zxLb ufyf
tL kf"r jL/x? h;n]
ob's'jfdf /ut aufP
z/b
of] elg/xg' kb{}g ls dfG5] hGd]kl5 d5{ . t/ of] rf"xL
eGg} k5{ ls d/]kl5 ;a} dfG5] af"Rb}gg\ . n'–;'g eGg'x'G5–æaxfb'/x? d/]/
klg o'u–o'u;Dd af"lr/xG5g t/ sfo/x? af"r]/ klg If0f–If0fdf dl//xG5g\
.Æ of] cGtlj{/f]wk"0f{ ef}lts hutsf] ljsf; ;ª\3if{sf] aLraf6 x'g] u5{ .
;ª\3if{sf] k|lqmofdf d/0fzLn kIfsf] lj?4 hLjgzLn kIfn] n8\bf cfkm" u'd]/
cfºgf] cl:tTj lgwf{/0f ug]{ ub{5 . dfgj ;dfhnfO{ x]bf{ h;n] Tofu ug{ z'? u¥of],
p g} cl:tTjdf cfpg yfn]sf] 5 / hlt hlt Tofu ub}{ hfG5 plt–plt p hLp"bf]
aGb} hfG5 . cl:tTjjfg aGb} hfG5 . p;sf] ef}lts zl// hLljt /x'Gh]n b'lgofsf]
nflu s]xL dxTjk"0f{ sfd u5{, p af"lr/xG5 / p;sf] ;hLj zl//sf]
;dfKtL;"u p;sf] Tofun] p;nfO{ gof" hLjg k|bfg u5{ . o;/L p db}{g
af"lr/xG5 . Oltxf;sf] kfgfdf o'u–o'u;Dd dfgj Xbodf p af"lr/xG5,
af"lr/xG5 . t/ o;/L af"Rg tL dfq ;S5g\ h;n] ef}lts hutsf] lgodnfO{
a'em]/ s]xL kfpg s]xL u'dfp"5g\ jf cfºgf] hLjg c?sf] nflu Tofu u5{g . xf]
o:tf cd/ dfgjx? cfh g]kfnL df6f]df y'k}| hlGdPsf 5g\ . o;/L cd/Tj k|fKt ug]{
dWo] pRr ;fx;sf ;fy ;uj{ hgtfsf] hLtsf] vflt/ cfºgf] cd"No o'jf hLjg ck{0f
ug]{ % hf]wfxf o'jfx?sf] af/]df ;+lIfKt kl/ro u/fpg] hdsf]{ ul/Psf] 5 . ut r}q
@@ ut] a]yfg :d[lt kf"rf}+ lj|u]8sf] ljz]if sfo{bnn] wg'iffsf] ob's'jf
Ok|sf sJhf ubf{ zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ x'g] sDkgL sdf08/ s=cleif]s, Knf6'g ;xfos
sdf08/x? s=;+lhj / s=s'df/, ;]S;g sdf08/ s=cfsfz / ;b:o s=;+3if{sf] af/]df
5f]6f] hLjg ufyf ptfg]{ k|of; u/]sf] 5' .
cf]vn9'¨fsf] xs{k'/ ufh;df @)#* ;fn >fj0fdf a'af eLdaxfb'/
tfdfª / cfdf /0fdfof tfdfªsf] sf]vaf6 hlGdPsf b]j]Gb| kflv|g-s=cleif]s_ ljBfyL{
sfndf g]=lj=;+3 ;dly{t x'g'x'GYof] . :gfts cWoogsf] qmddf g]=lj=;+3sf] ultljlw
lrQ ga'em]sf] / ljBfyL{ xs, lxt / clwsf/sf] lglDt cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] cfjZos
ePsf] tyf h'g kl/jt{g ;z:q ;+3if{af6 dfq ;Dej b]v]kl5 )%* >fj0f % ut] :gfts
txsf] cWoognfO{ 5f8]/ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_åf/f ;~rflnt hgo'4sf] kIfdf n8\g
kf6l{sf] k"0f{sflng sfo{stf{ aGg'eof] . o'jf hf]z / hf+u/n] el/e/fp
