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jif{ !# c+s $), ebf} !%, @)^! Year 13, Issue 40, August 31, 2004 |
n]v
hgo'4df sfo{gLlt k|of]u / ljsf; ljhosf] dha't cfwf/
cfh ljZj PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLdf pkl:yt ePsf]
5 . PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbL lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] pRrtfsf] ljsf;sf] ztfAbL ag]sf]
5 . oxf“;Dd cfp“bf dfS;{jfbsf] ljsf; ePsf] !%) jif{ k"/f ePsf]
5 . !%) jif{sf] aLrsf] ;dofjlwdf jL;f}+ ztfAbLsf] dfS;{jfbsf] k|of]uåf/f
ljZjsf] cfwf efusf] d'xf/ km]¥of] / ;+;f/ ysf{pg] qmflGtx? ;DkGg u/fof] clkt'
dfS;{jfb;“u} dfS;{jfbsf] unf /]6\g hlGdPsf] ;+zf]wgjfbsf] sf/0f d'6' g} r'8fpg]
k|ltqmflGt klg u/fof] . oBlk xfdL lj1fgdf ljZjf; u5f}{+ / of] PSsfO{;f}+
ztfAbL xf] . lj1fgsf] x/ lgod oyfl:yltdf xf]Og ult (Motion) df x'g]
u5{ . a? pRrtf / lg/Gt/tfsf] ultdf k'Ugsf] nflu s}of}+ jfwf c8\rg cfp“5g\
/ cf/f]x cj/f]xsf] k|lqmof klg k"/f ug'{k5{ . h;/L cj/f]xsf] k|lqmof
k"/f u/]/ cf/f]x / pGgltdf k'Ug ;lsG5 To;/L g} k|ltqmflGtnfO{ kf/ u/]/
:yfoL qmflGtdf k'Ug ;lsG5 . o;/L ljZn]if0f ubf{ jL;f}+ ztfAbLsf] qmflGt ljhosf]
z'?jft xf] eg] k|ltqmflGt efjL ljhosf] nflu ;ts{tf, ;r]ttf-ljj]s_ åf/f gof“
ljhosf] cfwf/ xf] . o;/L x]bf{ xfdL PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLdf v8f eP/ Ps;fy @
j6f cleef/f axg ul//x]sf 5f}+ . -!_ qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ -@_ k|ltqmflGtnfO{
/f]Sg] . To;} cg'?k xfdL g]kfnL hgo'4df 5f}+ . g]kfnL /fhgLltsf]
uf“7f] km'sfpg o'4 ul//x]sf 5f}+ . o'4 / /fhgLltsf] ;f/nfO{ o;/L a'‰g
;lsG5 . æo'4 ;Qmkftk"0f{ /fhgLlt xf] / /fhgLlt /QmkftjLlxg o'4
xf] .Æ –s=dfcf]T;]t'ª
@)%@ ;fn kmfu'g ! ut]af6 z'? ul/Psf] dxfg\
hgo'4 cfh /0fg}lts ;Gt'ngaf6 k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/Lsf] r/0fdf u'lh|/x]sf] 5 .
x/ n8fO“x? c;fWo} hl6n, k]lrnf] / si6;fWo af6f]af6 ljhosf] lbzflt/ cufl8 a9\g]
u5{ . l;wf / ;kf6 af6f] 5}g hxf“ sl7gfoL / kL8f gxf];\ . ;dfhsf]
cu|ufdL ?kfGt/0f /Qmkftk"0f{ /fhgLltsf] jfx\o o'4åf/f hglj/f]wL ju{;“u
eLif0f / k]lrnf] n8fO““åf/f /fhgLlts clei6 k"/f ug]{ u5{ . PSsfO{;f}+
ztfAbLsf] z'?jftdf cfOk'Ubf jL;f}+ ztfAbLdf cfh{g ul/Psf] /fhg}lts ;Qfx?, h'g
;dfhjfbL lyP lt 9n]sf 5g\ / Pp6f klg 5}gg\ . ljZj km]l/ Psk6s jL;f}+
ztfAbLsf] z'?jftsf] /l;ofnL qmflGtsf] ;+3f/sf] r/0fdf 5 . km]l/ lgsf; ;z:q
;ª\3if{åf/f jf 6fn6'n] ;'wf/ / ju{ ;dGjoåf/f eGg] ax; hf]8bf/ jg]sf] 5 t/ lgZro
g} ;dfh kl/jt{g / ;dfhjfbsf] lgdf{0f ju{ ;ª\3if{åf/f g} x'g] xf] / x'“b} cfPsf]
5 . To;}nfO{ k'li6 ug{ ljZje/ o'4 hf/L 5 . To;}sf] gljgtd sl8 g]kfnL
hgo'4 xf] .
