ljrf/

j}1flgs ;dfhjfbdf gofF cfljisf/M PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLdf hgjfbsf] ljsf;

zLtns'df/

s/f]8f}+ hgtfsf] jlnbfgaf6 k|fKt sl/j cfwf ljZj cf]u6]sf] ;dfhjfbL ;Qf–;f]leot ;+3sf] k|ltqmflGtsf] lttf] cg'ej / rLlgof" ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf jfjh'b– kf6L{leq}af6 k|ltqmflGtdfkm{t\ k""hLjfbdf ktg x'g' / k|ltqmflGtsf] dWod ju{n] dfq xf]Og lgDg dWod ju{n] klg v'n]/ :jfut ug{'nfO{ ;fdfGo kl/36gfsf] ?kdf lng ;lsGg . k"""hLjfbL qmflGt klg k|ltqmflGts} k|s[ofaf6 u'h|]sf] xf] jf k|ltqmflGt ;+zf]wgjfbsf] kl/0flt xf] eg]/ en} v'|Zr]e / t]ªnfO{ ufnL u/]/ cfTd/lt lng t ;lsG5 t/ ljZjsf c/af}+ pTkLl8t hgtfsf] ljZjf; lht]/ pgLx?nfO{ qmflGtdf ;fd]n ug{ ;lsGg . o;sf nflu hgtfn] qmflGtdf aufPsf] /ut sfnfGt/df k'gM v]/ hfGg eGg] s'/fsf] cfwf/e"t Uof/]06L ug{] cyf{t\ k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg]= j}rfl/s, /fhgLlts / ;+u7gfTds cjwf/0ffx? k:sg ;Sg'kb{5 . hgtfsf] ;+3if{, cg'ej / cg'e"ltsf] ;+Zn]if0f u/]/ dfq hgtfsf] dfgl;s / ef}lts phf{nfO{ PsLs[t / s]Gb|Ls[t ug{ ;lsG5 / ljrf/df PsLs[t / s]Gb|Ls[t phf{n] g} 3/]n' k|lts[ofjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf] u7aGwgnfO{ w'nf] r6fP/ qmflGtsf] em08f kmx/fpg ;lsG5 . qmflGt ;DkGg ug{], k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg] / ljZj qmflGtsf] ;+jf]wg ug{] cfwf/e"t k|Zgx?sf] hjfkmsf] cefjdf qmflGtn] dfqfTds r/0f;Dd t ljsf; ug{ ;Sb5 t/ u'0ffTds r/0fdf k|j]z ug{ ;Sb}g . To;}n] qmflGt ;DkGg ug{] k|Zg ljZj qmflGtsf] g]t[Tj ug{] k|Zg;"u, ljZj qmflGtsf] g]t[Tj ug{] k|Zg k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg] k|Zg;"u / k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg] k|Zg ljrf/wf/sf] ljsf;sf] k|Zg;"u cljlR5Gg ?kn] hf]l8Psf] 5 . To;}n] qmflGtsf] u'0ffTds r/0fdf k|j]z ug{] tof/Lsf] k|s[ofdf /x]sf] g]kfnL hgjfbL qmflGt ljrf/wf/fsf] ;d:ofnfO{ ju{ ;+3if{ / cGt;+3if{s} k|s[ofdf xn gu/L uf]nrSs/af6 d'Qm eP/ cufl8 a9\g ;Sb}g . o;} s'/fnfO{ u+eL/tfk"j{s lnP/ g} g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_n] qmflGt ;DkGg ug{ / k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg æPSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf hgjfbsf] ljsf;Æ sf] /fhgLlts /0fgLlt 5nkmn, k|of]u / kl/dfh{gsf] nflu ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . pQm 5nkmn, k|of]u / kl/dfh{gsf] k|s[ofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;+u7gfTds l;4fGtsf s]xL cGtlj{/f]wL kxn'x?sf] ;+lIfKt rrf{ ug{' k|f;l¨s g} x'g]5 .