s=clez]sn] cfkm" hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] ;+u7gdf n8\g] dfu u/]kl5 jxf"
:Sjfo8df sfd ub}{ cufl8 a9\g' eof] . pxf"df lglxt kmf}hL :k|L6 /
l;sf?kgfn] ubf{ jxf" l5§} k"jf{~rnsf] klxnf] sDkgLdf kg'{ eof] / s]xL
;dod} cfºgf] Ifdtfåf/f ;Dk"0f{ l6dnfO{ k|efljt kfg'{ eof] / kf6L{nfO{
ljZjf; lbnfpg ;kmn x'g'eof] . h;sf] sf/0f k"jf{~rnsf] klxnf] ;b/d'sfd
;Nn]/L df]rf{df P;N6df /x]/ n8\g] cj;/ k|fKt ug'{eof] . ;fxf;sf wlg
s=cleif]ssf] ljj]s klg plQs} pRr /x]sf] sf/0f kf6L{n] jxf"nfO{ lhDd]jf/L
yKb} hf"bf jxf"n] es'08]a]zL / r}gk'/ df]rf{ nl8 ;Sbf ;]S;g ;xfos
sdf08/ aGg k'Ug'eof] . )%( c;f/df a]yfg :d[lt kf"rf} j6flnog sDkgLsf ;]S;g
sdf08/ s=cleif]s ledfg df]rf{ n8\b} ?Dhf6f/ df]rf{ nl8 ;Sbf Knf6'g ;xfos sdf08/
x'g'eof] . l;/fxfsf] nfxfg df]rf{kZrft\ kf"rf} j6flnPg …jLÚ sDkgLsf]
Knf6'g sdf08/ x'g'ePsf s=cleif]s 5f]6} ;dodf sDkgL ;xfos sdf08/df r'lgg' eof] .
P]+z]n'vs{ df]rf{df 3fOt] x'g'ePsf s=cleif]s wg'iffsf] ob's'jf df]rf{df
hf"bf sDkgL sd08/sf] lhDd]jf/Ldf x'g'x'GYof] . Psflt/ P]+z]n'vs{sf] cfnf]
3fp / csf]{tkm{ Hj/f]sf] lj/fdL k/]sf s=cleif]snfO{ kf6L{n] cf/fd ug{ hf]8 ub}{
Jof6n kmd]{zgaf6 x6fP klg uhf{¨ P]+z]n'vs{ / ef]hk'/df cfºgf bh{gf} ;xof]4f
u'dfO;s]sf] Ps qmflGtsf/L of]4fsf] dg df]rf{df guO/xg dfg]g / cfºgf
;Dk"0f{ kL8fnfO{ krfP/ …ob's'jfÚ df]rf{df hfg'eof] / cfºgf] P;N6sf] sdf08
ub]{ cufl8 a9\bf b'Zdgsf] uf]nL nflu jxf"n] pRr zxfbt k|fKt ug'{eof] . ;ft
j6f df]rf{, $ j6f cGo le8Gt, ! j6f sdf08f] sfjf{xL nufot bh{gf}+ kmf}hL
sfjf{xLdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ul/;Sg' ePsf s=cleif]ssf] zl//df
?Dhf6f/ df]rf{ / P]+z]n'vs{ le8Gtdf nfu]sf lu|g]6 / uf]nLsf 5/f{x? cem} lgsfnL
;lsPsf] lyPg . jxf" ;w} cGo 3fOt] sd/]8x?sf] pkrf/ g} klxnf ug'{ k5{ .
d]/f] nflu kf6L{n] b'Mv ug'{ kb}{g eGg' x'GYof] . geGb} kf6L{n] jxf"sf]
nflu s]xL ug{ gkfp"b} pxf"n] kf6L{ / qmflGtsf] nflu cfºgf] hLjg lbP/
ef}lts?kdf xfdL ;a}nfO{ 5f8]/ o; ;+;f/af6 ljbf x'g' eof] . kmf}hL bIftfsf wlg
dfq ge} Ps ljj]sjfg, ldng;f/, ;Ifd sdf08/nfO{ hgd'lQm ;]gfn] u'dfof] .
