|
jif{ !# c+s ##,
ciff9 @( , @)^! Year 13, Issue 33, Jully 13,
2004 |
ljrf/ hut
hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf ;d:ofaf/] s]xL s'/f
gf/fo0f zdf{
e"ldsf—
…;fd|fHojfb / pTkLl8t /fi6«aLrsf] k|wfg cGt/{fli6«o
cGt/lj/f]wÚ ePsf] cfhsf] …;fd|fHojfb / ;j{xf/f qmfflGtsf] o'uÚ df hftLo
d'lQmsf] k|Zgn] 7"nf] dxTj /fVb5 . oBlk hftLo k|Zg klxn] ;fdGtL o'udf
;fdGtL pTkL8gsf] kl/df0f lyof], tyflk kl5 ;fd|fHojfbsf] o'udf cfP/ of] ;fdGtL—;fd|fHojfbL ;+o'Qm pTkL8gsf]
kl/df0f x'g cfPsf] 5 . o;/L x]bf{ d"ntM hftLo d'lQmsf] k|Zg juL{o d'lQmsf]
k|Zgs} s]xL leGg / hf/L ?k xf] . cyf{t\ hftLo k|Zg juL{o k|Zg;“u ;DalGwt Ps
o:tf] k|Zg xf] hf] Hofb} ;+j]bgzLn ;d]t x'G5 . cfh ljZjsf s'g} klg lk5l8Psf /
cNk;+Vos hflt—hghflt / blnt hfltx¿dfly Psflt/ juL{o -cfly{s_ zf]if0f—pTkL8g t
5“b}5, To;dfly yk pgLx¿dfly /fHo;Qf / To;sf ;+rfnsx¿af6 efiffut, wd{ut /
;+:s[ltut zf]if0f—pTkL8g ;d]t 5 . o;/L cfh hghfltx¿dfly :k:i6tM bf]xf]/f]
zf]if0f—pTkL8gsf] df/ 5 . k|yd— ;Qf;Lg ju{af6 juL{o pTkL8gsf] df/, låtLo slyt
pRr / ljsl;t hfltaf6 hftLo zf]if0f—pTkL8gsf] df/ . oxL+ bf]xf]/f]
zf]if0f—bdgsf] hf“tf]df lkl;Psfn] g} cfh ;+;f/sf k|foM ;a} pTkLl8t hflt—
hghflt, wd{, ;+:s[ltsf hg;d'bfox¿ cfGbf]lnt 5g\ / ;z:q ;+3if{df xf]ldPsf 5g\ .
t/ k|Zg p7\5—olt eP/ klg lsg k|foM st} klg s'g} klg hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngn]
k"0f{ ;kmntf kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g < k|Zg lgs} u+eL/ / dxTjk"0f{ 5 .
tyflk k|Zg c;dfw]o / uf]nrSs/k"0f{ rflx+ lsdfy{ 5}g <lsgeg] z'?df
plNnlvt b'O{ jfSof+z …;fd|fHojfb / pTkLl8t /fi6«aLrsf] k|wfg cGt/{fli6«o
cGt/lj/f]wÚ / …;fd|fHojfb / ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] o'uÚ sf] /fd|f];“u ljZn]if0f /
;+Zn]if0f ug]{ xf] eg] hftLo d'lQmsf] s8L oxL+ kfOG5 . s=dfcf] / s=n]lggsf
pk/f]Qm egfOx¿sf] lgisif{ of] xf] ls cfhsf] ;fd|fHojfbL o'udf ljZjsf ;a} vfn]
zf]lift—kLl8t hg;d'bfosf] d'Vo b'Zdg ;fd|fHojfb g} xf] / To;sf] 6Ss/ lng ;Sg]
d'Vo k|ltåGåL zlQm ;j{xf/fju{ xf], hf] ;a} b]z,/fi6«, hflt,efiff, wd{,
lnu+,j0f{ / ;+:s[ltsf hg;d'bfodf clgjfo{?kn] ljBdfg /x]sf] x'G5 . h;/L
;fd|fHojfb ljZjdf hx“fsxL pkl:yt 5 / ;a}lt/ cfºgf /Qmlkkf;' bfx|f—g¨|fx¿
