b:tfj]h
dxfg
;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts qmflGt lhGbfjfb π
-xf]ª\sL Hongqui_
–/ftf] em08fsf] ;DkfbsLo, c+s *,
!(^^
sd/]8
dfcf]T;]t'ª / lrlgof“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] g]t[Tjdf dxfg\
hg;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt (greatmass proletarian
cultural revolution) Oltxf;d} Pp6f lxdklx/f] (Avalanche) sf] ck|lt/f]Wo (irresistible)
zlQm;“u} b'|t ultdf (Swiftly) / hf]8bf/ lsl;dn] clåtLo ?kdf cl3 al9/x]sf] 5 .
dfcf]T;]t'ª
ljrf/sf] dxfg\ /ftf] em08fnfO{ dfly p7fp“b}, dhb'/x?sf ;d"xx? s[ifsx?,
hgl;kfxLx?, qmflGtsf/L sfo{stf{x? / qmflGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?n] a'h'{cfsf k|ltlglw,
h;n] kf6L{leq ltgLx?sf] af6f]nfO{ ;'?ª agfP/ vf]n]sf 5g\, tL ;a} k|sf/sf
/fIf;x? / kltt a'h'{cf tyf ;fdGtL ljrf/wf/fsf ;a} :j?kx?nfO{ a9fl//x]sf
5g\ . /fhg}lts, j}rfl/s tyf ;f+:s[lts df]rf{x?df ce"tk"j{ ?kdf
Pp6f cg's"n kl/l:yltsf] hGd ePsf] 5 .
of]
Pp6f Psbd} tLa| (Acute) /
h6Ln ju{ ;ª\3if{ xf]– ;j{xf/f s] xf]
eGg] s'/fnfO{ kfng / ljsf; ug{ tyf pkl/;+/rgfdf a'h'{cf s] xf] eGg] s'/fnfO{
pGd"ng ug{ ljrf/wf/fsf] IF]q (Realm) df a'h'{cf ju{sf] k'“hLjfb k'g:yf{kgfsf]
k|of; / ;j{xf/fsf] o;nfO{ /f]Sg] ;ª\sNksf] aLrdf hLjg–d/0f (Life and death) sf]
;ª\3if{ . o; ;ª\3if{{n] xfd|f] b]zdf ;j{xf/fsf] clwgfosTj / ;dfhjfbsf]
cfly{s / cfwf/nfO{ xfd|f] b]zdf ;'b[9 ug{ / ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 ls ;lsb}g eGg] k|ZgnfO{ k|efj kf5{ / ;fy}
xfd|f] kf6L{ / b]zn] /ª\ kl/jt{g unf{ ls gunf{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;d]t k|efj
kf5{ . o;n] xfd|f] kf6L{ tyf
b]zsf] efUo / eljionfO{ k|efj kf5{ ;fy;fy} ljZj qmflGtsf] efUo / eljionfO{
k|efj kf5{ . of] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ 5 ls o; ;ª\3if{{nfO{ xNsf 9ª\un]
lnOg' x'“b}g .
;j{xf/f
;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf] zª\v3f]if ul/Og'k5{ eGg] s'/f clgjfo{ lsg 5 < lsg of]
qmflGt Tolt dxTjk"0f{ 5 t <
sd/]8
dfcf]T;]t'ªn] ;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTjsf] cGt//fli6«o P]ltxfl;s cg'ejx?sf]
j}1flgs ;+Zn]if0f ug'{ ePsf] 5 / ;dfhjfbL ;dfhdf cGt/lj/f]wsf] ju{x? / ju{
;ª\3if{{sf] l;4fGtnfO{ k|ltkflbt (Put forward) ug'{ePsf] 5 . pxf“n]
xfdLx?nfO{ ju{ ;ª\3if{{nfO{ slxNo} gla;{, /fhgLltnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg slxNo}
gla;{,;j{xf/fsf] clwgfosTjnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ slxNo} gla;{ eg]/ af/Daf/ (Constantly)
;Demfpg' ePsf] 5 / xfdLx?n] g]t[Tjsf] ;+zf]wgjfbL sAhf / k'“hLjfbL
k'g:yfk{gfnfO{ /f]Sg k|To]s dfkb08 ckgfpg} k5{ . pxf“n] cf}+Nofpg' x'G5 ls
/fhg}lts ;Qfsf] tVtf pN6\ofpg (Over throw) hgdt tof/ kfg{sf] nflu pkl/;+/rgf (Super structures) /
ljrf/wf/fdfly ks8 hdfpg] k|of;x?n] clgjfo{ ?kdf e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] / of]
qmflGtsf/Lx? / k|ltqmflGtsf/L ju{x? b'j}sf] nflu plQs} ;To xf] . o;
cfwf/e"t yfngLsf] ljGb'af6 cu|;/ eP/ (Proceeding) sd/]8 dfcf]T;]t'ªn] xfdLx?nfO{
>dhLjL s] xf] eg]/ ;De/0f ug{ / a'h'{cf s] xf] eg]/ pGd"ng ug{ j}rfl/s
IF]qdf ju{ ;ª\3if{{sf] yfngL ug{ eGg' ePsf] 5 .
o;}df
g} Pp6f dxfg\ ;To 5, dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf] dxfg\ ljsf; 5 . Oltxf;n] b]vfp“5
ls a'h'{cfn] klxn] ljrf/dfly ks8 hdfP / ;fdGtL hdLGbf/ ju{af6 /fhg}lts zflQm
vf]:g' eGbf cufl8 hgdt tof/ u/] . æk'ghf{u/0fÆ (Renaissance) sf]
cjlwb]lv ;'? u/]/ o'/f]kLo a'h'{cfx?n] nuftf/ ?kdf (Persistently) ;fdGtL
ljrf/wf/fnfO{ cfnf]rgf u/]/ a'h'{cf ljrf/wf/fnfO{ k|rf/ ul//x] . of]
!&cf}+ / !*cf+} ztfAbLdf lyof], hgdt tof/Lsf] ;of}+ jif{kl5, a'h'{cfn]
/fhg}lts ;Qf sAhf u/] / o'/f]kLo b]zx?df Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ o;sf] clwgfosTjnfO{
:yflkt u/] .
dfS;{
/ Pª\u]N;n] ;fDojfbsf] l;4fGtx?sf] k|rf/ Ps ztfAbL eGbf cl3af6 z'?
ug'{eof] . ;j{xf/fåf/f /fhg}lts ;Qf sAhfsf] nflu hgdt tof/ ug{sf] nflu
pxf“x?n] To;f] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ?;L ;j{xf/f qmflGt hgdt tof/Lsf] bzsf}+
kl5 dfq /fhg}lts ;Qf sAhfsf] r/dljGb'df k'u]sf] lyof] . xfd|f] cfºgf]
cg'ej xfd|f] lbdfux?df klg tfh} 5 . ha lrlgof“ ;j{xf/f /fhg}lts kbf{df
b]lvg z'? u¥of], To;a]nf of] sdhf]/ / lgz:q lyof] . qmflGt s;/L z'? ug'{ k/]sf]
lyof] t < of] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf] k|rf/;“u} ;fd|fHojfb / rLgdf /x]sf To;sf
bnfnx? (Lackeys) sf]
kbf{kmf; (Exposure) ub}{
z'? eof] . lrlgof“ ;j{xf/fsf] /fhg}lts ;Qf sAhfsf nflu ;ª\3if{{ t :ki6
?kdf d] $ sf] ;f+:s[lts qmflGt kl5 z'? eof] .
clGtd
ljZn]if0fdf, lrlgof“ ;j{xf/fåf/f /fhg}lts ;Qf sAhfsf] Oltxf; dfcf]T;]t'ª
ljrf/wf/fsf] dhb'/x?sf] ;d"x, ls;fgx? / l;kfxLx?sf] ;d"x dflysf] ks8 (Gripping) sf]
Oltxf; xf] . ha hg;d"xx?n] pko'Qm 9ª\uaf6 cleJoQm u5g{\– ædfcf]T;]t'ª
ljrf/ lagf, gof“ rLg aGg] g} lyPg .Æ lrlgof“ qmflGtsf] Jojxf/;“u}
dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbnfO{ Pstfj4 ub}{, sd/]8 dfcf]T;]t'ª, Ps dxfg\ qmflGtsf/L
j}holGts -g]tf /Standard-bearer) lrlgof“
qmflGtsf] ;Dk"0f{ cg'xf/ g} kl/jt{g ul/lbg' eof] . P]ltxfl;s cg'ejn]
b]vfp“5 ls dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/fn] hgtfsf] a9\bf] ;dy{g xfl;n ug{, ;z:q anx? /
aGb'sx? k|fKt ug{, Ps kl5 csf]{ ub}{ qmflGtsf/L cfwf/ Onfsf v8f ug{, c+zc+z
u/]/ /fhg}lts ;Qf vf]:g / cGTodf b]zJofkL /fhg}lts?kdf ljho k|fKtug{ ;Ifd
t'NofPsf] 5 .
