|
jif{ !# c+s #!,
ciff9 !% , @)^! Year 13, Issue 31, June 29,
2004 |
ljrf/
hut
PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLsf] hgjfbsf]
ljsf; / qmflGtsf r'gf}ltx?
;'gLn
PSsfO{+;f}+ ztfAbLsf]
;fd|fHojfb gof“ ?k / cfj/0fdf b]vf kb]{ uO/x]sf] 5 . cfw'lgsLs/0f,
pbf/Ls/0f / slyt e"d08nLs/0fsf nf]e nfUbf gf/fx? cl3 ;f/]/ gof“ 9ª\un]
;+;f/nfO{ cfºgf] clwgdf /fVg] ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] /0fgLltx?nfO{ 7Ls 9+un] a'em]/
To;nfO{ k|lt/f]w u/L PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbL klg ;j{xf/f qmflGt / gof“ o'usf]
z'ef/Desf ?kdf cl3 a9fpg b[9 x'g' ;j{xf/f ju{ / pTkLl8t hg;d'bfosf] gof“
r'gf}lt xf] . olta]nf ;f/f ;+;f/e/L pTkL8gsf lj?4 ljleGg k|lqmofn]
k|lt/f]wx? eO/x]sf 5g\ . Pl;of, clk|msf, Nof6Lg cd]l/sf / o'/f]ks} hgtfx?
klg ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4df s'g} g s'g} ?kdf cl3 a9\b} uO/x]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfbn] ckmuflg:tfg / O/fsdfly u/]sf] kl5Nnf] ;}lgs x:tIf]ksf lj?4
sl/a–sl/a ;+;f/e/L @))) eGbf a9L 7fp“df z;Qm hgk|lt/f]wx? ;DkGg eO;s]sf
5g\ . To;}u/L cGo ;–;fgf lj:tf/jfbL ultljlw / k'“hLjfbsf s}of}+
lqmofsnfksf lj?4 Gofok"0f{ ;ª\3if{x? b]vf kb}{ uO/x]sf 5g\ . oL ;a}
ljifox?af6 k|i6 x'G5 ls @! cf}+ ztfAbL klg qmflGtsf] ztfAbL x'g]5,,
7"nf–7"nf pynk'ynsf/L 36gfx? x'g]5g\ / ;+;f/el/sf hgtf gof“ ;+;f/
lgdf{0f ug]{ ljsNkdf nfdj4 x'g]5g\ . o'4 ljgf ;+;f/sf s'g} klg kl/jt{gx?
;Dej x'“b}gg\ cyf{t Gofok"0f{ o'4åf/f dfq} ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fnfO{ u'0ffTdstf
lbg ;lsG5 . cfw'lgs j'h{'jf nf]stGq cyjf ;+;bLo k|hftGq cyjf cd]l/sL
df]8]nsf] k|hftGq ;}Go lx+;fdf cfwfl/t 5 . ljZjel/sf ;Dk"0f{ dfgj
;+;fwgx?, pTkfbgsf ;fwgx?dfly kmf}hL tfutsf cfwf/df cfºgf] :jfldTj :yflkt ug]{
k'“hLjfbL / ;fd|fHojfbL cGt/f{li6«o ;+3÷;+:yfx? hgtfsf] lj/f]w / k|lt/f]wsf
sf/0f Pskl5 csf]{ u/L c;kmn ;fljt x'“b} uO/x]sf 5g\ . ;du|df eGg'kbf{
cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:ylt klg qmflGtsf] nflu cg's"n aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 .
o;/L Psflt/ qmflGtsf gof“–gof“ r'gf}ltx?sf] ;fdgf ub}{ ;j{xf/fju{n]
cfkm"nfO{ ;zQm ?kdf cl3 a9fpg' k/]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ cfºgf] cfTdut cj:yf /
cfGtl/s ;'b[9Ls/0fnfO{ dha't kfb}{ ljt]sf Oltxf;sf gsf/fTds lzIffx?nfO{ ;Rofpg
h?/L 5 . dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf j}1flgs ljZj b[li6sf]0fx? ;fj{ef}d
;RrfOåf/f k|dfl0ft ePsf 5g\ tfklg lj;f}+ ztfAbLsf] clGtdlt/ cfOk'Ubf
7"nf–7"nf dfn]dfjfbL ;j{xf/f juL{o /fHo;Qfx? k'“hLjfbL gf]s/zfxL
oGqdf ablnP/ sDo'lgi6 ljrf/ / b[li6sf]0fdfly g} k|Zg lrGx v8f ul/lbg] sfo{
u/] . k|yd cGt/f{li6«ob]lv låtLo, lqtLo cGt/f{li6«o;Dd k'Ubf nf;fn, k'|+bf],
jfs'lgg, 6«f6«:sL, v':rf]j, j]emg]j, -sf]ldG6{«g / sf]ldGkmd{;Dd klg_ l66f],
lnp ;fcf] rL, t]ª ltcfcf] km]ª cflb h:tf s}of]+ cj;/jfbL ;+zf]wgjfbL u2f/x? klg
b]vf k/], h;n] dfS;{jfb, n]lggjfbsf] vf]nleq} /x]/ dfcf] ljrf/wf/fsf] vf]nleq
/x]/ dfn]dfjfbnfO{ l;Wofpg] sfo{ u/] . dxfg\ n]lggn] eGg' ePsf] lyof]–
æcj;/jfb of ;+zf]wgjfb sf]xL cfsl:ds k|lqmof xf]Og, ;Dk"0f{ P]ltxfl;s
o'usf] ;fdflhs pkh xf] .Æ ;+zf]wgjfbL cj;/jfbn] g} ljZj sDo'lgi6
cfGbf]ngsf] zlQmzfnL ;j{xf/f d'sfdnfO{ 6'qmf–6'qmf kf¥of] / k'“hLjfbL k|lqmofdf
sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngnfO{ hj/h:tL ws]Nof] . ;j{xf/fju{sf] s/f]8f}+ jlnbfgåf/f
k|fKt ePsf 7"nf–7"nf /fhsLo ;Qfx? ;lhn} vf]qmf] ;flat x'g k'u] .
