clttsf kfOnf
P]ltxfl;s w/f]x/ yjfªsf
cg'e'ltx?
u'0f/fh nf]xgL
;+u7gsf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7ssf nflu ;]tL–dxfsfnLaf6 xfdL
g]kfnL hgjfbL qmflGtsf] dfq geP/ @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] ljZj qmflGtsf] w/f]x/
P]ltxfl;s /f]Nkf lt/ nfUbf P]ltxfl;s yjfª x]g]{ pTs7 rfxgfn] a]r}g x'"b} (
lbgsf] s7Lg ofqf kZrft yjfª k'u]sf lyof}+ . dWo k'ifsf] cToflws lr;f] To;df klg
cem @ xhf/ ld6/sf] prfOdf /x]sf dxfef/t >[+vnfx?df ofqf ug'{kbf{ xfdLn]
lr;f];+u eLif0f ;+3if{ ug'{k/]sf] lyof] . t}klg yjfª k'Ug] ;'Gb/ cfzfn]
xfdLnfO{ ttfO/x]sf] lyof] . ha xfdL /f]Nkfsf] l;dfgfdf k|j]z u¥of}+ ta ljz]if
lhNnfsf hgtfaf6 ljz]ifsf] ljz]iftf cg'e"t x'g] cj;/ xfdLn] kfof}+ .
;f"em k/]sf] lyof] c"w]/L /ft ePsfn] xfdL 5fd5fd 5'd5'd ub}{ psfnf] nfUb}
af;:yfgsf] vf]hLdf lyof}+ . /f]Nkfsf] kfvfkfgLsf] s'g} Ps 3/df k'Uof}+ .
Toxf"sL cfdf lj/fdL eP/ cu]gfs]f 5]pmdf klN6/xg' ePsf] lyof] .
jxf"sf] !$ aif{sf] 5f]/f dfq lyP . cfdfn] æcsf]{ 5f]/f / 5f]/L ds}sf]
kL7f] lk;fpg 3§lt/ uPsf] / Psl5g kl5 cfpg] ePsfn] a:g eGg' ePsf] lyof] . xfdL ^
hgf lyof}+ . @÷@ hgf jl/kl/sf 3/x?df
af"l8of}+ . Ps}l5g kl5 !&÷!* aif{sL alxgL 6fpsf]df ds}sf] kL7f] af]s]/
cfOk'Ug' eof] . jxf"n] c? ;fyLx? sxf" hfg'eof] eg]/ ;f]Wg' eof],
tkfO{x?nfO{ ef]s nfUof] xf]nf d cf"6f] ksfOxfN5' eGg' eof] . -/f]Nkfdf vfd
efifLn] eftnfO{ sfª / l9+8f]nfO{ cf"6f] eGb5g\ ._ jxf" 3§
/fd|f];"u grn]sfn] Tof] /fte/L ds} lk;]/ ef]nLkN6 cfpg eg]/ hfg' ePsf]
/x]5 . xfdL psfnf] nfu]sf] b]Vg' ePsf] /x]5 . To;}n] lk;]sf] hlt kL7f]
xtf/–xtf/ kf]sf] kf/L 3/lt/ bf}l8g' ePsf] lyof] . xfdLnfO{ u'Gb|'ssf] ltpg,
l9+8f] / b'w vfg lbg' eof] . !* aif{ k'u]sfn] ca hgd'lQm ;]gfdf egf{ x'g] OR5f
hfx]/ u/]ls tL alxgL gk]9]sL /lxl5g . afa', cfdfn] s/ nufP/ ljjfx u/fpg vf]Hbf
:yfgLo hg;Qf / kf6L{n] pd]/ gk'uL ljjfx ug{ x'b}g eg]sf] / cfkm"n] klg
ljjfxsf] lj/f]w u/]sf] atfOg . æhgtfs]f OR5f a]u/ bjfj lbP/ vf];]/ dfcf]jfbLn]
vfG5g\Æ eGg] k|lts[ofjfbL ;Qfsf] s'k|rf/nfO{ o; tYon] /fd|} emfk8 lbPsf] 5 .
