ulx/f] wSsf / :tAwtfsf] df]8
ljZj
Iflt–pknAwL, ;kmntf–c;kmntf,
ljho–k/fho, ;'v–b'Mv, Pstf–;+3if{, b'Zdg–ldq cflb qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] hLjgdf b}lgs
cfjt hfjt ug]{ laifox? x'g . To:t} nfvf}+ 3'DtL / df]8 dWo]
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf jl/i6 :yfoL ;ldltsf ;b:o Pj+ k"jL{ s]Gb|Lo sdf08
O{~rfh{ tyf hgtsf cGt/td x[bodf :yfg k|fKt ug'{ePsf nf]slk|o g]tf /
kf6L{sf] ;Rrf cfbz{ s=df]xg j}B
-s=ls/0f_sf] ef/tLo zf;såf/f ef/tLo e"lddf ePsf] if8oGq d'ns lu/Îtf/Ln]
g]kfnL hgtf / xfd|f] dxfg kf6L{nfO{ ;fRr} Pp6f uxL/f] wSsf / :tJwtfsf] cj:yfdf
pkl:yt u/fPsf] 5 . rf? dh'Dbf/ / gS;fnjf8L cfGbf]ngsf] P]ltxfl;s
e"lddf ePsf] of] lu/Îtf/L ;+zf]wgjfbLsf] pbfª\uf] if8\oGqsf] csf]{ gd"gfsf]
kl/0ffd klg xf] . o;sf] cy{ cGo xfd|f cfGtl/s sdhf]/Lx? klg sd lhDd]jf/
5}gg . h] h] ePklg Pp6f kf6f]af6 x]bf{ of] 36gfn] xfd|f] cfGbf]ngnfO{
uxL/f] wSsf cjZo} nfu]sf] 5 . ;+zf]wgjfb, b]zLo k|ltlqmofjfb, ef/tLo
lj:tf/jfb / cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf gfO{s]x?nfO{ eg] Ifl0fs lbkfjnL / hnkfg
;df/f]xsf] ljifo cjZo} ag]sf] 5 . jxf“sf] lu/Îtf/Ln] g]kfnL hgtf / ljZj
hg;d'bfosf ;fd'Gg] g]kfnL qmflGtsf] eljZosf] lrqnfO{ lnP/ Psl5g 3f]lTng' kg]{
cjZo agfPsf] 5 . k]?, lkmlnlkG; nufotsf d'n'sx?sf] g]t[Tjsf] xTof, sAhf /
lu/Îtf/Ln] Toxf“sf] cfGbf]ngn] vfPsf] ;]6Jofs, To;n] ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ ePsf]
Ifl0fs d'tsf] Gofgf] afx]s s]xL gePsf] / gx'g] Oltxf;n] l;4 ul/;s]sf]] 5 .
s=ls/0fsf] lu/Îtf/Lsf] 36gfnfO{ lnP/ b'lgofsf] ;fd'Gg]df
tLgj6f b[li6sf]0f hlGdPsf 5g\ . klxnf] blIf0fk+yL cfTd;dk{0fjfbL
j'emfO{ . of] j'emfO{n] g]kfnL qmflGtdf dfq} xf]Og ljZj qmflGtnfO{ g}
emd]nf / pNemgdf kfb}{ ;fd|fHojfb / k|ltlqmofjfbsf] r/0fsdndf hgd'lQm
cfGbf]ngx?nfO{ r9fpb} qmflGtsf/Lx? sf lj?4 cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . xfd|f] ;Gbe{df
To;sf] 7f]; k|df0f Pdfn] nufotsf kf6L{x? /xb} cfPsf 5g\ . h;n] )@* ;fnd}
xfdLn] qmflGt u/]sf xf} . km]l//x]sf] ljZj kl/l:yltdf pRr k|ljlwsf] ljsf;
ePsf] ;Gbe{df dfcf] / n]lggsfnLg cj:yf em} e?jf aGb'saf6 ca qmflGt ;+ej geP/ g}
xfdLn] Tof] af6f] 5f]8]sf xf}+ . dfcf]jfbLsf] klg of] eGbf csf]{ ljsNk 5}g
/ pgLx? ;+;bjfbL …/fhg}lts d"nwf/Ú df gcfO ;'v} 5}g . hf];n] xf]Og,
xf];n] ;f]Rg'k5{ eg]/ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ …clt{ pkb]zÚ lbb} cfPsf ;+zf]wgjfbL /
cj;/jfbLx?sf nflu s=ls/0fsf] lu/Îtf/L csf]{ yk d;nf cjZo ePsf] 5 .
qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] Iflt / k/fhon] ;+zf]wgjfbLx? hlxn] klg leq–leq} v'zL aGg' s'g}
gf}nf] s'/f xf]Og . To;af6 g]kfnL qmflGt c5'tf] /xg] s'/f klg ePg .
s=ls/0fsf] lu/Îtf/Laf6 qmflGtnfO{ c;+ej, k/fho / Iflt dfq} b]Vg] /
cfTd;dk{0fjfbL lgZsif{ lgsfNg] s'/f ;+zf]wgjfbL ljZjb[li6sf]0f xf] . of] 36gfnfO{
lnP/ pgLx?n] ToxL sf]0faf6 qmflGtsf/L dfly eLif0f cfqmd0f ug]{ s'/f
qmflGtsf/Lx?n] sbfkL e'Ng x'b}g .
csf]{ k|ToIF cfqmd0f, if8\oGq, hfnem]n / lgd{d bdg u/]/ g}
qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ ;dfKt kfg]{ lbjf ;kgf b]Vg] k|ltudgsf/L sf]0f xf] . ;Lldt
JolQm / cfk"m eGbf afx]s csf]{ ljsNk pgLx?n] slxNo} b]Vb}gg\ .
qmflGt, kl/jt{g, cfGbf]ng cflb pgLx?n] kmfNt' / j]sf/ s'/f Pj+ x'Nofxfx?sf]
hdftn] v8f u/]sf] x+ufdf b]V5g\, hf] clxn] 1fg] zfxL / To;sf gf]s/x?n]
dfcf]jfbL hgo'4nfO{ cft+ssf/L b]Vb} cfPsf 5g\ . pgLx?n] ;]gf, ;QF /
xltof/sf] andf ;anfO{ tx nufpg ;lsg] s'/fdf k"0f{ ljZjf; /fVb5g\ .
sltnfO{ lsg]/, sltnfO{ bdg u/]/, lgd{d oftgf lbP/, sltnfO{ xTof / nfkQF kf/]/,
sltnfO{ h]ndf sf]r]/ tx nufP/} 5f8\g] s'/f eGbf csf]{ ljsNk / ;fxf/f gb]Vg]
g]kfnL k'/fgf] kmf;Li6 1fg] zfxL ;QFsf] lglDt s=ls/0f nufotsf sd/]8x?sf] ef/tLo
zf;s ju{n] ul/lbPsf] if8\oGqd"ns lu/Îtf/L cem 7"nf] g/;+xf/ ug]{ /
sg]kfnsf] k|fs[lts ;Dkbf dfly ;f}bfjfhL ug]{ b'x'gf] ufO{ ;fljt ePsf] 5 .
s=df]xg j}Bsf] lu/Îtf/L s'g} cfsl:ds 36gf geP/ ljNs'n} cd]l/sL ;fd|Fhojfb,
3/]n' k|ltlqmofjfb, ljz]iftM ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf] ldlndtf] / if8\oGq Pj+ lgs}
nfdf] u|fOg l8hfog leq ePsf] xf] . s]xL dflg;x? oxL if8\oGqsf/L
36gfqmdx?af6 zf;s ju{x?;“usf] n8fO{Dff qmflGtsf/Lx? ljho aGg sbflk ;Sb}gg\ eGg]
r's cGWof/f] k|ltufdL lgZsif{ lgsfNg] ub{5g\ . To;}n] k|ltudgsf/Lx?sf]
lglDt of] lu/Îtf/L 6fpsf] p7fpg] cg's"n df};d / cGwfx?n] xfQL 5fd] h:t}
cg'e"lt x'g] l:ylt / ;do ag]sf]5 .