låtLo ljZjo'4sf] a]nf ;+;f/df ;a}eGbf a9L zlQm / tfut k|bz{g u/L tTsfnLg
;fd|fHojfbnfO{ Pskl5 csf]{ u/L k/f:t ug{ ;Sg] ef}lts zlQm sl/a tLg bzs;Dd
cfOk'Ubf k'“hLjfbL ;+oGqdf ablnof] . lgZro g} of] lsg eof] tyf ljZj
sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf o:t} o:t} s}of}+ cg'Ql/t k|Zgx?sf] ;xL ljZn]if0f / hjfkm @!
cf}+ ztfAbLdf qmflGt ug]{ gof“ ;j{xf/fju{n] lbg' kb{5 . cj;/jfb /
;+zf]wgjfb tyf kf6L{leq 3';]sf k'“hLjfbL Ph]06x?sf u2f/Lsf sf/0fn] ;j{xf/fju{sf
k|fKt pknlAwx? vtd eP eGg] l;wf pQ/ t xfdL;“u 5, t/ Tolt ;lhnf] pQ/n] dfq}
k'Ug] b]lvb}g . o;sf leqL h/fx? / :j?kx?sf] ;'Id ljZn]if0f u/L g;RofOsg
xfdLn] cfufdL r'gf}ltx?sf] ;fdgf ug{ ;Sg] 5}gf}+ lsgsL :jo+n] ;+zf]wgjfbL
cj;/jfbL tyf k'“hLjfbL Ph]06x?n] klg ;+zf]wgjfb;“u n8\g] eGby], ;dfhjfb /
;fDojfbnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ eGby] . oxL k|lqmofdf vf;u/L !(%^ sf] ?;L
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] jL;f}+ dxflwj]zgn] lnPsf lg0f{ox? / cem d"ntM !(^# b]lv
v|':rf]jn] cl3 ;f/]sf b[li6sf]0fx?af6 sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng uDeL/ ljrnglt/ uPsf]
lgisif{ lgsfNb} s=dfcf]n] To;nfO{ /f]Sgsf nflu dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts
qmflGtsf] z'?jft ug'{ eof] . s]xL ;fdfGo sldsdhf]/Lsf afjh'b klg dxfg\
;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts qmflGtn] b]vfPsf] ljrf/wf/fTds kIfnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ g} xfdL
cl3 a9\g' kb{5 .
jL;f}+ ztfAbLsf] ;f7Lsf] bzs;Dd cfOk'Ubf dfS;{, P+u]N;, n]lgg /
dfcf]n] k|ltkflbt u/]sf / Jojxf/df k'li6 / k|dfl0ft ePsf s}of}+ b[li6sf]0f /
ljrf/x?nfO{ :jo+ ;j{xf/fju{s} g]t[Tjdf ul7t /fhsLo ;Qfdf /x]sf JolQmx?n]
e|i6Ls/0f u/] . Psflt/ k'“hLjfbL b[li6sf]0f cg'?k lj1fg / k|ljlwnfO{ ;d]t
cfºgf] sfa'df lng] / ;+;f/nfO{ gflesLs, cf0fljs wDsLåf/f tyf sDKo'6/s[t
;"rgf ;~hfnåf/f cfly{s, ;f“:s[lts, /fhg}lts If]qdf Psflwsf/ sfod ug]{
;fd|fHojfbsf] gfª\uf] :j?k b]lvof] eg] csf]{lt/ Psbd} gof“ ljsNksf] ?kdf
b]lvPsf] ;dfhjfbL b[li6sf]0f h'g tLj| ultdf ljsl;t x'“b} lyof] gf]s/zfxL oGqdf
ablng yfNof] . lj1fg k|ljlwdf ;d]t ;fd|fHojfb;“u 6Ss/ lnP/ cl3 a9]sf]
;j{xf/fju{sf] d'Vo d'sfd ?;L /fHo;Qf ;fdflhs ;fd|fHojfbdf ablng yfNof] .
;+;f/el/sf pTkLl8t hgtfnfO{ ljrf/wf/fTds ?kdf PsLs[t ub}{ ;fDojfbL :jtGq
b'lgofdf cl3 a9\g' kg]{df cx+sf/jfb / 3d08n] r'/ x'“b} cfnf]rgf/lxt aGg] Wo]osf
sf/0f ?;L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ljjfbdf kg{ yfNof] / k"jL{ o'/f]k / Pl;ofdf gof“
5nkmnx? x'g yfn] . cfkm"n] u/]sf] k|ult / ljsf;nfO{ ;+oldt / ljj]sL
aGb} b'lgofe/sf ;j{xf/fju{nfO{ Plss[t ub}{ cl3 a9\g' kg]{df emg\ km'6k/:t tl/sf
ckgfP/ cfkm";“u c;xdt x'g]x?k|lt cfqmfds x'g'n] ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng
b'O{ w|'jdf b]vf k¥of] . s=dfcf]n] lg/Gt/ qmflGtnfO{ hf/L /fVg' kg]{
b[li6sf]0f cl3 ;fb}{ h'emf? / qmflGtsf/L wf/fsf] g]t[Tj ub}{ hfg' eof] .