ætkfO{x?n] v'g kl;gf lbP/ o'4nfO{ olt dfly p7fpg' ePsf] 5 xfdL vfgf klg
gv'jfpg]Æ oL egfO{ b]zsf] l;+uf] u|fdL0f Onfsfsf hgtfsf] egfO clxn] k|dfl0ft
x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] klg hgo'4 emf+luPsf] xf] / b]zLo ;fdGtjfb;+u dfq xf]Og
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ klg r'gf}lt lbg ;s]sf] xf] .
b'Zdgsf 3]/f tf]8\b} ha xfdL /f]Nkfsf] ;fkfsf] 8f"8f]df
k'Uof}+ ta ( lbgb]lvsf xfd|f ;Dk"0f{ ysfj6x? b'/ eP . sf/0f, ;fkfsf]
8f"8f] hxf" lxp hld/x]sf] lyof] To;}df xfdL lrlKn/x]sf lyof}+–
Toxf"af6 pQ/lt/sf] 8f"8f]sf] km]bLdf yjfª ufp" ykSs a;]sf] lyof]
. xfdL p2]lnt eof}+, pT;flxt eof}+ . xfd|f dfg;k6ndf aiff}{+b]lv a;]sf] sfNklgs
yjfªsf] oyfy{ :kz{ xfdLn] kfO/x]sf lyof}+ . nnL /f]sf nufotsf g]kfnL qmflGtn]
hGdfPsf c;+Vo ;lxbx?sf] /utdf plePsf] yjfªn] @)#* ;fnb]lv s]Gb|Lo ;fdGtL
;Qf;"u lg/Gt/ eLif0f 6s/fj ul//x]sf] 5 . To;}n] qmflGtsf/Lx?sf nflu yfjfª
k|]/0ffe"ld xf], cf:yfsf] k|lts xf] cem eGg'kbf{ g]kfnL o]gfg xf] . cem
To;a]nf pT;fxn] l;df gfUof] ha sd/]8 pQdn] o;} P]ltxfl;s yjfªdf ljZj sDo'lgi6
cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;df klxnf] kN6 du/f"t :jfoQ k|b]zsf] hg;/sf/sf] 3f]if0ff
krf;f}+ xhf/ hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf x'g] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . To;kl5 t s] lyof] /
xfd|f dg vz'Ln] gfRg yfn], ylst v'§fx?df PsfPs Hofg cfof], xfdL s'b\g yfNof}+ .
lxp"n] 9flsPsf] af6f]df lx8\bf, lx8\b} 6Ss cl8P/ ;fkf
8f"8f]af6 yjfªnfO{ s]xLa]/ x]l//x\of}+ . df]6fPsf] ;f"8] a;] em}+]
8f"8fsf] km]bLdf ykSs a;]sf] ;fgf] / yf]/} sf]N6] k/]sf] e"–efudf
yjfª a;]sf] 5 . yjfªsf] blIf0flt/ ljgfzsf/L yjfª vf]nf aUb5 . vfd efiffdf y
eg]sf] ykSs / jfªsf] cy{ rf}/ /x]5 . Tolx ykSs a;]sf] rf}/ e/L sfnf 9'Ëf /
sf7n] 5fPsf ;of}+ 3/x?sf] u'h'd'Hh ufp", yjfªdf k|To]s 3/;Dd k'Ugsf nflu
9'Ëf 5flkPsf af6fx? ufp"sf] blIf0f k"j{lt/ $ ;o hgf c6fpg] 7'nf] xn,
xn;+u} hf]l8P/ agfOPsf cfw'lgs & j6f rkL{, @ j6f kSsL wf/f, klZrddf dlxnf
;+u7gn] agfpb} u/]sf] cfsif{s kfs{, kfs{;"u} hf]l8Psf] ;fgf] d~r ;lxtsf]
rf}/, To;};+u hf]l8Psf] cfsif{s k|ltIffno, k|ltIffno kf/L af6f];+u} hf]l8Psf]
u]dL;fË ;xsf/L k;n, d]l8sn xn dlxnf kfs{ glhs} @ j6f cfw'lgs rkL{, o:tf]
nfUbYof] hgo'4sf] ljsf; ;+u;+u} yjfªn] cfw'lstfnfO{ klg c+ufnf] xfn]sf] 5 .
