g]kfnu+h ÷ klZrd g]kfnsf] af"s] jlb{ofdf ls;fg ;+3if{
rls{/x]sf] 5 . ;fGtsf ;of}+ lj3f hdLg sAhf eO{/x]sf] 5 / ;'s'Djf;L ls;fgx?nfO{
ljt0f ug]{ klg hf/L g} 5 .
a}zfv @% ut] zfxL;]gfsf 8fS6/sf] jlb{of j}bL l:yt $* lj3f hdLg sAhf ePsf] 5 . d}gfkf]v/Lsf ;fdGtx? k[YjL ;dz]/ /fgfsf] Ps;o lj3f, j}s'07 /fgfsf] krf; lj3f / uf]/v rGbsf] 8]p8fsnf l:yt !@ lj3f hdLg sAhf ul/Psf] 5 . af"s] alb{ofsf hgtf xfn cfd /fhgLlts x8\tfn / hUuf sAhfsf sfddf ;s[otf k"j{s nfu]sf 5g\ . b}lgs x'g] u|fdL0f ;efx?df xhf/f}+ hgtf ;xefuL eO/x]sf 5g\ . ufp"df ls;fg ;+3if{ rs{b} ubf{ zx/x?df hgd'lQm ;]gfsf cjf{g u'l/Nnfx?n] zfxL ;QFsf slyt ;'/IffsdL{nfO{ sfjf{xL hf/L /fv]sf 5g\ . a}zfv @% ut] g]kfnu+hsf] d'Vo ahf/ glhs e[s'6Lgu/df k"j{ k|x/L gL/LIfs n]vaxfb'/ k'gsf] hgd'lQm ;]gfn] ;kmfof ul/lbPsf 5g\ . ?s'dsf] r'gjfª 3/ ePsf k"j{ k|x/L gLl/Ifs n]vaxfb'/ yfkfn] pgL k|x/Ldf sfo{/t\ x'"bf ?s'd, af"s], alb{of / ;'v]{tdf sof}+ xTof, cft+s / anfTsf/sf] 36gfsf d'Vo cleo'Qm klg x'g\ .
g]kfnu+hdf cfln;fg dxn agfPsf gLl/Ifs k'g df]6/;fOsnaf6
3l/leq k:g} vf]Hbf hgd'lQm ;]gfn] xdnf u/]sf lyP . pgsf] s]xL If0fd} d[To' eof]
.
;]tL–dxfsfnLsf df]6/ af6f]
hg;]gfsf sAhfdf
wgu9L÷ s0ff{nL lr;fkfgL klZrdsf ;Dk"0f{ JO:t /fhdfu{x?
ca hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] sAhfdf cfPsf 5g\ . hgd'lQm ;]gfs]f ;'/Iff / lgb]{zgdf dfq oL
/fhdfu{x?df gful/s ;jf/L ;fwgx? rln/x]sf 5g\ . u}/;}lgs dxTjsf / cTofjZos
hgrf;f]sf ;jf/L ;fwg afx]s s'g}klg ;/sf/L ;jf/L ;fwgx?nfO{ oL /fhdfu{x?df
k|ltaGW h:t} 5 .
kl5Nnf lbgx?df s0ff{nL lr;fkfgL b]lv s~rgk'/sf] u8\8frf}sL;Ddsf]
dx]Gb| /fhdfu{sf] v08df ;/sf/L ;jf/L ;fwgx?sf] cfjfudg aGb k|fo 5 . ;}lgs 6«s /
6\of+s/x? clxn] of] /fhdfu{df b]lvb}gg\ . slxn]sf"xL gful/s ;jf/L ;fwg
k|of]u u/]/ ;}lgsx? ofqf ub{5g\ .
otf wgu9L b]lv ;f"km]au/ ;Dd, a}t8Lsf] uf]7fnfkfgL /
aemfªsf] emgfgf;Ddsf :yfgLo df]6/ af6f]x? klg hg;]gfs]f sAhfdf 5g\ . /, oL
df]6/ af6f]df hgd'lQm ;]gfs]f lgoldt u:tL hf/L 5 . cfOtaf/ dfq} ;]tL–dxfsfnLsf
ljleGg 5 7fp"df hg;]gf / zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfaLr eL8Gtx? ePsf 5g\ . t/,
xtfxtLsf s'g} va/ k|fKt ePsf 5}gg\ .
a}zfv @^ ut] hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfns]f 6's8Ln] uf]bfj/L l:yt
;/sf/L oftfoft ljefusf] klZrd l8lehg sfof{nonfO{ Wj:t agfOlbPsf 5g\ . of]
cfqmd0faf6 zfxL ;QFnfO{ s/f]8f}+ gf]S;fgL ePsf ]5 . oftfoft Joj:yf ljefun] zfxL
cd]l/sL ;]gfnfO{ ;jf/L ;fwg b'?kof]u ug{ lbPsfn] ;f] cfqmd0f ul/Psf] a'lemPsf]
5 . To:t} 6Lsfk'/ gu/kflnsf sfo{no leq} uP/ hgd'lQm ;]gfn] Ps s'Voft\ k|x/L
xjNbf/sf] ;kmfof ul/lbPsf 5g\ .
a}zfv @# / @$ ut] alb{ofsf] ef}/f 6fk'/sf xhf/f}+ ls;fgn]
Toxf"sf ;fdGt bofg/l;+x /f0ff, czf]s /f0ff / dx]Gb| /f0ffsf] !(( lj3f hUuf
sAhf u/]sf 5g\ . h'jf, xnf], km?jf ;lxtsf xhf/f}+ ;'s'Djf;L / ls;fgx? h'n';
lnP/ ;fdGtsf] hUuf sAhf ug{ uPsf lyP . sAhf ul/Psf] hUuf !#% hgf ;s's'Djf;LnfO{
ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . hUuf sAhfsf qmddf uPsf] ljzfn ls;fg dflr{ªdf r'nL ;f":s[lts
sDkgLn] hg;f":s[lts k|:t'tL cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] .
o;}u/L a}zfv @@ ut] s}nfnLsf] /fdlzv/ emfnf uf=h=;=sf
k"j{ /]~h/ hGhfsfGt emf"sf] !* lj3f # s¶f hdLg sAhf ePsf] 5 . pQm
hdLg sAhf ug{ kf"rxhf/ hgtf e]nf
ePsf lyP . sAhf ul/Psf] hdLgdf cfof]lht sfo{qmddf dfcf]jfbL g]tfx? >j0f,
k|tfk, ;'of]u / ls;fg g]tf /fdaxfb'/ rf}w/Ln] ;Djf]wg ug'{ eof] . of] hdLg
b'MvLnfn rf}w/L, nK6g rf}w/L, d:tL rf}w/L, df3] g]kfnL, nIdL rf}w/L nufot !*
kl/jf/nfO{ ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
To:t} a}zfv @) ut] s}nfnLsf] af}lgofsf ;fdGt s[i0fh+u zfxsf]
^) lj3f hUuf sAhf ePsf] 5 . ;fdGt s[i0fh+u zfxs} pkl:ylt / ;xdltdf of] hdLg
k|lt kl/jf/ !–! lj3fsf] b/n] ;'s'Djf;L kl/jf/nfO{ ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . s}nfnLs}
kxndfgk'/ sf]6fufp"sf ;fdGt k|]daxfb'/ yfkfsf] !@ lj3f hdLg sAhf u/]/ k|lt
kl/jf/ !–! lj3fsf] b/n] e"ldlxg ls;fgnfO{ ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
slknj:t'÷ slknj:t'df sfo{/t\ hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn klxnf] lj|u]8
cGt/utsf] zx/L u'/LNnf bnsf Knf6'g sdf08/ s= ljZjsf] xTof/f zfxL ;]gfn]
lgdd{dtfk"j{s xTof u/]sf] 5 . ut a}zfv @) ut] sfdljz]ifn] slknj:t'sf]
y'lgofdf k'Ug'ePsf s= ljZjnfO{ xTof/f zfxL ;]gfn] 3]/fxfnL uf]nL xfg]sf] lyof]
. pxf"n] xTof/f zfxL;]gf;"u w]/} ;do;Dd lj/tfk"j{s k|ltsf/
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ev{/} a]gL df]rf{df ;xefuL eP/ cfkm\gf] sfo{IF]qdf kms{g' ePsf
s= ljZjsf] 3/ Ko'7fg lhNnfdf k5{ . jxf";+u} /xg'ePsL Pl/of ;ldlt ;b:o s=
c~hnLnfO{ zfxL;]gfn] a]kQf agfPsf] 5 . o;cl3 a}zfv !& ut] xTof/f zfxL;]gfn]
c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ skLnj:t' lhNnfWoIf nIdL g]kfnL -piff_sf] sf]kjfdf xTof
u/]sf] lyof] . ut xKtf hgfb]zdf pxf"sf] af/]df unt ;"rgf / kmf]6f]
k|sflzt ePsf]df hgfb]z kl/jf/ v]b JoQm ub{5 . s= nIdL g]kfnL cljjfxLt
x'g'x'GYof] . o;}u/L a}zfv @# ut] ?k]Gb]xLsf] l;4fy{gu/ $ df ;fdGt ;j]{Gb|gfy
z'Snfsf] 3/df hgd'lQm ;]gfn] ljikmf]6 u/]sf 5g\ .
hfh/sf]6df ;f":s[lts
hgk|lt/f]w cleofg
hfh/sf]6÷ clvn g]kfn hg;f":s[lts ;+3 cGt/ut h'lg
;f":s[lts kl/jf/ hfh/sf]6n] ut )^) r}q ! ut]af6 )^! a}zfv d;fGt ;Ddsf nflu
;f":s[lts hgk|lt/f]w cleofg ;+rfng u/]sf] 5 .
;f] ;f":s[lts hgk|lt/f]w cleofgn] hg;d'bfonfO{
;f":s[lts ?kn] k|lt/f]wfTds r]tgfsf] ljsf; u/fpb} nu]sf] 5 . h'lg
;f":s[lts kl/jf/n] cleofgsf] bf}/fgdf & j6f dxTjk"0f
;f":s[lts ;efx? ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . sl/a b'O{ bh{g ;lxb kl/jf/x?;+u e]63f6
u/]sf] 5 . lzIfs, sd{rf/L / a'l4hLljx?;+u gof" hgjfbL ;+:s[ltsf] ljifodf
cGt/s[of 5nkmnx? ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . # j6f vf8f] g[To ;d'x, $ j6f ;f":s[lts
;+u7g lgdf{0f x'g'sf] ;fy} ;f":s[lts sdL{x?åf/f dlxnf b'O{j6f / hgldlnl;of
^ j6f ;+u7g lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ . k}+s, l9d], 6fn]ufp", c5f{gLdf hg;d'bfo;+u
;f":s[lts hgk|lt/f]w cleofgn] /fd|f] ;DaGw :yflkt u/]sf] 5 .
