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!= b]zdf xfn} ljsl;t /fhg}lts
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/fhfsf] s7k'tnL yfkf ;/sf/sf]
/fhLgfdf / csf]{ s7k'tnL ;/sf/sf] vf]hL -h'g oL k+lQm k|sflzt x'g] a]nf;Dd
k"/f ePsf] x'g;S5_ sf] jt{dfg 36gfqmdn] b]zdf ljBdfg zfxL ;}lgs
kmfl;jfbsf] ?kdf cleJoQm ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztfjfbsf] r/d ;+s6 / lj36g k|lqmofnfO{
;+s]t ub{5 . d'VotM ut ;jf cf7 jif{sf] qmflGtsf/L hgo'¢sf] kl/0ffd :j?k
k"0f{ lj36g / ljgf;sf] ;+3f/df k'u]sf] k'/fgf] cw{–;fdGtL tyf
cw{–cf}klgj]l;s /fhtGqfTds ;Qfn] cfÎgf] cfo' nDJofpg] ;/sf/sf] jflx/L :j?kdf
;fdfGo km]/jbn ug{ vf]Hg' s'g} cgf}7f] s'/f xf]Og . k|mfG;]nL qmflGtb]lv
xfd|f] cfÎg} b]zsf ljutsf 36gfqmdx?nfO{ x]bf{ 9Ng} nfu]sf] k'/fgf] ;Qfn] clGtd
38Ldf ;d]t s]xL >+[uf/fTds kl/jt{g u/]/ cfÎgf] cfo' nDJofpg] k|oTg
ub{5 . t/ j:t'ut ?kn] leq}jf6 hh{/ e};s]sf] k'/fgf] /fHo;+/rgfnfO{ 6fn6'n]
;'wf/n] dfq arfO/fVg' ;Dej x'“b}g . g]kfndf klg ca hlt;'s} ;txL kl/jt{g /
;'wf/sf] e|d 5g{ vf]Hg] klg k'/fgf] ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztfjfbL ;QfnfO{ l6sfpg lsdfy{
;Dej 5}g . ;Dk"0f{ u|fdL0f If]qnfO{ d'Qm ul/;s]sf] qmflGtsf/L
hgo'¢sf] k|lqmofdf s]xL ;do otf ;+;bjfbL zlQmx?sf] zx/d'vL hg;+3if{sf] k|lqmof
;d]t ylkPkl5 zfxL ;]gfsf] andf l6s]sf] lg/+s'z /fhtGq tLj| j]udf ktgsf] lbzflt/
pGd'v e}/x]sf] 5 . To;}n] ca b]zdf sd;]sd a'h{'jf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf]
:yfkgf ljgf of] ;+/rgfTds ;+s6sf] s'g} ;dfwfg ;Dej 5}g .
@= tkfO{x?n] 3f]if0ff ug{'ePsf]
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lbg] cfd x8\tfn /fVgfn] hgtfdf cfly{s ef/ k/]sf] egfO{nfO{ s;/L lng'x'G5 <
g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_, hgd'lQm
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r/0fsf] /fhg}lts x8\tfn / oftfoft tyf cfly{s gfsfjGbL nufotsf ;+3if{sf
sfo{qmdx? c;fWo} k|efjsf/L ?kn] cufl8 j9L /x]sf 5g\ . k'/fgf]
k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qf ca lhNnf ;b/d'sfdx? / zxl/of If]qdf dfq s]lGb«t x'g k'u]sf]n]
;+3if{sf] s]Gb«ljGb' klg cj qmdzM zx/lt/ ;b}{ hfg' :jfefljs 5 . clxn];Dd
d'VotM ufp“ / ls;fgx?n] p7fp“b} cfPsf] ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztfjfb lj/f]wL ;+3if{sf]
af]em ca s]xL ;do zx/ / Toxf“sf cGo k|ultzLn ju{x?n] ;d]t p7fpg' kg]{
x'G5 . gof“ lzz'sf] hGd lglDt cfdfx?n] k|;jj]bgf ;xg' k/] em}+ ef]lnsf]
nf]stflGqs, ;d'Ggt / zflGtk"0f{ ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f lglDt s]xL ;do xfd|f
