|
jif{ !# c+s @^,
h]i7 !@ , @)^! Year 13, Issue 26, May 25,
2004 |
hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ df]rf{a4 n8fO{df csf{] ;kmntf
cTofw'lgs xltof/ sAhf , 8]9 bh{g b'Zdg ;]gfsf] d[To'
wgu9L÷ hgd'lQm ;]gf,
g]kfnsf] klZrd l8lehg cGt/ut ln:g] ufd t]>f] la|u]8sf] Ps 6's8L / k'/fgf]
;Qfsf] zfxL cd]l/sg ;]gf aLr h]7 ^ ut] 8f]6Lsf] 3G6]Zj/ uf=h=;=– @ df ePsf]
df]rf{a4 n8fO{df hg;]gfn] 7'nf] ;kmntf k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . ;f] n8fO{df b'Zdg
tkm{ 8]9 bh{gsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 .
hgd'lQm ;]gf / zfxL cd]l/sg ;]gf aLr
3G6]Zj/sf] d08Lsf] h+undf ljxfg ^ ah] b]lv a]n'sf ;ft ah];Dd eLif0f le8Gt ePsf]
lyof] . ;f] :yfgdf s}nfnL / lbkfonaf6 zfxL ;]gfsf] 7'nf] kmf];{ ufp“df
ck|]zg ug{ cfPsf] lyof] . hg;]gfn] hdLgL n8fO{df xfon sfon agfPkl5 zfxL
;]gfn] x]lnsK6/sf] k|of]u u/]sf] lyof] . laxfg !) ah] b]lv a]n'sf ^ ah]
;Dd x]lnsK6/af6 nuftf/ cfqmd0f u/]klg hgd'lQm ;]gfsf of]4fx?n] To;sf] 86]/
hjfkm lbPsf lyP . hgd'lQm ;]gfn] n8fO{ :ynaf6 ! lsnf]ld6/ b'Zdg ;]gfnfO{
nv6]kl5 o'4 ;dfKt ePsf] lyof] .
;f] 3df;fg n8fO{df hgd'lQm ;]gf tkm{
b'O{ hgf of]4fx? ;fdfGo 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ eg] b'Zdg tkm{ Ps pk ;]gfgL nIfd0f
clwsf/L ;lxt !( hgfsf] d[To' x'g k'u]sf] ln:g] ufd t]>f] la|u]8sf sld;f/
pQdn] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . d[ts dWo] ;ft hgfsf] zj hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] sAhfdf
/x]sf] lyof] .
hgd'lQm ;]gfn] 3df;fg n8fO{af6 7'nf]
dfqfdf cTofw'lgs xltof/ sAhf u/]sf] 5 . ;f] n8fO{df hg;]gfn] hL=lk=Pd=hL=,
;fgf] lh=lk=Pd=hL= Ps yfg, ;f] sf] dfnf ^ j6f, 7"nf] hL=lk=Pd=hL=sf] dfnf
% j6f, Pd–!^ /fOkmn b'O{j6f, ;f]sf] DofUhLg !@ j6f / uf]nL @!$& yfg,
P;=Pn=cf/= Ps yfg, emf]nf / k|;:t cf}ifwL /x]sf 5g\ . o;}aLr ln:g] ufd
t]>f] la|u]8 sldzf/ s= pQdn] Ps jQmJo k|sflzt u/L ljleGg kmf}hL sfjf{xLsf]
lhDd]jf/L lng'ePsf] 5 . jQmJodf elgPsf] 5– xfd|f] uf}/jzfnL kf6L{ g]=s=kf=
-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] s]Gb|Lo of]hgf / ;]d If]q Jo"/f]åf/f lgb]{lzt 7f];
;+3{ifsf] sfo{qmd cg';f/ xfd|f]] ln:g] ufd t]>f] j[u]8n] ljleGg ;+3{ifsf sfo{qmdx?
;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . sld;f/ s= pQdsf] sdf08df kl/rflnt t]>f] j[u]8sf ljleGg
6's'8Lx?sf] dfr{sf] Ps 6's'8Ln] h]i7 ^ ut] 88]nw'/f lhNnfsf] xu'N6] glhssf]
/f]8 b]lv 8f]6L lhNnfsf] 306]Zj/ dlGb/ ;Ddsf] h+undf ljxfg & ah] b]lv
j]n'sL ^ ah] ;Dd o'lgkmfO{8 sdf08 gfdsf] slyt ;'/IFf kmf}h;+u le8Gt u/L cfkm'
tkm{ slQ klg If]lt gu/L ;fgbf/ ;kmntf sfod u/]sf] 5 . a6flnog sdf08/ s=
hLjg / Hjfnf sf] P;N6df ePsf] le8Gtdf slyt ;'/IFf kmf}hsf] !( hgfsf] ;kmfof / @
bh{g 3fOt] ePsf] 5g\ . pQm sfjf{xLaf6 lh=lk=Pd=lh= -;fgf]_ minimi Ps yfg ,
;f]sf] dfnf ^ j6f -k|lt dfnfdf @)) /fp08_ / lh=lk=Pd=lh= -7"nf]_ sf] dfnf
rf/ j6f -k|ltdfnf !)) /fp08_, Pd—!^ /fOkmn @ yfg ;f]sf] DofUhLg !@ j6f / uf]nL
@!$& /fp08, ! yfg P;=Pn=cf/= / ;f]sf] DofUhLg $ j6f, / %$) /fp08 uf]nL,
6'OGr df]6f{/sf] ;]n $ j6f, emf]nf u|Lg]6 cf}ifwL nufotsf] y'k|} o'4 ;fdfu|L
k|fKt ePsf] 5 . xfd|f] tkm{ Ps hgf ;fdfGo 3fOt] x'g' ePsf] 5 . ;fgbf/ ?kdf ;kmn sfjf{xLdf slyt ;'/Iff
km}fhsf ;+z]/ bn u0f bx Jof/]saf6 cfPsf] k}bn l6d, ^ j6f df]6/df cfPsf] kmf];{,
ljxfg !) ah] b]lv j]n'sL ^M#) ;Dd x]lnsf]K6/af6 ul/Psf] uf]nL / adsf] jiff{
cfbLsf] k|ltlqmofjfbL kmf}hsf] ;Dk"0f{ tfutnfO{ xfd|f] >4]o ;'lk|d sdf08/ tyf kf6L{sf cWoIf s=
k|r08 / k|r08kysf] ljsl;t ljrf/ ljlw / of]hgfn] s|; ub}{ cuf8L k5f8L bfof“
afof“ ub}{ kxn sbdL xftdf kf/]/ ljxfg & ah] b]lv s'b}{ / lgxfNb} % ah] lt/
sl/a ! 306fsf] af6f]df nv]6] / pQm ;fgbf/ ;kmntf k|fKt eof] .
kmf}hL sf/jfxL jf/] yk hfgsf/L lbb}
jQmJodf elgPsf] 5–h]i7 # ut] s}nfnL ;xhk'/sf] ef;' eL/df j[u]8sf] Pp6f ;fgf] 6's'8Ln] b'Zdg kmf}hsf %
uf8L dWo] Pp6fnfO{ PDa';df kf/]/ pQm uf8Ldf /x]sf ck|]zg sdf08/ d]h/ ;xLt @)÷@%
hgfsf] ;kmfof tyf 3fOt] agfO af“sL $ uf8Lsf b'Zdg kmf}h;+u ljxfg ( ah] b]lv
j]n'sf % ah] ;Dd le8Gt u/L pQm kmf}hnfO{ Jof/]sdf kms{g afWo kf/]sf]
lyof] . xfd|f] tkm{ 3fOt] ;Dd klg sf]xL geO ;kmntf k|fKt u/]sf] o; le8Gtn]
hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] o'4 IFdtf / snfsf] /fd|f] k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . To:t} ut a}zfv
@^ ut] s}nfnLsf] l6sfk'/df ! ;z:q k|x/L xjNbf/sf] ;kmfof, @^ ut] ledbQkGt /fhdfu{sf] a8'jf ahf/df s[lif ljefusf] uf8L
sAhf / ;]j6]h, h]i7 ! ut] ;xhk'/df
If]qLo lzIFf lgb{}]zgfnosf] uf8L sAhf / ;]j]6]h, h]i7 @ ut] j'/tf]nfsf] ;xsf/L
afv|f kmf/dsf] afv|f sAhf, ut a}zfv @(
df wgu8L ahf/df # hgf k|x/L dfly ;fxl;s cfqmd0f / ;kmfof, h]i7 $ ut] wgu8Lsf]
jg sfof{nodf ;]j6]h / c;Osf] ;kmfof, h]i7 # ut] s~rgk'/sf] sn'jfk'/ PDa';df
& hgf b'Zdg kmf}hnfO{ 3fOt] kfl/Psf], h]i7 $ ut] emnf/Lsf] Pkm= Pd :6]zg
sAhf / ;]j6]h, h]i7 % ut] s}nfnfLsf] d'9fdf ! hgf ;kmfof / # hgf 3fOt], h]i7 ^
ut] s}nfnLsf] x;'nLof glhs ph/L l;d/fdf ! hgf b'Zdg kmf}hsf] ;kmfof / @ hgf
3fOt] kfl/Psf], s}nfnLsf] dx]Gb| /fhdfu{sf] ljleGg ahf/ If]qdf xhf/f} hgtfsf] ;xeflutf / hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] cu'jfOdf
;z:q hgdfr{ / hg;efx?, dx]Gb| /fhdfu{ / ledbQ kGt /fhdfu{df ePsf] cToGt
k|efjsf/L gfsf aGbL / cfd x8\tfn cfbL sfjf{xLx? kf6L{ ;Qf / hg;d'bfox? ;+u
Psfsf/ eO{ xfd|f] j[u|8n] ;kmntf ;fy cuf8L a9fO/x]sf] 5 . 306]Zj/ df]rf{,
ef;'/eL/ df]rf{, wgu8L df]rf{ nufPtsf ;Dk"0f{ df]rf{nfO{ ;fxl;s / pRr
alnbfgL efjsf ;fy ;kmn kfg]{ ;Dk"0f{ xfd|f] j[u]8sf ;xof]4f sld;f/,
sdf08/, / ;b:ox? k|lt t]>f] j]u]8 x]8Sjf6/ xfbL{s wGojfb 1fkg ub{5 . oL
;du| sfjf{xLx?nfO{ ;kmn kfg{ o'4 Joj:yfkg b]lv o'4df]rf{df k|ToIF ;xeflu eO{
;xof]u k'¥ofpg] kf6L{, ;Qf / cfd hg;d'bfo k|lt xfdL cfef/ k|s6 ub{5f} .