b]vfO/x]sf] 5 , 7Ls To;}u/L ;j{xf/f ju{ klg cfh ljZjdf hx“fsxL pkl:yt 5 /
htf;'s}af6 ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 cfºgf] ;zQm k|lt/f]w ul//x]sf] 5 . of] ju{ g}
Oltxf;sf] clGtd / zlQmzfnL ju{ klg xf] . ;fy} of] ju{ g} ;a}eGbf pGgt /
qmflGtsf/L r]tgf / b[li6sf]0fn] ;';+d[4 5 . To;}n] cGo ;a} pTkLl8t hflt,efiff,
wd{, ln+u,j0f{ If]q / ;+:s[ltsf zf]lift— kLl8t hg;d'bfon] oxL ;j{xf/fju{nfO{
ldof] agfpg' kb{5 . cyf{t\ o;sf] g]t[TjnfO{ :jLsf/]/ ;fd|fHojfb, hf] ;a} vfn]
zf]ifs—pTkL8sx¿sf] ldof], g]t[Tj xf], sf lj?4 ;+o'Qm, ;zQm / ;z:q o'4 clGtd
ljho gx“'bf;Dd ;emf}tfxLg 9+un] ;+rfng ug'{ kb{5 . t/ o;;+aGwL a'emfO /
Jojxf/df nfu" u/fOdf /x]sf s]xL sdL—sdhf]/Lx¿n] ubf{ g hftLo d'lQm
cfGbf]ngn] g} ;kmntf k|fKt u/]sf] 5 , g t juL{o d'lQm cfgbf]ngn] . t;y{ tL sdL—sdhf]/Lx¿af/]
rrf{ ug'{ jf+5gLo ePsf] 5 , hf] o;k|sf/ 5g\M—
d'Vo
sdL—sdhf]/L / ;d:ofx¿ M—
!= ;j{xf/f cfGbf]ng cyf{t\ juL{o d'lQm
cfGbf]ngnfO{ k|wfg / lg0ff{os cfGbf]ngsf] ?kdf cfTd;ft\ ug{ g;Sg] jf juL{o
d'lQm cfGbf]ng;“u hftLod'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ uf“:g g} grfxg] cyjf oL b'a} cfGbf]ng
Ps csf{sf k"/s x'g\ eGg] g7fGg] lrGtg—k|j[lQ / b[li6sf]0f Pp6f d'Vo ;d:of
/x]sf] 5 . of] lrGtg—k|j[lQn] juL{o d'lQmkl5 jf juL{o d'lQm leq hftLo d'lQm
k|fKt x'G5 eGg] s'/f ;f]+Rg} ;Qm}g . o;k|sf/sf] b[li6sf]0fn] ;j{xf/fju{ ;aeGbf
zf]lift , t/ ;aeGbf qmflGtsf/L / zlQmzfnL ju{ xf] eGg] s'/f ;d]t :jLsfb}{g .
;fy}, ;j{xf/fju{sf] ljZjb[li6sf]0f, hf] j}1flgs, Jofks / ck/fho 5, nfO{ ;d]t a'em\g ;Qm}g . kmn:j?k o;n]
cfkm"dfly zf]if0f—pTkL8g ug]{ s'g} lglZrt b]z / To;sf] zf;s hflt tyf zf;g
;QfnfO{ dfq b'Zdg b]Vg] / To;sf lj?4sf] ;+3if{df dfq hf]8 lbg] ub{5 . o;n]
ljZjdf ;fd|fHojfbsf] hGd ePkl5 cfh x/
b]zsf ;Qf, zf;s ju{ / hflt;“u ;fd|fHojfbsf] u7jGwg ePsf] / ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4sf]
;+3if{df ;a}vfn] zf]lift—pTkLl8t hflt,efiff, wd{, ln+u,j0f{ If]q / ;+:s[ltsf
hg;d'bfosf] ;'b[9 Pstf clgjfo{ x'G5 eGg] s'/f klg cfTd;ft ug{ ;Qm}g . o;n] ubf{
g hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ng ;kmn x'G5 , g t juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ng g} . t;y{ o;vfn]
sdL—sdhf]/L ;Rrfpg' lgQfGt h?/L 5 .
