ls/ft u0ftGq ;/sf/sf] /fli6«o etL{ cleofg ;kmn kf/f}+
uf]kfn vDa'
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ug]{ xfdLx?sf] 7f]; cjwf/0ff xf] . /fhg}lts, cfly{s ?kn] cw{–cf}klgj]lzs /
cw{–;fdGtL cj:yfsf lj?4 gf}nf] hgjfbL qmflGt ljhosf] ;lGgs6 k'lu/x]sf] ;Gbe{df
P]ltxfl;s ;fdflhs cyf{t cfGtl/s /fli6«otfsf b[li6n] ax'/fli6«otf -ax'hftLotf_df
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j:t'l:yltsf] 7f]; cfjZostf cg';f/ ljBdfg cGofok"0f{ /fHo;Qfsf] ;+/rgfnfO{
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u0ftGq ;/sf/x? 3f]if0ff ul/Psf 5g\ . klZrd v;fgsf e]/L–s0ff{nL /
;]tL–dxfsfnL tyf du/ft, td'jfg, yf?jfg, tdfª zflnª, dw]z / ls/ft u0ftGq;d]t
o:tf ;/sf/x? cfh cf7j6f dha't cfwf/ Onfsfsf] ?kdf hgo'4sf] d}bfgdf v8f ePsf 5g\ .
sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf g]jf/L :jfoQ u0ftGq lglZrt ul/P klg k'/fgf] s]Gb|Lo
/fhwfgL;“u} Tof] /x]sf] cj:yfn] xfn qmflGtsf/L cfwf/ Onfsf aGg]u/L g]jf/L
u0ftGq ;/sf/ 3f]if0ff ;Dej /x]g . emfkf, df]/ª / ;'g;/Lsf /fhdfu{ blIf0f
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k|oTg e}/x]sf] 5 . ;DejtM df]/ª / ;'g;/Lsf ;LdfjtL{ Onfsfdf ofbj nufotsf]
:jfoQ lhNnf klg aGg ;Sb5 .
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j}1flgs k4ltdf cfwfl/t g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] o; ;+3Lo cjwf/0ff cg';f/ ca g]kfndf
wd{ lg/k]Iftf / ;+3fTds cj:yfsf] j:t'tM cEof; z'? ePsf] 5 . k|fb]lzs
hg;Qfsf] ?kdf :yflkt :jfoQ u0ftGq ;/sf/x?sf] ;+:yfut sfo{n] o;/L k'/fgf]
s]Gb|Lo ;Qfdfly lg0ff{os k|sf/n] /fhgLlts k|Tofqmd0f ul/Psf] :jtM :ki6 5 .
/ vf;u/L ljutdf Pdfn] / sf+u|];n] h;/L g} dfcf]jfbL g]tfx?n] wf]vf lbG5g ls
eGg] ls/ftjf;L hgtfdf /x]sf] cfz+sf lgjf/0f sfo{df ls/ft u0ftGq ;/sf/sf]
3f]if0ffn] ljz]if e”ldsf v]n]sf] dfGg' kb{5 . / g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf]
gLlt lgdf{tfx?sf af/] P]ltxfl;s lj8Dagfx?sf sf/0f ul/Psf cfz+sf j:t'tM :jo+
ls/ftjf;Lx?tkm{ g} kms]{sf] cj:yf >[li6 ePsf] a'‰g' kb{5 ls ca ls/ftL ;d'bfo
nufot ls/ftjf;L hgtfsf] Gofo / d'lQm ug]{ jf gug]{ eGg] k|Zg :j+o
ls/ftjf;Lx?sf] ljj]s, hfu/0f / ;fx;d} k"/f lge{/ ub{5 .
xfdL ca zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] qmd e+u u/]/ /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf]
r/0fdf cEo:t x'g' kb{5 . g]kfnL hgo'4k|lt ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf dxf;lrj sf]kmL
cGgfg ;d]tsf] ;sf/fTds ;/f]sf/ k|bz{g, ;fd|fHojfb / ;fdGtjfbdf cfwfl/t k'/fgf]
;Qfdfly xfd|f] ;kmn cGt/f{li6«o /fhg}lts x:tIf]k xf] eg] hgj/L–km]j|c/L @))$
e/L 3f]if0ff ul/Psf ls/ft u0ftGq ;/sf/ nufot cf7 :jfoQ hg;/sf/x?sf] ;+:yfut
pkl:ylt k'/fgf] ;Qfdfly hgo'4sf] lg0ff{os /fli6«o /fhgLlts k|Tofqmd0f ePsf]
5 . b'j} /fhg}lts x:tIf]k / pRr s]Gb|Ls[t kmf}hL wSsfsf] PsLs[t
k|Tofqmd0faf6 lg/Gt/ cl3 a9\g] o; r/0f ;DaGwdf :ki6 x'g clwstd h?/L 5 .
