cTofw'lgs xltof/ / o'4 ;fdu|L sAhf
tLglbg leq} 8]9 bh{g zfxL ;]gfs]f d[To'
gf/fo0fu9÷ sf7df08f}+ pkTosf k”j{sf] bf]nvfdf zfxL ;]gfn]
hgd'lQm ;]gfs]f sfjf{xLdf 7'nf] IftL a]xf]/]sf] tLg lbg glaTb} sf7df8f}+
pkTosfsf] klZrddf To:t} 7'nf] IFtL a]xf]g'{ k/]sf] 5 . lo b'j} le8Gtdf zfxL
;]gfn] cfkm\gf 8]9 bh{g hjfgx? u'dfPsf] 5 eg] bh{gf}+ cTofw'lgs xftxltof/ /
dxTjk"0f{ o'4 ;fdu|L hgd'lQm ;]gfn] sAhf u/]sf] 5 .
k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ wflbªsf ljleGg ufp“df hgbdgdf lg:s]sf]
zfxL ;]gf / hgd'lQm ;]gf aLr wflbªsf] hf]uLdf/f uf=lj=;= x'UbLdf d+unjf/ ck/fGx
# b]lv #M#) ;Dd leif0f bf]xf]/f] le8Gt ePsf] 5 . cTofw'lgs xltof/ ;lxt zfxL
;]gfn] ofqf ul//x]sf tLgj6f uf8Ldfly hgd'lQm ;]gfn] xdnf u/]sf lyP . of]
sfjf{xLdf & hgf zfxL ;]gfsf hjfg, Ps hgf k|x/L OG:k]S6/ / ! k|x/L hjfgsf] d[To'
ePsf] 5 eg] zfxL ;]gf / k|x/Lsf s]xL hjfgx?n] lqz'nL xfd kmfn]sf 5g\ . xfd
kmfNg]x?sf] l:ylt cem}+ ;Dd yfxf ePsf] 5}g . 36gf:yndf bh{gf}+ ;/sf/L ;}lgsx?
3fO{t] ePsf 5g\ . hgd'lQm ;]gf tkm{ Ps ;b:o 3fO{t] ePsf] jf;':d[lt rf}yf]
lj|u]8n] hgfPsf] 5 .
jf;':d[lt rf}yf] lj|u]8sf sld;f/ s= anb]j a'wjf/ Ps jQmJo
hf/L ub}{ pQm 36gfsf] lhDd]jf/L lng'ePsf] 5 . jQmJodf % yfg OG;f; /fO{kmn, !
yfg P;=Pn=cf/, ! yfg #–)–#, @ yfg P;=Pd=hL=, ! yfg dfph/, !% yfg @Æ df]6f{/sf
;]nx?, !# yfg lu|g]6 / @) yfg Pn=Pd=hL=sf] DofUhLg of] sfjf{xLaf6 hgd'lQm
;]gfn] k|fKt u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . aQmJodf s= anb]jn] pQm sfjf{xLsf sdf08/ s=
k|ltIFf, sldzf/ s= s'df/, / ;b:ox?nfO{ awfO{ 1fkg ug'{ePsf] 5 . /, 3fO{t]
of]4fsf] :jf:Yonfesf] sfdgf ug'{ePsf] 5 . jQmJosf] cGtdf pxf“n] u|fdL0f ju{o'4
/ zx/Lof hgcfGbf]ngaf6 9Ng} cf“6]sf] ;fdGtL zfxL ;Qfsf lj?4 cem ;zQm / lg0ff{os
;+3if{ clgjfo{ / ckl/xfo{ aGg uPsf] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
k|:t't 5 jQmJosf] k"0f{kf7
– æoxL a}zfv @( ut] d+unjf/ wflbË lhNnfsf] hf]ludf/f uf=lj=;=sf]
x'UbL vf]nfdf hgbdgdf lg:s]sf] zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfs]f xTof/f] bndfly af;':d[tL
kmf]y{ la|u]8sf] ;]n]S6]8 kmf];{n] cfsl:ds xdnf u/]sf] 5 . # j6f uf8Ldf cfPsf
b'Zdg dfly ck/fGx # ah] cfqmd0f ubf{ #M#) df # j6} uf8L Wj:t eP . of] xdnfdf !
hgf k|x/L lg/LIfs, ! hgf k|x/L hjfg / & hgf zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] 36gf:ynd}
d[To' eof] . bh{gf}+ zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gf 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . pQm sfjf{xLaf6 hgd'lQm
;]gfn] % yfg OG;f; /fOkmn, ! yfg P;=Pn=cf/, ! yfg #–)–#, ! yfg dfph/, @ j6f
P;=Pd=hL=, @Æ df]6f;{ ;]n !% yfg, lu|g]6 !# yfg / Pn=Pd=hL sf DofUhLg @) yfg ;lxt
dxTjk"0f{ o'4 ;fdu|L sAhf u/]sf] 5 .
of] sfjf{xLsf] sdf08 xfd|f] lj|u]8 le=l;= s= k|ltIFf /
l;=l;=Pd= tyf la=Pg= sld;f/ s= s'df/n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . of]] le8Gtdf hgd'lQm
;]gf tkm{ ! hgf sd/]8 3fO{t] x'g'ePsf] 5 . o;afx]s xfd|f] ;}Go k+lQmdf s'g} klg
dfgljo / ef}lts IFtL ePsf] 5}g . o; sfjf{xLn] k'gM Ps6 k6s hgd'lQm ;]gfs]f o'4
sf}zn, cfqmfds sfo{z}nL, zfxf; / rft'o{ /0fsf}znsf] >f]i7tfnfO{ k|dfl0ft
ul/lbPsf] 5 . ca u|fdL0f ju{o'4 / zx/Lof hgcfGbf]ngaf6 9Ng} cf“6]sf] ;fdGtL
zfxL ;Qfsf lj?4 cem ;zQm / lg0ff{os ;+3if{ clgjfo{ / ckl/xfo{ aGg uPsf] 5 .
cGTodf o'4df]rf{df lj/tfk"j{s lj|u]8sf] of]hgfnfO{
Hofgsf] afhL nufP/ sfof{Gjog ug][ sdf08/ ;]gfgL, sldzf/, ;+u7s, hgd'lQm;]gf
x?dfqmflGtsf/L nfn ;nfd ;xLt wGojfb 1fkg ug{ rfxG5' / 3fOt] sd/]8sf]
;'–:jf:Yosf] sfdgf ub{5' .
anb]j
sld;f/
klZrd sdf08 l8lehg cGtu{t
af;':d[lt rf}yf] la|u]8
u08sÆ
d}gf kf]v/Ldf hg;]gfnfO{
7"nf] ;kmntf
hgsk'/÷ ;fj{hlgs ;jf/L ;fwg sAhf u/]/ dfcf]jfbL lj?4
ck|];gdf lqmoflzn rfnL; hgfsf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf] zfxL ;]gf / k|x/Lsf] b:tf hgd'lQm
;]gf;“usf] le8Gtdf k"0f{?kdf k/flht ePsf] 5 . ut a}zfv !) ut]
bf]nvfsf] d}gfgkf]v/Ldf uf8Ldf u:tL ul//x]sf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;'/IffsdL{sf]
kmf];{;“u ePsf] bf]xf]/f] le8Gtdf ( hgf zfxL ;]gf / ! k|x/L u/L !) hgfsf]
d[To" ePsf] 5 eg] hgd'lQm ;]gfn] dxTjk"0f{ o'4 ;fdu|L sAhfdf NofPsf
5g\ . hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] kfrf} lju|]8 sfof{non] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ pQm
le8Gtaf6 hgof]4fx?n] PnPdhL Ps yfg, PnPdhLsf] a'n]6 !#%$ yfg, DofUhLg !# yfg,
OG;f; /fOkmn % yfg, To;sf] a'n]6 !#^) yfg / DofUhLg !% yfg, P;Pncf/ $ yfg, P;PdhL
! yfg, To;sf] a'n]6 @(# yfg / DofUhLg ^ yfg, y|L g6 y|L /fOkmn ! yfg / To;sf]
uf]nL !@(@, Pd#^ u|Lg]8 $ yfg, 6' OGr df]6f{/ ;]n $ yfgnufotsf o'4;fdu|L sAhf
u/]sf 5g\ . hgd'lQm ;]gf;“usf] k/fhoaf6 ltlNdnfPsf] k'/fgf] ;Qfn] pQm
le8Gtsf] oyfy{ ;fj{hlgs ug]{ cf“6 ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g\ .
pQm 36gfdf ;j{;fwf/0f r9]sf] a;dfly 5fkfdf/n] cfqmd0f
u/]sf] eGg] unt k|rf/ u/]/ zfxL ;]gf / k|x/Ln] hj{h:tL ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ dfgj
9fnsf] ?kdf k|of]u u/]sf] s'/fnfO{ k"/} n'sfpg] b':k|of; u/]sf] 5 .
pQm le8Gtsf] qmddf a;df ofqf/t Ps ofq'n] hgfb]znfO{ lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/
ofq'x? r9]sf] a; zfxL ;]gfn] hj{h:tL sAhf u/L cfkm\gf] $) hgfsf] kmf];{ To;}df
/fv]/ dfcf]jfbL la?4sf] ck/]zgdf k|of]u u/]sf] lyof] . bf]nvf sfa|]
ufh;sf] d}gfkf]v/L ahf/g]/ hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] r]skf]i6df hg;]gfn] pQm uf8L /f]s]/
hf“r ug{ vf]Hb} ubf{ PSsf;L zfxL ;]gfn] a;leq}af6 klxn] kmfo/ u/] . To;kl5
nuftf/ # k6s;Dd a;leq}af6 kmfo/ ul/of] h;sf sf/0f hg;]gfsf Ps of]4f 3fOt] ;d]t
x'g k'u] . tt\kZtft glur} /x]sf] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] kmf];{n] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf
z'/IffsdL{ r9]sf] pQm a;nfO{ 3]/fdf kf/\of] / cfkm"x?n] 3]/fdf kf/]sf]
hfgsf/L lbb} a;sf :6fkm tyf a;leq sf]xL ;j{;fwf/0f /x]sf] eP tTsfn aflx/ lg:sg
cfAxfg ub}{ xltof/ a'emfO{ cfTd;d{k0f{ ug]{ z'/IffsdL{ pk/ klg s'g} xdnf gx'g]
hfgsf/L lbP . To;} avt s]xL z'/IffsdL{x?n] ;j{;fwf/0fn] nufPsf n'ufx?
hj{h:tL sAhf u/]/ cfkm}n] nufO{ a;af6 lg:s]/ efu] eg] s]xLn] leq/x]sf
;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ lg:sg g} lbPgg\ . sltko hgtf eg] lg:sg ;kmn eP .
a;leqaf6 k'g zfxL ;]gfn] ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ dfgj9fn agfO{ cGwfw'Gw kmfol/ª ug{
yfn]kl5 hgd'lQm ;]gfn] k|ltsf/df :jrflnt xltof/ / lu|g]8 k|xf/ ug{ yfn] .
s]xL a]/sf] le8Gt kZtft\ hgd'lQm ;]gfn] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] z'/Iff kmf];{nfO{
k"0f{ ?kdf k/flht ub}{ dxTjk"0f{ xft xltof/ / o'4;fdu|L sAhf
u/] .