Pp6f hgo'4sf] hf]bfxf sdf08/, kf6L{ leqsf] dxTjk"0f{
ljrf/s, sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] nfdf] cg'ejsf] ;jn kfq / ;f+:s[lts kN6gsf]
lgb]{zssf] lu/Îtf/Ln] cj;/jfbx?sf nflu Ifl0fs emf+lug] df}sf b]lvPsf]df xif{
ljef]/sf] æ;fu/Æ pn]{sf] 5 . of] j]nf cj;/jfbLx?n] h'g xltof/ cfÎgf] xftdf
lnbf kmfObfsf] lx;fa lstfa lg:sG5 ToxL xltof/ p7fP/ qmflGts/Lx? Dfly k|xf/ ug]{
ub{5g\ . qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] alnbfgnfO{ Iflt ePsf] dffq} b]Vg] To; alnbfg
leqsf] dxfg pknAwL gb]Vg] / lgZsif{df cfGbf]ngnfO{ ljho;Dd k'¥ofpg ;Sg] s'/fdf
k"0f{ cljZJff; k}bf eO{ nf;sf] ?kdf kl/0ft x'g] cj;/jfbL b[li6sf]0f
xf] . ca vtd\ eof], ;lsof] / ;+ej 5}g h:tf b[li6sf]0fn] lbdfuL af]em a9\g]
/ cGttM clg0f{osf] aGbL x'b} knfog lt/ k'Ug] vt/f k|an x'g] cj;/jfbLx?sf]
ljz]iftf xf] . of] k|j[lQn] s'g} klg 36gfsf] jf:tljs cfGtl/s ;f/ eGbf klg
?Kf kIfdf a9L hf]8lbg] ub{5 . h;n] h;/L JofVof u¥of] To;nfO{ To;/L g}
a'‰g] / k|efljt x'g] cj;/jfbLx?sf] csf]{ k|j[lQ x'G5 . emg} xfd|F] h:tf]
dWodfuL{x?sf] afx'Notf ePsf] d'n'sdf of] k|j[lQn] ;b}j b'Mv lbb} cfPsf]
5 .
hxf“;Dd qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] 36gf qmdsf ljz]iftfx?nfO{ x]g]{
b[li6sf]0f 5 Tof] ef}ltsjfbL 4Gbjfbdf cfwfl/t x'G5 . qmflGtsf/Lx?n] j:t'
36gfqmdnfO{ b'j}kf6f]af6 gfKg] ub{5 / hlt;'s} ;fgf] jf lemNsf] dfq lsg gxf];
pHofnf]sf] ;f/ j:t'nfO{g} bx|F];“u ks8\b} / To;sf] u'0f / dfqfnfO{ ljsf;
ug]{lt/ p;sf] hf]8 x'G5 eg] Iflt ePsf 36gfx?af6 kf7 l;Sb} eljZodf gbf]xf]¥ofpg]
p;sf] k|ltj4tf x'g] ub{5 . s=ls/0fsf] lu/Îtf/L klg oxL k[YjLd} 36\g]
36gfx? eGbf k[ys 5}gg . jxf“sf] lu/Îtf/LnfO{ l7s 9+un] ga'“bf tL k||j[lQ
df}nfpg] / af}nfpg] ug{ ;Sb5g\ . lgZro klg cfGbf]ngdf jxf“sf] k|ToIf
g]t[Tjsf] cefj lgs} nfdf] ;do;Dd kf6L{df v8\ls/xg] s'/fdf ljjfb} 5}g t/ ck|ToIF
g]t[Tj xfdL ;b}j kfO/xg]5f}+ . jxf“sf] lu/Îtf/Ln] xfd|f] cfGbf]ngdf lgs}
7"nf] Iflt t eof] g} km]/L jxf“sf] alnbfgn] pknAwLx? klg rfgr'g ePsf
5}gg\ . xfdL qmflGtsf/Lx? s'g} klg j]nf b'Zdgsf] xftaf6 xTof x'g], ckx/0f
x'g], nfkQF kfl/g] s'/f clgjfo{ 5 eGg] /fd|};“u cfTd;fy ub}{ cfPsf xf}+ .