:tflng x'“bf;Dd s]xL h8;'qjfbL ;f]+rsf afjh'b klg d"ntM ljZj sDo'lgi6
cfGbf]ng qmflGtsf/L wf/f k|jfxdf g} cl3 al9/x]sf] lyof] . ha :tflngsf] d[To' eof]
tab]lv / sltko cj:yfdf sf]ldG6g{s} a]nf / kl5 sf]ldGkmd{ ag]kl5 klg kf6L{leq
åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbsf cjwf/0ffnfO{ nfu" ug]{ ;jfndf ;d:of b]lvg yfn]sf]
lyof] . Psflt/ ?; nufot s}of}+ b]zsf kf6L{x?n] ju{x?sf] cGTo ePsf]-cfºgf]
b]zdf_ lgisif{ lgsfNg yfn] eg] csf]{lt/ sDo'lgi6 ;Qf leq} gof“ k|sf/sf] …ju{Ú
sf] pbo x'“b} uO/x]sf] lyof] . cfkm" :jo+ gof“ …ju{Údf ?kfGtl/t x'“b}
uPsf] s'/f pgLx?n] cfkm} :jLsfg]{ s'/f ePg . /fhsLo ;Qfsf] ef}lts
;'ljwfx?n] tyf ;Qfl;g cj:yfsf s}of]+ pGdflbx?n] cfkm" qmdzM gf]s/zfxL
oGqdf abln+b} uPsf] e2f sd{rf/L tGq / x}sdjfbL k|j[lt, gf]s/zfxL sfo{z}nL,
c;lx:0f'tf, kbnf]n'ktf, JolQmjfb h:tf s}of}+ sf/0fx?n] hgtf / ;j{xf/fju{sf]
kf6L{sf aLrsf] b'/L a9\b} lyof] . hgtf qmdz} sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf g]tfk|lt
ljlti0ff / lg/fz aGb} uO/x]sf lyP . hgtfsf] ;'emfj / cfnf]rgf ;'Gg] t s'/}
5f8f}+ a? bdg ug]{ k|lqmofsf] z'?jft eof] . hgtfn] cfºgf] c;Gt'i6L /
dtnfO{ hfx]/ ug{ kfpg], :jo+ hgtfn] cfkm} n8]/ NofPsf] /fhsLo ;QfnfO{ lgoGq0f /
lgu/fgLdf /fVg kfpg] ljlw / k|lqmof gag]sf sf/0f hgtfsf] dt lgl/x ;flat x'g'
:jefljs lyof] . ag]sf s]xL hgjfbL k|lqmofx? klg …sfuhL sygÚ dfq} x'g k'u]
/ Jofjxf/df nfu" ePgg\ . ;du|df eGg' kbf{ :jo+ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{leq gof“
;'ljwfef]uL, cj;/jfbL, gf]s/zfxL, x}sdjfbL, h8jfbL, kbnf]n'k, u}/;j{xf/fjfbL
k|j[ltx? a9\b} uP/ gof“ ju{sf] hGd eof] . h'g ju{ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ / ;dfhjfb
s} gfddf k'“hLjfbL gf]s/zfxdf kl/0ft x'“b} lyof] . h;n] ju{ ;ª\3if{nfO{
gof“ ablnPsf] kl/l:yltdf lg/Gt/tf lbg] t k|Zg} ePg emg\ pN6f] ju{;+3if{ ;lsPsf]
/ zflGtk"0f{ ;+qmd0fsf] o'u cfPsf] lgZsif{ lgsfNg k'Uof] . o:tf] kl/:yltnfO{
tf]8\g / ju{ ;ª\3if{nfO{ ablnPsf] kl/l:yltdf lg/Gt/tf lbg s=dfcf]n] rLlgof“
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{df kxnsbdL lng' eof] . a]nf avt ;'b[l9s/0f cfGbf]ng h:t}
slxn] % v/fjLsf lj?4 ;ª\3if{, slxn] tLg v/fjLsf lj?4 ;ª3if{, slxn] cfºgf v/fjL
lj?4 cfkm} ;ª\3if{ ug]{ cfºgf] 6fpsf]df cfkm} cfuf] nufpg] h:tf sfo{x? cl3
a9fP/ ;j{xf/f ;b/d'sfddf k'“hLjfbL b[li6sf]0fsf] k|j]znfO{ /f]Sg] ;+oGq ljsl;t
ub}{ cl3 a9g' eof] . dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f“:s[lts qmflGtåf/f g} v/fjLx?nfO{
;Rofpg] / ;j{xf/f juL{o dxfg\ nIonfO{ lg/Gt/tf lb+b} ;dfhjfbnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{
k|lqmofnfO{ b[9tfk"j{s cl3 a9fpg' eof] . of] k|lqmof k|ToIF hgtfsf]
;xeflutf ljgf ;Dej lyPg / Jofks hgjfbsf] Jofjxfl/s k|lqmofsf] k|of]uåf/f dfq}
;Dej x'GYof] h'g dfcf]n] ckgfpg' eof] . cfnf]rgf, cfTdf–cfnf]rgfnfO{ hg:t/df
k'¥ofpg] / kf6L{sf cGt/lj/f]wx? xn ug]{ hggLltsf] ljsf; dfcf]n] ub}{ hfg'
eof] . ljrf/nfO{ eGbf …;QfÚnfO{ ;j{:j 7fGg] cj;/jfbLx?n] cfºgf] /¨ abNnfg\
eGg] k"jf{g'dfg dfcf];“u klg x'g ;Sg] ePg, lsgsL hf] ;Qfdf cfl;g 5,
To;}sf] jvfg / :t'ltufgdf ;j{;QfjfbL cj;/jfb gflr/xG5 . lng Kofcf] h:tf
3f]/ if8\oGqsf/Lx?n] h;n] c?sf æPs xhf/ zAb a/fa/ dfcf]sf] Ps zAbÆ eGb}
dfcf]nfO{ …dfgj b]jtfÚ sf ?kdf k|:t't ub{y], n] wf]sf lbP . ljrf/nfO{
;tk|ltzt kl/Tofu u/]/ ;Qf k|fKt ug{sf] nflu 3f]/ ck/flws sfo{df nfu] . To;}u/L
x\jfsf] km]ª / rfpPgnfO{x? klg cGtt ;Qfsf] kl5 nfUg' / ljrf/nfO{ 5f]8\g'n]
dfcf]nfO{ ;f“:s[lts qmflGtsf] clGtd cj:yfdf cfp“bf cK7\of/f] kg{' :jefljs}
lyof] . t/ dfcf] hLljt x'“bf;Dd ;+zf]wgjfbL cj;/jfbn] v'n]/ 6fpsf] p7fpg
;s]sf] lyPg . hgtfdf dfcf]sf] k|efj Jofks lyof] . /]8 uf8{ /
;f“:s[lts qmflGt ;dy{s ;d'x, !^ dO{ ;d'x / qmflGtsf/L hgtfn] kf6L{leqsf
blIf0fkGyLx?nfO{ vj/bf/L ul//x]sf lyP / dfcf]sf] qmflGtsf/L nfOgsf kIfdf
b[9tfk"j{s plePsf lyP . lsgsL hgtfsf] Jofks …hgjfbÚsf] k|of]uåf/f
dfq} ;dfhjfbsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f / dfn]dfjfbsf] ljsf; x'g] s'/fdf dfcf] b[9 x'g'
x'GYof] . ;fob To;}u/L ;Qf k|fKt e};s] kl5 klg ljrf/wf/fTds kIf / hgtfsf]
hgjfbL ;xeflutf ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ;Qfdf x'g'kg]{ …;j{xf/f hgjfbÚ sf] Joj:yf
!(!& sf] qmflGtb]lv !(@$ df cfºgf] d[To' gx'Gh]n;Dd n]lggn] ul//xg' ePsf]
lyof], Tof] l:k|6nfO{ dfcf]n] lg/Gt/tf lbg' eof] . cflv/ !(&^df
dfcf]sf] b]xj;fg kl5 qmflGtsf/L ljrf/nfO{ k|ltjGw nufOof], qmflGtsf/L ljrf/sf
jfxs JolQmx?nfO{ ef}lts ;kmfof ul/of] / s}of}+nfO{ cfhLjg sf/fjf; ul/of] .
