx?df lehL ;s]sf] 5}g . s]jn pj{/ / ;Gb]zd"ns eP/ k;]sf] 5 . c? ;a}
kf6L{x? ;fdGtjfbs} csf]{ ?kdf ufp"df d'lvoflu/L ub]{ lx+8\5g\ . pgLx?n]
ef]6 yKg], hgtfsf] e¥ofª agfpg] / zx/ k:g] To;kl5 df]h n'6\g] afx]s c? s]xL
u/]sf 5}gg\ . Pdfn] csf]{ zf]ifs kf6L{df kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 –ufp"df . csf]{
d'lvof–;fdGt ag]sf] 5 ufp"df . hgtfsf] hLjg;"u, pgsf] kl/jt{g /
k|ultsf] rfxgf;"u p;sf] s'g} ;/f]sf/ 5}g . o:t} o:t} 5g\ tfdfª j:tL t/
ltg} j:tLaf6 k|r08ky ;dft]/ cl3 a9\g] o'jf kª\lQmx?sf] /x/ nfUbf] h'h'/fx6sf]
eg] cfefif kfOG5 . oxL cfefifdf ;d]l6P/ eGg dg nfU5 ;f/f tfdfª / du/sf
ufp" j:tL lt/ kms]{/ cf] cf:ofª † ltdL xfdL ;a} ldn]/ Pp6f ;'Gb/ hLjg
vf]Hg nfUof]+ eg] s;f] xf]nf . cf] hf]–hf] cfn], gfgf–cfªf † †cf] Do]–Do], cf]
dfd † tkfO" xfd|f] lhGbuL o;/L aaf{b kfg]{ km6fxfx? ltg} ;fdGt zf]ifs x'g\
. tkfO" xfdLnfO{ o:tf] xl/s+ufn / xl/tGgd agfpg]x? klg ltg} ;fdGtx? g}
x'g\ . of] ;fdGtL Joj:yf /x];Dd / hgtfsf] hgjfbL u0ftGq :yfkgf geP;Dd xfd|f]
hLjg km]l/+b} km]l/Gg . xfdL ;r]t lzlIft, x'g]vfg] x'g / ljsl;t x'g klxn]
xfdLnfO{ To:tf] x'g nfpg] ;Qfsf] kmnfd] af/ eTsfpg' k5{ . xfd|f] ufp" klg
wgL agfpg] gof" Joj:yf Nofpg' k5{ . o;f] ug{ hf]hf] cfn], gfgf cfªf, Ps
k6s tkfO" xfdL ;a} sf"wdf sf"w, xftdf xft, dgdf dg / ljrf/df
ljrf/ ldnfP/ Pp6f gof" ;'Gb/ ;+;f/ lgdf{0f ug]{ af6f]df cl3 a9] s;f] xf]nf
<
hgtf;"u leHb}, pgLx?;"u dfof uf":b}, pgsf
cf";' k'5\b} / 3fp rf]6x?df cf]vtLsf] dnd nfp"b} 3/d} pgsf kl;gfdf
cfºgf kl;gf ld;fp"b}, pgsf kL/ jx / Joyfdf ;Dj]bgzLn eP/ uf"l;b},
pgsf xf";f]df cfºgf] xf";f] vf]Hg] / ?jfOdf /f]bg ;f6f;f6 ug]{ ub}{
xfdLn] k|r08kysf] ljrf/ / /fhgLltnfO{ hgtfsf 3/, cf"ug / d'6'–dg dl:tis
;fd' k'¥ofpg] hdsf]{ hf/L /fVof}+ eg] xfd|f] of] dxfg\ ofqf, of] dxfg\ o'4
Pslbg ljhosf] clGtd wSsf lbg] 5nf¨ dfg{ k'Ug]5 . o;n] hgjfbL qmflGtsf] u'0ffTds kl/jt{g;Dd k'¥ofpg]5 . hgtf xfd|f]
zlQm xf] . hgtf xfd|f u'? x'g\ . hgtf xfd|f kfng stf{ . efUo ljwftf x'g\ . hgtf
g} xfd|f kybz{s . hgtf g} xfd|f of]4f x'g\ . h;sf] zlQmsf cfwf/zLnfdf 6]s]/
xfdL Pp6f d'Qm, :jtGq / :jfledfgn] el/Psf] gof" g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] ;kgf
k"/f ug{ ;S5f}+ . xfd|f] ljhosf] dlGhn hgtfsf] hudf plePsf] 5 eGg] jf]w
ug'{5 . To;}sf] nflu k|r08ky hgtfsf k|To]s 3/;Dd k'Ug' k5{ . k|To]s
ufp";Dd k'Ug' k5{ . oxL jf]w u/]/ xfdL xfd|f] ofqf hf/L /fV5f}+ / ;r]t eP/
xfdLnfO{ ;fy lbg]5g\ hgtfn] . xfd|f cg'ej tL ufp" 3'Dbf o:t} lyP .