ljrf/ ;+u7gsf] dfWodaf6 ;+3if{df cleJoQm x'G5 / ;+3if{af6 xfl;n 1fg -cg'ej_ ;+u7gs} dfWodaf6 ;+Zn]lift eP/ ljrf/df ?kfGt/0f x'G5 . ljrf/–;+u7g–;+3if{–ljrf/sf] of] k|s[of jft{'nfsf/ -spiral_ df lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9L /xG5 . ;}4flGts ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg k':tssf 7]nL cWoog u/]/ dfq x'g ;Sb}g . o;f] ul/of] eg] dgf]utjfbdf g/fd|f];"u kml;G5 . ;}4flGts ;d:ofsf] xn emg pRr:t/sf] ;+3if{df k|j]z u/]/ dfq ug{ ;lsG5 . ;+u7g / ;+3if{sf ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg ljrf/sf] ljsf; u/]/ dfq ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fWo / ;fwgsf] cGt/;DaGw l;4fGt, ;+u7g / ;+3if{sf] cGt{;DaGwdf 7Ls 9+un] cleJoQm x'g' kb{5 . l;4fGt ;fWo xf] eg] ;+u7g / ;+3if{ ;}4flGts nIf k|fKt ug{] ;fwg x'g\ . ;fWo / ;fwgsf] ;d'lrt tfnd]n x'g ;s]g eg] ;xL kl/0ffd lg:sg ;Sb}g . /fd|f] ;fWo k|fKt ug{ /fd|f] ;fwgsf] k|of]u ul/g' kb{5 . g/fd|f] jf a]l7s ;fwg k|of]u ul/of] eg] /fd|f] jf 7Ls kl/0ffd lg:sg ;Sb}g . sy+sbflrt /fd|f] kl/0ffd lgl:sof] eg] klg Tof] cGttM g/fd|f] kl/0ffddf g} ablnG5 . ;fWo k|fKt ug{ h:tf] ;'s} ;fwg k|of]u u/] klg s]xL km/s kb{}g eGg] h];'O6jfbL t]ªsf] egfO;"u dfS;{jfbsf] s'g} ;fOgf] 5}g . To;}n] ;j{xf/f ju{n] j}1flgs ;fWo k|fKt ug{ j}1flgs ;fwg g} k|of]u ug{' kb{5 . j}1flgs ;dfhjfb jf ;fDojfb k|fKt ug{ j}1flgs ;+u7g, j}1flgs ljlw / j}1flgs sfo{z}nL g} canDag ug{' kb{5 .

hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotf ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ;+u7gfTds l;4fGtsf] cGt{j:t' xf] . h;sf] cfwf/df ;+u7gfTds l;4fGtsf cGo kxn'x? s[ofzLn x'G5g\ . hgjfb / s]Gb|LotfaLr åGåfTds ;DaGw /xG5 . h'g cGt{3'ngdf cleJoQm x'G5 . ;j{xf/f hgjfbsf] cy{ k"""hLjfbL hgjfbsf] h:tf] 5nkmn ug{ / dt bh{ ug{ kfpg' dfq xf]Og . 5nkmndf /fv]sf] s'/f ;'g'jfO{ x'g' cyf{t\ lg0f{odf ;dflxt ug{' xf] . ;j{xf/f hgjfbsf] ;f/tTj ;xeflutf xf] . /, ;j{xf/fsf] s]Gb|Lotf k""hLjfbL s]Gb|Lotf h:tf] lgoGq0f / lgb{]zg dfq xf]Og ;dfof]hg / ;+/If0f jf ;xof]u xf] . To;}n] lg0f{odf ;xeflutfljgfsf] hgjfb cf}krfl/s hgjfb / ;+/If0f, ;xof]u / ;dfof]hg ljgfsf] s]Gb|Lotf gf]s/zfxL s]Gb|Lotf xf] . hgjfb ljgfsf] s]Gb|Lotf gf]s/zfxL / s]Gb|Lotf ljgfsf] hgjfb c/fhstfjfb xf] . k"""hLjfbLx? oflGqs ef}ltsjfbsf lxdfotL / åGåjfbsf lj/f]wL x'gfn] pgLx?sf] hgjfb / s]Gb|LotfaLr ;ld>0f / cGt3{'ng gx'g] x'gfn] hgjfb cf}krfl/s / s]Gb|Lotf gf]s/zfxL x'g k'Ub5 . t/, ;j{xf/f ju{ oflGqs ef}ltsjfbsf] lj/f]wL / åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbsf] lxdfotL ePsfn] hgjfb / s]Gb|Lotfsf] ;ld>0f cGt3{'ng x'g] x'gfn] ;j{xf/f hgjfbdf s]Gb|Lotf afws xf]Og ;xof]uL aGg k'Ub5 . ;j{xf/f hgjfbsf] cEof; åGbfTds ljlw, jfb–k|ltjfb–;Djfb / Pstf–;+3if{–?kfGt/0f, sf] k|of]u ul/G5 . lgif]w Wj+;fTds xf]Og /rgfTds x'G5 . k'/fgf]sf] lgif]w ubf{ k'/fgf]sf] cGtlg{lxt ;sf/fTds kIfx?sf] ;+/If0f u/]/ gof"df ;dflji6 ul/G5 . Pssf] b'O{ df ljefhgsf] lgod ;j{q nfu" x'G5 cyf{t\ ;sf/fTdsleq gsf/fTds / gsf/fTdsleq ;sf/fTds x'G5 . jfb–k|ltjfb x'"bf b'j}sf ;sf/fTds s'/fx? ;Djfb -synthesis_ x'G5g\ / b'j}sf gsf/fTds s'/fx? aflxl/G5g\ . Pstf–;+3if{ / ?kfGt/0fsf] cEof; klg ;f]xL cg'?k ul/G5 .