sf/fjf; ug'{ klg tnaf6 Jofks hgtfsf] bjfj / lj/f]w lyof] gq eg] ;a}nfO{
l;Wofpg] sfo{ z'? ePsf] lyof] .
oxLg]/ ljrf/0fLo s'/f s] 5 eg] dfS;{, P+u]N;, n]lgg, dfcf]
oxf“;Dd sL kl5Nnf] kL9Lsf xf]lrldGx, lsdOn ;'ª / lkm8]n Sof:6«f];Ddn] klg
ljrf/wf/fTds ?kdf clnslt klg km/s x'g]k|lt cfqmfds tl/sf / WjzfTds tl/sfx?
ckgfPgg\ . n]lggsf] g]t[Tjdf ?;df qmflGt ;DkGg e};s]kl5 klg kf6L{leq
s}of]+ ljifodf dte]bx? sfod lyP . bf]>f] cGt/f{li6«osf] ktgkl5 b]lvPsf
s}of}+ j}rfl/s cGt/lj/f]wx?nfO{ d}qLk"0f{ tl/sfn] 5nkmn, ax; / cGtlqm{ofsf]
dfWodåf/f xn ug]{ k|lqmof n]lggn] ckgfpg' eof] . ;fob ;Qfwf/L kf6L{sf]
g]tf ;d]t /x]sf] / s}of}+ ljifodf hgjfbL k|lqmofåf/f k|flwsf/k"0f{
;ª\u7gfTds cj:yfdf /x]sf n]lggn] lj/f]wL ljrf/, leGgtfnfO{ ef}lts?kdf h] klg
ug{ ;Sg] l:yltdf x'g' x'GYof] . t/ s}of}+ ljifodf cfkm";“u c;xdt
/fVg] dfn{ lnAjg]6 / /f]hf nShDju{x?;“u pxf“sf] ;f}xfb{k"0f{ ldqtf
/x\of] . /f]hf nshDju{nfO{ pxf“n] s}of}+ k|;+;fåf/f :yflkt ug'{
eof] . To;}u/L 6«f6«:sLx?;“u s}of}+ ljifodf dte]b lyof] . 6«f6«:sLsf
b[li6sf]0faf/] n]lggnfO{ w]/} hfgsf/L lyof] . kf6L{leq / cGt/f{li6«o
sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf 6«f6«:sLsf s}of}+ gsf/fTds b[li6sf]0fn] k|efj kf/]sf]
lyof] . t/ 6«f6«:sLx?nfO{ ef}lts?kdf ;Qfsf] b'?kof]u u/]/ if8\oGqåf/f
l;Wofpg] sfo{ n]lggn] slxNo} ;f]Rg' ePg, a? ;Ddfgk"j{s ljrf/wf/fTds ax;
cl3 a9fP/ …5nkmnsf] :jtGqtf / sfd sfjf{xLdf Ps?ktfÚ eGg] dfGotfnfO{ cl3 a9fpg'
eof] . To;}u/L !($( sf] hgjfbL qmflGtkl5 dfcf] rLlgof“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{leq
!(&^ jif{;Dd Ps cfwf jif{ jfx]s k'/} zlQmzfnL x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“n]
s}of}+ cfkm";“u c;xdt x'g]x?;“u leGg dt x'g]x?;“u ldn]/ sfd ug'{
eof] . leGgtfx?nfO{ l;Wofpg ;Sg] Ifdtf / ;Qfsf] kfj/ jxf“;“u ;f“:s[lts
qmflGtsf] clGtd cj:yf;Dd klg lyof] . t/ ljrf/wf/fTds k|Zgdf dfcf]n] To;f]
ug'{ ePg . a? Jofks hgjfbsf] k|of]u ug]{ / hgtfdf hfg] Psbd eJo / ;'Gb/
hgjfbL k|lqmofsf] z'? ug'{ eof] . t/ ha dfcf]sf] d[To' eof] ta kf6L{leq
hgjfbsf] klg Ps 9ª\un] d[To' eof] . ha n]lggsf] dTo' eof] ta ?;L kf6L{leq
hgjfbsf] d[To' eof] . !(&^ kl5 kf6L{sf] jl/i7 kf]ln6Jo"/f]sf]
x}l;otsf] cfwf/df Rofª lrª / Rofª r'ª lrcfcf]n] cfºgf egfOx? ;Ddflgt kf6L{ /
hgtfsf ;fd' /fVg kfpg' kg]{ bzf}+ k6ssf] dfunfO{ nTofP/ cfhLjg sf/fjf;sf] ;hfo
lbg] d[To'b08sf] lg0f{o;Dd ug{ k'Ug] if8\oGqsf/L k|ltlqmofjfbLx?n] …hgjfbÚ sf]
7f8} xTof u/]/ . dfcf]n] To:tf] k|sf/sf] if8\oGq slxNo} ;f]Rg' klg ePg /
:jo+ blIF0fkGyLsf ljrf/x? klg hgtfdf nfg kfpg] k|lqmofnfO{ :yflkt ug'{
eof] . o:t} if8\oGqsf/L / tfgfzfxLk"0f{ tyf gf]s/zfxL sfo{z}nL
ckgfPsf]n] rfpr]:s', l66f] / kf]nkf]6 h:tf JolQmx? sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf gsf/fTds
kfqsf ?kdf abgfdL eP h;nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ ;fd|fHojfbL / k'“hLjfbLx?n] sDo'lgi6
b[li6sf]0f / ljrf/ dfly g} eLif0f xdnf u/] . dfS;{, n]lgg / dfcf] h:tf
dxfg\ j}rfl/s g]tfx?sf Jofks hgjfbL tl/sfx? x'“bfx'“b} klg sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng
s]xL wf]s]jfh u2f/x?sf ultljlwn] gf]s/zfxL / tfgfzfxL k|lqmof eg]/ abgfd x'g