km]/L Pp6} dflg; ;b}j /xL /xG5 eGg] klg xf]Og . s=:6flngn] eGg'eP h:t}
æg]tfx? cfpg] hfg] eO/xG5 . t/klg hgtf xd]zf /lx/xG5g\ . hgtfg} cd/
/xG5g\Æ eGg] dd{nfO{ xfd|F] kf6L{n] /fd|};“u a'em]sf] 5 . cf7jif{sf]
hgo'4sf] ljsf;df ;of}+ g]tf / sdf08/x? Pj+ xhf/f}+ sfo{stf{ / hgtfx? zxfbt
x'g], 3fOt] x'g], h]n kg]{, nfkQf kg]{ eO/x]sf] 5 . cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf;sf]
pRrtf;“u} Iflt / alnbfg klg ToxL :t/df x'g] ub{5 . oxL alnbfgsf] pRrtfn]
g} cfh dfcf]jfbL hgo'4n] /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] of] pTsif{df ljsf; u/]sf]
xf] . To;}n] o;nfO{ k[YjLdf 3l6/xg] 36gf dWo]sf] Pp6f 36gfsf] ?kdf lng'
kb{5 . csf]{ s'/f o;n] xfdL qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ ;d]t b]z leq eGbf aflx/ lgs}
;'/lIft /lxG5 eGg] Pp6f e|d lyof] Tof] /fd|F];“u ;fkm ePsf] 5 . cflv/
qmflGtsf/Lx?sf b'Zdgx? x/]s s'gfdf x'g] ub{5g\ . dfc]fjbLsf] g]t[Tjn]
sfo{stf{nfO{ prfn]/ xf]ldg / dg{ nufp5g\ cfkm"x? ljb]zdf uP/ ;'/lIft ePsf
5g\ eGg] b'Zdgx?n] e|d l;h{gf ug]{ u/]sf lyP Tof] Jojxfl/s ?kdf g} unt ;fljt
ePsf] 5 . hgd'lQm Pj+ /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] uGw klg ;fd|FHojfb / To;sf
kfNt' bnfnx?n] dg k/fpb}g eGg] s'/f of] 36\gfn] /fd|};“u k'li6 u/]sf] 5 .
ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbn] g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtsf] d'lQm cFGbf]ngdfly hlxn] klg if8\oGq /
hfnem]n ub}{ cfO/x]sf] of] s]jn kl5Nnf] s"lst]{sf] k/fsfi6 xf] .
o;sf] dd{df ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf] ljsf; k|ult / pGgtL b]Vg
sbflk rfxGg / ;x\o klg 5}g eGg] s'/fsf] yk k'li6 ePsf] 5 . b]z ;+s6df
k/]sf] j]nf l5d]sLsf] Pp6f e"ldsf lgjf{xf ug'{ eGbf klg k|fs[lts >f]t
;fwg dfly unt ;f}bfjfhL ug]{ df}sfsf] ?kdf lnb} cfPsf] ef/tLo zf;s ju{n] of]
36gfnfO{ klg ToxL kmfObfsf] ?kdf pkof]u ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .
+@))&–)#^–)$& ;fn cflb ;dodf ePsf ;lGw ;Demf}tf To;sf ;a'tx? x'g .
s=df]xg j}B nufotsf g]tf sfo{stf{sf] lu/Îtf/L / ;'k'b{uL u/]/ ef/tn] g]kfnL
zf;s;“u g]kfnnfO{ c? hf]lvddf kfg]{ vfNsf vt/gfs ;lGw ;Demf}tf ug]{ s'/fdf s'g}
ljjfb 5}g . b]zLo kmf;LjfbL 1fg] zfxL g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtf lj?4 h:tf];'s}
;lGw ;Demf}tf u/]/ eP klg k'/fgf] cfÎgf] ;QfnfO{ l6sfpg kl5 gkg]{ s'/f lglj{jfb
5 . ToxL lgotn] u/]sf] s=df]xg j}Bsf] lu/Îtf/LnfO{ ef/tn] e/k'/ pkof]u
ug]{ s'/f g]kfnL hgtfn] e'Ng' x'b}g . jxf“sf] lu/Îtf/LnfO{ h;n] ;}bfjfhL /
dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf] ;dfwfg b]v]sf 5g\ Tof] ;f]x|} cfgf unt 5 .