ha dfS;{jfbn] k|ltkfbg u/]sf] ju{;ª\3if{sf]
l;4fGt n]lggjfbsf] dfWodåf/f qmflGtsf ;ª\u7g, ;ª\3if{, /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt to
ub}{ 7f]; kl/l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f ;lxt cufl8 a9\of] . Toxf“sf] ljz]iftfsf]
k'“hLjfbL d'n'sdf qmflGt eof] . dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbdf ljsf; eof] .
To:t} t]>f] ljZj pTkLl8t, cw{;fdGtL / cw{ cf}klgj]zLs b]zdf qmflGt ug{
Toxf“sf] 7f]; cj:yfsf] cfwf/df dfS;{jfbsf] dfcf]jfbdf ljsf; ul/of] . ;f]xL
cg'kftdf /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltx? to ul/of] . dfS;{jfb dfn]dfjfbdf ljsf; eof] .
of] bf]>f] tYo xf] .
cfh ljZjdf ePsf ;a} qmflGtsf/L ;dfhjfbL
;Qfx? 9ln;s] / k|ltqmflGtsf] jfxs alg;s]sf] l:ylt;“u} ljZj PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLdf
v8f 5 . oxf“;Dd cfp“bf ca ;j{xf/fju{sf] sf“wdf qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ dfq}
xf]Og k|ltqmflGt s;/L /f]Sg] / ;dfhjfbL ;Qf hf]ufpg] eGg] lrGtf 5 . o;/L x]bf{ PSsfO{;f}+
ztfAbLsf] qmflGtsf] of]hgf jL;f}+ ztfAbLaf6 geO{ PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbL d'tfljs
ug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 . csf]{lt/ ljZj klg klxnf jL;f}+ ztfAbLsf] h:tf] g/xL
km/s l:ylt / kl/j]zdf 5 . of] km/s l:ylt / kl/j]zdf k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg]
r]tgf ;lxt PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLsf] ljZjnfO{ qmflGtåf/f kl/jt{g ug'{ kg]{5 .
cfh Psflt/ ;fd|fHojfbL x:tIf]k / csf]{lt/ lj1fg k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] qmflGtsf
k'/fgf df]8]nx? s'g} Pssf] dfq} k|of]un] g]kfnL qmflGtsf] ljho / ljsf; ;Dej
5}g . To;sf] nflu ?kfGt/0f u/L tyf lj1fg k|ljlwdf ePsf] ljsf;sf] cfwf/df
PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLdf qmflGtsf] gof“ df]8]nsf] ljsf; u/L ;fd|fHojfbL sfo{gLltnfO{
kf/ ug{ ;S5f}+ Tof] xf] bL3{sflng hgo'4df ;z:q ljb|f]x ;dfof]hg (Fusion) ug]{
k|r08kysf] /0fgLlt .