/fhg}lts
;Qf sAhf ul/;s]kl5 ;j{xf/f ca zf;s ju{ ePsf] 5 / hdLGbf/ / k'“hLjfbL ju{x?
zfl;t ePsf 5g\ . hdLGbf/ ju{ / k|ltlqmofjfbL k'“hLklt zfl;t x'g jf
ltgLx?sf] nf]k (Extinction) df
slxNo} klg d]nldnfk (Reconcile) ug]{ 5}g . ltgLx?n] ;j{xf/fsf] clwgfosTjsf]
k|ltljb|f]xdfkm{t\ k'g:yf{kgfsf] ;kgf lg/Gt/ b]lv/x]sf 5g tfls Psk6s km]l/
>dhLjL hgtfsf] 9f8dfly r9\g ;s"g\ . ltgLx?;“u cem} klg 7"nf]
an (Strength)
5 . ltgLx?;“u k};f 5, Jofks km}lnPsf] ;fdflhs ;DaGwx? / cGt//fli6«o
;Dks{x? 5g\ ;fy} k|ltqmflGtsf cg'ejx? 5g\ . ljlzi6df, zf]ifs ju{sf]
ljrf/wf/f;“u cem} w]/} 7"nf] ahf/ 5 . qmflGtsf/L kª\lQmleqsf cl:y/
tTjx? (Unsteady
elements) of] ljrf/wf/f;“u} e|i6Ls/0f x'“b} cwf]ultlt/ hfG5g\ /
k|ltqmflGtsf/Lx? aGb5g\ . o; cltl/Qm, lgDg k'“hLklt ju{sf] cla/n k|efjn]
k'“hLjfbnfO{ lg/Gt/ hGd lbG5 . /fhg}lts ;Qf sAhf u/]kl5 klg ;j{xf/fn]
cem}+ ;Qf u'Dg] vt/fsf] d'sfjnf ul//xG5 . ;dfhjfbL ;Qf :yfkgf eO;s]kl5 klg
o;n] cem} k“'hLjfbL k'g:yf{kgfsf] vt/fsf] ;fdgf ug'{ kl//xG5 . o;
uDeL/tfk|lt Wofg lbg c;kmn ePkl5 / cfjZos sbdx? aGb ePkl5 xfd|f] kf6L{ / xfd|f]
b]zn] /ª abNg] 5 / bzf}+ nfv dflg;x?nfO{ cfºgf hLjg u'dfpg] cj:yfdf k'¥ofpg]
5 .
k'“hLjfbL
/ ;fdGtL ljrf/wf/fx? g} tVtf kN6fOPsf hdLGbf/ / k“"hLjfbL ju{x?sf] ;a}eGbf
a9L dxTjk"0f{ ks8x? (Strongholds) x'g\, h;af6 ;dfhjfbL ?kfGt/0f kl5sf] pTkfbgsf
;fwgx?dflysf] :jfldTj k|efljt ePsf] 5 . k'g:yf{kgfdf ltgLx?sf] k|of;x?
;j{k|yd ljrf/wf/fdf ks8 hdfpg] / hgtfx?nfO{ 5Ngsf] nflu x/;Dej af6fx?df
ltgLx?sf] kltt ljrf/x?sf] k|of]u ug'{df lgb]{lzt x'G5 . ljrf/wf/fdfly sAhf
/ ;f] cg'?ksf] ;f“rf]df hgdtnfO{ 9fNg] a'h'{cfsf] ;j{xf/f juL{o clwgfosTj
lj?4sf] ljb|f]xsf] nflu tof/Lx? x'g\ . /, ha cj;/ kl/kSj (Ripe) x'G5, To;kl5 ltgLx?n] /fhg}lts
;Qf s"sf] nflu Pp6f jf csf]{ tl/sfsf] d~rg (Stage) ug]{
5g\ .
pTkfbgsf]
;dfhjfbL ;DaGwx? :yflkt eO;s]kl5 klg ;f]leot ;ª\3n] ;do d} ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts
qmflGt ;~rfng ug{ c;kmn eof] .
a'h'{cf ljrf/wf/f k|jn x“b} uof] (ran rife) hgtfsf lbdfux? e|i6Ls/0f ub}{
uof] / pTkfbgsf] ;dfhjfbL ;DaGwx?nfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L clt;"Id ?kdf (most Imperceptibly) Iflt
k'¥ofp“b} (Undermining)
uof] . :6flngsf] d[To'kl5 t emg\ v'|Zrf]jL ;+zf]wgjfbL u'6åf/f hgdtnfO{
cem a9L v'Nnf (Blatant)
k|ltqmflGtsf/L
;f“rf]df 9flnof] / To;kl5 u'6n] l5§} o;sf] æb/jf/Æ (Palace) s"
sf] d~rg u¥of]– ;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTjnfO{ pN6\ofpg– (Subvert) /
kf6L{, ;]gf tyf ;/sf/sf] zlQm xTofof] .
;g\
!(%^ df xª\u]l/ofO{ k|ltqmflGtsf] 36gfdf Toxf“sf k|ltqmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ klg
hgtfx?nfO{ ;8sx?df ptf/]/ afwfJojwfgx? ;[hgf ug{ / x'nb¨f ug'{eGbf cl3 hgdt
tof/ u/]sf lyP . of] k|ltqmflGt 36gf ;fd|fHojfbåf/f to ul/Psf] (Engineered) lyof] /
o;sf] z'?cft k]6f]kmL Snj (Petofi Club) sf sDo'lgi6 lj/f]wL a'l4hLjLx?sf] u"6åf/f
ul/Psf] lyof] . 8d]| g]uL (Imre Nagy), h;n] To;a]nf;Dd sDo'lgi6sf] Jofh (Badge)
em'08\ofPsf] lyof] æ;Qf cf/f]x0fÆ (“Mounted the throne”)
u¥of]
/ k|ltqmflGtsf/Lx?sf] d'lvof (Chieftain) aGof] .
;j{xf/fsf]
clwgfosTjsf] cGt/f{li6«o cg'ejn] b]vfp“5 ls of] clwgfosTjnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ ;lsb}g
g t ;dfhjfbL ;QfnfO{ g} ;'b[9 ug{ ;lsG5, ha;Dd ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtnfO{
;~rfng ul/b}g / a'h'{cf ljrf/nfO{ pGd"ng ug{ b[9 k|oTgx? (Persistent Efforts) lgdF{0f
ul/O+b}gg\ . lagf /f]s6f]s a'h'{cf ljrf/sf] k|;f/n] clgjfo{tM ;j{xf/fsf]
clwgfosTjnfO{ pN6\ofpg]]lt/ 8f]¥ofp“5, / v'|Zrf]e h:tf a'h'{cf k|ltlglwx?sf]
hGd lbG5, h;n] …b/jf/Ú (‘Palace') s" (Coup) cyjf ;}Go s" cyjf oL b'a}sf] of]u dfkm{t\
/fhg}lts ;Qf xTofpg] 5 . olb ;j{xf/f juL{o clwgfoTjnfO{ ;'b[9 ul/lbg' 5
eg], olb ;j{xf/f juL{o clwgfosTj cGt/ut b]z ;dfhjfb / ;fDojfbsf] lbzflt/ cl3
a9\g' 5 eg] ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt clgjfo{ 5, ;j{xf/f ljrf/wf/fnfO{ ljsl;t
ul/Og} k5{ / a'h'{cf ljrf/wf/fnfO{ pGd"ng ul/Og} k5{, ;+zf]wgjfbsf j}rfl/s
h/fx? k"0f{tM pv]lng' (pulled out) k5{ / dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL / dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/sf
h/fx? plrt lsl;dn] /f]lkOg' kb{5 .
;dfhjfbL
qmflGt / ;dfhjfbL lgdf{0fn] sfdsf w]/} If]qdf ;jn k|oTgx? (Energetic efforts) sf] dfu
u/]sf] 5 . oL sfo{x?af6 cl3 a9\bf, Toxf“ nfn sfo{lbzf (Red line)
x'g}k5{, hf] c? s]xL rLh geP/ ;j{xf/f / a'h'{cf aLrsf] ju{ ;ª\3if{{ xf],
;dfhjfbL af6f] / k'“hLjfbL af6f]aLrsf] ;ª\3if{{ xf] / j}rfl/s IF]qdf ;j{xf/f /
a'h'{cf aLrdf ju{ ;ª\3if{{ xf] .
sd/]8
dfcf]T;]t'ªn] xfdLx?nfO{ l;sfpg' x'G5 M
;j{xf/f
/ a'h'{cf aLrsf] ju{ ;ª\3if{{, ljleGg /fhg}lts zlQmx?sf] aLrsf] ju{ ;ª\3if{{ /
ljrf/wf/fTds If]qdf ;j{xf/f / a'h'{cf aLrsf] ju{ ;ª\3if{{ nfdf] ;do;Dd lg/Gt/
rln/xg]5 / af¨f]l6¨f] (Tortous) x'g]5 / ;do–;dodf w]/} tLa| (Acute) klg
aGg] 5 . ;j{xf/f ju{n] cfºg} ljZj b[li6sf]0f cg';f/ ;+;f/nfO{ ?kfGt/0f ug{
vf]H5 / To:t} u/L a'h'{cf ju{n] klg vf]H5 . o; ;DaGw (Respect) df
;dfhjfb cyjf k'“hLjfb s;n] lhTnf t eGg] k|Zg cem} jf:tjdf lglZrt eO;s]sf] 5}g
-hgtfx?dfem /x]sf cGt/lj/f]wx?sf] ;xL ;~rfngaf/]_ .