hxf“;Dd o;}u/L cGo
g]tf / sfo{stfx?sf] lu/Îtf/L, xTof / nfkQF agfP/ dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng l;Wofpg]
s'/f 5 of] ljNs'n} c;+ej 5 . g]kfnL hgo'4nfO{ b'Zdgx?n] h;/L ;lhn}
lgdf]7\g] ld7f] ;kgf b]lv/x]sf 5g\ ;fob ?;, rLg / leotgfdsf jfbzfxx?n] klg o:t}
b]v]sf lyP xf]nfg . Tof] lbjf ;kgf k'/f gePsf] s'/f Oltxf; ;fIfL 5 . lgZrog}
g]kfn ;fgf] d'n's, k|fljlws >f]t ;fwgn] sdhf]/ xf]nf t/ ;xL ljrf/ /fhgLlt /
gLltsf] lx;fan] dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 ljut Oltxf;sf] t'ngfdf s}of}+ u'0ff zlQmzfln
aGb} cfPsf] 5 . @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] k|j]z;“u} ;aeGbf cuf8L a9]sf] dfcf]jfbL
cfGbf]ng / To;sf] k|ltlglwsf] gftfn] Oltxf;d} xfd|f] cfGbf]ng ;an, ;'b[9,
;Dj[4LzfnL ePsf] s'/fn] xfdL uj{ ug{ nfos o'udf plePsf 5f} . h'g cg'ej,
pknlAw / sdhf]/Lsf] ;+Zn]if0f / ljZn]if0f ug]{ olt 7"nf] cj;/ Oltxf;df
ljZjsf dfgj hfltnfO{ slxNo} k|fKt ePsf] lyPg hf] f]sf] of]udf x]bf{ s=ls/0fsf]
cefjsf] tTsflng ;d:of xn ug]{ r'gf}tL xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ eP klg cfb/0fLo sd/]8
j}Bsf] lu/Îtf/Ln] ulx/f] rf]6 Joxf]g{ k/] klg jxf“sf] lu/Îtf/Lsf] xKtf gk'Ub}
wg'iffsf] ob''s'jf / Onfdsf] kz'kltgu/ h:tf zfgbf/ ;kmn sfjf{xLx? ;DkGg x'g
k'u] . jxf“sf] lu/Îtf/Lsf] 36gfaf6 s;}df klg ljrng / knfogtfsf] uGw
b]lvPsf] 5}g . j? ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf] nHhf:kb s"s[Ton] g]kfnL hgtfsf]
d'6'df ulx/f] rf]6 xfg]/ lr8\ofPsf] 5
eg] ljZj ;d'bfox?df cfqmf]z / 3[0ffsf Hjfnf bGsfOlbPsf] 5 . cfh
ljZj:/tdf lgbf]{if s=df]xg j}Bsf] hLjg /Iff / l/xfO{sf] nflu ePsf kxn /
k|oTgx?n] ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbnfO{ eo+s/ 7"nf] bjfj kl//x]sf] 5 . s=df]xg
j}Bsf] lu/Îtf/L s'g} cfsl:ds 36gf geP/
if8\oGqk"0f{ ?kdf ePsf] xf] eGg] kf]n v'Nb} uPkl5 o;n] lgZrog}
g]kfnL hgtf, ef/tLo hgtf / ljZjsf d'lQmsfdL hg;d'bfox?sf] zf;s ju{k|ltsf] ?v
c;fWo} gsf/fTds ePsf] s'/f 7f“p 7f“pdf ePsf :j:km"t{ em8k, sfo{qmd, h'n';
/ ;]jf]6]hsf 36gfx?n] ef/tnfO{ /fd|};“u lzIff ldn]sf] x'g'k5{ . olb
