cGt/f{li6«o
jfx † a'z, jfx †
cd]l/sf–ltd|f] dfgj clwsf/ †
lbks ;fksf]6f
uPsf] xKtf ljZjel/sf ;~rf/dfWodn] cd]l/sL ;]gfn] O/fsL
aGbLx?dfly u/]sf] cdfgjLo oftgf / 3[0fLt Jojxf/ ;lrq k|;f/0f / k|sfzg u/]kl5
;f/f ljZj :tAw ePsf] 5 . ljZjsf ;r]t / ;Eo dflg;x? nfhn] kfgL–kfgL ePsf 5g\ .
Toltdfq} xf]Og l;¨f] ljZjsf ;r]t hg;d'bfo cfqmf]lzt / p2]lnt ePsf 5g\ .
ljz]iftM Ps c/a d'lZnd hg;d'bfo qm'4 ePsf] 5 . ;+;f/nfO{ dfgjlwsf/sf] pkb]z
lbP/ / zflGtsf] /fu cnfk]/ gyfSg] cd]l/sfsf
;]gfx?n] s:tf] dfgjclwsf/sf] kfngf u/]sf /x]5g\ ljZj hg;d'bfosf]
7"nf] lx:;fn] 6]lnlehgsf kbf{x? / klqsfx?df ;lrq b]Vof], k9\of] / ;'Gof] .
ljZjn] cem k|i6;"u b]Vof], ef]Uof] cd]l/sfsf] dfgjlwsf/ / zflGtsf] kbf{leq
slt 3[l0ft, slt nfhdbf]{ / slt cdfjLo lqmofsnfk x'"bf] /x]5 .
cd]l/sfsf] dWoo'uLg oftgf / b'Joj{xf/sf] ;fj{hlgs/0f;"u}
l;¨f] ljZj k|ltlqmofdf pq]sf] 5 . ;+;f/el/sf dfgj clwsf/ ;+u7g, d'lZnd / cGo
b]zx?n] tL 36gfx?sf] eT;gf{ u/]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sfleqsf / ;+;f/el/sf ;~rf/dfWod,
;+3–;:yf, JolQmTjx?n] cd]l/sfsf cdfgjLo lqmofsnfksf] eT;gf{ u/]sf 5g\ . c/a /
blIf0f k"jL{ Pl;ofnL d"n"sx?n] cd]l/sL ;]gfsf To:tf …3[l0ftÚ
36gfx?sf] eT;gf{ u/]sf] 5 / cd]l/sL u7jGwg ;]gfn] tTsfn O/fs 5f8\g cfjfh p7fPsf
5g\ .
cd]l/sL ;]gfn] u/]sf] dWoo'uLg jj{/tf lj;f{pg] cdfgjLo / clt
3[l0ft lqmofsnfksf] lrq cd]l/sL ;]gfs} Ps d]h/n] tof/ u/]sf] l/kf]6{df b]Vg
;lsG5 . kf7snfO{ Tof] l/kf]6{sf s]xL c+zx? k|:t't ubf{ cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] / cGttM
cd]l/sfsf] jf:tljs ?k b]Vg d2t k'Ug]5 .
cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] d]h/ h]g/n cG6f]lgof] 6fu'jfn] cS6f]j/ @))#
b]lv ;f]xL ;fn l8;]Da/;Dd aUbfbl:yt …cj' 3fl/jÚ h]ndf /x]sf aGbLx?dfly ePsf
b'Jo{jxf/ / oftgfsf af/]df k|:t't u/]sf] l/kf]6{df oftgfsf ?k / tl/sfaf/]
a'"bfut ?kdf n]lvPsf] 5 . cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] *)) cf}+ ldln6/L k'ln; la|u]8
cGtu{t /x]sf] aUbfbl:yt cj' wl/j h]nleq lbOg] oftgfsf ljj/0fx? k9\bf tkfO"
kf7\ssf] lhp g} sf"Kg] 5 . To;sf
s]xL gd"gfx? –
!=aGbLnfO{ nflQ xfGg],
d'Ssf xfGg] / r8\sg nufpg], aGbLsf] gf¨f kfOtnfx?df pk|mg] .
@= dlxnf / k'?if
aGbLx?nfO{ gf¨} agfP/ lel8of] / kmf]6f] lvRg] .
#= aGbLx?nfO{ hj/h:tL ?kdf
ljleGg …of}gf;gÚ x?df /fVg nufO{ kmf]6f] lvRg] .
$=aGbLx?nfO{ s}of}+ lbg /
/ft gf¨} /fVg] .
%= gf¨f kfl/Psf k'?if
aGbLx?nfO{ dlxnfsf …c08j]o/Ú nufpg jfWo kfg]{ .