;j{xf/f
;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] p2]Zo j}rfl/s IF]qdf ;j{xf/f / a'h'{cf aLrdf æs;n] lhTnf tÆ
(“Who will win”) eGg]
k|Zgsf] xn ug'{ xf] . of] Pp6f bL3{sfnLg / s7Lg P]ltxfl;s sfo{ xf], h'g
sfdsf x/]s If]qx?df /xG5 .
s]xL
sd/]8x?n] oL ljjfbx?nfO{ 5fkfdf ;j{xf/f / k|ltlqmofjfbL a'h'{cfaLrsf] lzlIft
dfG5]x?sf] æt'R5 (trivial), sfuhL
jfbljjfbÆ sf] ?kdf lng'x'G5 . pxf“x?sf] sfddf cfOkbf{ klg s]xL sd/]8x?
j}rfl/s tyf ;f+:s[lts df]rf{x?df rn]sf ;ª\3if{{x?;“u s]xL rf;f] g} /fVg' x'“b}g
/ j}rfl/s If]qdf rn]sf] ju{ ;ª\3if{{ k|lt Wofg (heed) g} lbg' x'“b}g . of] Psbd}
unt s'/f xf] / ;a}eGbf vt/f xf] . olb a'h'{cf ljrf/nfO{ dgk/L ug{ lbOG5
eg] ;j{xf/fsf] clwgfosTj a'h'{cfsf] clwgfosTj x'g]5 / ;dfhjfbL Joj:yf k'“hLjfbL
Joj:yf x'g]5, cyjf cw{–cf}klgj]lzs / cw{–;fdGtL Joj:yf x'g]5 . xfdLx?n] oL
dflg;x?lt/ kmls{P/ hf]8;“u eGg}k5{ M sd/]8x? † b'Zdgn] p;sf] t/jf/ pWofO/x]sf]
5, p;n] xfd|f 6fpsfx? sf6\g rfxG5 / p;n] xfd|f] /fHo ;Qf pN6\ofpg rfxG5 .
of] tkfO{n] b]Vbf s:tf] xf]nf / ;'Gbf s:tf] xf]nf s'g} hfgsf/L g} kfpg' ePsf]
5}g <
/fhg}lts
;Qf sAhf / ;'b[9Ls/0f aGb's hlQs} snddf klg e/kb{5 . olb xfdLx?n]
qmflGtsf/L p2]Zo (Cause) sf]
/Iffub}{ (Safe
guard) o;nfO{ cl3 a9fp“b} nfg' 5 eg] xfdLx?n] s]jn aGb'snfO{ dfq 7Ls
lsl;dn] bx|f];“u ;dft]/ k'Ub}g, ;j{xf/f sndnfO{ klg p7fpg'k5{ a'h'{cfsf]
sndnfO{ laikmf]6 u/fpg / 6f9f;Dd a9f/]/ ºof“Sgsf] nflu ;a} a'h'{cf ljrf/x?nfO{
a9f/]/ dfq xfdLx?n] ;j{xf/f juL{o /fhg}lts ;QfnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ ;S5f}+ / ;w}el/
;j{xf/f aGb'sdfly alnof] ks8 /fVg ;S5f}+ .
j}rfl/s
/ ;f+:s[lts df]rf{x?sf ju{ ;ª\3if{{df Pp6f /fd|f] b[li6sf]0fn] Pp6fsf] d'6';Dd
xNnfp“5 .
;j{xf/f
/ a'h'{cf, dfS;{jfbL / u}/–dfS;{jfbLsf] aLrdf ljrf/wf/fTds tyf ;f+:s[lts
df]rf{x?df rn]sf] ;ª\3if{{ lrlgof“ hgjfbL u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf sfnb]lv PsIf0f klg
slxNo} ;dfKt ePsf] 5}g . pTkfbgsf] ;dfhjfbL ;DaGw :yfkgf ePsf], t/ j}rfl/s
IF]qdf ju{ ;ª\3if{{ cem klxn]eGbf ulx/f] ePsf] 5, a9L h6Ln / tLa| ePsf]
5 .
;g\ !(%& df a'h'{cf
blIf0fkGyLx?n] kf6L{ / ;dfhjfbsf] lj?4 Pp6f kfunk"0f{ cfqmd0f (Frenzied attack)
u/] . k|ltlqmofjfbL /fhgLlt1x?sf] u7aGwg cfqmd0fsf] v'nf g]t[Tj Rofª kf]
r'g (Chang po
chun) / nf] n'ª lr (LO Lung chi) åf/f ul/Psf] lyof], To;eGbf cl3 g} a'h'{cf
blIf0fkGyL a'l4hLjLx?n] w]/} dfqfdf ljiffn' aLhx? rf/}lt/ 5l/;s]sf lyP, Pskl5
csf]{ ub}{ Toxf“ w]/} ;ª\Vofdf k|ltqmflGtsf/L wf/0ffx?, /fhg}lts sfo{qmdx?,
l;g]dfx? / pkGof;x?sf] hGd eof] . logLx? g} a'h'{cf blIf0fkGyLx?sf] nflu
/fhg}lts ;Qf sAhf ug{ hgdt tof/ ug]{ :ki6 ?kdf k|oTgx? lyP .
kf6L{
s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt / cWoIF dfcf]sf] a'l4dQfk"0f{ g]t[Tj cGtu{t lrlgof“ hgtfx?n]
a'h'{cf blIf0fkGyLx?sf] hª\unL k|Tofqmd0fnfO{ pN6\ofO lbP / /fhg}lts tyf
j}rfl/s IF]qdf Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ ljho xfl;n u/] .
To;kl5
;g\ !(%* df, ;dfhjfb lgdf{0fsf] nflu dxfg\ /ftf] em08fd'lg ;fdfGo sfo{lbzf
cGtu{t lrlgof“ hgtfx? sfdsf x/]s If]qx?df c;Ld pT;fx / hf“u/sf ;fy dxfg\
cu|ufdL sbddf cf/f]x0f u/] / Jofks kl/df0fdf hgsDo'gx?sf] :yfkgf u/], p;} avt
dhb'/sf hdft, ls;fgx? / l;kfxLx? pT;fxsf ;fy cWoIf dfcf]sf s[ltx?sf] cWoog u/]
/ pxf“sf] ljrf/nfO{ ;[hgfTds ?kdf k|of]u u/] . j}rfl/s tyf ;f+:s[lts
df]rf{x?df Pp6f qmflGt g} z'? eof] .
;g\
!(%( b]lv !(^@ ;Dd ;f]leot ;+zf]wgjfbLåf/f ul/Psf] tf]8kmf]8 (Sabotage) /
k|fs[lts ljklQx? (Natural
calamities) sf tLg jif{x?sf sf/0fn] rLgn] c:yfoL cfly{s ;d:ofx?nfO{
em]Ng'k¥of] . t/ ;d:ofx?n] qmflGtsf/L lrlgof“ hgtfx?nfO{ eolet (Intimidate) ug{
;s]g . kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt / cWoIf dfcf]sf] a'l4dQfk"0f{ g]t[Tj
cGt/ut lrlgof“ hgtfx?n] s7Lg kl/>d u/]/ ;fx;sf ;fy cl3 a9] . yf]/}
jif{x? leq}, ltgLx?n] sl7gfOx?dfly ljho k|fKt u/] / Pp6f zfgbf/ kl/l:yltsf]
lgdf{0f u/] . tyflk, cfly{s sl7gfOsf oL yf]/} jif{x?df, Ps /fIf;kl5 csf]{
ub}{ p;sf] n'Sg] ynf]af6 aflx/ lgl:sP . kf6L{ / ;dfhjfb lj?4 k|ltlqmofjfbL
a'h'{cfsf] cfqmd0f Pp6f r/d k|sf]k (Utmost fury) sf] prfO (Pitch) df
k'Uof] .
bfz{lgs
cWoogsf] IF]qdf, dhb'/x? ls;fgx? / l;kfxLx?sf] hg;d"xx?nfO{ sfo{ IF]qdf
cfºgf j:t'ut kxnsbdLx?nfO{ lngaf6 kl5 x6fpg / dxfg\ cu|ufdL 5nfª\sf] lj/f]w ug{
of¨ l;og r]g (Yang
Hsien Chen) n] ljrf/sf] / j:t'sf] kl/ronfO{ g} OGsf/ u/]/ e|fds
s'ts{x? (Fallacy)
Jofks?kdf km}nfof] . kl/0ffd:j?k, pm æPsdf b'O{sf] of]uÆ (“two combining into one”) sf]
l;4fGt lnP/ cfof], o;/L r/d k|ltlqmofjfbL /fhg}lts sfo{lbzfsf] nflu bfz{lgs
æw/ftnÆ (“ground”) pknAw
u/fof], h;n] ;fd|fHojfb, k|ltlqmofjfbLx? / cfw'lgs ;+zf]wgjfbL;“usf] xfd|f]
;DaGwdf ;ª\3if{{sf] knfogtfnfO{ asfnt ub{Yof] / c? dflg;x?sf] qmflGtsf/L
;ª\3if{{k|ltsf] ;xof]u / ;dy{gdf sdL Nofpg], ;fy;fy} rSnfaGbL hdLg JolQmut
k|of]hgdf lbg] / :jtGq ahf/ lj:tf/ ug]{, pgLx?s} cfºgf] gfkmf 3f6fsf] Psnf}6L
pQ/bfloTj /xg] u/L ;–;fgf pBf]ux?sf] j[l4 ug]{ kl/jf/ (Household) df
cfwfl/t k}bfjf/ sf]6f (Output quota) lgwf{/0f ug]{ s'/fsf] jsfnt ub{Yof] .