g]kfn h:tf] ljZjs} Pp6f ;fgf] t/ ;fdl/s dxTj
/fVg] ljZjs} pRr e"uf]ndf xfdL qmflGt ub}{5f}+ . /, jL;f}+ ztfAbLsf]
k|ltqmflGtsf] ;f/ lvRb} qmflGtkl5 k|ltqmflGt /f]Sg ;Ifd agfpg k|ltj4
5f}+ . o;/L x]bf{ ljZje/L xfdLnfO{ ;xof]u / ;dy{g ug]{ s'g} klg ;Qf
5}g . t/ klg slQ klg ljrlnt geO{ qmflGtsf] gof“ bLkHof]lt k|Hhjng ub]{
To;}sf] pHofnf]af6 ;+;f/e/ pHofnf] 5g{df k|ltj4 5f}+ . PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLdf
g]kfnL qmflGtsf] ljrf/ k|r08kynfO{ dfn]dfjfb / k|r08kydf ;fj{ef}d agfpgdf xfdL
k|ltj4 5f}+ . To;}n] g]kfnL hgo'4df /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltsf] ;xL tfnd]nåf/f
k|r08kysf] ;}Go /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltsf] ;d]t ljsf; ul//x]sf 5f}+ . Tof]
kr08kysf] dfq} ljsf; geO{ l;ª\uf] hgo'4sf] /0fgLltsf] ljsf; / ;d[l4s/0f
xf] . To;}n] g]kfnL hgo'4nfO{ ljhoL / ljsl;t agfpg jt{dfgdf xfdLn]
lkmN8sf] jf:tljs l:ylt x]b}{ kxnsbdL sfod ug{ lgDg ljifox?nfO{ j];L hf]8 lbg'
kg]{5 . csf]{lt/ cgfjZos Iflt / 3if{0f xf/sf] 3f]ts xf] . To;}n]
lg/Gt/ pT;fx / To;af6 csf]{ ljho hGdfpg ljb|f]xL ;]gf -hgd'lQm ;]gf_ n]
k|r08kysf] o'4 /0fgLlt (War Strategy) cg'?k o'4 sfo{gLlt (War Tactics) sf]
ljsf; ug{ h?/L 5 . h;nfO{ lgDgfg';g/ /fVg ;lsG5–
ljb|f]xL :jefljs ?kn] ;+Vof / o'4Ifdtf b'a}sf lx;fan] sdhf]/
x'G5 . To;}n] h;sf] sf/0f ljb|f]xL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] ;+:yfut ljsf;sf]
k|lqmof cToGt} 5f]6f] ePsf]n] bIftf sdL x'G5 eg] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;]gf ;of}+ jif{b]lv
;ª\ul7t / o'4 cEof; tyf pRrk|ljlwo''Qm xltof/sf] sf/0f bIf x'G5 . o; pN6f]
qmflGtsf/L ;]gf nfn x'G5 t/ bIf aGg kfPsf] x'“b}g . o;/L x]bf{ dfgjLo
tTjsf lx;fan] qmflGtsf/L ;]gf jlnof] tyf ef}lts tTjsf lx;fan] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf]
;]gf jlnof] x'g] u5{ . t/ jf:tljs n8fO““df oL b'a}sf] Ps;fy cfjZostf
kg]{u5{ / k|s6 klg x'G5 . t;y{ 6fu]{6 5gf}6 ubf{ ljho kfpg of] tTjnfO{
plrt Vofn ;lxt k'/fgf] k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfsf] ;]gfnfO{ lhTg b'Zdg ;]gfsf] slyt
bIftf, ;+:yfut / ef}lts ;DkGgtfnfO{ w/f;foL kfg{ plrt lgzfgf 5gf}6 ul/g'
k5{ . o;df km]l/ b'Zdgsf] ef}lts ;DkGgtfnfO{ a9L cf“s]/ cfºgf] ef}ltstf /
dfgjLo tfstnfO{ sd cf“s]/ of]hgfdf cfTd;'/IFfjfbL aGg] tyf csf]{lt/ cfºgf]
l:yltnfO{ a9fO{r9fO{ ug]{ t/ b'Zdgsf] pk/f]Qm l:yltnfO{ e'Ng] vt/fn] b':;fxfl;s
aGg] vt/f /xL /xG5 . cGtt oL b'a}n] xfdLnfO{ lg/fzf / knfog lt/
n}hfG5 . t;y{ of]hgf 5gf}6 ubf{ pko'Qm tYonfO{ e'Ng' x'“b}g .
