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jif{ !# c+s @^,
h]i7 !@ , @)^! Year 13, Issue 26, May 25,
2004 |
qmflGtsf/L kqsf/x?sf] e"ldsf / bfloTj
8f=
afa'/fd e§f/fO{
s'g} klg qmflGtsf/L
cfGbf]ngdf kqsf/x?sf] 7"nf] e"ldsf x'G5 . cfh;Ddsf] ljZjsf] s'g}
klg 7"nf] hgjfbL jf ;dfhjfbL qmflGt kqsf/x?sf] cxd\ e"ldsf ljgf
;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5}g . To;}n] ljZjsf k|foM ;j} dxfg\
qmflGtsf/L g]tfx?n] cfÎgf] hLjgsf] s'g} sfnv08df k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kn]
kqsfl/tfsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] b]lvG5 . xfdL ;j}nfO{ yfxf ePsf]
s'/f xf] sfn{ dfS;{ :jo+n] cfÎgf] hLjgsf] z'?df …Go" /fOg; hfO6'+uÚ eGg]
klqsfdf k|wfg ;Dkfbs eP/ sfd ug{‘ePsf] lyof] / kl5 nfdf] ;do;Dd jxf …Go"
of]s{ l6«Jo"gÚsf] :tDen]vs x'g'x'GYof] . To;/L g} n]lggn] …O:qmfÚ
klqsfsf] ;Dkfbg ug{‘x'GYof] eg] dfcf]n] klg qmflGtsf] cjlwe/ dfq xf]Og qmflGt
;DkGg e};s]kl5 klg cfkm}+n] kf6L{ / u}/–kf6L{ k|sfzgx?sf] ;Dkfbg ug]{ /
ltgLx?df lgoldt n]v, l6Kk0fL, ;DkfbsLox? n]Vg] sfo{ ug{‘x'GYof] . o;}jf6
dfq klg qmflGt / kqsfl/tf jLr slt 3lgi7 / cljefHo ;DjGw /x]5 eGg] oy]i7
emNsf] ldN5 .
kqsf/sf] sfo{ / e"ldsf
cflv/ qmflGtdf kqsfl/tfsf] Tolt 7"nf] dxTj / e"ldsf
x'g'sf] sf/0f s] xf] t< Pp6f qmflGtsf/L kqsf/n] ug{' kg]{ d'Vo sfd s] s] x'g
t <
;fdfGotof kqsf/sf] sfd ;"rgf k|jfx ug{' xf] / qmflGtsf/L
kqsf/sf] sfd qmflGtsf] lxtdf ;"rgf k|jfx ug{‘ xf] . o;f] eGbf
kqsfl/tfsf] If]q ;+s'lrt ePsf] jf kqsf/sf] e"ldsf ;f+u'/f] kfl/Psf] h:tf]
nfUg ;S5 . t/ s'/f To;f] xf]Og . …;"rgfÚ (information) sf]
cy{ / dxTjnfO{ 7Ls;+u gj'¤bf dfq s;}nfO{ To:tf] nfUg ;S5 . ju{–ljeflht
;dfhdf ;"rgf eg]sf] d"ntM ju{–;+3if{sf] k|lqmof / 36gfsf] hfgsf/L xf]
/ To;kl5 dflg;sf] k|s[lt;+u ;+3if{sf] k|lqmof / 36gfsf] klg hfgsf/L xf] .
;Dk"0f{ j|Dxf08sf ;j} ;"rgfx? cGttM oL b'O ;+3if{sf 36gf–k|lqmof;+u
;DjlGwt x'G5g\ . To;}n] of] ljzfn ;"rgfsf] dxf;fu/df k;]/
;"rgfx?sf] 7Ls 7Ls klxrfg ug{‘ / ltgnfO{ 7Ls tl/sfn] ;xL uGtJo;Dd ;Dk|]if0f
ug{‘ sd h6Ln / sd dxTjsf] sfd x'“b}xf]Og . km]l/ lg/Gt/ rln/xg]
ju{–;+3if{df cfÎgf] juL{o kIfw/tfsf] 7Ls klxrfg u/]/ ;"rgfsf] ;xL 5gf]6
ug{‘ / k|ultkIfLo ju{sf] lxtdf ;"rgf ;+rfl/t ug{‘ emg\ j9L s7Lg / w]/}
dxTjsf] sfd xf] . To;}n] qmflGtsf/L kqsf/sf] sfd tTsfnLg ;dfh ljsf;sf]
r/0fsf] ;fk]Iftfdf k|ultzLn ju{x?sf] kIfdf ;dfh / k|s[ltsf ;"rgfx?sf]
k|jfx ug{‘ xf] .