k|r08kysf] kmf}hL sfo{lbzfnfO{ nfu' ub}{ xfd|f] j[u]8 s= ax'jL/ / s= k|xf/
nufPt ;Dk"0f{ cd/ zxLbx? k|lt xfbL{s efjk"0f{ >4f~hnLsf ;fy
pxf“x?sf] ;kgf k'/f u/]/} 5f8\g] k|ltj4tf k'g bf]xf]¥ofp5f} .
o;}u/L h]7 ^ ut] s}nfnLsf] ph/L l;d/f
uf=h=;=df hgd'lQm ;]gf / zfxL ;]gf aLr ePsf] bf]xf]/f] df]rf{a4 eL8Gtdf Pshgf b'Zdg
zfxL ;]gfsf] 36gf:yndf d[To' ePsf] 5 . o:t} s}nfnLsf] d'8f ahf/df h]7 %
ut] hg;]gfsf] Ps sdf08f] cfqmd0fdf Ps hgf ;+o'Qm ;'/Iff kmf}hsf hjfgsf] d[To'
ePsf] 5 .
otf s}nfnLsf] k"jL{ sdf08 cGt/ut
/x]sf] kftfef/df !% xhf/ hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf e}/x]sf] hg;efdf cfqmd0f ug{ cfPsf]
zfxL ;]gfnfO{ hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] Pp6f ;fgf] 6's8Ln] Toxf“af6 Aof/]s;Dd nv6] kl5
hg;ef eAo?kdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . hg;efdf af]Ng]x?n] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] k|z+;f
ub]{ hg;]gfnfO{ zfxL ;]gfn] x/fpg g;Sg] atfPsf lyP .
ptf gf/fo0fu9af6 k|fKt va/ cg';f/ h]7 ^
ut] lrtjgsf] t/vfgL kfnLv/fdf ljxfg ^ ah] ePsf] eL8Gtdf Ps hgf b'Zdg ;]gfsf]
d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] rf/ hgf ;Vt 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . ;f] eL8Gtdf hg;]gfsf tkm{
s= ;Ldfsf] zxfbt ePsf] 5 .
o;}aLr gjnk/f;Laf6 k|fKt va/ cg';f/ h]7 ^
ut] k/f;Lsf] ;/fjn uf=h=;=df al;/x]sf lgz:q :yfgLo dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ /hgL, /fd
s]jn, cd/ / lr/funfO{ lu/km\tf/ ul/ b'Zdg ;fxL ;]gfn] xTof u/]sf] 5 .
b'Zdg ;]gfn] gjnk/f;Ls} :jf“7L
uf=h=;=sf] ags§L h]7 % ut] hg cbfntsf] lg0f{o adf]lhd ck/fwL ;s'Gtnf s]=;L= sf]
;kmfof ePsf] 5 . lghsf] k|ToIf lgb]{zgdf l8=l;=Pd= s= ljzfn -;+s/
u'Ktf_sf] xTof ePsf] lyof] .
hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ clegGbg ;lxt k|z+;f–kq
j'6jn ÷/fd|f] sfd ug]{nfO{ k'/:s[t / g/fd|f] ug]{nfO{
bl08t To:tf] Joj:yfdf ul/G5 hxf“ hgtfn] k"0f{ hgjfbsf] cEof; ug{
kfp“5g\ . ToxL hgjfb k|fKt Joj:yf :yfkgf ug{ ljut ;f9] cf7 aif{ b]lv
cgj/t\ o'4 nl8/x]sf] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] ;}Go 6's8Lsf] clegGbg sfo{qmd ;DkGg
ePsf] va/ wdfwd k|fKt eO/x]sf 5g\
hfh/sf]6af6 xfd|f ;Djfbbftf slknb]j
yfkfsf cg';f/ uvf{sf]6df Aofks hgtfsf aLr e]s If]qLo Ao'/f] O~rfh{ tyf
kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o s= ;'/]z l;+xn] bf]>f] la|u]8sf ;]gfgLx?nfO{ clegGbg
ug'{ePsf] 5 . km'ndfnf tyf cjL/ 6Lsf nufOlbP/ clegGbg ub}{ pxf“n] clegGbg
kq ;d]t lbg' ePsf] lyof] .
:yfgLo afhfufhf, gf“r, e]if e'iff ;lxt
xhf/f}+ hgtfn] P]ltxfl;s a]gL sfjf{xLdf jL/tf k|fKt u/L cfPsf hgd'lQm
;]gfx?nfO{ km'ndfnf / clj/n] /ftf] agfP, afhf ahfP gf“r] ufP / pk|mL pk|mL
/dfP . pQm sfo{qmdnfO{ cf/=la=Pd= s= /fx'nn] ;+rfng / csf{ cf/=la=Pd= s=
df/zd0fLn] :jfut ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] O~rfh{ ;'/]zl;+xn] sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf bf]>f] la|u]8 sld;f/ s= p4j, sdf08/ s=
hLt, la=Pg= sldzf/ tyf sdf08/x? s= k|lts, s= ;+hLj, s= ;Gtf]if, s= cho, s=
;Gb]z tyf sDkgL sld;f/ tyf sdf08/x? nufotsf pkl:y lyof] .
:yfgLo g[Tox?df vf“8f] g[To, k};/L, l;+uf?,
b]p8f, x'8\s] nufot cleofg ;f+:s[lts 6Ldsf /f]rs k|:t'tLx?n] sfo{qmdnfO{ pRrtf
k|bfg u/]sf lyP .
clegGbg sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Djf]wg ub]{
lk=la=Pd= s= ;'/]zl;+xn] b]zsf] jt{dfg /fhg}lts 36gfqmd / @!cf}+ ztfAbLdf
hgjfbsf] cEof; af/] rrf{ ug'{sf] ;fy} cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 kf6L{n] j}rfl/s
n8fO{ n8]sf] af/] :ki6 kfg'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf sld;f/ påjn] a]gL
sfjf{xLsf] af/]df :ki6 kfg'{ ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L 8f]Nkfaf6 k|]lift ;dfrf/ cg';f/
df]8]n Pl/ofsf] k|lt/f]w uf=h=;=sf] cfof]hgfdf a]gL sfjf{xLaf6 kms]{sf
;]gfgLx?sf] clegGbg ul/Psf] 5 . uf=h=;= k|d'v wgnfn /f]sfofn] ;of}+
hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf ;}Go sdf08/x?nfO{ clegGbg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
ptf hfh/sf]6af6} k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ ut
a}zfv $ b]lv * ut];Dd a]gL sfjf{xLsf] ;ldIff a}7s ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
sfo{qmddf la|u]8 sld;f/ s=p4jn] df}lvs?kdf a]gL sfjf{xLsf] l/kf]6{d"ns
k|ltj]bg /fv]kl5 pkl:yt sdf08/, sld;f/x? tyf l;=l;=Pd= / cf/=la=Pd= x?n]
sfjf{xLsf] ;ldIffTds l6Kk0fL ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pknAwL / r'gf}tLx?sf] ;f/
lvRb} sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly s= ;'/]zl;+xn] k|lzIf0f d'ns egfO{ /fVg'sf ;fy}
cfufdL lbgsf sfjf{xLsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ dfu{ lgb]{zg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
r'/] >[ªvnf hg;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf
snfsf/x? gfRb}, ufp“b} / hgtfsf] ;]jf
ub{}
uf]kfn g]kfnL
;nf{xL÷ ;nf{xL / dxf]Q/Ldf sfo{/t r'/] >[ª\vnf
hg;f“:s[ltskl/jf/sf snfsf/x?n] olt l5§} hgtfdf o;/L nf]slk|o eOPnf eg]/
;f]+r]sf klg lyPgg\ . Ps sf“wdf dfbn, lutf/ / xfd]{lgod tyf csf]{ sf“wdf
aGb's / lu|g]6 af]s]sf] snfsf/x?sf] ;f“:s[lts kN6g ;nf{xL / dxf]Q/Lsf
j:tL–j:tLx?df k'Ubf hgtfsf] cf“vfdf s}b dfq} x'g k'Ub}g hgtfn] cfkm\g} kl/jf/sf
;b:ox?nfO{ em} :g]x / dfof ub{5g\ . of] ;f“:s[lts kN6gn] hgtfsf uLtx?
ufpg] / gfRg] dfq} ub}{g hgtfsf v]tjf/Ldf sfd ug]{b]lv hgtfsf] z'/Iff / ljsf;
lgdf{0fsf sfo{x?df ;d]t ;l/s eO/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
sfln~hf]/ ufh;sL &) jif]{ a[4f KofpnL tfdfªn]
hgfb]zsf] e]6df elgg\– æoL snfsf/x? t d]/} gftL gfltgL em}+ nfU5 .
logLx?n] xfd|} b'Mvsf uLt ufp“5g\ . xfd|f 3/df cfºg} 3/ em}+ ;Dem]/ ;a}
sfd ul/lbG5g\ . logLx?n] ;f]+r]sf] k'/f xf];\ .Æ To;}u/L uf}zfnfsf
&^ jif]{ a[4 /3'gfy dxQf]n] eg]– ædfcf]jfbL snfsf/x?n] b]vfPsf] ;f“:s[lts
sfo{qmd x]/]kl5 t d]/f] klg cf“z' em/] . d klg logLx?;“u lx8f}+ h:tf]
eof] .Æ KofpnL tfdfª / /3'gfy
dxtf] dfq} xf]Ogg\ ;nf{xL / dxf]Q/Lsf w]/} h;f] ufp“sf j[4–j[4f, s]6f–s]6L,
o'jf–o'jtL nufotsf dflg;x?sf] lha|f]df r'/] >[ª\vnf hg–;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf]
gfd em'l08Psf] 5 . sltkon] t of] ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf snfsf/x?n] ufpg]
uLtx?;d]t ;'gfp“5g\ .