k'Uof] . n]lggn] ;j{xf/fju{sf] clwgfosTjnfO{ …;j{xf/f hgjfbÚ sf] eJo,
;'Gb/ / dxfg\td JofVof / k|of]usf ?kdf cl3 a9fpg' eof] / ax';+Vos >dhLjL,
dhb'/, ls;fg ju{nfO{ …hgjfbLÚ k|of]usf] dxfljBfnosf ?kdf ljsl;t ug'{ eof] /
ToxL hudf …hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf]Ú l;4fGtnfO{ cl3 a9fpg' eof] . dfcf]n] klg
;j{xf/f ;b/d'sfdsf] s]Gb|Ls/0fnfO{ dha't kfg{ hgjfb / s]Gb|Lotfsf] ;xL
tl/sfnfO{ k|of]u ub}{ hgtfsf] hgjfbL clwgfosTjnfO{ eJotd\, dxfgtd\ / ;'Gb/td
tl/sfn] ljsl;t ug'{ eof] . h;df d'¶Le/ qmflGtlj/f]wL k|ltqmflGtsf/L
tTjdfly clwgfosTj / cfd hgtfnfO{ …hgjfbÚsf] ;'Gb/ k|lqmof cGt/lglxt
lyof] . t/ ;+;f]wgjfbL gf]s/zfxL oGq / Ph]06 u2f/x?n] ;j{xf/fju{sf]
clwgfosTjnfO{ d'¶Le/ kf6L{leqsf g]tfx?sf] gf]s/zfxL oGq / tfgfzfxL oGqsf ?kdf
k|of]u u/] / e|i6Ls/0f u/] .
xfdLn] …hgjfbÚnfO{ b'O{ cy{df a'‰g' kb{5 . Pp6f kf6L{leqsf]
ljlzi6 …hgjfbÚ cyf{t …hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] hgjfbÚ / csf]{ Jofks …hgjfbÚ cyjf cfd
hgtfsf] …hgjfbÚ . kf6L{ leqsf] hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotf k|d'v c:q xf] .
åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb / P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbnfO{ xfdLn] a}1flgs l;4fGt dfGg] ePsfn] cfGtlj{/f]wx? ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0faf6
36gf k|lqmof tyf :jo+ kf6L{ leq klg ljleGg leGgtfx? clgjfo{ x'G5 . dt
leGgtfx?sf aLr d}qLk"0f{ ;ª\3if{ x'g' kb{5 / :jtGqtfk"j{s cfºgf
ljrf/x?nfO{ /fVg kfpg] k|lqmofnfO{ :yflkt ug'{ kb{5, h;n] kf6L{nfO{ sdhf]/
agfp‘b}g . ljrf/wf/fx?sf aLr Jofks hgjfbL k|lqmofdf 5nkmn ax; ePkl5 dfq}
dfGo / :yflkt s]Gb|Lotf ;'b[9 x'G5 . s]Gb|Lotfsf] s'/f ubf{ hgjfbnfO{
e'Ng], hgjfbsf] s'/f ubf{ s]Gb|LotfnfO{ e'Ng] sbflk ug'{ x'“b}g . hgjfbsf]
s'/f ug]{x? c/fhstfjfbL x'g] s]Gb|Lotfsf] s'/f ug]{x? gf]s/zfxL x'g] eGg]
k|j[ltx? obfsbf b]lvG5 . of] 7Ls ;f]rfO xf]Og . lgZro g} s]Gb|Lotfaf6
cnUofOPsf] hgjfb c/fhstfjfb x'g] / hgjfbaf6 cnufOPsf] s]Gb|Lotf gf]s/zfxL x'g
;Sb5 . t/ klxn] g} hgjfb / s]Gb|LotfnfO{ 5'6\ofP/ a'‰g] / cnu–cnu ug{ vf]Hg'
7Ls xf]Og . oL b'a} ldn]/ hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotf ag]sf] xf] . To;}n] hgjfbL
s]Gb|LotfnfO{ kf6L{leqsf cGt/lj/f]wx? xn ug]{ jf hLjgdf kf6L{nfO{ PsLs[t agfpg]
c:q s} ?kdf xfdLn] a'‰g' kb{5 . n]lgg / dfcf]n] cfºgf] hLjgdf kf6L{leq
hgjfbL s]Gb|LotfnfO{ ;xL 9ª\un] k|of]u ug'{ ePsf] lyof] t/ kl5Nnf lbgx?df h;n]
lj/f]w ug'{ 5, dt /fVg' 5 / c;xdt hfx]/ ug'{ 5, To;n] …hgjfbÚ nfO{ ;dfTg] /
h;n] bdg ug'{ 5, cfºgf] s'/f hj/h:tL nfu' ug'{5, c?sf] cfnf]rgf / lj/f]w ;'Gg'
5}g, To:tfx?n] s]Gb|LotfnfO{ ;dfTg] tl/sfx? ckgfp“b} uP . h;n] ubf{ hgjfbL
s]Gb|Lotfsf] efjfTds cy{ / dxTj;d]tnfO{ ;+zf]wgjfbL / cj;/jfbLx?n] ljs[t kfb}{
nu] . lj1fg, k|ljlw / r]tgf tyf ljrf/sf] emg} ljsf; ePsf] cfhsf] PSsfO;f}+
ztfAbLdf hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] dxTj emg} a9]/ uPsf] 5 . PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf
qmflGt ug]{ dfn]dfjfbLx?n] hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] l;4fGtnfO{ csf]{ p“rfOdf ljsl;t
ug{ ljutsf sltko unt k|lqmofnfO{ ;Rofp“b} cl3 a9\g' kb{5 .
