|
jif{ !# c+s #@,
ciff9 @@ , @)^! Year 13, Issue 32, Jully 6,
2004 |
hg;+rf/ / xfd|F] e"ldsf
gj/fh g]kfnL
jt{dfg o'u ;"rgf /
;+rf/sf] o'u xf] . ;"rgfk|jfx ljlwdf ePsf] o; k|sf/sf] ljsf;n]
b'lgof“nfO{ cToGt ;f“3'/f] kfl/lbPsf] 5 . s'g} klg b]zdf x'g] Pp6f ;fdfGo
ultljlwn] ljZj kl/l:yltnfO{ 3R3RofO/xg] of] l:yltdf xfd|f] b]zsf] jt{{dfg
36gfqmdx?n] ljZj l:yltdf klg /fd} k|efj kfl//x]sf] 5 . ;fd|fHojfbL gfOs]
hh{j';sf] 6fpsf] b'vfO{ o;sf] k|df0f xf] . clxn] ljZjdf h'g9+un] ;+rf/
k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 Tof] xfd|f] h:tf] u/Lj b]zsf hgtfx?sf] nflu kx'“r eGbf
lgSs} 6f9f 5 . hgtfn] hlt;Dd / h'g–h'g dfWoddf kx“'r /fVg ;S5g\ To;df klg
;fd|fHojfbL Psflwsf/ ePsfn] jf:tjd} cfhsf] of] o'udf klg g]kfnL hgtf ;xL
;"rgfaf6 alGrt ePsf 5g\ . oxf“ ;DdsL uf]7fnf] 5f]/f] h+undf dfl/G5, p
cft+ssf/L ePsf] ;'\Gg' k5{ . lbbL, alxgL lk+9Ld} anfTsf/ kl5 dfl/lG5g\,
pgLx? bf]xf]/f] le8Gtsf] gfddf dfl/Psf] ;'Gg' k5{ . ;Lldt b]zsf s]xL zx/x?
/ /fhwfgLsf dfG5]x?nfO{ dfq g]kfnL hgtf eGg' / pgLx?sf] cf“vf, sfgdf
;"rgfsf] ;fwgx?sf] kx'“r 5 eGg' d"v{tf l;jfo s]]xL xf]Og . hg;+rf/sf]
cy{ tyf e"ldsfM zAb/lxt ;Gb]znfO{ k7fpg ;lsG5 / k|fKt ug{sf nflu cfjZos
;a} tTj hf]l8Psf x'\G5g\ . dfgj ;+rf/nfO} a}1flgs Persing n] $ efudf af“8]sf 5g\ .
s=cGt/d'vL ;+rf/ v=cGt/
a}olQms ;+rf/ u=;d'x ;+rf/ 3=hg;+rf/
s'g} klg dflg;n] cfkm"leq} s]xL s'/f sNkgf u5{ / To;}
cg'';f/ rN5 eg] To;nfO{ cGt/d'vL ;+rf/ elgG5 . h:t} xfdL cufl8 al9/x“bf,
xfdL uO/x]s} af6f]af6} b'Zdg cfp“b5 eg] kl5
6Ss pleG5f}+ / stf hfg] < eg]/ cfTdlg0f{o u5f{}+ .
b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L AolQmx?aLr x'g] ;f]emf] ;Dks{nfO{
cGt/a}olQms ;+rf/ elgG5 . h:t} cfk;L 5nkmn, Psn] csf{nfO{ ug{] Ozf/f
cflb .