hgo'4sf] ;ftf}+ jif{uf“7sf cj;/df ut @)%( ;fn
kmfNu'0fdf u7g ePsf] r'/] >[+vnf hg–;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ olt 5f]6f] cjlwd} olt
w]/} nf]slk|o xf]nf eg]/ cfkm'x?n] ;d]t g;f]+r]sf] s'/f r'/] >[ª\vnf
hg–;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf cWoIf lktfDa/ atfpg' x'G5 . !! dlxnf / ^ k'?if u/L
hDdf !& hgfsf] of] ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ xfn;Dd ;nf{xL / dxf]Q/Lsf ;Dk"0f{
ufp“x?df k'lu;s]sf] 5 . ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf] u7gkZrft\ ;a} snfsf/x? ;“u;“u}
/x“b} cfPsf 5g\ . ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf cWoIf lktfDa/ ;f“:s[lts 6f]nLsf
af/]df eGg' x'G5–æa[xb?kdf cl3 al9/x]sf] hgo'4sf] bf}/fgdf xfdLn] ;f“:s[lts
df]rf{af6 klg ;Sbf] e"ldsf lgefpg] cj;/ kfPsf 5f}+ . hgtfsf] d'lQmsf]
nflu lx+8]sf 5f}+ . cfh hgtfs} 3/–cf“ugdf /Db} of] 7fp“;Dd cfOk'u]sf
5f}+ . xfdL cfGbf]ngsf l;kfxL ePsfn] ;f“:s[lts sdL{sf ;fy} z'/IFf, cGo
Joj:yfkg, ;+u7g / kf6L{ sfddf ;d]t ;l/s x'g] u/]sf 5f}+ . clxn]sf]
qmflGtsf] k|lqmof ;“u;“u} xfdL x/ avt ;lqmo 5f}+ / jlnbfg x'g' k/] klg tof/
x'g] pRr r]tgfsf ;fy nflu/x]sf 5f}+ .Æ
of] ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/df cWoIf lktfDa/;lxt
/rgf, /fh', ;'hftf, k|sfz, jL/tf, c:dLtf, e"ldsf, ;Lh{gf, gLtf,
>[ª\vnf, ;+uLg, /fhLj, ;+hLj, r]tgf, snf / ;dLtf /xg' ePsf] 5 . lktfDa/
/ /fh'n] al9 h;f] uLtx? n]Vg' ePsf] 5 eg] ;'hftf, ;dLtf, lktfDa/ / /fh' /fd|f
ufos x'g' x'G5 . k|sfz, jL/tf, gLtf, /rgf /fd|f] gfRg' x'G5 . t/
6f]nLsf ;a} ;b:ox?nfO{ ufp“g, ahfpg, gfRg cfp“5 . ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/;“u
em08} ! xKtfsf] a;fO“df of] ;Djfbbftfn] b]Vof] ljxfg $ jh] eGbf cufl8 g}
;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:ox? p7L ;S5g\ . ljxfg $ jh]b]lv g} /f]nsfndf
;l/s x'G5g\ . Toxf“ zfl/l/s Jofofdsf cltl/St ;fdfGo ;}Go tflnd ;d]t
x'G5 . xft–d'v wf]P/ lrof vfPkl5 uLt ufp“g] k|flS6; x'G5 . rf}lj;}
306f kfn}–kfnf] u/L ;]G6«L a:g] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] x'G5 . vfgf ksfpg klg
kfnf] nufOG5 . ljxfgsf] vfgf vfPkl5 lb+p;f] g[To sDkf]h, 5nkmn / cWoogdf
snfsf/x? Jo:t x'G5g\ . ;f“emsf] ;do klg cWoog, 5nkmn / ufogsf] nflu
5'§fOPsf] 5 . cfkm"x? 6Lddf cfp“bf sv/f;Dd k9\g ghfg]sf] t/ clxn]
kq–klqsf k9\g / n]Vg ;d]t ;Sg] ePsf] s'/f ;rLg, e"ldsf, ;Lh{gf, r]tgf /
gLtfn] atfp“5g\ . pgLx?n] cfkm'x?n] s8f ldxg]t ug]{ / ghfGg]x?nfO{ hfg]sf]
s'/f l;sfpg] u/]sf] atfP . dfbn, xfd]{lgod, lutf/ ahfpg tyf gfRg klg ;a}
h;f]n] l;ls;s]sf 5g\ . of] kl/jf/ Ps} 3/sf ;b:o em}+ eP/ a;]sf] 5 .
/fhg}lts cWoog, 5nkmn, Snf; klg Jojl:yt ?kdf x'g] u/]sf] 5 . s]xL ;d:ofx?
cfP jf cGtlj{/f]w eP 5nkmn u/]/ d}lqk"0f{ 9+un] xn ul/G5 .
of] ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? hgtfaLrdf /x“bf
hgtfsf v]tLkftL, 3/sf sfd / cGo ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfddf ;d]t ;xefuL x'g] u/]sf]
5 . x/]s jfnL nufpg] / leqfpg] a]nfdf cfkm"x?n] hgtfsf] sfd ug]{
u/]sf] s'/f ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf cWoIf lktfDa/n] atfpg' eof] . hgtfn]
cfkm"x?nfO{ cfºg} kl/jf/sf ;b:o em}+ dfof ug]{ u/]sf] cg'e"lt JoQm
ug'{ x'G5– ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf ;b:o /fh' . pxf“n] cfkm"x?n] hgtf;“u
klg w]/} s'/f l;s]sf] atfpg' eof] . pxf“n] cfkm'x? af6f]–3f6f], wf/f],
rf}tf/f], zxLb u]6 lgdf{0f h:tf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{df ;d]t ;l/s x'g] u/]sf]
atfpg' eof] . kf6L{sf ljz]if sfo{qmd kbf{ v]/L of] ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/
:j+o;]js, Joj:yfkg ;xof]uL Pj+ z'/Iff Joj:yfdf ;d]t ;l/s x'g] u/]sf] s'/f
/fh'n] atfpg' eof] .
cfkm"x? hgtfsfaLrdf hgtfs} uLt nu]/ hfg]
u/]sf] s'/f cWoIf lktfDa/n] atfpg' eof] . pxf“n] ;/n zAbx? /fv]/ nf]s
efsfdf hgtfs} cfjfhnfO{ uLt agfp“bf To;n] hgtfdf ulx/f] k|efj kg]{ atfpg'
x'G5 . lktfDa/n] n]Vg' ePsf]– æcfdfsf] d'6' n'5\g]x? xf], axfb'/ 5f]/fsf]
/ut lkpg] x? xf], va/bf/ † va/bf/ † 6'6b}5 ltd|f] :ju{sf] /ftÆ eGg] uLt hgtfdf
cToGt} nf]slk|o ag]sf] 5 . To;}u/L /fh' nfdfn] n]v]sf]–æxfdL t lx8\of}+
df]rf{df b'Zdgsf] lsNnf eTsfpg, k'/fgf] ;Qf tf]8]/ hgtfsf] zf;g NofpgÆ eGg] uLt
klg Tolts} nf]slk|o 5 . r'/] >[ª\vnf hg–;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?n]
n]v]sf bh{gf}+ uLtx?sf] cnjf of] kl/jf/n] k"jf{~rndf nf]slk|o If]qLo
:t/sf] z}n'ª ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf snfsf/x?n] n]v]sf uLtx? klg ufpg] ub{5 .
z}n'ª kl/jf/sf snfsf/x?af6 g} of] ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/n] z'?df tflnd kfPsf]
lyof] . ca cfkm"x?n] ;nf{xL / dxf]Q/Lsf ljleGg Pl/ofx?df ;d]t
Pl/of:t/sf ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ u7g ug]{ hfgsf/L cWoIf lktfDa/n] lbg' eof] .
r'/] >[ª\vnf ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sL ;b:o
cl:dtf du/n] cfºgf] cg'e"lt ;'gfpg] qmddf eGg' eof]–æd o'4df nfu]sf] Ps
jif{ eof] . xfdL d/] klg s]xL u/]/ d5f}+ eGg] nfu]/ g} qmflGt s7f]/ 5 /
of] /utn] leh]sf] x'G5 eGg] yfxf x'“bfx'“b} klg qmflGtdf ;fd]n eof}+ .
lxhf] qmflGtdf gnfUbf xfdLdf ljrf/ klg lyPg, lzIff klg lyPg, 3f“; bfp/fdf dfq
l;ldt lyof}+ . qmflGtdf nfu]kl5 cfkm}nfO{ kl/jt{g eP h:tf] nfUof] .
qmflGt eg]sf] t ljZj ljBfno /x]5 eGg] cg'e"lt eof] . cfh s]xL s'/f
l;ls;s]sf 5f}+ / cem} w]/} s'/f t l;Sg] qmddf g} 5f}+ .Æ
To:t} csL{ ;b:o jL/tf tfdfªn] cfºgf] cg'e"lt
;'gfp“b} elgg\–æxfdL cToGt} ul/a lyof]+ . o;/L xfdL ul/a eP/ ;w} x]lkP/,
blaP/ / lklN;P/ slt a:g] eGg] nfUof] / cfºgf] clwsf/sf] nflu p7\g' k5{ eg]/
qmflGtdf nfu]+ . dnfO{ ;f“:s[lts df]rf{df lhDd]jf/L lbOof] . oxf“
nfu]kl5 k9\g n]Vg l;lsof], ljrf/sf s'/fx? klg yfxf kfpg] eOof] . l9nf]
oxf“ nfluP5 cln l56f] nfu]sf] eP t w]/} s'/f yfxf kfOGYof] eGg] nfU5 . ca
kf6L{n] cfjZostf cg';f/ hxf“ nufp“5 ToxL uP/ sfd u5'{ .Æ To:t} csL{ snfsf/
;dLtfn] cfkm"x?n] qmflGtdf nfu]/ :jtGqtfsf] cg'e"lt ug{ kfPsf]
atfp“b} 7Ls} 7fp“df nfluPsf] /x]5 eGg] hgfOg .
r'/] >[ª\vnf hg–;f“:s[lts kl/jf/sf] s]xL
;Gb]z 5 ls eg]/ k|Zg ubf{ cWoIf lktfDa/n] eGg' eof]– æn]lggn] qmflGt eGg] zAb
g} kL8f bfos x'G5 / o;sf] cg'xf/ /utn] ntkltPsf] x'G5 eg] em}+ qmflGt cToGt}
cK7\of/f] af6f] xf] . t/ hgtfsf] cfhsf] cj:yf b]Vbf xfd|f cf“vfaf6 cf“z'
em5{g . vfg gkfPsf, gfgf gkfPsf, a:g] 3/jf/ gePsf / /f]O/x]sf jfnaRrf
b]Vbf xfdLdf qmflGtdf nfUg] tfk k}bf x'G5 . cfh hgtfsf] jf:tljs d'lQmsf]
nflu qmflGtdf nfUg' k5{ / cfjZos k/] jlnbfg ug'{ k5{ eGg] efjsf ;fy xfdL
qmflGtsf] df]rf{df 5f}+ . olt a]nf cfdhg;d'bfonfO{ qmflGtdf uf]naGb x'g
cfu|x ug{ rfxG5f}+ .Æ
hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn ;f]n' ;Nn]/L 5}+7f}+ la|u]8sf] k|]z jQmJo
hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf]
k'jL{ l8ljhg cGt/ut /x]sf] ;f]n';Nn]/L 5}7f}+ la|u]8 cGt{/ut] !^cf}+ j6flnogsf]
Ps 6's8L;+u @)^! j}zfv #) ut] ef]hk'/sf] b]p/fnLdf of]hgfa4 ?kdf ePsf] le8\Gtdf
zfxL hNnfb cd]l/sL ;]gfx?sf] zd{gfs k/fho ePsf] 5. ;f] ;fxl;s le8\Gtsf] sdflG8Ë
j6flnog sdf08/ sd/]8 lg;fg / sld;f/ sd/]8 lj1fgn] ug'{ ePsf] lYfof] . ptm le8\Gtdf
hgd'lQm ;]gf k'0f{ ljho ePsf] 5 eg] zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] g/fd|f] k/fho ePsf]
5 . le8\GtkZrft\ hgd'lQm ;]gfn] @yfg P;Pncf/, %)) PnPdhLsf] uf]nL, * cf]6f
DofUhLg / s]lx nh]li6s ;fdfgx? sAhf ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . sl/j kf“r306f nfdf]
le8Gtdf zfxL cft8\ssf/L ;]gftkm{ kf“rhgfsf] 36gf:ynd} d[To' ePsf] / bh{gf}
3fOt] ePsf 5g\ eg] xfd|f]tkm{ cToGt} zfx;, lj/tf / ;f}+o{tfsf ;fy n8\Gg] s|ddf
Pshgf Knf6'g ;xfos sdf08/ s= lzv/ ;lxt tLg hgf jL/ of]4fx?n] pRr k|sf/sf] zfxbt
k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] 5.