^=k'?if aGbLx?sf] ;d'xnfO{
g} …x:td}y'gÚ ug{ jfWo kfg]{ / To;sf] lel8of] lng] / kmf]6f] lvRg] .
&=gf¨f k'?if aGbLx?sf]
rfª nufpg] / To;dfly pk|mg] .
*= aGbLnfO{ gf¨} kf/]/
aS;df vf"b]/ pEofpg], 6fpsf]df jfn'jfsf] af]/f /fVg] / aGbLsf] cf}+nf /
ln¨df s/]06 nufpg] .
(= !% jifL{o dlxnf
aGbLnfO{ hj/h:tL of]g ;Dks{ /fVg jfWo kfg]{ / To;kl5 ;f] k'?if aGbLsf v'§fdf …d
anfTsf/L x'"Ú n]v]/ kmf]6f] / lel8of] lvRg] .
!)=gf¨f] k'?if aGbLsf]
3f"6Ldf s's'/nfO{ nufpg] ;fªnf] nufOlbg] / 5]pdf cd]l/sL dlxnf ;]gf kf]h
lb+b} kmf]6f] lvRg] .
!!= dlxnf aGbLx?nfO{
…ldln6/L k'ln; uf8{Ú n] anfTsf/ ug]{ u/]sf] .
!@= aGbLx?nfO{ ;}lgssf
s's'/x?n] 6f]sfpg] .
!#= aGbLx?sf] xTof u/]/ To;sf]
…kmf]6f] lvRg]Ú .
To;}ul/ d]h/ 6fu'jfnfO{ ;f] aGbLu[xsf aGbLx?n] dflysf 36gfx?
afx]s oftgfsf yk ?kx?af/] eg]sf s'/fx? klg of] k|;ª\udf pko'{Qm x'g ;S5g\ .
!= s]ldsn e/]/ agfOPsf
alQx? km'6fpg] / To;df x'g] …kmf]:km]l/s lns'O8Ú aGbLx?dfly vGofpg] .
@=rfh{ ul/Psf ( PdPd
lk:tf]n s~r6df t];f{P/ aGbLx?nfO{ t;f{pg] .
#= gf¨f aGbLx?dfly lr;f]
kfgL vGofpg] .
$= s'rf]sf 8f"7,
s';L{x?n] aGbLx?nfO{ lxsf{pg] .
%= aGbLsf] u'b2f/df
s'rf]df 8f"7 jf 6\o'j nfO6x? 3';fg]{ .
d]h/ 6fu'jfn] cfºgf] l/kf]6{df ljleGg kLl8tx?sf] ;d]t gfd
pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] eg]sf 5g\–æut @))# sf] cS6f]j/b]lv l8;]Da/leq cj' wl/j
h]ndf s}of]+ aGbLx?dfly b'vbfoL, lgn{Hh / lg/y{s ck/flws b'Jo{jxf/ ePsf c;+Vo
pbfx/0fx? 5g . of] k|0ffnLut / u}/sfg'gL b'Jojxf/ #&@ cf}+ ldln6/L k'ln;
sDkgL, #@) cf}+ ldln6/L k'ln; j6flnog / *)) cf}+ ldln6/L k'ln; lj|u]8sf s}of]+
;b:ox?n] hfgL a'lemsg agfPsf x'g\ .Æ
d]h/ 6fu'jfn] cfºgf] l/kf]6{df cd]l/sL ;}lgssf jj{/ cdfgjLo
lqmofsnfksf ;fIfLx?sf aofg ;d]t ;fd]n u/]sf 5g\ . #&@ cf}+ ldln6/L k'ln;
sDkgLsL ;b:o ;jl/gf x/dg{n] lbPsf] ljj/0f cg';f/ Pp6f jfSofz+df gf¨} /flvPsf]
aGbLsf cf}nf, v'§f / ln¨df s/]06sf tf/x? hf]l8Psf lyP / pgsf] sfd tL aGbLnfO{
hfuf /fVg' lyof] . ;f]xL sDkgLsf hf;f]g s]g]nn] aGbLdfly b'Jojxf/ ul/Psf] l:ylt
o;/L eGb5g\– …ltgLx? ;a} gf¨} agfOPsf lyP . ldln6/L k'ln;n] xfdLnfO{ aGbLsf
;'Tg] sk8f, tGgf / nufpg] sk8fx? x6fpg eg] .Ú !)( cf}+ Pl/of ;kf]6{ d]l8sn
j6flnogsf lgn j6flnogn] eg]sf 5g–æh]ndf hf"bf d}n] b]v]+ ls k'?if
aGbLx?nfO{ dlxnfsf c08/j]o/x? nufpg jfWo kfl/Psf lyof], h'g dnfO{ nfU5 Tof]
pgLx?nfO{ clee"t kfg'{ xf] .Æ
cd]l/sL ;]gfs} Ps d]h/sf] l/kf]6{ / cd]l/sL ;]gfs} s]xL
;b:osf] aofg cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] / cGttM cd]l/sfsf] qm"/tf / cdfjLo jj{/tfsf]
jf:tljs ?k lrGg sfkmL 5g\ . ljutdf ljleGg b]zdf x:tIf]k ubf{ tL b]zsf
aGbLx?dfly ul/Psf oftgf / b'Jo{jxf/sf >[ªvnfx?s} hf/L ?k x'g\ O/fsL
aGbLx?dfly oftgf / b'Joxf/sf oL cdfgjLo sf/gfdfx? .