a'h'{cfsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ tyfslyt æclwsf/Lx?Æ (Authorities”)
h;n]
dhb'/x?, ls;fgx?, l;kfxLx?nfO{ cWoIf dfcf]sf s[ltx? cWoog ug{af6 /f]Sg /
pxf“sf] ljrf/nfO{ ;[hgfTds ?kdf k|of]usf] lj/f]w ug{ kf6L{leq tLgj6f 808fx? (three cudgels)M c;Eotf
(“Philistinism”),
clt;/nLs/0f (“Over
Simplification”) / Jojxf/jfb (Pragmatism) sf] gfddf ltgLx?sf] af6f]sf
;'?ªx? a[xt ?kdf lgdf{0f u/]sf (Wormed) lyP . o; cltl/Qm, ltgLx?sf] cf]xbf / zlQmsf]
b'?kof]u u/]/ ltgLx?n] k|];nfO{ dhb'/x?, ls;fgx? / l;kfxLx?åf/f n]lvPsf bfz{lgs
n]vx? k|sfzg ug{af6 /f]s] . p;} avt, bz{gsf] Oltxf; cWoog ug]{ cfj/0f
cGt/ut s]xL lglZrt a'h'{cf æljz]if1x?Æ n] …:jtGqtfÚ, ;dfgtf / e|ft[TjÆ sf]
ljrf/nfO{ Jofks?kdf k|rf/–k|;f/ u/] / sGºo"l;o;k|lt d'Qmx:tn] k|z+;f u/],
k'/fgf] zj (Mummy) nfO{
k|of]u u/]/ ltgLx?k|lt a'h'{cf ljrf/sf l;\uf] ;]6 (Set) nfO{
;fj{hlgs u/] .
cfly{s
cWoogsf] IF]qdf, ;g o]x kmfª (Sun Yeh fang) / p;sf sDkgLn] ;+zf]wgjfbL s'ts{x?sf] l;ª\uf]
;]6nfO{ g} cl3 ;f/] . ltgLx?n] dfcf]T;]t'ªsf] ljrf/ /fhgLltnfO{
zLif{:yfgdf /fVg lj/f]w u/] / d'gfkmf tyf d'b|fnfO{ zLif{:yfgdf /fVg
rfx] . ltgLx?n] pTkfbgsf] ;dfhjfbL ;DaGwnfO{ abNg] / ;dfhjfbL
jfl0fHox?nfO{ k'“hLjfbL jfl0fHox?df kmsf{pg] Joy}{sf] k|of; u/] .
P]ltxfl;s
cWoogsf] If]qdf, a'h'{cf æclwsf/Lx?Æsf] Ps em'08n] P]ltxfl;s cWoogsf] qmflGt,
hf] ;g\ !(%* b]lv z'? ePsf] lyof], dfly a]Odfg (Unscrupulous) cfqmd0fx? z'? u/] .
ltgLx?n] dfS;{jfb,n]lggjfb / dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/nfO{ P]ltxfl;s cg';Gwfgdf
zLif{:yfgdf /fVg lj/f]w u/] / of] wf/0ff km}nfP ls P]ltxfl;s vfsf (data) g}
;a}yf]s x'g\ . ltgLx?n] cfkm}n] eGg] u/]sf æP]ltxfl;stfjfbÆ (“historicism”) nfO{
dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf] ju{ ;ª\3if{{sf] l;4fGtnfO{ lj/f]w ug{ k|of]u u/] .
ltgn] Oltxf;df qmflGtsf/L cg';Gwfgstf{x?nfO{ olt ltQm 3[0ff u/], h;n] ;d|f6x?,
/fhfx?, hg]{nx? / k|wfgdGqLx?sf] cfnf]rgfTds d"Nofª\sg (Critical appraisals) u/]sf
lyP / ls;fgx? tyf ls;fg ;ª\3if{{x?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbPsf lyP . P]ltxfl;s
cWoogsf] If]qdf ltgLx? a'h'{cf æ/fhfjfbLx?Æ (“royalists”) lyP . ltgLx?dWo] s]xL t
lr/sflns (inveterate) sDo'lgi6
lj/f]wL lyP . To;df j' xfg (Wu
Han) / lrog kf]6f (Chien po-tsan) ;lDdlnt lyP .
;flxTo
/ snfsf] IF]qdf, a'h'{cfsf k|ltlglwx?n] ;flxTo / snfdf l;ª\uf]] ;+zf]wgjfbL
sfo{lbzfsf] k|rf/df s'g} k|oTgx? af“sL /fv]gg\, hf] cWoIF dfcf]sf] sfo{lbzfsf]
lj/f]wdf xf]cf];\ / ltgLx?n] u/]sf] !(#) sf] k/Dk/fsf] k|jn ?kdf k|rf/
u/] . ljlzi6tfdf ltgsf l;4fGtx? æ;To n]vgÆ af/] (on “truthful writing”),
æoyfy{jfbsf] j[xb\ af6f] Æaf/] (on “the broad path of realism”), æoyfy{jfbsf] ulx/fOÆ af/] (as ..”the deepening of realism”) æljifoj:t' lg0ff{os tTjsf] ?kdfÆ sf] lj/f]w af/] (on opposition to
“subject–matter as the decisive factor”), ædWojtL{ rl/qÆ af/] (on …”middle characters”)
æaf?bsf] uGwÆ sf] lj?4df (on the opposition to “the smell of gun powder”),
æo'usf] l:kl/6sf] ?kdf ljljw k|j[lQx?sf] ljnoÆaf/] (on “the merging of various
trends as the spirit of the age”) æcfbz{nfO{ ºof“lslbg] / s§/kGysf] lj?4 ljb|f]x ug]{Æ
af/] (on
“discording the classics and rebelling against orthodoxy”) cflb
lyP . oL l;4fGtx?sf] lgb]{zg cGtu{t, Toxf“ v/fa, kf6L{ lj/f]wL, ;dfhjfbL
efjg[To (operas) gf6s
lkmNd / pkGof;x?, ;fy} rnlrq / ;flxTosf Oltxf;x? lj/f]wL Pp6f t/¨ (wave)
b]vfk¥of] .
lzIffsf]
IF]qdf a'h'{cfsf k|ltlglwx?n] cWoIf dfcf]åf/f ljsf; ul/Psf] z}lIfs gLltnfO{
tLa| lj/f]w u/], h;sf] p2]Zo lzlIftx?nfO{ g}lts ?kdf, af}l4s ?kdf / zf/Ll/s
?kdf ljsf; ug{ / ;dfhjfbL lrGts / ;';+:s[t >lds hg aGg ;Ifd t'Nofpg] /x]sf]
5 . ltgLx?n] s]xL efu sfd, s]xL efu cWoogsf] z}lIfs k|0ffnLsf] lj/f]wdf /
;f]leot ;+zf]wgjfbsf] z}lIfs l;4fGtx? / Joj:yfx?sf] k|rf/sf] af/]df s'g} klg
k|oTgx? arfO /fv]gg\ (Spared) . xfd|f o'jf k':tfx?nfO{ xfdLx?af6 cnUofP/
a'h'{cfx?sf] pQ/flwsf/L agfpg] Joy{sf] cfzfdf ltgLx?n] lg/fzfhgs (desperate) k|oTgx?
u/] .
kqsfl/tfsf]
If]qdf, a'h'{cfsf k|ltlglwx?n] kqsfl/tfsf] lgb]{zs e"ldsf (guiding role) sf]
lj/f]w ug]{ k|oTgdf cfkm"x?nfO{ pEofP / æJofVofTds 1fgÆ (“importing knowledge”) sf]
a'h'{cf l;4fGtsf] jsfnt u/] . ltgLx?n] kqsfl/tf sfo{df dfS;{jfb,n]lggjfb /
dfcf] ljrf/wf/fsf] ljrf/sf] g]t[Tjsf] unf /]6\g] (Strangle) Joy}{sf] k|of; u/] t, a'h'{cf
alh{t (bourgeois
contraband) ;fdfgnfO{ d'ºtdf d'b|f lbg] / kqsfl/tfdf xfd|f]
cfwf/nfO{ xfdLaf6} ljs[t (wrest) ug]{
cfzf u/]/ .
;a}eGbf
k|ltlqmofjfbL / b'/fu|xL (fanatical) tTj, of] xfgLsf/s -k|lts"n_ (adverse) wf/
kf6L{ lj/f]wL ætLg–kl/jf/ ufp“Æ (three-family village”) Uofª lyof] .
ltgLx?sf] w]/} cfwf/x?– ;dfrf/ kqx? (news papers) klqsfx? (magazines), d~r (forum) / k|sfzg ;ª\3x? lyP . ltgsf nfdf kfv'/fx?