;'gfpg vf]lhPsf] s'/f jf eGg vf]lhPsf] s'/f !) hgf, #) hgf, !))
hgf jf ;f] eGbf a9L xHhf/f}+ AolQmsf]
aLrdff k'¥ofpg] dfWod æ;d"x ;+rf/Æ xf] . h:t} ;ef, uf]i7Ldf k|jrg
lbP/, 6]k/]s8{/ ;'gfP/ cflb .
zLif{stM xfdLn] oxf“
æhg;+rf/Æ ;DalGw 5nkmn rnfpg vf]h]sfn] ljifo tkm{ g} nfuf}+ .
cl;ldt, ljzfn dfgj;fu/sf nflu dfWodsf] ;xof]uåf/f s'g} klg
ljifoa:t', 36gf jf cGo ljifonfO{ ;"rgf jf ;Gb]zsf] ?kdf k|:t't ug{],
k|;f/0f ug{] dfWodnfO{ hg;+rf/ elgG5 . ;a} hgtfnfO{ ;'–;"lrt ug{]
Pp6} dfq clgjfo{ ;t{ æ;fwgÆ xf] . ;fwg ljgf of] ;+Dej 5}g . ;fwg
eGgfn] /]l8of], l6eL, l;g]df, kqklqsf cflb eGg] a'leG5 .
…;+rf/Ú
eGg] zAbsf] cuf8L k§L …hgÚ yk]/ …hg;+rf/Ú (Mass Commutionm) agfOPsf] 5 . …hgÚsf]
cy{ hgtf cyf{t w]/} eg]/ a'em\g] ul/G5 . …hgÚ eGg] zAbnfO{ sDo'lgi6x?sf]
k]jf xf] eg]/ a'‰g] a'h'{jfx?n] hg;+rf/ / cfd;+rf/nfO{ km/s–km/s b]Vg]
u5{g . hgtf cl;ldt x'G5g\ . …cfdÚsf] cy{ kg ToxL xf] . o;sf/0f w]/}
hgtf;Dd k'¥ofpg] ;+rf/nfO{ g} hg;+rf/ elgG5 .
hg;+rf/sf
sfdx?M g]kfnL hgo'4 /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/Lsf] cj:yfdf u'lh|/x]sf]
5 . :jefj}n] of] ;do cToGt} 6s/fjk"0f{ , hl6n tyf ;+j]bgzLn x'g]
ub{5 . xfdL ;+r/fsdL{x?sf] cj:yf klg Tof] eGbf km/s /xg ;Sb}g . xfdL
;+rf/sdL{x? / xfd|f dfWodx? 7'nf7'''nf r'gf}ltsf aLraf6 cufl8 al9/x]sf
5f}+ . a'h{'jf ;+rf/sdL{x? ;fd|fHojfb tyf ;fdGtjfbsf] v'ndv'Nnf u''nfdL
u/L pgLx?sf] ;]jfdf ;dlk{t 5g\ . pgLx? lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] b'?kof]u u/L
hgtfsf] zf]if0f ug{]x?nfO{ ;xof]u u5{g . s'g} klg ;dfrf/ pTkfbg ubf{
;dfrf/sf] ;Totf eGbf zf;ssf] /Iffdf Wofg k'¥ofp“5g\ / :jtGq kqsfl/tfsf] asaf;
u/L b'lgof“nfO{ pNn' agfp“5 . h:t} Pp6f ;dfrf/ x]/f+}–
ædfcf]jfbL cft+ssf/L / ;+o'Qm ;'/Iffkmf}h aLr
bf]xf]/f] le8Gt x'“bf @ dfcf]jfbLsf] d[To''' ePsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLx?af6
;'/Iff kmf}hn] @ yfg ;s]6 ad, ljleGg k|sf/sf lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ tyf dxTjk"0f{
b:tfj]h a/fdb u/]sf] 5 . oBkL :yflgo hgtfx?n] dfl/Psfx? dfcf]jfbL geO{
:yfgLo -========gfd=======_ ePsf] atfPsf] 5 . Æ >f]tM– sflGtk'/ Pkm=Pd=
-h]i7sf] t];|F] xKtf_
dflysf] ;dfrf/n] l;w} ;fdGtL ;Qfsf] / zfxL ;}lgs cft+ssf/Lx?sf]
bnfnL u/L hgtfdfly /fhg}lts ck/fw ul//x]sf 5g\ . p;sf] cf“vf km'6]sf] 5,
sndsf] 6'Kkf] aGb'sn] ef“r]sf] 5 . p;n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ …cft+ssf/LÚ eg]/
cfºgf] ;fdGtL /fhg}lts ljrf/ :ki6 kf/]sf] 5 . …;+o'Qm ;'/Iff kmf}hÚ eg]/
zfxL ;}lgs cft+ssf] ;]jf u5{ / …bf]xf]/f] le8GtÚ eg]/ au{ axfb'/L b]vfpg
vf]H5 . …======;fdfu|Lx? a/fdb======Ú eg]/ cfkm" rf]vfpg vf]h]sf]
kfOG5 . ;fob o;}nfO{ pgLx? æ:jtGqtfÆsf] asjf; u5{g .