xfdL lbgsf] # ah] Toxf" k'Ubf dlxnf kfs{;+u} hf]l8Psf]
rf}/df ;ef rln/x]sf] lyof] . zfxL ;]gfn] /f]Nkfsf] kf5fjfª / bfËsf] kjggu/df
u/]sf] xTof, anfTsf/, hgtfsf 3/df u/]sf] cfunfuL, n'6sf lj?4df k'if @! ut]
ljz]if If]q aGb ul/Psf] ;Gbe{df cfof]lht æk|lt/f]w ;efÆ rn]sf] /x]5 . To; ;efdf
&% k|ltzt dlxnfx?sf] pkl:ylt lyof] . b"w] aRrf aRrL 8f]sf lnP/ ;efdf
pkl:yt dlxnfsf] pQm sfo{qmddf xfdL klg ;xefuL eof}+ . ;Dks{sf nflu vf]Hg' kg]{
JolQm klg Tot} x'g'x'bf] /x]5 . ;"o{ lj:tf/} cfkm"n] lbg e/L wtL{df
5f]8]sf] tfknfO{ cfkm}df ;dflxt ub}[ ;fkf 8f"8f] tn em¥of] . To;kl5
lr;f]sf] ;fd|fHon] yjfªnfO{ sAhf u¥of] . af]Nbf cfjfhsf ;fy ;fy} jfkm klg
lgl:sg yfNof] . æk|lt/f]w ;efÆ To;sf ;fy ;fy} ;dfkg eof] . xfdL Toxf"af6
klg ;f8] @ 306fsf] af6f] k/ hfg'kg]{ /x]5 . xfdL $M#) ah] klZrdlt/ nfUof}+ .
;f"emsf] lr;f];+u kf}+l7hf]/L v]Nb} /ftL & ah] t xfdL P]ltxfl;s dxt
k'u]5f}+ .
@)%^ ;fn c;f]h % ut] dxtdf /x]sf] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nodf
hgd'lQm ;]gfn] sAhf u/L k'ln;n] aiff}{+b]lv ub}{ cfPsf] xTof, anfTsf/, n'6,
bdgaf6 Toxf"sf hgtfnfO{ d'Qm ug'[sf ;fy} Toxf" sfo{/t l8=P;=kL=
7"n] /fO{nfO{ Ho"b} ;dft]sf] lyof] . To;}n] dxt klg cfkm}df P]ltxfl;s lyof] .
dxtsf] 8f"8f]af6 em'lNsPsf] 3fd;+u} xfdL klg p7]sf
lyof}+ /, d]zlt/ nfu]sf lyof}+ . P /fQ} † Toxf" t 7'n} d]nf nfu]sf] h:tf]
/x]5 . k"j{–klZrd nDk;f/ k/]sf] 6f/} e/L dfG5]sf] eL8 /x]5 . 7fp", 7fp"df
7"N7'nf d]zx?, ljleGg hgjuL{o ;+u7gx?n] ;~rfng u/]sf lrof, /f]6L, k'8L
t/sf/L lhn]jL ;lxtsf ld7fO k;nx?, cf}iflw pkrf/sf nflu :yfgLo ;Qfåf/f ;~rflnt
:jf:Yo s]Gb|, v]n d}bfg /x]sf] pQm :yfgdf jlsn, Ol~hlgo/, lzIfs, a'l4hLlj,
ljBfyL{, ls;fg, dlxnf, blnt ;lxtsf kf6L{ g]tf, sfo{stf{sf] Ps lsl;dsf]
s]lGb|s/0f lyof] Tof] . æ;lx ljrf/n] g} ;a} rLhsf] lgwf{/0f ub{5 ljrf/
-sfo{lbzf_ 7Ls ePdf gePsf rLhx? klg k|fKt x'b} hfG5g\Æ eg]/ sd/]8 dfcf]n]
xfdLnfO{ l;sfpg' ePsf] xf] . cWoIf sd/]8 k|r08n] To; egfOnfO{ g]kfnL wtL{df
nfu" ug]{ cfkm\g} ljz]iftf kQf nufpg' eof] . To;}sf] kl/0ffd clxn] g]kfnL
hgtf;+u cfkm\gf] kf6L{ 5, ck/fhoL hgd'lQm ;]gf 5, ;Qf klg k|fKt ePsf 5g\ .