;f+:s[lts If]qsf ;a} s'gf–s'gfx?df k'u], h;df ltgLx?sf] g]t[Tjsf s]xL cf]xbfx?
xTofP . ltgLx?sf] gfs hf];'s} k|ltlqmofjfbLsf] nflu Psbd} ltvf] lyof],
/fhg}lts jfo'd08ndf ltgLx?sf n]vx?n] hf];'s} k|ltlqmofjfbL;“u c;fWo} glhs /
tTsfn ;xsfo{ b]vfp“y] . lgb]{zg cGtu{t, ;ª\ul7t tl/sfn], of]hgfcg';f/
clego ub}{ / of]hgfsf] ;]6 cg';f/ k'“hLjfb k'g:yf{kgfsf] / ;j{xf/fsf] clwgfosTj
pv]n]/ ºof“Sgsf] nflu ltgLx?n] hgdt tof/ u/] .
o;
xfgLsf/s (adverse) k|jfxdf
d'Vo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{x? a'h'{cfsf k|ltlglwx? lyP, hf] u'Kt ?kn] (Sneaked)
kf6L{leq k|j]z u/]sf lyP . ltgLx?n] /ftf] em08fsf] lj?4df æ/ftf] em08fÆ
p7fP (Waved) /
dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/sf] lj?4 dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb / dfcf]T;]t'ª
ljrf/s} cfj/0fsf] klx/g u/] . dfS;{jfbL æ;Qfclwsf/LÆ (“Authorities”) sf] ?kdf cfkm"x?nfO{ 7f“6 kf/]/ (dressing up), kf6L{
gLltx?nfO{ :ki6 kfg]{ æclwsf/Lx?Æ (Authorities”) sf] ?kdf pgLx?n] cg'zf;gxLg (Wantonly) lsl;dn]
ljif 5/]/ hgtfx?nfO{ wf]vf lbP . ltgLx?n] pgLx?sf] cf]xbf / zlQmsf] gfhfoh
kmfObf p7fP . Psflt/, To:tf vfnsf /fIf;x?nfO{ km'Ssf 5fl8lbP eg] csf]{lt/,
;j{xf/f jfdsf] k|lt–cfqmd0fx?nfO{ bdg u/] . tL if8\oGqsf/Lx?sf] Pp6f em'08
(Bunch) x'g,\
h;n] ;fDojfbsf] ;fOgjf]8{ (Signboard) em'08\ofP/ To;sf] k5fl8af6 ltgLx?n] jf:tjdf kf6L{
lj/f]wL / ;dfhjfb lj/f]wL km]l/nufO/x] (Peddled), tL g} ;a}eGbf vt/f em'08 (Bunch)
x'g\ .
xfdLx?
;g\ !(%( b]lv g} a'h'{cfx?n] yfngL u/]sf cfqmd0fx?sf] lj?4 n8\b} cfPsf
5f+} . ljz]iftM ljut gf]eDj/ dlxgfb]lv, ha sd/]8 ofcf] j]g–o'cfg (Yao Wen-Yuan) n]
xfOh'O kbaf6 avf{:t ul/of] (Hai jui Dismissed from Office) eGg] gof” P]ltxfl;s gf6ssf]
af/]df pxf“sf] n]v k|sfzg eof] / dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] cfx\jfg (Clarion) z+v3f]if (Sounded) eof],
To;kl5 a'h'{cfsf] cfqmd0fx?sf] lj?4 l;ª\uf]] hgtfsf] k|Tofqmd0f (Counter-offensive) k|f/De
ePsf] 5 .
o;
k|Tofqmd0fdf ;f/f dhb'/x?, ls;fgx?, l;kfxLx?, qmflGtsf/L sfo{stf{x? /
qmflGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?sf] /fhg}lts r]tgf ck"j{ :t/ (unprecedented level) ;Dd
j[l4 ePsf] 5 / pgLx?sf] n8fs' Ifdtf eoÍ/ j[l4 ePsf] 5 . ;f/f hgtfåf/f
nl8Psf] o'4x?n] ætLg kl/jf/ ufp”Æ (three family village) gfds kf6L{ lj/f]wL u'6 (Clique) nfO{
rsgfr'/ k/]sf] 5 / h/fx? pv]lnlbPsf] 5 / o;sf] h/f k]lsªsf] cl3Nnf]
gu/kflnsfsf] kf6L{ sld6L eGbf cGoq st} klg /x]sf] 5}g . kf6L{ lj/f]wL /
;dfhjfb lj/f]wL Pp6f sfnf] sfo{lbzf k]lsª gu/kflnsfsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf]
g]t[Tjdf JofKt lyof] (ran through) o;sf]
g]t[Tjsf s]xL ;b:ox? dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbLx? xf]Og, ls ;+zf]wgjfbLx? 5g\ .
ltgLx?n] w]/} cfwf/x? / ;~rf/dfly sAhf hdfP / ;j{xf/fdfly clwgfosTjsf] cEof;
u/] . ltgLx? :jfy{hLjLx? (Careerists) / if8\oGqsf/Lx? (Conspirators) sf u"6 lyP .
t/ ltgLx?sf] if8\oGq (Plots) sf kf]n v'n] (exposed) / ltgLx? k/flht eP .
xfd|f] kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] k]lsª gu/kflnsf kf6L{ ;ldltnfO{ k'gu{7g u¥of] /
gof“nfO{ :yflkt u¥of] . of] lg0f{o w]/} a'l4dQfk"0f{ / Psbd} ;xL
lyof] . of] dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/sf] Pp6f gof“ ljho lyof] .
ut
jif{sf] Jofks (Large-scale)
z'?cftsf] If0fb]lv g} a'h'{cfsf k|ltlglwx?, h;n] kf6L{leq pgLx?sf ;'?ªx?
vf]n]sf (Wormed) lyP /
/ftf] em08fsf] lj?4 æ/ftf] em08fÆ p7fPsf lyP, tL r/d cGof}ntfsf] (utter confusion) sf]
l:yltdf 3r]l6P . ltgLx?n] xtf/df a'h'{cf blIf0fkGyLx?nfO{ ;dy{g / ;]N6/
k|bfg ug{ / ;j{xf/f jfdnfO{ bdg / cfqmd0f ug{ kf“r æhGt/Æ (“talismans”) sf]
cfx\jfg u/] .
!_
tL æhGt/x?Æ “talismans” dWo]
Pp6f æv'nfx'g]Æ(“opening
wide”) sf] qmddf cfPsf] lyof] .
a'h'{cfsf
k|ltlglwx?, h;n] kf6L{leq ;'?ªx? vf]n]sf lyP / /ftf] em08fsf] lj/f]w ug{ æ/ftf]
em08fÆ (“red
flag”) p7fPsf lyP, n]] kf6L{åf/f cl3 ;fl/Psf] v'nfx'g] (“opening wide”)
gLltnfO{ o;sf] ljifoj:t' (Content) ltgLx?n] a'h'{cf blIf0fkGyLx?nfO{ dfq …af]NgÚ (‘speak out') lbP /
;j{xf/f jfdk+yLnfO{ 5nkmn (Contest) d} efu lng lbPgg\ . ltgLx?n] s]jn a'h'{cf
blIf0fkGyLx?nfO{ cfqmd0f ug{ cg'dlt lbP/ ;j{xf/f jfdnfO{ k|lt–cfqmd0f ug{
cg'dlt lbPgg\ . ltgLx?n] blIF0fkGyLx?nfO{
pgLx? hlt ;Sy], plt …v'NnfÚ x'g lbP ha ls jfdkGyLx?n] k7fPsf
k|lt–cfqmd0fsf kf08'lnkLx? (manuscripts) tVtfdf /flvlbGy] (Sheived) cyjf pgLx?sf] cfºgf] ljrf/
cg'?ksf] k'gn]{vg ug{ n]vsnfO{ afWo kfb{y] . ltgLx?n] eGby] ls xfOh'O
kbaf6 avf{:t ul/of] (Hajui Dismissed from office) nfO{ /fhg}lts sf]0faf6 cfnf]rgf
ug'{x'“b}g eGy] . olb o;f] ul/of] eg] kf6L{sf] v'nfx'g] -Opening wide) sf]
gLltnfO{ c;/ kg]{ 5 / hgtfx? af]Ng 8/fpg] 5g\ . xfdL tL ;/bf/x? (lords) nfO{ oL
s'/fx? ;f]Wg rfxG5f} M s] ltdLx? lj:tf/} clnslt dfq v'Nof} < s] ltdLx?n]
kf6L{nfO{ /fhg}lts ?kdf hf]8tf]8;“u cfqmfds ?kdf (blustering & aggressive manner) cfqmd0f
u/]sf 5}gf} < lsg ltdLx?n] ;j{xf/fnfO{ a'h'{jf blIf0fkGyLsf] /fhg}lts ?kdf
k|Tofqmd0f ug{ xfSsfxfSsL af]Ng (opening wide) af6 lgif{w u¥of} < ;f/df,
ltd|f] v'nfx'g] (“opening
wide”) gLltn] a'h'{cfnfO{ cl3 a9\g xl/of] aQL lbof] /
;j{xf/fnfO{ /f]lsg /ftf] aQL lbof] .