zx/jf;L ldqx?n] klg cfly{s nufot cGo b'Mvsi6x? em]Ng} kg]{ x'G5 . ;w}+
;fdGtL lg/+s'ztfjfbsf] h'jf d'lg lklN;P/ a:g] ls Ifl0fs si6 ;x]/ Tof] bf;tfaf6
;w}sf] lglDt d'Qm x'g] eGg] clxn]sf] cxd\ k|Zg xf] . lg/+s'z /fhtGq cGtu{t
b]z r/d u/LjL, j]/f]huf/L, cNkljsf;, k/fwLgtf, c;dfgtf / 6f6kN6fOsf] cj:yfdf
hsl8b} cfPsf] tYonfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ d'VotM xfd|f zx/s]lGb«t dWojtL{ tKsfsf
hg;d'bfon] s]xL ;dosf] c;'ljwfnfO{ ;xg u/]/ nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngnfO{ k"0f{
?kn] ;fy lbg]5g\ eGg] xfdLnfO{ k"0f{ ljZjf; 5 . ;fy} jf/Djf/sf]
x8\tfnjf6 jfSs lbSs x'g nfu]sf] hg;d'bfonfO{ xfdL s] cfu|x ub{5f}+ eg] Pp6f
zfxL kl/jf/sf] hglj/f]wL / /fi6«3ftL x7n] s/f]8f}+ hgtfnfO{ b'Mv lbO/x]sf]
x'“bf To;sf lj?¢ ca ;j} Ps};fy h¥ofs\h'?s p7f}+ / /fhtGqnfO{ lgd'{n kf/f}+ tfls
xfdLn] eljiodf c? x8\tfnx?sf] c;'ljwf j]xf]g{ gk/f];\ .
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;+;bjfbL;“u ldn]/ p7fg ug{ ;ls+b}g lyof] / <
b]zdf ;Rrf nf]stGq, zflGt /
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eGg] s'/f @))& ;fnb]lvsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;n] k'li6 ul/;s]sf]
5 . To;}n] qmflGtsf/L hgjfbL / ;+;bjfbL zlQmx?sf] ;femf b'Zdg /fhtGq g}
ePsf] s'/fdf s'g} z+sf /xb}g . km]l/ klg jt{dfg ;fd|fHojfbL ljZjsf] j:t'ut
kl/l:ylt / xfd|f] cfÎg} hgjfbL cfGbf]ngsf] P]ltxfl;s ljlzi6tfsf] sf/0fn] ;fdGtL
lg/+s'ztfjfbL /fhtGqsf lj?¢ ;a} vfn] nf]stflGqs zlQmx?sf] ;+o'Qm jf PsLs[t
cfGbf]ng l;h{gf ug{ ;Dej eO/x]sf] 5}g . xfd|f] kf6L{n] s]xL ;do otf
Oltxf;jf6 kf7 l;s]/ nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] Go"gtd ;femf sfo{qmddf ;+;bjfbL
zlQmx?;+u ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ng ;+rfng ug]{ k|:tfj cl3 ;fb}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;+;bjfbL
kf6L{x?sf] g]t[Tj / pgLx?sf ljb]zL k[i7kf]ifsx?n] cem} o;jf/] cfgfsfgL u/] klg
tL kf6L{sf clwsf+z sfo{stf{x?, o'jf–ljBfyL{x? / gful/s ;dfhsf] 7"nf] tKsf
/fhtGqlj?¢ ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngsf] kIfdf ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . To;}n] s]xL ;dob]lv
cfTdut lx;fjn] 5'§f5'§} ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx? 3f]if0ff eP klg j:t'ut ?kdf tL
b'j}sf] jLrdf tfnd]n jf PsLs/0f x'“b} uPsf] ;j}n] cg'e"t ul//x]5g\ .
o;jf6 cflQPsf /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o zlQmx?n] if8\oGq u/]/ o;df c? km"6
kfg{ ;kmn ePgg\ eg] cfufdL lbgdf /fhtGqlj/f]wL ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ng ;zQm aGb} hfg]
ck]Iff ug{ ;lsG5 .