m ljb|f]xL ;]gf k|ljlwsf lx;fan] :jefljs
?kn] sdhf]/ x'G5 . h;n] ubf{ sd;n k|ljlw (Low Technology) / pRr ljrf/
(high Thinking) sf ;fy pRr k|ljlw (High Technology) sf] lj?4df nl8/x]sf
5f}+ . o;sf] dtnj ljb|f]xL ;]gf;“u} ;Lldt xltof/ / uf]nLu¶f tyf o'4
;fdfu|L x'G5g\ . x]lnsf]K6/ tyf tTsfn ;kf]6{ k'¥ofpg ;Sg] ;]gf / xltof/
klg x'“b}g . t;y{ qmflGtsf/L ;]gfn] n8fO““ n8\bf Wofg k'¥ofpg' kg]{ csf]{
dxTjk"0f{ ;t{ eg]sf] e"uf]n xf] . lsgsL ;kf]6{ k'¥ofpgdf glhs}
kmf];{ / xltof/ gx'g] tyf ;Lldt ;fwg >f]tn] n8fO“ n8\g' kg]{ ePsf]n]
n8fO“sf] nflu pko'Qm / lgsf;o'Qm e"uf]n h?/L 5 . To;}n] qmflGtsf/L
;]gfn] n8fO“ n8\bf dfq} xf]Og Camping ubf{ ;d]t ldnfP/ ug]{ tyf d'edf klg
ckm]G; l8km]G; ldnfP/ ug]{ tyf k|ltlqmofjfbL ;]gfeGbf s}of}+ u'0ff Pn6{ /xg]
s'/fdf ljz]if hf]8 lbg'k5{ . o;df x/]s g]t[Tjn] e"uf]nsf] 1fg ljgf
h:tf];'s} cj:yfdf klg jfWofTds n8fO“ afx]s cGo n8fO“ gn8g' ljj]sk"0f{
x'g]5 .
m ljb|f]xL ;]gfn] k'/fgf] ;QfkIfsf] ;]gf;“u
n8fO““{ n8\bf Wofg k'¥ofpg' kg]{ csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ kIf eg]sf] ;do / o'4
;fdfu|Lsf] vr{ xf] . dtna s] xf] eg] ljb|f]xL ;]gf;“u ;fwg >f]tsf]
lx;fan] klg sd /xg] tyf To;sf] ;fy} n8fO“ kl5 x'g ;Sg] ;DefJo 3]/faGbL /
To;nfO{ kf/ ug{ ;d]t n8fO“ n8]/} ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] n8fO“x?df qmflGtsf/L
ljb|f]xLx?n] lg0f{o gx'g] nfdf] / 3if{0fk"0f{ n8fO“ k6Ss} gnl8,
pknlAwk"0f{ x'g;Sg] / 5f]6f] ;dod} kxn lng ;Sg] lx;fan] n8fO“ n8\g'
k5{ . o;df hg;]gfsf sdf08/ / ;b:on] cfºgf] o'4 ;fdfu|Lsf] lx;fa lstfa ub}{
;dok|lt o'4 ;fdfu|L tyf To;sf] df/ ug]{ af/]df ;f]+Rg'k5{ . csf]{ ;du|
kIfsf] /fd|f] ljZn]if0f ljgf nfdf] ;do n8\g' klg 3fts x'g]5 . sf/0f b'Zdg
;]gfn] ;kf]6{ lbg] t/ xfd|f] eg] ePsf] ;fwg >f]t ;Sg] x'g' x'“b}g .
o;sf] dtna km]l/ s] xf]Og eg] 5f]6f] ;do n8\g] gfddf efUg] xf]Og a? s] xf] eg]
5f]6f] n8fO“af6 kl/0ffd lgsfNg] / olb n8fO“ nlDaPdf klg cgfjZos Psxf]/f]
cGwfw'Gw n8fO“ gn8L o'4 l:yltsf] cWoog ub}{ lglZrt ;dodf lglZrt o'4 ;fdfu|Ln]
n8fO“sf] km};nf ug]{ lx;fan] n8\g' k5{ . o;df ljz]ift b'ZdgnfO{ ysfpg],
b'Zdgsf] o'4 ;fdfu|L ;sfpg], p;nfO{ x}/fg kfg]{ tyf b'Zdgsf] o'4 ;fdfu|L sAhf
u/L n8\g] s'/fdf ljz]if hf]8 lbg'k5{ .