lbgfg'lbg cf]/fnf]
nfu]sf] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;+rf/ ldl8of / sltko Pkmx?n] dfcf]jfbL tkm{ !^ hgfsf]
d[To' / zfxL ;]gftkm{ @ hgfsf] dfq d[To' eg]/ ul/Psf] k|rf/k|lt ;f]n'–;Nn]/L
5}7f}+ lAf|u]8 sfof{nosf] Wofg cfs[i6 ePsf] 5 . cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf]
k|ToIf of]hgf, lgb]{zg / 7'nf] k}dfgfsf] cw'lgs xftxltof/n] ;';lHht x“'bf klg
hgdl'Qm ;]gf;+u k/flht aGb} uPsf] zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] em'7f / skf]sNkLt
jsaf;nfO cfwf/ gdfgL ;To tYo / lgZkIf ;drf/ ;+k|];0f ug{ ;Dk'0f{ ;+rf/
dfWodnfO{ hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfn cfu|x ub{5 .
;fy} bf]nvfsf]
d}gfkf]v/L, wflbªsf] hf]ludf/f / clxn] cfP/ ef]hk'/sf] b]p/fnLdf kfPsf]
rf]l6nf] emfk8kZrft\ ltnldnfpg k'u]sf] zfxL cftª\ssf/L cd]l/sL ;]gfsf]
x'l66\ofpn] cfsfz yfDg] slyt xf}jsf] kbf{kmf; ePsf] s'/f b]p/fnLsf] df]rf{a4
le8\Gtn] lbgsf] 3fdem}+ 5n{ª\u kfl/lbPsf] / hlt;'s} ;|f]t / ;fwgn] ;DkGg eP klg
/ slyt uf]ojN; k|rf/ u/]klg cGtdf Gofok''0f{ o'4sf] lht ;'lglZrt x'g]] s'/f
clxn] lbgx“' h;f] eO/x]sf df]rf{a4 le8\Gtn] l;4 ul/lbPsf] 5 .
cGtdf, ;f] le8\Gtdf ;fx;, jL/tf, zf}+o{n] e/k'/ axfb'/ hgdl'Qm ;]gfsf Knf6'g ;xfos sdf08/ s= lzv/ ;lxt tLg} hgf of]4fnfO{ 5}7f}+ la|u]8 sfof{no dxfg\ zxLb 3f]if0ff ub}{+ zxLb kl/jf/x?nfO{ zf]snfO{ zlQmdf abNb}{ w}o{wf/0f ug{ cfu|x ub{5 . ;fy} ;Dk0f{ 3fOt] sd/]8x?sf] lz3| :jf:Yonfesf] sfdfgf ub{5 . /0fg}lts k|Tofs|d0f / hgljb|f]xsf] ;+3f/df plePsf] dxfg\ hgo'4nfO{ ljhodf k'/\ofpg gof“ Pstf, ;fx;, jL/tf P+j uDeL/ lhDd]jf/Laf]wsf ;fy cl3 a9\g ;Dk'0f{ kf6L{ klª\tdf 5}7f}+ la|u]8 yk clkn ub{5 . wGojfb
ldlt @)^! h]7 # ut]
/fh]z,
sdf08/
;f]n' ;Nn]/L 5}+7f}+
la|u]8, k'jL{ l8ljhg hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn
n]lgg lbj; tyf kf6L{ :yfkgf lbj; ;DkGg
;nf{xL÷ gf/fo0f vf]nf ufh;cGtu{t gf/fo0f vf]nf
:s'ndf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ;nf{xL lhNnf ;+u7g ;ldlt / !% cf}+ j6flnogsf] ;+o'Qm
cfof]hgfdf Ps sfo{qmd u/L !#$ cf}+ n]lgg lbj; tyf %% cf}+ kf6L{ :yfkgf lbj;
;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] :yfkgf @))^ ;fn a}zfv
!) ut] cyf{t clk|n @@ df ?;L af]N;]les qmflGtsf gfos tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;j{xf/f
ju{sf dxfg\ g]tf s=n]lgg hoGtLsf] cj;/df ePsf] lyof] . n]lggjfbsf] of]
cj:yfdf emg} dxTj a9]/ uPsf] s'/f ;f] sfo{qmddf pkl:yt g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?n]
atfPsf lyP . sfo{qmdnfO{ kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s=k/jfgf / s=sdn, kf“rf}
lj|u]8sf sdf08/ s=k|df]b, ;nf{xLsf ;]qm6/L s=lzlj/n] ;Daf]wg ug'{ ePsf]
lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;of}+ hgtfsf] pkl:yt /xg'sf ;fy} r'/] ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/n]
/f]rs uLt–g[To k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] . kf“rf} lj|u]8 cGtu{t !% cf}+ j6flnog
sdf08/ s=pQdsf] ;~rfng / s=/fdrGb|sf] ;efkltTjdf sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf]
lyof] .
To;}u/L ;f]lxlbg dxf]Q/L vo/df/f ufh;df kf6L{
:yfkgf tyf n]lgg hoGtL lbj; sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . vo/df/f ufh; j8f g+= (
b]lv z'? ePsf] h'n'zn] vo/df/f ahf/ kl/qmdf u/L k'/fgf] Wj:t ePsf] Onfsf k|x/L
rf}sLsf] k|fªu0fdf ;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] .
dxf]Q/L hg;/sf/ k|d'v uL/]Gb|k|;fb ofbjsf]
;~rfng, dfcf]jfbLsf lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=ls;gsf] ;efkltTj ;DkGg sfo{qmddf
dfcf]jfbLsf ;nf{xL–dxf]Q/Lsf OGrfh{ s=nf]rg k|d'v cltly x'g'x'GYof] .
sfo{qmdsf cGo cltlydf blnt d'lQm df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo ;lrj s=afa'/fd uhd]/,
cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno ;b:o s=lzj/fd ofbj, clvn g]kfn
dlxnf ;ª\3-qmflGtsf/L_sf lhNnf cWoIf u+uf ;'l:nª du/ /xg' ePsf] lyof] eg] zxLb
kl/jf/af6 dxf]Q/Lsf k|yd dlxnf zxLb s=k|ltIffsf] a'af, s=;+/rgfsf] a'af, s=
;/nf b]jsf]6fsf a'jf sdn b]jsf]6f / s=dbgsf] a'jf s=/fdk|tfj dxtf]n] cf;g u|x0f
ug'{ ePs]f lyof] .
sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ k|d'v cltly nf]rgn]
n]lggsf] hGd / kf6L{ :yfkgf lbj;nfO{ dxfg\ lbj;sf] ?kdf dgfpg' kg]{ atfpg'
eof] . qmflGt ;DkGg ug{ n]lggjfbL ;+u7g lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ atfpg'
eof] . To;}u/L ;Daf]wgs} qmddf /ffli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o jt{dfg kl/l:ylt
af/]df rrf{ ug'{sf] ;fy} gof“ sfo{qmd x? klg k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] .
To;}ul/ l;Gw'nL lhNnfdf klg !#$ cf}+ n]lgg
lbj; / %% cf}+ kf6L{ :yfkgf lbj; ;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 . clvn g]kfn /fli6«o
:jtGq ljwfyL{ o'lgog-qmflGtsf/L_ sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o 8L=jL= tfdfªsf] ;~rfng,
kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ s=sNkgf ;'j]bLsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf l;Gw'nL
lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v s=lg? bnf{dL, dfemL /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf
s=t'nfaxfb'/ dfemL, cg]/f:jljo'-qmflGtsf/L_sf s]Gb|Lo sf]iffWoIf o'j/fh
rf}nfufO{, lzIfs ;+u7gsf lhNnf ;+of]hs s=cdL/ s]=;L=n] dGtJo JoSt ug'{ ePsf]
lyof] . –ljsNk
ljBfyL{x?n] cfkm\gf
g]tf 5fg]
qmflGtsf/L dlxnfx?sf] lhNnf ;Dd]ng
u'NdL÷clvn g]kfn
dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ u'NdLsf] k|yd P]ltxfl;s lhNnf ;Dd]ng cToGt} eJo Pj+
zfgbf/ ?kdf 5fdlxn] uf=h=;=df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . æ3/]n' zfxL clwgfosjfb / cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfb lj?4 ;';+ul7t cfGbf]ng † dlxnf xs lxt / clwsf/sf] lgDtL k|yd u'NdL
lhNnf ;Dd]ng ††Æ eGg] d”n gf/fsf ;fy ;DkGg ;f] ;Dd]ngdf lhNnfsf ljleGg
Onfsfx?af6 Aofks dfqfdf k|ltlglw Pj+ ko{j]Ifsx? pkl:yt /x]sf lyP . Oltxf;sf]
cToGt} ;+lug Pj+ dxTjk”0f{ 38Ldf ;DkGg ePsf] qmflGtsf/L dlxnfx?sf] of] k|yd
lhNnf ;Dd]ngn] s]jn lhNnfsf] ;Gbe{df dfq Pp6f P]ltxfl;stf sfod dq u/]sf] 5}g ls
b'ZdgnfO{ ;d]t rlst t'NofOlbPsf] 5 .
pb\3f6g
;df/f]x M
lhNnf ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g 5fklxn]
uf=h=;=sf] b'Mvdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . pb\3f6g sfo{qmdsf] k|f/Dedf dlxnf ;+u7gsf
s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf bfdf zdf{, g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s= ljsNk, dlxnf
;+u7g s} s]=;=x? dg' x'dfufO, ;fljqf u'?Ë nufotsf cltlyx?nfO{ clj/ / dfnfsf ;fy
afhfufhf / tfnLsf] u8\u8fx6 aLr sfo{qmd :yndf :jfut ul/Psf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngsf]
pb\3f6g k|d'v cltly bfdf zdf{n] n}+lus ;dfgtfsf] k|lts :j?ksf @ a/fa/ hf]l8Psf
d}galQ afn]/ Pj+ Aofg/ km'sfP/ ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g ub}{ pkfWoIf bfdf
zdf{n] hgo'4sf cf7 aif{x?df dlxnfx?n] ;+3if{sf] d}bfgaf6 cfkm\gf] kl/ro ljZjdf
g} lbO;s]sf] s'/f pNn]v ub}{ ljutsf Oltxf;df dlxnfx?n] u/]sf] zfxl;s sfo{x?sf]
a/]df rrf{ ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pb\3f6g dGtAosf] qmddf pxf”n] cuf8L eg'eof]– æxfdL
h;/L dlxnf d'lQm k|fKtLsf] nflu of] ;Dd]ng ug{ tof/ ePsf 5f}+, To;/L g} xfdL
auL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] nflu nl8/xg] 5f}+ . xfd|f] p2]Zo ca s]jn dlxnf d'lQm
dfq x}g ls xfdL l;+uf] dfgjd'lQm gx'~h]n nl8/xg] 5f}+ .Æ
sfo{qmdsf ljz]if cltly s= ljsNkn]
z'esfdgf dGtAo JoQm ub}{ dlxnfx?n] ljutsf d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf v]n]sf] e”ldsfsf]
af/]df pNn]v ub}{ g]kfnL dlxnfx?n] h]n a|]s b]lv lnP/ b'Zdgsf SofDkx?;d]t
tf]8]sf] s'/f atfpg' ePsf] lyof] .