@=hftLo cfGbf]ngnfO{ juL{o cfGbf]ng;“u uf“:g] gfddf
hftLo cfGbf]ngdf lbg' kg]{ hlt dxTj glbO{ o;nfO{ sd c“fSg] jf pk]Iff ug]{
;+sL0f{ k|j[lQ klg hftLo / juL{o cfGbf]ngsf] nflu 3fts 5 . juL{o cGbf]ngnfO{
k|wfg dfGg] / o;sf] dftxtdf hftLo cfGbf]ngnfO{ /fVg] b[li6sf]0f d"ntM ;xL
x'“bfx'“b} klg o;sf] sfof{Gjog ubf{ hftLo cfGbf]ngsf] cf}lrTo , cfjZostf, dxTj
/ e"ldsfnfO{ cToGt Go"gLs/0f ug]{ of] b[li6sf]0f cGttM jfd lj;h{gjfbL
b[li6sf]0f xf], hf] cfTd3ftL x'G5 . To;}n] l;4fGttM hftLo cfGbf]ng / juL{o
cfGbf]ngsf] ;DjGw cGjGofl>t / åGåfTds x'G5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/]klg
Jojxf/tM hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf lbg' kg]{ plrt / cfjZos hf]8 lbg g;Sg] sdhf]/L 5, h;af6 d'Qm x'g cfjZos 5
. cyf{t hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ oyf]lrt dxTj glbg] xf] eg] g hftLo d'lQm g}
;+ej 5, g t juL{o d'lQm g} . t;y{ o;df x'g hfg] of] jf csf]{ clt cyf{t\ hftLo
cfGbf]ngnfO{ uf}0f ;+embf Go"gLs/0f ug]{, Psy/L cltjfbL ljrf/ / juL{o
cfGbf]ng;“u uf“:g] ubf{ hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ g} k|wfg 7fGg] jf
clwd"Nog ug]{ csf]{y/L cltjfbL ljrf/ b'a}k|lt ;ts{ eO{ k|wfg kIfdf k|wfg
hf]8 / uf}0f kIfdf uf}0f hf]8 -Wofg_ t/ cfjZos dxTj lbg] s'/fdf juL{o / hftLo
b'a}y/L cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿ ;r]t /x'g'kb{5 .
# ;j{xf/fju{sf] g]t[TjnfO{ cfTd;ft ug]{ ;DaGwL sdhf]/L klg o; ;+aGwdf csf]{ Pp6f pNn]vgLo sdhf]/L xf] . hftLo d'lQm rfxg]x¿n] ;j{xf/fju{nfO{
g]tf gdfGg] jf ;j{xf/fju{sf] g]t[Tj cGtu{t hftLo ;+3—;+u7g / cfGbf]ngnfO{
/fv]df cfkm"nfO{ wf]sf x'g] lrGtg
klg cfGbf]ngleq 5 . o:t,} ;j{xf/fju{n] klg cfkm"nfO{ ;j{xf/fju{sf] dfq
g]tf ;+emg] t/ hftLo jf ln+uLo, If]qLo h:tf ljleGg pTkLl8t hg;d'bfosf] g]t[Tj
ug]{ cleef/f cfkm"dfly Oltxf;n]
;'Dk]sf] s'/f a'em\g g;Sg] sdhf]/L klg
b]vf kb{5 . csf]{ zAbdf eGg'kbf{ dfS;{jfb—n]lgjfb—dfcf]jfb / g]kfnsf ;Gbe{df
k|r08kynfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug{ cyf{t o;sf] ;fj{ef}d ;RrfO, o;sf] ch]o zlQm / o;sf]
s|flGtsf/L ;f/tTjnfO{ a'em\g g;Sg]
sdhf]/L klg hftLo jf juL{o d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf kfOG5 . dxfg\ g]tf n]lggn] eGg' eP em} …hftLo k|ZgnfO{ xd];f ju{;+3{ifsf] lxtsf] cwLgfd /fVg'k5{ / hflto cfGbf]ng / juL{o cfGbf]ngnfO{ ºo"hg ug'{ k5{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ bxf];+u cfTd;ft\
gugf{n] g} o;k|sf/sf] sdhf]/L
x'g] ub{5 . t;y{ o;af/] hftLo / juL{o
b'j} cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿ ;hu /xg'
jt{dfgsf] d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] cleef/f xf]
.