;f":s[lts hgk|lt/f]w cleofg hfh/sf]6sf @! j6f uf=h=;= df ;+rflnt x'g]
cleofgsf sdf08/ xl/axfb'/ yfkf atfpg' x'G5 . cleofgdf nf]s g[Tox? b]p8f, ;f/+uL
VofnL, l;+uf?, df?gL k|bz{g x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . hf] g[Tox?n] ;a}nfO{ cToGt} df]xLt
/ p2]lnt kf/]sf 5g\ . b]p8f g[To;+u b]p8f uLt ufpg] sfo{ ;f":s[lts
kN6gåf/f eO/x]sf] 5 . h:t}
k'?if M e]s If]qsf /ftf
j:tL, nfnem08f kmx/fp5g\
cfwf/ IF]q ;'b[9 ub}{, emsdsL aNb}5g\
dlxnf M hgtfs]f ljb|f]xL
efjgf emg\ emg\ knfpb}5
alnbfgs]f n:s/ b]Vbf, emg phf{ a9\b}5
l;:g] hnhnfsf lz/
e]/L / s0ff{nL lt/
/rgf÷;+lut ljj]s
To:t} VofnL g[To;+u klg VofnL uLt k|:t't ug]{ ul/G5 .
jNnf 3/sf dflxnf a'j}
kNnf 3/sL dflxnL cfd}
;a} ldnL ;xsf/Ldf hfp"–@
;fbL l;pg 3/ hUufdf x], emu8f gu/f}+
;xsf/L u7g u/L x}, ;'vnfO{
gu'dfcf}+
/rgf÷;+lutM nId0f
of] ;xsf/L VofnL g[To ;lxts]f uLtn] ;a} hg;d'bfosf] ;fd'lxs
efjgfs]f clej[l4 ug{sf nflu w]/] ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 . ;fy} of] ;xsf/Lsf] dxTjjf]w
u/fpg] VofnL g[To tyf uLt hfh/sf]6 If]qdf ;a}eGbf nf]slk|o /x]sf] 5 .
cleofgsf] d'n gf/f M
;fdGtjfbL tyf ;fd|fHojfbL k'/fgf] ;+:s[lt lj?4 xfd|f] cfGbf]ng †
gof" ;f+:s[lts b:tf lgdf{0fsf] nflu ;f":s[lts
hgk|lt/f]w cleofg †† /x]sf] 5 .
;f":s[lts hgk|lt/f]w
cleofgsf nIox?
j}rfl/s
Pl/of, 6f]n k|To]s ljBfnodf :yfgLo :t/df /x]sf snfsf/x?;+u
cGt/s[of ug]{
kf6L{, ;]gf, ;Qf / ;lxb kl/jf/ aLr hgjfbL ;+;s[ltsf] af/]df
cGt/s[of ug]{
k'/ftg ;fdGtjfbL ;+:s[ltsf] e08fkmf]/ ug]{ tyf gof"
hgjfbL ;+:s[ltsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ tyf :yflkt ug]{
snfsf/ If]qaf6 alnbfg ug'{ ePsf ;lxb kl/jf/nfO{ clgjfo{
e]63f6 5nkmn / clegGbg ug]{
:yfgLo :t/df /x]sf snf ;flxTonfO{[ hgjfbLs[t ug]{ .
;+u7g
Pl/of :tl/o ;f":s[lts kl/jf/x? u7g ug]{
nf]sg[To ;d'xx? u7g ug]{ -b]p8f, vf8f], l;+uf?_
hg ;f":s[lts sdL{x?sf] sl/a b'O{ Knf6'gsf] b:tf lgdf{0f
ug]{
;+3if{
o'jfx?nfO{ ;f":s[lts ;]gfdf abNg]
?l9jfbL ;fdGtL ;+:s[ltsf] Aofks e08fkmf]/ ug]{
;f":s[lts e|i6x?nfO{ gfË]emf/ kfg]{
gf/f jfnk]lG6ª ug]{
cy{
ljsf; lgdf{0f tyf pTkfbg sfo{df hf]l8g]
>dlzjL/ tyf hg;]jf / ;f":s[lts sfo{qmdaf6 cy{ ;+sng
ug].{
/fhaxfb'/ s'"j/
xfd|f] klg oxL kf6L{df
Wofg / Hofg hfjf];\
kf08j yfkf÷
hGd]sf lyof}+ :j]bz xfd|f] cfhfb ug{nfO{ .
xf";]/ d¥of}+ g/fvL 8/ /0fdf kg{nfO{ ..
pko'Qm sljtfs]f k+lQm /f0ff lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf qmddf ;lxb
x'g]x?sf gfddf uf]s'nk|;fb hf]zLn] n]v]sf lyP . t/, clxn] of] sljtf hgo'4sf
qmddf xf";L–xf";L pRr d[To' j/0f ug]{ dxfg\ ;lxbsf kl/jf/x?n] cleJoQm
ub{5g\ . pgLx? sljtf t n]Vb}gg\ t/ sljtfdf pNn]lvt efjsf] dd{nfO{ cfTd;ft eg]
u/]sf 5g\ .
;lxb s= s0ff{nL -nfnk|;fb rf}nfufO{_ sDkgL sldzf/ x'g'x'GYof]
. pxf"sf] zxfbt alb{ofsf] 8]p8f Onfsfsf] skf; kmfd{ glhs} ;fOsndf lx8\b}
u/]sf] a]nf zfxL hNnfbx?sf] sAhfdf kl/ ePsf] lyof] . pxf"sf] hLjg ;+lugL s=
;"hf{ clxn] af"s]±;'v]{t lhNnfdf sfo{/t x'g'x'G5 . s= ;"hf{
-/fhs'df/L /f]sfof_ alnbfg ;+3sf] lhNnf cWoIf klg x'g'x'G5 . pxf"sf] egfO{
5– æhLjg ;fyL gx'"bf glhsaf6 efjgf ;f6\g] cj;/sf] sld t x'g] /x]5 t/
pxf"sf] pRr alnbfgn] cfkm"df yk lhDd]jf/L k}bf u/fPs]f / b'Zdgk|lt
tLa| 3[0ff hufPsf] 5 .Æ sfvdf 5f]/L :d[ltnfO{ /fVb} s= ;"hf{ eGg'x'G5–
æof] s= s0ff{nLsf] lrgf] xf] . d o;nfO{ pxf"s} af6f]df nufp"5' / ;Qf
k|fKt ePklg ;fDojfbL cfGbf]ngdf @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] ;]gf g} agfp"5' .Æ
cfwf/ IF]qsf] e|d0f ug]{ qmddf y'k|} ;lxb kl/jf/;+u e]6 x'g]
cj;/ ldNof] . clxn] hgo'4df zxfbt k|fKt u/]sf, c+ue+u eP/ z/L/ u'dfPsf, a]kQf
kfl/Psfx?sf kl/jf/x? æhgo'4 alnbfg ;+3Æ df cfj4 ePsf 5g\ . hgo'4 alnbfg ;+3df
a;]sf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?sf] Pp6} egfO{ lyof]– æhgo'4df ;lxb x'g]x?sf] cw'/f] ;kgf
k"/f ug]{ lhDd]jf/L xfdL af"r]sf / ;kfËx?sf] xf] . xfd|f] hLjg eg]s}
hgo'4 xf] .Æ
hfh/sf]6sf] pQ/–k"lj{ If]qsf ( j6f uf=h=;=nfO{ e]s
If]qLo df]8]n lhNnfsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ nIf cg';f/ cnUu} lhNnfsf] dfGotf lbO{
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . hgo'4sf] ;~rfng kl5 ;j{k|yd of] lhNnfsf] olx df]8]n
If]q cGt/ut nx" uf=h=;= sf] u}6]gL eL/df klxnf] /ut au]sf] lyof] . ;fob
of] 36gf hgo'4s} qmddf bf]>f] xTofsf08 x'g'k5{ . :yfgLo hgtfsf] egfO 5 ls
of] 36gf )%@ kmfug' !$ ut] lbgsf] @ ah] ePsf] lyof] . Tolta]nf uf]/vfdf
lbnaxfb'/ /Dt]nsf] /ut alu;s]sf] lyof] . To;}n] of] 36gf bf]>f] x'g k'u]sf] 5 . Toxf"
/ut aufpg] dfgaxfb'/ /fjn / dfgaxfb'/ anL x'g'x'GYof] . pxf"x?nfO{
nx" ufp"af6 lu/km\tf/ u/L bNnL k'¥ofpg] qmddf b'j}nfO{ Pp6} xTs8Ldf
af"w]/ ugfpg] kfgLsf] eL/af6 g/l;+xuf8df ws]n]/ dfl/Psf] lyof] . bf]>f]
36gf gfosjf8fsf] lh/L ufp"sf] h+undf /ltnfn /fjn / sflnaxfb'/ a:g]tnfO{
)%# cfiff9 * ut] xTof ul/Psf] lyof] . o;k|sf/ df]8]ndf /ut aUg] qmddf clxn];Dd
%! hgf eGbf a9Lsf] /ut au]sf] s'/f lhNnf O~rfh{ s= hLjgn] atfpg' eof] . olta]nf
a]gL / ef]hk'/ ;b/d'sfdsf] 36gfdf zxfbt x'g]x?sf] ;+Vof cfO{k'u]sf] eg] 5}g .
of] ;+Vof cem a9]sf] x'g;S5 .
eQm/fh uf}td -s=/d]z_ sDkgL ;x–sdf08/sf] a'jf k/dfsfGt
eGg'x'G5– ca xfdLnfO{ klg kf6L{n] tflnd / aGb's lbg'k5{ . pxf"sf] ;]gfdf
hfg] tla| OR5f 5 . t/, pd]/n] lb+b}g eGbf zlQm cg';f/ n8\g] t xf]gL eGg'x'G5 .
pxf" nx" uf=h=;= sf] k|d'v x'g'x'G5 . pd]/ ;f]4f ^) aif{ gf3+]
eGg'x'G5 . c? ;lxb kl/jf/nfO{ s] ;Gb]z lbg'x'G5 t eGbf pxf"sf] syg lyof]–
æxfdL k'/fg} lznlznfdf nfu]/ o'4 k'/f x'"b}g ca ;lxbsf] af6f] ks8\g' k5{
.Æ
df]8]n lhNnfsf] dlxnf ;+3sf] lhNnf ;Dd]ng rln/x]sf] lyof] .
;Snf uf=h=;=sf] ;'jfsf]6df lhNnfsf ;lxb
kl/jf/x?nfO{ clegGbg ug][ sfo{qmd /x]5 . lhNnfsf ;a} 7fp"sf ;lxb kl/jf/
hDdf x'g] cj;/ ldn]g t/ s]xL kl/jf/x? e]nf ePsf lyP . lt dWo] w]/} t hgo'4sf]
nfdjGbLdf ;dflxt eO;s]sf lyP . ;lxb t'n;f zfxL -s= qmflGt_sL cfdf clxn] %* aif{
k'u]+ . eGg'x'G5 . pxf"sf] egfO{ lyof]– 5f]/Ln] klg hgtfs]f gfddf alnbfg
lbOg\– d}n]klg Tolx ;f]+r]/ 5f]/Lsf] emf]nf af]s]/ lx8]sL 5' . ;lxb s=
uf]/vaxfb'/ zfxLsL cfdf aif{ ^% sL b]jL;/fsf] egfO{df kf6L{ pxf"sf]
e/f];fsf] cfwf/ vDaf xf] .ædnfO{ kf6L{sf dfG5] b]Vbf ;a} d]/} 5f]/f 5f]/L x'g
eGg] nfU5 . kf6L{sf dfG5] d]/f] 3/df cfO/fv] x'g] lyof] . 5f]/fn] 6]s]sf]
kfOnf] ;kmn xf];\ eG5' .Æ pxf"sf] HjfO{ dfgaxfb'/ zfxLsf] klg /ut au]sf]
5– o'4e"lddf .
pQm sfo{qmddf pkl:yt ePsf ;lxb kl/jf/x?sf] pkl:yltnfO{
tflnsfdf bf]vfp"bf lgDg cg';f/ b]lvG5 . hf] sfo{qmddf cleglGbt lyP .