cd]l/sL ;]gfsf o:tf oftgfn] l;¨f] ljZj ;EotfnfO{ lvNnL
p8fPsf] 5 . cd]l/sL Gofok|]dL hgtfsf] g"/ lu/fPsf] 5 . To;}n] klg xf]nf
cd]l/sL ;]gf s} e"k"j{ sd{rf/Lx?, cGo k|ultzLn / hgkIfLo JolQmTjx?,
jfl;ª6g kf]i6b]lv Go'of]s{ 6fOD; / l;PgPgsf ;~rf/ dfWodn] cd]l/sL …;EotfÚ sf]
kf]n vf]lnlbPsf 5g\ . Pl;of / ck|mLsfnfO{ ;Eotf / dfgjLotf …l;sfpg]Ú cd]l/sf
:j+o slt c;Eo / cdfgjLo /x]5 Tof] ;8sel/ kf]lvPsf] 5 .
;g\ !(&& b]lv *) ;Dd cd]l/sL ;]gfdf sfd u/]sL zflGt
…e]6/fG;Ú 8fogf /]hDofg hf] cd]l/sfleq …x' Oh x'Údf ;'lrs[t l5gn] cd]l/sL
;]gfn] lbPsf] oftgf / b'Jojxf/sf] lj/f]w ub}{ n]v]sL l5g\–cd]l/sL ;]gfsf
clwsf/Ln] eg] h:t} tL lqmofsnfk cd]l/sL ;]gf ;b:o :j+on] u/]sf xf]Ogg\ .
cd]l/sL ;]gfn] lvr]sf lrqx? lzsf/Ln] lzsf/ ;dft]kl5 To;;"u kmf]6f] lvRg]
k|j[lt h:t} 5 . dflg;x? df5f h:t} agfOPsf 5g\ . cd]l/sL ;]gfx? 7"nf] df5f]
;dft]kl5 To;nfO{ prfn]sf] kf]hdf kmf]6f] lvr] h:t} s'g} O/fsLnfO{ …aN5LÚdf
plwg]sf] kf]hdf kmf]6f] lvlr/x]sf] 5 .
sNkgf ug'{;\ t gf¨} kfl/Psf O/fsLx?sf] xft / v'§fdf xTs8L
af"w]/ rfª nufOPsf] 5 / 5]j}df cd]l/sL ;]gfx? a'9L cf}+nf 7f8f] -ljhosf]
;+s]t_ ul//x]sf 5g\ . k"j{ Dofl/g n]km\l6g]G6 s0f]{n ljn sf]j]g eGb5g\–æoL
dflg;x? Pslbg t 5'6\g]5g\ . ltgsf kl/jf/n] yfxf kfpg] 5g\ . ltgsf ;fyLx?n] yfxf
kfpg]5g\ . xfdLn]] o;sf] d"No r'sfpg} kg]{5 .Æ
cd]l/sL ;]gfsf st'{tx? ;fj{hlgs ug]{ sfo{qmd …^) ldg]6Ú sf
k"j{ pTkfbs of/L nof08f]n] k|Zg p7fPsf 5g\–æltgLx?sf] ck/fw s] xf] <
sf] xf] sfg'gsf] pnª\3gstf{ < kl5Nnf] dt ;j]{If0fsf cg';f/ O/fsLx?
u7aGwgx?n] tTsfn O/fs 5f]8\g' kg]{ /fo JoQm ub{5g\ . ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] cg'dlt
ljgf csf{sf b]zdf x:tIf]k ug]{ x:tIf]ksf/L zlQm g} u}x\sfg'gL xf] .Æ
PDg]i6Ln] cd]l/sL st'{t ;fj{hlgs ePkl5 eg]sf] 5– æxfd|f]
O/fsdf ePsf] 3gLe"t vf]h cg';f/ of] Pp6f Vofn gul/Psf] 36gf xf]Og .