xfn;fn} rrf{df cfPsf]
csf{] ;dfrf/ k9f}+ M–
æ=====dfcf]jfbLx?n]
hfh/sf]6 lhNnfsf] ======ufp“af6 lzIfs / ljBfyL{ u/L t]x| ;osf] ckx/0f u/]sf 5g
=====Æ
;dfrf/ xf:of:kb 5 . cl:t ev{/ zfxL ;]gf klZrd g]kfnsf]
ufp“–ufp“df k''u] eg]/ ;dfrf/ k|;f/0f ug{] ;+rf/sdL{n] Ps} k6s !# ;o lzIfs
ljBfyL{sf] af}l4s hdft s;/L ckx/0f ug{ ;S5 < ckx/0f eg]sf] s] xf] < !# ;o
dflg;x?nfO{ nfjf n:s/ nufP/ ckx/0f ug{ slt dfcf]jfbL rflxG5 < clg hDdf hDdL
$–% xhf/sf] ckxl/t / ckx/0fstf{x? s'g} c1ft :yndf k'mQ l5g{ ;S5g\ < af:tjdf
of] ckx/0fsf] 36gf g} xf]Og . of] hg;xefuLtf / ljb|f]xsf] tof/Lsf] nflu
cEof; lyof] . of] s'/f pgLx? ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 t}klg ckx/0f u/] eg]/ eGg n]Vg
afWo 5g\ .
hgtfsf] kIFaf6 ePsf, u/]sf, dxfg\ tyf P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf 36gf,
pknlAwx?sf] ckAofVof ug{', cf]em]ndf kfg{', hgtfnfO{ e|ldt kfg{] k|of; ug{' / cGt;Dd
k|of; ul//xg' a'h{'jf ;+rf/sdL{x?sf] wd{ /x+b} cfPsf] 5 . dflysf ;dfrf/ t
pbfx/0f dfq xf] . o:tf e|fds ;dfrf/x?n] hgtfnfO{ Ps xb;Dd e|ldt / cGof]ndf
kfl//x]sf] x'G5 . ;fy} dgf]jn klg 36\g ;S5 . To;}n] xfdLn] b'lgof“df
pknAw ;a} ;+rf/ dfWodx?sf] ax' k|of]u u/]/ of] au{o'4sf] 38Ldf hgtfsf] ;xL
;"rgfk|FKt ug{] clwsf/sf] Uof/]06L ug{'kg{] ePsf] 5 . o;sf nflu
xfdLn] xfd|f] Tofu, tk:of / jlnbfgLk"0f{ efjgfnfO{ cj bx|f] agfO{ ;8s, zx/
/ ;b/d'sfd tkm{ xfDkmfNg' kg{] 5 .