;lxbx? qmflGtsf nflu cToGt} zlQmzfnL phf{ ag]sf 5g\ .
k|lts[ofjfbL zf;sx? dfG5]nfO{ df/]/ g} ;Qf arfpg] w[i6tf ub{5g\ . Ps dbf{ ;of}+
hGdg] / ;of}+ dfbf{ xhf/f}+ hGdg] qmflGts]f lgodnfO{ k|lts[ofjfbLx? aGb'sn]
bjfpg vf]H5g\ . of] t emg\ l:k|Ë h:tf] 5l6\s+bf] kf] /x]5, gq eg] qmflGtsf] ult
bf; o'uaf6 dfly p7\g] g} lyPg xf]nf ;fob . o;f] x'g'sf] sf/0f xf] ljrf/, efjgf
/ dfG5]sf] c6'6 cf:yf . olx cf:yf / ljrf/n] ubf{ >Ldfgs]f emf]nf af]Sg
>LdtL, 5f]/f 5f]/Lsf] af6f] k5\ofp"b} a'9f a'9L cfdfx?, / cfkm\gf
bfh'–efOsf] / lbbL alxgLx?sf] abnf lng' pgsf efO{–alxgLx? d[To'nfO{
7fp"7fp" xf"s lb+b} b'Zdgsf j+s/x?df k6\sL /x]sf 5g\ / ;fgf
:s'n] gfgLx?n] gf/f nufp"5g\– æxfd|L cfdf– lhGbfjfb, 1fg]sL cfdf
d"bf{jfb †Æ
æxfd|f] klg olx kf6L{d} Wofg / Hofg hfjf];\ eGg] nfU5 .Æ of]
egfO{ lyof] ;lxb ljgf]b lj=s= sf a'jf xif{axfb'/ lj=s= sf] . pxf"n] kf6L{sf]
of]hgf / gLlt ;xL eP/ g} hgo'4sf] oqf] ljsf; ePsf] eGg'eof] . a'jfsf] k|]/0ffn]
g} qmflGtdf nfu]sf] atfpg] dg /fjt -;lxb /tLnfnsf] 5f]/L_n] eGg'eof] a'jfn]
b]zs} nflu /ut lbg' eof] . lhljt 5"bf xfdL ;a}nfO{ /fhgLlt l;sfpg' eof] .
h;sf] sf/0f cfdf klg lx+8\g' ePsf] 5 .
kf6L{ g} ;j}yf]s xf] eGg] ljrf/ /fVg'x'G5– ;lxb kTgL b]p?kf
v8\sfn] . >Ldfgs]f zxfbt kl5 ;a} ;DklQ kf6L{s/0f u/L 5f]/f 5f]/LnfO{ klg afn
:ofxf/ s]Gb|df /fv]sf] atfpg'x'G5– pxf" . lsg o;f] ug'{eof] t eGbf
pxf"n] eGg'eof]– æxfdLn] ;DkQL kf6L{s/0f u/L ;a} kl/jf/ -Ps gGb / b]j/_
;d]t o'4df ;fd]n x'"bf hgtfsf] dgf]jn klg p7\g] / kf6L{ k|lt nufgL hfg]
ePsfn] u/]sf xf}+ . of] k|]/0ff lbg] ltg} ;lxbx? x'g\ .Æ
;DkQL kf6L{s/0f ug]{ ljrf/ /fVg'x'G5 ;lxb ch'{g /fgf ls cfdf
lji0f'dfof /fgf . 5f]/fnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]/ nu]sf] a]nf ;]gfs]f Aof/]sd} uP/
d]/f] 5f]/fnfO{ sxf" xfNof}+ < olb d]/f] 5f]/fnfO{ df/] klg ltd|f] ;Qf
l6Sb}g eg]/ nNsf/]sf] atfpg' x'G5 . 5f]/fs} zxfbtn] cfkm'nfO{ o'4df nfUg]
k|]/0ff ldn]sf] atfpg' x'G5 .
o'4n] dfG5]nfO{ t/ËLt agfPsf] 5 . /fhgLltsf] …/Ú ;Dd ghfGg]
s] dlxnf, s] a'9fa'9L ;a} clxn] /fhg}lts sfo{stf{ ag]sf 5g\ . sf]xL uf=h=;=
k|ltlglw 5g\ t sf]xL kf6L{sf lhDd]jf/ sfo{stf{ ePsf 5g\ . o'4df sfo{stf{ aGg g
t pd]/n] 5]Sbf] /x]5 g t 3/fo;L emd]nfn] . clxn] o'jf b]lv j[4 ;Dd ;a} df]rf{df
nfdaGbL ePsf 5g\ . /, ;a} ;lxb kl/jf/x?sf] Pp6} cfjfh 5– h;nfO{ uf]s'ns} zAbdf–
uPsf lyof} b]zsf] sfd xfdLnfO{ 5f]8]/,
zf]if0fsf] hu} pv]nL
km\ofS5f}+ a:b}gf} ;x]/ †
sf] v'Nnf sf] e"ldut
eGg] s'/f hgtfnfO{ ;f]Wg' k5{ .
kf08j yfkf
zf]jaxfb'/ dNn clxn] ^$ aif{sf x'g'x'G5 . pxf" ;'v]{t
8f"8fvfnL uf=h=;= O~rfh{ x'g'x'G5 . @)@$ ;fndf kf6L{ ;b:otf lnPsf dNn
Pdfn]af6 ljb|f]x u/L dfcf]jfbLdf k|j]z u/]/ cfGbf]ngdf nfu]sf] atfpg' x'G5 .
lsg Pdfn] 5f]8\g' eof] t eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf pxf" eGg'x'G5– æTolta]nf
Pdfn]n] ju{;+3if{ ug]{, aGb'saf6 ;Qf vf]:g], s'/f uy]{ . r'gfjL af6f]
;+zf]wgjfbL af6f] eGby] t/ clxn] ju{;+3if{sf] af6f] TofUg] dfq geO{ ;fdGtL
/fhtGqnfO{ ;d]t :jLsf/ u¥of] / To;}sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ 7]Ssf ;d]t lnPkl5 xfdL
sDo'lgi6 cf:yf / ljrf/ ePsf dfG5] Toxf" a:g] l:ylt t x'g] s'/} ePg lg .Æ
)%@÷)%# ;fndf hfh/sf]6 lt/af6 dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx? cfp"bf pxf"x?;+u
5nkmn ubf{ cfkm"n] ;f]+r]sf] kf6L{ oxL ePsf] kfP kl5 nfluof] eGg'x'G5–
pxf" .
a'9];sfndf e"ldut hLjg ljtfpg' kbf{ cK7\of/f] nfUb}g
eGbf pxf"n] k|lt k|Zg ub}{ eGg'eof]– æe"ldut xfdL 5f}+ ls k'/fgf]
;Qfsf k'ln; ;]gf / p;sf sfo{stf{ 5g\ < xfdL t )%@÷)%# lt/ ;Dd t e"ldut
x'g'k¥of] ca t b'Zdg kf] e"ldut 5 t . xfdLn] ;Qf lgdf{0f u/]/ hgtfsf]
jLrdf sfd ul//x]sf 5f} t . xfdL e"ldut 5f} ls k|lts[ofjfbL 5g\ hgtfnfO{
;f]w] x'G5 . pxf" eGg'x'G5– 8f"8fvfnL uf=h=;=sf] */ ( g+=jf=h=;=n]
;fx'vf]nfdf Pp6f lg=df=lj=vf]lnPsf] 5 . jf8{ g+=@ df # hgf lzIfs gLhL >f]tdf
/fv]sf] 5 . To:t} ufp"sf] jf6f] vGg], vfg]kfgLnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ sfd u/]sf]
5 . :jf:Yo tkm{ klg ufp"df x/]s 3/df Ps–Ps j6f rkL{ lgdf{0f ug]{, dn vf8n
tof/ ug]{, e"f8f df´\g] lglZrt :yfgdf h'7]Ngf] tof/ ug]{ h:tf sfdnfO{
cleofgfTds ?kdf nu]sf 5f} . To:t} u/L x/]s dlxgfsf] klxnf] lbgnfO{
sDo"lgi6 >dlbg dgfpg] u/]sf 5f} . pQm lbg ufp"sf hgtf / xfdL sfo{stf{
ldn]/ s'g} ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] sfd u5f} . >dlbgdf hgtfnfO{ hjh{:tL n}hfg'x'G5
ls eGg] k|Zg ubf{ pxf"sf] egfO{ lyof] . –clxn] ;f]Xf} ztfAbL klg xf]O{g / of] /fhfsflng o'u klg xf]Og, @!cf}
ztfAbLsf hgtfnfO{ xfdLn] hjh{:tL u/]sf] eP of] o'4 oxf" ;Dd cfpg] g} lyPg,
b'O{–rf/ dlxgf d} l;l4g] lyof] .
:d/0fLo 5 ls x/]s dlxgfsf] klxnf] lbg Ps -ut]_ nfO{
sDo"lgi6 >dlbg dgfpg] lg0f{o ut jif{ j;]sf] klZrd s]lGb|o sdfgsf]
a}7sn] u/]sf] lyof] .
hfh/sf]6 khf? uf=h=;=
k|d'v ;h{g j'9f uf=h=;=sf] ljsf; lgdf{0fdf hgtfsf] ;xeflutf /fd|f] x'g]
jtfpg'x'G5 . uf=h=;= df ljsf; lgdf{0f u/]sf] af/] jtfpb} eGg'x'G5– jf8{ g+ #
sf] ;]/fufp"df :jf:Yo rf}sLsf] ejg, jf8{ g+= & sf]
8f"8fufp"df uf=h=;= ejg lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . vfg]kfgLsf] ;Gt'lnt
aGbf]j:t ul/Psf] 5 . uf=h=;=sf] ljleGg :yfgdf s"n $) ls=dL= gof"
af6f] lgdf{0f / 3f]uLdf v]nd}bfg klg lgdf{0f u/]sf] s'/f s'/fsfgLsf] j]nf
pxf"n] eGg' eof] – ljsf;sf] /sd vr{ ubf{ s] cfwf/df ug'{x'G5 eGg] k|Zgsf]
hjfkmdf pxf"– uf=h=;=sf ;j} hgtfsf] e]nf ul/G5 / Tolx e]nfdf uf=h=;=sf]
/sd / ljsf; of]hgf ;fj{hlgs ul/G5 / To;kl5 hgtfnfO{ g} lg0f{o ug{nufO{ sfd
ul/G5 . xfdLn] hgjfbsf] clwstd pkof]u ug{ lbPsf 5f}, pxf"sf] syg lyof] .
uf=h=;=sf] cfo >f]t jf/] k|d'v j'9fn] eGg' eof]–
;fd"bflos jgsf] sf7, bfp/f, ljt/0fsf] k"hL{af6 k|fKt /sd, :j]lA5s
rGbf ;+sng, hUuf /lhi6]«zg tyf cGo ljljw ?kjf6 cfo cfh{g ul/G5 .
clxn] cfwf/If]qsf hgtfn] cfÎgf k/Dk/fut ?9Lut ;+:sf/ klg qmdz
M 5f]8\b} uPsf 5g\ . hGd ;+:sf/, ljjfx ;+:sf/ / d[To' ;+:sf/df t cfkm"nfO{ kl/jt{g g} cfPsf] h:tf]
dfGg' k5{ . k|d'vsf] egfO{ 5– xfdLn] hgtfdf Jofks hgr]tgf cleofg ;~rfng u¥of}
h:n] ubf{ hgtfdf /fd|f] k|efj k¥of] .