;f] 36gfdf zfxL ;]gfn] dfgj9fn agfPsf ^ hgf
;j{;fwf/0fsf] d[To" ePsf]df dfcf]jfbLn] ulx/f] b'Mv k|s6 u/]sf] 5 .
le8Gtdf ;j{;fwf/0f gk?g eg]/ lautb]lv g} cfkm"x?n] ;]gf / k|x/L r9]sf
uf8Ldf gr9\g hg;d'bfodf cfAxfg ub}{ cfPsf] hgfpb} cfOGbf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf
z'/IffsdL{ r9]sf uf8Ldf s'g} xfntdf gr9\g k'gM cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . pQm 36gfsf]
oyfy{ 5fgljg g} gu/L sltko klqsf / ;+3;+:yfn] dfcf]jfbLsf sf/0f ;j{;fwf/0f
k/]sf] elg u/]sf] k|rf/k|lt hgd'lQm ;]gf kfrf} lau|]8 sdf08/ k|df]bn] cfkQL
hgfpg' ePsf] 5 . pxf“n] ;j{;fwf/0f kg'{df k"0f{?kn] hj{h:tL
;j{;fwf/0f r8]sf uf8L sAhf ug]{ / ofqf/t hgtfnfO{ dfgj9fnsf] ?kdf k|of]u u/L
dfcf]jfbLla?4 cfqmd0f ug]{ k'/fgf] ;Qmfsf z'/IffsdL{x? g} bf]ifL /x]sf] hgfpg'
ePsf] 5 .
o;}aLr d}gfkf]v/Ldf ePsf] pQm le8GtkZrft\ k'/fgf]
;Qfn] 7"nf] ;}Go kmf];{ bf]nvfdf ptf/]/ Aofks ck]|zg u/]sf] 5 .
ck|]zgsf qmddf hgtfnfO{ kqmfp, s'6lk6 / n'6kf6 ug'{sf ;fy} hgxTofnfO{ klg hf/L
/fv]sf] 5 . hgbdgdf ;lqmo zfxL ;]gfsf] b:tf / hgd'lQm ;]gfaLr ut a}zfv #!
ut] bf]nvf sfln~rf]s ufh;sf] s'l/ddf ePsf] le8Gtdf !) hgf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf
z'/IffsdL{sf] d[To" ePsf] 5 . pQm 36gfsf] yk ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf]
5}g .
cfGbf]ngn] gof“ df]8 lng]
;'lglZrttf
b'uf{k|;fb sfkm\n]
e]/L
s0ff{nL :jfoQ k|fb]lzs hg;/sf/sf ;b:o s= g/]z e08f/Ln] !)cf}+ xhf/ hg;d'bfosf]
aLrdf hge]nfx?df ;Djf]wg ug'{ePsf] 5 . Pp6f ;ef sflnsf]6sf] ;b/d'sfd
dfGdsf] glhs} l;dfgf hf]l8Psf] ;'sfl6of uf=h=; ;lxt dxfb]j pRr df=lj=
/f/fsfl6of ljBfno k|fË0fdf eJo Pj+ ;fgbf/ 9+un] ;f}xfb{k"0f{ jftfj/0fdf
;DkGg ePsf] 5 . !@ ;o eGbf a9L hg;d'bfosf] pT;fxk"0f{ pkl:yltdf k|d'v
jQmf e08f/Ln] ljb|f]xsf gfos hGdg' kg]{ ljifodf hf]8 lbg' ePsf] lyof] .
rsf{rsL{ gf/f h'n';n] jf/L hg;d'bfo pln{/x]sf lyP . nfrf/ zfxL ;]gf kf/L
8f“8faf6 x]l//x]sf] lyof] . To;}u/L sflnsf df=lj= uf]nfsf] k|fË0fdf ut r}q
@$ ut] @@ ;o eGbf a9L hg;d'bfox? k~r]afhfsf ;fy gfRb} ahfpb} gf/f h'n';n] hldg
sDofodfg kfb}{ pkl:yt ePsf lyP . hge]nfsf k|d'v jQmf g/]z e08f/Lsf]
ljb|f]xfTds cleJolQmnfO{ stf]{n WjgLsf ;fy tfnLsf] u8\u8fx6n] :jfut
ul//xGy] . sfo{qmdsf] clGtd k|x/;Dd Ps6sn] d~rlt/} ;a}sf] Wofgfsl;{t
lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] jLr jLrdf sfl~h/f]jf hg;f“:s[lts kl/jf/n] /f]rs uLt, g[Tox?
k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] . To;}u/L h'ljwf, l;+hf, rf}wlj; nufotsf bh{gf}+
7fp“x?df lhNnfJofkL hge]nf ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . lt ;a} hge]nfx?df clGtd tyf
lg0ff{os o'4df ;fd]n x'gsf] nflu cfd hg;d'bfonfO{ cfx\jfg ub}{, ;fd|FHojfbsf
rqmAo'xnfO{ lrg{ x/]s 38L g]kfnL hgtf s[oflzn eP/ nfUg'kg]{ s'/fdf yk s'/f
:ki6\ofpg' ePsf] lyof] . h;sf] ;sf/fTds k|efjsf sf/0f ;lxbsf] /utsf] s;d
vfb} k"0f{sfnLg aGg]x?sf] ;+Vof tLa| 5 .
hg;Qfsf k|ltlglwx?sf]
k|lzIf0f
sbd a'9f
sflnsf]6÷ sflnsf]6 sfdf08 g+= # cGtu{t kg]{ abfnsf]6,
/fDgfsf]6, lyk"{, wf}nfuf]x / lvg uf=h=;=sf hgk|ltlglwx?sf] ;+o'Qm
k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ut r}q ! / @ ut] lyk"{ uf=h=;=sf] gfO{jf8fdf ;DkGg ePsf]
5 .
/fDgfsf]6
uf=h=;= k|d'v o'4ljqmd yfkfsf] cWoIftf ;f] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf ;]tL–dxfsfnL
:jfoQ k|fb]lzs hg;/sf/ ;ldlt ;b:o xif{axfb'/ zfxL, :jfoQ k|fb]lzs ;/sf/s} ;b:o
uf]kfnrGb, g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sfnLsf]6 lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s= k/fqmdL, lhNnf Gofo
ljefu k|d'v s= 8fod08 nufotsf cltlyx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf
;xefuL k|ltlglwx?n] cf–cfkm\gf IF]qsf hgtfdf /x]sf ;d:of, hg;Qf, kf6L{jLr /x]sf
;d:of hgtfn] ljsf; lgdf{0f ;DaGwL p7fPsf ;d:ofx?sf] l/kf]6{ k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd
k|:t't u/]sf lyP eg] sfo{qmdsf cltly tyf k|lzIfsn] /fhgLlt, kmf}hL, ;f+:s[lts,
Gofo, k|zf;g h:tf ljljw ljifodf hgk|ltlglwx?nfO{ :ki6 kfg'{ePsf] lyof] .
;fy} hgk|ltlglwx?n] o'4sfnLg cj:yfdf d'Vo / ;xfos kIfsf] ;xL 9+un] a'em\g] /
nfu' ug]{ b[li6sf]0fsf] ljsf; ug'{kg]{ s'/f k|lzIf0fsf] ;f/df /x]s]f
lyof] .
k|lzIf0fdf % j6f uf=h=;=sf s/La @)) eGbf a9L k|ltlglwx?
;xefuL ePsf lyP . sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng s= rGb|Lsfn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
z;:q ljb|f]xsf] k|f/flDes
cEof;df hgtf ;';HhLt
j6flnog :t/Lo hgldlnl;ofsf] 3f]if0ff
b'uf{ k|;fb sfÎn]
kf]v/L, h'Dnf ־ )^! ;fn b'Zdgsf] lrxfg jGg] 5 / cfd g]kfnL
hgtfn] ;fdGtafb / ;fd|fHofjfbsf dnfd ul/lbg] jif{ x'g]5 . Pp6f DofUbL dfq}
xf]Og ls bzf} DofUbL agfpg] ;'cj;/ g]kfnL hgtfsf] xftdf g} /x]sf] bfjL ug]{ gj
lgld{t hgldnLl;ofsf] j6flnog :t/Lo sldzf/ s=lgle{s lh=;L n] DofUbL ljhopT;j
sfo{qmddf eGgePsf] lyof] . pxf“sf] yk egfO{ lyof] æ( xhf/ ;lxb u'dfpg'
7"nf] s'/f geP/ yk krf;f}+ xhf/ ;lxb jGg' kg]{ cfj:ostf k/]df leotgfdL
hgtfsf] g]kfnL qmflGtn] ;Rrf kl/ro lbg]5 .Æ
)^) r}q #) ut]sf lbg
jf“hfuf“hf, gf/fh'n';n] hdLg sDkfodfg kfb}{ sl/j ( xhf/ eGbf j9L hg;d'bfox?
DofUbL ljhof]]T;jdf h'6] . j]gLsf] jhf/, htf b'Zdg Tot} 5 gh/ ls/]ld/]
OG;f; /fO{kmn æ eGg] uLt ufp“b}, gf“Rb}, 9fn, t/jf/, jGb's x“;Lof xftdf grfp“b}
;ef:yn tkm{ hg;fu/ cf]Ol/of] . ;do cfÎgf] utLdf lyof] . bfxf“, lknL,
d'u|f, ;dnufp“, /fDgL, u]nf nufotsf 7fp“af6 /ftf ´08f / st{n WjgLsf ;fy
hg;d'bfosf] pT;fxk"0f{ n:s/ cfO/x]sf] lyof] . Pl/of g+( sf kf6L{ ;b:o
s=uLtfsf] ;~rfngdf / d'QmLsf] ;efkltTjdf @ jh]jf6 ;f}xfb{k"0f{ jftfj/0fdf
sfo{qmdsf] ;'?jft eof] . h'Dnf ± sfnLsf]6 lh=h=;= ;b:o tyf Pl/of g+ # sf
OGrfh{ s=lgle{s lh=;L= k|d'v jQmf x'g'x'GYof] . sfo{qmdsf] clGtd ;Dd
hg;d'bfo Ps6sn] jl;/x] . ;f]xL sfo{qmds} jLrdf 3/]n' xltof/ -jGb's,
v's'/L, t/jf/, xz;:q ljb|f]xsf] k|f/flDes cEof;df hgtf ;';HhLt ;Lof, aGr/f
,n¶L_ 4f/f ;'–;HhLt ^)) ;b:oLo hgldln;Lofsf] kmd{];gn] pkl:yt hg;d'bfonfO{ z}Go
dfr{kf;4f/f :jfut u¥of] . h;n] ljb|f]xdf ;fd]n x'g yk phf{ yk]sf] lyof] .