$ pTkLl8t
hghfltx¿sf] d'lQm / k|ultsf] cfGbf]ngsf] s'/f u/] klg jf:tjdf s]xL ;Lldt cf+lzs dfu / gf/fsf
cfwf/df ;Qfdf k'Ug] kbnf]n"k /
;'wf/jfbL k|j[lQ klg hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] csf]{ ;d:of xf] . o;k|sf/sf] lrGtgn] ;Qf s'g} vf; ju{sf] x'G5 cyf{t
;Qfsf] lglZrt ju{rl/qn] g} hfltx¿sf]
d'lQm / k|ultsf] lgwfl/{t ub{5 eGg]
s'/f a'e\mg ;Qm}g . o;n] ubf{ k|ltlqmofjfbL , ;fdGtL jf ;fd|fHojfbL
;Qfsf s]xL kbx¿df pTkLl8t hftLsf s]xL JolQmx¿
k'Ub}df hftLo d'lQm e}xfN5, jf s]xL dfux¿ k"/f x'b}df hftLo d'lQmsf] af6f] v'lnxfN5 eGg] e|d kfn]/ a:b5 . o;n] …;dfhjfb—;fDojfbdf dfq
k"0f{ d'lQm ;+ej 5 Ú / …/fHo;Qf afx]s
;a}s'/f e|d xf] Ú eGg]
dxfg\ dfn]dfjfbL dfGotfsf] cy{ / dxTj a'emg\
;Qm}g . kmn:j¿k lemgf—dl;gf
;'wf/ / k|flK df ;Lldt x'g k'Ub5 / hflto
d'lQm cfGbf]ng sdhf]/ x'G5 .
t;y{ o; k|sf/sf] k|j[lQaf6 hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ arfO{ ;dfhjfb—
;fDojfbk|ltsf] lbzfdf 8f]/fpg' kb{5 .
% s'g} JolQm , g]tf jf ;+u7g cfkm\g} hfltsf]
ePdf , oBlk pm zf]ifs —zfifs g} lsg
g xf];\, ldq 7fGg] t/ csf]{ hfltsf] ePdf, oBlk pm zf]lift —zfl;t g} eP
klg , b'Zdg 7fGg] cyf{t ldq g7fGg] lgjuL{otfjfbL hfltjfb klg hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] Ps csf]{ 7"nf] ;d:of xf] . of] o:tf] cGwhfltjfbL ;d:of xf]
h;n] s'g} JolQm , g]tf , ;+u7g jf cfGbf]ngsf] e"ldsf s]
/x]sf]5 eg]/ p;sf] lrGgtg, b[li6sf]0f / sfd—Jojxf/sf cfwf/df d"Nof+sg ug]{
eGbf klg p;sf] lrGtg b[li6sf]0f p;sf]
hflt ljz]ifsf cfwf/df d"Nof+sg ub{5 . o;n] ubf{ y'k|} ldq ju{ , hflt / ;d'bfox¿nfO{ b'Zdg agfpg k'Ub5 eg] b'Zdgju{nfO{ ldq 7fGg]
u/]/ hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ b'Zdgx¿sf] kf]N6fdf k'¥ofP/
hfg—cGhfg ?kdf t'xfpg k'Ub5 .
t;y{ o;k|lt a9Lg} rgfvf] x'g kg]{ x'G5 cGoyf o;k|sf/sf] k|j[lQn] ;f+k|bflostf a9\g] , ;f+k|bflos ;b\efj ljyf]lng]
, cfGbf]ngn] ;f+k|bflos lx;f+sf]
?k lng] / cGttM ;+fk|bflostfsf] cfwf/df
ldqju{x¿df klg ljefhg / 3ft
—k|lt3ft eO{ hftLo jf juL{o b'j}
cfGbf]ngnfO{ cgk]lIft Iflt k'Ub5 . s'g} hftLo cfGbf]ngn] r/d
;f+k|bflos s§/ / cg'bf/ ?k lnO{
hg;d'bfo aLrdf lx+;fTds ?k lnbf+ klg hflt
jf ;+k|bfosf gfddf ;dy{g jf
lj/f]w ug]{ of] ;f+k|bflostfjfb Hofb}
vt/gfs x'G5 . t;y{ o;k|lt ;dod} ;r]t /xg' h?/L 5 .
