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jif{ !# c+s $@, ebf} @(, @)^! Year 13, Issue 42, September 14, 2004 |
d'Vo;dfrf/x?
b]pjfsf] ef/t e|d0fdf g]kfn /
g]kfnL hgtflj?4 cem 7"nf] if8oGq ePsf] 5
s[i0fjxfb'/ dx/f, k|jQmf, g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt
sf7df8f}+÷ b]zs} hg;+Vofsf]
cfwfeGbf a9L hg;d'bfosf] k|ToIf ;xeflutfdf cl3 al9/x]sf] / b]zsf c;L k|ltzt
e'efudf hgtfsf] ;Qf :yfkgf u/fO;s]sf] dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf lj?4 ef/tLo zfifsx?nfO{
u'xfg]{ p2]Zosf ;fy xfn} ;fdGtL ;Qfsf gfos 1fg]Gb|n] cfÎgf gf]s/ z]/jxfb'/
b]pjfnfO{ ef/t e|d0f u/fPsf 5g\ . ^ bh{gsf] bnjn;lxt ef/t k'u]sf /fhfsf] v]tfnf
;/sf/sf k|wfgdGqL z]/jxfb'/ b]pjfn] g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s dfldnfdfly x:tIf]k ug{
ef/tnfO{ u'xf/]sf dfq} 5}gg\ g]kfnL hgtf / /fi6«sf lj?4 uf]Ko ;xdlt / if8oGq
;d]t u/]sf 5g\ . b]pjfsf] ef/t e|d0fsf qmddf ePsf uf]Ko ;xdlt / if8oGqsf ;j}
ljj/0fx? jflx/ gcfP klg dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 lj?4sf] bdgdf ef/tn] u/]sf] Jofks ;}Go
;xof]u a9fpg]nufotsf ;xfotfsf] 3f]if0ffn] g]kfndf
ljBdfg u[xo'4sf] zflGtk"0f{ jftf{dfkm{t cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf; vf]Hg] hg
rfxgfsf] k|d'v jfXo afws zlQm ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb g} /x]sf] s'/f k'g{k'li6 ePsf] 5
. ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb / cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] cufl8 cfTd;dk{0f u/]/ g]kfn / g]kfnL
hgtfsf] :jtGq cl:tTj Pj+ :jfledfg dfly gf+uf]?kdf v]njf8 ul//x]sf] k'/fgf]
;Qfn] ljb]zL jGb'ssf] e/df hgtfsf] yk g/;+xf/ u/]/ cfÎgf] cfo' nDAofpg] s;/t
ul//x]sf]df To;sf] Jofks lj/f]B / eT;{gf eO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtfn] cl3
a9fO/x]sf] dxfg\ hgqmflGtdfly bdg ug{ ljb]zLx?;“u xf/ u'xf/ ul//xg'n] k'/fgf]
;Qf clGtd lj36gsf] ;+3f/df k'lu;s]sf] ;j{q c8sn sfl6b}+5 .
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;/sf/sf k|wfgdGqL
b]pjfsf] xfn} ;DkGg ef/t e|d0fsf qmddf g]kfnL hgtf lj?4 ePsf if8oGq / k'/fgf]
;Qfsf] jftf{ lj/f]wL rl/qjf/] cfh ljxfg hgfb]z;“u ;+lIft k|ltlqmof JoQm ub}{
g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_sf s]Gb|Lo k|jQmf s[i0fjxfb'/ dx/fn] eGg'eof] æxfd|f] kf6L{sf]
s]Gb|Lo sldl6sf] j}7s j;]sf] s'/f ;fj{hlgs eP nuQ} b]pjfsf] ef/t e|d0f x'g'
p2]Zod'ns 5 . b]pjfn] xfd|f] lg0f{o nu]/ ef/tLo zfifsx?nfO{ xfd|f lj?4 psf;]sf
dfq} 5}gg\ b]zdf x:tIf]ksf] nflu ;d]t u'xf/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] of] e|d0f g}
xfd|flj?4 yk if8oGq ug]{ p2]Zon] ePsf] s'/fdf s'g} z+sf /xGg . o;k6ssf] e|d0fdf
b'j} b]zsf zfifsx?jLr g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtflj?4 cem 7"nf] if8oGq ePsf] 5 .