csf]{ Jofks cy{sf] …hgjfbÚ h;n] j'h'{jf k|hftGqsf] k'“hLjfbL
tfgfzfxL jf gf]s/zfxLnfO{ h/}b]lv ºof“s]/ jf:tljs k"0f{ k|hftGq
-k"0f{ hgjfb_ h;df cfhsf] hgtfsf] k|ToIf ;+nUgtf x'G5sf] k|ltlglwTj
ub{5 . of] ljifo :jo+ xfd|f] kf6L{sf] bf]>f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngåf/f kfl/t
k|:tfj / s]Gb|Lo ;ldltåf/f kfl/t @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf hgjfbsf] ljsf; eGg] k|:tfjdf
5n{¨ b]Vg ;lsG5 . ljifosf] p7fg / z'?jft 7Ls} tl/sfn] ePsf] lyof] .
ljifoj:t'sf] ;du| kf6f] / uxg cWoog x'g af“sL lyof] tfklg h'g ljifodf 5nkmn
ck"0f{ 5 / h'g :t/df o;n] ult lng kb{Yof] ToxL :t/df of] ljifon] 5nkmn /
cGtlqm{ofsf] ult lng ;s]sf] 5}g . sltko cj:yfdf of] ljifosf] 5nkmnn] kf6L{sf]
x]8Sjf6/ sdhf]/ x'G5, s]Gb|Lotf sdhf]/ x'G5, kf6L{df c/fhstf k}bf x'G5 /
o'4sfnLg cj:yfdf cj;/jfbLx?n] dfq} …hgjfbÚ sf] s'/f ub{5g\ eg]/ x]g]{ / 5nkmn
cGtlqm{ofdf ult/f]w k}bf ug]{ ;+ls0f{ ?9LjfbL h8tfx? klg b]vf kb{5g\ .
d"n?kdf geP klg cf+lzs ?kdf b]lvg] o:tf] k|j[ltnfO{ ;Rrfp“b} qmflGtsf/L
l;h{gfTds k|lqmofdf cl3 a9fpg emg} cGtlqm{of / ldqjt 5nkmnsf] cfjZostf 5 .
ljrf/wf/fTds 5nkmn, cGtlqm{of / ax;n] …k|r08kyÚ / ;j{xf/fju{sf] x]8Sjf6/ emg\
dha't / jlnof] x'G5 . To;}n] ljgf k"jf{u|x 5nkmn, ax; / cGtlqm{ofdf
;a}n] ;xefuL e} s}of}+ ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf cg'Ql/t k|Zgx?sf] ;l6s hjfkm
lbg ;Sg] :t/df p7\g' g} k|r08kysf] ;xL ;+:n]if0f x'g]5 .
;j{xf/fju{sf] /fhsLo ;Qfdf ;a} hgtfsf] lgu/fgL, lgoGq0f / cfjZos
k/]sf] v08df hgtfsf] x:tIf]k ;d]t x'g'k5{ eGg] s'/f xfdLn] p7fO;s]sf
5f}+ . 7"nf–7"nf ju{;ª\3if{ / dxfg\ jlnbfgL efjaf6 lgdf{0f ePsf]
hgtfsf] kmf}hL zlQm l;ldt Jof/]sdf s}b x'“bf lgdf{0f x'g] …;}Go sd{rf/LtGqÚ /
lgoldt jf]lemnf] ;}Go kmd]{zgnfO{ o'4eGbf klxn] h;/L Jofks hgtfsf] aLrdf /xg] /
pTkfbg sfo{, ju{ ;ª\3if{sf] sfo{ / j}1flgs k|of]usf] k|lqmofdf cl3 j9\g' kg]{
s'/f pl7;s]sf] 5 . To;}u/L lgjf{lrt ;ldltx? jf lgjf{lrt JolQmx? / dgf]lgt
JolQmx?n] hgpQ/bfoL eP/ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ g;s] lkmtf{ af]nfpg] ;+oGqsf] ljsf;
ug'{ kg]{ / Pp6} JolQm nfdf] ;do;Dd Pp6} kbdf /xg' eGbf /f]6]zg x'g] k|lqmofn]
…hgjfbÚnfO{ ;xL lbzflt/ 8f]¥ofpg] s'/f klg xfdLn] elg;s]sf 5f}+ .
gf]s/zfxL oGqnfO{ /f]Sg] / oL ljifosf] s;/L JofVof ljZn]if0f ub}{ s'g k|lqmof /
ljlw agfpg] eGg] s'/f qmdz} hg;Qfsf] :j?k / ju{;ª\3if{sf] ljsf;sf] :t/;“u cl3
a9\g] / ljsl;t x'g] s'/f xf] . km]l/ klg ljt]sf Oltxf;sf] ;+Zn]if0f ug{
xfdL ;S5f}+ / ;Sg' kb{5 . eljiodf s] xf]nf eGg] s'/f xr'jfsf] e/df clxn]
7f]s'jf u/]/ eGg ;lsg] ljifo xf]Og, lsgeg] dgf]ut sNkgf x'g ;S5 . t/
Oltxf; ljlt;s]sf] x'G5, Tof] ToxL / To:t} ?kdf bf]xf]l/b}g To;}n] To;sf]
;+Zn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5, h;n] eljionfO{ cfwf/ v8f u/f];\ . s}of}+ To:tf ljifox? x'G5g\ hf] ;+Zn]lzt gul/sg cl3 a9\g
;lsb}g . elgG5, s'g} klg /fhg}lts k|0ffnLsf] d'Vo sfo{ ;dfhsf zlQmx? / >f]tx?nfO{
zfifs ju{x?sf nIox? / :jfy{x? k"/f ug{sf] nflu kl/rfng ug'{ xf] To;
k|of]hgsf nflu o;sf] Pp6f ljz]if ;+oGq / ;fwg x'G5 h'g /fHox?åf/f k|ltlglwTj
ul/Psf] jfWofTds lgsfo xf] . To;sf/0f /fHo eg]sf] ;dfhsf] /fhg}lts
k|0ffnLsf] k|d'v tTj xf] . /fhg}lts k|0ffnL ;dfh ju{x?df ljefhg ePkl5
cl:tTjdf cfp“5 / ju{ ;DaGwx? k|s[ltsf] cfwf/df of] cGtlj{/f]wk"0f{ x'g
;S5 . ;dfhsf] /fhg}lts k|0ffnL cfB]o ;+/rgfsf] dfu xf] / oxL sf/0f
/fhg}lts ;ª\u7gsf] ljsf; cfB]o ;+/rgfsf] lgodåf/f lgoldt x'G5 .