^ cfTd lg0f{osf] clwsf/ sf] dd{nfO{ af]w ug]{ ;+aGwL b'O{y/L cltjfbL ;f]r
klg hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] Ps csf]{ u+eL/ ;d:of xf] .
hfltx¿sf] cfTd lg0f{osf] clwsf/sf]
cy{ lg;Gb]x cnu x'g] clwsf/ -Right
to Seperation_ xf] . o;nfO{ cem :ki6 ub}{ n]lggn]
s'g} ljjflxt >Ldltaf6 cnu
x'g] -5f]8kq ug{_ clwsf/
klg eGg' ePsf] 5 . t/ o;sf] cy{
sltkon] cfTd lg0f{osf] clwsf/ kfpg} kg]{
dfq xf]Og , cnu /fHo agfpg} kg]{
h:tf] Psf+uL cNufjjfbL / cGtt M hfltjfbL ljrf/df c8\8L lnG5g\ eg]
cGo sltkon] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ lbg}
gx'g] jf lng} gx'g] / syd\ sbflrt lbPdf jf lnPdf s'g} klg xfntdf cnu /fHo
lgd{f0f ug}{ gx'g] c8\8L lnG5g\
. oxf“g]/ 5'6} /fHo agfpg]
s'/f d'VotM zf]if0f —pTkL8g / ckdfg;+u
;+alGwt 5 / /xg' k5{ . olb ;+u} a:bf pTkL8g x'G5 eg] 5'l§g]
t/ pTkL8g x'b}g ;dfgtf ,:jtGqtf
, Gofo / ;Ddfg ldN5 eg] ;+u} a:g] g}
a9L j}1flgs / s|flGtsf/L ljrf/ xf] .
t;y{ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ lbg jf lngdf
lxlRsrfpg] s'/f ljNs'n unt xf] , h;/L zf]if0f —pTkL8Lg ug'{ unt
xf] . h;/L >Ldlt nfO{ >Ldfgaf6 5'l§g] clwsf/ lbbf klg obL >Ldltdfly >Ldfgaf6 pTkL8g
gePdf >Ldlt 5'l§g} rfx“b}gg\ / >Ldfg af6 pTkL8g ePdf kf/kfr's]sf]
clwsf/ geP klg ljb|f]x
u5{g\ / cnu x'G5g\,
7Ls To;/L
g} hfltx¿ klg zf]if0f—pTkL8g
ePdf cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ xf];\
jf gxf];\ , 5'l§g kfOof];\ jf gkfOof];\ ljb|f]x u/]/} ePklg 5'l§5g\ t/
obL s]Gb|Lo zf;g Joj:yfaf6 hfltx¿dfly zf]if0f—bdg 5}g eg]
5'l§g] clwsf/ dfq xf]Og
cf1f—cfb]z hf/L ePklg 5'l§b}gg\ / 5'l§g' klg x'“b}g . lsgls, clwsf/ ldNof] eGb}df To;sf] b'?kof]u eof] eg] To;n]
…e:df;'/sf] syfÚ bf]xf]/f]p“5 eGg] s'/f klg a'e\mg' kb{5 .