ef/tn] ;}Go ;xof]u a9fpg] h'g v'Nnf 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5, o;n] klg u+eL/ if8oGqsf]
cfefif ldNb5 . k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfb / ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbL x:tIf]k
Pj+ ;GgLs6 kmf}hL xdnfsf] vt/fsf lj?4
;Dk"0f{ :jfledfgL / b]zeQm g]kfnLx? Psh'6 x'g cem a9L h?/L ePsf] 5 . o:tf]
cj:yfdf cem 7"nf] k|lt/f]w ;+3if{ cl3 a9fP/ dfq xfd|f] :jflwgtfsf] /Iff
x'g ;S5 .Æ
k|jQmf dx/f;“u ef/t e|d0f nuQ} b]pjfn]
dfcf]jfbL lj?4 bdg / jftf{ ;“u;“u} cl3 a9fpg] jtfPsf 5g\ lg eGbf pxf“sf]
k|ltlqmof lyof] æb]pjf;“u jftf{ ug]{ s'g} clwsf/ / zlQm t 5b}5}g . k'/fgf]
;Qfn] jftf{sf] xNnf dRrfP/ e|d kfg]{ / cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u h'6fP/ hgtfdfly eo+s/
o'4 yf]kg]{ s;/t ul//x]sf] s'/f hf] s;}n] klg a'em\g ;S5 . To;}n] ljgf t'ssf
o:tf jftf{sf] xNnfsf] s'g} cy{ / cf}lrTo b]lvb}+g .Æ k|jQmf dx/fn] cfÎgf] kf6L{
jftf{sf] lj/f]wL gePsf] s'/fnfO{ :ki6 kfb}{ cufl8 eGg'eof] æxfd|f] hgo'4 ;du|
/fHo;Qflj?4sf] o'4 xf], cyf{t xfdLn] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;]gf, ;+ljwfg, /fhf, ;/sf/
;j}sf lj?4 o'4 ul//x]sf 5f}+ . xfd|f] jGb'ssf] p2]Zo k'/fgf]sf] Wj+; u/L gof“
/fHo jgfpg' xf] . jftf{df xfd|f] gof“ /fHo;Qfjf/] 5nkmn x'g;Sg] eP xfdL tof/
5f}+ . xfdL jftf{ lj/f]wL xf]Ogf} . xfdLn] gf]s/x?;“u jftf{ gug]{ eg]sf] klg gf]s/x?n]
/fhg}lts lgsf;sf] Ifdtf /fVb}gg\ eg]/ g} xf] . x]g'{; jftf{jf6 ;fdfGo n]gb]g
ug]{ dfq} xfd|f] p2]Zo eP gf]s/x?;“usf] jftf{jf6 klg xn x'g] lyof] xf]nf . t/
of] ;/sf/n] t cfkm"n] gof“ ;+ljwfg jgfpg] lg0f{o ug{ g;Sg], /fhtGqsf]
ljifodf lg0f{o ug{ g;Sg] tyf ;]gfjf/] s]xL ug{ g;Sg] jtfO;s]sf] 5 . o:tf] s]xL
klg ug]{ clwsf/ gePsf] /fhfsf] gf]s/ ;/sf/;“usf] jftf{jf6 xfd|f] p2]Zo
k"/f x'g] s'/} ePg . To;}n] ;du| /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf ug{ hf] ;“u kfj/ 5,
h;n] ug{;S5 p;“u jftf{ ug{ xfd|f] kf6L{ tof/ 5 . xfdLn] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;du|
zlQm s]Gb|Lt u/]sf] zlQm;+u jftf{ ug]{ eg]sf] xf] . ljutdf @ k6s;Dd xfdLn]
cToGt} nlrnf] eP/ jftf{df uof} t/ b'j} k6s k'/fgf] ;Qf /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] kIfdf
tof/ gePsf sf/0f jftf{ ;kmn ePg . cj xfdLn] ljZj:t cGt/f{li6«o dWo:ytfdf
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf dflnsx?;“u g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ k'0f{?kdf ;fj{ef}d t"Nofpg]
p4]Zodf s]Gb|Lt /x]/dfq jftf{ ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf 5f}+ . hgtfnfO{ k'0f{?kdf
;fj{ef}d t"Nofpg] eg]sf] ljutdf xfdLn] eg]sf] ;j{kIfLo uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng,
cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] u7g / ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj dfkm{t hgtfdf hfg] s'/f g} xf] .