s=df]xg j}B nufotsf ef/tdf ckx/0fdf k/]sf sd/]8x?nfO{ l56f] l/xfO{ gu/L 1fg]
zfxLnfO{ ;'k'b{uL ug]{ r]i6f u¥of] eg] To;sf] k|ltlqmof ef/tsf] nflu ljZj
:t/af6} lgs} rsf]{ kg]{ s'/f :jt b]lvPsf]5 . o;n] g]kfndf pbfpbf] gof“
u0ftGq;“u ue{d} cd}qLk"0f{ ;DaGwsf] ljsf; x'g] :jt 5 / ef/tk|ltsf] g]kfnL
hgtf / ;+;f/n] x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf Oltxf;d} jbnfefj cfpg] 5 . jxf“ nufotsf
ef/tn] lu/Îtf/ u/]sf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?n] cGt/fli6«o rrf{ ;Ddfg dfq} kfPsf]
xf]Og kf6L{ cWoIF s=k|r08sf] g]t[Tj / dxfg hgo'4sf] cfjZostfnfO{ ljZj :t/df yk
:yflkt ug{ jxf“x? ;kmn x'g'ePsf] 5 . of] ;kmntf xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ;fd"lxs g]t[Tj, JolQmut lhDd]jf/L,
g]t[Tjsf] nfdaGbL, Ps;]Ps pQ/flwsf/Lsf] lgdf{0f ug{ kf6L{n] nufPsf] hf]8,
lg:jfy{ b]z / hgtsf] ;jf]{Qd lxt,
g]t[Tjsf] pRr s]lGb|s/0f Pj+ hgtf / sfo{stf{;“usf] alnof] cGt/;DaGw, xfd|F]
kf6L{sf] ah|kft Pstf agfO{ /fVg] gof“ k/Dk/f / bdg, xTof, ckx/0f / nfkQF agfP/
slxNof} gl;l4g] j}1flgs ljrf/ / ljlw k|r08kysf] gof“ ljz]iftf / dfGotfsf]
kl/0ffd xf] .
o;/L of] 36gfn] xfd|f] kf6L{, hgo\'4, g]kfnL hgtf / ljZj
hg;d'bfonfO{ ulx/f] :tJwtfdf t 8'jfPsf] 5 g} km]/L klg dxfg Pj+ uf}/jzfnL
kf6L{, dxfg hgo'4 / g]kfnL hgtfn] ljZj hg;d'bfosf] ToxL k}dfgdf ulx/f] Gofgf]
dfof, ;Ddfg / ;b\efj kfPsf]] 5 . of] cgdf]n ;Ddfg / ;b\efj xfdL g]kfnL
hgtfn] slxNo} e'Ng] 5}gf}+ . o;n] xfd|f] b'Zdgk|lt n8\g] tfutnfO{ sof}+
u'0ff a9fOlbPsf] dfq} xf]Og cd]l/sL ;fd|Fhojfb, ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb / kmf;LjfbL
1fg] zfxLsf] k/fhonfO{ emg} lgs6 t'NofOlbPsf] / d[To';}Yofdf lbg ulGtul//x]sf]
cy{df a'em]sf 5f}+ . To;}n] b'Zdgsf] Ifl0fs xf“;f] / v'zLsf] s'g} cy{ /xg]
5}g . To;nfO{ Pslbg g]kfnL hgtfn] ;aeGbf b'Mvb kl/l:yltdf kl/0ft u/fO{lbg]
s'/fdf clnslt klg z+sf 5}g .
jxf“sf] lu/Îtf/LnfO{ s'g} ;fdfGo lu/f]x, ck/fwL jf cft+ssf/L
h:tf] ef/tLo zf;sf ju{n] 7fg]sf] lyof], Tof] ;j'bsf] cfwf/ p;“u 5}g . j?