xfd|f sfd af/] yf]/} 5nkmn u/f}+M hg;+rf/sf] klxnf]
sfd ;"rgf xf] . /fli6«o, cGt/fli6«o 36gfx?, ltgsf sf/0fx?, To;n] kfg{
;Sg] ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds c;/x? cflbsf af/]df 36gf k|wfg / ljrf/ k|wfg
;fdfu|Lx?sf] Aofks k|rf/ ug{' kb{5 . ;fdflhs kl/l:ylt, kl/j6{gsf]
;+Defjgf, dflg;x?sf cGtlg{xLt rxfgf, k|ultjfbL ljrf/ / sfdsfjf{xLsf] /fd|f];+u
;dfrf/ agfpg' kb{5 . k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfsf] r/d ;+s6, p;af6 x'g;Sg] ;+Defljt
bdg, if8oGq, To;n] hgtfdf kfg{ ;Sg] c;/af/]df ljZifn]if0ffTds ljrf/x?,
k|lt/f]wsf pkfox?, h:tf ljrf/f]Q]hs n]v, /rgf / k|lt/f]wsf 36gfx?sf ;To tYo
ljj/0f, a'h{'jf ;+rf/sdL{x?åf/f k|rf/df NofOg] e|ldt ;dfrf/sf] v08g cflbaf/]
xfdLn] xfd|f] k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0fdf ljz]if Vofn k'¥ofpg' kb{5 . h:t} ev{/}
DofUbL sfjf{{xLnfO{ a'h{'jfx?n] c;kmn sfjf{xLsf] xNnf lkm+hfpg] k|of; u/] t/
xfdLn] hg;+rf/sf] dfWodaf6 ;xL ;'''''"rgf hgtf;Dd n}hfg ;Sof}+ . hgtfx? ljZj:t eP / xfd|f] hLtdf uj{ ug{
;s]+ .
csf{] s'/f xfdL gof“sf] lgdf{0fsf] nflu, k|ultsf] nflu, ljsf;sf]
nflu, o'4df nfdaGbL ePsf hgd"lQm ;]gf, kf6L{, df]rf{ tyf hgtfx?sf]
;+rf/sdL{ xf+}, xfdLn]] xfdL leq / aflx/sf gof“ a}1flgs cflj:sf/x? tyf k|ultsf]
ljj/0fnfO{ ljz]if ;'''rgf tyf ;dfrf/ agfpg' k5{ . xfd|F] kf6L{ / ;]gfn]
clxn] gof“–gof“ o'4 ;fdfu|L / k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ul//x]sf] 5 h:n] ;fdGtL ;Qfdf
Pslbg pgLx?s} efiffdf csNkgLo 36gf
36fOlbg ;S5 . ;a} 7fp“df gof“sf] lgdf{0fsf] nflu xf};nf k|bfg ug{ o:tf
;dfrf/nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg' kb+{5 . of]] g} hg;;+rf/sf] k|d''''v sfd
xf] .
hg;+rf/ / ;+rf/sdL{sf] sfd hgtfnfO{ lzlIft agfpg' klg xf] .
?9LjfbL, ;dfGtL ;+:s[ltsf] cGTo u/L gof“ hgjfbL ;+:s[ltsf] z"?jft / ljsf;,
:jf:Yo, ;/;kmfO{, /fhgLlts ljrf/, cfly{s ljsf;, lj1fg / k|ljlwdf ePsf gof“–gof“
k|of]u / pknAwL af/] hgtfnfO{ hfgsf/L lbO{ lzlIft agfpg' kb{5 . /fd|f /
pbfx/0fLo sfdsf] k|rf/ u/L ;xL dfu{df nfUg >[hgf ug{] sfddf ljz]if hf]8
lbg'kb+{5 . / Aofks k|rf/ k|;f/ klg ug{' kb{5 . h:t} ,
æSofDk;–SofDk;df ePsf …u0ftGq ls /fhtGq
<ÚeGg] h:tf hgdt ;+u|x, ;ef uf]i7L, cflb . o; afx]s wfdL,
emfqmL, nfdf, af]S;L, k|]t h:tf ;dfhsf ?9L k|ltlglwsf aLr k|lzIf0fd'ns k|rf/
;fdfu|L n}hfg' k5{ . / pgLx?nfO{ k|ultzLn af6f]tkm{ 8f]¥ofpg' k5{ .