clxn] ufp"sf b}–b]jtf dfGg], yfgLdf d08nL k"Hg], wfdL ´f"qmL
dfGg] rng k"0f{ ?kn] cGTo ePsf] jtfpg' x'G5 . ljjfxdf klg ;'wf/ cfPsf]
pxf"sf] wf/0ff 5 . pxf" eGg'
x'G5– klxn] jfn ljjfx ug]{ rng JofKt lyof], clxn] pd]/sf] xb tf]lsPsf] 5 . h;n]
ubf{ ;fdflhs ljs[ltdf w]/} sdL cfPsf] 5 .
uf=h=;= ;~rfng ug{ Tolt ;xh / ;/n 5}g . xhf/f}+ aif{ k'/fgf]
?9Lut r]tgf ;of}+ aif{sf] ;fdGtL ;Qfn] kf/]sf] k|efjnfO{ Ps}rf]6L abNg ufx|f] 5
. To;}n] k|d'v ;h{g a'9f atfpg'x'G5 ;Qf ;+rfng ug{ / ;+u7g kl/rfng ug{ s]xL
;d:ofx? klg 5g\ . pxf"sf cg';f/ hgtfs]f cfwf/e"t r]tgf kl/jt{gzLn
ePklg d"ne"t r]tgf cem} s]xL ?9Lut /x]sf], ;+u7g lgdf{0f / kl/rfngdf
gof" ljlw vf]hLg'kg]{, afn, ax' / cgd]n ljjfx Pp6} JolQm;+u hf]l8P/ cfpg]
x'"bf sfjf{xLdf s]xL ;d:of /xg] u/]sf], cfTdlge{/tfsf] >f]tsf] cem]+
vf]hL ul/g'kg]{ h:tf ;d:ofx? /x]sf 5g\ . o:tf ;d:ofsf aLr klg o'4sflng
kl/j]zsf] ;Qf ePsfn] kl/l:ylt cg's"n ;~rfng u/]sf 5f}+ / o'4sf] ljsf;;+u}
;d:of ;dfwfg klg eP/} hfG5, k|d'v a'9fsf] syg lyof] .
cfwf/ If]qdf dfq :yfgLo ;Qf Jojl:yt 5}gg\ . clxn] o'4sf]
ljsf;n] b]zsf *) k|ltzt u|fld0f If]q dfcf]jfbL ks8df k/]sfn] t/fO{sf uf=h=;=x?
klg qmdzM ;'b[9 / Jojl:yt x'"b} uPsf 5g\ . bfË lhNnfsf] k'/Gwf/f uf=h=;=df
xfn} lgjf{lrt k|d'v w|'j eGg'x'G5– xfdLn] cfwf/ If]qs} ;dfg ?kn] oxf"sf]
;QF rnfpg] s'/f t ePg t/ oxf"sf] ;fk]Iftfdf /fd|f];+u rnfPsf 5f}+ . ljsf;
lgdf{0fsf] sfd tkm{ rrf{ ub}{ pxf"n] Gofosf] IF]qsf, s'nf], gx/ lgdf{0f,
uf]/]6f], 3f8]6f] af6f] lgdf{0f ug]{, k'n k'n];f lgdf{0f h:tf sfdx? u/]sf 5f}+
.
clxn]sf] k|d'v sfd ;+3if{ g} xf] eGb} s= w|'jn] e"uf]n,
b'Zdgsf] kx'"r, hgtfsf] r]tgf :t/ / cfwf/ If]qsf] cj:yf cg';f/ slx+ ljsf;
lgdf{0f k|d'v / slx+ Wj+z k|d'v eP/ cfpg] atfpg' x'G5 . ;f":s[lts If]qdf oxf"
klg abnfj cfPsf] atfp"b} eGg'eof]– o'4sf] ljsf; / hg;Qfsf] gLlt
sfg"gn] ubf{ afnljjfx, ax'ljjfx, bfOhf] k|yf, hf"8 /S;L lgoGq0f h:tf
s'/fx?df s]xL ;'wf/ ePsf] / ljs[ltdf sld cfPsf] 5 .
o;/L olta]nf :yfgLo ;QF ;~rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ . hgtf ljgfs]f o'4
eGg]x?, hgtfnfO{ cftlÍt kf/]/ hgtfsf] dfgjflwsf/sf] pnª\3g ug]{ u/]sf] eg]/
cf/f]k nufpg]x? tL ;QF ;~rflnt 7fp"df uP/ lg/LIf0f / cg'udg ug{ r'gf}tL
lb+b} ;QF k|d'vx?n] eGg] u5{g\, xfd|f] gLlt / xfd|f] zf;gnfO{ cftÍsf/L b]Vg]x?
;fd|fHojfbL cd]l/sL 8f"sfx?sf gDa/L bnfn / /fi6«3ftLx? x'g\ .
b'O{ 306f ;Dd x'l/ rNbf
b'O{sf] Hofg uof]
r+vaxfb'/ /f]sfof
h'Dnf l;+hf÷ ut kmfu'g @$ ut] ljxfg * ah]b]lv !) ah] ;Dd
rn]sf] zlQmzfnL x'l/ t'kmfgn] wfkf uf=h=;= jf=h=;= g+= ! r'n]n ufp" lgjf;L
&) aifL{o ljhgGbf cfrfo{ / v}? gfds pgsf] ufO{sf] Hofg uPsf] 5 .
kxf8L b"u{d lhNnfs]f pQ/L If]q d'u'af6 au]sf] pQm x'l/n]
3/ glhssf] j6j/sf] ?vnfO{ kN6fP/ pgLx?sf] Hofg lnPsf] xf] .
b'O{ 306f;Dd rn]sf] x'l/ slta]nf /f]lsg] slta]nf rNg] ub{Yof]
. ljxfg (M#) ah] vfgf vfP/ 3fd tfKg lg:s]sL cfrfo{ cfdfsf] uDeL/ ?kdf 3fOt] eP/
tLglbg kl5 d[To' ePsf] lyof] eg] ufO{sf] 36gf:ynd} d[To' ePsf] :yfgLo afl;n]
atfP . ;f] x'l/ t'kmfgaf6 sof}+ dflg;sf] hLjg c:tJo:t ePsf] 5 .
ls;fgx? ;z:q hgdflr{Ë cleofgdf, ;fdGtx?sf hUuf sAhf
s~rgk'/÷g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ;]tL–dxfsfnL If]qLo Ao'/f]sf] cfof]hgfdf yflnPsf] ;z:q hgdflr{Ë cleofg cGt/ut s~rgk'/sf ls;fgx? ;z:q hgdfr{df ;xefuL ePsf 5g\ . cleofgnfO{ ;+3if{do agfpb} cfPsf ls;fgx? o'uf}+b]lv ;fdGtsf] d'¶Ldf /x]sf] clwsf/ vf];]/ lng] k|s[ofsf] yfngLdf ;fdGt sNof0f s]=;L=sf] @! ljufxf hdLgsf] pv' ;lxt $! ljufxf hdLg sAhf u/] . )^) r}q @$ sf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]nsf] lbgkf/L kxn ul/Psf] pQm ;+3if{df s~rgk'/sf ljleGg efuaf6 !)* 6\ofS6/, ;fOsn / k}bn ofqf u/L sl/a !) xhf/ ;z:q hg;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ls;fg ;+3if{sf] pQm df;nfO{ ;+jf]wg g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf s]=; s= ljgf]b tyf c=g]=ls=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ s]=;= /fdaxfb'/ rf}w/Ln] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] ;+rfng ljBfyL{ s]Gb|Lo g]tf /d]z dNnn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
pQm P]ltxfl;s ;+3if{sf ]d+raf6 ev{/] ;Dd]ngaf6 lgjf{lrt c=g]=ls=;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_ s~rgk'/sf] lhNnf ;ldltsf] 3f]if0ff ul/of] . h;df– cWoIf cdLg blxt,
pkfWoIf hfn'/fd rf}w/L, ;rLj gf/fo0f e§, ;x–;rLj k"0f{ /fgf, sf]iffWoIf
lznfs'df/L rf}w/L / ;b:ox?df, b]j/fh lu/L, sfn'/fd rf}w/L, dfof/fd rf}w/L,
l8=P;= nfdf, / hLtaxfb'/ rf}w/L x'g'x'G5 .
;f]xL sfo{qmddf s]xL lbg klxn] u:tLdf cfPsf] ;z:q hTyfsf]
l;kfxLnfO{ hgd'lQm ;]gfn] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] / cfjZos 5nkmn kl5 ;f]xL sfo{qmddf
6Lsf j/0f u/L 5f]l8of] . h;n] hgtfdf /fd|f] ;Gb]z lbof] .
>4f~hnL ;ef ;DkGg
s~rgk'/÷ lhNnfsf k'gjf{;
If]qdf ;fdGtL n7}t / ;+;bLo bnsf xTof/f k|ltsf/ bnsf u'08fx?åf/f xTof ul/g'
ePsf l8=l;=Pd= s= lzv/, P=l;=P;= åo s= lbk, s= cfO6d, P=l;=Pd= x? s= ;kgf, s=
lbg]z, ;]S;g sdf08/ s= ls/0f / kf6L{ ;b:o s= nId0fsf] / ev{/] abL{of
e+j/f6fj'df zxfbt k|fKt ug]{ cf/=la=Pd= tyf s}nfnL lhNnf ;]qm]6/L, hg;/sf/
k|d'v s= k|j]z tyf a]gLsf] ljhoL df]rf{df pRr zxfbt k|fKt ug]{ lj|u]8 le=l;= åo
s= ax'aL/, s= of]4f nufot && hgf / ;Dk"0f{ ;lxbx?k|lt xflb{s
>4f~hnL ck{0f u/L sfo{qmd z'? eof] .
sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly s= ljgf]b -l;=l;=Pd=_n] ;lxbsf]
uf}/jk"0f{ zxfbtaf6 lng'kg]{ lzIffaf/] rrf{ ub}{ eGg'eof]– xfd|f ;fyLn]
P;=Pd=hL= xfg]sf] eP tL w]/} dy]{, xfd|f] gLlt hgtf dfg]{ lyPg . cGt/lj/f]wsf]
;lx ;~rfng / hglbzfsf] l7s k|of]un] o:tf 36gfaf6 c;Ld ;ts{tf ckgfpg ;lsG5 . sfo{qmdsf
cGo aQmfdf cf/=la=Pd= s= cfbz{{, cf/=la=lPd= s= ljb|f]xL x'g'x'GYof] eg]
sfo{qmdsf] ;efklt l8=l;=P;= s= kj{t / ;+rfng l8=l;=Pd= s= ;'bLkn] ug'{ ePsf]
lyof] . pQm sfo{qmd @* r}qdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
b'Zdg SofDk glhs dlxnfsf]
kmd]{zg
8f]6L÷ b'Zdgsf] glhs} /x]sf] la=kL= gu/df ;z:q hgdfr{ cleofg
cGt/ut c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sf] k|]/0ff sDkgLn] eAo hg;ef ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .
c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ 8f]l6 hLNnf sf]iffWoIf e"dL;/f a'9fdu/sf]
cWoIftfdf ;DkGg pQm ;efsf] ;~rfns sDkgL sdf08/ s= lh1fiffn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
;f7L aif]{ j[4f / lzIfLsf nufot ;of}+ o'jtLx? ckl:yt /x]sf]
pQm k|]/0ff sDkgLn] sfo{qmdsf] k|f/Dedf b]p8f v]n v]n]/ hgpT;fxsf] t/+u k}bf
u/]sf] lyof] eg] To;kl5 u/]sf] sDkgLsf] dfr{kf;n] hg;d'bfo v'zL ePsf 5g\ .
sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v kfx'gf c=g]=d=;+3-qmflGtsf/L_sL s]=;= s=
/]0f' rGbn] pQm ;efnfO{ ;+jf]wg ub}{ k|Tofqmd0fsf] ;+j]bgzLn 38Ldf dlxnf /
k'?if b'j}n] ldn]/ ljb|f]xdf sDd/ s:g' k5{ eGg' eof] . cGo Onfsf ;lrj s=
uf]ljGb / s= hoGb|, snfsf/ cfwf/ / ;lxb kl/jf/ sdn lj=s= sf ;fy} ;QF k|ltlglw
lbnaxfb'/ af]u6Ln] klg cfkm\gf] ljrf/ / sljtf k|':t't ug'{ eof] . ;f] sfo{qmddf
:jfut dGtAo s= ;Demgfn] /fVg' eof] eg] aLr–aLrdf 5]8f hg;f":s[lt Knf6'gn]
gfrufg u/]sf] lyof] .
gf/f h'n'; ;lxt sfo{qmd :yn la=kL= gu/ ahf/df k'u]sf] k|]/0ff
sDkgLn] 8f]6]nL dlxnfx?nfO{ gof" pef/ / pT;fx k}bf u/]sf] 5 . pQm sDkgLsf]
gfd c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ 8f]6L hLNnfsL ;+:yfks cWoIf s= OGbL/f cfrfo{
-k|]/0ff_sf] gfdaf6 /flvPsf] 5 . s= k|]/0ff 5]8f 36gfdf ;lxb x'g'eof] .
sdnfs'df/L rnfpg]af6
afh'/fdf ldlnlzof a6flnog
hg;'/Iffdf ;s[o
afh'/f÷ æcGofo, cTofrf/sf]
lj?4 ;+3if{ ug'{ k5{ .Æ ;+3if{ gu/L s'g} lrh k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g eGg] s'/fnfO{
ulx/f];+u cfTd;fy u/L afh'/f lhNnfsf cfd hg;d'bfosf] ;'/Iffsf] lglDt hg
ldlnl;of a6flnog 3f]if0ff ePsf] 5 .
pQm a6flnog sdf08/ a'l4 l;+x lji6 / ;xsdf08/ wgl;+x ljZjsdf{
/xg' ePsf] 5 . pQm a6flnog xhf/f}+ hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf 3f]if0ff ePsf] lyof] . /,
xhf/f}+ hg;d'bfo / a6flnognfO{ k|lzIf0f lb+b} afh'/f lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s= lIflthn]
æxfdL clGtd r/0fdf cfPsf 5f}+ xfdLn] of] clGtd /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fnfO{
kf/ ug{ x/]s hg;d'bfo kmf}hLs[t x'g cfjZos /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o;sf ;fy}
hgd'lQm ;]gfn] hgtfsf] cf"vfsf] gfgL ag]/ hgtfnfO{ leotgfdL hgtf agfpg]
lhDdf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] sf"wdf cfPsf] atfpg' eof] . csf{ lhNnf ;lrjfno ;b:o
s= ljlkgn] htftt} ljb|f]x eO/x]sf] a]nf cfd hg;d'bfosf] r]tgf klg ljb|f]xL
x'g'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg' eof] / afh'/fsf] ;'/Iffsf] lhDdf hgldlnl;ofsf]
sf"wdf cfPsf] atfpg' eof] . csf{ afh'/f lhNnf sld6L ;b:o sd/]8 aneb|n]
;fd|fHojfbL zfifs /fIf];x?n] ;j{;fw/0f hgtfsf] v'g lkO/x]sf] of] cj:yfdf xfd|f]
hg ldlnl;ofsf] a6flnogn] To;sf] ;zQm k|lt/f]wsf ;fy} afh'/]nL hgtfsf] hLjg
/Iffsf] Uof/]06L ug]{ s'/fdf k|lta4 /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . afh'/f lhNnfsf] Ps
xTof/f] e|i6frf/L rf/f rGb /]UdLnfO{ hgldlnl;ofsf] Ps 6's'8Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/L
hg;Qfsf] xftdf -hgcbfnt_ a'emfPsf] 5 . xhf/f}+ hgtfn] ldlnl;of a6flnog 3f]if0ff
ePsf]df v'lz AoQm ub}{ km'ndfnf / clj/n] :jfut u/]sf lyP . Pshgf *) alif{o
j[4n] xhf/f} hgtfsf] cufl8 ca xfd|f] afh'/fdf h:tf] ;'s} cTofw'lgs xltof/ / h'g;'s}
7fp"sf] /fIf; -;]gf k'ln;_ cfPklg xfd|f] ljrf/ / cfd afh'/]nL hgtf gxfg]{
kl5 gkg]{ eO;s]sf 5f}+ eGg' eof] æ;Tosf] ljho eP/ 5f8\5Æ klg pxf"n] eGg'
eof] . ;Dk"0f{ ldlnl;of a6flnogn] h:tf];'s} sl7g kl/l:ytLdf klg b]z /
hgtfsf] nflu lg/Gt/ nl8/xg] ;femf k|lta4tf hfx]/ u/]sf lyP . aLr aLrdf r'nL
;}Go sDkgL ;f":s[lts kl/jf/n] hgjfbL g[To b]p8f k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] .
cGtdf cfd hgtfs]f :jfutsf] lglDt /ftf] ;nfd 6qm\ofpb} pQm sfo{qmdsf cWoIf s=
;]jsaf6 sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg ul/of] .Æ aneb| zfxL
xTof/f 1fg]Gb| / kf/;sf]
k'Tnf uf]nL xfgL hnfOof]
8f]6L -hf]/fon_ Pl/of g+= * nIdL gu/sf] l;nª af3 ahf/df ut
r}q !% ut] @%% hgf ljBfyL{ / hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf xTof/f] 1fg]Gb|–kf/;sf] k'Tnf
hnfOof] . gf/f h'n'zsf ;fy} 1fg]Gb| kf/;sf] k'Tnf af]sL l;nª af3 ahf/af6 d;fg
3f6df nflu k'Tnfdf uf]ln xfgL hnfOPsf] lyof] . pQm h'n'z sf]0f ;efdf kl/0ft
ePkl5 Pl/of sld6L ;b:o s= k|sfz, cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_ 8f]6L lhNnf
;+of]hsn] dGtAo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . dGtAodf jt{dfg /fhg}lts kl/l:ylt / k'Tnf
hnfpg'sf] dxTj / k|efj / 1fg]Gb| k|lt hgtfsf] 3[0ffsf] af/] :ki6 kfg'{ ePsf]
lyof] . ljBfyL{ / hgtfn] 3[0ff k"j{s 1fg]Gb| / kf/;sf] k'Tnfdf y'Sb} / ;+v
km'Sb} hnfOPsf] lyof] .
/ljGb|af6
/ljGb| 8f]6]nL
c5fdsf] ljgfos pRr df=lj= kl5 8f]6L, hf]/fonsf] 306]Zj/ pRr
df=lj=sf ljBfyL{x? klg ;z:q hgdfr{ cleofgsf] qmddf ;}Go kmd]{zga4 eP/ cleofgdf
lx8]sf 5g\ . cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_sf 8f]6L lhNnf ;+of]hs e/ts'df/
lji6sf cg';f/ !^ ut] clvn qmflGtsf/Låf/f cfof]lht e]nfdf ljBfyL{x? aLr cleofgdf
lx8\g] ;Nnfxf adf]lhd !& ut] 306]Zj/ pRr df=lj=sf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{
cf–cfkm\gf] 3/af6 tof/L u/]/ cPkl5 pb\3f6g tyf a6flnogsf] kmd]{zg tof/ ePsf]
lyof] .
pQm a6flnogsf] gfdfs/0f g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ 8f]6L lhNnf ;b:o
cfb/l0fo dxfg\ ;lxb s= lzlz/ -/];d l;6f}nf_sf] ;Demgfdf lzlz/ ljBfyL{ ;}Go
a6flnog gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm a6flnogdf # j6f sDklg cltl/Qm Pp6f ljz]if
Knf6'g Pp6f cfO{=Pg=6L=, u|'k Pp6f :jf:Yo u|'k ;lDdlnt lyof] .
kmd]{zg o; k|sf/ lyof] M a6flnog sdf08/ clvn qmflGtsf/Lsf
lhNnf ;+of]hs e/ts'df/ lji6 / P sDklg sdf08/ rGb|axfb'/ af]xf]/f, la sDkgL
sdf08/ sf}lznf s7fot / l; sDkgL sdf08/ lxdfn d8} x'g'x'GYof] . P sDklg cGt/ut
lk=Pn= g+= ! sf sdf08/ lgd{n /fjt, @ g+= lk=Pn= sdf08/ 8Dd/ sn]n x'g'x'GYof] .
la sDklg cGt/ut ! g+= lk=Pn= sdf08/ x]df kfnL, @ g+= lk=Pn= sdf08/ sNkgf e§ /
l; sDklg sdf08/ t]haxfb'/ vqL x'g'x'GYof] eg] ljz]if lk=Pn= sdf08/ dl/rdfg
v8\s, cfO{=Pg=6L u|'k sdf08/ 6]s]Gb| lu/L / :jf:Yo u|'ksf] sdf08Lª s= lxdfnn]
ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
zfxL cd]l/sL s'Qfx?n] hf]/fonsf] cfsfzdf nufpb} u/sf] ul:tsf
afah't ljBfyL{ pT;flxt ?kn] hgtfsf 3/ 3/df uO{ ;z:q hgljb|f]xsf] r]tgf km}nfpg]
tyf hf]/fon If]qsf] ;fdflhs kl/j]z Jojxfl/s cWoog ug]{ cleofgsf] yfngL u/] .
cleofgsf] qmddf lzl;/ a6flnogn] ;"o{ gu/, gd'gf uf=h=;=, 306]Zj/ / nIdL
gu/ uf=h=;= sf ljleGg 7fp"df dfr{kfz ug'{sf] ;fy} hgk|lzIf0f, hgtf;+u
cGt/s[of, b]p8f v]n hgjfbL ;f":s[lts s[ofsnfk / cfk;L /fhg}lts 5nkmn h:tf
sfo{x? eP .
cGtdf k"j{ lgwf{l/t of]hgf cg';f/ @! ut] Pl/of kf6L{n]
cfof]hgf u/]sf] ;lxb >4f~hnL ;ef;+u} ;+of]hg u/]/ ;ldIff tyf ljbfO{ sfo{qmd
;DkGg eof] . /, a6flnog sdf08/ e/ts'df/ lji6sf] ;+rfng / Pl/of OGrfh{ s=
w|'jsf] ;efkltTj / sdfg g+= @ sf OGrfh{ s= lbSkfnsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg ;f]
;df/f]xsf] cGtdf clj/ l6sfåf/f cleofg sdL{nfO{ ljbfO{ ul/Psf] lyof] .
ljBfyL{ a6flnogsf] dflr{ªn] hf]/fon If]qdf hgo'4 k|ltsf]
wf/0ffnfO{ cem} ;s/fTds kf/]sf] s'/f pQm sfo{qmddf ;xefuL Pshgf a[4n] AoQm u/]
.