jxf“ t k"j{ l6:6f gbLdf t/jf/ w'g] k'vf{x?sf] ;Rrf pQ/flwsf/L
x'g'x'G5 . c+u|]hx?nfO{ ;f; g jf; agfpb} n3fg]{ jL/tfsf] Oltxf;sf] ;Rrf
lxdfotL x'g'x'G5 . vKkfx?;“u k}7]hf]/L v]n]/ dft[e"ldsf] /Iffsf] nflu
sl7g eGbf sl7g l:yltsf] ;fdgf ug]{ jL/–jL/fª\ugfx?sf] Wjhfjfxs Pp6f ;'of]Uo
of]4f x'g'x'G5 . jxf“ b'O{ jif{b]lv lzlnu'8L a;]sf] eg]/ ef/tLo ;/sf/n]
3f]if0ff ul//x]sf] 5 . Tof] cjlwdf jxf“n] klZrd auf+ndf sltj6f ef/t
;/sf/nfO{ cf3ft k'Ug] sfo{ ug'{eof] < ef/tLo ;QFsf] lj?4 s'g rflx /fHo
ljKnjsf] ug]{ ;fhL; /Rg'eof] < s'g} k|df0f ef/tLo ;/sf/;“u 5 < j? ef/tLo
;/sf/n] s] Vofn ug{ h?/L 5 eg] jxf“n] rfx]sf] / kf6L{sf] To;f]
ug]{ of]hgf / gLlt ePsf] eP jxf“n]
y'k|} pTkft dRrfpg ;Sg'x'GYof] . ef/tLo d"nsf g]kfnLnfO{ ;d]6]/ hgo'4
;'? ug{ ;Sg'x'GYof] . sfdsf lglDt ef/tdf /x]sf &) nfv g]kfnL
hgtfx?nfO{ ljb|f]xdf ptfg]{ Ifdtf xfd|F] kf6L{;“u ePsf] s'/f s;}n] la;{g
x'b}g . Toltdfq} xf]Og g]kfndf ePsf ef/tLox?;“u rfx]df g/fd|F] Jojxf/ ug{
g;lsg] s'/f 5}g . t/ g]kfnL hgtf / xfd|F] dxfg Pj+ u}/jzfnL kf6L{nfO{
To;f] ug{ sbflk ;f]ef lbGg . xfdL ljZj hg;d'bfosf] Pstf rfxg] cGt/f{i6«jfbL
dfgjx? xf}+ . ;'Gb/ / gof“;QFsf] pQ/flwsf/Lsf] csf]{ ljsNk gePsf] xfd|F]
kf6L{n] ue{d} l5d]sL d'n'sf hgtfx?;“u lr;f]kg cfpg] vfnsf] Jojxf/ ug{ xfdL
rfxfb}gf}+ . hxf“;Dd ef/tLo hgtf,
Toxf“sf] ljb|f]x / Toxf“sf kf6L{x?;“usf] ;DaGw 5, xfd|F] kf6L{ / ;jf]{Rr sdf08/
s=k|r08n] plgx?;u+ xfd|f] ;}4flGts, j}rfl/s, /fhg}lts ;DaGw dfq} xf] To;nfO{
cGoyf g7fGbf x'G5 eGb} cfpg'ePsf] 5 . ef/tsf] ljb|f]x / d'lQm g]kfnL
dfcf]jfbLn] rfx]/ x'g] grfx]/ gx'g] ljifo sbflk xf]Og . Tof] t Toxf“sf
dxfg hgtf, ljb|f]x ug]{ kf6L{ / ToxLsf] ;QFsf] /j}ofdf e/ kg]{ s'/f xf] .