@_
bf];|f] æhGt/Æ (“talisman”) æWj+;cl3 lgdf{0fÆ sf gfddf b]lvof] . a8f]
åGåjfbL ePsf] afxgf u/]/ a'h'{cf k|ltlglwx?, h;n] kf6L{leq ;'?ªx? lgdf{0f u/]sf
lyP / /ftf] em08fsf] lj?4df …/ftf] em08fÚ prfn]sf lyP, n] æWj+;cl3 lgdf{0fÆ sf]
sf]nfxn (Clamour) g}
dRrfP, h'ga]nf a'h'{cf cfqmd0fsf] lj?4 ;j{xf/fn] k|Tofqmd0f u¥of] / æWj+;cl3
lgdf{0fÆ sf] afxgf (Pretex) df ltgLx?n] ;j{xf/fnfO{ a'h'{cf ljrf/wf/fnfO{ ljgf; ug{,
a'h'{cfsf] k|ltlqmofjfbL /fhg}lts lsNnf (Citadel) df cfqmd0f ug{ cg'dlt g}
lb“b}gy] . æWj+;cl3 lgdf{0fÆ åGåjfb / dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/ lj/f]wL 5 .
sd/]8 dfcf]T;]t'ªn] xfdLx?nfO{ lg/Gt/ l;sfp“b} cfpg'ePsf] 5 ls ljgf; lagf t
lgdf{0f g} x'“b}g . :ki6 ?kdf of] xf] ls Wj+; klxn] g} cfpg'k5{ .
oxf“ Wj+;sf] cy{ qmflGt xf], o;sf] cy{, cfnf]rgf xf] . Wj+;n] ts{df (Reasoning) nfO{
lgDTofp“5, / ts{gf (reasoning) cfkm}df lgdf{0fsf] Pp6f sfo{ xf] .
dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb / dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/ oL ;a}sf] a'h'{cf ljrf/wf/fnfO{ blIf0f
cj;/jfb / æjfdÆ cj;/jfbnfO{ ljgf; ug]{ ;ª\3if{{x?df g} ljsf; ePsf x'g\ .
lgdf{0f cl3 Wj+; / Wj+;s} qmddf lgdf{0f oL Oltxf;sf åGåjfb x'g\ . s]
dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb / dfcf]ljrf/wf/f clt k|frLg
(Immemorial)
lgdf{0fb]lv ;j{ljlbt dxfg\ ;To xf]Ogg\ / < xfdL tL a'h'{cf ;/bf/x? (Lords) ;“u of]
;f]Wg rfxG5f} ls ltdLn] lgdf{0f ug{ rfxg] Tof] s] xf] < :ki6 ?kdf Tof] xf]–
s]jn a'h'{cf k|ltlqmofjfbL ljrf/wf/f, t/ ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf/L ljrf/wf/f rflx+
xf]Og . ha ;j{xf/fn] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb / dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f Jojxf/df
k|of]u u/] clgjfo{ ?kdf a'h'{cfsf] cfqmd0fsf] ;fdgf u/] (Countered) /
a'h'{cf ljrf/wf/f / ltdLx?n] :yfkgf u/]sf] æWj+;cl3 lgdf{0fÆ, h'g :ki6tM
blIf0fkGyLx?sf] /Iffsf] p2]Zosf] nflu / jfd kGyLnfO{ k|Tofqmd0faf6 /f]Sgsf]
nflu lyof], sf] sf]nfxnnfO{ ljgf; ug]{ sfo{ yfngL u/] . of] ;j{xf/f
;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] lj?4df lyof] .
#_ t];|f] …hGt/ æjfd
ljåfg–tfgfzfxx?Æ (“Left
Scholar-tyrants”) sf] lj/f]w To;sf] j[l4nfO{ k5fl8 ws]Ng] 6fpsf]d'lg b]vf
k¥of] .
ha
ha ;j{xf/f jfdkGyLn] a'h'{cf cfqmd0fsf] lj?4 ;fdgf ub}{ cl3a9], ta a'h'{cf
k|ltlglwx?, h;n] kf6L{leq ;'?ª lgdf{0f u/]sf lyP / /ftf] em08fsf] lj?4 …/ftf]
em08fÚ p7fPsf lyP, n] …clt ;fjwfgÚ (“meticulous”) / …kf/ª\utÚ (Profound) x'g
rfxg] afxgfdf jfdkGyLnfO{ …ckl/kSjÚ (Crude) / …nf}/f]Ú (‘Cudgel') sf]
h:tf] Jojxf/ u/]sf egL eT;{gf u/] . jt{dfg a'h'{cf cfqmd0fx?sf] lj?4df
k|lt/f]wL cfqmd0fsf] cjlwel/ km]l/ ltgLx?n] ;j{xf/f jfdkGyLnfO{ tn emfg{ / bdg
ug{sf] lgldQ æjfd ljåfg–tfgfzfxx?Æ sf] lj/f]w ug]{ / ltgsf] ljsf;nfO{ kl5 kfg]{
Joy{sf] k|of;df csf]{ æhGt/Æ sf] cfx\jfg u/] . o;nfO{ cg'dlt lbg
;lsb}gYof] . xfdLx?n] eG5f}+ ls …ljåfg–tfgfzfxÚ sf] n]jn (tag) t ltdL
a'h'{cfsf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ / z}lIfs clwsf/L ju{nfO{ of] Psbd} ;'xfp“5 t . ltdL ;/bf/x?, h;n] kf6L{leq
;'?ªx? vf]Nof} / a'h'{cf ljåfg tfgfzfxx?nfO{ /Iff u¥of} / k5fl8 n'sfof}, tL of]
7"nf kf6L{ tfgfzfxx? / ljåfgtfgfzfxx? x'g\ tL tfgfzfxx?, h;n] ;dfrf/kqx? /
lstfax? k9\b}gg\, hf] hgtfaf6 s6]sf 5g\ / 1fg ljxLg (Devoid) 5g\ /
h;n] ltdLx?sf] zlQm k|of]uu/L c?dfly ljho k|fKt ug{ k|of; u5{g\ . ;j{xf/f
jfdkGyLn] t ;w}+ dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb / dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/sf] ;Totfdfly hf]8 lbG5 /
a'h'{cf ljrf/sf] cfnf]rgfdf j}1flgs ljjfb (Contention) / k|df0fdf e/ kb{5g\ .
;j{xf/f jfdkGyLnfO{ …ljåfg–tfgfzfxÚ ;“u Go"gtd klg s]xL ug'{ 5}g .
xfdLx?n] 7"nf] kl/df0f (Mass Scale) d} ;a} a'h'{cf æljåfg–tfgfzfxx?Æ, sf ;fy;fy}
ltdLx? h:tf d'¶Le/sf (handful) 7"nf kf6L{–tfgfzfxx? / 7"nf ljåfg tfgf–zfxx?nfO{
a9f/]/ lg/fs/0f ug]{ agfpg} k5{ . xfdLx?n] ltdL clwkltx? (lords), h;n]
jfdkGyLnfO{ …nf}/f]Ú (Cudgel) eg]/
lgGbf u5f}{, jfdkGyL ;j{xf/fsf] :kftsf] n¶L (Steel Cudgel) xf], ;'gsf] n¶L xf] / xfdLn]
of] n¶L k'/fgf]nfO{ rsgfr'/ kfg{, (to smash), w'hf w'hf kfg{ (to smithereens) /
d'¶Le/sf 7"nf kf6L{–tfgfzfxx? / ljåfg–tfgfzfxx?nfO{ x/fpg / ltdLx?sf]
cwf]nf]s (Under
world) sf] clw/fHo (Kingdom) nfO{ ljgfz ug{ k|of]u ug]{
5f}+ . xf], o;}nfO{ elgG5– ;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTj .
$_ csf]{ hGt/ (talisman) æljz'4
z}lIfs 5nkmnÆ (“purely
accdemic discussion”) sf] gfddf cfof] .
kf6L{
/ ;dfhjfbdflysf] a'h'{cf blIf0fkGyLx?sf] cfqmd0fnfO{ l5kfpg / p;} jvt, ;j{xf/f
jfdkGyLsf] k|Tofqmd0fx?nfO{ bdg ug{ a'h'{cfsf k|ltlglwx?, h;n] kf6L{leq
ltgLx?sf] ;'?ª lgdf{0f ul/;s]sf lyP / /ftf] em08fsf] lj/f]w ug{ …/ftf] em08fÚ
prfn]sf lyP, n] ju{ ;ª\3if{{nfO{ ljrf/sf] IF]q (realm) df æljZj'4 z}lIfs 5nkmnÆ sf]
?kdf j0f{g u/] . oL clwklt (lords) x?nfO{ xfdLx? k|Zg u5f}{ s]
ToxL jf:tjdf s]xL z}lIfs s'/f 5– j' xfg (Wu Han) sf] æ
xfOh'On] ;d|f6nfO{ ufnLu5{Æ (“Hai jui Scolds the Emperor”) / xfOh'O kbaf6 avf{:t ul/of] (Hai jui Dismissed from
office) sf af/]df / t]ª tf] (Teng-To), lnofcf] df]–zf (Liao Mo-Sha) / p;sf]
sDkgLsf] kf6L{ lj/f]wL / ;dfhjfb lj/f]wL bxLlrp/] s'/f (double talk) df
tyfslyt æljz'4 z}lIfs 5nkmnÆ (“purely academic discussion”) a'h'{cfx?n] k|foM v]Ng] sk6 (fraud)
xf] . juL{o ;dfhdf æljz'4 z}lIfsÆ eGg] s]xL klg 5}g, k|To]s z}lIfs s'/f
;DalGwt juL{o ljZj b[li6sf]0fdf cfwfl/t x'G5, /fhgLlt clwg:y x'G5, ;DalGwt
ju{sf] /fhgLlts tyf Ps jf csf]{ tl/sfn] ;]jf ub{5 . jt{dfg l;ª\uf]]
kl/df0f (Full-scale) sf]
k|lt/f]wL cfqmd0fsf] qmddf a'h'{jfsf k|ltlglwx?n] tyfslyt …ljz'4 z}lIfs 5nkmnÚ
sf] …hGt/Ú (talisman) nfO{
;dfTg] / /fhgLltnfO{ k|wfgtf lbg] s'/fsf] lj/f]w u/] –cxd\ /fhg}lts d'2f;“u
hf]l8Psf] s'/fnfO{ 9fs5f]k ug{ kf6L{ lj/f]wL …tLg kl/jf/ ufp“Ú of …rf/ kl/jf/
ufp“Ú gfds Uofªx?n], a'h'{cf /fhgLltnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg / ;j{xf/f /fhgLltnfO{
k|fyldstf lbgaf6 lj/f]w ug{ / of] dxfg\ ;ª\3if{{nfO{ blIf0flt/ l3;fb}{ n}hfg /
o;nfO{ ;+zf]wgjfbL af6f]df df]8g (divert) .