sltkodf a'emfO{ s] kfOG5 eg] pRr s]Gb|Ls[t sfjf{xLåf/f /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf
k|j]z ug'{ eg]sf] s]jn pRr k|sf/ kmf}hL sfjf{xL dfq xf] / To:tf] sfjf{xLsf]
k|ltIff ug'{ kb{5 . o:tf] a'emfOdf ;du| hgo'4sf] sfo{lbzf ;d]l6g
;Sb}g . bf]/Daf xTofsf08af6 o'4lj/fd / jftf{ eª\u ePkl5sf] ljs]Gb|Lt
kmf}hL sfjf{xLx?, ef]hk'/ / DofUbL sfjf{xLsf] tof/L dfq lyPgg, vf;ul/ k'“hLjfbL
hgjfbLx?sf] sfo{qmd ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj;Dd c:jLsf/ ug]{ k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qflj?4
cGt/f{li6«o :t/af6 /fhg}lts x:tIf]k Pj+ k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] kfnfb]lv lxGb'
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pTkLl8t hflt / If]qsf] d'lQmnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ k|fb]lzs hg;Qfx?nfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{
/fli6«o /fhg}lts sfo{df Tof] d"ntM s]Gb|Ls[t /x]sf] xf] .
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kb{5 / To;sf lglDt oxL g} sfkmL 5 ls ut kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] a}7sb]lv g}
b[9tfk”j{s eGb} cfPsf 5f}+ ls– æ;Dk"0f{ b]z ca xfdLn] lhDdf lng'
kb{5 .Æ kmf}hLsf]0faf6 dfq} ljrf/ ubf{ pRrtd\ sfjf{xLx?sf] tof/L / k|ltIff
:jefljs x'G5 . k/Gt'M xfdL ;du| hgo'4 nl8/x]sf] cyf{t gf}nf] /fHo Joj:yfsf
lglDt nl8/x]sf] x'gfn] /fhg}lts tof/L / a'emfOsf] :ki6tfaf6 dfq cfºgf] sfo{ef/
;DkGg ug{ ;dy{ x'g]5f}+, elg/xg' kb}{g . s= dfcf]sf] …hgo'4df ;a} s'/fsf]
sdf08 /fhgLltn] u5{Ú eGg] tYonfO{ dfq uxg ?kdf cfTd;ft\ ul/of] eg] qmflGtsf/L
lx/f]jfbsf] vt/faf6 aRg' ;Dej x'g]5 . k'/fgf] ;Qfwf/Lx? vfnL hgd'lQm
;]gfsf] pkl:yltnfO{ g} dfq b]Vb5g\ . k/Gt', b]zdf ljBdfg pTkL8gsf/L
/fhg}lts, cfly{s, ;f”:s[lts sf/0f / To;sf] k[i7e”ldaf6 hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] ljsf;
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cfly{s, ;f”:s[lts Joj:yfsf] Uof/]06Laf6 dfq hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] k|bz{gnfO{ Jojl:yt
ug{ ;lsg] tkm{ ;f]Rb}gg\, a'‰b}gg\ jf df}g /xG5g\ . ;z:q hg;]gf qmflGtdf
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kf6L{ xf]Og, eGg] s= dfcf]sf] dfu{ lgb]{zgdf cl3 a9\g] hgd'lQm ;]gfn] cfºgf]
e”ldsf o;/L af]w ul//x]5, cfd hg;d'bfosf ;fy qmflGtsf/L sfo{stf{x?n] k|ydtM
…/fhg}lts ;Qfsf] lglDt kmf}hL sfjf{xLÚ eGg] jf]w u/]/ /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf]
r/0fnfO{ /fHo;Qf lj?4 lg0ff{os k|Tofqmd0f clg j:t'tM gf}nf] /fHo;Qf lgdf{0f /
;~rfngsf] cy{df u|x0f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o:tf] a'emfO{ / u/fOaf6 g} …b]z
lhDdf lng]Ú gf/fsf] Jojxfl/s cEof; ;fy{s x'g]5 .