g]kfnL dfcf]jfbL hg;]gf ef/tdf uP/ tyf ef/tLo ljb|f]xLx? g]kfndf uP/ u8a8L
dRrfO/x]sf 5g\ eGg] h:tf xfjf / xNnfx? klg grn]sf xf]Ogg\ . To;df s'g}
;Totf 5}g . tL aRrfn] klg gkTofpg]' vfnsf s'/fx? x'g . Tof] l:yltsf]
hGd lbg] s'/f t ef/tLo zf;s ju{sf] /j}ofd} e/kg]{ s'/f xf] . xfd|f]
kf6L{n] klg cgfjZos b'ZdgL / emd]nf p7fP/ kmfObf x'Gg eGg]s'/f Go"gtd
a'em]sf] 5 . j? oL o:tf :Jfk|dfl0ft ;jfnnfO{ lnP/ l5d]sL d'n'sx? ;z+sLt /
cft+sLt aGg' cfkm}n] u/]sf ck/fw s} pkh lzjfo c? s]xL xf]Og . s'/f olt xf]
xfd|F] ?v s; k|lt s:tf] /xg] eGg] s'/f xfdL k|lt s;n] s:tf] /j}of ckgfO{ /x]sf
5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] j:t'ut oyfy{n] lgwf{/0f ug]{ s'/fx? x'g . ef/tLo ;QFn]
g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtf lj?4 ;b}j unt ;lGw ;Demf}tf u/]/ x]Kb} / gsf/fTds k|efj
kfb}{ cfPsf] 5 . of] Oltxf; l;4 s'/f xf] . gsf/fTds k|efjsf] eflubf/
ef/tLo zf;s ju{ dfq geP/ g]kfn / g]kfnLnfO{ l;lSsd agfpg kl5 gkg]{ g]kfnL
n]G8'k / nfl5 zf;s ju{klg sd lhDd]jf/ 5}gg\ h;sf lj?4 g]kfnL hgtfn] eLif0f o'4
5]l8;s]sf 5g\ . ef/tLo zf;s ju{ / g]kfnL hgtsf aLrdf s}of}+ P]ltxfl;s sfn
b]lvsf ljjfbx? /xb} cfPsf 5g\ h;nfO{ ljZj hg;d'bfosf] /f]xj/df a;]/
d}qLk"0f{ gof“ 9+un] xn ug{ g]kfnL hgtfn] rfx]sf 5g\ . ef/tLo zf;s
ju{n] g]kfnL hgtfsf] xflb{stfnfO{
sdhf]/L 7fGb} cfPsf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtf / dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] olt w]/} ;+odtf / w}o{tf b'lgofsf ;fd" 3fd hlQs}
5n{ª\u x'bf x'b} klg ef/tLo zf;s ju{n] g]kfnL jL/x? led;]g yfkf, elQm yfkf,
aneb| s'“j/sf ;Rrf ;Gtfgx? s=rGb|k|sfz uh'/]n, s=dft[sf k|;fb ofbj, s=;'/]z
cfn] du/, s=df]xg j}B h:tf g]tf / sfo{stf{x?nfO{ ljgfsf/0f ckx/0f ug]{,
;'k'b{uL ug]{, cgfjZos b'Zk|rf/ ug]{ s'/f g]kfnL hgtf, ljZj hg;d'bfo / ef/tLo
hgtfnfO{ /lQklg :jLsfo{ x'g] s'/f xf]Og . jxf“x?sf] lu/Îtf/Ln] hGdfPsf]
cfqmf]zaf6 36]sf :jtMkm't{ Psfw 36gfnfO{ lnP/ cfÎgf] ck/fw 5f]Kg ltnnfO{ tf8
agfpg] /j}ofn] dfcf]jfbL hgo'4nfO{ sbflk sdhf]/ agfpg ;lsb}g . j? ljZj
hg;d'bfo ;fd' ef/tLo zf;sju{g} gfËf]] ePsf]5 . of] kl5NNff] s=ls/0fsf]
lu/Îtf/Ln] g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;xg ug]{ IfdtfnfO{ clGtd xb;Dd k'¥ofPsf]
cg'e"lt ljZj hg;d'bfox?nfO{ ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtfn] s;}k|lt gsf/fTds
/j}of cKgfpg hfg]sf] 5}gg\ . cgfjZos gsf/fTds /j}of ckgfpg]x? k|lt s:tf]
Jojxf/ ug'{ kb{5 eGg] s'/f g]]kfnLx?nfO{ /fd}|;“u yfxf 5 / Oltxf; klg ;fIfL 5 . dxfg cleofg af]s]/ ;u/dfyfsf]
sfvaf6 lgl:sPsf] gof“ ljZjsf] zflGtsf] dxfg ofqfnfO{ /f]Sg] s'r]i6f xf]Og
Psfsf/ aGg] ;lbIff /fvf}+ . g]kfnL hgtfsf] pbfpbf] gof“;QF k|lt z+sf
pkz++sf / ;DaGwnfO{ hGdsfn b]lv g} lr;f] agfpg] cgcfjZos sf]lzz gu/f}+ .
o;n] s;}nfO{ kmfObf k'¥ofpg] 5}g .
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