To:t}ul/ ;Dd]ng ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf
lbg]x?df c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sf s]=;= åo dg' x'dfufO{, ;fljqf u'?Ë, afUn'ª,
lhNnf cWoIf wlgsnf 3tL{, DofUbL lhNnf cWoIf ?sdfof /f]sf, u'NdLsf ljBfyL{ cWoIf
e”kfn kf]v|]n, ls;fg cWoIf lj/]Gb| s'”j/, blnt cWoIf uf}rg w/fnL, hgd'lQm
;]gfsf s= rGb|dfg, g]kfnL hgflwsf/ ;'/Iff ;ldlt ef/tsf uf]kfn s'”j/, ;lxb
gf/fo0f l3ld/]sL >LdtL ntf cfrfo{, x'g'x'GYof] eGg] sfo{qmddf
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ u'NdL lhNnf O~rfh{ s= k|Hhjng, lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s= hLth+u,
lhNnf ;b:o s= Hjfnf, lhNnf hgldlnl;of sdf08/ s= cd[t, If]qLo ;+rf/sf s= ;+u|fd,
k|lt/f]w ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/sf s= ;~h', /];'Ëf ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/sf czf]s yfkf,
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ u'NdLsf lhNnf ;b:ox? s= olsgf, s= ljkgf, /]l8of] hgu0ftGq
g]kfnsf lszf]/ kGyL nufotsf cltlyx?sf] ;d]t pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf
c=g]=d= ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sf lhNnf ;+of]hs jljtf td'sf] ;efkltTj / z'lznf s]=;L=
sf] ;+rfngdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmddf lbndfof k'gn] :jfut dGtJo lbg'ePsf]
lyof] . sfo{qmddf /];'Ëf hgd'lQm ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/ / k|lt/f]w ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/sf
snfsf/x?åf/f k|:t't uLt / g[Ton] yk cfsif{0f yk]sf] lyof] .
aGb
zq
sl/a b'O{ lbg ;Dd rn]sf] aGb zqdf ljleGg
Onfsfsf k|ltlglwx?åf/f pT;fxhgs k|ltj]bg k]z ul/Psf] lyof] . l/kf]l6{Ë kZrft
lhNnf ;ldlt cWoIf jljtf qfd'n] k]z u/]sf] k|ltj]bg pk/ 5nkmn ul/ ;j{;DdtLn]
kfl/t ul/of] . aGbzqn] jljtf qfd's} cWoIftfdf ! ;b:o kl5 yKg] u/L !# ;b:oLo
lhNnf ;ldlt lgjf{lrt u¥of] . h;d pkfWoIf, ;lrj, ;x;lrj / sfiffWoIfdf qmdzM
lbndfof k'g, z'lznf s]=;L= s[i0ff g]kfnL / ljdnf 3tL{ /xg'ePsf] 5 .
3f]if0ff
;ef
gjlrjf{lrt lhNnf ;ldltsf] 3f]if0ff ug{
cfof]lht 3f]if0ff ;ef l;dn6f/L ahf/df eJo?kdf ;DGg eof] . sfo{qmdsf] z'?df
dlxnf ;d'x gf/f n'n'zsf ;fy sfo{qmd :yndf pkl:yt ePsf] lyof] . c=g]=d= ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_
s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf bfdf zdf{sf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg 3f]if0ff ;efsf] ;+rfng
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf lhNnf ;b:o s= olsgfn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] ;efkltTj
gjlgjf{lrt lhNnf cWoIf jljtf qfd'n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . –lszf]/ kGyL
lhNnf
;+o'Qm ;Dd]ng ;DkGg
afh'/f 5tf/f÷ b]zJofkL u0ftGqsf gf/fx?
3GsL/x]sf 5g\ . /fhg}lts pynk'ynsf] jt{dfg ljlzi6 38Ldf afh'/f lhNnfdf
bf]>f] bhf{sf] gful/s ;/x Aojxf/ ul/g] blnt, n}+lus pTkL8gdf ckx]lnt dlxnf,
z}lIfs ljs[tLsf lj?4 Jojxfl/s lzIffsf] dfu ub}{ cfO/x]sf qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{x?sf]
;+o'Qm lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
g]kfn blnt d'lQm df]rf{, clvn g]kfn
dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ / clvn g]kfn /fli6«o :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgog
-qmflGtsf/L_sf] ;+o'Qm lhNnf ;Dd]ng ut a}zfv *,( / !) ut] ;DkGg eof] . ;f]
sfo{qmddf ljz]if cltly s= lxtdfg,
g]=b=d'=df]= ;]d ;+of]hs tyf sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly 808ljqmd lj=s=, cg]/f:jljo'
-qmflGtsf/L_ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o emk6 ;fjb, g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ afh'/f lhNnf ;]qm]6/L
s= lIflthsf] / g]=b=d'=df]= s]Gb|Lo ;b:o gGbsnf lj=s= nufotsf cltlyx? /xg'
ePsf] lyof] .
;Dd]ngn] lhNnf ;ldlt gof” rog u/]sf] 5 .
c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ n] ! ;b:o kl5 yKg] u/L ( ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldlt lgdf{0f
u/]sf] 5 . cWoIfdf pdf pkfWofonfO{ rog u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L g]kfn blnt d'lQm
df]rf{sf] /d]z lj=s=sf] cWoIftf ! ;b:o kl5 yKg] u/L & ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldlt
rog u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L cg]/f:jljo” -qmflGtsf/L_sf] lty{axfb'/ a'9fsf] cWoIftfdf
!! ;b:oLo lhNnf ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 .
;f] ;+o'Qm ;Dd]ngdf z'esfdgf dGtAo lbb}
ljz]if cltly s= lxtdfgn] eGg'eof]– d'lQm, :jtGqtf k|fKt ug{ /ut aU5, alnbfg
x'G5 . pxf”n] hgjuL{o ;+u7gn] ;fd|fHojfbL / ;fdGtjfbL pTkL8gsf h/fsf lrxfg vGg
hlxn] klg tof/ /xg' kg]{ atfpg' eof] . sfo{qmdsf] cGtdf 3f]if0ff ;efdf xhf/f}+
hgtfsf cufl8 af]Nb} g]=b=d'=df]= ;]d ;+of]hs 808ljqmd lj=s=n] eGg'eof]–
æ;fj{ef}d clwsf/ nflu ;Dk”0f{ hgtf h'6\g' k5{ .
3f]if0ff ;efdf k|d'v cltlyn] gjlgjf{lrt
kbflwsf/LnfO{ zky u|x0f clj/ nufpg ‘ePsf] lyof] . –/d]z /fjn
dfcf]jfbL
of]hgfdf cu''jf s[ifs tflnd
z'e
zdf{
c5fd
-e6sfl6of_÷ j}1flgs pTkfbg k|0ffnLaf6 s[lif pTkfbg a9fpg g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
;]tL–dxfsfnL If]qLo Ao'/f]n] s[lif ljefu lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . h;n] If]qe/Ldf
s[lif pTkfbg a9fpg s[ifsx?sf aLrdf uP/ cu'jf s[ifs tflnd lb+b} cfPsf] 5 . ;f]xL
cg';f/ c5fd lhNnfsf s[ifsx?nfO{ hDdf u/L ut a}zfv !# ut] b]lv !( ut] ;Dd &
lbg] cu'jf s[lif tflnd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] tflnddf s[lif ljefusf If]qLo ;+of]hs
s= lbks s];Ln] s[ifsx?sf] aLrdf tflndsf] pb\3f6g ub}{ & lbg;Dd s[ifsnfO{
tflnd lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
g]kfnsf] *) k|ltzt eGbf a9L hg;+Vof
s[lifdf cfwfl/t ePsf] / s[lif pTkfbgaf6 dfq hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ p7fpg / :jf:Yo /xg
kf}li6s cfxf/ klg s[lifaf6 g} k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] ePsf]n] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ;]d
If]qn] s[lif pTkfbg a9fO{ hgtfnfO{ :jf:Yo /fVg æpTkfbg j[l4sf nflu sDkf]i6
dnsf] cfjZoQmf, :jf:Yo hLjgsf] nflu t/sf/L v]tLsf] clgjfo{tfÆ eGg] gf/f g}
agfPsf] 5 . pQm gf/fnfO{ Jojxfl/s ?kdf k|of]u ug{ s[lif ljefusf lbks s]=;Ln]
sDkf]i6 dn agfpg] tl/sf, lxpb] / aif]{ t/sf/Lx? ;LdL, jf]8L, s]/fp, sfpnL,
aGbf, Kofh, v/a'hf, sfqmf], km;L{, O:s';, d]yL, kfn'Ëf, /fof] cflb t/sf/Lx?
nufpg] af/]df tflnd lbPsf lyP .
To;}u/L v]tL tkm{ ds}, wfg, d;nf
afnLx?df cn}+rL, hL/f, cb'jf, a];f/, kmnkm'n v]tLdf df};d, ;'Gtnf, cf”k cflb
afnLx?sf] j}1flgs tl/sfaf6 pTkfbg ug{ ;f] tflnddf s[ifsx?nfO{ k|lzlIft ul/Psf]
lyof] . tflnddf jfnLx?df nfUg] /f]usf] klxrfg, /f]u / sL/f ;DaGwL cf}ifwLsf]
k|of]u / /f]uyfdsf] af/]df klg tflnd lbOPsf] lyof] . /f;folgs cf}ifwLsf ;fy}
3/]n' cf}ifwLx? agfpg] s'/f klg ;f] tflnddf k|lzlIft ul/Psf] lyof] . 3/]n'
cf}ifwL agfpg vL/f]{, 6Ld'/, O/f], ;'lt{, ;fa'g, e}+;] s'/Lnf], lgDa'sf] /;,
as}gfsf] t]n, af]emf], l;:gf], ltt]kftL, ufOsf] ux't, ltt]kftL cflb rLhx?nfO{
k|;f]wg u/L cf}ifwL lgdf{0f ug{ s[ifsx?nfO{ l;sfOPsf] lyof] .