–/ljGb| 8f]6]nLaf6
hgtf h'd'{/fpb} hg dflr{ª
rNb}5 c5fddf
a?0f
c5fd÷ lhNnf]sf ef}uf]lns
l:yltnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ $ j6f sdf08df rln/x]sf] $ j6f ;z:q hgdflr{ªsf] pb\3f6g
)^) r}q ! ut] :yfgLo 3/]n' xltof/af6 ;'–;lHht ag]sf hg ldlnl;ofn] sldnfsf]
tf"tL em}+ n:s/ nfu]/ dflr{ªsf] nIo / p2]Zo k'/f ul//x]sf 5g\ . Ps gDa/
hgdflr{ª hgldlnl;ofn] @,#, / $ g+= hgdflr{ªsf] ;'/Iff ub}{ b'Zdgsf] jl/kl/ u:tL
ul//x]sf] 5 . ;fy} dfOlgª, PDa'; ub}{ d+un;]g / ;f"km]sf b'ZdgnfO{ l;ldt
3]/fdf /fVg ;kmn eO/x]sf] 5 . 8«];a4 hgldlnl;ofsf] ul:tn] :yfgLo hgtf xlif{t
b]lvG5g\ . b'O{ gDa/af6 hgdflr{ªn] lhNnfs]f ljgfos If]q x'b} t'df{vf"b
If]q, # gDa/n] /fdf/f]ifg, rfkmfdf08f}+, s'Ëfnf, x'b} al:t, anftf If]q, $
gDa/n] e6fsfl6of bgf{, hou9 x'b} ;f"km] kf/Lsf e"–efudf dflr{Ë
ul//x]sf] 5 . lj|u]8, a6flnog, sDklg, Knf6'g :t/sf lo hg–ldlnl;ofsf kmf}lh
;+/rgfdf hgtf kmf}hLs[t x'b} ;a}n] cf–cfkm\gf] kmf}hL kmd]{zgsf] rf;f]
/flv/x]sf 5g\ eg] htftt} cf–cfkm\gf sDklg, a6flnog / lj|u]8n] b]vfPsf] sfo{
s'zntfsf] af/]df cfk;df 5nkmn / ax; ul//x]sf 5g\ .
afns b]lv j[4;Dd, ls;fg
b]lv sd{rf/L, ljBfyL{ b]lv lzIfs ;a} h'/d'/fpb} dflr{ªdf efu lnO/x]sf
5g\ eg] dflr{ªsf] n:s/ b]Vbf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;a} cf;]kf;]x? d'sbz{s alg/x]sf 5g\
. o:t} dflr{ªsf] n:s/ b]Vbf 9sf/L uf=h=;= sf ^) alif{of a[4 eGb5g\ æafj' ;o
d/Gtf d+un;]g sAhf t xf]nfÆ o:t} u/L %) alif{of e6fsfl6of v'lz/fn] lrlgg] a[4
a'jf eg] dflr{ªdf lxl8/x]sf 5g\ . b'ZdgnfO{ k|xf/ ub}{ xf";f] / 76\of}nL
u5{g\ . dflr{ªd} h'l6/x]sL e6fsfl6ofsL Ps :yfgLo dlxnf ;? ;fpb eg] ;efdf af]Nb}
eGg'x'G5 ædflr{ªdf ;xefuL x'gkfpbf lgs} v'lz nfus]f] 5, ca xfdL ;a} dlxnf lblb
alxlgx?n] r'nf] / rf}sfdf dfq l;ldt g/x]/ @!cf}+ ztfAbLdf k|r08knfO{ a'em\g
cfjZos 5 .
gof" snf / ;+:s[lt af]s]sf hgtfsf gof" snf /
k|:t'lt em§ x]bf{ k'/fgf] ;+:s[lt emNsg] t/ ?k/+u k'/} hgjfbL /x]sf lt snfdf
ætfg k /fO{kmn xfg k uf]nLÆ eGg] efsf k|Voft g} 5 . hgjfbL xf]/L, k'tnf, gf6s,
wfdL emf"qmL, v's'/L gfr cflb snfn] el/k"0f{ dflr{ª ul//x]sf]
dflr{ªsf oflqx?n] 7fp"–7fp"df, ;ef, cGt/s[of, k|lzIf0f ;lxt /fhg}lts
sfo{nfO{ klg tLa| kfb}{ ljsf; lgdf{0fdf klg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x
u/]/ ;z:q hg dflr{ªnfO{ ;kmn agfO/x]sf] 5 .
8f]6Lsf blnt ;z:q
8f]6L÷xfn ;]tLdxfsfnLdf rn]sf] ;z:q hgdfr{ cleofgsf qmddf 8f]6Ldf xhf/f}+ blnt hgtf ;z:q ag]sf 5g\ . pgLx?n] sDkgL :t/sf
;z:q blnt ldlnl;of klg lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ .
8f]6Lsf] ;ft gDa/ Pl/ofdf blnt e]nf ePsf] 5 eg] rf/ gDa/
Pl/ofdf lrofkfg ;df/f]x eof] . otf ;ftkm]/L 8f]6L 8f"8fdf blnt cGt/s[ofTds
5nkmn eof] . oL cGt/s[ofdf ;]tL–dxfsfnLsf blnt g]tfx? kbd lj=s= ;'lzn nufotn]
af]Ng' eof] . 8f]6Lsf v]t8L, uf]/f3f6, nf]km8f, lwqmfdf08' ;ftkm]/L nufotsf
:yfgdf ePsf oL sfo{qmddf bzf}+xhf/ slyt blnt hgtf pkl:yt x'g'eof] .
hgk|ltlglwsf] ;+o'Qm k|lzIf0f
sfo{qmd
sbd
sfnLsf]6 -?K;f_. cfwf/
Onfsf :tl/o nfn' dfnsf]6 ?K;f, s'dfnufp", sf]6af8f / /s' uf=h=;= sf
ufp" hgk|ltlglwx?sf] ;+o'Qm k|lzIf0f ut r}q @@ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
dxfg\ hgo'4n] cf7 jif{k"/f u/L gjf} jif{df k|j]z ;+u}
/0fg}lts ;+t'ngaf6 /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/Lsf] nflu ;Dk"0f{ rLh o'4sf]
nflu, ;Dk"0f{ tof/L ljb|f]xsf] nflu eGg] gf/fnfO{ Jofks ?kdf k|rf/ k|;f/df
NofO{Psf] 5 .
jt{dfg kl/l:yltdf kf6L{, hg;]gfdf ePsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/sf] ult
;+u} hg;Qfsf] lhNnf ;ldlt sfnLsf]6sf] cfof]hgfdf ;+o'Qm k|lzIf0f ;+rfng ul/Psf]
lyof] .
sf]6jf8f uf=h=;=k|d'v cu| j=lji6sf] cWoIftf /x]sf] ;+o'Qm
k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng /s' uf=h=;= k|d'v ljzfv/ h}zLn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ If]=Ao"=;= tyf lhNnf k|zf;g ljefusf
k|d'v s=rGbg / kf6L{ lhNnf sfnLsf]6sf ;]qm]6/L s=k/fqmdLsf] ljz]if pkl:ylt
/x]sf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf cltly s=rGbgn] hg;Qfsf] lhDd]jf/L / st{Jo k|lt :ki6
kfg'{ePsf] lyof] eg] s=k/fqmdLn] jt{dfg /fli6«o, cGt/fli6«o /fhg}lts k/l:ylt,
o'4sfnLg hg;Qfsf sfo{ef/x? jf/]df k|lzIf0f lbg' ePsf] lyof] . pxf"af6 }
k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf cfwf/Onflso of]hgfsf] ;Dk|]if0f ePsf] lyof] .
cGtdf hg;Qfdf /x]sf ;d:ofsf] xn ug'{ k|r08kynfO{ a'‰g] /
nfu" ug]{ v"jL / Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug'{kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8lbb} sfo{qmdsf
cWoIf lji6 4f/f sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg ul/Psf] lyof] .
Pp6f k|ltj4tf pgLx?sf
gfddf
h'gs'df/L /f]sf
kml;jfbL ;fdGtL ;Qfsf] xTof, n'6, w/sk8, jnfTsf/sf] >[ªvnf
ljut cf7 jif{ b]lv g]kfnL dlxnfx?n] ef]lu/x]sf 5g\ .
o;} lznlznfdf klZrd g]kfnsf] e]s If]q klg c5'tf] 5}g . lxdfnL
ljs6 e"uf]nb]lv yf?jfg k|b]zsf] t/fO{If]q ;Ddsf] ljzfn e"ld of]
If]qdf kb{5 . hxf" sltko lxdfnL lhNnfsf] cflwsf+z If]q lxdkftn] u|l;t /xG5
. o;If]qdf zlbof} b]lv pTkL8gdf /x]sf] t/fO{sf cflbjf;L yf? hfltsf dlxnf x'g,
jf ljs6 lxdfnL If]qsf nfdf ;d'bfosf dlxnf, ;j} lnlËo, If]qLo, hftLo pTkL8gaf6
d'lQmsf nflu juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf
;dflxt 5g\ .
;Dk"0f{ k|sf/sf
zf]if0faf6 d'lQm kfpg n8fO{df plq;s]sf] xfd|f] ;+u7g clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+ª3
-qmflGtsf/L_ g} cfh ;a} dlxnf lbbL–alxgLx?sf] Kof/f] / ;f´f ;u+7g ag]sf] 5 .
nfvf}sf] ;+Vofdf ;+ul7t g]kfnL dlxnfx? d'lQm cfGbf]nsf] ul/dfnfO{ pRrtfdf
k'¥ofpg] qmddf dxfg d[To'j/0f ug'{ x'g] zxLbx? k|lt xflb{s >4f~hnL ;lxt
k|ltj4tfsf b'O{ zAb sf]g{ d st{Jo 7fGb5' olt j]nf .
xfdLn] oltv]/ xf":b}xf":b} ?g] / ?bf?b} xf":g]
k|s[ofsf] tLtf] / dL7f] cg"e"lt;+u cf7 jif{sf] cjlw kf/ u/]sf 5f} .
of] jLrdf xfdLn] sof} ;xofqL u'dfof}, s'g} j]nf cf"vfel/ jlnGb| cf"z'
aufpb} ;xofqfsf ;fyLx?nfO{ zxLbsf] ?kdf h+undf 5f]8]/ cfpbf 5ftL ldrL /f]of} .
s'g} j]nf b'Zdgdfly 7"nf–7"nf ljho k|fKt ubf{ pT;j dgfp+b} dxfg\
zlxbx?sf] jbnfefjsf ;fy b]z / hgtfsf] nflu km]l/ pRr jlnbfgLsf] cfjZoQmf
k"/f ug]{ jfrf u¥of} . hlt;'s} r'gf}ltx? cfOk/] klg ;fdgf ub}{ efjgfnfO{
ljrf/n] lgoGq0f ub}{ lk8fdf gdflQmg] / xf/df gcflQg] qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] cfb{znfO{
cfTd;ft ub}{ cufl8 a9\g] k|s[ofdf e]s If]qdf ePsf] alnbfgL ljz]ift M dlxnf df]rf{sf] ;Gbe{df eGg' kbf{
g]t[Tjx?jf6 alnbfgL ug]{x?df ;+u7gsL s]lGb|o ;b:o l;df rf}w/L lhNnf cWoIfx?