;j{xf/fju{sf] ;Qf hgtfsf] k"0f{ hgjfbL /fHo;Qf ePsf]n] To;}sf lgodx? /
p2]Zo cg'?k k|ToIf hgtfsf] ;xeflutf, lgoGq0f / lgu/fgLdf /xg' ;xL / j:t'jfbL
5 . n]lggn] eGg' ePsf] 5 ls ;QfRo"t zf]ifs ju{sf] k|lt/f]wnfO{ bdg
ug'{, >lds hgtfsf] ljzfn efu-;d"x_ / hg;+Vofsf] u}x|;j{xf/f efu;“u
dhb'/ju{sf] PstfnfO{ ;'b[9Ls/0f ug'{ / ltgLx?nfO{ dfu{bz{g ug'{ / Pp6f ;dfhjfbL
;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug{sf] nflu dflg;nfO{ ;ª\ul7t ug'{ cfjZos 5 . -n]lgg
;+slnt /rgf v08 #! k[=!*%–*^_ To;}u/L pxf“ km]l/ eGg'x'G5– æ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjn]
k|hftGqnfO{ pk]Iff ug'{ t k/} hfcf];\ a? To;sf] k"jf{k]Iff ub{5 . ;j{xf/f
clwgfosTjsf] /fHo Pp6f u'0ffTds ?kn] gof“ lsl;dsf] k|hftGq xf], >lds hgtfsf]
nflu k|hftGq xf] . ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjdf d'Vo s'/f lx+;f xf]Og a? /rgf Pp6f
pRrtd lsl;dsf] ;fdflhs ;ª\u7gsf] lgdf{0f xf] .Æ -n]lgg ;+slnt /rgf ;+u|x
v08 @& k[= @(*_ ;j{xf/f hgjfb k'“hLjfbL hgjfb eGbf nfvf}+ u'0ff hgjfbL x'G5
eg]/ n]lggn] JofVof ug'{ ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L dfcf]n] klg ;dfhjfbL k|lqmofdf
…;of}+ km"nx?nfO{ km"Ng lbg] / ;of}+ ljrf/sf wf/fx?nfO{ k|lt:kwf{ ug{
lbg]Ú k|lqmofnfO{ ;'Gb/ / ;/n tl/sfn] Jojxf/df k|of]u ug'{eof] . lbn
vf]n]/ ljrf/ /fVg kfpg], a[xb jfbljjfb / cGt/lqmofx?sf] cfof]hgf ug]{, hgtfn]
;d]t g]tf÷ sfo{stf{sf] Jofks cfnf]rgf ug{ kfpg], sf] ;xL / sf] unt eGg]
5'6\ofpg hgtfaf6} z'? ePsf] …7"nf cIf/ jfnf kf]i6/ tl/sfÚ nfO{ ckgfpg'
kg]{ h:tf s}of}+ k|lqmofx? dfcf]n] k|of]u ug'{ eof] . n]lgg / dfcf]n]
ckgfPsf o:tf s}of}+ k|lqmofx?n] …hgjfbÚ sf] cEof;nfO{ cfd hgtfdf :yflkt u/]sf]
lyof] / ;j{xf/f ju{sf] /fHo;Qfk|lt Jofks hgtfsf] ;dy{g k|fKt lyof] .
s}of}+ kl5sf ;+zf]wgjfbLx?n] of] k|lqmofnfO{ tf]8df]8 u/] .