m 5fkfdf/ n8fO“af6 df]rf{j4 n8fO“df k|j]z
u/]sf] l:yltdf n8fO“df 5fkfdf/ z}nLnfO{ e'Ng] / df]rf{j4 n8fO“df dfq} hf]8 lbg]
csf]{ ;d:of klg 5 . o;sf] ljz]ift /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] ;dofjlwdf ;d]t /
sltko cj:yf / ;Gbe{df t To;kZrft\ ;d]t k|ltlqmofjfbL k'/fgf] ;]gf k|ljlw,
xltof/ / bIftfdf jlnof] x'g] ePsf]n] tyf qmflGtsf/L ;]gf dfgjLo tTj / ljrf/,
alnbfgsf lx;fan] alnof] eP tfklg o'4bIftf / Ifdtfsf] lx;fan] sdhf]/ g} x'g]
ePsf]n] xfdLn] cgfjZos 3if{0faf6 hf]lug ljz]if h?/L 5 . To;}sf] nflu
df]rf{j4 n8fO“df klg ljho kfpgsf] nflu 5fkfdf/ z}nL / df]rf{j4 n8fO“df 5fkfdf/
n8fO“sf] ;dfof]hgsf] dxTj :jt 5 . lsgsL xfdLnfO{ n8fO“sf] nflu n8\g] geO{
ljho / kl/0ffdsf] nflu n8fO“ n8\g' 5, cGoyf To;n] c? n8fO“x?df :jtM c;/ kg]{
tyf Ps uf]nL ;d]t ;xof]u ug]{ /fi6« zlQm s]Gb| ;d]t gePsf] a]nfdf jfWoftfdf
afx]s x/]s uf]nLn] c? @÷$ uf]nL sAhf ug]{ lx;fan] n8fO“ n8\g' 5 . of]
dd{nfO{ k"/fgf sd/]8 tyf ;a} txsf sdf08/x?n] ljz]if uDeL/tfsf ;fy lnb}
df]rf{j4 n8fO“sf] of]hgf ubf{ pk/f]Qm ljlwsf] ;dfof]hg ug{ h?/L 5 .
m xfd|f x/]s n8fO“sf] nIo cfk"m ljho
kfpg], cfk"mnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ hgtf, sfo{stf{ / ;]gfsf] dgf]jn p7fpg] tyf
lg/Gt/ cfd k+lQmnfO{ cfzf, ljZjf; / ljhosf] dgf]lj1fgsf] ljsf; ub}{ b'Zdgsf]
k+lQmnfO{ IftljIft kfg]{, p;sf] dgf]jn lu/fpg], b'Zdgdf lj36g, km'6 / ljb|f]x
k}bf ug]{ tyf xf/, cljZjf; / lg/fzfsf] dgf]lj1fg k}bf ug]{ xf] . o;}n]
xfdLn] n8\g] x/]s n8fO“ bf]>f] n8fO“sf] nflu k|]/0ff aGg'k5{ . km]l/
n8fO“ eGg] ljlQs} ;f]r] h:tf] lzi6 Jojl:yt t x'“b}g Toxf“, clgiro eb|uf]n /
cJoj:yf k}bf eO/xG5 . clkt' o; tYonfO{ Vofn ub}{ of]hgfdf ;f]r]/ xf/sf]
n8fO“ geO{ lg/Gt/ lhtsf] n8fO“ n8\g' 5 . lsgsL Pp6f xf/n] hg;]gfdf klg
7"nf] xtf;f tyf eb|uf]n lgDTofp“5 / b'ZdgnfO{ ;'b[9 u5{ . Tof] cj;/
b'ZdgnfO{ lbg' a]7Ls x'G5 . To;}n] oxf“ s=dfcf]n] eg] em}+–æljhosf]
Uof/]06L u/]/ n8\g], cfºgf] >]i7 kmf}hnfO{ s]lGb|t ug]{, b'Zdgn] rfx]sf]
7fp“df n8fO“ gn8\g], xfdLn] rfx]sf] 7fp“df k6Ss} g5f]8\g], b'ZdgnfO{ x}/fg k/]zfg
kfg]{ / gof“–gof“ sfo{gLltx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ tl/sf ckgfpg' k5{ . gxfg]{
n8fO“ t sxL x'“b}g t/ klg Oltxf;df gof“ kxn lng / clGtd ;Qf sJhf ug{ / ljhonfO{
;nxsf] em}+ cufl8 a9fpg Pskl5 csf]{ hLt / ljho kfpg' k5{ . To;sf] nflu ljz]if ?kn] ;f]r]/
n8fO“ n8\g' k5{ .Æ
m