j6flnog :t/sf] hgldln;Lofsf] sld;f/ lgle{s lh=;L=n]
kmd{];gsf] 3f]if0ff ug'{ eof] . ;f] kmd{];gsf] sdf08/ s=d'QmL ;xfos sdf08/
s=´ns /xg'eof] . sDkgL:t/sf] ! g+ sld;f/ s=uLtf l;+x, @ g+ sld;f/ ´ns
rf}nfufO{ / # g+ sld;f/ s=d'QmL g} /xg'eof] . To;}u/L sdf08/x?df !g+ /Ë]
lj=s, @ g+ nf]saxfb'/ zfxL, # g+ /fO{ axfb'/ dxt ;xfos sdf08/x?df u0f]z vqL,
xs{ jxfb'/ dxtf/f / ;of lj=s= x'g'x'G5 . Knf6'g sdf08/x?df hos[i0ff e§/fO{,
/fd jxfb'/ zfxL, hod'gL vqL, g}g axfb'/ zfxL, s0f{lht lj=s=, t'n;f ;]h'jfnf,
;]/axfb'/ zfxL, /fdsnf sfsL{ / s[i0ff dNnf /xg'ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L Knf6'g
;xfos sdf08/x?df wd{bQ clwsf/L, nfnaxfb'/ yfkf, gj/fh zfxL, hgsaxfb'/ dxtf/f,
ledaxfb'/ dxtf/f, ;]S;g sdf08/x? qmdz Ml;+xaxfb'/ zfxL b'uf{ zfxL, lgd{nf
e08f/L, g}g axfb'/ zfxL, h+u jxfb'/ dxtf/f, e'k]Gb| lj=s=, ;/]axfb'/ ;]h'jfn
jvt axfb'/ zfxL, lbks zfxL, dn] ;]h'jfn, sn axfb'/ dxtf/f, cln axfb'/ zfxL, e/t
lj=s=, cu| jd, hf]/f l;+x, jn sfsL{, /tg axfb'/ zfxL, cDdf zfxL, ;ljgf zfxL,
j]n;k'/f zfxL, clsn zfxL, u/L 5 ;o ;b:oLo j6flnog km|d]{;g ;f] e]nf4f/f kfl/t
eof] . r}q @% b]lv % lbg ;Dd z}Go dfr{kf; cleofg ;~rfng ePsf] lyof] .
cleofgsf] cfvL/L lbgdf j]gL ljhof]T;jsf] cj;/ kf/L ;f] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf]
xf] .
b'O{ xhf/ hg;d'bfo k|lt/f]wdf
;fd]n
ut j}zfv ! ut] zfxL cd]/Lsf] ;]gf n'6kf6 dRrfO{ hgxTof ug]{
;kgfsf ;fy ^ lbg] u:tL sflnsf]6sf] ;b/d'sfd dfGdjf6 s/Lj @=ls=dL= 6f9f ljxfgL
vf]nf ;Dd k'u]sf] s'/f hg;Qfsf ;]g6«Ln] atfPsf5g\ . nuQ}} bfxf“ ufp“
sld6Lsf] j}7s kZrft j6flnog :t/sf] hgdLln;LofnfO{ s]lGb|s[t ug{ kqfrf/
ul/of] . kqk'Ugf ;fy cf–cfÎgf 7fp“af6 cfd hg;d'bfo ^ 306f leq} @ xhf/ eGbf
j9L hg;d'bfosf] n:s/ æxTof/f] zfxL;]gf–d'bf{jfb, cd]/LsL ;fd|fHojfb–d'bf{jfb
h:tf uuge]bL gf/f nufpb} cuf8L j9] . kmf}hLs[t hg;d'bfosf] ;+u7Lt tfutsf]
cuf8L zfxL ;]gfn] g}lts?kdf xf/ vfof] . rf/;osf] xf/fxf/Ldf cTofw'lgs
xltof/4f/f ;';HhLt slyt zfxL ;]gf lkm{tf x'g jfWo eof] . glhs}sf] 8f8f“af6 æPs sbd cuf8L jl9; eg] vj/bf/æ eGb}
hg;d'bfon] r'gf}tL lbPsf lyP . hgtf pT;flxt lyP . uuge]bL gf/f
nfufp“b} lyP . ptf zfxL ;]gf d/]sf] lj/fnf] sfvLdf Rofk]/ l7dLsf] psfnf]
nu]´} n'y|'s–n'y|'s cfÎgf] jf6f] nfUof] . xif{ ljef]/ jGb} hg;d'bfox? ljho xfl;n u/]/ kms]{ .
lhNnf AofkL?kdf Pl/of g+ # sf hg;d'bfosf] tf/Lkm eO/fv]sf] 5 .
58\s] gh/sf] 58\s] ofqf gxf];\
/fhaxfb'/ s'“j/
hfh/sf]6÷
æk9]/ ;a} Ps kmf“sf] xf:5g\ / Aoª\UofTds s]xL gof“ s'/f hfG5g\Æ Tof] xf] 58\s]
gh/ . o;kfnL hgfb]zn] 58\s] gh/;+usf] bf]jf6f]df hDsf e]6 x'“bf 58\s]
gh/nfO{ æs:tf] nfU5 t cfkm}nfO{ g} 58\s] gh/ eg]/ ;f]lwPsf] k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf
58\s] gh/n] æk|xf/sf] df]rf{ h:tf] nfU5 .Æ eGg] pQ/ lbof] . ljut sl/a
Ps bzs AoªUofTds ;flxTo cGtu{t 58\s] gh/sf n]vs lxSdt agjf;Lsf x'g\ –dfyL
pNn]lvt x/kmx? .
hfh/sf]6
vn+ufdf hlGdP/ nfdf] ;dob]lv hgtfsf] kIfdf s[ofzLn lxSdt jgjf;LnfO{ ljleGg
9+un] cWoog ug{ ;lsG5 . Ps snfsf/, Ps Aoª\Uo ;flxTosf/, Ps hgd'lQm ;]gf,
Ps hg;QFsf] gfos, Ps /fhg}lts sfo{stf{ ;a} Ps;fy k|:km'l6t 5g\ lxSdt
jgjf;L;+u . t/ Ps Aoª\Uo ;flxTosf] s'gfdf dfq hgfb]zn] o;kfnL rf;f]
lnof] . Aoª\Uo cGtu{t )$& df hgd'lQm kl//jf/ hfh/sf]6sf] cWoIf x'bf
Kof/f]8L uLtsf] ;[hgfdf Ao:t ePsf] atfp5g\ lxSdt agjf;L . t/, Tof]
Kof/f]8L Aoª\Uo cGtu{t kl5Nnf] ;dosf ;[hgf u/]sf uLtsf b'O{ x/kmx? o:tf 5g\–
of]
nrsbf/ s';L{ cfp5 gh/df
l;4fGt 5f]8'sL nfU5 k|x/ k|x/df
k|r08 clg afa'/fdn] Sof cfkt ul/kmfn]
dfcf]jfbL eGg yfn]
;+3if{ 5f]8L ;+;b ug]{ eGof}+ xfdL Pdfn] †
of] dgdf]xg clwsf/L k|wfgdGqL ePkl5sf] Aoª\Uo lyof] . t/
kl5Nnf] r/0fdf eg] lxSdt agjf;Ln] æ58\s] gh/Æ nfO{ g} cfkm\gf] Aoª\Uosf] d'n
ljwf agfPsf 5g\ . sl/a & aif{;Dd ;'v]{t kf]i6df lgoldt n]vg Eofpg g;s]
klg 58\s] gh/sf] :tDenfO{ rnfP lxSdt agjf;Ln] . sfd geP a'xf/L n't]
af5Lsf] k'R5/ sGofp, u0ftGq Nofp5' h:tf Aoª\Uox? ;'v]{t kf]i6df lxSdt jgjf;Ln]
n]Vg EofP . ;+s6sfnsf] z'?jft\;+u} ;'v]{t kf]i6nfO{ lg/+s'ztfjfbL uf]dgn]
8;]kl5 58\s] gh/n] psfnf] ofqf z'?jft\ u¥of] . t/, lxSdt jgjf;L eg] æ58\s]
gh/ bfªaf6 psfnf] nfu]sf] bfjf ub{5g\ . kl5Nnf] r/0fdf hg;Gb]zdf
æ3f]/fxLaf6 psfnf] nfu]sf] 58\s] gh/ / pkrf/Æ eGg] 58\s] gh/ kf7s ;fd' uPsf]
xf] . Tof] afx]s c? klg 58\s] gh/af6 w]/} k/;Dd x]l/P klg kf7ssf] aLrdf
hfgsf] lgDtL dfWodsf] cefj ePsf] u'gf;f] 5 lxSdt agjf;Lsf] . Aoª\Uosf nflu
:tDe g} gePsf hgfb]z, ;Djf]wg h:tf /fhgLlts, ;flxlTos klqsf k|sfzg ePklg 58\s]
gh/sf] 58\s] ofqf x'g} ;s]t † g t hgu0ftGq /]l8of] g]kfn cGtu{t Pkm=Pd k|zf/0f
;]jfdf g} To:tf] k|jGw 5 .
hgfb]zsf] e]6df casf] 58\s] gh/sf] ofqfaf/] ;f]4f lxSdt
agjf;Ln] eGg' eof] æ58\s] gh/nfO{ x]g]{ cf“vf ePklg, gh/n] hlt ;'s} j:t'
b]v]klg Tof] cs]f{nfO{ eGg b]vfpg g;s]sf]n] w]/} b'MvL 5' . t/, ca d c?nfO{
d}n] b]vfpg ;Sg] uf]/]6f] vf]h]sf] 5' . Tof] eof] eg] lg/Gt/ hf/L g}
/xg]5 .Æ eGg' eof] . lxSdt agjf;L 58\s] gh/df cfkm'nfO{ nf]s ;flxTosf
ljleGg pvfg 6'Ssfx?sf] k|of]u ug{ dg kg]{ atfpg' x'G5 . 58\s] gh/
hgtfk|lt, qmflGtk|lt k|lta4 lsg 5 eg]/ ;f]4f– æklxn] b]lv z'?jft ePklg
lsnf]z]/f 6' af6 58\s] gh/ t]hLnf] ePsf]n], ;+s6sfnsf] k§LnfO{ RofTb} cl3
a9]sf]n] o:tf] eof] xf]nf –Æ lxSdt eGg' x'G5 . e]/L–s0ff{nLsf] hgjfbL
;flxTo snfdf Aoª\Uo ;flxTosf] bl/nf] snd dflgg] 58\s] gh/ hgtfsf] Aoª\Uo ;flxTodf
/fi6«s} k|ltlglwTj ug{ ;Sb5 . cToGt} sd dfqfdf n]lvg] Aoª\Uodf lxSdtsf]
snd lg/Gt/ rln/x\of] eg] ;u/dfyf r'Dg ;Sg] hgkqsf/ ljdf]rg /fgfdu/sf] ljZjf;
5 . 58\s] gh/sf] 58\s] ofqf xf]Og lg/Gt/ ofqfsf] vfrf] ePsf] 58\s] gh/sf
kf7s hng IF]qLsf] /fo 5 .