Toxf" dfG5] / k;nsf] dfq d]nf lyPg . qmflGtsf/L g]kfnL
hgtfs]f xTof u/L zf;g l6sfpg s]Gb|Lo ;fdGtjfbL ;Qf cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb;+u dfu]/
/ lsg]/ NofPsf cTofw'lgs xltof/x? *! Pd=Pd=, hL=kL=Pd=hL=, Pn=Pd=hL=, 6' OGr,
/s]6 n~r/, :gfOk/, leS6/, ulnn, P=s] $&, OG;f;, Pd–!^, P;=Pn=cf/=,
P;=Pd=hL=, DofUgd, ;6{ ug=, y|L g6 y|L, xltof/sf gfdx? klg ;f]wL ;f]wL n]Vg' g}
kg]{, ltg} xltof/ le/]ssf 6f6]kf6] sDAof6 8«]; nufPsf dlxnf / k'?if ;/fj/L
hgd'lQm ;]gfsf em'08 oqtq b]Vg klg kfOg] crDdsf] ;+of]u lyof] Tof] . lrtjgdf
sfo{/t /x"bfsf ;xof]4fx? sGrg vgfn, kf6L{ l;=l;=Pd= s= k|zfGt, s= ljsNk,
s= cf:yf;+usf] nfdf] ;dokl5sf] e]63f6n] k'gtf{huL dfq u/fPg Psk6s lrtjg g}
k'u]sf] cg'e"lt eof] . @@ ut]sf lbg lbg} e/L x]Nnf], xfO{ u/]/ g} laTof] .
k'if @# ut] dxtsf] Pp6f eJo xndf du/f"t :jfo k|b]zsf]
hgk|ltlglw ;efsf] k|yd clwj]zg sfo{qmd lyof] . xn cfsif{s 9+un] l;+ufl/Psf]
lyof] . dfS;{, P+u]N;, n]lgg, :6flng / dfcf] kf"r u'?x?sf] leQ} el/sf]
sk8fdf agfOPsf] 7"nf] kf]i6/, cWoIf sd/]8 k|r08sf] d'¶L p7fPsf] sk8fdf
agfPsf] /+uLg kf]i6/, rf/}lt/ dxfg u'?x? Pj+ cWoIfsf cf]hk"0f{ egfO ;lxtsf
Aofg/ 6f"luPsf] lyof] . lgwf{l/t ;dodf sfo{qmd z'? eof] . hgk|ltlglw ;efsf
h]i7 ;b:o s= lbks s]=;Ln] cWoIftf ug'{ eof] eg] u0f]zdfg k'gn] pb\3f]if0f
ug'{eof] . ;efdf ;efWoIfdf ;?0f af"7f / ;ef pkfWoIfdf ;lxb u0f]z 9sfnsL
hLjg ;+lugL s= 6Lsf a'9fyf]sL r'lgg' eof] . Tof] clwj]zgn] cWoIfdf ;Gtf]if a'9f
/ pkfWoIfdf u0f]zdfg k'g /x]sf] du/f"t :jfoQ k|b]zsf] ;/sf/sf] 3]fif0ff
u¥of] . s]Gb|Lo ;fdGtL ;Qfn] PsLs/0fsf gfddf ;lbof}+b]lv h'g bdg, pTkL8g o;
If]qn] v]Kb} cfPsf] lyof] To;af6 d'Qm kfg{sf nflu o; IF]qsf g]tf, sfo{stf{,
hgtfsf] xhf/f}+sf] k+lQmn] of] e"ldnfO{, /+UofO;s]sf] 5, l;l~rt ul//x]sf]
5 . To;} /Qm l;l~rt e"lddf gof" ;Qf km'n]sf] 5, !& xhf/ ju{
lsnf]ld6/sf @# nfv afl;Gbfn] cWoIf sd/]8 k|r08n] lvr]sf] @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf]
hgjfbsf] tl:j/nfO{ klxnf] k6s Jojxfl/s ?kdf x]g{ kfP . cEof; ug{ kfP . ;/sf/sf]
3f]if0ff;+u} l;+uf] xn tfnLn] u'~hfodfg eof] . uLt ;+uLt;+u} xn gf"Rg
yfNof] . æk'/fgf] ;Qfsf] 6§' x'g] sL, hgtf em'Sofpg] 5§' aGg] sL of] gof"
;Qfs]f of]4f aGg] xf]Æ s'nfgGb lu/Ln] lutf/ ahfP/ ufpg yfn] . sd/]8 zlQmdfg /
cfwf/ gf"Rg yfn] . xn xif{ljef]/ ePsf] lyof] .