/fi6«, /fli6«otf, k|hftGq cflbaf/] 5nkmn rnfpg' klg hg;+rf/sf] sfd xf] .
hgtfnfO{ syf, sljtf, gf6s, pkGof;, uLt, ;+uLt, cflbsf] dfWodaf6
dgf]/f]~hg klg k|bfg ug{' kb{5 . hgfb]zsf] ;flxlTos :tDe, /]l8of]sf]
ufp“3/sf s'/f tyf k|Zgf]Q/ sfo{qmdn] o;sf] e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf] 5 . h]
xf]; hg;+rf/sf] k|d'v sfd >dhLjL hgtfsf] enfO{ ug{' dfq xf] . xfdLn]
dfly pNn]lvt sfdx?nfO{ ;+rf/sf ljleGg dfWod / k|j[ltx?sf] k|of]uaf6 ug{
;S5f}+ . oL hg;+rf/ dfWodx? w]/} k|sf/sf 5g\ . oL af/] klg hfGg'
cfjZos 5 .
xfdL;+u d'b|0f dfWod 5, h;af6 xfdL ;dfrf/–kq, klqsf, k':ts,
cflbnfO{ k|sfzdf NofO{ ;+rf/ ug{ ;S5f}+ / ul//x]sf 5f+} . o;af6 36gfsf]
hfgsf/L ljrf/, ;flxTo cflb hgtfnfO{ lbg ;S5f}+ . h:t} hgfb]z klqsf, kf6L{
k|sfzgsf ;fdfu|Lx? cflb .
xfdL;+u >j0f ;+rf/ dfWod klg 5, o; cGtu{t /]l8of] ;fdfu|Lx?
kb{5g\ . a'h'{jfx?sf] dfWodaf6 k|;f/0f ul/g] sof+} 36gfx?n] gs/fTds ?kd}
eP klg xfd|f] k|rf/ ul//x]sf 5g\ . xfd|f] kf6L{n] clxn] /]l8of] k|;f/0fsf]
k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/Lsf] cfwf/ xf] . o; afx]s lel8of], 6]k/]s8{/, cflb o; cGtu{t
kb{5g\ . cfh ef]ln sDKo'6/ Pj+ e"–pku|x k|0ffnLdf klg xfd|F] kx'+r
a9\b} u}Psf] 5 . hlt hlt a'h{'jfx? ;+rf/ cft+s km}nfpg5g\, plt plt
qmflGtsf/Lx?n] k|lt/f]w ub}{ hfg' kb{5 . cfGtl/s kmf]g ºofS; klg xfd|f]
;+rf/ dfWod x'g\ .
g]kfndf clxn] b}lgs ?kdf $) eGbf a9L, ;fKtflxs ?kdf !^) eGbf a9L,
kflIfs ?kdf !% eGbf a9L kqklqsfx? k|sflzt x'g] ub{5g\ . /]l8of], l6=le=df
klg Tolts} ljsf; ePsf] 5 . t/ klg >dhLjL hgtfx? ;xL ;"rgfhfg
;s]sf] 5}g . lsgeg] ;a} ldl8ofx? juL{o
5g\ . clwsf+z dfWodx?df ;fd|fHojfbL x:tIf]k / Psflwsf/ sfod
5 . sf]xL ;Qfsf] u'nfdL u5{g, s;}sf] Wofg gfkmfdf s]lGb|t 5 . en}
hgklIfo kqklqsfaf6 yf]/} eP klg hgtfx? ;Gt'i6 5g\ . clxn] u0ftGq /]l8of]
(%=! d]ufxh{df aHg] ;+uLtsf w'gx?n] hgtfsf] dg lht]sf] 5 . cj hgtfx? rfxG5g\
7'nf–7'nf df]rf{x?sf] lel8of] /]s8{ x]g{ kfOof];\ . df]rf{x? n8\bfsf]
u8\u8fxt cfjfh ;'Gg kfOof];\ . Tof] kmdf{O; cg';f/sf] ;]jf ug{] lhDa]jf/L
g} xfd|f] r'gf}tL xf] . cfhsn (%=! d]ufxh{ gaHg] /]l8of] lvof kb{} hfg
yfn]sf] 5 .
xfd|f] hf]8 xfO6]s ;+rf/ dfWod eP klg nf]6]sdf klg plQs} Wofg
hfg' clgjfo{ 5 . xfdL krf{, kf]i6/, leQ] n]vg, ;ef–uf]i7L, t'n, Aofg/Lª
cflbaf6 klg ;+rf/ ug{ ;S5f+} . ;+u7g g} xfd|f] alnof] ;+rf/ xf] .