$= ;+;bjfbL / /fhfaLr ;xdlt
sfod u/]/ km]l/ tkfO{x?sf lj?¢ n8\g] ;Defjgf slQsf] b]Vg'x'G5 <
juL{o ;dfhdf /fhg}lts kf6L{ /
zlQmx?n] lglZrt juL{o b[li6sf]0f / juL{o :jfy{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ x'gfn] Tof]
juL{o 3]/f eGbf jflx/ hfg pgLx? :jtGq / ;Ifd x'“b}gg\ . To; lx;fjn]
g]kfndf klg k/Dk/fut ?kdf /fhtGq, ;+;bjfbL bnx? / sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf/Lx?n] qmdzM
;fdGt ju{, k'“lhklt ju{ / ;j{xf/f ju{sf] d'Vo k|ltlglwTj ub}{ cfO/x]sf
5g\ . t/ jt{dfg ;fd|fHojfbL ljZj kl/j]z / xfd|f] cfÎg} cw{–;fdGtL tyf
cw{–cf}klgj]l;s b]zLo ;Gbe{df ;fdflhs juL{o ljefhg zf:qLo 9+un] ;':ki6 5}g /
/fhg}lts zlQmx?sf] juL{o w/ftn klg ldl>t / cl:y/ k|sf/sf] /xg] u/]sf]
5 . To;}n] ljutdf /fhf, ;+;bjfbL kf6L{x? / sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf/Lx? jLrsf]
lqkIfLo ;DjGw c;fWo} h6Ln, c:yL/ / cGof]nk"0f{ /xg] u/]sf] 5 . t/
ljut ;jf cf7 jif{sf] qmflGtsf/L hgo'¢sf] kl/0ffd :j?k b]zsf] juL{o jgf]6 /
juL{o w|'jLs/0fdf dxTjk"0f{ km]/jbn cfPsf] 5 . kmn:j?k ;fdGt / gf]s/
zfxL k'”lhklt ju{sf] d'Vo k|ltlqmofjfbL tKsf zfxL ;]gf ;lxtsf] /fhtGq d'lg
uf]njGb x'g k'u]sf] 5 eg] juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, ln+uLo pTkL8gdf /x]sf] dWojtL{
ju{sf] 7"nf] tKsf sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf/Lx?;+u Pstfj¢ x'“b} uPsf] 5 .
;fy} k|ltlqmofjfbL ju{sf] Pp6f tKsf / dWojtL{ ju{sf] Pp6f c+z cem} klg ;+;bjfbL
kf6L{x?;+u /x]sf] 5 . of] l:yltdf ;+;bjfbL zlQmx?;+u /x]sf] k|ltlqmofjfbL
tKsfn] /fhtGq;+usf] Pstfdf hf]8 lbg' / csf]{ k|ultzLn tKsfn] sDo'lgi6
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juL{o zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] gof“ cj:yfdf ;Dk"0f{ ;+;bjfbL zlQm /fhtGq;+u ldn]/
sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf/Lx? lj?¢ vlgg' cj j:t'ut ?kn] ;Dej b]lvb}g . ljutdf Tof]
k|of; c;kmn e};s]sf] xf] . km]l/ klg ;+;bjfbL zlQmx?sf] Pp6f tKsfn] To:tf]
d”v{tf ug{ ;S5 / To;f] ePdf p;sf] lgolt cGo k|ltlqmofjfbLx?sf] h:t} x'g] lglZrt
5 .
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s] x'g;S5 <
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hGdg] gf]s/zfxL k'”lhjfbsf] k|ltqmflGtsf/L rl/q / To;sf] e”ne”n}ofdf kg]{
;+;bjfbL zlQmx?sf] sdhf]/Lsf] sf/0fn] ;+;bjfbL zlQmx?sf] Pp6f tKsf /fhtGqk|lt
;Ddf]lxt geO{ /xg ;Sb}g . vfzu/L pGgfO;f}+ ztfJbLdf ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] o'u
z'? ePb]lv g} k'”lhklt ju{sf] Pp6f tKsfn] ;fdGtjfb;+u ;Demf}tf ug{ z'? u/]sf]
xf] / To;}j]nfb]lv ;fdGtjfblj/f]wL k'”lhjfbL hgjfbL qmflGtsf] g]t[Tj ;d]t
;j{xf/fju{n] ug{‘ kg]{ cjwf/0ff cl3 cfPsf] xf] . xfd|f] h:tf] cw{–;fdGtL
tyf cw{–cf}klgj]l;s kl/j]zdf sdhf]/ k'”lhklt ju{n] ;fdGtL /fhtGqjf6 jf/Djf/
wf]sf vf”bf klg p;sf] cufl8 3'”8f 6]Sg g5f]8\g' To; lx;fjn] s'g} cgf}7f] s'/f
xf]Og .