;j{xf/fju{ ;a}eGbf ;r]t / k|ultzLn ju{ xf] . qmflGt ;DkGg
ul/;s]kl5 hgjfbL /fHo jf ;dfhjfbL /fHo pRr:t/df k'Ub5 / Tof] ;Dk"0f{
hgtfsf] /fHo aGg' kb{5 . kf6L{leq jf ;/sf/ jf ;]gfsf] x}l;ot / kbsf]
cfwf/df …/fHo;QfÚ /xg'n] gf]s/zfxL ;+oGqsf] hfnf] jf d'¶Le/ JolQmsf] k]jf aGg
k'Ub5 . kbnf]n'ktf / dxTjfsf+Iff a9\g' klg lsg x'G5 eg] ;Qfdf ljrf/eGbf kb
/ k|lti7f xfjL x'g hfG5 eg] To;sf] k|efj k5{ . o;nfO{ /f]Sg] ljrf/nfO{
xfjL u/fpg cyf{t kb / k|lti7f 5f]8\g ;Sg] t/ ljrf/ 5f]8\g g;Sg] k|lqmofsf]
ljsf; ug'{ kb{5 . o;sf] 7Ls ljk/Lt ljutdf ljrf/ ;lhn} 5f8\g] t/ kb /
k|lti7f 5f8\g g;Sg] k|lqmofsf] ljsf; eof] . cfufdL lbgdf o;nfO{ ;Rofpg}
kb{5 . /fHosf ;Dk"0f{ pTkfbgsf ;fwgx?dfly hg :jfldTj sfod x'g'
k5{ . zf]ifsju{ tyf k'“hLjfbL ju{sf] lj/f]wnfO{ /f]Sg Jofks hg :jfldTj ePsf]
hgjfbL x'“b} ;dfhjfbL cy{ Joj:yfnfO{ ;ª\u7Lt ug'{ kb{5 . zfifsju{ /
zfliftju{ x'g' /fHo ePsfn] :jefljs xf] t/ …/fHo;QfÚnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ hgtfsf]
…;QfÚ sf] ?kdf ljsl;t ug'{ kb{5 . s]jn >dhLjL ju{sf] dfq}sf] ;j{xf/f
hgjfb ge}sg …k|ltqmflGtsf/L lu/f]xÚ afx]s ;Dk"0f{ ;dfhsf ;a} ;b:ox?sf]
hgjfbsf] ?kdf ljsl;t ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . JolQmsf] a'x'd'vL ljsf;sf]nflu
clgjfo{ …gful/s clwsf/ / :jtGqtfÚ nfO{ lj:tfl/t ug'{ kb{5 . ;dfhdf jf
k|zf;lgs If]qdf cfºgf] clwsf/sf] pkof]u ug{ / lj:tf/} lj:tf/} e2f sfg'gL
k|ltdfgx?sf] ;dfKtL ub}{ ;fd'bfoLs hLjgsf k|ltdfgx?nfO{ ;+:yfut ul/g'
kb{5 . /fHoåf/f p7fpg] hf]/ hj/h:tL sbdx?df sdL Nofp“b} /fHosf] ;ª\u7gfTds
/ z}Ifl0fs lqmofsnfkdf lg/Gt/ ;'wf/ NofO{ gful/sx?sf] r]tgfdf ljsf; u/fpb} :jtM
sfg'gsf] kfngf u/fpg] k|lqmofnfO{ cl3 a9fpg' kb{5 . …hgjfbÚdf hgtfsf]
dtnfO{ ;jf]{k/L 7flgG5 . hgtfsf] dtnfO{ z;St ;fwgsf] ?kdf ljsl;t ub}{
/fHosf k|d'v cª\ux?, ;/sf/L ljefusf k|d'v kbx?nfO{ lj:tf/}–lj:tf/} Jofks
hgdtsf] hgjfbL k|lqmofåf/f :yfkgf ug]{, /fHo ;~rfng k|lqmofnfO{ k]zf jf hflu/]sf
?kdf geP/ st{Jo / bfloTjsf?kdf ug]{ sfo{ k4ltsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug'{, :yfgLo /fHosf
c+ux?n] hgtfsf ;ldltx? jf hg;+u7gsf jLrjf6 /fo lng] / cfkm\gf sfo{x?nfO{
cg'df]lbt u/fpg] k|lqmofnfO{ ;+:yfut ub}{ hfg', /fhsLo ;Qfsf tnb]lv dfly;Ddsf
;a} lgsfox? hgtfsf] lgoGq0fdf x'g' / cfly{s, ;f“:s[lts, /fhgLlts ;ª\u7g /
;+:yfgsf sfo{x?df hgjfbL clwsf/sf] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ cleJolQm x'g' clgjfo{
x'G5 . hg;ª\u7g / k|ltlglw ;ª\u7gsf] ;fy;fy} k|ToIf klg hgtfn] /fhsLo
;Qfdf lgu/fgL / lgoGq0f /fVg kfpg] ljlw x'g', hglgolGqt sfg'gsf] Uof/]06L ub}{,
gful/s clwsf/sf] ;'/IFf ub}{ ;fdflhs lgoGq0fdf hfg', JolQmsf] :jtGqtf, ;Ddfg,
k|lti7f, j}rfl/s ljrf/k|ltsf] lgi7f / cf:yf cflbsf] plrt /Iff x'g] k|lqmof
cflbnfO{ Jojl:yt kfg'{ kb{5 . …hgjfbÚ Jofks / ;d:t hgtfsf] OR5f / lxtsf]
;'Gt/ cleJolQmsf] ?kdf x'g' kb{5 . o;f] x'“bf dfq} cfd hgtfn] /fHosf
Jofjxfl/s lqmofsnfkdf :j]lR5s ?kdf cfºgf] ;xeflutf hgfp“b5g\ . hgtfsf
hg;ª\u7gx?n] k|ToIf hgtfsf] lxt ;fwg ub{5g\ . hg;ª\u7gx?sf] nIo hgtfsf]
ef}lts / ;f“:s[lts :t/nfO{ dfly p7fpg' / x/ JolQm / ;d:t hg;+Vofsf]
lqmofsnfknfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg', ;d:t >dhLjL hgtfsf] /fhsLo ;Qfsf k|zf;lgs
If]qdf ;d]t ;xeflutf hgfpg ;Sg] ljlw agfpg', ls;fg / dhb'/sf ;fd"lxs kmd{
/ ;fd"lxs k|0ffnLnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg', tL ;a}nfO{ ;d:t hgtfsf] ;DklQsf]
?kdf ljsl;t ug'{, eJo / ;fgbf/ hgjfbL k|lqmofsf] cfwf/df pTkfbg ;DalGw
;fd"lxs ;ldltx? lgdf{0f ug'{, sf/vfgfsf Dofg]h/x? ;d]t dhb'/ lgolGqt /
lgjf{lrt x'g] k|s[ofnfO{ :yflkt ug'{, lzIffnox?nfO{ ;d]t hgtfsf ef}lts cfjZostf
k"/f ug]{ / ;d:t /fHonfO{ cu|ult lbg], hgtfnfO{ gof“–gof“ r]tgf lbg] 1fg
If]qsf] ?kdf ljsl;t ug'{, hgtfn] cfºgf] ;Qfsf] k'/} pkof]u ub}{ x/ JolQmsf]
ax'd'vL ljsf;sf] nflu pTkfbgsf] If]q, cfly{s If]q, ;fdflhs–/fhgLlts If]q,
;f“:s[lts–g}lts If]q, ef}lts–cfWofTdLs If]q cflb ;a}df hgtfsf] lgu/fgLdf /xg',
sfo{stf{ k|ToIf hgtfsf] lgu/fgLdf /xg', hgtf kf6L{sf] tyf /fHo;Qfsf] of]hgf /
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