n8fO“df ljhosf] nflu csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/ eg]sf] ;]gfsf] sfo{z}nL klg
xf] . km]l/ sfo{z}nL eg]sf] s'g} 7f]; / d"t{ ljifo geP/ cd"t{
ljifo xf] . t/ 7f]; ug]{ lhDdf tTsflng j:t'ut / cfTdut l:yltsf] cfw/df
g]t[Tjn] ug]{ s'/f xf] . n8fO“df sfo{z}nLsf] pk]IFf ul/of] t/ c? s'/f hlt
g} ldnfOof] eg] klg n8fO“ lhTg ufx|f] kg]{ 5 . dfq} xf]Og slxn]sf“xL t
;f]Rb} g;f]lrPsf], b'vb kl/0ffd klg xft nfU5 . To;}n] sfo{z}nLsf] k|ZgnfO{
j:t'l:ylt / cfTdut Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df xn ug'{k5{ . ;]S;gsf] sfo{z}nL / sDkgLsf]
sfo{z}nL, ljz]ifbnsf] sfo{z}nL tyf 5fkfdf/ ;]gfsf] sfo{z}nL km/s–km/s
x'G5 . To:t} n8fO“ n8\g of]hgfdf a;]sf] ;]gfsf] sfo{z}nL / pTkfbg, k|rf/,
;ª\u7gdf /x]sf] j]nfsf] ;]gfsf] sfo{z}nL, cfwf/ Onfsfsf] ;]gfsf] sfo{z}nL /
:j]tOnfsfsf] sfo{z}nL, kf6L{ sld6Lsf] sfo{z}nL / hg;]gfsf] sfo{z}nL km/s–km/s
x'G5 . ;f]xL cfwf/df 7f]; ug{ ;Sg' k5{ . h]xf];\ sfo{z}nL eg]sf] s'g}
h8 / ?9 ljifo geP/ Tof] t sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ pQd tl/sfsf] k|of]uåf/f kl/0ffd xfl;n
ug]{ ljlw xf] . To;nfO{ tTsfn lg0f{o lbg g]t[Tjdf xfdLn] s;/L cfZro{
k|r'/tfsf] k|of]u / 5fkfdf/ z}nLåf/f ljho kfpg ;S5f}+ o;df ljz]if hf]8 lbg'
h?/L 5 .
m
n8fO“df ljho kfpgsf] nflu csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ zt{ eg]sf] kxnsbdL g} xf] .
elgG5 n8fO“df kxnsbdL eg]sf] hfnsf] 8f]/L h:tf] lg0ff{os lrh xf] . km]l/
;a}eGbf 7f]; ug{ g;lsg] hl6n ljifo eg]sf] klg kxnsbdL xf] . kxnsbdL eg]sf]
n8fO“df xfjL x'g] xf] . o;sf] dtnj n8fO“df xfdL xfjL eof}+ eg] xfd|f] ljho
tyf b'Zdg ePdf p;sf] ljho x'g] u/]sf] 5 . To;}n] n8fO“df kxnsbdL xft
lngsf] nflu @ lx;fan] -efudf_ ;f]lrg' k5{ . klxnf] ;du| kxnsbdL lngsf]
nflu ;du| l/kf]6{ / k|fKt cj:yfsf] cfwf/df of]hgf lgdf{0f, bf];|f] n8fO“sf]
z'?jft b]lvg} km]l/g] gof“ l:yltnfO{ ljZn]if0f u/]/ tTsfn kxnsbdL lng] lx;fan]
of]hg jgfpg] . o;/L n8fO“df kxnsbdL eg]sf] l:yltnfO{ cfºgf] kIfdf km]/]/
of]hgfdf 9fNg] xf] . nfdf] ;dob]lv kl/l:yltnfO{ ljZn]if0f u/]/ of]hgfdf
9fNg t ;lhnf] x'G5 t/ tTsfnsf] l:yltnfO{ a'em]/ of]hgfdf 9fNg eg] hl6n g}
x'G5 . km]l/ ToxL hl6ntfsf] ;dfwfg g} ljho aG5 . t;y{ xfdLnfO{
agfPsf] k'/fgf] of]hgfdf n8\g ;Sg] ;]gf / sdf08/ dfq}n] k'Ub}g To;sf] ;fy}
xfdLnfO{ km]l/Psf] l:yltnfO{ cfºgf] kIfdf lnP/ of]hgfdf 9fNg ;Sg] n8fO“df ad,
af?bsf] aLrdf of]hgf agfP/ n8\g / ljho kfpg ;Ifd ;]gf / sdf08/ aGg' h?/L
5 .