;Gtf]if a'9fn] ;/sf/sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff ul/;s] kl5
klZrd s]Gb|Lo sdf08 O~rfh{ s= lbjfs/n] cf]hk"0f{ /fhg}lts k|lzIf0f
lbg'eof] . Tof] k|lzIf0fn] /0fg}lts ;Gt'ngdf 6]s]/ s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sAhf ug{
ljb|f]xdf plqg] cfx\jfg u/]sf] lyof] . j}rfl/s, /fhg}lts pQm k|lzIf0fsf] efjn]
qmfltsf/L cf"vfx?n] b]zLo ;fdGtjfb dfq xf]Og cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb klg
xfl//x]s]f b[Zo b]Vg ;Sg] agfPsf] lyof] . ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb\sf s]Gb|Lo
;x–;+of]hs sd/]8 s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fsf] /fhg}lts k|lzIf0fn] ljZjnfO{
cGt/lj/f]wk"0f{ agfO qmflGtsf nflu k|lts'n eP/ plePsf r'gf}ltx?nfO{
k|r08kyn] cg's'ntfdf ablnlbPsf] / ljZjqmflGtsf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] b[Zo
qmflGtsf/L lbdfudf el/lbPsf] lyof] . ut d+;L/df /f]Nkfsf] kf5fjfªdf pRr zxfbt
k|fKt ug]{ sd/]8 ljj]ssL cfdf sd/]8 dgs'df/L s]=;L= n] xnnfO{ u/]sf] ;Djf]wgn]
s]jn ;a}sf cf"vfx? dfq /;fPgg\ lxSs lxSssf] cfjfhn] xndf :tAwtf 5fof] .
cfdf ;lQ;fn em}+ l7+u pleg' eof] / æd]/f] 5f]/fn] ;w}+ dnfO{ eGg] ub{Yof]– cfdf
d ;lxb eP" eg] g?g' xf]nf, d]/f Oltxf;sf kfgfx? d}lng]5g\, To;}n] d
clxn];Dd /f]PsL 5}g / ?lbg klg, d s]jn ljj]ssL dfq cfdf xf]Og ;a}sL cfdf ePsL
5' . lo 5f/f 5f]/Ln] ;lxbsf] /ut ;lDemP/ gof" ;Qf ;~rfng ug]{ 5g\ .Æ eGg'
eof] . slQklg ljRrlnt x'g'ePg . qmflGtn] cfdfx?sf d'6'x?nfO{ klg slt s7f]/
agfOlbP5 eg] ;dj]bgf g} ;dj]bgfn] el/Psf cfdfsf efjgfsf] d'6' r'+l8bfsf] s7f]/
kL8fnfO{ klg xf";L xf";L krfpg ;Sg] eP5g\ . Tof] lxSdt\, Tof] tfut,
Tof] Ifdtf g]kfnL qmflGtn] hGdfPsf] gof" ljrf/ ;+Zn]lift k|r08kyn] ljsf;
u/]sf] xf] . ;fdGt, k'hLjfbLn] sdhf]/Lsf] kof{osf ?kdf k|:t't u/]sf dlxnfx?