;dfh ljsf;sf] qmd;+u} / ju{–;+3if{ tyf k|s[lt;+u ;+3if{sf]
tLj|tf ;+u;+u} ;"rgf / ;+rf/sf] dxTj j9]/ hfG5 . cflbd sljnfO o'ub]lv
bf;, ;fdGtjfbL / k|flDes k'lhjfbL x'“b} clxn]sf] e"d08nLs[t k'“lhjfbL
;fd|fHojfbL o'u;Ddsf] dfgj Oltxf;nfO{ x]bf{ k|To]s r/0fdf ;"rgf / ;+rf/sf]
e"ldsf / dxTj HofldtLo cg'kftdf j9\b} uPsf] k|i6;+u b]Vg ;lsG5 .
km]l/ klg c? ;j} k|0ffnL eGbf k'“lhjfb g} :jefj}n] lg/Gt/ lj:tf/d'vL /
ljZjJofkL k|0ffnL ePsfn] jt{dfg ;fd|fHojfbL o'udf g} ;"rgf / ;+RFF/sf]
dxTj ;jeGbf j9L /xg uPsf] 5 / To;}n] ;fd|fHojfbL l;¢fGtsf/x?n] jt{dfg o'unfO{
;"rgf / ;+rf/sf] o'u klg eGg] ub{5g\ . k'“hLklt ju{ / ;j{xf/fju{ Pp6}
o'u?kL l;Ssfsf] ljkl/t kf6f] ePsf] x“'bf k'“lhkltju{nfO{ cfÎgf] d'gfkmf
cflwSoLs/0f (maximization) ug{ /
lz3| c;'n ug{ ;"rgf / ;+rf/sf] hlt w]/} cfjZostf / dxTj x'G5 Tolt g}
k"“hLjfbL ;fd|fHojfbsf] lj?¢ ;+3if{ ug{ ;j{xf/fju{nfO{ ;"rgf /
;+rf/sf] dxTj x'G5 . o;}jf6 ;j{xf/fjfbL qmflGtsf/L kqsf/x?sf] e"ldsf
jt{dfg o'udf emg\ slt w]/} j9]/ uPsf] 5 eGg] :jtM :ki6 x'G5 . ;fy}
;fd|fHojfbsf] csf]{ gfp“ …o'¢ k"“hLjfbÚ ePsf] x'“bf p;n] ;"rgf /
;+rf/nfO{ cfÎgf] cGofok"0f{ o'¢df k|rf/–o'¢sf] ;zQm xltof/sf] ?kdf k|of]u
ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 / ;j{xf/fju{n] klg …h:tfnfO{ t:t}Ú sf] z}nLdf ;"rgf /
;+rf/nfO{ Gofok"0f{ qmflGtsf/L o'¢sf] k"/s xltof/sf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{‘
ljNs'n :jfefljs / cfjZos x'G5 . vfln km/s s] dfq eg] k|ltlqmofjfbL ju{n]
cfÎgf] cNk;+Vos juL{o rl/q cg'?k To;nfO{ b'ik|rf/sf] ;fwgsf] ?kdf k|of]u u5{
eg] jx';+Vos hg;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;j{xf/fju{n] ;To / tYosf] k|;f/ u/]/
b':k|rf/nfO{ lrg]{ xltof/sf] ?kdf ;"rgf / ;+rf/nfO{ pkof]u u5{ .