m
ljb|f]xL ;]gfn] ljho kfpg n8fO“ n8]/ dfq} k'Ub}g . ljb|f]xL ;]gfn]
cfZro{sf] k|r'/tfsf] k|of]u ug]{ tyf b'ZdgnfO{ rf}tkmL{ k|xf/ / cfqmd0fåf/f
lynf]–lynf] kfg'{ h?/L x'G5 . h;nfO{ qmflGtsf/Lx?n] b'ZdgnfO{
7"nf–7"nf / g;f]r]sf] tuf/fx? v8f u/]/ hgtfsf] tKsfnfO{ ljb|f]xdf
ptf/]/, cfly{s 6f6kN6fO lbg h?/L x'G5 . k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] /Iffsf] /Ifsx?sf]
Jofks ljgfz tyf /fhg}lts ?kn] rf}tkmL{ bjfj / 3]/faGbL l;h{gf ug'{ h?/L
5 . To;f] ePsf] v08df Pskl5 csf]{ k/fhoaf6 p;nfO{ p7\g ufx|f] kg]{ dfq}
geO{ ;]gfsf] Joj:yfkg / n8fO“ n8\g ufx|f] kg]{5 . ljb|f]xL ;]gf ljhoL aGg
;lhnf] x'g]5 .
m
n8fO“x?df ljho kfpg ljb|f]xL ;]gfsf] dgf]an pRr kfg]{ tyf ;]gfsf] dgf]lj1fgsf]
cfwf/df of]hgf jgfpg] ljifodf ljz]if ?kn] ;f]lrg' k5{ . olb ;]gfsf]
dgf]lj1fg n8fO“sf] ljifodf, g]t[Tjsf] ljifodf, kf6L{ gLlt, of]hgf, sfo{z}nLk|lt
v/fa 5fk k/]sf] 5 eg] n8\b}g . hg;]gfn] hgtfsf] lxt ug]{ kljq OR5fåf/f
clek|]l/t eP/ n8\g] u5{ . pM s'g} tna, :jfy{ / ;'ljwfsf] nflu n8]sf]
x'“b}g . t;y{ ;w}+e/L ;]gfnfO{ tfhf agfO/xg /fhg}lts sIffx? ;~rfng u/L
/xg, cf/fd, Jofofd, dgf]/~hg / sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] /fd|f] tfnd]n ug]{ tyf 6Ldleq
cltl/Qm lqmofsnfkx? ;~rfng ul//xg], ;]gfsf] ;d:ofdf kf6L{{ k"/} ;xefuL
aGg] tyf n8fO“sf] /fd|f] Joj:yfkg ug]{ / knfogsf] vt/faf6 hf]ufpg ljz]if cleofg
;lxt nfUg], ;xL j}1flgs sfd / of]hgfsf] tfnd]nåf/f pRr dgf]an k}bf
ug'{k5{ . k|ltlqmofjfbL ;]gf ;fd|fHojfbL ;]gf xf] . ;fd|fHojfbL xltof/
/ k|ljlwsf ;fy cfsf;, hdLgaf6} n8\g cfpg]5 t/ km};nf k|ljlwn] geO{ n8fO“sf]
km};nf hgtf / tLgsf] dgf]ann] u5{g eGg] a'emfpg' k5{ . To;sf] nflu pk/f]Qm
ljifosf] dxTj :jt 5 .
m
ljb|f]xL ;]gfn] ljho kfpg k|ltlqmofjfbL ;]gfeGbf s}og u'0ff r':t / bl/nf] aGg'
kg]{5 . cfh;Dd cfp“bf xfd|f] jf:tljstf eg]sf] kmd]{zg Jojl:yt ePsf] 5}g . / xfdL n8fO“sf] ;dodf nfdf]
;dob]lv agfP/ cfPsf] kmd]{zgnfO{ k"/} eTsfp“b} / gof“ agfP/ n8fO“
n8\5f}+ . o;n] Pp6f n8fO“ n8\g] clg ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ / km]l/ n8\g]
k|lqmofsf] nflu t 7Ls} 5 t/ b}lgs h:tf] cfsl:ds / df]rf{j4 n8fO“ n8\g' kg]{
cj:yfdf k'u]sf]n] xfd|f] kmd]{zgnfO{ ablng ;Sg] vfnsf] agfpg' k5{ . t/
tTsfn To;f] ug{ xfd|f] ;]gf /ª\u ?6 kmf];{ j];L x'g] ePsf]n] ;Dej agfpg ufx|f]
5 t/ o;nfO{ ;Dej agfpg h?/L 5 . h;sf] nflu -!_ /ª\u?6sf] nflu bIf kmf];{
agfpg k|of; ug]{ -@_ x/]s cj:yfdf ljlzi6 lhDd]jf/L ;lxtsf ljz]if bnx? h:tf]
lu|g]6, kmfO6/, ;'6/, dfOlgª h:tfsf cnu–cnu ;]S;gx? agfP/ n8fO“ n8\g'k5{ .