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;+u7gsf] ?k kmf}hL / ;ª\3if{sf] ?k o'4 xf]Ú eg]/ hgo'4sf] kxn cl3 g} lgdf{0f
ul/Psf b:tfj]hx?sf] cWoog–dgg\ ug{ h?/L b]lvG5 . To;dfly ca t emg\
k|fb]lzs :t/;Ddsf] hg;Qfx?sf] dfldnf ylkPsf] cj:yf 5 . ta kf6L{, ;]gf /
;QfaLr ;DaGw jf k[ys e”ldsf s;/L jf]w ug]{ / Jojxf/ ug'{kg]{ xf] < of] k|Zg
v8f x'g :jeljs 7xb{5 . xfdL :ki6 x'g} kb{5 ls kf6L{ cyf{t
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:yfkgf / lj:tf/ sfo{ klg a9\b} hfG5 . ha k'/fgf] s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qf sJhf
ul/G5, hg;Qfx? ;Dk"0f{ ?kn] d'Qm x'G5g\ . ha hg;Qfx? d'Qm x'G5g\,
gf}nf] /fHo Joj:yfn] ;du| lxt k|ltlglwTj ug{ ;s]g ef] To;sf] ;xL hjfkm Oltxf;n]
lbPsf] 5 ls !(() sf] hgcfGbf]ngkl5 Pdfn] / sf+u|];sf] xfnt s] eof], c?sf] klg
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ljlbt} 5 ls sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] p2]Zo ;fDojfb;Dd k'u]/ :j+o
cfkm'nfO{ lj36g ug'{ xf] . To;/L ;fDojfb;Dd k'Ugsf] lglDt d'VotM
;j{xf/fju{n] lg0ff{os e”ldsf v]Nb5 . ctM sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] ;j{xf/fju{sf] g}
k|ltlglwTj ub{5 . tyflk g]kfn h:tf] cw{–cf}klgj]lzs / cw{–;fdGtL d”n'sdf
hxf” cf}Bf]uLs/0f ePsf] 5}g, ;j{xf/fju{sf] pkl:ylt kof{Kt x'”b}g . o:tf]
d”n'sdf qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] ;r]tg k|of;af6 ;j{xf/f juL{o kf6L{ lgdf{0f ul/G5 /
qmflGtsf Go”gtd\ / clwstd\ sfo{qmd cGt{ut ;dfhjfb x'”b} ;fDojfb;Dd hfg] nIo
lglZrt ul/G5 eg] Go'gtd sfo{qmd cGt/ut tfTsfnLg /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o
kl/l:yltsf] ;fk]Iftfdf hgtfsf] hgjfbL jf gf}nf] hgjfbL /fHoJoj:yf sfod ug]{ nIo
/flvG5 . xfn g]kfnL hgo'4sf] Go'gtd\ sfo{qmd ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj h:tf]
ePsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj lgtfGt k'”hLjfbL hgjfbLx?sf] /fhg}lts
sfo{qmd xf], h;n] ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{nfO{ cfTd;ft ub{5 . k/Gt', g]kfnsf]
;Gbe{df of] Tolts} k|ultzLn sfo{qmd xf] . h;af6 cfd hgtfn] r'g]sf]
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ug'{ eg]sf] gf}nf] hgjfbeGbf klg Go'gtd\ sfo{qmd xf] . t;y{ qmflGtsf/L
hg;d'bfodf k|Zg v8f x'g] x'G5 ls ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdf k'/fgf] ;Qfwf/Ln] ax'dt
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ug]{5 . l;4fGttM of] k|Zg / cfz+sf ;xL xf] . k/Gt', b]zdf Jojxf/sf]
l:ylt eg] lgtfGt km/s /x]sf] hf];'s}n] cg'e”t ug{ ;S5 . Tof] s;/L eg]
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;~rfnsx? b]z / hgtfsf] ;DaGwdf hlt 3[l0fft 5g\ g}lts ?kdf
Tof]eGbf xhf/ u'0ff vnkfq ag]sf 5g\ . otf gf}nf] hg;Qfsf] dfu{bz{s g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_;”u
eg] b]z / hgtfnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ ;aeGbf k|ultzLn /fhg}lts sfo{qmd /x]sf] s'/f
hgo'4sf] tLa|t/ ljsf;n] g} :ki6 ub{5 . vf;ul/ b]zsf] juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo
Pj+ gf/L d'lQmsf] 7f]; sfo{ef/ ;DkGg ug]{ j}1flgs k|ltj4tfaf6} k|x/L kf]i6x?