c5fdsf] ljgfos 36gfsf] k|ToIf
:ynut l/kf]6{
c5fdsf hgtfn] k/Dk/fut ?kdf k'/fgf] jif{sf] ljbfO{ / gof“
jif{sf] :jfut ug]{ qmddf dgfpb} cfPsf] ljif';+qmflGtsf ;Gb{edf ut r}q #) ut]
c5fd lhNnfsf] ljgofsdf c5fd lhNnf hgkl/ifbsf] cfof]hgfdf ;f“:s[lts k|bz{gL
eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf k|bz{gL x]g{ bzf} xhf/ hgtf pkl:yt ePsf lyP . ;f]xL
cj:yfdf d+un;gaf6 cfPsf] zfxL ;]gfsf] x]lnsK6/af6 bzf} xhf/ hgtfdfly Pr=Pd=hLn]
cfqmd0f ubf{ & hgf ;j{;fw/0f hgtfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] %) hgfsf] cf;kf;df
;j{;fw/0f hgtf 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . pQm 36gfsf] af/]df @)^! j}zfv ! ut] g]kfn
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf tkm{af6 k|]z–lj1KtL dfkm{t ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5 t/
;Qf kIfn] 36gf 36]sf] kf“rf} lbg kl5 dfq æc5fdsf] ljgfos If]qdf dfcf]jfbLn]
cfsfzdf pl8/x]sf] xlnsK6/dfly cfqmd0f ubf{ To;sf] k|ltsf/ ug]{ qmddf uf]nL
rnfpbf Ps hgf dlxnf dfcf]jfbLsf] d[To' ePsf] æ eGg] Psbd} ´'6 / skf]sNkLt
;dfrf/ cfkm" lgolGqt ;+rf/ dfWodjf6 lbPsf] 5 . Psflt/ ;Qf kIfaf6 oqf]
g/;+xf/sf/L 36gf 3l6;Sbf klg ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf hfx]/ gu/]/ cfÎgf] ck/fw cfd
hgtfaf6 n'sfPsf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ dfgjclwsf/ af/]df >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] !* a“'b]
cjwf/0ff k|wfgdGqL ;'o{jxfb'/ yfkfn] 3f]if0f u/]sf] !% lbg ljTg gkfpb} tL
a“'bfx?nfO{ wf]tL nufOlbPsf] dfq 5}g sL cfufdL lbgx?df c´ oL eGbf 7"nf
g/;+xf/sf/L 36\gfx? ljs6 kxfxL e"–efudf dfq geP/ b]zsf] s'g} klg 7fp“df
36\gf ;Sg] / tL 36\gfx? ;fj{hlgs gul/g] ;Defjgf a9]/ uPsf] 5 . ;Dejt M
g]kfns} Oltxf;df ;aeGbf sn+sLt / g/;+xf/sf/L Hofbltk"0f{ of] 36\gfnfO{
;fj{hlgs ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf 7fgL 36\gf :ynaf6 k|ToIf ljj/0f tkl;nsf j'“bfx?df
k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
!_ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{
-dfcf]jfbL_ lhNnf ;+u7g ;ldlt c5fdn] @)^) r}q ! ut] b]lv ;z:q hgdflr{Ë cleofg
;+rfng u/]sf], pQm dflr{Ë cleofgdf kf6L{sf g]tf, sfo{stf{ ;lxt ljleGg snfsf/
l6dx? klg ;dfj]z ePsf] .
@_ hgdflr{Ë cleofg ;+rfng ePsf]
! dlxgf k'Ubf lhNnf hgkl/ifbn] ;f“:s[lts k|bz{gL gj jif{sf] cj;/kf/L @)^) r}q
#) b]lv @)^! j}zfv @ ut];Dd cfof]hgf u/L ;a} 7fp“df k|rf/–k|;f/ u/]sf] .
#_ @)^) r}q #) ut] ljxfg !)
ah]b]lv lhNnfsf ljleGg 7fp“x?af6 ;f“:s[lts k|bz{gL x]g{ hgtfx? sfo{qmd :yndf
cfpg yfn]sf] .
$_ ljgfos pRr df=lj=sf]
k|fË0fdf ;f“:s[lts k|bz{gL pb\3f6g ;df/f]xsf nflu d~r lgdf{0f u/]sf] .
%_ ljleGg ;f“:s[lts l6dx?
afhf–ufhf, gf“r–ufg, ;lxt sfo{qmd :yndf k|j]z u/]sf] .
^_ hgtf, snfsf/ l6d, kf6L{
sfo{stf{x? cfpb} ubf{ ck/fGx @ jh] g]kfnu~h lt/af6 cfPsf] x]lnsK6/n] Ps kN6
xjfO{ ul:t u/L sdnjhf/ x'b} d+un;]g uPsf] .
&_ bzf} xhf/ hgtfsf]
pl:yltdf ljgfos pRr df=lj=sf] k|fË0fdf ljlwjt ?kdf sfo{qmd z'? ePsf] .
*_ ck/fGx $M!% ah] sfo{qmdsf]
;efklt cfzg u|x0fkl5 :jfut efif0f eO/x]sf] a]nfdf d+un;]gfaf6 cfPsf] x]lnsK6/n]
bzf} xhf/ hgftsf] hd36df u}/L6f“8fb]lv g} Pr=Pd=hL=-Heavy Machine Gun_ 4f/f
cfsfzaf6} uf]nL rnfpg yfn]sf], x]lnsK6/af6 rnrfOPsf] uf]nL !* jflif{o uLtf
rnfpg] tf]ifL–! lgjf;L dlxnfsf] 6fpsf]df nfuL 36gf :ynd} d[To' ePsf] .
(_ Tof] 36gf kl5 ;a} hgtfdf
efubf}8 ePsf] s]xL hgtf glhs}sf] ljBfnosf] sf]7fdf k;]sf] s]xL glhs}sf] h+unlt/
efu]sf] .
!)_ x]lnsK6/n] h+unlt/ efu]sf
hgtfx?nfO{ tfs]/ eLif0f kmfo/ u/]sf] .
!!_ d~raf6 cfof]hsx?n] hgtfnfO{
hldgdf ;'t]df uf]nL gnfUg] hfgsf/L
lbO/x]sf] .
!@_ hgtf ;'t]sf]] b]v]kl5
x]lnsK6/n] pRr dfWolds ljBfnosf] ejg leq a;]sf hgtfnfO{ lgzfgf u/L eLif0f uf]nL
kmfo/ u/]sf] .
!#_ ^ dlxgfsf] aRrfnfO{
b"w v'jfO/x]sL dlxnfsf] lk7\o"df uf]nL nfu]sf] / dlxnf tTsfn} e"O“df 9n]sf] aRrf e'O“df
k5fl/Psf] .
!$_ rf}/sf hgtfx? cft+lst x'b}
le/fnf]lt/ xfd kmfn]sf], ljBfnosf] sDkfpG8sf] tf/df clN´Psf] . s'rL 3/
ePsL Ps hgf dlxnf 3/ glhs} k'Ubf x]lnsK6/n] kL5f u/L uf]nL xfGbf pgsf] 36\gf
:ynd} d'To' ePsf] .
!%_ x]lnsK6/n] 36gf :yn jk/k/L
bzf} xhf/ /fp08 uf]nL xfgL ( kN6 36gf :yn jk/k/L 3'dL %M#) ah] dfq d+un;]gflt/
nfu]sf] .
!^_ x]lnsK6/ uPkl5 dfcf]jfbL
:yfgLo g]tf, sfo{stf{, hgtf ldn]/ d/]sfx?sf zj hDdf u/]/ ;gfvt ug]{ k|oTg
u/]sf] 36gf :ynd} $ j6f nfz e]l6Psf] h;cg';f/ c5fd tf]ifL j:g] jif{ !* sL dlxnf
uLtf rnfpg]–!, c5fd 9sf/L –& lnD;f a:g] jif{#) sf lj=sd kf; u/]sf lzIfs
k|e'gfy hf]zL–!, 9'Ë]rfNgf–* yf/f j:g] #) jlif{o hgtf g/ 9f]nL–!, :yfgLo ljgfos
ahf/sf Jokf/Lsf 5f]/f !# jlif{o g]q s8fot–!, To;} u/L h+un jl/kl/ / 36gf :yn
jl/kl/ vf]h tnf; ubf{ @) 3fOt] h;df b'O{ hgfsf] cj:yf lrGtfhgs b]lvPsf]
lyof] . tL b'O{ hgfnfO{ pkrf/fy{ Nofpbf–Nofpb} cTolws /Qm>fj / tTsfn
pkrf/ gkfPsf sf/0f led jxfb'/ kl/of/ / /0fl;{x lj=s=sf] af6f]df d'To' ePsf]
5 . 36gf :yndf e]l6P afx]s cGo krf;f} hgf 3fO{t] ePsf 5g\ .
cfkm"nfO{ k|hftGq / dfgjclwsf/sf] lxdfotL eg]/ gyfSg]
;QfkIfn] hgo'4 bjfpg b]z} e/L ;+rflnt zfxL ;]gfn] cfÎgf] k|jQmf dfkm{t lbg–lbg}
h:tf] h]g]ef ;GwLsf] kfngf u/]sf] csfnt ul//x]sf] 5 t/ To;sf] 7Ls pN6f]
xltof/wf/L jfx]ssf s;}dly kmf}hL cfqmd0f gug]{, lu/km\tf/ ug'{ k/] k"lh{
lbg], lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] @$ 306f leq ;fj{hlgs ug]{ s'g} klg xfntdf xTof gug]{
nufotsf !* a“'b] cjwf/0ff kq ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] /fu cnfk]/ gyfSg] ;Qf kIfn] tL
k|ltj]bsf] d;L ;'Sg gkfpb} c5fd ljgfosf] sfo{qmddf xjfO{ cfqmd0f u/L g/;+xf/
dRrfP/ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3af6 hf/L dfgjclwsf/ dxf;+GwLdf cfkm"n] u/]sf]
k|ltj4tf / ;xdlt hgfPsf] j'“bfx?sf] lvNnL dfq p8fPsf] 5}g a? hgtfdf eo, qf;
l;{hgf ub}{ cufdL lbgdf o:t} lx6n/L z}nLsf cfd g/;+xf/sf/L 36gf 36g] cfz+sf
k}bf u/]sf] 5 . hgtfsf] df}lns clwsf/sf] ;+/Ifs 7flgg] ;QfkIfn] bzf} xhf/
hgtf pkl:yt ePsf] :yndf bfgjLo rl/q b]vfO{ cfsfzaf6 uf]nL k|xf/ u/L cfwf bh{g
eGbf a9Lsf] xTof ug'{, krf;f}nfO{ 3fO{t] t'Nofpg', cfkm'n] u/]sf]
sdhf]l/sfaf/]df af“sL hgtf / cGt/fli6«o :yndf yfxf gxf];\ eg]/ ;QfkIf gaf]n]sf]
dfq xf]Og c´} of] eGbf g/;+xf/sf/L / 7"nf] dfqdf hgtfsf] xTofsf] of]hgfdf
nflu k/]sf] b]lvG5 .
o; ;Gbe{df b]z ljb]zdf sfo{/t dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3–;+:yf,
gful/s ;dfh ldnL 36gfsf] lgikIf 5fgljg u/L Toxf“sf] oyfy{nfO{ hgtf ;dIfNofO{ bf]ifL 7xl/Psfx?nfO{ s8f sfjf{xL ug{
bjfj lbg' kg]{ 66\sf/f] cfjZostf 5 . olb o;sf] jf:tf ul/Pg eg]–ækf7f] vfg]
af3n] afv|f] klg vfG5 .æ eg] ´} clxn] c5fdsf] ljgfosdf 36]sf] 36gf ef]ln
sf7df08f]d} 36\g ;Sb}g eGg] 5}g . To;}n] dfgjclwsf/jfbLx?, gful/s ;dfh, Ps
kN6 ljgfos cfcf}, 36gfsf] 5fgljg u/f} / hgtfn] ;"rgfaf6 ;'–;lHht x'g]
clwfsf/sf] ;+/If0f u/f} cfd g/;+xf/sf]
eT;{gf u/f} hgxTof/fnfO{ lg?T;flxt kf/f} .
u'0f/fh nf]xgL–a'l4hLlj
/fdaxfb'/
s]=;L=–jl/i7 sfg'g ljb
pk]Gb| zdf{–kqsf/ -hgfb]z ;fKtflxs_
ljgfos
36gf gful/s 5fgljg ;ldlt
h'd'{/fP sfnLsf]6] o'jfx?