qmflGtsf/L kqsf/ / klqsfsf] oxL d"ne"t ;"rgf
k|jfxsf] sfdnfO{ tLg efudf ljlzi7Ls/0f ub}{ n]lggn] k|rf/stf{, cfGbf]ngstf{ /
;+u7gstf{sf] ?kdf ljeflht ug{‘ ePsf] k|;+unfO{ xfdLn] 7Ls;+u j'¤g / cfTd;ft ug{
h?/L 5 . ;"rgf k|jfxs} ;di6Lut sfdsf] qmddf Pp6f kqsf/ jf p;sf]
klqsfn] Ps} ;fy k|rf/stf{, cfGbf]ngstf{ / ;+u7gstf{sf] sfd ug]{ ePsfn] qmflGtsf/L
kqsf/sf oL tLg e"ldsfnfO{ 5'§f5'§} ?kdf xf]Og ls PsLs[t ?kdf j'¤g / u|x0f
ug{ cfjZos 5 . oL tLg cGt/;DjlGwt / PsLs[t e"ldsfnfO{ 7Ls;+u gj'em]/
jf u|x0f gu/]/ ltgnfO{ Ps csf{jf6 cnUofpg] k|oTg ul/of] eg] rflx+ kqsf/ jf
klqsfn] tLdWo] s'g} klg e"ldsf 7Ls;+u lgjf{x ug{ ;Sb}g . lsgls
cfGbf]ng / ;+u7gjf6 cnu eP/ ul/g] k|rf/ lg?2]Zo / lg:k|efjL x'G5 / k|sf/fGt/n]
k|ltqmflGtsf/L x'g k'U5 eg] k|rf/sf] g};lu{s e"ldsf lj;]{/ jf pk]Iff u/]/
cfGbf]ng / ;+u7gsf] dfq e"ldsf lgefpg] k|oTgn] kqsf/nfO{ jf:tljs cy{df
…kqsf/Ú g} /xg lbb}g / Tof] csf]{ sf]0fjf6 lj;h{gjfb x'gk'U5 . o;jf/]
xfd|f qmflGtsf/L kqsf/x? ljz]if uDeL/ x'g h?/L 5 .
nfn / lgk"0f{ x'g] k|Zg
oyfl:yltjfbL kqsf/ j[Qdf cS;/ kqsfl/tfnfO{ slyt …ldzg
kqsfl/tfÚ / …Joj;flos kqsfl/tfÚ df ljefhg ug]{ / PsnfO{ csf]{sf] lj?¢df pEofpg]
k|of; ul/Psf] x'G5 . cyf{t pgLx? juL{o kIfw/tf / ;fdflhs bfloTj lgjf{xnfO{
…ldzgÚ eg]/ b'Tsfg]{ jf pkxf; ug]{ ub{5g\ eg] ju{lg/k]Iftf -jf oyfl:yltsf]
kIfkf]if0f_ / JolQmut :jfy{ cg';/0fnfO{ …Joj;flostfÚ sf] ku/L u'yfp“5g\ .
k/Gt' hLljt ;To s] xf] eg] ju{–ljeflht ;dfhdf kqsfl/tf nufot ;j} k]zfdf ;+nUg
x'g]x?sf] juL{o kIfw/tf clgjfo{ ?kdf x'G5 / cf–cfÎgf] juL{o /fhg}lts k|ltj¢tf /
k]zfut Joj;flostf jLr s'g} rLlgof kvf{n v8f ug{ ldNb}g . o;/L ;fdflhs
bfloTj / JolQmut ?rL tyf cfjZostf jLr cGt/lj/f]w v8f u/]/ k|sf/fGt/n] s'g}
JolQmnfO{ ;fdflhs bfloTj lgjf{x ug{jf6 jl~rt ug{‘ / oyfl:yltsf] bf; jgfpg' 3f]/
k|ltufdL lrGtg xf] . To;}n] qmflGtsf/L kqsf/x? o:tf] ;fdflhs d"Nojf]w
/ JolQmut cfjZostf jLr s[lqd kmf6f] l;h{gf ug]{ k|ltqmflGtsf/L if8\oGqjf6 d'Qm
x'g}k5{ / juL{o kIfw/tf / k]zfut Joj;flostf jLr plrt ;+of]hg sfod ug{ ;Ifd
x'g}k5{ .