sJhf ub]{ cfh zfxL ;]gfsf] a6flnogdfly wfjf af]Ng ;Sg] o'4 Ifdtfsf] ljsf;
ul/Psf] tYo b'lgof”df :yflkt 5 . o;/L d”ntM b]z / hgtfnfO{ k|ultzLn
cfwf/df Jojl:yt ug]{ cu|ufdL /fhg}lts sfo{qmd s]jn g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_;”u dfq
/x]sf] k[i7e”lddf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gf}lt ;fdgf ubf{ Jojxf/tM gf}nf] hg;Qfsf]
kIfdf ax'dt cfpg] lrq Pp6f j:t'ut oyfy{ ag]sf] 5 . csf]{, k'/fgf ;Qfwf/Lx?
b]z / hgtfsf] dfldnfdf cToGt} k|ltlqmofjfbL 5g\ . t/, ltgLx? cfpg] ;Qfsf]
l:yltaf/] klg ToxL :t/df ;f]Rb5g\ eg]/ a'‰g' Hofb} sdhf]/L x'g]5 . olb
b]zsf] Jojxfl/s l:ylt klg s;}n] z+sf u/] h:t} ;f”Rr} k'/fg} ;Qfsf] kIfdf ax'dt
hfg] eOlbPsf] eP ;dod} ltgLx? ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj :jLsf/ ug]{ lyP, :jLsf/ ug]{
lyP dfq xf]Og, xfdL qmflGtsf/LnfO{ r'gf}lt v8f ug{ ltgLx?n] g} ;+ljwfg ;efsf]
k|:tfj klg ug]{ lyP . csf]{ s'/f, ;g\ !(*) -lj;+ @)#^_ sf] hgdt ;+u|xdf
h;/L ax'bnjfbLsf] xf/ eof], cfhsf] g]kfnL gful/s w]/} cl3 al9;s]sf 5g\ .
;g\ ()sf] hgcfGbf]ng n8\g] / dxfg\ hgo'4nfO{ of] p”rfOdf p7fpg ;Sg] g]kfnL hgdt
cufdL cj;/af6 s'g} d”Nodf klg wf]sf vfg tof/ 5}gg\ . of] j:t'ut oyfy{sf]
k[i7e”lddf ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjaf6 vf;u/L gf}nf] hg;Qfx?sf] cg'df]bg ;'lgZrt
/x]sf] tkm{ k”/f cfZjZt x'g ;lsG5 . / hg;d'bfodf k"0f{tM cfwfl/t /x]/
cl3 a9\g] sfo{lbzf lglZrt u/L ax'bnLo k|ltZkwf{ ;d]t :jLsf/ ul/Psf] ;Gbe{df
;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjaf6 sd;]sd hgtfsf] hgjfbL Joj:yf sfod x'g] / lg/Gt/
qmflGtsf] dfu{bz{gdf cl3 a9\b} ;fDojfb;Dd k'Ug] dfu{k|z:t ul/g] k|lt
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] b'lgof”nfO{ r'gf}lt g} lbPsf] 5 . o;}nfO{ …PSsfO;f}+
ztfAbLdf sDo'lgi6x?n] qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ dfq xf]Og, vf;u/L k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg ;Sg'
kb{5Ú dflgPsf] xf] .