g]kfnL qmflGtsf ;Rrf sdf08/, ;Rrf gflosf ag]sf 5g\ .
k'if @% ut] o; IF]qsf qmflGtsf/L hgtfsf nflu 7"nf] pT;j
ag]/ cfof] . yjfª l:yt jL/ aneb| dfWolds ljBfno eGbf yf]/} tn/x]sf] ljzfn
hg/+uzfnfsf] blIf0flt/ cfsif{s d~r agfOPsf] 5 . /+uzfnfdf k|j]z ug]{
7fp"df 7"nf / cfsif{s u]6x? agfOPsf] 5 . 6f9f 6f9faf6 cfpg] af6fx?df
c;+Vo u]6x?, ;ef:ynsf 8f"8f el/sf k|To]s ?vsf xf"ufx?, kf]nx?,
uf]7x?df xl;+of xyf}8f c+lst / tf/fx? c+lst /Qm /l~ht em08f kmx/fO /x]sf 5g\ .
6f9faf6 x]bf{ nfnL u'"/fhn] df};d e'n]/ o;kfnL l5§} km'n]sfn] /ftDd} ePsf]
efg x'GYof] .
ljxfg * ah]sf] x'G5, ;'o{sf] ls/0f yjfªdf k/]s} x'b}g .
uuge]bL gf/f, hgldlnlzofn] a8fO ubf{ k8\sfPsf aGb"sx?af6 lgl:sPsf] WjgL,
To;sf] k|ltWjgLn] cfsfz, kftn ysf{pb} bh{gf}+ af6fx? x'"b} kxf8nfO{ 9fs]/
cfPsf] dfG5]sf] e]n lj:tf/} /+uzfnflt/ a9\b5 . o:tf] nfU5 dfgj ;fu/ pln{Psf] 5,
5fnx? rf}/df ljnf]lkt 5g\ . k|To]s k+lQmdf hf}kfg] xl/of] /+usf 8«]; nufPsf
ldlnlzofn] Jojl:yt u/]sf 5g\ . 6Kkf, l;+uf?, b]p8f, d'Ugf, n¶L h:tf gf"rsf
5'§5'§} k+lQm 5g\ . a'9fa'9L, s]6fs]6L / o'jfx?n] gfr]/ pT;j dgfO/x]sf 5g\ . %)
xhf/ dflg; c6fpg] rf}/ el/G5 . To;kl5 kfv} e/L klg dflg; el/G5g\ . # ah];Dd
dfG5]sf] n's{g cfO/xG5 . ædfcf]jfbLn] aGb"s b]vfP/ cfkm\gf sfo{qmddf hgtf
Nofp"5g\Æ eGg] ;'g]sf cGt/f{li6«o /]8qm; ;ldlt -cfO{=l;=cf/=l;=_sf s]l8/
cjf]n -clk|msL_, lk|m;f] OldnL -hd{g_n] olt nfdf] lha|f] lgsfNb} æol6 9]/}
dfG;L cfPsf], 5]/} /fd|f] dfcf]jfbL l;6 9]/} dfG;L 5, 6\o:6f] x}g, ;}gÆ eg]sf
lyP .
@)#* ;fn]blv s]Gb|Lo ;fdGtL ;Qf;"u kf}+7]hf]/L v]Nb}
cfPsf] / k|To]s df]rf{df x/f"pb} klg cfPsf] clxn] ;fd|fHojfb;"u xfSsL
v]ln/x]sf] ljz]if IF]q, ljz]if lhNnf / To;df klg P]ltxfl;s yjfªn] s]jn lg/Gt/tf
dfq sfod u/]g a? æcGt/lj/f]wsf] ;xL kl/rfng ub}{ k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/LnfO{
gof" prfOdf p7fpg ;Dk"0f{ zlQm s]Gb|Lt u/f}+Æ eGg] kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo
cfx\jfgnfO{ hgljb|f]xsf] ?kdf sfof{Gjog ub}{ Jojxf/df ptfg]{ qmddf klxnf ePsf]
5 .
@)^) k'if #), yjfª