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c;f]h !* sf] 36gfkl5 /fhsLo ;Qf
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ln+usf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ / gof“ zlQm ;Gt'ngnfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ gof“ ;+ljwfg clgjfo{
ePsf] s'/f ;+;bjfbL zlQmx?nfO{ :jLsfg{ s/} nfU5 . ;+;bjfbL zlQmx?sf]
7"nf] tKsfn] ;d]t k'/fgf] ;+ljwfg d[t e};s]sf] tYo :jLsfl/;s]sf] l:yltdf
cj gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ s'/f t s'g} ljjfbsf] ljifo x'g} ;Sb}g . kf”r
kf6L{x?sf] !*–j'”b] sfo{qmd, Pdfn]sf] /f]8Dofk / g]kfnL sf+u|];n] kl5Nnf]
r/0fdf cl3 ;f/]sf] …/fhsLo ;Qf / ;fj{ef}d;Qf k"0f{ ?kn] hgtfdf :yflkt
ug]{Ú gf/fsf] cGt/lglxt cfzo / ;f/ klg gof“ ;+ljwfg g} xf] eGg] xfdLn] j'em]sf
5f}+ . vfln gof“ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmof s:tf] x'g] / To;sf] gof“
cGt/j:t' s] x'g] eGg] dfq} clxn] /fhf, ;+;bjfbL zlQm / sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf/Lx?jLr
tTsfn ljjfbsf] ljifo xf] . o; ;Gbe{df xfdLn] ut jftf{sf] bf}/fg cl3
;f/]sf] ljlw / cGt/j:t' g} jt{dfg zlQm ;Gt'ngnfO{ ;xL k|ltlglwTj ug]{ / cu|ufdL
lgsf; lbg] Go”gtd ;xdltsf] ljifo x'g;S5 eGg] xfdLnfO{ cem} klg ljZjf; 5 .
&= ;+;bjfbLx? cfÎgf]
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zf;gsf] ;defjgf slQsf] b]Vg'x'G5 <
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h]7sf] b/jf/ xTofsf08sf] j]nfb]lv / k|ToIf ?kn] @)%* d+;L/df zfxL ;]gf kl/rfng
eP kl5 lg/Gt/ ?kdf sfod} 5 lg p slyt cfkftsfnsf] 3f]if0ff ;dfKt eP kl5 klg
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] Jojxfl/s ;+rfng zfxL ;]gfn] g} ul/xfNg' / clxn] yfkf ;/sf/n]
/flhgfdf lbP kl5 klg zfxL ;]gfn] b}lgs ?kdf ug]{ bh{gf}+sf] xTof, n'6kf6,
jnfTsf/sf] 36gfdf sdL cfpg' ;§f j9\b} hfg'n] b]zdf ljBdfg zfxL ;}lgs clwgfosjfb
jf/] s'g} e|d kfNg' kg]{ cj:y} 5}g . of] l:ylt sfod /x];Dd /fhfn] l;w}
;}lgs zf;gsf] 3f]if0ff ug{‘ jf gug{‘ / zfxL ;]gfn] g} /fhfnfO{ x6fP/ cfÎgf]
xftdf k|ToIf zf;g lng' jf glng'sf] s'g} tflTjs cGt/ /x”b}g .
*= cd]l/sfn] xfn} tkfO{+x?sf]
kf6L{nfO{ cftÍsf/Lsf] ;”rLdf bh{ u/fpg'n] s] ;+s]t u5{ < st} cd]l/sf g]kfndf
tTsfn} ;]gf ptfg]{ of]hgfdf t 5}g <
cfkm}+ ljZjsf] Ps gDj/
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cft+sjfbLsf] ;”rLdf /fVg' xf:of:kb s'/f xf] . xfn} g]kfndf ePsf] g]kfn
ljsf; d~rsf] j}7sdf pkl:yt ljb]zL ;/sf/ / cGt/f{li6«o ;+3–;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?n]
;j{;Ddltn] kfl/t u/]sf] b:tfj]hdf xfdLnfO{ …cft+sjfbLÚ sf] ;§f …ljb«f]xLÚ eGg'
/ b]zsf tLg k|d'v /fhg}lts zlQmdWo] Ps eg]/ dfGotf lbg jfWo x'g'n] cd]l/sL j'z
k|zf;gsf] xfdL dflysf] cf/f]k ljZjdf :jtM lg:t]h / c:jLs[t x'g k'u]sf] 5 .