/Ltf cf]nL -af"s]_, l8nf e08f/L -b}n]v_, zfGtf kf]v|]n -;'v]{t_, /fds'df/L
v8\sf -df]8]n_, pkfWoIfx?– e"ld;/f cf]nL -;'v]{t_,bdoGtL k'g -af"s]_,
k'ikf zdf{ -jlb{of_, sNkgf rf}w/L -jlb{of_, ?kf nfdf -x'Dnf_ x'g'x'G5 . To:t}
;}Go If]qdf PL
sld;f/ s=d}gf j/fn -h'Dnf_, coy.VC s=´/gf, PL sdf08/ s=;l/tf /xg' ePsf] 5 . ls;fg ;+u7gsL If]qLo
;b:o dldtf cfrfo{ clg ;f":s[lts ;+3sL hoGtL wtL{, u+uf wtL{ nufPt ;of} cGo
tx / tKsfsf dlxnfx?sf] jlnbfgL e};s]sf] 5 . nfvf} dlxnf lbbL–jlxgLx? cfgbf]ngdf
;dflxt ePsf 5g\ .
o;/L o; If]qsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ of] p+rfO{df k'¥ofpg dxfg
zxLbx?sf] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg x'g] s'/f :jfefljs 5 . nfU5– dxfg\ zxlbx?sf]
/utn] l;+lrt e]s If]qsf dlxnfx? oltj]nf gof" cfwf/ Onfsfsf] lgdf{0fdf
;Dk"0f{ zlQm vGofP / cfufl8 j9]sf 5g\ . clGtd ljhosf] nflu k|lts[ofjfbL
;Qfsf] ;Dk"0f{ vfn] pTkL8gsf] lj?4 ;+u7Lt ?kn] dfgj jd ;fljt x'g]5 .
cGtt M cfGbf]ng If]tL / pknAwLsf] aLraf6} cufl8 j9\5 . o;sf]
4G4fTds ;DjGwnfO{ xfdLn] a'´]sf 5f} .
To;}n] xfdL oltj]nf ;dfh d'Qm u/fpg] k|s[ofdf ljleGg df]rf{ / txaf6 jlnbfgL
lbg'x'g] dlxnf zxLbx? k|lt xflb{s >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{5f} . /, pxf"x?sf
ckmGthgx? k|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf . of] ef}lts ?kn] 5'6]sf] s8LnfO{ j}rfl/s ?kdf
hf]8\b} zxLb kl/jf/sf cfkmGthgx?nfO{ zxLbx?sf] k|]/0ffn] cufl8 j9\g] cj;/
lbcf];\ eGb} ;lxbx?sf] ;kgfnfO{ clGtd ;Dd k"/f ug]{ k|ltj4tf sfod ug'{ d
cfÎgf] k|d'v st{Jo 7fGb5' .
xhf/f}
hgtfsf jLr ljb|f]xL ;]gfsf] :jfut
b}n]v ÷x/]s kmf}hL sfjf{xLdf ;/sf/L ;]gf, k'nL;nfO{ 3fon cj:yfdf
pkrf/ u/]sf 36gf tyf sAhfdf k/]sf jGbL ;]gf, k'nL;x?nfO{ h]g]df ;wLsf] dfGotf cg'?k ;;Ddfg l/xf u/]sf 36gfx?nfO{ t
ljZj hgdt ;fd" :ki6 5 g} . oxf" b}n]vaf6 k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ zfxL
cd]/LsL ;]gf / k|x/Lx?af6 ljb|f]x u/L hgd'lQm ;]gfdf ;fd]n x'g cfPsf hjfgx?sf]
;Ddfgdf Ps ;df/f]x ul/Psf] 5 .
bf];|f] ;b/d'sfdsf] ?kdf :yflkt b}n]v lhNnfsf] b'Nn' ahf/df
s/Lj !) xhf/ hgtf e]nf ePsf 5g\ . ToxL g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ sf g]tf b]lv hgd'lQm
;]gfsf] klg eL8 hDdf ePsf] 5 . xfd|f ;Djfbbftf s]zj s]=;L= sf cg';f/ ljleGg
ldltdf xltof/ ;lxt / lgz:q u/L #% hgf zfxL ;]gf / k|x/L hjfgx?sf] ;Ddfgdf Ps
;efsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . sfo{qmdsf]
;~rfng kf6L{ DCM s=e"uf]nn]
ug'{eof] eg] csf{ DCM sf
;uLg ;efklt /xg'ePsf] lyof] . pkl:ylt hg;d'bfo / ljb|f]xL ;]gf, k|x/Lx?nfO{
s=;'bz{gn :jfut ug'{eof] . sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly lhNnf O~rfh{ s=vu]Gb| ;]gn] cjL/ / dfnf nufO{lbP/
ljb|f]xL hjfgx?nfO{ clegGbg ug'eof] / eGg'eof]–æxfdL b'Zdg kIfsf ;]gf /
k'ln;nfO{ p;n] eg] h:tf] gSsnL d"7e]8df dfb}{gf} . Toltj]nf klg xfdL
pgLx?nfO{ xfd|f] gLlt j'´fp5f} / b'Zdg k+tLaf6 ljb|f]x ug{ ;'´fj lbP/ ;;Ddfg
5f]l8lbG5f} . t/ hgd'lQm ;]gfdf ;fd]n x'g] h:tf] pRr ;fx; ug]{ / cfÎgf]
hLjgnfO{ klxrfg ug]{x?nFO{ o;/L clegGbg u5f}{ . pxf"x? ca b'Zdgsf] ;]gf
xf]Og hgtfsf] d'lQm ;]gf x'g'ePsf] 5 . of] P]ltxfl;s sfo{ ug'{ ePsf]df xfd|f]
kf6L{ awfO{ lbg rfxfG5 .æ
sfo{qmddf awfO{ dGtJo lbg]x?df lzIfs k|ltlglw cDj/, lh=h=;=
k|d'v ly/jxfb'/ sfsL{, nufPt x'g'GYof] . hgcfGbf]ng lbj;sf] k"j{ ;GWofdf
;DkGg pQm sfo{qmddf xhf/f} hgtfn] km"n / clj/n] :jfut u/]sf lyP lt
ljb|f]xL hjfgx?nfO{ . hgtfsf] k+lÍlQmjf6 jf]Nb} Pshgf j[4 ls;fgn] eGg' eof]– ca d d]/f] 5f]/fnfO{ klg b'Zdgsf]
Sofdaf6 xltof/ ;lxt ljb|f]x ug{ kq n]v]/ k7fp5' .
b}n]vaf6} k|fKt csf]{ Ps
;dfrf/ cg';f/ sfzLsf"w / s'zfkfgL uf=h=;= df lgjf{rg ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
sf;Lsf"w uf=h=;= df t kf6L{ pd]bjf/ lbksjxfb'/ zfxLnfO{ :jtGq pd]bjf/ /Tg
jxfb'/n] #@) dtsfcGt/n] x/fO{ cfkm" ljho ePsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL If]qdf
c?nfO{ /fhgLlt ug{ lbOb}g eg]/ zb/d'sfd / /fhwfgLdf asjf; ug]{ ;+;bjfbL
kf6L{x?nfO{ of] d'vd/Lsf] hjfkm xf] . hgtfsf] gLltnfO{ dfg]/ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf]
lj?4df hfg]x?nfO{ Toxf" k|lt:kwf{
ug]{ 5'6 5 eGg] s'/fsf] HjnGt k|df0f xf] of] . ptf s'ofkfgLsf] kl/0ffd eg]
k|fKt ePsf] lyPg . uf=h=;= pk k|d'v nufot jf=h=;= k|ltlglwx? lglj/f]w lgjf{lrt
ePsf lyP .
ptf sf"zLsf"w
uf=h=;=df k/]sf ax'ljjfx / afn ljjfx lj?4sf ph'/L pk/ 5fgljg u/L cleo'Qm
6]kaxfb'/ lj=s= -ax'ljjfx _ / k|sfz zdf{ -afnljjfx _df hgcbfntåf/f sfjf{xL ul/
kLl8t kIfnfO{ Gofo lbnfPsf] 5 . To:t} csf{ gu]Gb| zfxLn] klg afnljjfx u/]sf]df
;DaGw ljR5]b u/fO{ ck/fwLnfO{ sfjf{xL ul/Psf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
ptf h'Dnfaf6 ;Djfbbftf
/fhaxfb'/ l;xn] k7fPsf] ;dfrf/ cg';f/ kbd3f6df ;lxb kl/jf/, aGbL kl/jf/x?sf]
e]nf u/L clegGbg ul/Psf] 5 . rf/ g+= Pl/ofsf] cfof]hgfdf ;DkGg pQm ;df/f]xdf
Pl/ofsf !! hgf ;lxb kl/jf/x?nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/of] . P=l;=P;= s= tf/fsf] ;efkltTjdf
ul/Psf] sfo{qmddf Pl/of O~rfh{ s= w|'jn] ;lxb kl/jf/nfO{ cjL/ / dfnfåf/f
;Ddflgt ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
h'Dnfaf6 k|]lift csf]{ Ps
;dfrf/ cg';f/ df]8]n Pl/ofdf ldlnl;of k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . kmf}hL
tflndsf nflu d'Vo kmf];{af6 k|lzIfs hfg' ePsf] lyof] eg] /fhg}lts k|lzIf0fsf
nflu l8=l;=Pd= s= lhjGt cfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L df]8]n Pl/ofd}
kf6L{ :s"lnË ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ljleGg ljifodf sfo{ljefhg u/L k|lzIf0f
lbOPsf] lyof] . k|lzIf0fdf df]8]n Pl/ofsf cu'jf sfo{stf{x?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]
lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] aLraLrdf snfsf/x?n] cfkm\gf k|:t'ltx? b]vfPsf lyP .
clegGbg, >4f~hnL, e]nf,
uf]li7, ;Dd]ng, k|lzif0f h:tf ;f+u7lgs sfo{qmdsf] t af9L g} 5 eGg' k¥of] .
o'4sf] ult cg';f/ pko'{Qm sfo{qmdx?sf] u'0ffTdstf x'g ;s]g eg] ;fob qmflGt
;DkGg ufx|f] g} x'G5 xf]nf . qmflGt ;DkGg ug'{ dfq 7"nf] s'/f /x]g5 .
d"ns'/f To;nfO{ nf]stflGqs agfpg'kg]{ / clGtd nIf k|fKt gx'"bf;Dd
l6sfpg ;Sg] s'/f k|wfg a:t' /x]5 . To;sf nflu ;+u7g ;'b[9 ug'{, lj:tf/ ug'{ /
hgtfsf] r]tgfnfO{ o'4;fk]If agfp"b} n}hfg' kg]{ x'g]/x]5 .
xfdLnfO{ k|fKt ;dfrf/
cg';f/ ;'v]{tsf] cf7 g+= Pl/ofdf klg kf6L{ :s'lnª ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . P=l;=P;= sf]
cWoIftfdf ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf l8=l;=Pd=x? s= ;fb"{n, s= ;"o{, s=
ls/0fx?n] ljifox? 5'6\ofP/ k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng s=
ofqLn] / :jfut efif0f s= ;fu/n] lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
Pl/ofaf6 cu'jf
sfo{stf{x?sf] cToflws hd36 u/fO{ lbOPsf] k|lzIf0fn] sfo{stf{x?sf] ;}4flGts,
/fhg}lts / bfz{lgs r]tgfsf] e08f/ km/flsnf] ePsf] dxz'; u/]sf lyP .
ptf h'Dnfsf] tlnpddf ePsf]
xTofsf08df ;lxb ePsf l8=l;=Pd= s= ljzfnsf] ;Ddfgdf >4f~hnL sfo{qmd ul/Psf] 5
. >4f~hnL sfo{qmd cf7 g+= Pl/ofs]f y'Drf}/ uf=h=;=df klg ul/Psf] lyof] .