&=
cfhsf] o'usf] ljz]iftf— ;fd|fHojfbsf] ljZjJofkL rl/qnfO{ a'em\g] /
To;sf] s'g} b]zsf k|ltlqmofjfbL zf;s ju{;“usf] ;f+7uf7nfO{ lrGg] / To;n] k|ToIf
jf ck|ToIf, tTsfn jf eljiodf s'g} klg cfGbf]ngdfly x:tIf]k ug]{ if8\oGqnfO{
klxrfg ug]{ dfldnfdf hftLo jf juL{o b'j} cfGbf]ngdf s]xL sdLx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .
vf;u/L juL{o jf hftLo÷/fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ng ;+rfng ubf{ cfGtl/s b'Zdg 3/]n'
k|ltlqmofjfbL zf;sju{ / afx\o b'Zdg ljb]zL ;fd|fHojfbL zf;s ju{dWo] vf;
kl/l:yltdf s'g} Pp6fnfO{ dfq b'Zdg b]Vg] / To;sf lj?4 ;+3if{ ubf{ s'g}
csf]{nfO{ ldq 7fGg] / ;xof]u ;d]t lng]
k|j[lQ w]/} vt/gfs k|j[lQ xf] . cyjf, ldq 7fg]/ ;xof]u lng] gu/] klg csf]{
b'Zdg uf}0f xf] eGg] gfddf To;k|lt cjZostf eGbf a9L g/d x'g] / To;sf lj?4sf]
hgr]tgf / hg;+3if{sf] wf/nfO{ e'Q] kfg]{ / cGttM To;sf] if8\oGq / x:tIf]ksf]
lzsf/ aGg] vt/f k|an x'G5 . t;y{ o;af/] If0f—If0fd} ;ts{tf ckgfpg' cTofjZos
x'G5 cyf{t\ ;fd|fHojfbn] k|ToIf x:tIf]k gu/]sf] cj:yfdf b]zLo k|ltlqmofjfbsf]
lj?4sf] ;+3if{nfO{ k|wfg dfg]/ hf]8 lbg' kb{5 eg] j}b]lzs k|ltlqmofjfb /
;fd|fHojfb—lj:tf/jfbsf] lj?4sf] ;+3if{nfO{ uf}0f 7fg] klg Wofg lbOg} /xg' kb{5
/ cfjZos lj/f]w—e08fkmf]/ hf/L /fVg' kb{5 . ;fy}, kl/l:yltdf km]/abn x'g ;Sg]
cyjf b'a} ldn]/ ;+o'Qm ?kdf cfPdf b'a} k|wfg x'g ;Sg] l:ylt k|lt ;r]t eOg} /xg'
kb{5 . cGoyf xfd|f] cfGbf]ng Ps jf csf]{, 3/]n' jf j}b]lzs k|ltlqmofjfbsf]
xftsf] ck|ToIf v]n}gf aGg hfg] vt/f /xG5 .
*= k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;Qfdfly Ps};fy r}tkmL{,
;+o'Qm, ;zQm / ;z:q k|xf/ ug]{ s'/fdf ;fdfGotof ;a}vfn] d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf /
ljz]iftM hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf sdL /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;j{xf/f juL{o cfGbf]ng
;a}vfn] cfGbf]ng - hftLo, If]qLo,
ln+uLo, ;f+:s[lts cflb_ sf] u'? ePsf]n] o;n] ;a} cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;dfof]hg ug'{
clgjfo{ x'G5 tyflk o;lbzfdf klg sdLsdhf]/Lx¿ /x]sf 5g\ eg] hftLo jf cGo
cfGbf]ngx¿df of] sdL—sdhf]/L x'g' :jfefljs} xf] . km]l/ klg hftLo d'lQm
cfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntfsf] nflu cGo pTkLl8t hg;d'bfo If]qLo, ln+uLo, wfld{s /
;f+:s[lts cflb d'lQm cfGbf]ngx¿;“u ;xsfo{, ;+o'Qm df]rf{ h] ug{ ;lsG5 u/]/
k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qffdfly rf}tkmL{ cfs|d0f ug'{ kb{5 . o;/L b]zsf ;a} tx / tKsfsf
hg;d'bfosf] tyf cGt/{fli6«o efOrf/f ;+3;+:yf / Gofok|dL hg;d'bfosf] PsLs[t
k|xf/åf/f dfq k|ltlqmofjfbLdfly ljho
k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 / cfhsf] o'udf qmflGt /
d'lQm ;+ej 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;a} vfn] hg;d'bfo / d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿n] a'em\g'
kb{5 . ;fd|fHojfbL o'udf Total war -;du|o'4_sf] cy{ /fhg}lts, cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts / kmf}hL
o'4dfq geP/ /fli6«o— cGt/{fli6«o tyf juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, ln+uLo cflb ;a}
If]qaf6 ul/g] o'4 ePsfn] o;cg';f/ ug{ lgk"0f{ x'g' kb{5 . cGoyf cfGbf]ng
qmldstfjfb (
Gradualism) / ;'wf/jfb (Reformism) df km:g] eo /xG5 . kmn:j?k
;':t—;':t s]xL 5'b| / lemgf—dl;gf ;'wf/sf sfdx¿ eP klg k"0f{ d'lQm x'b}g .