;of}+ ef:s/ o'jf, o'jtLx?, k|f}9 dlxnf k'?ifx?
/ a'9f a'9Lx? hDdf ePsf lyP . lbgx'h;f] a9L xfjf rln/xg] 7fp” :o'gf kf]v/L
rf}/ 8f”8fdf ut r}q @$ ut] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] jfO=l;=Pn= sf] k|yd lhNnf e]nfdf
pkl:yt -;xefuL_ x'g]sf] ;+Vof ylkb} lyof] .
r}q @$ sf] hgcfGbf]ng lbj; / ;f]xL cj;/ kf/]/ ul/Psf]
g]kfnaGbsf] lbg ePsf]n] klxnf gf/f h'n'z ub}{ kf]v/L rf}/ kl/qmdf ul/;s]kl5
;Dd]ngsf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngsf] k|yd ;];g pb\3f6g
;df/f]xdf jfO=l;=Pn= lhNnf cWoIf s= /0flåksf] cWoIftf / s= :jfledfgaf6 ;+rfng
sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf kf6L{ cf/=la=Pd= rGbg, sflnsf]6
lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s= k/fqmdL, sfnLsf]6 sdf08 g+= @ OGrfh{ tyf l8=l;=Pd= s= lj/f6,
l8=l;=Pd= s= cg'kd, s=lnnf, cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ ;]d ;dGjo ;ldlt ;b:o s=
hutaxfb'/ zfxL c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sflnsf]6 pkfWoIf sfnLaxfb'/ w/fnf,
c=g]=lz=;+3 sflnsf]6sf cWoIf df]xg s]=;L= ;lxb kl/jf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{
s=;+uLtf, ljBfno kl/jf/sf] tkm{af6 lzIfs k+vaxfb'/ zfxL nufotsf cfdflGqt
cltlyx? pkl:yt x'g''x'GYof] . sfo{qmddf pkl:yt cf/=la=Pd s= rGbgn]
sfo{qmdsf] d”nJofg/ pb\3f6g ub}{ pb\3f6g dGtAo lbg'eof] . pb\3f6g
;df/f]xdf s0ff{nL hg;f”:s[lts Knf6'gsf snfsf/x?n] cfd ;z:q ljb|f]xdf cufl8 a9\g
cfx\jfg ub}{ :jfut uLt k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] eg] cfof]hssf]]] tkm{af6 s= ;f}/en]
:jfut dGtAoåf/f pkl:yt cltly tyf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ :jfut ug'{ePsf] lyof] . /,
;df/f]xdf cfdlGqt cltlyx?n] ;Dd]ng ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub}{ z'esfdgf dGtAo JoQm
ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;Dd]ngsf] bf]>f] ;];g aGb ;q @$ ut] a]n'sL cWof”/f]df
v'Nnf cfsfzsf] 5fgfd'gL kf]v/Lrf}/df a:of] . aGb ;];gdf cf/=la=Pd= s=rGbg
/ l8=l;=P;= s= k/fqmdLn] Oltxf;df d”nt qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngdf o'jfx?sf] pNn]vgLo
e”ldsf /xg] s'/f atfpb} k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . aGb ;];gdf s=
:jfledfgsf] cWoIftfdf sflnsf]6 lhNnf jfO=l;=Pn= sf] !! ;b:oLo sld6Lsf] rog
u/]sf] 5 . sld6Lsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] Kofgn k|:t't sfo{qmdsf cltly s= rGbgn]
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . /, sfo{qmddf ;xeflu k|ltlglwx?n] Psdtn] tfnL ahfP, d'¶L
p7fP/ lhNnf sld6Ldf rog ul/Psf jfO=l;=Pn=sf ;b:ox?nfO{ Psdtn] lgjf{lrt u/] .
jGb z];gdf Jofks 5nkmn kl5 jfO=l;=Pn=sf] cfufdL sfo{qmd klg 7f]; ePsf] 5 .
d”ntM jfO=l;=Pn=n] /fhg}lts, kmf}hL / ;f”:s[lts df]rf{ -;+u7g_sf] e”ldsf lgjf{x
ug]{ s'/fnfO{ pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .
gj lgjf{lrt jfO=l;=Pn= sld6Lsf] 3f]if0ff s/La @ xhf/ hgtfsf]
jLrdf ut r}q @% ut] :o”gf ahf/df eof] . ;efdf gjul7t sld6Lsf] 3f]if0ff
sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly s= rGbgn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] / kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ cjL/ u|x0f s=
rGbg / lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s= k/fqmdLn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
3f]if0ff ;efdf gjul7t sld6LnfO{ awfO{ lb+b} sfo{qmddf pkl:yt
cltly s= rGbg / s= k/fqmdL, c=g]=d= ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sL dlxGb|f /f]sfof,
cg]/f:jljo” -qmflGtsf/L_sf hutaxfb'/ zfxL, e]s IF]q x'Dnf lhNnfaf6 pkl:yt
x'g'ePsf l8=l;=Pd= s= lxtdfgn] dGtJo lbg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf s0ff{nL
hg;f+:s[lts Knf6'gsf snfsf/x?n] :jfut uLt, g[To, b]p8f uLt cflb ;f+:s[lts
k|:t'tLn] dgf]/~hg u/fPsf] lyof] .
cGtdf 3f]if0ff ;efsf ;efklt tyf gjul7t jfO=l;=Pn= sld6Lsf
cWoIf s= :jfeLdfgn] jfO=l;=Pn= sld6L ;”w} kf6L{ k4lt / gLlt lgoddf /xL cfd”n
kl/jt{gsf] kIfdf alnbfg ug{ tof/ /xg] k|lta4tf ;lxt ;Dd]ng ;dfkg ePsf] 3f]if0ff
ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
o'4df blntx?sf] plQs} ;xeflutf
x'Dnf÷ ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv ljleGg pTkL8gdf kl/ bf;sf] hLjg
ljtfpb} cfPsf x'Dnfsf blntx? cfkm\gf] hftLo d'lQmsf nflu ;fdGtjfb /
;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 ;+3if{df h'6]sf 5g\ .
lxhf] ;fdGtL ;dfhsf unt dfGotfnfO{ kl/Tofu ul/ juL{o d'lQm
ljgf hftLo d'lQm x'b}g eGg] dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;fy ub}{ dxfg\ hgo'4df nfdnfUg]
qmddf cfkm\gf /fhg}lts, a}rfl/s r]tgf cufl8 a9fpg lhNnfsf] k|To]s Pl/ofdf
k|lzIf0f, :s'lnª, a}7s, 5nkmn, ;+u7g, k'gu{7g, u7g u/L ;+u7g r':t kf/L x'DnL
blntx?sf] d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ tLa|utLdf cufl8 a9fOg] sfd /x]sf 5g\ .
c=g]=b=d'= df]rf{sf lhNnf cWoIf d]x]naxfb'/ kfsL{af6 k|fKt
hfgsf/L cg';f/ !% xhf/ hg;+Vofdf /x]sf] x'Dnf blnt hg;d'bfox? clws\td ?kdf
k”0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{ alg /fhg}lts / kmf}hL If]qdf cu|:yfg cf]u6L g]t[Tj
ul//fv]sf 5g\ eg] @% ;o blntx? ;+u7gdf ;+ul7t /x]sf / af”sL s]xL dfq ;+u7g eGbf
aflx/ /x]klg o'4k|lt 7"nf] rf;f]sf ;fy cufl8 al9 kf6L{ / qmflGtsf] sfd
ul//fv]sf 5g\ . –k|rf/a'9f
x'Dnfaf6
x'Dnfsf] lhNnf cbfntdf dfq Ps d'4f
xDnf l;ldsf]6 ÷ cfh k|To]s ufp”
jl:tdf hg cbfnt lgdf{0f u/]/ ul/j hgtfsf] d'4f 3/}df l5Gg yfn] kl5 k'/fgf]
s'lxPsf] kmfl;jfbL ;Qfsf] x'Dnf lhNnf cbfntdf xfn Pp6f d'4f /x]sf] ;DjlGwt
;'qn] hgfPsf] 5 .
ljutsf lbgx?df ufp” 3/df hgtfx?n] sf/0fa; d'4f n8\g' k¥of]
eg] ul/a hgtf cfkm” PSn} hg t wF}–wf} x'GYof] t/ cln x'g] vfg] dfG5] lk7\o”df
/f;g, vNtLdf k};f xftdf 7"nf] s'v'/f af]sL @÷# lbgsf] af6f] lxl8 l;ldsf]6 hfg' kYof]{ / d'4f 7f]Sg] dfG5]nfO{
Hofnf, tf]s nufpg jlsnnfO{ 3'if , btf{ u/fpg btf{ ;'Ns lt/L, jNn d'4f rnfg ePkl5 @÷# jif{ ;Dd tf/]v yfDg'
kYof]{ . clGtddf uP/ lhNnfdf hf] cln kl/lrt 5 / To; ;+u k};f 5 eg] Ps
lbgsf] /lS;, df;'df h:tf] d'4f eP klg p;}sf] gfddf km};nf x'GYof] . ljr/f
ul/j cfÎgf] Gofo eP klg d'4f xf/]/ ?b} 3/ kmls{g' kYof]{ . t/ cfh ef]nL
:yflgo hg;Qf 4f/f ufp”–ufp”df hgcbfnt
:yfkgf eO{ lgZkIf :jtGq / lgz'Ns d'4f l5Gg yfn] kl5 To:tf] ;+s6 ef]Ug
l;ldsf]6 k'Ug' kg]{ s/} /x]g . xfn lhNnf ;b/d'sfd l;ldsf]6 jl/kl/sf
hGtfx?n] klg hg cbfntdf d'4f xfnL lg;fkm dfUg cfpg] qmd a9\g yfn]sf] 5 .
cfh ef]ln Gofo gkfP/ ufp”df dfcf]jfbL sfxf” hfg' k5{ eGg] pQmL l;ldsf]6df Jofks
rs]{sf] s'/f l;ldsf]6 ahf/af6 cfpg]
dfG5]af6 yfxf ePsf] 5 . k|rf/ lxdfnL
ca dfG5]n] krf; lsnf] ef/L af]sL /xg' kg]{ 5}g
sflnsf]6÷ lhNnf hg;/sf/ /
cf/=l;=lk= ahf/ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt sflnsf]6sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgf tyf ;s[o kxndf
/}+lun3f6 b]lv zflGt3f6 ;Ddsf] sl/a # ls=ld= 3f]/]6f] -vRr/_ af6f] lgdf{0f
ul/Psf] 5 .