hg;]gfsf]
z;St k|lt/f]w
t]x|y'dsf] vDnfn'¨ Onfsfdf bdgsf] nfuL uPsf] zfxL ;]gfsf] 6's8L /
hgd"lQm ;]gfsf] & cf} la|u]8 !(cf}+ a6flnogsf] kmf];{sf] jLr lxhf]
ePsf] le8Gtdf $hgf zfxL ;]gf 3fOt] ePsf 5g . 3fOt]nfO{ x]lnsK6/ af6 nluPsf] 5
eg] a"fls ;]gf efubf}8 ub}{ kml{{s{Psf 5g\ . zfxL cd]l/sg ;]gfn] tfKn]h'Ë
/ t]x|y'ddf bdg a9fO/x]sf] 5 . rf}/lt/af6 zfxL ;]gfsf] kmf];{ NofO{ hgtfnfO{
s'6lk6 xKsL bKsL tLa| kfl/Psf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
df]/Ësf] hf"t]df hgd'lQm ;]gfn] yfk]sf] dfOg PDa';df k/L a}zfv
@# ut] % hgf zfxL ;]gf 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . PDa'; kl5 ePsf] le8Gtdf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf]
k|ltsf/sf ;fd" l6Sg g;ls zfxL ;]gf efu]sf] / 3fOt]nfO{ x]lnsK6/af6 nluPsf]
5 . df]/Ës} n]6fËdf @$ ut] laxfg * ah]af6 ePsf] le8Gt of] ;dfrf/ cfpbf;Dd hf/L
/x]sf] 5 . lj:t[t ljj/0f cfO;s]sf] 5}g .
pbok'/sf] Ajf";] hgbdgsf] nfuL uPsf] zfxL cd]l/sg ;]gf /
hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] 5}+7f}+ la|u]8 cGtu{tsf] kmf];{ aLr a}zfv @# ut] ePsf]] le8Gtdf
@ hgf zfxL ;]gfsf] d[To' ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 . ;f]xL lhGnf So"l/gLdf @$ ut]
laxfgaf6 ePsf] le8Gt hf/L /x]sf] va/ 5 . o; 36gfsf] k'/f l/kf]6 cfO{;s]sf] 5}g\
. zfxL ;]gfn] lhNNffe/ bdg cleofg ;~rfng u/]sf] sf/0fdf lhNnfdf s'g} klg j]nf
bf]xf]/f] le8Gtsf] ;+efjgf /x]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
;nf{x, dxf]Q/Ldf k|ltufdL yfkf ;/sf/sf lelhnfGt] zfxL cd]l/sL
;]gfn] :jLk ck|]zg rnfP/ bdg a9fPsf] 5 . hgtfnfO{ bdg u/]/ cfÎgf] cle:6 k'/f
ug]{ ;kgf b]v]sf] yfkf ;/sf/ k|ltufdL ;Qfsf] clGtd s;/t ul//x]5 .
cd]l/sL cflzjf{bdf l6s]sf] zfxL ;]gf gfds hNnfbx?sf] bdgaf6 cfqmfGt
/f}tx6df ;bf em} ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ lu/Îtf/, ckx/0f, s'6kL6 / xTof ug{ cfPsf]
Ps kmf}hn] cfh -@)^!–!–@$ ut]_ ljxfg !) ah] /f}tx6 lhNnf b]jfxL
ufp" k'uL :yfgLo ls;fg /fdj/0f /fpt s'dL{nfO{ lu/Îtf/ u/]kl5 zfxL bdgaf6
cfqmfGt hgtfn] k|lt/f]w u/L zfxL ;}lgs SofK6]gsf] xft sfl6lbPsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
hgk|lt/f]waf6 cft+lst zfxL cd]l/sg ;]gfn] cfkm'n] lu/Îtf/ u/]sf] JolQmnfO{ xTof
u/L dfgj clwsf/sf] 7f8} pkxf; u/]sf] 5 .
oxL a}zfv @$ ut]
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf 5fkfdf/x?n] wg'iff lhNnfsf] ;fdl/s :yn hgsk'/ ldN;
Pl/ofdf cjl:yt Pe/]i6 a}+s sfof{no ;dod} sAhf u/L a}saf6 Psrfln; nfv krf; xhf/
a/fa/sf] gub /sd sAhf u/]sf] ;dfrf/ 5 . cfk"mn] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf a}+ssf
uf8{åonfO{ dfcf]jfbL 5fkfdf/x?n] ;–;Ddfg 5fl8lbPsf lyP .
hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] eJo :jfut
wg'iff lhNnfsf] ob's'jf Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nodfly cfqmd0f u/L
ljho k|fKt ug]{ hgd'lQm ;]gf kf"rf} lj|u]8nfO{ xfn} l;Gw'nLdf eJo :jfut
ul/Psf] 5 .
pQm :jfut sfo{qmddf hgd'lQm ;]gfn] rsds] ahf/ k|j]z ug]{
ljlQs} dfcf]jfbLsf l;Gw'nL lhNnf OGrfh{ s=ljho / ;]qm]6/L s=k|zfGtn] clj/, dfnf
nufP/ clegGbg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] ;of} sfo{stf{ / xhf/f}+ hg;d'bfon] nfO{g
nfu]/ tfnL ahfP/ :jfut u/]sf lyP . clegGbg ;s]kZrft\ ;efdf kl/0ft ePsf]
sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj lhNnf kf6L{sf ;lrjfno ;b:o s=;'emfa, ;~rfng lhNnf kf6L{
;]qm]6/L s=k|zfGtn] / :jfut ;lrjfno ;b:o s=ljqmdn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf
cltlyx? kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pj+ lj|u]8 sld;f/ s=k/jfgf, lj|u]8 sdf08/
s=k|df]b, ;xfos sdf08/ s=kfj]n, lhNnf OGrfh{ s=ljho tyf a6flnPg sld;f/, sdf08/
nufot ;}Go Jo"/f]sf sd/]8x?sf] pkl:ylt lyof] .
sfo{qmddf ;Daf]wg ub}{ lj|u]8 sdf08/ s=k|df]bn] xfd|f]
hgd'lQm ;]gfn] b]zsf] h'g ;'s} efudf uP/ n8\g / lhTg ;Sg] s'/fdf k"0f{
?kdf lj:j:t /xg cg'/f]w ub}{ k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfsf slyt o'lgkmfO8 sdf08 cGtu{t
/x]sf] zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gf k/flht x'"b} uPsf] tfhf pbfx/0f ef]hk'/ /
DofUbLsf] a]gL ahf/ xf] eGg'eof] .
To;}u/L sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ kf6L{sf lhNnf OGrfh{
s=ljhon] g]kfnL hgo'4n] gjf}+ jif{df k|j]z u/]sf] z'e–cj;/;"u} /0fg}lts
k|Tofqmd0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] s'/f pNn]v ug'{eof] . kf6L{sf] ;xL sfo{lbzf / ;xL
ljrf/s} sf/0f cfh hgo'4 of] p"rfOdf k'Ug ;kmn ePsf] / ca b]zdf u0ftGqsf]
ljsNk gePsf] s'/f b]ze/L ;Dk"0f{ zlQmx? ;8sdf u0ftGqsf] gf/f 3GsfO/x]sf]
tYon] klg k'li6 u/]sf] atfpg' eof] .
To;}u/L sfo{qmddf kf"rf} lj|u]8sf] d]l8sn ljefudf sfo{/t
sDkgL ;xfos sdf08/ s=lw/hn] klg dGtJo /fVg'eof] . o; cl3 ef]hk'/ df]rf{sf
;xefuL kf"rf}+ lj|u]8sf hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ klg l;Gw'nL ;nf{xL nufotsf
lhNnfx?df eJo :jfut clegGbg ul/Psf] lyof] .
s}nfz e§/fO{af6
/fd]5fk÷ lbgk|lt lbg g]kfnL hgtfsf] Xboaf6 a9fl/+b} uPsf]
k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qf / o;sf k]z]j/ zfxL kmf;LjfbL ;]gfn] cfºgf] k/fhonfO{ ljleGg
?k / /¨df d'vl/t ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;}aLr ut r}q @# ut] dGynL >L dx]Gb|bo pRr
df=lj=df P;=Pn=;L= kl/Iff lb+b} cfPsf b'O{ ;oeGbf a9L ljBfyL{x?nfO{ lj; -@)_
ldg]6 zfxL cft+ssf/L ;]gfsf] Ps e'"8Ljfnf pRr clws[tn] k|lzIf0f lbPsf]
s'/f kl/Iff lbO{ 3/ kms]{sf ljBfyL{n] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . pgLx?sf] egfO cg';f/
cfkm"x?nfO{ kl/Iff lbO{ 3/ kms]{kZrft\ dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngsf] ;'/fsL ug{
tyf zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] hflu/ vfg ;d]t cfu|x u/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ .
xTofsf] z+sfdf o'js kqmfp
/fd]5fk÷ wfl/nf] xltof/ k|of]u u/L ut d+l;/ $ ut] a]n'sf
a]yfg ufh; j8f g= ! vqL 6f]n 3/ ePsf jif{ @^ sf /fdz/0f l3ld/]nfO{ xTof u/]sf]
cleof]udf oxL r}q % ut] a]yfg 8x'df cfn] Rofª\jfbf]ªnfO{ kqmfp u/L hglx/f;tdf
/flvPsf] ;+o'Qm lhNnf hg;ldlt /fd]5fksf k|d'v wfjf nfdfn] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . bf]ª
pk/ sfjf{xL ul/ kfp" elg :yfgLo ;Qfdf l3ld/]sf kl/jf/n] lbPsf] lgj]bg
adf]lhd lgh bf]ªnfO{ cfºgf] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] / xfn cg';Gwfg sfo{ hf/L /x]sf]
k|d'v wfjf nfdfn] atfpg' eof] . l3ld/]sf] d[t nfz d+l;/ !& ut] l;Gw'nL
lhNnfsf] /ftfdf6] glhs} ;'gsf]zL / ;fbL vf]nfsf] lsgf/df km]nf k/]sf] lyof] .
zxLb rf}tf/f] eTsfOof]
/fd]5fk÷ hgbdgnfO{ lbgrof{ agfp"b} cfPsf zfxL cd]l/sL
cft+ssf/L ;]gfsf] hTyfn] hgo'4df hLjg pT;u{ u/]sf dxfg\ zxLbsf] gfddf
hg;d'bfon] agfPsf] zxLb rf}tf/f] eTsfPsf 5g\ . P]ltxfl;s a]yfg df]rf{df zxLb
x'g' ePsf dxfg\ zxLb lbndfof aDhgsf] ;Demgfdf % jif{ cufl8 a]yfg eNjf8Lsf ;of}+
hg;d'bfon] lgdf{0f u/]sf] ;f] rf}tf/f] ut r}q @* ut] bf]/Daf j]; SofDkaf6
u:tLdf cfPsf zfxL cft+ssf/Lx?n] eTsfPsf 5g\ . pQm rf}tf/f] eTsfPkl5 Ps ls;fg
a'afn] zxLb u]6, rf}tf/f] eTsfP/ / hnfP/ zxLbx?sf] cf:yf / ljrf/ slxNo} gelTsg]
/ ghNg] atfp"b} zxLbx?sf] ;kgf Ps lbg k"/f x'g] ljZjf; JoQm ug'{eof]
.
/fd]5fk÷ ut r}q @^ ut]
;+o'Qm lhNnf ;ldlt /fd]5fk cGtu{t @ g=Onfsf ;+o'Qm hg;ldltsf] u7g ufh;
k|ltlglwx?sf] k|ltlglwd"ns e]nfåf/f lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=dbg, lhNnf hg;/sf/
k|d'v s=wfjf nfdf, /fd]5fk # / $ g= Pl/of OGrfh{ s=pHhjnsf] ljz]if pkl:yltdf
Zofd >]i7sf] ;efkltTjsf ;fy} s=lbkssf] ;~rfngdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
pQm e]nfn] Ps ;b:o kl5 yKg] u/L Onfsf k|d'vdf Zofd >]i7 /
;lrjdf d]g'sf yf]s/;lxt @# ;b:oLo Onfsf ;+o'Qm hg;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . ;r]taf6