cfºgf] sdf08/;"u} n8\b} ubf{ s=;+lhj -pk]Gb| lh/]n_n]
klg pRr zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ eof] . l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf] rf]s6L ufh;–*
a'"ufynLdf @)$@ ;fn efb|df a'af jnaxfb'/ lh/]n / cfdf jfns'df/L lh/]nsf]
sf]vaf6 hlGdPsf s=;+lhj !* jif{sf] pd]/d} hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] Knf6'g ;xfos
sdf08/sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;Ifd x'geof] . sIff ( df k9\b} clvn -qmflGtsf/L_
af6 /fhg}lts hLjg z'? u/L ;Sg'ePsf s=;+lhj )%( ebf} !# ut] kf6L{sf]
k"0f{sflng sfo{stf{ x'g'eof] . s]xL ;do ljBfyL{ ;+u7gdf sfd u/]sf o'jf
;+lhjnfO{ kf6L{n] Pl/of :Sjfo8 x'"b} lhNnf Knf6'gdf k7fof] . n8fs' efjgfn]
el/Psf s= ;+lhj lhNnf Knf6'g ;]S;g sdf08/ x'"b} sDkgL cGtu{t Knf6'g ;xfos
sdf08/sf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ul//xg' ePsf] lyof] . ;nf{xLsf] aonaf; sdf08f]
/]8af6 df]rf{df n8\g z'? ug'{ ePsf s=;+lhjn] df]rf{j4 le8Gt uhf]¨ / P]+z]n'vs{
x'"b} ef]hk'/ df]rf{ / ob's'jf;Dd cfOk'Ubf cfwf bh{g eGbf a9L n8fO"x?
nl8;Sg' ePsf] lyof] . s=;+lhj Ps ;Ifd sdf08/ dfq geP/ ;flxTo, snf / ;+uLtsf]
If]qdf Ps gof" k|ltef x'g'x'GYof] .
ob's'jf df]rf{df zxfbt k|fKt ug'{x'g] Knf6'g ;xfos sdf08/ s=
s'df/ -;+lhj jfOjf_ …ob's'jfÚ df]rf{ cufl8 g} # k6s uDeL/ 3fOt] e};Sg' ePsf]
lyof] . klxnf] df]rf{sf] ?kdf ;Nn]/L ;b/d'sfddf n8\g' ePsf s=s'df/, r}gk'/
hf"bf dfª\;Ldf le8Gt, ledfg df]rf{ / ?Dhf6f/ df]rf{df 3fOt] x'g'ePsf] xf]
. ?Dhf6f/ df]rf{df pxf"sf] 3f"6Ldf uf]nL nfu]sf] lyof] /
3f"6Laf6 aflx/} ;f; lg:s"bf xfdLn] pxf"nfO{ dfof dfl/;s]sf
lyof}+ . t/ hgd'lQm ;]gfsf ;IFd 8fS6/x?n] pxf"nfO{ arfPkl5 k"ghL{jg
k|fKt ug'[{eof] s=s'df/n] . em08} ! bh{g hlt n8fO"x?df ;xefuL ;fxf;L
s=s'df/ )%* ;fnb]lv k"0f{sflng x'g'ePsf] xf] . lktf rGb|axfb'/ jfOjf /
cfdf ;/:jtL jfOjfsf] sf]vaf6 @)#( ;fn a}zfv
$ ut] sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] ;fnwf/f ufh;–* df pxf"sf] hGd ePsf]
lyof] . ul/a ls;fg kl/jf/df hlGdg' ePsf s=s'df/n] ul/aLsf] sf/0f & sIffeGbf
dfly k9\g kfpg' ePg . lg8/tf, ;+oldttf, uDeL/tf, lh1f;' pxf"sf lj;{g}
g;lsg] rfl/lqs ljz]iftf xf] .
s=cfsfz klg To:t} csf]{ axfb'/ of]4fsf] gfd xf] . cfsfz h:t}
ljzfn XboePsf s=cfsfz klg cfºgf] sDkgL sdf08/;"u} ob's'jf df]rf{df zxfbt
k|fKt ubf{ ;]S;g sdf08/ x'g'x'GYof] . sfe|]sf] es'08]a]zL df]rf{af6 n8fO"
z'? ug'{ ePsf s=cfsfzn] r}gk'/, ledfg, ?Dhf6f/, nxfg, uhf{¨, P]+z]n'vs{,
ef]hk'/, ob's'jf u/L ( j6f df]rf{x?df jL/tfk"j{s nl8 ;Sg' ePsf] 5 eg]
gfDb', bf]nfn3f6 nufot y'k}| PDa';df efu lng'ePsf] lyof] . n8fO"df
pxf"nfO{ kms]{/ x]bf{ of] dfG5]nfO{ 8/ eGg] s'/fsf] cg'e"lt 5}g h:tf]
nfUYof] dnfO{ . lbg/ft cToGt} ;lqmotfk"j{s v6\g] OdfGbf/ s=cfsfzn] k|fo
sfd ubf{ cfnf]lrt g} x'g'k/]g . n8fO"df ?lr /fVg] s=cfsfz k|fljlws 1fg /
Jojxf/df w]/} ;Ifd x'g'x'GYof] . @)%* >fj0f @! ut] kf6L{ k|j]z ug'{ ePsf
s=cfsfzsf] To;eGbf cufl8 /fhgLltk|lt s'g} em'sfj lyPg . pxf"sf] hGd /fd]5fk
lhNnfsf] vlgofkfgL ufh;sf @)#( ;fndf ePsf] lyof] . cfdf uf]/Ldfof >]i7 /
a'af rGb|axfb'/ >]i7sf sfG5f] 5f]/f s=cfsfz -hgs >]i7_ n] ul/aLsf] sf/0f
:s'n hfg kfpg' ePg . kf6L{df k|j]z u/]kl5 pxf"n] k9\g n]Vgdf w]/} ljsf;
ul/;Sg' ePsf] lyof] .