af6f]
agfpgsf] nflu ut r}q !& / !* ut] lhNnfsf] sdf08 g+= cGt/utsf d]xnd'8L,
d'd|f, l;k\vfgf, :o'gf, km'sf]6, sf]6Lnf, gfgLsf]6 nufotsf uf=h=;=sf xhf/f}+
hgtf kl/rflnt ePsf lyP . xhf/f}+ hgtfsf] ;xeflutf / lgz'Ns >dbfgaf6 @
lbg leq} ;f] # ls=dL nfdf] vRr/ lx8\g] af6f] lgdf{0f u/L ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
af6f]
lgdf{0f e};s]kl5 / vRr/ 3f]8fåf/f zflGt3f6 / cf/=l;=lk= ahf/ :o'gf;Dd g'g, rfdn
/ cGo b}lgs pkef]Uo ;fdfgx? 9'jfgL ug{ ;s]kl5 af6f] lgdf{0f sfo{sf cfof]hs
nufot sflnsf]6 / afh'/f lhNnfsf uf]qL, ;fKkf6f If]qsf ef]sd/L kLl8t hgtfn] of]
cfzf u/]sf 5g\ ls ca xKtf}+ lbg nufP/ glhs}sf] b}n]v, c5fdsf] xf6ahf/;Dd k'uL
lsga]r ug{ lk7\o'df %)÷%) lsnf]sf] ef/L af]sL/xg' kg]{ 5}g .
csf]{
Pl/of g+= * cGt/ut lyk”{ uf=h=;= gfOjf8f b]lv bfD0fL hfg] s/La # ;o ld6/ nfdf]
uf]/]6f] af6f] ut r}q !# b]lv !$ ut] leq agfOPsf] 5 . # lbg ;Dd nueu $))
hgfsf] >dbfgåf/f ;f] af6f] tof/ kfl/Psf]] ;dfrf/ 5 .
o;}u/L
sfnLsf]6 sdf08 g+= # sf OGrfh{ s= /0fåLksf cg';f/ Pl/of g+= * lxdfnL uf=h=;=sf]
nfkmf{df % sf]7] ljBfno ejg tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . lxdfnL ufp” hg;/sf/ ;ldltsf]
cfof]hgfdf ut df3 @& ut]af6 lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ul/Psf] ljBfno ejgsf] ut
kmfNu'g * ut] lgdf{0f sfo{ k'/f ePsf] lyof] .
a]gLsf ;lxbk|lt >4f~hnLM of]4fx?nfO{ ;Ddfg
ux|f}+ ePsf], ;lxbx?n] g}
o'unfO{ d'lQm ug]{ s'/f JoQm ug'{ eof] . pxf“n] ;lxbx?sf] /ut kSs} klg v]/
hfg] 5}g / Tof] /ut /Qm aLh eP/ xhf/f}+ xhf/ d'lQm of]4fx? hGdg] s'/f atfpg'
eof] .
>4f~hnL ;efsf] sfo{qmd;+u a]gL df]rf{af6 ljho k|fKt u/L
cfpg] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] Ps 6's'8LnfO{ klg ;f] ;efdf :jfut ul/Psf] lyof] .
;f] cj;/df a]gL df]rf{af6 kms]{sf hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf sDkgL sdL;f/ s=
;Gtf]ifn] a]gL sfjf{xLsf] cg'e"lt ;'gfpb} Toxf“sf] oyfy{ ljj/0f k]z
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pxf“n] /ftLsf] !! ah] b]lv n8fO{ z'? ePsf] / Toxf“sf
;b/d'sfd k'/} dfcf]jfbLsf hgd'lQm ;]gfn] sAhf ug{ ;kmn ePsf] atfpg' eof] .
l;=l8=cf] / l8=P;=kL ;lxt o'lgkmfO8 sdfgsf k|x/L / ;]gfx?sf] #& hgfsf]
hTyfn] cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf] / pgLx?nfO{ h]g]ef dxf;GwL cg'?k Jojxf/ u/]sf] s'/f
atfpg' eof] . pxf“n] DofUbLsf] a]gLdf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] pRr sdf08/ -lj|u]8
le=l;=_ ;Ddsf] alnbfgLn] hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ yk phf{ yk]sf] / To;n] a]gL eGbf
7"nf sfjf{xL ug{ k|]/0ff ldn]sf] s'/f atfpg' eof] .
sl/a kGw| ;o hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] >4f~hnL tyf :jfut
;efdf @% hgf ;lxb kl/jf/x? pkl:yt x'g'x'GYof] . ;lxbx?k|lt ! ldg]6
df}gwf/0f ub}{ ;lxbx?sf] kmf]6f]df dfNofk{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf
k|d'v cltly Pj+ ljz]if s]Gb|Lo sdf08 k|ltlglw s= dx]Gb|n] DofUbL df]rf{af6
kms]{sf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] Ps 6's'8LnfO{ km'ndfnf / clj/ nufP/ :jfut ug'{ePsf]
lyof] .
;f] cj;/df hgu0ftGq /]l8of] g]kfn Pkm=Pd k|zf/0f s]Gb|
;]tL–dxfsfnLsf snfsf/åf/f :jfut uLtn] :jfut ul/Psf] lyof] eg] ;lxbx?sf] ;Ddfgdf
k|ultlzn uLtx?åf/f ;lxbsf] ;kgf ;fsf/ kfg]{ jrg uLtsf] dfWodaf6 k|:t't ul/Psf]
lyof] . ;efsf ;efklt s= z/bl;+x e08f/Ln] ;lxbx?sf] d[To'j/0fsf] 7"nf]
dxTjePsf] s'/f atfp“b} of] alnbfgLn] qmflGtnfO{ ljhosf] lzv/df k'¥ofpg] ljrf/
JoQm ug'{eof] . ;f] ;efsf] ;~rfng s= k[YjLn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
To;}u/L c5fd lhNnfsf] ljgfosdf ljif' ;+qmflGt dgfpg hDdf ePsf
!)cf}+ xhf/ hgtfsf] le8df x]lnsf]K6/af6 Pr=Pd=hL= kmfo/ u/L & hgfsf] xTof /
%) hgf hlt 3fOt] ePsf lyP . pQm xTofsf08df lzIfs, ljBfyL{ / ;j{;fwf/0f
hgtfsf] xTof ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm 36gfaf/] em'6f k|rf/ ub}{
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] sfo{qmddf x]lnsf]K6/ dfly kmfo/ u/]sf]n] To;sf] k|ltsf/df
xjfO{ kmfo/ ubf{ Ps dlxnfsf] d[To' ePsf] eGg] em'6f k|rf/ /]l8of] g]kfnn]
u/]sf] lyof] .
ljgfos xTofsf08sf] af/]df gful/s ;dfhsf] Ps 6f]nLn] :ynut lg/LIf0f
u/L Ps k|ltj]bg tof/ u/]sf 5g\ . pQm 36gfsf] 5fgljg ug{ # hgfsf] gful/s
;dfhsf] 6f]nL ag]sf] lyof] . ;f] 36gfsf] af/]df a'4hLjL, sfg"gljb /
kqsf/x?sf] 6f]nLn] l/kf]6{ tof/ u/]sf] lyof] . Toxf“ s'g} xftxltof/ gePsf]
/ hgtfnfO{ x]lnsf]K6/af6 kmfo/ u/L lgbf]{if hgtfsf] xTof ul/Psf] ;f]
5fgljg6f]nLn] cfkm\gf] l/kf]6{df hgfPsf] 5 . pQm k|ltj]bgn] cGo dfgjflwsf/
6f]nL, a'l4hLjL / gful/s ;dfhnfO{ 36gfsf] af/]df oyfy{ a'em\g ;d]t cfx\jfg
u/]sf] 5 .
zfxL;]gfsf] HofbtLaf6 kLl8tnfO{ dfcf]jfbLåf/f /fxt
sfnLsf]6 ÷g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sflnsf]6n] ut r}q @& ut]
lhNnfsf] ?K;fdf Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L zfxL;]gfåf/f kLl8t 3/kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt
k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLsf] cfwf/ If]qnfO{ Wj:t kfg]{ nIosf ;fy @)%* kmfu'g
kl5 km]l/ Psk6s zfxL;]gf sfnLsf]6nfO{ c5fd / jfh'/f sf]N6Ljf6 3]/f xfNb} ufp“df
k;]sf] lyof] . xTof/f] ;]gfn] ljut / clxn] u/]/ ;j{;fwf/0fsf 3/ eTsfof],
hnfof], nfvf}sf] wgdfn n'6\of] . hgtfnfO{ cft+lst kf¥of] . hgtf
h+un/lt/ n's], zfxL ;]gfn] ufp“df 3/sf 9f]sf tf8]/ n'6kf6\ u¥of] .
/fxft ljt/0f sfo{qmddf zfxL ;]gf4f/f kLl8t sf]6jf8f, nfn' /
dfnsf]6sf !^ 3/ kl/jf/nfO{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] cf9\g] sDdn, rfdn, vwfn' k};f ;fgf]
k}dfgfdf ePklg ljt/0f u/]sf lyP . ;f] sfo{qmddf pkl:ylt ub}{
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sfnLsf]6 lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=k/fqmdLn] kLl8tx?nfO{ clegGbg ub}{
sDdn, rfdn / ?k}of ljt/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . To; sfo{qmddf af]Nb} pxf“n] –
clxn] xfdL;“u Iflt a/fj/sf] ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] cf}sft 5}g To;}n] xfdL ef}lts
rLh 7"nf] dfqfdf lbg ;Sb}gf} eGg'ePsf] lyof] . ;fy} pxf“n] ef}lts
rLhsf] cfjZostfn] dfG5] slxn] ;DkGg x'b}g . xfdL t sxLNo} g;lsg] , gxfg]{
rLh k|r08kysf] ljrf/ lbg rfxG5f} eGg] s'/f pkl:yt ;j}nfO{ atfpg' ePsf]
lyof] .