oxL k|Zg ;j{xf/fjfbL cfGbf]ngdf
klg …nfnÚ (red) /
…lgk"0f{Ú (expert) sf]
?kdf cS;/ p7\g] ub{5 . qmflGtsf/L kqsf/x?sf] xsdf klg pgLx? …nfnÚ x'g' j9L
cfjZos ls …lgk"0f{Ú x'g' j9L cfjZos eGg] lx;fjn] k|Zg ug]{ u/]sf]
kfOG5 . o;/L ljkl/tx?sf] PsTjsf] ?kdf /x]sf] Pp6f ;du| j:t' jf k|lqmofsf
b'O k|ju{x?nfO{ cnUofP/ Pssf] lj?¢df csf]{nfO{ pWofpg] s'/f ljNs'n} cj}1flgs /
cj;/jfbL k|j[lQ xf] . …nfnÚ ge}sg …lgk"0f{Ú x'g ;lsg] jf …lgk"0f{Ú
ge}sg …nfnÚ x'g ;lsg] cj}1flgs k|:yfkgf cl3 ;f/]/ ;fdfGo sfo{stf{x?nfO{ e|ldt
kfg'{ / To;} jLrjf6 cfÎgf] :jfy{k"lt{ ug{' blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfbL /
h8;"qLo–;+zf]wgjfbL tl/sf xf] . df–n]–dfjfbL lj1fgsf] ;xL dfGotf s]
xf] eg] kqsf/ nufot sf]xL klg nfn ge}sg lgk"0f{ x'g ;Sb}g / lgk"0f{
ge}sg jf:tljs cy{sf] nfn klg x'g ;Dej x'b}g . 7Ls;+u lx+8\gsf] lglDt b]j|]
v'§f / bflxg] v'§f b'j} cfjZos eP em}+ c;n qmflGtsf/L kqsf/ jGgsf] lglDt nfn /
lgk"0f{ b'j} x'g h?/L x'G5 . b]z / sfnsf] 7f]; cj:yf / cd"s
JolQmsf] ljsf;sf] 7f]; l:yltnfO{ Wofg lb+b} tTsfn s'g kIfdf hf]8 lbg] eGg]
rflx+ ;fdfGo s'/f xf], h;jf/] ;DjlGwt ;j}n] Vofn /fVg}kb{5 . qmflGtsf/L
cfGbf]ng sdhf]/ ePsf] j]nfdf …nfnÚ x'gdf hf]8 lbg] / cfGbf]ng jlnof] ePsf]
j]nfdf …lgk"0f{Ú x'gdf Wofg lbg] rflx+ ;fdfGo lgod} xf] eGg ;lsG5 .
km]l/ klg d'Vo s'/f juL{o b[li6sf]0fdf k|i6 /xg] / qmflGtsf] lj1fgnfO{ bx|f];+u
kqmg] s'/f g} xf], h;lglDt nfn / lgk"0f{ b'j} x'g h?/L x'G5 .
z}nLsf] k|Zg
qmflGtsf/L kqsf/x?n] Wofg lbg'kg]{ csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ k|Zg
;"rgf ;Dk|]if0fsf] z}nL xf] . lglZrt ?kdf z}nLsf] k|Zg ;+rf/sf] dfWod
cg';f/ klg km/s km/s x'g] ub{5 . cfhsf] tLj| ?kn] lj:tfl/t x'“b} uPsf]
cfw'lgs ;+rf/ k|ljlwsf] o'udf ljB'tLo ;+rf/ dfWodx? / lk|G6 ldl8of -kqklqsf_ df
s]xL km/s z}nL cjZo x'G5 . km]l/ klg xfd|f] h:tf] lk5l8Psf] / ufp“ k|wfg
kl/j]zdf nfdf] ;do;Dd /]l8of] -Pkm\ =Pd= ;lxt_ / kqklqsfx?sf] g} j9L ;xf/f
lng'kg]{ lglZrt 5 . To;}n] tTsfn xfd|f kqsf/x?n] kqklqsf / /]l8of] dfkm{t\
;+rf/sf] z}nLdf g} ljz]if Wofg s]lGb«t ug{‘kg]{ x'G5 .