To;}u/L tflnddf g;{/Lsf] lgdf{0f,
kmnkm'n / t/sf/Lsf] e08f/0f tyf k|zf]wg u/L cfn' lrK;, bfndf]6, af”; /
sf]O/fnfsf] crf/ agfpg], xl/of] ;fukftnfO{ ;'sfP/ e08f/0f ug]{ af/] klg
k|lzIf0f lbOPsf] lyof] .
pQm tflnddf s[lif ;xsf/Lsf] af/]df klg
s[ifsx?nfO{ k|lzIf0f lbOPsf] lyof] . o; cGt/ut >d ;xsf/L, cw{ ;fdflhs ;xsf/L
/ ;fdflhs ;xsf/L ljifo /x]sf lyP . To;}u/L tflnddf kf}li6s tTj ;DaGwL tflnd,
vfBfGg / kmnkm'ndf kfOg] tTjx? / To;n] dG5]sf] :jf:Yodf kfg]{ k|efjsf] af/]df
klg k|lzlIft ul/Psf] lyof] . cfkm\g} v]tLaf6 vfBfGgsf ;fy} t/sf/L /
kmnkm'nx?af6 dfG5]sf] z/L/df rflxg] cfjZos tTjx? vlgh, le6fdLg, k|f]6Lg,
sfjf]{xfO8«]8, km;kmf]/; cflb cfkm\g} v]tLaf/Ldf pTkfbg u/L To;sf] k|of]uaf6
lg/f]uL x'g] s'/f s[ifsx?df r]tgf d'ns k|lzIf0f lbOPsf] lyof] .
To;}u/L tflnddf /f;folgs dnsf] k|of]u /
jf]6 lj?jfnfO{ rflxg] tTjx?sf] af/]df klg ls;fgx?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] .
;f] tflnddf wfg, ds}, /fof], sfpnL, d'nf, s]/fp, l;dL, cflbsf] jLp ljt/0f ;d]t
ul/Psf] lyof] .
tflnd ;xefuL s[ifs rlr{tn] of] tflnd
pknAwL ePsf] s'/f atfp”b} hldg d”gL dn /fVg] / sDkf]i6 dn agfpg] s'/fn]
pTkfbgdf a[l4 x'g] s'/f atfP .
To:t} csf{ ;xefuL s[lifs hLjgn] j]df};dL
t/sf/Laf6 kmfObf lng ;lsg] s'/f atfP . To:t}u/L s[lif;+u} ;xsf/L tflndn]
pTkfbgdf j[l4 x'g'sf ;fy} cfGbf]ngdf klg ;xof]u k'Ug] s'/f atfP . o;}u/L
;'Gtfnf v]tLaf6 eGbf !) u'0ff kmfObf lng ;lsg] s'/f ;xefuL s[ifs /d]zn] atfP .
s[ifssf] tflnd u/fP/ gof” ;Qfn] s[lif
pTkfbgdf k|f]T;fxg u/]sf] / of] sfdaf6 hgtfn] cfkm\gf] pTkfbg k|0ffnLdf kmfObf
lng ;lsg] s'/f ;a} ;xefuLn] atfP . tflnddf k|To]s Pl/ofaf6 !@ hgf s[ifsx?sf]
;xefuLtf /x]sf] lyof] h;df lzlz/, h'g]nL, hLjg, ch'{g, nf]s/fh, ;'/]Gb|,
wgaxfb'/ / lbks lji6 /x]sf lyP . ;f] l6dn] ufp” ufp”df uP/ hgtfnfO{ gof”
t/Lsfaf6 v]tL ug{ l;sfpg] ePsf] 5 .
;f] tflnddf s= /d]zn] ;efkltTj ug{‘ePsf] lyof] eg] ;~rfng rlr{tn]
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . cGo cltlyx?df c5fd lhNnf s[lif ljefu OGrfh{ s= ljZjhLt, clvn
g]kfn ls;fg ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ c5fd lhNnfsL ;lrj sl/:df /xg' ePsf] lyof] .
olta]nf
cfwf/ If]qsf ljBfyL{, ls;fg, dlxnf, o'jf cflb ;a}n] cf–cfkm\gf ;+u7g ug{ yfn]sf
5g\ . ;+u7gsf] ljwfg adf]lhd k'/f ug{ kg]{ k|s[of / ;+u7gnfO{ cem} h'emf?, j}rfl/s :ki6tf /
hg;]jL agfpg klg ;Dd]ng, e]nf ug'{kg]{ /fo JoQm ub{5g\ h=j=;= sf
g]tfx?n] . olx s'/f bf]xf]¥ofP ljBfyL{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k"0f{axfb'/
l;+xn] . pgsf cg';f/ 8f]NkfnL ljBfyL{x?n] bf]>f] lhNnf ;Dd]ng u/]sf
5g\ .
æxfdL
xfd|f ;+u7gx?sf] e]nf ;Dd]ng dfq ub}{gf}+, of] t xfd|f] lgoldt k|s[of g}
xf] . e]nf ;Dd]ngdf xfdLn] xfd|f ljBfyL{x?nfO{ @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf] hgjfb af/]
klg k9fp“5f}+ . To;}n] xfd|f ;Dd]ng / e]nfx? :joddf lzIf0f ;+:yfx? klg
x'g\ . o;k6ssf] lzIf0f sfo{df g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf l;=l;=Pd= s=c0f' /
cf/=la=Pd= s= of]4f nufotn] dfn]dfjfbL lzIff lbg'eof] .Æ of] egfO{ lyof]–
ljBfyL{ g]tf k"0f{axfb'/sf] . pgn] xfd|f ;Djfbbftf xl/eQm a'9fnfO{
of] klg atfP ls pgLx?n] afuaxfb'/ a'9fsf] cWoIftfdf !# hgfsf] lhNnf ;ldlt
r'g] . of] r'Gg] / r'lgg] clwsf/sf lglDt lhNnfsf ;a} lg=df=lj= / df=lj= Pj+
ufp“ OsfO{ sld6Laf6 sl/a @ ;o hgf ljBfyL{x? cfPsf lyP .
xfd|f
;DjfbbftfnfO{ lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ b'O{ lbg;Dd rn]sf] pQm ;Dd]ngsf] ;+rfng
;lrj t'nf/fd a'9f / cWoIftf afuaxfb'/n] u/]sf lyP . ;Dd]ngnfO{ cGo h=j=;=
tyf kf6L{ k|ltlglwx?n] ;kmn agfpg z'esfdgf lbPsf lyP . :s'lnªdf kf6L{
l8=l;=P;= s= lzv/n] klg af]Ng' ePsf] lyof] . ;Dd]ng ut a};fv $ / % ut]
;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
ptf
df]8]n lhNnfaf6 ;Ifd zfxLn] df]8]nsf blntx?n] k|lzIf0f lzlj/ ;+rfng u/]sf] va/
k7fPsf 5g\ . pgsf cg';f/ ut r}q @% ut] l/ /g cleofg ;+rfng u/]sf] / g]=b=d'=df]
df]8]n lhNnfsf] Pl/ofx?df blnt :s'lnª ;+rfng ul/Psf] 5 . o;}qmddf Pl/of
g+= ^ sf] ;'jfsf]6df !!% hgfsf] ;xeflutfdf lhNnf pkfWoIf h;aL/ uGbe{ / kf6L{
l8=l;=Pd= s= zltifn] k|lzIf0f lbPsf] s'/f ;Ifd zfxLn] atfPsf 5g\ .
df]8]n
lgdf{0fdf blnt e"ldsf ljifodf k|lzIf0f rnfOPsf] lyof] . ;f]
sfo{qmdnfO{ uf]kfn lj=s=n] ;+rfng / wgaL/ lj=s=n] cWoIftf ug'{ ePsf]
lyof] .
o:t}
u/L pQm ;+u7gn] Pl/of g+= ( sf] /fdL8f“8fdf Ps e]nf u/L Pl/of ;ldlt lgjf{rg
u/]sf] 5 . e]nfdf :s'lnª klg rnfOof] . e]nfn] sdnf lj=s= nfO{ cWoIf
agfO{ cGo ( hgfnfO{ cGo kbflwsf/L ;lxt ;b:odf /fv]sf] 5 .
ptf
* g+= Pl/ofsf] /f]sfoufp“df blntx?sf] e]nf u/L sfdL / bdfO{ aLrsf] hftLo e]bsf]
cGTo ub}{ lrofkfg ;df/f]x ul/Psf]] 5 . ;f] ;df/f]xdf a|fx\d0fjfbL
;+:s[ltsf] e08fkmf]/ ub}{ hftLo lje]b u/fOg'sf] sf/0faf/] P]ltxfl;s ljifodf
k|lzIf0f rnfOPsf] ;Ifd zfxL atfp5g\ .
o;k|sf/
df]8]n lhNnf blnt e]befj pGd'ng lhNnfsf] ?kdf ljsl;t ug{ ;a} blntx? nflu k/]sf
5g\ . sfo{qmddf Pl/of O~rfh{ hLjg ;+u|fd tyf P=l;=P;= lgzfg nufotn]
k|lzIf0f lbPsf lyP .
hgd'lQm ;]gfg]kfn, kf“rf}+ lj|u]8sf ultljlwx?