To;f] u/]sf] v08df ljho kfpg ;xh aGg] 5 .
m
ljb|f]xL ;]gfn] ljhoL aGgsf] nflu x/]s n8fO“df k'/fgf tl/sf geP/ gof“–gof“ ljlw
/ tl/sfx?sf] k|of]u ul/g' k5{ . hlxn] klg x/]s n8fO“ kZrft\ b'Zdgn] To;
n8fO“df k|of]u ul/Psf] tl/sf kQf nufpg] / To;sf] k|lt/f]wfTds of]hgf
agfp“5 . t;y{ b'ZdgnfO{ qmz ug{ g;Sg] agfpg /x]s n8fO“df gof“ kgf Nofpg'
h?/L 5 . n8fO“df gof“–gof“ tl/sfx?sf] k|of]u ug]{ tyf b'ZdgnfO{ ;f]Rg]
k'm;{b glbg] / b'Zdg ;]gfdf la36g Nofpg] lx;fan] ;f]lrg' k5{ . a? ljb|f]xL
;]gfn] b'Zdgsf] cfGtl/s l:ylt kQf nufpg] / nfdf] ;do;Dd 3]/faGbL ug]{, o'4
;fdfu|L dfq} vr{ ug]{ t/ ljho gx'g] tl/sfsf] pkof]u gu/L o'4 l:yltsf] cWoog
;lxt Ps 7fp“af6 kxn lng ;xof]u x'g] lx;fan] ;f]lrg' k5{ . lsg sL ljb|f]xL
;]gf k|ljlw / ;kf]6{sf lx;fan] :jfefljs ?kdf sdhf]/ ePsf] sf/0f o;/L ;f]Rg'
j'l4dtfk"0f{ x'g]5 .
oxf“ o; ;fgf] n]vdf ljb|f]xL ;]gfn] ljho kfpgsf nflu ckgfpg' kg]{ jf Wofg k'¥ofpg' kg]{ ljifo af/]df ;fdfGo rrf{ ul/of] . oxf“ xfdL Psflt/ @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf Pp6} dfq} klg xfdLnfO{ k|]/0ff lbg] zlQms]Gb| gePsf] cj:yfdf tyf csf]{lt/ ljb|f]xL kIfsf] lx;fan] b'O{j6f n8fO“ Ps;fy nl8/x]sf] 5f}+ . tL ;fd|fHojfbL lj?4 gof“ ljZj Joj:yf :yfkgf ug]{ n8fO“ tyf b]zsf] k|ltlqmofjfbL zfifs lj?4 / gof“ ;Qf :yfkgfsf] n8fO“ . csf]{ lx;fan] b]zsf] cfwfeGbf a9L e"–efu sJhf u/]/ /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0flt/ k|j]z ug{ nflu /x]sf 5f}+ . /, efjL ljb|f]x ;+ul7t u/L ;Qf sJhf ug{sf] nflu xfdLn] pk/f]Qm tYonfO{ Vofn u/]/ n8\g' h?/L 5 . lsgsL ha n8fO“ lg0ff{os r/0fdf k'U5 Toxf“ x'g] ;jn kIf ljhosf] nflu hlt lg0ff{os x'G5 b'j{n kIf klg k/fho jf xf/sf] nflu Tolts} lg0ff{os aG5 . t;y{ eljiosf n8fO“nfO{ cfhsf] cj:yfaf6 clGtd / lg0ff{os ljho kfpg of] pk/f]Qm ljlw / tl/sfsf] vf]hL u/L n8fO“ n8\g h?/L 5 . h;n] g} jf:tjdf hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ >]i7 agfP/ ljhoL agfpg ;S5g\ .