z}nLjf/] s'/f ubf{ qmflGtsf/L kqsf/x?n] cfÎgf] nlIot
;d'bfonfO{ s]Gb«ljGb"df /fVg'kb{5 . clxn]sf] xfd|f] hgjfbL qmflGtsf]
r/0fdf ;"rgf ;+rf/sf] k|d'v nlIot
;d'bfo eg]sf] u|fdL0f ls;fg, Go"g–k'“lhklt ju{ -u|fdL0f tyf zxl/of_, dlxnf,
hghflt, blnt / cGo pTkLl8t ;d"xx? x'g\ . pNn]Vo Go"g–k'“lhklt /
;fgf] /fli6«o k'“hLkltju{ jfx]s xfd|f] qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]]ngsf cGo d'Vo tyf
;xfos zlQmx? clzlIft jf cw{–lzlIft txsf 5g\ / pgLx?sf] ;f+:s[lts :t/ w]/}
Go"g 5 . To;}n] xfd|f kqsf/x?n] ;"rgf / ljrf/ k|jflxt ubf{
To:tf] lk5l8Psf] hg;d'bfon] ;d]t ;lhn} j'¤g] vfnsf c;fWo} ;/n / l;wf efiffsf]
z}nL k|of]u ug{‘kb{5 . clt lSni6 / zf:qLo z}nL hg;d'bfosf]lglDt jf]wuDo
x'g};Sb}g . …snf snfsf] lglDtÚ jf …:jfGt ;'vfoÚ -cfÎg} v'zLsf] lglDt_ sf]
l;¢fGtdf ljZjf; /fVg] k|ltufdL kqsf/x? / ;fdflhs k|ltj¢tf ePsf qmflGtsf/L kqsf/x?n]
ckgfpg] ;"rgf k|jfxsf] z}nLdf cfwf/e"t cGt/ x'g}k5{ .
To;/L g} kf6L{ leq / kf6L{ jflx/sf nlIot ;d'bfosf] lglDt
;"rgf ;+rf/sf] z}nLdf klg cGt/ x'g'kb{5 . xfd|f clwsf+z kqsf/ /
n]vsx?n] of] s'/fdf Tolt Wofg lbPsf] kfOGg . dfS;{jfbL ;flxTo;+u kl/lrt /
ckl/lrtx?sf lglDt Pp6} efiff–z}nLsf] k|of]u eof] eg] Tof] ;j}nfO{ plQs} u|fxo /
k|efjsf/L x'“b}g . ;fy} kf6L{ leq / jflx/ klg r]tgf:t/df y'k|} c;dfgtf
x'g]x'bf ;s];Dd ;j}nfO{ jf]wuDo x'g] u/L xfdLn] ;"rgf / ljrf/ ;Dk|]if0f
ug{‘kb{5 . o; ;Gbe{df dfcf]n] j8f] dfld{s 9+un] eGg'ePsf] …l3;]lk6]sf]
n]vgz}nLsf] lj/f]w u/Ú eGg] s'/fnfO{ xd]zf cfTd;ft ug{‘kb{5 . xfdLdWo]
w]/}sf] jfgL clxn];Dd klg pxL l3;]lk6]sf] z}nL bf]xf]¥ofpg] 5 . cfkm}n]
gj'¤g] vfnsf zJb hjh{:tL y'kf/]/ kfl08To k|bz{g ug]{ / leqL cGt/j{:t'nfO{ eGbf
jflx/L ?k kIfdf hf]8 lbg] lgDg–k'“lhjfbL cfnf]s k|j[lQnfO{ xfdLn] kl/Tofu
ug}{k5{ .
qmflGtsf/L kqsf/x?n] ckgfpg' kg]{ ;+rf/sf] csf]{ z}nL
qmflGtsf/L pTkLl8t ju{sf] cfr/0f ;'xfp“bf] hLjGt, :ki6 / n8fs' z}nL xf] .