(= wfld{s sx/tf, hftLo cx+, ?l9jfb, cGwljZjf;,
s';+:sf/, cj}1flgs ;+:s[lt h:tf k/+k/fut ;f]r / cfrf/—ljrf/af6 dfly p7\g g;Sg]
u+eL/ k|sf/sf] ;+f:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] ;d:of klg xfd|f] cfGbf]ngsf] csf]{ Pp6f
pNn]vgLo ;d:of xf] . jf:tjdf hftLo d'lQm eGgfn] hftLo jf wfld{s—;f+:s[lts
ljs[lt—lj;+ultaf6 d'Qm x'g' klg xf] . /fhgLlts ?kdf d'Qm eP klg olb j}rfl/s jf
;f+:s[lts ?kdf pGgt x'g g;s]df jf v/fa / unt ;+:s[lt / larf/af6 d'Qm x'g ;lsPg
eg] k'gM k|ltqmflGt x'G5 cyf{t\ d'lQm
k'gM bf;Tjdf km]l/g] vt/f /xG5 . t;y{ hfltut ljz]iftf / ;+:s[ltsf ?kdf k|fKt
hltklg cj}1flgs / ktgzLn rfnrng, /Llt—l/jfh / rf8kj{x¿ 5g\, ltgnfO{ TofUg] jf
km]g]{ lbzfdf klg hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿ ;r]t / ;s[o /xg' kb{5 .
!)= a|fx\d0f / a|fx\d0fjfb tyf hflt÷hghflt /
hfltjfb÷hghfltjfbnfO{ ;dfg cy{df a'em\g] cGwhfltjfb jf c1]ojfb klg hftLo d'lQm
cfGbf]ngsf] csf]{ ;d:of xf] . a|fx\d0f, hflt jf hghflt Oltxf;sf] s'g} sfnv08df
>dljefhg k|0ffnL, ju{ ljeflht ;dfh / /fHo ;Qf;+usf] ;+aGwsf] aLraf6 pTkGg ljleGg ;d"xdf
ljeflht dfgj ;d'bfosf ljlzi6 gfdx¿ x'g\
. cfh s'g} JolQm jf g]tf s'g} hft÷hfltljz]ifdf hGdb}df Tof] ToxL hft÷hflt
ljz]ifsf] k|ltgLlw xf] eGg' eGbf klg p;n] ;f] hft÷hfltsf lglDt u/]sf] sfdsfh /
af]s]sf] ljrf/sf] cfwf/df eGg' kg]{ x'G5
. o;/L x]bf{ s'g} a|fx\d0f hftdf hGd]sf] dflg; a|fx\d0fjfbL gx'g ;S5 /
s'g} hghflt jf blnt hfltdf hGd]sf] dflg; a|fx\d0fjfbL x'g ;S5 . h] xf];\,
a|fx\d0fjfb jf hghfltjfb cfºgf hfltljz]ifnfO{ s]Gb| agfP/ ltgsf] lxt ug]{ ljrf/
x'g\ . To;}n] a|fx\d0f / a|fx\d0fjfbnfO{ tyf hflt÷hghflt÷blnthfltnfO{
hfltjfb÷hghfltjfb÷ blnthfltjfbnfO{ Pp6} cy{df a'em\g' hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf
/x]sf] csf]{ Pp6f sdhf]/L xf] . olb s'g} JolQm h'g;'s} hft÷hfltdf hlGdPsf]
ePklg cfºg} hfltsf] dfq geP/ ;Dk"0f{ pTkLl8t hflt, ju{ / dfhj ;d'bfos}
d'lQm / k|ultsf] lglDt ;+3if{/t 5 eg] To;nfO{ hfltjfbsf] cf/f]k nufpg' eo+s/
lj8Dagf x'G5 .