%_
ltgLx?sf] cem} csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ …hGt/Ú (“talisman”) lyof], h;nfO{ ltgLx?n] eGg]
ub{y] M æ;Tosf] cufl8 x/]s JolQm a/fa/ 5Æ (Everybody is equal before the truth)
e|flGtk"0f{ lj1lKtsf] x/]ssf] cf–cfºgf] lx:;f 5Æ (“everyone has his share of erroneous statement”), of] ;a} u8a8L÷c:tJo:ttf
xf] (It is all a
muddle)
a'h'{cf
lj?4sf] ;j{xf/fsf] k|lt/f]w cfqmd0fsf] qmddf, tL a'h'{cf, h;n] kf6L{leq ;'?ª
lgdf{0f u/]sf lyP / /ftf] em08fsf] lj/f]w ug{ …/ftf] em08fÚ prfn]sf lyP, n] of]
…hGt/Ú (‘talisman') sf]
cfx\jfg u/], Psflt/ cfºgf dfG5]x?nfO{ ltgLx?sf] cf]xbfdf em'08\ofO/xg / Ps O~r
klg kl5 gx6\g / csf]{lt/, e|d k}bf ug{ tfls ltgLx?n] wldnf kfgLdf df5f dfg{
;s"g\ / k|lt–cfqmd0fsf] nflu Pp6f df}sfsf] tfsdf klv{pmg\ .
…k|To]s
JolQm ;Tosf] cufl8 ;dfg x'G5Ú eGg] af]qm]–af]qm] a'h'{cf gf/f k"/} kfv08L (Hypocritical)
5 . ljk/Lt ju{x?sf] aLrdf ;a}df ;dfgtf 5}g . ;Tosf] klg cfºg} juL{o
k|s[lt 5 . jt{dfg o'udf s]jn ;j{xf/f PSn} j:t'ut ;TonfO{ cwLg ug{ (to master) ;kmn
ePsf] 5 lsgls o;sf juL{o :jfy{x? j:t'ut lgodx?;“u k"0f{?kdf cg'?ktf (Confirmity) df
5g\ . k|ltlqmofjfbL / ktgzLn a'h'{cf o; ;Toaf6 nfdf] ;dob]lv k"0f{
?kdf s6]sf] 5 . o;sf] tyfslyt …;ToÚ Pp6f e"m7 (fallacy) eGbf c?
s]xL klg xf]Og, h'g ;dosf] k|jfx j:t'ut lgodx?sf] ljk/Lt hfG5 . ;j{xf/f /
a'h'{cf aLrdf, ;j{xf/f ljrf/wf/f / a'h'{cf ljrf/wf/f, ;j{xf/f ;To / a'h'{cf
em"7sf aLrdf slxNo} klg ;dfgtf x'g ;Qm}g . oxf“ ;dlji6 Pp6} k|Zg xf]–
rfx] k"jL{xfjf klZrdL xfjfdfly k|efjL xf]cf];\ jf of 7Ls o;sf] pN6f] g}
xf];\ (Viceversa), a'h'{cf
lj?4sf] ;j{xf/f ;ª\3if{{, ;f+:s[ltsf ljleGg If]qx? nufot pk/L ;+/rgfsf]
If]qdfly ;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTj / kf6L{leq ;'?ª agfpg] /ftf] em08fsf]
lj/f]wdf …/ftf] em08fÚ prfNg] a'h'{cfsf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;j{xf/f juL{o ;dfgtfnfO{
cg'dlt lbg ;lsG5 t < lat]sf bzsx?df k'/fgf ;fdflhs hgjfbLx? / cl3Nnf lat]sf
bzsx?df cfw'lgs ;+zf]wgjfbLx? / c?x?n] ;j{xf/fx?nfO{ a'h'{cfx? ;“u;“u} ;dfgtf
pkef]u ug{ slxNo} cg'dlt lbPsf 5}gg\ . æk|To]s JolQm ;Tosf] cufl8 ;dfg 5Æ
eGg] gf/fsf] hGd x'g'df a'h'{cfsf k|ltlglwx?, h;n] kf6L{leq ltgsf ;'?ªx? vf]n]sf
5g\, kf6L{ lj/f]wLx? / ;dfhjfb lj/f]wL ;xf/f lbg (Bolster) rfxG5g\, / tTjx?n] jfdkGyLx?sf
k|Tofqmd0fx?nfO{ bdg ug{ rfxG5g\ . xfdLx?n] oL clwkltx?nfO{ of] k|Zg ug{
rfxG5f}+ ls ha ltdLx? ;dfgtfsf] af/]df asas (prating) ul//x]sf 5f} eGg] jfdkGyLx?åf/f
n]lvPsf] n]v k|sflzt ug{ lsg c:jLsf/ u¥of} t, ha ls To;} avt blIf0fkGyLx?nfO{
Psnf}6L ltgLx?sf] c;ª\Vo ljiffn' aLpmx? (Poisonous weeds) k|sflzt ug{ t cg'dlt lbof} lg
< of] s] ;dfgtf xf] < xfdLx?n] ltdLx?nfO{ :ki6 v/f]kf/fdf (bluntly)
eGg'k5{– xfdLx?n] ltdLx?nfO{ ;j{xf/f;“u s'g} s'g} klg ;dfgtfsf] cg'dlt lb“b}
lbGgf} . ltdLx? lj?4sf] xfd|f] ;ª\3if{{ eg]sf] hLjg–d/0fsf] Pp6} ;ª\3if{{
xf] . ltdLx?sf] To; k|sf/sf] kf6L{ lj/f]wL / ;dfhjfb lj/f]wL Uofªx?sf]
;DaGwdf, clwgfosTj g} s]jn Ps dfq s'/f xf] .
æe|flGtk"0f{
cleJolQmx?sf] k|To]ssf] cf–cfºgf] lx:;f 5Æ eGg] ts{ / æof] ;a} c:tJo:ttf g}
xf]Æ eGg] ts{ Pp6f 7"nf] if8\oGq lyof] . xfdLx?n] ;f]+Rb5f}+ ls
;a}eGbf klxn] t ju{x?sf] aLrdf / qmflGt tyf k|ltqmflGtsf] aLrdf ;Ldf/]vf (Demarcation) t
sf]l/Og} k5{ . j:t'ut 36gfx?sf] ;dembf/Lsf] l;nl;nfdf qmflGtsf/L jfdkGyLn]
Pp6f jf csf]{ uNtLx? ug{ k'Ub5g\, t/ logLx?nfO{ pxL ;–;fgf (Same breath) a'h'{cf
blIf0fkGyLx?sf] kf6L{ lj/f]wL, ;dfhjfb lj/f]wL / k|ltqmflGtsf/L egfOx? /
sfo{x?sf] ?kdf JofVof ug{'x'“b}g, oL b'O{ s'/fx? k"0f{ ?kdf leGb}
5g\ . jt{dfg dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtdf k|d'v cGt/lj/f]wL b'ZdgL
k"0f{?kdf leGb} 5g\ . jt{dfg dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtdf k|d'v
cGt/lj/f]w b'ZdgLk"0f{ (antagonistic) 5, Psflt/ dhb'/x?sf], ls;fgx?sf], l;kfxLx?sf],
qmflGtsf/L sfo{stf{x?sf], qmflGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?sf] ljzfn hg;d"x / csf]{lt/
kf6L{–lj/f]wL, ;dfhjfb–lj/f]wL a'h'{cfsf] d'¶Le/ k|ltlglw ltdLx? aLrdf of]
qmflGt / k|ltqmflGt aLrsf] cGt/lj/f]w xf], xfdLx? / xfd|f b'Zdg aLrsf] c;fDo (irreconcilable)
cGt/lj/f]w xf] . hxf“;Dd ltdLx?sf] k|ltqmflGtsf/L egfOx? / u/fOx?sf] nflu
xfdLx?n] tL ;a}nfO{ bofljxLg cfnf]rgfsf] ljifo agfpg' k5{ / cfqmd0fsf] nflu
;a}nfO{ cfx\jfg ug'{k5{ . ;fdfGotM a'h'{cfsf] z}lIfs b[li6sf]0fx? (Ideas)
jf:tjdf, cfnf]rgfsf] dftxtdf cfpg' k5{, t/ Tof] ltdLx? h:tf kf6L{ lj/f]wL,
;dfhjfb lj/f]wL tTjx?nfO{ 7LSsx'g] Jojxf/ eGbf km/s x'G5 . ;fdfGo a'h'{cf
ljåfgx?;“u Jojxf/ ubf{, xfdLx?n] ltgLx?nfO{ sfdsf] plrt cj:yf pknAw u/fpg' k5{
/ sfo{sf] l;nl;nfdf ltgLx?sf] ljZj b[li6sf]0f k'gM -gof“_ ;f“rf]df 9fNg
lbg'k5{ . ha xfdLx?n] a'h'{cfx?åf/f ul/Psf] cfqmd0fx?df k|xf/ u¥of}+,
a'h'{cf k|ltlglwx? hf] kf6L{leq u'Kt ?kn] l5/]sf lyP, n] æe|flGtk"0f{
egfOx?sf] k|To]ssf] cfºgf] lx:;f 5Æ / æof] ;a} g} uf]ndfn xf]Æ egL sf]nfxn
dRrfP, ltgLx?sf] p2]Zo c? s]xL geP/ jfdkGyLx?nfO{ ;f“u'/f] ks8df lng', kfgL
wldNofpg', e|d ;[hgf ug'{ / k|lt/f]wL cfqmd0fsf] yfngL ug'{ lyof] . of]
k|of;sf] s]jn aaf{bL dfq lyof] . xfdLx? cWoIf dfcf]sf] lgb]{zg cg';f/
hfG5f}+ / jfd, dWo / blIf0fsf] aLrdf e]b 5'6\ofp“5f}+, xfdL afddf e/ k5f}{,
blIf0f;“u n8\5f} / lhT5f}+, cfj4 u5f}{ / ax'dtnfO{ k|lzlIft u5f}{– dxfg\
;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts qmflGtnfO{ cGTo;Dd k'¥ofpgsf] nflu .