qmflGtsf/Lx? xd]zf ;To / Gofosf kIfw/ x'gfn] pgLx?n] slxNo} klg bf]wf/],
b'Olhe|] jf ;GWofefiffdf s'/f /fVg' x'“b}g . bf]xf]/f] cy{ nfUg] 9+un]
cleJolQm lbg] / h;n] h] j'em] klg To;}df cfÎgf] lht b]Vg] dWodfuL{ cj;/jfbL
k|j[lQaf6 ;Rrf qmflGtsf/Lx? d'Qm x'g}k5{ . To;/L g} qmflGtsf/Lx?n] slxNo}
klg dfcf]n] eGg'eP em}+– “d;Lgf] :j/df u'gu'gfpg] / s'/f rkfpg]
ug{‘x'“b}g . ==== xfdLn] hgtfnfO{ ;To lrGg] lzIff lbg / ltgsf] cfÎg}
d'lQmsf] nflu n8\g ltgnfO{ Jo"“emfpg rfx]sf x'gfn] xfdLnfO{=== n8fs"
z}nLsf] vf“rf] k5{ . e'Q] rSs'n] j}/Lsf] /ut jufpg ;Sb}g .
tTsfnLg g]kfnL ;Gbe{
qmflGtsf/L kqsf/x?sf] e"ldsf / bfloTj qmflGtsf/L
cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf;sf] ult;+u} kl/jlt{t x'“b} hfg] s'/fnfO{ klg kqsf/x?n] xd]zf
Vofn /fVg'kb{5 . ljz]iftM qmflGtsf/L hgo'¢sf /0fg}lts /Iff, /0fg}lts
;Gt'ng / /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf tL d'Vo r/0fx?df /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o zlQm
;Gt'ng / o'¢sf] z}nL tyf Onfsfdf dxTjk"0f{ kl/jt{g x'“b} hfg] / ;du|
ju{;+3if{ / cGt/;+3if{sf] If]qdf ;d]t 7"nf] kl/jt{g x'g] x'gfn] qmflGtsf/L
kqsf/x?n] ;f]xL cg';f/ cfÎgf] e"ldsfnfO{ kl/dflh{t ub}{ n}hfg ;Sg'kb{5 .
cGoyf pgLx? ?9Ljfbdf km:g] vt/f /xG5 .g]kfnL hgo'¢ oltj]nf /0fg}lts
k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0flt/ pGd'v e}/x]sf] 5 . /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf
:jefjtM cGt/f{li6«o cGt/lj/f]wsf] l:ylt, k|ltlqmofjfbL zf;sju{ leqsf]
cGt/lj/f]wsf] l:ylt, cfd hg;d'bfo / ljz]iftM zx/L Onfsfsf hg;d'bfosf] ;dy{g /
lqmofzLntf / d'Qm u|fdL0f Onfsfx?sf] ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] cj:yfn] lg0ff{os c;/
ub{5 . To;}n] qmflGtsf/L kqsf/x?n] oL ljljw kIfsf] j:t'ut d"Nof+sg
u/]/ ;f]xL cg';f/ ;To / tYosf] ;"rgf k|;fl/t ug{ xfd|f kqsf/x?n] klg
;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] ljZj:t/sf] ;+rf/ ;fd|fHo;+u 6Ss/ lng] Ifdtfsf] ljsf;
ug}{kb{5 . xfn g]kfnsf] ;+rf/ If]qdf bnfn / ljb]zL Psflwsf/ k'“lhkltx?sf]
jr{:j sfod x'“b} uPsf] x'bf“ tL leqsf b]zeQm / k|ultzLn tTjx?;+u Pstf sfod u/]/
qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ cu|ult lbg qmflGtsf/L kqsf/x?n] ljz]if e"ldsf
lgjf{x ug{‘kb{5 . To;/L g} cj ;+3if{sf] s]Gb« qmdzM zx/L Onfsf jGb} hfg]
ePsfn] zxl/of dWojtL{ tKsfdf ljBdfg e|dnfO{ lgjf/0f u/]/ pgLx?nfO{ qmflGtsf]
kIfdf cfslif{t ug{ ljz]if k|rf/ cleofg ;+rfng ug{‘kb{5 . k|rf/sf] qmddf
k|ltlqmofjfbLx?sf ck/fw / cTofrf/x?sf] e08fkmf]/ ;fy;fy} qmflGtsf/L
cfwf/Onfsfx?sf gof“ lgdf{0f / gof“ ;+:s[ltsf ;sf/fTds kIfx?nfO{ zxl/of /
cGt/f{li6«o hg;d'bfo ;dIf 7Ls 9+un] ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ s'/fdf qmflGtsf/L kqsf/x?sf]
ljz]if Wofg s]lGb«t x'g'kb{5 . ;fy} /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0f sf] qmddf lg0ff{os
e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ kf6L{ / hg;]gfsf of]¢fx?sf] dgf]jn pRr /fVg] 9+un]
xfd|f kqsf/x?n] cfÎgf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 .