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ul//x]sf] 5 . bf]/Daf xTofsf08;“u} z'? ePsf] ljs]Gb|Lt sfjf{xLsf] qmddf
qmflGtsf/L tkm{ hlt klg Iflt ePsf 5g\, To;df b'Zdgsf] ;jntfeGbf xfd|} sdhf]/Lsf
sf/0f To;f] x'g uPsf] g} k|l6G5 . 36gf 3l6;s]kl5 k|ltlqmof ;'Gg] ul/G5,
hgtfn] t eg]s} /x]5, t/ ;fyLx?s} nfk/jfxLn] To;f] eP5 . kmnfgf sd/]8n] t
hf]8 u/]s} /x]5, t/ c? sd/]8x?sf sf/0f To;f] eP5 . hDd} sd/]8n] t hf]8
ug'{ ePs} lyof], t/ kmnfgf sd/]8n] l9kL s:bf Tof] kl/0ffd eof] OToflb .
o;df vf;u/L k”j{sf] ;Gbe{df eGg' kbf{ cfd sfo{stf{ kª\lQmaf6 k|Tofqmd0fsf]
sfo{z}nL a'‰g] / clVtof/ ug]{ dfldnfdf sdL /x]sf] x'gfn] uDeL/ sdhf]/L JoQm x'g
uof] . hgo'4df /0fg}lts /Iffsf] r/0fdf 3f]lift …5fkfdf/ sfo{ lgb]{lzsfaf/]Ú
sfo{z}nL k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ 5 . To;df elgPsf]
lyof]–…tTk/, ultzLn / cfqmd0f aGg' 5fkfdf/x?sf] cfwf/e't sfo{z}nL x'G5 .Ú
k/Gt', ljut ljs]Gb|Lt sfjf{xLsf] qmddf qmflGtsf/Lx?af6 y'k}| ;dodf tTk/tf /
ultzLntfsf] z}nL clVtof/ gul/+bf hlt Ifltx? eP, cfqmfdstfsf] cefjdf kqmfp
kl/;s]kl5 pN6} b'Zdgsf] Ph]06 aGg] h:tf h3Go ck/fwsf 36gfx? klg b]lvP .
k/Gt', hlt Ifltx? x'g uP, b'Zdgsf] ck]Iff cg';f/sf] Iflt t kSs} /x]g, tyflk
sdeGbf sd cfºgf] Ifltdf a9LeGbf a9L b'Zdgsf] Onfsf sJhf ug'{ 5fkfdf/o'4sf]
h'g;'s} r/0fdf qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] bfloTj x'G5 . s=dfcf]n] eGg' ePs} 5– …dflg;
eg]sf] s'g} 3f”;kft 7'6f d'9f xf]Og, hjsL 3f”;kft 7'6fd'9f kf] sf6] klg knfp”5,
t/ dflg; t Psrf]6L sf6]kl5 km]l/ knfpg} ;Sb}g . To;}n] dflg;sf] Ifltaf/]
k"0f{ lhDd]jf/ x'g' kb{5 .Ú s=dfcf]sf] of] lgb]{zgn] c?nfO{ Iflt
k'¥ofpg] ;DaGwdf dfq ;r]t u/fPsf] h:tf] b]lvG5, t/ o;sf] cGto{ s] klg xf] eg]
cgfxsdf cfkm' sfl6g' kg]{ unt sfo{nfO{ klg To;n] Tolts} lgif]w ub{5 . ctM
kmf}hL ?kdf eGg' kbf{ xfdL qmflGtsf/Lx?n] b'Zdg lj?4 ;bf tTk/, ultzLn / cfqmfds
sfo{z}nL clVtof/ ug'{ g} /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] klg sfo{z}nL x'G5 . cflv/
tTk/tf / ultzLntfn] cfk'm :j+onfO{ klg s'g} xfgL ub}g, a? ;kmn qmflGtsf] bfloTj
lgjf{x ug]{ of]Uotf g} ljsl;t x'G5 . sDo'lgi6x? cfTd3ftL sfjf{xLsf] lj/f]wL
x'G5g\, k/Gt' b'Zdgsf] sJhfdf k/]/ qmflGt lj?4 ck/fw ug'{ eGbf cem cfqmfds
sfo{z}nL clVtof/ ug]{ sfd g} a9L ;fGble{s 7xg]{ xf] ls < :jo+ qmflGtsf/Ln]
lg0f{o lng' kb{5 . ls/ft u0ftGq ;/sf/sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf klg elgPs} 5
ls lg0ff{os 9ª\un] e|d lrg]{, 3]/f tf]8\g] / k|Tofqmd0f ug]{ sfo{z}nL clVtof/
ug'{ kb{5 . o:tf] k|Tofqmd0fsf] /fhg}lts Pj+ kmf}hL sfo{z}nL pRr g}ltstfdf
l;h{gfTdstf ;lxt clVtof/ ug'[ kg]{ :jtM :ki6 5 .