a'h'{cf
k|ltlglw, hf] kf6L{leq u'Kt ?kdf k;]sf 5g\ / /ftf] em08fsf] lj/f]wdf …/ftf]
em08fÚ prfn]sf 5g\, ltgsf oL ;a} …hGt/x?Ú Pp6} nIodf lgb]{lzt lyP– ltgLx?sf]
clwgfosTjsf] nflu ;j{xf/fnfO{ cwLgdf lng' . ltgLx?n] klxNo} s]xL g]t[Tjsf
cf]xbfx? sAhf ul/;s]sf lyP / ;+:s[ltsf ljleGg If]qx?df xfdLdfly pgLx?sf]
clwgfosTj cEof; u/]sf lyP . ca oL cf]xbfx? xfdLx?n] sAhf ug'{k5{ / of
a'h'{cfsf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ ldNsfpg' k5{ .
a'h'{cf
k|ltlglwx? hf] kf6L{leq u'Kt ?kdf k;]sf 5g\, sf cfZrfo{ nfUbf] ljlzi6tf (Striking feature) eg]sf]
ha ltgLx?n] æ/ftf] em08fÆ prfN5g\, To;a]nf /ftf] em08f lg/sf] ltgLx?sf] :yfg
xf] .
xfdLx?n] ltdLx?nfO{ s;/L lrGg ;S5f}+ t < Pp6} af6f] xf]– æcWoIf dfcf]sf s[ltx? k9\g], pxf“sf lzIffx?nfO{ u|x0f ug]{ / pxf“sf] lgb]{zgdf sfd ug]{ .Æ
dfcf]T;]t'ª
ljrf/wf/f jt{dfg o'udf dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbsf] r/d pTsif{ (acme) xf], of]
o;sf] p“rfOdf hLp“bf] dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb xf] . sd/]8 dfcf]T;]t'ªsf] l;4fGt
/ Jojxf/ cfsfzdf ;"o{ / rGb|sf] lg/Gt/ rfn (Ceaseless moment) ;“u
t'ngf ug{ ;lsG5, ;+;f/sf gbLsf] cGToxLg k|jfx;“u / vf]nfx?;“u t'ngf ug{
;lsG5 . sd/]8 dfcf]T;]t'ªsf s[ltx? xfd|f ;a} sfo{x?sf nflu ;jf]{Rr
lgb]{zsx? x'g\ . dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb / ;+zf]wgjfb aLr qmflGt /
k|ltqmflGtaLrsf] ;Ldf/]vf (Demarcation) olb s;}n] dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/åf/f :jLsf/ u5{ /
o;cg'?k sfo{ u5{ eg] Toxf“ nfu" x'G5 .
xfdLx?n]
of] ;a}nfO{ dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/fnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ubf{ d~h'/L (Endorse) u5f}{ /
;dy{g u5f}{ . xfdL lge{osf ;fy ltgsf lj?4 ;ª\3if{{ ug{ ;S5f} / hf];'s}nfO{
klg ºof“Sg ;S5f}, h;n] dfcf]T;]t'ªsf] ljrf/sf] lj/f]w u5{g\, pgLx? hlt;'s}
pkNnf] cf]xbfdf xf]pmg\ jf pgsf] hlt;'s} 7"nf] …k|lzl4Ú (‘fame') /
…clwsf/Ú (‘authority') g} lsg
gxf];\, o;n] s]xL km/s kfg]{ 5}g .
a'h'{cfsf
k|ltlglwx?, h;n] kf6L{leq ;'?ªx? vf]n]sf 5g\, Pp6f dxfk'?if h:tf] b]lvgsf]
nflu . cem} klg, lgisif{df, ;a} k|ltlqmofjfbLx? h:t}, ltgLx? s]jn sfuhL
af3x? x'g\ .
dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f :6]l/ª / u]o/ xf] / dhb'/x?, ls;fgx? / l;kfxLx? ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtdf k|d'v zlQm x'g\ . o:tf] ePs} x'gfn] g} xfdLx?n] ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtdf x/]s k|sf/sf /fIf;nfO{ lglZrt k/flht ug{ ;S5f} / ljho kl5 ljho xfl;n ug{ ;S5f}+ .
ljå]ifk"j{s
(maliciously) pNnf;sf
;fy (Gleefully) 3/leq
hdLGbf/x?, wgL ls;fgx? k|ltqmflGtsf/Lx?, s'tTjx? (Bad
elements) / blIf0fkGyLx? / aflx/ ;fd|fHojfbL tyf ;+zf]wgjfbLn]
;f]R5g\ ls ha xfdLx?n] kf6L{ lj/f]wL ætLg kl/jf/ ufp“Æ (“three-family village”) Uofªsf]
kbf{kmf; (Unmasking) /
cfnf]rgf (Critilizing) ubf{
ltgLx?n] s]xL kmfObf p7fpg ;S5g\ . xfdLx?n] 3/leqsf tyf ;d'b|kf/sf
k|ltlqmofjfbLx?nfO{ of] eGg' 5 ls ltgLx? Pp6f uwf (Ass) hlQs}
d"v{ 5g\ . kf6L{–lj/f]wL …tLg–kl/jf/ ufp“Ú sf] kbf{kmf; ug'{sf] c;nL
p2]Zo ltgLx?nfO{ cfnf]rgfsf] ljifo agfP/ / xfd|f] kf6L{leq / b]zleqsf ltgLx?sf
bnfn (Agent) x?nfO{
lgld6\ofGg kfg{ ;a} /fIf;x?nfO{ a9f/]/ ldNsfpg / Tof] æ6fOd adÆ (“time bomb”), h;dfly
ltdLn] e/f];f u/]sf 5f}, To;nfO{ x/fpg' xf] . h;} dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts
qmflGt ulx/fOdf k'Ub5, xfdLx?n] dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/fnfO{ cem} b[9tfsf ;fy
b]zJofkL ?kdf hgtfx?sf] dfemdf cf/f]k0f (Implant) ug]{ 5f}+ / ;+zf]wgjfb / tL
;a}, h;n] k'“hLjfbsf] k'g:yf{kgfnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ 5g\, tL ;a}sf s'/fx?
k"0f{tM vg]/ lgsfNg] 5f}+ . Oltxf;n] ltdL l;NnL–uwfx?nfO{ lgd{dtfsf
;fy pkxf; ug]{ 5 .
3/leqsf
/ ;d'b|kf/sf k|ltlqmofjfbLx? em'7 (lie) nfO{
km}nfp“b} 5g\ ls xfdLx?n] ;a} a'l4hLjLx?nfO{ cfqmd0f ul//x]sf 5f}+ . of]
asjf; dfq xf] . lrlgof“ dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt d'¶Le/sf b'i6 (evils) dflg;x?
hf] ;fDojfbsf] ;fOgjf]8{ em'08\ofP/ o;sf] k5fl8af6 sDo'lgi6 lj/f]wL tf/x?
3'dfO/x]sf 5g\, ltg}sf lj?4 lgb]{lzt 5, of] d'¶Le/sf kf6L{ lj/f]wL,
;dfhjfb–lj/f]wL / k|ltqmflGtsf/L a'h'{cf a'l4hLjLx?sf lj?4 lgb]{lzt 5 .
k'/fgf] ;dfhaf6 cfPsf 7"nf] ;ª\Vofsf] a'l4hLjLx? ;DaGwL xfd|f] gLlt
pgLx?;“u Pstf ug'{ xf], k|lzlIft ug'{ xf] / ltgLx?nfO{ gof“ ;f“rf]df 9fNg' xf]
/ o;sf nflu ;j{xf/f a'l4hLjLsf] kª\lQmx? lg/Gt/ ?kdf dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts
qmflGtsf] af6f]df cl3 al9/x]sf 5g\ . qmflGtsf/L hgtf, dfcf]T;]t'ª
ljrf/wf/fsf] cfwf/df cem a9L 3lgi7 ?kn] uf]naGb xf]cf}+ .
dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/sf] dxfg\ /ftf] em08f / ;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf] dxfg\ /ftf] em08fnfO{ dfly p7fP/ ljholt/ cl3 a9f}+ .
dxfg\
;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts qmflGt lhGbfjfb †
cg'jfbs–sdn,-…dxfg\ ;j{xf/f;f“:s[lts qmflGtÚ af6 cg'lbt_