/0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0f ;du| hgo'¢sf] c;fWo} ;+j]bgzLn /
lg0ff{os r/0f ePsfn] oltj]nf cfGbf]ngdf j}rfl/s ;+3if{sf] k|Zg klg gof“ p“rfOdf
k'Ug] s'/fnfO{ qmflGtsf/L kqsf/x?n] /fd|/L cfTd;ft ug{‘kb{5 . qmflGtsf/L
hgo'¢ d"ntM qmflGtsf/L ljrf/sf] jndf nl8b} cfPsf] x'“bf ljrf/sf] xltof/
;dfTg] kqsf/x?n] of] j}rfl/s ;+3if{df dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg ug{;Sb5g\ /
ug{‘kb{5 . xfd|f] cfGbf]ngdf lg/Gt/ ultdf /x]sf] j}rfl/s ;+3if{ oltj]nf
hgjfbsf] ljsf;sf] k|Zgdf 3gLe"t ePsf] 5 / To;nfO{ 7Ls;+u u|x0f u/]/ tfls{s
lgisif{df k'¥ofpg qmflGtsf/L kqsf/x?n] klg cfÎgf] e"ldsf /fd|/L lgjf{x
ug{‘kb{5 . hgjfbsf] ljsf;sf] k|Zg d"ntM ljutdf qmflGtsf/L ;Qf /
To;sf] g]t[Tjjf6} ePsf] k|ltqmflGtsf cg'ejsf cfwf/df cfd kf6L{ sfo{stf{ /
hg;d'bfosf] ljb«f]xsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ /0fg}lts clek|fon] cl3 ;fl/Psf]
x'“bf o;nfO{ xfd|f kqsf/x?n] kf6L{leq / jflx/ 7Ls 9+un] ;Dk|]lift ug]{ s'/fdf
ljz]if Wofg lbg'kb{5 . j[xb hgjfbsf] hudf jlnof] s]Gb«Lotf lgdf{0f u/]/
k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qf Wj:t ub}{ gof“ ;j{xf/fjfbL ;Qf :yfkgf ug]{ / tTkZrft\ k'gM
j[xb\ hgjfbsf] ;fu/df gof“ ;QfnfO{ ljnf]kLs/0f ub}{ /fHoljxLg ;fDojfbdf k'Ug]
xfd|f] clGtd ceLi6 xf] eGg] ;"rgfsf] ;+rf/ lg/Gt/ 9+un] cfd kf6L{k+lQm /
hg;d'bfodf ug{“ ;DejtM xfd|f qmflGtsf/L kqsf/x?sf] ;jeGbf 7"nf] bfloTj
x'g]5 .
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w]/} dxTjk"0f{ 5 . cGttM ;j} vfn] o'¢sf] cGTo ug]{ clGtd o'¢sf
;Dk"0f{ of]¢fx?dWo] kqsfl/tf If]qsf j}rfl/s of]¢fx? cfÎgf] Tof]
e"ldsf / bfloTjnfO{ zfgbf/ ?kdf k"/f ug{ x/t/xn] tTk/ /xg}k5{ .
qmflGtsf/L kqsf/x?;+u o'usf] dfu oxL xf] .
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