cd]l/sfn] 36gfx? 6]lnlehgsf kbf{x?df cfPkl5 k+ltlqmof lbP/ dfq sfkmL 5}g
.cd]l/sfsf] dfgjclwsf/sf] bf]xf]/f] dfkb08 / k|:t[lt;"u} O/fsdf g]t[Tjsf]
7"nf] ;ª\s6 5 .Æ To;}u/L cfO;Lcf/;Ln] pQm 36gfjf/]df Ps jif{ cl3 g}
cd]l/sfnfO{ k|ltj]bg a'emfp"bf klg s'g} sf/jfxL gul/Psf] s'/f ;fj{hlgs
u/]sf] 5 .
kfls:tfgsf k//fi6« dGqfnosf k|jQmfn] …aGbLx?nfO{ ul/Psf]
nfhdbf]{ / b'vbfoL b'Jo{xf/k|ltsf] xfd|f] 3[0ff ljZjsf dflg;x?sf] h:t} 5 .Æ
eg]sf 5g\ . dn]l;ofsf] ljkIfL bnsf dxf;lrjn] eg]sf 5g\–æ;+;f/nfO{ dfgjclwsf/sf]
pkb]z lbg] cd]l/sfsf] bf]wf/] dfkb08nfO{ To:tf 3[l0ft 36gfn] k|Z6 kf/]sf] 5 .
cd]l/sL / ljl6«; ;]gf O/fsaf6 t'?Gt x6\g' k5{ . ltgLx?sf lqmofsnfkn] d'lZnd
hgtfk|lt ltgLx?sf] 3[0ff :ki6 b]lvPsf] 5 . ltgLx? cem} O/fsLnfO{ d'Qm ug{
cfPsf] s;/L eGg ;S5g\ .Æ
dflysf s]xL dxTjk"0f{ tYo, k|ltlqmof / k|df0fx? k|:t't
ul/;Sbf cd]l/sfsf] af:tljs lrq :ki6 b]Vg ;lsG5 . @))! ;]K6]Da/kl5
ckmuflg:tfgleq /x]sf aGbLu[x, Ujf6]dfnfsf] 6fk' / clxn] O/fsdf /x]sf aGbLu[xdf
ul/Psf] b'Jo{xf/ / oftgfsf sf/gfdfx? a]nf–a]nfdf ;fj{hlgs eO/x]sf 5g\ .
ljgfsf/0f csf]{ ;fj{ef}d /fi6«dfly x:tIf]k u/L Toxf"sf k"j{ zf;gsf
sd{rf/L, hgkIfLo dflg;x?, cd]l/sf lj/f]wL dflg;nfO{ jj{/ oftgf lbg], dfg]{ ug]{
u/]sf] 5 .
oftgf / jj{/tfsfsf nflu s'Voft pbfx/0f ag]sf] lx6n/nfO{ ;d]t
cd]l/sfn] k5fl8 kf/]sf] 5 . lx6n/n] Uof"; r]Dj/df xfn]/ s]xL ldg]6d}
dfb{Yof] . s]xL l5gsf] kL8fd} Tof] >[ªvnf vtd x'GYof] t/ cd]l/sfn] t jj{/tf
/ cdfgjLotfsf] xb g} gf3]sf] 5 . cd]l/sfn] dfgj ;Eotf, lzi6tf, dof{bf ;a}nfO{ oftgf
lbPsf] 5 / xTof u/]sf] 5 . d'lZnd jf cGo s'g} wd{, ;fdflhs ;Eotf, dfgjLo
lzi6tfsf] ljkl/t dlxnf k'?ifnfO{ gf¨} /fVg], ;Def]u ug{ nufpg], anfTsf/ ug]{,
u/fpg], s}of]+ lbg gf¨} /fVg] h:tf nfhdbf{ / ;'Gbf 3[0ff nfUg] lo 36gfx?n]
dWoo'uLg jj{/tfnfO{ lj;f{OlbPsf] 5 . cd]l/sfn] @! cf]+ ztfAbLsf] z'?jft
;"u;"u} l;¨f] dfgj ;Eotfsf] unf /]6]sf] 5 . jfx a'z † jfx\ cd]l/sf †
dfgjclwsf/ / zflGtsf] s:tf] pkb]z <
t/ ljZj TolQs} cd]l/sfsf] cdfgjLotf 6]lnlehgsf :qmLgx?df
x]/]/ kfgL–kfgL rP/ dfq /xg]jfnf 5}g . ljZjsf ;r]t hgtfsf] tLj| lj/f]wkl5
cd]l/sL /fi6«klt a'z / p;sf] d08nL nfhn] 6fpsf] lgx'¥ofp"b} uf]xLsf]
cf"z' emfl//x]5 . ;+;f/sf] dl;xf a'z cfh O/fsL aGbL / O/fsL hgtf;"u
dfkm dfUg jfWo ePsf] 5 . t/ olQn] dfq} k'Ub}g / cd]l/sL k"j{ ;]gf clwsf/Ln]
eg] em}+ cd]l/sfn] o;sf] d"No cjZo r'sfpg' kg]{5 .