;}Go etL{ pb\3f6gM oxL a}zfv
t]>f] xKtfdf a]yfg :d[lt kf“rf} lj|u]8sf] cfof]hgfdf cleif]s :d[lt z}Go
lzlj/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . l;Gw'nLsf] cfwf/ If]qdf ;DkGg pQm z}Go lzlj/df ufp“
hgldlnl;of, lhNnf hgldlnl;of kLPnnufot Psxhf/ hgfsf] o'lgkmfO8 kmf];{nfO{ %
cf}+ lacf/8Lsf] 6]«lgª ljefun] cfwf/e"t z}Go tflnd lbPsf] 5 .
lzlj/sf]
;dfkg;“u} ePsf] ;}Go etL{ cleofgsf] pb\3f6g sfo{qmds} lbg !)) hgf hgldlnl;of
hgd'lQm ;]gfdf etL{ ePsf 5g\ . hgd'lQm ;]gfdf etL{ ePsf gj hjfgx?nfO{
lj|u]8 sld;f/ s=k/jfgfn] clj/–dfnfn] :jfut u/L awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf lbg' ePsf]
lyof] .
lj|u]8
:t/Lo xflh/L hjfkm k|ltof]uLtfM hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn a]yfg :d[lt kf“rf} la|u]8sf]
cfof]hgfdf r}q % b]lv ( ut];Dd v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] s'/f kf“rf}+
lj|u]8 sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . xflh/L hjfkm k|ltof]uLtf tkm{ aLcf/8L
PrSo", q !$ cf}+ aLPg / !% cf}+ aLPgaLr k|lt:k|wf{ ePsf] lyof] .
k|lt:k|wf{df aLcf/8L PrSo" cGtu{tsf] ljefuLo 6Ld k|yd ePsf] lyof] .
csf]{ xflh/L hjfkm k|ltof]uLtfdf hDdf ( j6f 6Ldn] efu lnPsf lyP . h:df !$
cf}+ aLPg …l;Ú sDkgL k|yd, !% cf}+ aLPg …aLÚ sDkgL låtLo / !$ cf}+ laPg …aLÚ
sDkgL t[tLo ePsf] lyof] . cltl/Qm lqmofsnfk cGtu{t v]ns'bx?df ljho x'g]
6Ldx?nfO{ k"jf{~rn z}Go Jo"/f] OGrfh{ Pj+ kfrf}+ aLcf/8L sld;f/ sd/]8
k/jfgfn] k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ug'{sf ;fy} awfO{ 1fkg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
;h{/L
k|lzIf0f ;DkGgM hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfn k"jL{ l8lehg, a]yfg :d[lt kf“rf}
lj|u]8sf] cfof]hgfdf jl/i7 ;h{gsf] ljz]if pkl:yltdf !% hgf :jfYosdL{x?sf]
6LdnfO{ ;h{/L ;DalGw tflnd lbOPsf] 5 . pQm tflnd a}zfv * ut]b]lv z'? eP/
!# ut] ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . h;df @ bh{g 3fOt] hg;]gfsf] kl/If0fsf ;fy}
pkrf/ ul/of] eg] ! bh{g hgtfsf] klg pkrf/ ul/of] . o; k|lzIf0fn] cfufdL
lbgdf 3fOt] sd/]8x?sf] pkrf/ ug{ 7"nf] 6]jf k'Ug] s'/f :jf:Yo ljefu sdf08/
s=lw/hn] hgfpg' ePsf] 5 .
>4fGhnL
sfo{qmd ;DkGgM ut r}q !# ut] hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn a]yfg :d[lt kf“rf}+ lj|u]8sf]
cfof]hgfdf zxLb >4fGhnL sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
pRr
s]Gb|Ls[t sfjf{xLsf] cleofg ljleGg eL8Gtx?;lxt ef]hk'/;Dd o; lj|u]8sf] tkm{af6
@@ hgf xf]gxf/ sd/]8x?sf] zxfbt ePsf] lyof] . pQm >4fGhnL sfo{qmd
lj|u]8 sdf08/ s=k|df]bsf] ;~rfng, lj|u]8 sld;f/ s=k/jfgfsf] ;eflktTj, dfcf]jfbL
s]Gb|Lo ;b:oåo s=sdn / s=b]zaGw'sf] pkl:yltdf ePsf] lyof] .
pQm
sfo{qmddf zxLbx?sf hLjg ;+uLgL s=lgef / s=cr{gfn] cfºgf] kltsf] /utn] b]vfPsf]
af6f]df b[9tfk"j{s nfUg] k|ltj4tf JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . dfcf]jfbL
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s=sdn / b]zaGw'n] zxLbsf] dxTj / pxf“x?n] b]vfPsf] ;f] dfu{sf]
af/]df lj:t[t rrf{ ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] cGTodf kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pj+ lj|u]8
sld;f/ tyf sfo{qmdsf ;efklt s=k/jfgfn] pRr d[To"j/0f ug]{ ;a} sd/]8x?nfO{
dxfg\ zxLb 3f]if0ff ub}{ pxf“x?sf] /utaf6 g} n8fO{+sf] df]rf{ ;kmn ePsf] atfpg'
eof] . –;GWof
cfd x8\tfnsf] k"j{;GWofdf sfo{qmdx?
l;Gw'nL ;+jfbbftf
tLglbg]
cfd x8\tfnsf] k"j{;GWofdf cg]/f:jljo'-qmflGtsf/L_l;Gw'nLn] g]kfn aGbk|lt
k"0f{ ;dy{g / P]Soj4tf hgfp“b} ljleGg sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . k|fKt
;dfrf/ cg';f/ slknfsf]6 ufh;sf] 5fk ahf/df xTof/f 1fg]Gb|sf] k'Tnf
em'08\ofpg'sf ;fy} a}zfv @# ut] a]n'sf ;of}+sf] pkl:yltdf lj:kmf]6g ;lxt dzfn
h'n'z ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . o;}u/L clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ ! g+ Pl/of sld6Lsf]
cfof]hgfdf @# ut] dxfb]j:yfgsf] hvgLdf sf]0f;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . pQm
sf]0f;efdf clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ lhNnf ;x–;lrj lzjs'df/ uf}td / ;b:o ozf]bf lu/Ln]
g]kfn aGbk|lt ljBfyL{sf] P]Sojåtfsf] cf}lrTo af/] :ki6 kfb}{ aGb ;kmn kfg{
;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{, lzIfs nufot ;a} ju{ / k]zfsf JolQmTjx?nfO{ cfAxfg ug'{
ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L kf6L{ k|ltlglw s=ZofdsfhLn] klg jt{dfg l:ylt /
g]kfnaGbsf] p2]Zok|lt yk dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L @) ut] nfDkf6f/
ufh;sf] rsds] ahf/ / l;yf}{nLdf sf]0f;ef ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . pQm sfo{qmddf
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ lhNnf cWoIf gf/fo0fk|;fb e§/fO{, sf]iffWoIf zfGtf s'df/L du/
nufotsf jQmfx?n] af]ng' ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L lhNnfsf ^ j6} Pl/ofdf
1fg]–kf/;sf] k'Tnf em'08\ofPsf] / dzfn h'n'zx? ;DkGg ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
o;}u/L
aGbs} tof/Ldf ! g+=kf6L{ Pl/of ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf 8f“8L ufh;sf] dflnlg bdf/df
;of}+ hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf kmfol/ª ;lxt dzfn h'n'z k|bz{g u/]sf 5g\ eg] ljleGg
7fp“df 1fg]–kf/;sf] k'Tnf hnfPsf 5g\ .
wg'iffsf va/x?
zfxL ;]gfn] hgtfsf] 3/ n'6\of]
ut
r}q #) ut] wg'iff wjf}lnofdf ;r{ ug{ uPsf] -o'lgkmfO8 sdf08_ n] To; If]qsf
P=l;=Pd= x]d z+s/ e08f/Lsf] 3/af6 ^ SjLG6n rfdn, @ af]/f /x/Lsf] bfn / afs;sf]
tfNrf kmf]8]/ uxgf / gub n'6]/ nu]sf] / hgtfx?nfO{ lgd{dtfk"j{s s'6lk6
u/]sf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
;f]xL
lbg ob's'jf ufh;sf] j8f g+= $ a:g] ;Gts'df/ ;fkmLsf] 3/df klg s'6lk6 / vfgtnf;L
u/]sf] lyof] . To;}u/L ;f]xL lbg d'w's'/xL ufh;sf l;tfxL d08nnfO{ kqmfp
u/L nu]sf] lyof] .
5fkfdf/åf/f rf}sL ;]jf]6]h
ut
a}zfv @ ut] ;j}nf Onfsf k|x/L rf}sLnfO{ dfcf]jfbL 5fkfdf/n] lbp“;f] $ ah]lt/
ljikmf]6 u/L k"0f{ ?kdf Wj:t agfOlbPsf 5g\ . o; cl3 r}q #) ut] ljxfg
* jh] wg'iffdf–wg'iffwfd Onfsf k|x/L rf}sLdf ljikmf]6 u/L k"0f{ ?kdf Wj:t
kfl/Psf] lyof] .
;fdGtsf hUuf sJhf
ut
r}q @( ut] ;j}nf ufh;df s'Voft b/jfl/of /b]Zj/ k|wfg gfds ;fdGtL hldGbf/sf]
;j]nf ahf/sf] 3/ / $) lj3f hUuf hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf dfcf]jfbL 5fkfdf/n] sJhf
u/]sf 5g\ .
To;}u/L
r}q @@ ut] wg'iffwfd t]hgu/ ufh;sf] ;'Gb/ e§/fO{sf] 3/ hUuf, kf]v/L, km'njf/L
;d]t %) lj3f 5fkfdf/x?n] sJhf u/]sf 5g\ .
To;}ul/
k'/fgf] ;Qf cGtu{t uf]ljGbk'/ uflj;sf] lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] kf]v/L / shf/ /df}nf
ufh;df u'7L ;+:yfgsf] #) lj3f hUuf ;d]t sJhf ul/Psf] ;dfrf/ k|fKt
ePsf] 5 .
ljsf; lgdf{0f
hgd'lQm ;]gfsf ldlnl;of efO;
sdf08/ zxLb s=;'Gb/ -z+s/ zfx_ sf] gfddf g'jgkf]v/ k;f{xL ufh; cGtu{t g'jfkf]v/
rf]sdf eJo rf}tf/f]sf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] s'/f g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ wg'iffn]
hgfPsf] 5 .