Toxf“ kLl8tx? sf]6jf8fsf jn?k lji6 nfO{ Ps sDdn, Ps SjLG6n
rfdn / @ ;o ?k}of, dfg axfb'/ lji6nfO{ @ sDdn, ! SjLG6n rfdn / @)) ?k}of, uflsnf
lji6nfO{ ! sDdn, ! SjL=rfdn, @)) gub, nId0f lj=s=nfO{ ! sDdn, !SjL=rfdn, @ ;o
?k}of, dgaxfb'/ lj=s= @ sDdn, !SjL=rfdn, @ ;o gub, /g lji6nfO{ @ sDdn,
!SjL=rfdn, @ ;o gub, s[i0f lji6nfO{ ! sDdn, !SjL=rfdn,@ ;o ?k}of“, b'uf{ lji6 @
sDdn, @ SjL rfdn, @ ;o gub, sj]/ ! sDdn, !SjL=rfdn, @ ;o gub, ldpl;+u] lji6
!SjL=rfdn, @ ;o ?k}of, ;fu/ lj=s= @ ;o ?k}of, lsp/L lj=s= % SjL=rfdn, nfn'sf
lj/hLt af]x/fnfO{ @ sDdn, !SjL=rfdn @ ;o , a]nf lji6 ! sDdn / @ ;o ?k}of, /
dfNsf]6sf /fd axfb'/ zfxLnfO{ %SjL= rfdn k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . /, yk c? sDdnx?
klg ljt/0f ug]{ hfgsf/L sfo{qmdsf
cfof]hsn] atfPsf 5g\ .
sfo{qmddf cfÎgf] efj /fVb} zfxL ;]gf4f/f kLl8t sf]6jf8f– !sf
dg lj=s= / sf]6jf8f ^ ls u/]lsnf lji6n] dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . @)%* kmfu'gdf d+un;]g c5fdsf] xf/kl5 j'x'nfP/
cfPsf]] ;]gfn] 3/ ;DkQL hnfof] .
km]/L c´} )^) sf] kmfu'gdf cfP/ zfxL ;]gfaf6 km]/L ;f]xL l:ylt bf]xf]l/bf dg]
lj=s= eGg' x'G5– pm ;j}nfO{ cft+sjfbL b]V5, b'Zdgn] xfd|f] 3/df Iflt
k'¥ofof] . To;jf6 xfdL 8/fPsf 5}gf} . qmflGtdf Iflt :jfefljs
x'G5 . o;}u/L !÷@ jif{sf] 5f]/f ;dft]/ dGrdf cfÎgf] kL8f ;'gfpg k'u]sL
;lxb uf]lvnf lji6n] eGg' ePsf] lyof]– b'Zdgn] 3/ hnfP klg ;j 7Ls 5 , hgo'4sf]
ljhosf] nflu hlt /ut ju]sf] 5 c´}+ alnbfg ug{ tof/ 5f} .
/fxft ljt/0f sfo{qmddf sflnsf]6
Pl/of g+= @ sf OGrfh{ ;'gLnsf] cWoIftf / ;f]xL Pl/ofsf ;]qm]6/L s=ls/0fn]
;+rfng ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sflnsf]6df j[4x? klg
;+u7Lt
sbd j'9f
sfnLsf]6 ÷ sfnLsf]6df cfwf/ OnfsLo PsLs[t ljsf;
cfGbf]ng / hgdflr{Ë cleofgsf] of]hgf;“u} h=j=;=x?sf] k'g Mu7g ul/Psf] 5 .
leGg–leGg}
:yfg / ;dodf ut ut r}q !* / !( ut] sflnsf]6 Pl/of g+= $ sf] b]jnsf]6
df=lj=uf]qLdf / ut r}q @! / @@ ut] Pl/of g+ # sf] cg]/f:jljo -qmf_, c=g]=d=;+3
-qmf_, c=g]=ls=;+3 -qmf_ / g]=/f=b=d' df]rf{sf] ;+o'Qm ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf
5g\ .
b]zdf
kmf;LjfbL 1fg]Gb|sf] ;Qfsf] lj?4sf] n8fO{df lg/Gt/ hgtfsf] ;xL g]t[Tj ub}{
ljb|f]xsf] of]hgfnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg h=j=;= x?sf j}rfl/s z'4Ls/0f / ;+u7lgs
;'–b[l9s/0f ug{ ;Dd]ngdf hf]8\bf/ 5nkmn k|lzIf0f ePsf] lyof] .
;Dd]ngdf
;j} h=j=;=x?n] 5'§f–5'§} 7"nf gf/fx? to u/]sf lyP . cg]/f:jljo"
-qmf_ n] ;+u7gsf] s]lGb|o of]hgf æsdn, kl;g / k6]n ;+u7g lj:tf/ tyf ;'b[9Ls/0f
cleofgæ nfO{ ;z:q hgdfr{ cleofg;+u lhNnfdf PsLs[t u/]/ of]hgf to u/]sf]
5 . o; ;+u7gsf] d"n gf/f– cfwf/ O{nfsfnfO{ ;b[9 /0fg}lts c8\8fdf abNg
h'´? cfGbf]ng, gof“ hgjfbL z}lIfs clwsf/ k|fKtLsf] kIfdf Pl/of ;Dd]ng
eGg]/x]sf] lyof] . o;}u/L c=g]=d=;+3 -qmf_ sf] zfxL cd]l/sg kmf;Ljfb /
;fdGtL pTkL8gsf lj?4 z;Zq cfGbf]ng, cfwf/ Onfsf, ;'b[9 ug{ ====== ;Dd]ng ÷
g]=/f=b=d'= df]rf{sf] cfwf/ lsNnfsf] ljsf; / /Iff ug{ xfd|f] cfGbf]ng, hftLo
5'jf5't ;dfh 3f]if0f ug{ Pl/of ;Dd]ng / cg]=ls=;+3 -qmf_ sf] pTkfbg j[4L /
j}1flgsLs/0f ug{ ls;fg cfGbf]ng, hgljb|f]xsf] nflu ;Dk"0f{ zlQm s]lGb|o
ug{ Pl/of ;Dd]ng eGg] d"ne"t gf/fx? /x]sf lyP .
h=j=;=sf] ;+o'Qm ;Dd]ng Pl/of g+ $ ut r}q !* ut] !@ ;o
hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf uf]qL b]jnsf]6 lg=df=lj=df pb\3f6g ul/Psf] ;+o'Qm h=j=;=sf]
;Dd]ngdf cg]/f:jljo" -qmf_ ;]tL dxfsfnL ;dGjo ;ldtL ;b:o hut axfb'/ zfxL,
c=g]=d=;+3 -qmf_ sfnLsf]6 pkfWoIf dlxGb|f /f]sfo, g]=/f=b=d'= df] -sfnLsf]6sf
pkfWoIf l;+x/fh lj=s=, c=g]=ls=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sfnLsf]6 pkfWoIf sfnLsf w/fnf,
c=g]=ls= ;+3 sflnsf]6sf cWoIf df]xg s]=;L=, Gofo ljefu sfnLsf]6sf k|d'v s=
8fod08, kf6L{ l8=l;=Pd= /jLG; nufotsf cltlyx? pkl:yt x'g'ePsf] lyof] .
Pl/of ;Dd]ngsf] aGb;qn] cg]/f:jljo"
-qmflGtsf/L_sf] nfnaxfb'/ e08f/Lsf] cWoIftfdf !% ;b:oLo, c=g]=d=;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_sf] ljdnf l;+xsf] cWoIftfdf !% ;bl:oo, c=g]=ls= ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_
sf] 5KkL l;+xsf] cWoIFtfdf !# ;b:oLo, g]=/f=b=d'=df]= sf] gGb lj=s=sf]
cWoIFtfdf !& ;b:oLo gof“ Pl/of sld6Lsf] rog u/]sf] 5 . /, !( ut] Ps
3f]if0ff ;ef sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L gjul7t h=j=;=x? sf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf]
lyof] . h=j=;=sf] gjLg tyf tTsfnLg of]hgfs]f nIodf cfwfl/t eO{
lyk"{df ut r}q @! ut] pb\3f6g ul/Psf] Pl/of g+= # h=j=;= x?sf] ;+o'Qm
;Dd]ng k"0f{ ?kdf ;kmn ePsf] 5 .
;Dd]ngn]
Pl/of g+= # clvn -qmflGtsf/L_sf] P]gaxfb'/ v8\sfsf] cWoIFtfdf !# ;b:oLo,
c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sf] s/tf s7fotsf] cWoIFtfdf !% ;b:oLo, c=g]=ls= ;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_ s[k s7fotsf] cWoIftfdf !& ;b:oLo / g]=/f=b=d'=df] sf] cd[t
bhL{sf] cWoIftfdf /x]sf] !# ;b:oLo Pl/of sld6Lx? Psdtn] lgjf{lrt ePsf
5g\ . ;fy} ;f]xL ;Dd]ngdf j[4f ;+u7gsf] Pl/of ;ldlt u+ua'9fs] cWoIftfdf (
;b:oLo / afn ;+u7gsf] Pl/of ;ldlt pGgL lj=s=sf] cWoIftfdf ( ;b:oLo u7g ul/Psf]
lyof] .
;Dd]ngaf6
gjul7t h=j=;=x?sf] ut r}q @@ ut] b'b]lzNnf lg=df=lj= lyk“ a];{gsf]6df cfof]lht
3f]if0ff ;ef sfo{qmddf !@÷!# ;o hgtfsf] aLrdf 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] lyof] .
a]gLsf ;lxbk|lt >4f~hnL M of]4fx?nfO{ ;Ddfg
z'e zdf{
c5fd
-/fdf/f]if0f_÷g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_c5fd lhNnf ;ldltåf/f DofUbLsf] a]gL df]rf{ /
ljgfosdf zfxbt k|fKt ug]{ ;lxbx? k|lt ;Ddfg ub}{ ut a}zfv !! ut] Ps >4f~hnL
;efsf] cfof]hg ul/of] . DofUbLsf] a]gLdf hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf lj|u]8
le=l;= s= ax'aL/, s= of]4f, a6flnog sdf08/ s= ljzfn, a6flnog le=l;= afo' nufot
dxfg\ jL/x?n] zfxbt k|fKt u/]sf lyP .
;f] >4f~hnL ;efdf af]Nb} g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_sf ljz]if
s]Gb|Lo sdfgsf k|ltlglw tyf If]qLo Ao'/f] ;b:o s= dx]Gb|n] k|d'v cltlysf]
x}l;otn] >4f~hnL dGtAo lbg'ePsf] lyof] . >4f~hnL ;efdf af]Nb} b]z /
hgtfsf] nflu d[To'j/0f ;lxbx?sf] d[To' kxf8 eGbf ux|f}+ ePsf], ;lxbx?n] g}
o'unfO{ d'lQm ug]{ s'/f JoQm ug'{ eof] . pxf“n] ;lxbx?sf] /ut kSs} klg v]/
hfg] 5}g / Tof] /ut /Qm aLh eP/ xhf/f}+ xhf/ d'lQm of]4fx? hGdg] s'/f atfpg'
eof] .
>4f~hnL ;efsf] sfo{qmd;+u a]gL df]rf{af6 ljho k|fKt u/L
cfpg] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] Ps 6's'8LnfO{ klg ;f] ;efdf :jfut ul/Psf] lyof] .
;f] cj;/df a]gL df]rf{af6 kms]{sf hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf sDkgL sdL;f/ s=
;Gtf]ifn] a]gL sfjf{xLsf] cg'e"lt ;'gfpb} Toxf“sf] oyfy{ ljj/0f k]z
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pxf“n] /ftLsf] !! ah] b]lv n8fO{ z'? ePsf] / Toxf“sf
;b/d'sfd k'/} dfcf]jfbLsf hgd'lQm ;]gfn] sAhf ug{ ;kmn ePsf] atfpg' eof] .
l;=l8=cf] / l8=P;=kL ;lxt o'lgkmfO8 sdfgsf k|x/L / ;]gfx?sf] #& hgfsf]
hTyfn] cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf] / pgLx?nfO{ h]g]ef dxf;GwL cg'?k Jojxf/ u/]sf] s'/f
atfpg' eof] . pxf“n] DofUbLsf] a]gLdf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] pRr sdf08/ -lj|u]8
le=l;=_ ;Ddsf] alnbfgLn] hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ yk phf{ yk]sf] / To;n] a]gL eGbf
7"nf sfjf{xL ug{ k|]/0ff ldn]sf] s'/f atfpg' eof] .
sl/a kGw| ;o hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] >4f~hnL tyf :jfut
;efdf @% hgf ;lxb kl/jf/x? pkl:yt x'g'x'GYof] . ;lxbx?k|lt ! ldg]6
df}gwf/0f ub}{ ;lxbx?sf] kmf]6f]df dfNofk{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf
k|d'v cltly Pj+ ljz]if s]Gb|Lo sdf08 k|ltlglw s= dx]Gb|n] DofUbL df]rf{af6
kms]{sf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] Ps 6's'8LnfO{ km'ndfnf / clj/ nufP/ :jfut ug'{ePsf]
lyof] .