lgisif{M oL / o:tf cGo sof}+ sdL—sdhf]/L /
;d:ofx¿ hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf /x]sf 5g\ . o:tf sdhf]/Lx¿ hftLo dfq xf]Ogg\,
ln+uLo , If]qLo, ;f+:s[lts / wfld{s cfGbf]ngsf ;fy} d"ntM juL{o d'lQm
cfGbf]ngdf klg k|;:t} 5g\ . jf:tjdf hx“f
sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ng ;zSt eof], x'b}uPsf] 5 / x'g]5≤ Toxf“ hftLo jf
wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, ln+uLo jf If]qLo cfGbf]ngx¿ klg ;zSt eP , x'b}5g\ /
x'g]5g\ . t/ hx“f sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ng
sdhf]/ eof], 5 / x'g]5 Tox“f oL cfGbf]ngx¿ klg emg\—emg\ sdhf]/ / ;d:ofu|:t eP,
5g\ / x'g]5g\ . t;y{ Psflt/ hftLo d'lQm
cfGbf]ngstf{x¿n] hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf b]lvPsf pk/f]Qm / cGo sdL— sdhf]/L / ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfgdf ljz]if hf]8 lbg'kb{5 eg] csf]{lt/ juL{o d'lQm
cfGbf]ngsf/L sDo'lgi6 s|flGtsf/Lx¿n] oL
;a} cfGbf]ngx¿nfO{ ;+of]lht u/]/ Ps
;zSt, PsLs[t / s]Gb|Ls[t cfGbf]ngsf]
l;h{gf ug]{, lg/Gt/tf lbg] , ljsf; ug]{ / ljho;Dd k'¥ofpg] ljj]s / ;fx; k'¥ofpg} kb{5 . cGoyf
k|ltlqmofjfbL zf]if0f —bdgsf] k|lt/f]w :j?k k|ToIf—ck|ToIf jf yf]/}—w]/} ?kdf eflifs , wfld{s , hfltut ,
If]qut ln+uut / ;+:s[ltut ;+3{ifn]
hGdlnGb5g\ t/ pko'Qm / j}1flgs gLlt , g]t[Tj / zlQm sf] cefjdf ;]nfP/ hfg]
jf cgfjZos Iflt j]xf]g{
kg]{ vt/f /xG5 . t;y{ o;k|lt
ljz]if Wofg lbg' kg]{ bfloTj cGttM ;j{xf/fjfbL sDo'lgi6
s|flGtsf/Lx¿s} a9L x'g cfp“5 .
km]l/ klg , cfkm\gf] hftLo
pTyfg, ljsf; / d'lQmsf] nflu
hfltx¿ cfkm} ;r]t , ;+ul7t / cfGbf]lnt
x'g'k5{, cfkm\gf] ceLi6 k|flKtsf]
nflu h:tf] ;'s} b'Mv—s:6 ;xg / Tofu —tk:of —jlnbfg ug{ tof/
x'g'k5{ eGg] ;f]rdf klg
s]xL sdL 5 . cyjf egf}+
hftLo pTkL8gsf] af]wdf sdL
5 , h] hlt af]w 5 , To;sf] axgdf sdL 5 / h] hlt jxg 5 To;df
s|flGtsf/L gLlt, g]t[Tj / r]tgfsf] sdL
5 . obL oL sdLx¿ k"/f ug{ ;lsof] ,
obL pk/f]Qm sdL—sdhf]/Lx¿ x6fpg —;Rrfpg ;lsof] / pNn]lvt ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{
;lsof] eg] lgZro g} hftLo d'lQm
cfGbf]ngsf] eljio Hofb} pHHjn / ;d'Ggt
5 .