hxf”;Dd g]kfndf cd]l/sL ;}Go x:tIf]ksf] s'/f 5, Tof] t s]xL jif{ b]lv ljljw ?kdf
x'“b} cfO/x]sf] ;j}nfO{ yfxf 5 . c/jf}+ ?lkof” j/fj/sf cTofw'lgs xftxltof/
lbg] b]lv lnP/ ;of}+ cd]l/sL ;}lgs k|lzIfs / u'Ktr/x? zfxL ;]gfsf Jof/]sx?df
lgoldt ?kdf b]vf kg{‘ / cd]l/sL u'?of]hgf cg';f/ g} k|ltqmflGtsf/L ;}Go cleofg
;+rfng e}/xg'nfO{ ;}lgs x:tIf]k geg]/ c? s] eGg ldN5 t < cd]l/sfn] k]?,
sf]nlDjof, lkmlnlkG; cflbsf] qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ng lj?¢ ckgfp”b} cfPsf] ljlw g}
oxL xf] . o; jfx]s xfn O/fsdf g/fd|/L km:b} uPsf] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn]
tTsfn g]kfndf cGo k|sf/sf] ;}lgs x:tIf]k unf{ h:tf] xfdLnfO{ nfUb}g .
lsgls g]kfndf cd]l/sL ;}Go pkl:ylt cGttM rLg / ef/tsf] ;d]t rf;f]sf] ljifo jGg]
ePsfn] ;du| If]qLo zlQm ;Gt'ngnfO{ Wofg glbO{ cd]l/sfn] c? yk d”v{tf ug{‘
p;}sf] lglDt k|To'Tkfbs x'g]5 .
(= ef/tdf /fli6«o hgtflGqs
u7aGwg ;/sf/sf] 7fp”df sf+u|];L u7aGwgsf] ;/sf/ aGg] ;Defjgf 5 . ef/tdf
;/sf/ kl/jt{gn] g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf s:tf] k|efj kfnf{ <
ef/t / g]kfn jLr ltg lt/jf6 v'nf ;Ldfgf ePsf]
/ cfly{s / ;fdflhs n]gb]g ;DjGw ;d]t pNn]Vo ePsf] sf/0fn] ef/tdf x'g] /fhgLlts
kl/jt{gn] s;}n] rfx]/ jf grfx]/ klg g]kfndf s]xL c;/ cjZo ub{5 . km]l/ klg
jt{dfg r'gfj kl5 ef/tsf] ;Qfwf/L ju{ leq}jf6 lxGb" s§/kGyL ef=h=kf=sf]
g]t[Tjsf] u7jGwgsf] ;§f j9L wd{lg/k]IftfjfbL sf+u|];sf] g]t[Tjsf] u7jGwg
;/sf/df hf”b}df Toxf”sf] ljb]z gLltdf 7"nf] kl/jt{g eg] cfpg] ;Defjgf
5}g . vfzu/L g]kfn k|ltsf] ef/tLo zf;sju{sf] gLlt g]x?sf] kfnfb]lv cIf'00f
sfod /xb} cfPsf] x'”bf To;df tTsfn s'g} u'0ffTds kl/jt{gsf] ck]Iff ug{‘
j:t'jfbL x'“b}g . t}klg ef/tsf lxGb" s§/kGyLx?jf6 …lxGb" ;d|f6Ú
sf] vf]qmf] kbjL wf/0f ug]{ / To;jfkt xfn}sf] r'gfjdf ef=h=kf= nfO{ rfnL; s/f]8
?lkof“ rGbf lbg] g]kfnL /fhtGqnfO{ clxn]sf] ef/tsf] ;/sf/ kl/jt{gn] s]xL
k|lts"n dgf]j}1flgs c;/ cjZo kfg{ ;S5 . ;Fy} k/Dk/fut ?kdf sf+u|];
eGbf lj=h]=kL= j9L cd]l/sfk/:t ePsfn] of] ;/sf/ kl/jt{gn] cd]l/sf, ef/t / g]kfnaLrsf]
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