xfdL ;+rf/sdL{, ;+u7gstf{ klg xf+} . ;ohgf hgtfnfO{ ;+ul7t ug{ ;Sof}+ eg]
Ps ldg]6df d} ;of}+ krf{x? tof x'g] x'G5 . of] xfd|F] dfWod xf] . ca
t hgtfx? ;fdfrf/ / ;'rgfsf] ;Totf dfly 5fgljg ug{ ;Sg] eO;s]sf 5g\ of] xfd|f]
;kmntf xf] . xfd|F] ;+rf/ ;kmntfn] xfdL cln 3d08L aGg ;Sg] ;+efjgf klg
plQs} 5 . t;y{ xfdL uf]ojN; z}nLaf6 cln hf]lug' k5{ . hgtfx? ca ;+rf/
dfWod ;+rf/ dfWodsf k|j[lt / ju{ 5'6\ofpg ;Sg] /fhg}lts zlQm ;Gt'ngs} cfwf/df
kqsfl/tf tyf ;+rf/ dfWodx?df lgDg k|j[lQx? b]lvG5 M–
s=zfxL bnfnL k|j[l|Q,
v=oyfl:yltafbL k|j[lQ, u=qmflGtsf/L k|j[lQ
zfxL bnfnL k|j[lQM of]
k|j[lQ kZrufdL lrGtgn] u|:t k|j[lQ xf] . o;n] zfxL ;/sf/ lgolGqt ;+rf/
dfWodåf/f zfxL :jfy{ /Iffsf] Psxf]/f] avfg u5{ . o;n] zfxL ;/sf/, zfxL
cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] d'Vofno, tyf ;}lgs SofDksf] hfgsf/L eGbf aflx/sf] ;"rgf
;Dk|]if0f ug{ ;Sb}g . zfxL ;]gfsf] efiff / zfxL kqsf/sf] efiffdf vf;} km/s
kfOb}g . o;sf] k|d'v dfWod /]l8of] g]kfn, g]kfn 6]lnlehg, uf]/vfkq
OToflb .
oyfl:yltafbL k|j[lQM of]
k|j[lQ k|ult lj/f]wL k|j[lQ xf] . k|ltufdLsf] lj/f]wL eGg ?rfP/ qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] ;Qf] ;/fk ug{ rxfG5g\ .
36gfsf] ljj/0f cfºgf] >f]tn] lbPsf] hfgsf/L < eGb} tYonfO{ a6fg{
yfN5 . h:t} cufl8 g} Pp6f ;dfrf/ x]/f}+ . of]] Pdfn] sf“u|];sf]
cj;jfbL ljrf/af6 k|efljt 5 . en} s]xL ;+rf/sdL{x? / dfWodx?n] ;/sf/af6
h]]n g]n, lx/f;t, oftgf tyf dfWod dflysf] ;]G;/l;k vKg kl//x]sf] 5 .
logLx?nfO{ yf]/} eP klg ;xfg'e'lt lbg' k5{ .
qmflGtsf/L k|j[lQ
qmflGtsf/L k|j[lQ eGgfn] k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;Qfsf]
lj?4df ul/g] kqsfl/tf jf ;+rf/ xf] . b]znfO{ afx\o zlQmsf] cfqmd0faf6
hf]ufpg] o;sf] p2]Zo x'G5 . o;n] ju{;+3if{df efu lnG5 . cfºgf] >f]tf jf
kf7snfO{ k|f0feGbf Kof/f] 7fG5 / ;xL ;"rgf k|fKt ug{ vf]]H5, cfjZos k/]
alnbfg lbg klg kl5 kb{}g . qmflGtsf/L k|j[lQ ePsf ;+rf/sdL{x?sf] nflu
h]ng]n t ;fdfGo s'/f x'g cfp“5 . xfd|f cfb/0fLo kqsf/ tyf ;flxTosf/
s=s[i0f ;]g …OR5'sÚ xfd|f] P]ltxfl;s pbfx/0f / cfbz{ x'g .