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j}rfl/s–;f”:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] ckl/xfo{tf 5 . ;r]t hg;d'bfoaf6 of]Uo
sfo{stf{ pTkfbg x'g' bf]>f] s'/f x'G5 . t/, k|yd s'/f vf;u/L of]Uo
sfo{stf{n] g} hg;d'bfonfO{ ;r]t u/fpg' kb{5 . ta sDo'lgi6 sfo{stf{ ;dfhsf]
cu'jf aGg' ;Dej x'G5 . /f]Nkf–?s'ddf k'u]/ cg'ej ubf{ Toxf” s] kfOG5 eg]
k|yd, :jefj}n] hgtf / sfo{stf{ dfem qmflGtsf/Lx? cToGt} xflb{s, lh1f;' /
lhDd]jf/L k”j{s k|:t't x'G5g\ cfk;df dt ljjfb ubf{ klg oxL ljlw
ckgfp”5g\ . b'Zdg jf b'Zdgsf] lsQfdf k'u]sfnfO{ dfq s7f]/ Jojxf/ ug]{
ub{5g\ . k”j{sf qmflGtsf/Ln] hgtf / sfo{stf{aLr Ps cfk;df o:tf] xflb{s tyf
lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ Jojxf/, lzi6–g}lts efiffsf] k|of]u / hg;d'bfo Pj+ sd/]8x?
dfem clwstd kl/kSj eP/ k|:t't x'g] cflb
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ljsf; / ;'b[l9s/0fsf] of]Uotf k|bz{g klg :jtM x'g]5 . bf]>f], cu'jf sfo{stf{sf] o:tf] lhDd]jf/
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klZrdsf] cfwf/ Onfsfsf] P]ltxfl;s k|lti7f xfl;n ul//x]sf] tYo a'‰g h?/L
5 . kf6L{ g]t[Tjn] z'?lt/ k”j{df ;+u7g g} u/]g, cfnf]s k|j[ltn] lj/f¥of],
hftLo cfGbf]ng dfq vf]Hg] jf ;+zf]wgjfbn] u|:t kf/]sf] h:tf lrGtf / u'gf;fn] ca
lgtfGt k'/fgf] qmd e+uu/L gof” 5nf¨ dfg'{ qmflGtsf] cfjZostf g} xf] . ljut
cf7 jif{sf] cjlwnfO{ 5f8]/ -lsgls Tof] ca 5f]l8 ;lsPsf] 5 ._ Oltxf;sf] s'/f
ug]{ xf] eg] k”j{sf] /fhgLlt k6Ss} sdhf]/ 5}g . k”j{sf] Oltxf; cWoog ubf{
cfnf]s k|j[lt otfsf] dfq u/]/ x'g} ;Sb}g . kl5Nnf] ljsf; qmdnfO{ x]bf{
hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] l;¨f] l8lehg ;lhn} kl/rfng ug]{ Pj+ ls/ft u0ftGq ;/sf/ 3f]if0ff
/ ;~rfng sfo{df ;fx;k”j{s g]t[Tj ug]{ k”j{sf] of]Uotfdf ljz]if kl/dfh{gsf] h?/L
dfq xf] . cfºgf] JolQmut OR5f / cfjZostfx?nfO{ sld6L dftxt /fVg] ;+ul7t
x}l;otsf qmflGtsf/Lx?n] o:tf] u'0ffTds kl/dfh{g ug}{ kb{5 .