To:t} ob's'jf df]rf{df zxfbt k|fKt ug]{ csf{ sd/]8 s=;+3if{
-ldng >]i7_ sf] hGd a'af kmpb >]i7 / cfdf rGb|s'df/L >]i7sf] sf]vaf6
@)%$ ;fn h]7 @$ ut] l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf] 7"nf] kfv/ ufh;–% df ePsf] lyof]
. )%( kmfu'g !@ ut] k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{ eP/ kf6L{ k|j]z ug'{ ePsf
s=;+3if{n] kf6L{ leq} cfP/ cWoog ug{'[ ePsf] xf] . l56f] l;Sg] IFdtf / rnfv
s=;+3if{ s]xL ;dob]lv sDkgL sfof{no :6fksf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{ cfpg' ePsf]
lyof] . uhf{¨ le8Gtaf6 n8fO"df efu lng' ePsf s=;+3if{n] P]+z]n'vs{,
ef]hk'/ x'"b} ob's'jfdf cfP/ n8\bf zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] xf] . ;fg} eP
klg pxf" cToGt} ldlxg]tL / kfsf] x'g'x'GYof] .
kms]{/ x]bf{ ;+of]u h:tf] nfU5 . tL kf"r hgf sd/]8x? hf]
x]¥of] pxL jL/ . hf] x]¥of] pxL OdfGbf/, hf] x]¥of] pxL cg'zfl;t . hf] x]¥of]
pxL b[9 ljZjf;L . hf] x]¥of] pxL cfzfjfbL . ;f/df cToGt} dxTjk"0f{ sd/]8x?
. h;sf] /utn] ob's'jf df]rf{ ;kmn eof] . s=;+3if{afx]s rf/ hgf sd/]8x?;"u
d ;Nn]/L b]lv g} ;"u} n8\b} cf"P . qmflGtsf] lgod g} o:t} xf]nf ;fob,
hf] a9L vfl/+b} uof] p af"Rb} hfG5 ljrf/df eg] ef}lts zl// u'Db} klg .
s;sf] dg ;lhn} km'lnPnf olta]nf h;sf] Xbo ;xof]4fsf] lj5f]8n] eSsfgf] k/]sf] 5
. km]l/ sf] zfGt /xg ;Snf clxn] h;n] ef}lts ?kdf ;j{xf/fju{sf] d'lQmbftfx?
u'dfPsf 5g\ . xfdL af"r]sfx?n] xfd|f] cufl8 ;of}+ cu|hx? u'dfof}+ . xfdL
olta]nf Psflt/ ;Dj]bgfsf] ;fu/df 8'la/x]sf 5f}+ eg] csf]{lt/ cfqmf]zsf] Hjfnf
bGsfp"b} 5f}+ / ;Nsfp"b} 5f}+ ljb|f]xsf] /f"sf] . ju{j}/Lsf
lsNnfdf wfjf af]Ng] xfd|f] ofqf hf/L 5 / hf/L /xg] 5 hlxn];Dd tL dxfg\
zxLbx?sf] ;kgf ;j{xf/fju{sf] :j0fLd ;fDojfbL ;dfh hGdb}g . xf] xfdL zxLbx?n]
b]vfPsf] af6f]nfO{ k5\ofp"b} ;fDojfb hGdfpg /utsf s0fx? /f]lk/x]sf 5f}+ /
l;+lr/xg]5f}+ /utn] g} wtL{ ha x/fe/f ;'Gb/ x'"b}g /ftf] km"njf/L .
cGtdf o'u–o'u;Dd af"lr/xg] tL kf"r jL/x?sf] ;Demgfdf efjk"0f{
>4fGhnL † clGtd >4fGhnL †