;f] cj;/df hgu0ftGq /]l8of] g]kfn Pkm=Pd k|zf/0f s]Gb|
;]tL–dxfsfnLsf snfsf/åf/f :jfut uLtn] :jfut ul/Psf] lyof] eg] ;lxbx?sf] ;Ddfgdf
k|ultlzn uLtx?åf/f ;lxbsf] ;kgf ;fsf/ kfg]{ jrg uLtsf] dfWodaf6 k|:t't ul/Psf]
lyof] . ;efsf ;efklt s= z/bl;+x e08f/Ln] ;lxbx?sf] d[To'j/0fsf] 7"nf]
dxTjePsf] s'/f atfp“b} of] alnbfgLn] qmflGtnfO{ ljhosf] lzv/df k'¥ofpg] ljrf/
JoQm ug'{eof] . ;f] ;efsf] ;~rfng s= k[YjLn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
To;}u/L c5fd lhNnfsf] ljgfosdf ljif' ;+qmflGt dgfpg hDdf ePsf
!)cf}+ xhf/ hgtfsf] le8df x]lnsf]K6/af6 Pr=Pd=hL= kmfo/ u/L & hgfsf] xTof /
%) hgf hlt 3fOt] ePsf lyP . pQm xTofsf08df lzIfs, ljBfyL{ / ;j{;fwf/0f
hgtfsf] xTof ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm 36gfaf/] em'6f k|rf/ ub}{
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] sfo{qmddf x]lnsf]K6/ dfly kmfo/ u/]sf]n] To;sf] k|ltsf/df
xjfO{ kmfo/ ubf{ Ps dlxnfsf] d[To' ePsf] eGg] em'6f k|rf/ /]l8of] g]kfnn]
u/]sf] lyof] .
ljgfos xTofsf08sf] af/]df gful/s ;dfhsf] Ps 6f]nLn] :ynut
lg/LIf0f u/L Ps k|ltj]bg tof/ u/]sf 5g\ . pQm 36gfsf] 5fgljg ug{ # hgfsf]
gful/s ;dfhsf] 6f]nL ag]sf] lyof] . ;f] 36gfsf] af/]df a'4hLjL,
sfg"gljb / kqsf/x?sf] 6f]nLn] l/kf]6{ tof/ u/]sf] lyof] . Toxf“ s'g}
xftxltof/ gePsf] / hgtfnfO{ x]lnsf]K6/af6 kmfo/ u/L lgbf]{if hgtfsf] xTof
ul/Psf] ;f] 5fgljg6f]nLn] cfkm\gf] l/kf]6{df hgfPsf] 5 . pQm k|ltj]bgn]
cGo dfgjflwsf/ 6f]nL, a'l4hLjL / gful/s ;dfhnfO{ 36gfsf] af/]df oyfy{ a'em\g
;d]t cfx\jfg u/]sf] 5 .
zfxL;]gfsf] HofbtLaf6 kLl8tnfO{ dfcf]jfbLåf/f /fxt
sfnLsf]6
÷g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sflnsf]6n] ut r}q @& ut] lhNnfsf] ?K;fdf Ps sfo{qmdsf]
cfof]hgf u/L zfxL;]gfåf/f kLl8t 3/kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLsf] cfwf/ If]qnfO{ Wj:t kfg]{ nIosf ;fy @)%* kmfu'g
kl5 km]l/ Psk6s zfxL;]gf sfnLsf]6nfO{ c5fd / jfh'/f sf]N6Ljf6 3]/f xfNb} ufp“df
k;]sf] lyof] . xTof/f] ;]gfn] ljut / clxn] u/]/ ;j{;fwf/0fsf 3/ eTsfof],
hnfof], nfvf}sf] wgdfn n'6\of] . hgtfnfO{ cft+lst kf¥of] . hgtf
h+un/lt/ n's], zfxL ;]gfn] ufp“df 3/sf 9f]sf tf8]/ n'6kf6\ u¥of] .
/fxft ljt/0f sfo{qmddf zfxL ;]gf4f/f kLl8t sf]6jf8f, nfn' /
dfnsf]6sf !^ 3/ kl/jf/nfO{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] cf9\g] sDdn, rfdn, vwfn' k};f ;fgf]
k}dfgfdf ePklg ljt/0f u/]sf lyP . ;f] sfo{qmddf pkl:ylt ub}{
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sfnLsf]6 lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=k/fqmdLn] kLl8tx?nfO{ clegGbg
ub}{ sDdn, rfdn / ?k}of ljt/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . To; sfo{qmddf af]Nb}
pxf“n] – clxn] xfdL;“u Iflt a/fj/sf] ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] cf}sft 5}g To;}n] xfdL
ef}lts rLh 7"nf] dfqfdf lbg ;Sb}gf} eGg'ePsf] lyof] . ;fy} pxf“n]
ef}lts rLhsf] cfjZostfn] dfG5] slxn] ;DkGg x'b}g . xfdL t sxLNo} g;lsg] ,
gxfg]{ rLh k|r08kysf] ljrf/ lbg rfxG5f} eGg] s'/f pkl:yt ;j}nfO{ atfpg' ePsf]
lyof] .
Toxf“ kLl8tx? sf]6jf8fsf jn?k lji6 nfO{ Ps sDdn, Ps SjLG6n
rfdn / @ ;o ?k}of, dfg axfb'/ lji6nfO{ @ sDdn, ! SjLG6n rfdn / @)) ?k}of,
uflsnf lji6nfO{ ! sDdn, ! SjL=rfdn, @)) gub, nId0f lj=s=nfO{ ! sDdn, !SjL=rfdn,
@ ;o ?k}of, dgaxfb'/ lj=s= @ sDdn, !SjL=rfdn, @ ;o gub, /g lji6nfO{ @ sDdn,
!SjL=rfdn, @ ;o gub, s[i0f lji6nfO{ ! sDdn, !SjL=rfdn,@ ;o ?k}of“, b'uf{ lji6 @
sDdn, @ SjL rfdn, @ ;o gub, sj]/ ! sDdn, !SjL=rfdn, @ ;o gub, ldpl;+u] lji6
!SjL=rfdn, @ ;o ?k}of, ;fu/ lj=s= @ ;o ?k}of, lsp/L lj=s= % SjL=rfdn, nfn'sf
lj/hLt af]x/fnfO{ @ sDdn, !SjL=rfdn @ ;o , a]nf lji6 ! sDdn / @ ;o ?k}of, /
dfNsf]6sf /fd axfb'/ zfxLnfO{ %SjL= rfdn k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . /, yk c? sDdnx?
klg ljt/0f ug]{ hfgsf/L sfo{qmdsf
cfof]hsn] atfPsf 5g\ .
sfo{qmddf cfÎgf] efj /fVb} zfxL ;]gf4f/f kLl8t sf]6jf8f– !sf
dg lj=s= / sf]6jf8f ^ ls u/]lsnf lji6n] dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . @)%* kmfu'gdf d+un;]g c5fdsf] xf/kl5
j'x'nfP/ cfPsf]] ;]gfn] 3/ ;DkQL
hnfof] . km]/L c´} )^) sf] kmfu'gdf cfP/ zfxL ;]gfaf6 km]/L ;f]xL l:ylt
bf]xf]l/bf dg] lj=s= eGg' x'G5– pm ;j}nfO{ cft+sjfbL b]V5, b'Zdgn] xfd|f] 3/df
Iflt k'¥ofof] . To;jf6 xfdL 8/fPsf 5}gf} . qmflGtdf Iflt :jfefljs
x'G5 . o;}u/L !÷@ jif{sf] 5f]/f ;dft]/ dGrdf cfÎgf] kL8f ;'gfpg k'u]sL
;lxb uf]lvnf lji6n] eGg' ePsf] lyof]– b'Zdgn] 3/ hnfP klg ;j 7Ls 5 , hgo'4sf]
ljhosf] nflu hlt /ut ju]sf] 5 c´}+ alnbfg ug{ tof/ 5f} .
/fxft ljt/0f sfo{qmddf sflnsf]6
Pl/of g+= @ sf OGrfh{ ;'gLnsf] cWoIftf / ;f]xL Pl/ofsf ;]qm]6/L s=ls/0fn]
;+rfng ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
lh=h=;=4f/f ljefu ljefhg
x'Dnf÷ e]/L s0ff{nL :jfoQ k|b]z cGt/ut lhNnf hg ;/sf/
x'Dnfn] ljleGg ljefux? lgdf{0f u/L wdf wd sfo{Gjogdf NofO{ ;s]sf] 5 .
kmfl;jfbL s'lxPsf] k"/fgf] j'9f] ;Qfsf] ;Grf/ ldl8ofaf6
dfcf]jfbL vtd ePsf] s'k|rf/sf] hlt 9\jfª km'Sb} lx8]klg x'Dnfsf ufp“ jl:tx?df
oLg} ljleGg ljefu4f/f sfd ;Grfng eO/x]sf 5g\ . ljefux? h:t} v]ns"b
tyf lzIff ljefu, ;"rgf tyf ;Grf/ ljefu, Gofo ljefu, ;xsf/L ljefu, cfly{s
ljefu, k|fljlws ljefu, s[lif ljefu cflb ljleGg ljefux? lh=h=;= 4f/f lgdf{0f ul/
tTjsfn sfo{Gjogdf Nofpbf x'DnL jf;L hgtf y'k|} nfefGjLt ePsf 5g\ .
ef]hk'/df 5 3G6f le8Gt, kfr zfxL ;]gf d/]
ef]hk'/sf] b]p/fnL ufh;df a}zfv @( ut] laxfg 5 ah]b]lv !@
ah];Dd hg;]gf / zfxL ;]gfaLr ePsf] bf]xf]/f] le8Gtdf kf“r zfxL ;]gfsf]
36gf:ynd} d[To" ePsf] 5 eg] cGo y'k|} 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . pQm le8Gtdf
hgd'lQm ;]gfn] @ yfg P;Pncf/ / cf7;o yfg PnPdhLsf] uf]nL ;lxtsf xltof/ sAhf
u/]sf 5g\ . eL8Gtdf # hgf hgof]4fsf] zxfbt ePsf] hgfOPsf] 5 . hgd'lQm
;]gf;“u xf/]/ efu]sf] zfxL ;]gfn] cfkm\gf] IfltnfO{ n'sfP/ hg;]gftkm{ !% hgf
dfl/Psf] eGb} em'6\7f k|rf/ u/]sf] 5 .