xfd|f] k|rf/ tyf k|;f/0f zfvfsf ;fyLx?df ljgf]b, l5Gtfª,
k|ef, cfzf, ;'dg, eLif0f, ;dL/, ;f]gfd, /]zd, Ps/fh / kl5 ylkPsf ;'zLn, /fhg /
l;h{gf ;d]t !# hgfsf] ;d'x 5 . d eG5' of] sld6L Pp6f ;'Gb/ gd'gf sld6L agf];\
ljrf/df, >ddf lgi7f / ;dk{0fdf, lhDd]jf/L jf]w / Ifdtfdf . t/ ;a} s'/f k'/f
k'Ug ufx|f] x'"bf] /x]5 . s]xL ;fyL cN5L x'g'x'G5, s]xL JolQmutfd'vL .
s]xL cGtd'{vL / s]xL alxd'{vL . s]xL gv'Ng] / s]xL a9L v'Ng] . ;}4flGts sdL /
cWoogsf] cN5L kg t 5"b}5 t/ ;j{xf/f vf]h] / ;f]+r] h:tf] x'g] eP t . km]l/
klg w]/} s'/f /fd|f 5g\ . vf; u/L Tofu, lgi7f / ;dk{0fefj 5 . dnfO{ nfU5 oL tLg
s'/f /lx/x] eg] of] sld6L gd"gf g} aGg] 5 . xfdLn] zfl/l/s >d u/]/ g}
n]jL ltg]{ k4lt a;fNg rfx]sf lyof}+ . psfnf sf6\g', cf]/fnf] emg'{, lxp"df
/ft;"u ;fOgf] hf]8]/ v'nf cfsfzdf tf/fd08n x]b}{ /ft ljtfpg' . em/Ldf
?em\g' / 3fddf ;]lsg', l;/l;/ rL;f]df sfl¶g' / h+undf ;'Tg' To;f] t oL klg
rfgr'g] >d xf]Ogg\ . km]l/ klg cem}
?kfGt/0f vf; u/L :jefj, Jojxf/, cfgLjfgL / ;":s[ltut ?kfGt/0f af"sL
g} 5 . hgtf;"u >dzLn aGb} hgfb]znfO{ klqmg] / hgtfdf 3'ngzLn x'"b}
kfgL / df5fsf] ;DaGw uf":g rflxg] ;Lksf] ?kfGt/0f . hgtfs} hLjg cg's'n cfkm"nfO{ 9fNg / hgtf;"u
hgtf h:t} ag]/ /xg]df ?kfGt/0f af"sL 5 . cyjf k'u]sf] 5}g . sxL+ zlQm /
;Qfsf] dft r9]/ hgtf;"u b'Jo{jxf/ x'g] xf]ls, of sxL+ xfdLn] cufl8 a9\b}
hf"bf cfºg} ctLt, cfkm}n] 6]s]sf] w/ftn, cfºg} ju{ / juL{o hLjg :t/,
cfºgf] lx+hf]sf] ;j{xf/f ul/a kfl/jfl/s snf g} ljl;{g] xf] ls < eGg] kL/ klg
5 t/ xfdL oL s'/fdf k"0f{ ?kfGt/0f geO;s]sf] eP klg k"0f{ ;r]t 5f}+ /
cfºgf] ctLt / w/ftn glj;{g k|lt1f u/]sf 5f}+ . sfd ubf{ uNtL x'g' csf]{ s'/f
xf] .