Onfsf k|x/L rf}sL sJhfkl5 cGo rf}sL 5f]8]/
km/f/
ut r}q @# ut] wg'iff ob's'jf Onfsf k|x/L rf}sL sJhf kl5 k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;'/IffsdL{ cGo Onfsf rf}sL 5f]8L km/f/ ePsf 5g\ . lt rf}sLx?df ;j]nf Onfsf k|x/L rf}sL, h6xL rf}sL, vh'/L rf}sL, /x]sf 5g\ . rf}sL 5f]8]/ efu]kl5 Toxf“sf jfl;Gbfx?n] rf}sLdf 5f]l8Psf l6=eL=, h]g]6/ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ a'emfPsf 5g\ eg] cGo k+vf, 6]a'n, s';L{, ljh'nLsf] aQL :yfgLo hgtfn] pkof]u u/]sf 5g\ . t/fO{sf] ;'ud :yfgdf /x]sf] ob's'jf Onfsf k|x/L rf}sL sJhfkl5 pQm ufh;df dfcf]jfbLsf] /fhg}lts k|efj a9]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .
qmflGtsf/L ls;fgåf/f u'NdLdf hUuf sAhf
u'NdL÷ æ;fdGt tyf hldGbf/x? dfly xdnf ug'{
ls;fgx?sf] ck/fw x}g clwsf/ xf] Æ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy ;+rflnt ;fdGt tyf
hldGbf/x?sf] hUuf sAhf cleofg cGt/ut clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ u'NdLn]
lhNnfsf s]xL km6fxf / ;fdGtx?sf] hUuf sAhf u/]sf] 5 . ls;fgdfly e}/x]sf]
bdg / zf]if0fsf] lj?4df Pj+ ;fdlGt ;+/rgfdf cfwfl/t s[lif{ k|0ffnLsf] kl/j{tgsf]
nflu ;+3if{/t\ qmflGtsf/L ls;fgx?sf] ;+u7gn] lhNnfdf ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx?nfO{
3lge"t ?kdf cl3 a9fO/x]sf] 5 .
o;}
lznlznfdf xfn} gof“ ufp“sf] g]6]s6]/Ldf Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/ gof“ ufp“sf
hok|tfk dNnn] )#( ;fnb]lv cfjfb u/]sf] ljjflbt ;fj{hlgs hUuf sAhf ul/
;fj{hlgsLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 . gof“ ufp“sf ;fdGt lgh dNnn] sAhf ul/ cfkm\gf]
agfPsf] ;f] hUuf ljutdf ufp“n]x?n] x:tIf]k ul/ vf]:g] k|oTg ;d]t u/]sf
lyP . To:t}u/L ;f]xL sfo{qmddf gof“ ufp“s} cfTdaxfb'/ dNnsf] Toxf“ /x]sf]
;Dk"0f{ crn ;DklQ sAhf u/]sf] 3f]if0ff ;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] .
xfn}
c=g]=ls=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_sf lhNnf cWoIf lj/]Gb| s'“j/n] Ps ;"rgf hf/L ul/
ljleGg ;dodf cfd hgtfsf] lj?4df lqmoflzn e}/x]sf gof“ ufp“ c/f}+8Lsf rqmkf0fL
kf]v|]n, uf]ljGb kf]v|]n, lx/fd0fL kf]v|]n, / pdfsfGt kf]v|]nsf] gof“ ufp“df
/x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ rn crn ;DklQ sAhf u/L a]rljvgdf /f]s nufPsf] s'/f ;fj{hlgs
ug'{ePsf] 5 .
To:t}u/L
ut a}zfv @ ut] lhNnf cWoIf lj/]Gb| s'“j/sf] gfddf hf/L k|]z lj1KtLdf u'NdL
lhNnf h};Lyf]ssf dxfzdf{ e08f/Lsf] h};Lyf]s / gof“ufp“df /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{
crn ;DklQ sAhf u/L ljlqmL ljt/0fdf /f]s nufOPsf] s'/f hgfOPsf] 5 . To:t}
gof“ ufp“sf /fdaxfb'/ dNnn] cfkm\gf] agfPsf] /ohtsf] h+un sAhf u/L
;fj{hlgsLs/0f u/]sf] klg lj1KtLdf pNn]v 5 . –lszf]/ kGyL
vRr/ wgLn] GofP kfP
8f]Nkfaf6 k|fKt
;dfrf/ cg';f/ lqa]0fL– b'g} ;Ddsf] af6f] vGgsf nflu lh=lj=;= n]
cf/=l;=cfO{=8ANo' nfO{ 7]Ssfdf lbPsf] lyof] . pQm sDkgLn] :yfgLo
u0f]zaxfb'/ vqLsf] vRr/x? k|of]u u/L rfdn 9'jfgL u/]sf] lyof] . 9'jfgL
ubf{ Pp6f vRr/ b'3{6gfdf kl/ d¥of] . h;sf] If]tLk"tL{sf nflu lhNnf
hgcbfntdf ph'/L k/] kl5 Goflos ;ldltsf] a}7s a;L lgh u0f]z vqLnfO{ ;f] sDkgLaf6
IF]tLk"lt{ :j?k ? @$ xhf/ pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 . ;f] lg0f{o lh=h=;= k|d'v
g}gk|;fb kxf8L / Gofo ljefusf g/axfb'/ nfdfsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;n] u/]sf]
lyof] .
o;}u/L k|fKt csf]{ Ps
;dfrf/ cg';f/ z]–kmf]S;'08f] If]qsf] lqk'/sf]6 uf=h=;= sfof{no /flv ;+rfng
u/]sf] Pg=lh=cf]= ;+:yf 8ANo'=Pkm=kL= nfO{ s'g}klg sfo{ gug{ lgb]{zg lbOPsf]
5 . lgb]{zgsf] cj1f u/L sfo{ ;+rfng ul//x]sf]n] lt ;+:yfsf sd{rf/L ltns
9sfnnfO{ hglx/f;tdf lnOPsf] lyof] . 5fgljg kl5 pgnfO{ d'Qm ul/g] s'/f
Goflos k|ltlglwn] xfd|f ;Djfbbftf xl/eQm a'9fnfO{ atfP . ptf 1fg]Gb|sf v]tfnfsf] ?kdf dgf]lgt ePsf
:yfgLo lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx?n] wdfwd /fhLgfdf lbPsf 5g\ . o;}qmddf 8f]Nkfsf
k'/fgf] ;Qf cGt/utsf uf=lj=;= k|d'vx?n] /fhLgfdf lbPsf 5g\ . /fhLgfdf
lbg]df ;'pm“ uf=lj=;=sf k|d'v t'naxfb'/ w/fnf nufotsf 5g\ .
zfxL ;]gfåf/f lgz:qsf] xTof
ut a}zfv ( ut] zfxL ;]gfsf] Pp6f hTyfn] ;nf{xLsf]
wgu7f ufh;sf lw/]Gb| kf;jfgnfO{ 3/af6 kqmfp u/L lgd{d oftgf lbO{ xTof u/]sf]
;nf{xL hg;/sf/n] hgfPsf] 5 . hg;/sf/ k|d'v ef]nf ;xgLn] Ps aStJo k|sflzt
u/L pQm xTofsf08sf] eT;gf{ ug'{ ePsf] 5 . ;xgLn] pQm xTofsf] abnf
o'4d}bfgaf6 lng] atfp“b} kf;jfgsf kl/jf/k|lt ;Dj]bgf ;d]t k|s6 ug{‘ ePsf]
5 .
hgkl/rfng cleofg
;'?
l;Gw'kfNrf]s, r}q @(÷ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ @ g+ lhNnf cGtu{tsf] ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L hgkl/if8n] g'jfsf]6 / l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] pQ/L cfwf/ If]qx?df–ætfdfË :jfoQ k|b]lzo qmflGtsf/L hgkl/if8sf] cfJxfg, ;+u7g lgdf{0f tyf hgkl/rfng cleofgÆ gfds ltgdlxg] hgkl/rfng cleofgsf] z'?jft u/]sf 5g\ . ;of}+ hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf pb\3f6g ul/Psf] ;f] cleofgsf] pb\3f6g lhNnf hg;/sf/ g'jfsf]6sf k|d'v s=/hdfg tfdfËn] ug{‘ ePsf] lyof] eg] ;+rfng lhNnf hg;/sf/sf ;b:o s=/flwsf tfdfË ug{‘ ePsf] lyof] . s=kb\dsf] ;efkltTjdf ;+rflnt ;f] sfo{qmddf blnt d'lQm df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s=/f]lx0fL lj=s=, clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3 g'jfsf]6sf cWoIf s=/fdeQm pk|]lt, g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ /;'jf–g'jfsf]6–l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf ;lrjfno ;b:ox?n] dGtAo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .
ko{6sx?
;Ddflgt
g'jfsf]6÷
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] cGt/fli6«o If]qdf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_nfO{ cft+ssf/L ljNnf
le/fO{ abgfd u/fpg] b':;fx; ul//x]sf] a]nf g'jfsf]6df ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L
hgkl/ifbn] oxL r}q #) ut] Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L ljb]zL ko{6sx?nfO{
PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf hgjfbsf] ljsf; / ax'blno k|lt:kwf{ ;lxtsf] k"0f{
k|hftGqsf] kIfdf cGt/fli6«o If]qdf k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{] p2]Zon] ko{6s clegGbg
sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .
;f] sfo{qmddf lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v s=/hdfg tfdfË / Onfsf OGrfh{
s=;Gb]zn] k'mndfnf nufP/ clegGbg ug{‘ ePsf] lyof] eg] s=laqmfGtn] b'O{ 306f;Dd
@! cf}+ ztfAbLdf hgjfbsf] ljsf; / k|r08kysf] af/]df cGtlqm{of rnfpg' ePsf]
lyof] . ko{6sx? v';L t/ cRrlDet b]lvGy] . dfcf]jfbLsf] gfd} g;'g]sf
ko+{6s? cfºgf 8fo/Ldf dfcf]jfbLsf] gfd, lqmofsnfk tyf Sofd/fdf kmf]6f] s}b ug{
yfn]sf 5g\ .
;f] sfo{qmddf clwsf+z cltly
aQmfx?n] xfn b]zdf ljBdfg kl/l:ylt / xfd|f] sfo{ef/ af/] :ki6 ub}}{ /fhwfgL
nufotsf 7fp“x?df % bnn] ub{} cfPsf] k|ltudg lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngnfO{ x/]s t/xn]
;xof]u ug{ ;Dk'0f{ hg;d'bfo, a'l4hLjL, dfgjclwsf/jfbL, kqsf/ tyf ljleGg
;+3–;+:yfx?nfO{ cfJxfg ug{‘ eof] . ;fy} cfGbf]ngk|lt bx|f] ;dy{g /x]sf]
s'/f klg atfpg' eof] . ]
k|d'v cltlysf] cf;gaf6 af]Nb}
hg;/sf/ k|d'v s=/hdfg tfdfËn] æ;Dk'0f{ k|ltudg lj/f]wL zlQm Ps h"6 eP/
;+3if{df xf]ldg' kg{] / kxf8L e"uf]n dfq geP/ ;8s, ;x/ / ;b/d'sfdnfO{
o'4sf] 6]«Grdf abNg' kb{5Æ eGg'eof] .
lu/ºtf/ kl5 a]kQf
/;'jf,
a};fv !$÷ /;'jf lhNnfsf] sflnsf:yfgdf /x]sf] zfxL ;]gfn] lj/fdL af]Sg] PDa'n];
k|of]u u/L ;f]xL lhNnf of;f{ uf=h=;= j8f g+ % lgjf;L ;f]gfd nfdf nufot @
hgfnfO{ /;'jfaf6 sf7df08f+} hf+b} ubf{ /;'jfsf] j]ufjtL ahf/af6 sAhfdf lnO{
a]kQf agfPsf 5g\ . cfºgf] >Ldfg lgbf{]if /x]sf] / sf7df08f}+ 3/fo;L sfdn]
hf+b} ubf{ o:tf] 36gf 36]sf]df lghsf] kl/jf/ cfqmf]lzt ePsf 5g\ .