elgG5, qmflGtsf/L sdf08/ Tof] xf], h;n] cfºgf] ;]gfsf] dfq
xf]Og cfOk/]sf] a]nf b'Zdg ;]gfsf] klg ;lhn} sdf08 ug{ ;sf];\ . qmflGt
;DkGg ePkl5 g} u0ftGq ;/sf/x? 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] eP klg x'g] lyof] . k/Gt',
qmflGtsf] qmdd} Tof] lsg ul/of] t < klxnf], Oltxf;df wf]vf vfPsf hgtfnfO{
dfcf]jfbL kf6L{n] st} s'g} xfntdf wf]vf lbg] 5}g eGg] j:t'ut cfwf/ :yflkt ug{ /
bf]>f], qmflGt ;DkGg ePkl5sf] cj:yfdf lxhf] Pdfn] / sf+u|]; h;/L x'g
gk/f];\, qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ng ;”u;“u} hgtfsf] /fHo;Qf ;~rfng ug]{ bIftf klg
xfl;n ul/of];\, eg]/ g} tTsfn :jfoQ u0ftGq ;/sf/x? u7g tyf 3f]if0ff ul/Psf]
s'/f a'‰g ;lsG5 . ls/ft u0ftGq r'Dn'ª -ls/ftL ;+;b_ k”j{sf] hgo'4df Pp6f
ljzfn cfwf/ Onfsf xf] . cfhsf] qmflGtsf/L cfwf/ Onfsf g} ef]lnsf lglDt /fhg}lts
;Qf aGb5 . o;}nfO{ qmflGtsf/L hg;Qf eGg] ul/Psf] 5 / ca of] k”j{sf] cfwf/
Onfsfsf] vf; ;~rfns sfo{sf/L u0ftGq ;/sf/ aGg k'u]sf] 5 . o;y{ ls/ftL
cfwf/ Onfsfsf] /IFf / ;'b[l9s/0fsf lglDt qmflGtsf/Lx?n] k|ydtM k|Todqmd0fsf]
/fhg}lts sfo{z}nLnfO{ lg/Gt/ p”rfOdf u|x0f ug'{ kb{5 eg] bf]>f], /fli6«o
etL{ cleofg eJotfsf;fy ;kmn ug]}{ kb{5 . ls/ft u0ftGq ;/sf/sf] /fli6«o
etL{ cleofg lsg < xfd|f] ;/sf/åf/f hf/L clkndf :ki6 elgPsf] 5– æk'/fgf]
s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sJhf jf ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjåf/f ls/ft u0ftGq r'Dn'ªsf] ;+j}wflgs
cg'df]bgaf6 -!_ ls/ft u0ftGqsf ;a} efiffx?sf] ;dfg clwsf/ / Gofof]lrt ljsf; -@_
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cfwf/df k|ltlglwTj, 5'jf5't d'Qm ;fdflhs Joj:yf -#_ ls/ft u0ftGqsf] j:tL
of]hgfnfO{ Jofks s]Gb|Ls/0f–cf}wf]lus/0f u/L j}1flgs 9ª\usf] s[lif pTkfbg,
Jojl:yt ko{6g, :yfgLo hn>f]tsf] /fi6«jfbL pkof]u tyf vlgh, hl8a'6L /
gfgfyl/sf pBf]u wGbfx? ;~rfngaf6 cfTdlge{/ cy{tGqsf] lgdf{0f Pj+ :jb]zd}
/f]huf/Lsf] Uof/]06L -$_ :jf:Yo / lzIff gful/ssf] cfwf/e”t clwsf/ xf], eGg]
dfGotfsf] :yfkgf, pRr df=lj=;Dd clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns lzIff, ;fIf/ b'lgof”sf nflu
hgjfbL sIFfx? ;~rfng -%_ ls/ft u0ftGqsf] k|To]s y'd -lhNnf_ ;b/d'sfd hf]8\g]
kSsL ;8s . kof{Kt s]jnsf/ Joj:yf -^_ ls/ftLsf] 5fnf sf8]/ h'Qf l;nfp”5'
eGg] xTof/f ;”o{ axfb'/ yfkf nufotsf ls/ft u0ftGq lj/f]wL, e|i6frf/L–sldzg
vf]/x?nfO{ kqmfp u/L hgcbfntsf] s73/fdf pEofpg] -&_ gLlh k|lt/IFf tyf
/fli6«o ;'/IFf ;d]tsf nflu x/]s gful/sn] rfx]sf] xltof/ /fVg kfpg] cflb clwsf/
;'lglZrt u/L @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf ls/ftjf;L hgtfsf] zfGt, ;d[b / Pstfj4 k|ultsf]
9f]sf vf]Ng /fli6«o etL{ cleofgdf xfdL ;fd]n x'g} kb{5 .Æ
o;/L dxfg\
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cg'df]bg sfo{sf lglDt ls/ftjf;Lx?sf ;fd' b[9tfk”j{s /fli6«o etL{ cleofg ;kmn
ug'{ afx]s c? s'g} ;Ddflgt ljsNk af”sL g/x]sf] ;du| j:t'ut l:ylt uDeL/tf /
lhDd]jf/Lk”j{s :jLsf/ ug]{ kb{5 .