xfd|f] k|;f/0fsf] k|To]s >[ª\vnf ljlzi6 agf];\ ;'Gb/ /
ulx/f] xf];\\ eGg] xfdL rfxG5f}+ . k|To]s ofqf :d[ltdo agf];\ / k|To]s sbdx?n]
k|r08ky uf}/jflGtt xf];\ . g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] d'lQm ofqfsf c? kbrfk em}+ xfd|f]
kbrfkn] klg Pp6f zlQm / ;fx; ykf];\ .
xfd|f] cfjfhn] hgtf / b]zsf zq'x?, b]z / hgtf r':g] r';'jfx?, ;fdGt xTof/fx?sf]
;Dk"0f{ s's[To / ck/fwL rl/qsf] kbf{kmf; u/f];\ eGg] xfdL rfxG5f}+ .
xfd|f] k|;f/0fn] hgtf Jo"emfcf];\ / cfºgf] xs / :jtGqtf k|fKt ug{, b]znfO{
;fdGtL dWoo'uLg aa{/ uxg sfnf] cGwsf/af6 d'Qm ug]{ r]tgf km}nfpg hgtfnfO{ ;r]t
kf/f];\ eGg] xfdL rfxfG5f}+ . To;}n] xfdL /]l8of] hgu0ftGq g]kfnsf] 5lj To;/L
lgdf{0f ug{ vf]Hb} lyof}+ t/ ;fwg, ;'ljwf / kl/j]z olt s7f]/ / lg/+s'z 5 ls
xfd|f rfxgf k"/f x'g\ glbg Tof] sl6j4 5 / xfdLn] Pp6f hl6n ;ª\3if{ ul//xg}
kg]{5 .
of] cg'ej t Pp6f 5f]6f] ;dosf] xf] / cflz+s dfq klg . xfd|f]
ofqf t w]/} nfdf] 5 . xfdLn] uGtJo;Dd k'u]/ dfq lj>fd lng' 5 . To;eGbf klxn]
af6f]df p"leg] kxf8 / kx/fx?, ;3g sfnf h+un, sf"8f / emf8Lx?,
lj:tL0f{ au/ / jf9Lsf vx/]x?, ef]s–Kof; / cefjx?, cg]s b'n{ªbo lzv/ / eml/
x'/Lsf k|xf/x? em]Nb} clGtd nIosf] lIflthnfO{ c"ufnf] xfNg' 5 . yfSg', uNg',
elGsg', xf]; x/]; vfg', lg;fl;g', cf/fd ug'{ / lj>fd ug'{ of] ofqf
6'qm\ofpg' xfd|f] nflu ;x\o x'g ;Sb{g . ofqf z'? u/]kl5 k"/f u/]/}
lj>fd ug'{ 5 . Pp6f nfdf], hl6n / r'gf}ltk"0f{ ofqfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg
x/]s cf"wL / t'kmfgsf] ;fdgf ug]{ ;fx; / w}o{tf h?/L 5 . xfdL To;}df
k|ltj4tf / k|lt1f hfx]/ ub{5f}+ .
@)^) efb| #) ut] xfdLn] klxnf] kl/If0f k|zf/0f u¥of}+ . em/L
kl//x]sf] lyof] . xfjf rln/x]sf] lyof] . xfdL lgy|'Ss leh]sf lyof}+ . h'sfn]
6f]ls/x]sf lyP . e';'gfx? ayfgsf ayfg lyP . xfdL k|;f/0f ug{ nflu/x]sf lyof}+
Pp6f Knfl6ssf] kfn d'lg a;]/ . cltly x'g'x'GYof] hgslj nf]s]Gb| lji6 / k|fljlws
lgoGqs x'g'x'GYof] sd/]8 lbjfs/ . sfo{qmd z"? ug]{ ;do eO;s]sf] lyof],
cf/De ug]{ a]nfdf …kfj/ ;KnfO{Ú g} 5'6]5 . t} klg k|fljlws sfddf l;kfn'
lbjfs/n] tf/x? hf]8hf8 kf/]/} eP klg xfdLn] Tof] klxnf] k|zf/0f u/]/} 5f8\of}+
. kxf8sf r'r'/fx? PlG6gf ag]/ v8f eO/x]sf lyP .