g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] cf"wLdo bz jif{ ljrf/, gLlt, ;+u7gsf] lgdf{0f / ljsf;df ljkl/tx?sf] PsTj / Pssf] b'O{df ljefhgsf] åGåjfbnfO{ bx|f];"u ;dft]/ jfb–k|ltjfb / ;Djfb tyf Pstf–;+3if{ / ?kfGt/0f cyf{t gof" cfwf/df gof" Pstf sfod ug{] åGbfTds ljlwsf] k'/fk'/ k|of]u u/]/ ljrf/, gLlt, ;+u7g / ;+3if{nfO{ ck ub{} s]Gb|Ls[t / PsLs[t kf6L{sf] alnof] hu v8f u/]sf] 5 . ju{ ;+3if{sf] prfO cg'?k cGt;+3if{nfO{ gof" prfOdf p7fp"b} kf6L{ / cfGbf]ng tLj|tfdf cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . cGt;+3if{sf aLraf6 ;a} lg0f{ox? ;j{;Ddltsf ;fy ePsf 5g\, ckjfbnfO{ 5f8]/ s]Gb|b]lv ;]n;Dd cNkdt–ax'dtsf] cfwf/df lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5}g . hgo'4sf cf"wLdo !) jif{df cWoIf s= k|r08sf] g]t[Tj / kxndf ul/Psf hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] of] cEof;nfO{ s;/L ;+Zn]if0f ug{] < o;sf k5fl8 s'g bfz{lgs cjwf/0fn] sfd u/]sf] 5 < uf]/vf ldl6ªb]lv /f]Nkf ldl6ª;Ddsf] cEof;n] s] ;+s]t u/]sf] 5 < ls t xfdLn] of] ;j{;Ddlt hgjfbsf] cEof;af6 x}g PsdgfjfbL lrGtg / ;Qfsf] k|of]uaf6 xfl;n ePsf] xf] eg]/ ;+Zn]if0f ug{' kb{5 . x}g eg] o;sf] ;+Zn]if0fn] ax'dt / cNkdtsf] cfwf/df kf6L{ ;+rfng ug{] k/Dk/fut ljlw jt{dfgdf cEof; ul/Psf] åGåfTds ljlw / ;j{xf/f hgjfbsf] cEof;;"u d]n vf"bf] /x]g5 eg]/ ;+u7gfTds l;4fGtsf] If]qdf gof" ;+Zn]if0f ug{' kb{5 . sl/a bz xhf/ hgtfsf] /utn] xfl;n u/]sf] of] cd"No cg'ejnfO{ xNsf 9+un] l6Kk0fL u/]/ kG5fpg ;lsGg . a? ;fWo / ;fwgaLr cGtlj{/f]w t 5}g eg]/ 5nkmn ug{' cfGbf]ngsf] lxtdf x'g]5 .

ax'dtsf] g]t[Tj / zf;g, cNkdtsf] k|ltkIf cyf{t\ ax'dt / cNkdtsf] cfwf/df ;+u7g kl/rfng / lg0f{odf k'Ug] ;+u7gfTds ljlw ;j{xf/f ju{n] x}g k"""hLklt ju{n] ljsf; u/]sf] xf] . bf; ;dfhsf] s'lngtGq, ;fdGtL ;dfhsf] /fhtGqsf] t'ngfdf jx'dtsf] g]t[Tj / zf;gsf] cjwf/0ff lgZro g} k|ultzLn 5 . To;a]nf k"""hLklt ju{n] ljsf; u/]sf] oflGqs ef}ltsjfb– h'g cfbz{jfbsf] t'ngfdf k|ultzLn 5–;"u tfbfTDotf /fVb5 . ha ;j{xf/f ju{n] oflGqs ef}ltsjfbnfO{ lgif]w u/]/ åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL bz{gsf] ljsf; u/]kl5 cNkdt / ax'dtsf] cfwf/df km};nf ug{] / ;+u7g kl/rfng ug{] ljlw sfod} /fVg'n] hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] cGt{3'ng -fusion_ df cj/f]w k}bf u/]/ of] jf Tof] ?kdf u'6 km'6 jf ljefhglt/ sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngnfO{ ws]lnPsf] t x}g . of] jf Tof] ?kdf kf6L{leq}af6 k|ltqmflGtdfkm{t\ k"""hLjfb k'g:yf{kgf x'g'sf] cg]sf}+ sf/0fx? dWo]– ;+u7gfTds If]qdf cNkdt / ax'dtsf] cfwf/df ;+u7g kl/rfng– Pp6f sf/0f x'g ;Sb5 eg]/ 5nkmn ug{ ;lsb}g / †

åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb lj1fgdf cfwfl/t bz{g xf], of] lj1fg;"u slxn] klg af‰b}g . ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ljrf/, gLlt / ;+u7g åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL bz{gs} dfu{bz{gdf aGb5g\ / kl/rflnt x'G5g\, h;nfO{ ;dfh lj1fg elgG5 . s] lj1fg;"u k|ToIf jf k/f]If ?kdf hf]l8Psf k|Zgx?sf] cNkdt / ax'dtsf] cfwf/df km};nf ug{ ;lsG5 < a? lj1fgsf] Oltxf; s]nfpg] xf] eg] j}1flgs cfljisf/sf] ;'?df t lj1fg cNkdtd} k/]sf] 5 . dfS;{jfb hltv]/ k|fb'ef{j eof] cNkdtsf] dfq ;dy{g k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] . To;}n] ax'dt / cNkdtsf] cfwf/df ;+u7g kl/rfng ug{] / km};nf ug{] ljlw åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL bz{gsf] ;f/tTj;"u d]n vfGg ls eg]/ 5nkmn lsg gug{] <

;j{xf/f ju{sf] b'O{ kfv'/L afx]s cfkm\gf] eGg] s]xL 5}g . k|lt:kwf{ k"""hLjfbsf] ;f/tTj xf], kf/:kl/s ;xof]u ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ;f/tTj xf] . k|lt:kwf{ gu/L k"""hLjfbsf] ljsf; x'Gg . To;}n] pgLx?sf] hgjfb –k|hftGq_ klg k|lt:kwf{df l6s]sf] 5 . h'g cNkdt / ax'dtdf ljefhg x'G5 . t/, b'O{ xft kfv'/L dfq x'g] ;j{xf/f ju{sf] jf ;dfhjfbsf] ljsf; k|lt:kwf{af6 xf]Og kf/:kl/s ;xof]u / ;xdltaf6 dfq x'g ;Sb5 . cfk;df k|lt:kwf{ gug{] ;j{xf/f ju{nfO{ cNkdt / ax'dtsf] cfwf/df ljeflht x'g' cfjZos g} b]lvGg . ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ;b:o k|fKt ug{ cNkdt–ax'dtsf] ljlw cyf{t\ ;fwg pko'Qm b]lvb}g .

ax'dt / cNkdtsf] cfwf/df ;+u7g kl/rfng ug{] / km};nf ug{] ;+u7gfTds l;4fGtsf] k|ZglrGx lstfasf 7]nL cWoog u/]/ eGbf g]=s=kf-dfcf]jfbL_ sf /utn] n]lvPsf] bz jif{sf] cg'ej / cg'e"ltsf] l;+xfjnf]sg u/]/ nufOPsf] jf ul/Psf] xf] . qmflGtkl5 k|ltqmflGt eP/ af/Daf/ hgtfn] /ut aufpg' gk/f]; eGg] kljq rfxgfaf6 cufl8 ;fl/Psf] xf] . sDo'lgi6x?n] ztfAbLb]lv cEof; ul//x]sf] / cfbt / ;+:sf/ alg;s]sfn] ljleGg sf]0faf6 o; n]vdfly k|Zgx? p7\g' :jfefljs} 5 . o;dfly p7]sf tL k|Zgx?sf] tYodf cfwfl/t ts{k"0f{ hjfkm lbb} hfbf of] cem :ki6 / kl/:s[t x'"b} hf]g5 . of] wf/0ff cufl8 ;f/]/ ePsf cfGtl/s 5nkmndf p7]sf k|Zgx? tTsfn p7fpg' pkof]uL gb]lvPsfn] cfkm\gf] wf/0ffx? / 5nkmnsf] qmddf ePsf] ljsf;nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . o;nfO{ gsf/fTds sf]0faf6 eGbf ;sf/fTds sf]0faf6 cWoog / 5nkmn xf];\ eGg] ck]Iff /fv]sf] 5' .