o;sf] cy{ xfdLn] k'/fgf] ;Qf;“usf] jftf{ OGsf/ u/]sf] xf]Og .Æ
s] o;f] eg]/ tkfO{x?n]
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;/sf/df ;fd]n Pdfn]nufotsf kf6L{x? Pj+ ;8s cfGbf]ngdf ;fd]n
sf+u|]; ;lxtsf kf6L{x?;“usf] jftf{nfO{ OGsf/ ug'{ ePsf] xf] eGg] k|Zg ubf{
s=s[i0fjxfb'/ dx/fn] eGg'eof] æb]z /
hgtfsf] l:yltjf/] xfdL ;j};“u 5nkmn ug{ tof/ 5f}+ . To;}n] ;/sf/df ;fd]n ePsf
kf6L{x?;“u klg b]z / hgtfsf] l:yltjf/] 5nkmn gx'g] s'/} ePg . vfnL ;/sf/df
;fd]n bnx? ;/sf/sf c+uh:tf ePsfn] ltlgx?;“u ;/sf/sf jf/] eg] 5nkmn x'g ;Sb}g .
cfGbf]ng ul//x]sf ;j} bnx?;“u eg] cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;jf/] 5nkmnsf] 9f]sf
v'Nnf 5Æ
dfcf]jfbL g]tf dx/fnfO{ tkfO{x?n]
ldqzlQmx?dflysf] cfqmd0f /f]Sg u/]sf] k|of;sf jfjh'b klg cfqmd0f /f]lsPsf]
b]lvPg lg eGg] k|Zg ubf{ pxf“n] eGg'eof] æxfd|f] kf6L{sf] xfn} ;DkGg s]Gb|Lo
;ldltsf] j}7sdf kf6L{leq ;+u7gfTds z'l4s/0f /
sfo{z}nLdf ;'wf/ cGtu{t sfd sfo{jfxLdf ljutsf uNtL sdhf]/Lx?af6 lzIff lnb}+
d'VotM hg;d'bfo / ldqzlQmx?;+usf] ;DaGwnfO{ xflb{s, ;hLj / k|uf9 t"Nofpg
ckgfpg' kg]{ ljleGg k|fjwfgx? lglZrt ul/Psf] 5 . kf6L{leqsf unt k|j[lt lj?4
;}4flGts Jofjxfl/s ;+3if{ rnfpg] ;d]t of]hgf jg]sf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf xfdL
ldqzlQmx?;“u ;DjGw lj:tf/ ug]{, ljutsf sltko 36gf / sldsdhf]/L ;Rrfpg] Pj+
cfufdL lbgdf To;k|sf/sf] cj:yf bf]xl/g glbg k|ltj4 5f}+ . xfdL o'4sf] cToGt}
hl6n / ;+j]bgzLn cj:yf j'lemlbg' x'g ;j}df cfu|x ub{5f}+ . o'4sf] cj:yfnfO{
zflGtsfndf h:tf] cToGt} ;kmfdfq} x'g' kg]{ / Pp6f klg uNtL gx'g] eg]/ a'lemlbg'
ePg eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfUb5 . dfgf} oxf“ b'O j6f kIf o'4sf] eLif0f df]rf{df 5g\ . hLjgd/0fsf]
n8fO{ eO/x]sf] of] cj:yfdf t];|f] kIfsf] ;+nUgtf o'4df gx'g ;S5 t/ p;n] d t6:y
5', To;}n] oxf“ o'4 ge} zflGtk"0f{ cl:tTj dfq} 5 eGg] kf6f] dfq} a'em\g] /
xfdLnfO{ xfd|f] ;z:q o'4 ug]{ gLltd} kl/jt{g u/ eGg vf]Hg' sxf“;Dd plrt x'G5
<Æ
ju{ b'Zdgjf6 ePsf] of] cToGt} lgd{d / h3Go xTofsf] 36gfnfO{ xfd|f] kf6L{n] lgs} uDeL/tfk"j{s lnPsf] 5 . xfd|f]] kf6L{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_k"jL{ s]Gb|Lo sdfg pxf“x?sf] uf}/jk"0f{ Pj+ dxfg\ zxfbtk|lt pRr ;Ddfg JoQm ub}{ zf]sfs'n kf6L{ k+lQm Pj+ ;lxb kl/jf/hgdf ulx/f] xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5 / pxf“x?nfO{ dxfg\ ;lxb 3f]if0ff ub{5 . pQm x[bo ljbf/s xTofsf] o'4 d}bfgjf6} plrt jbnf lng] k|0f ;d]t ub{5f}+} .
b'Zdgsf] o:tf] sfo/tfk"0f{ xTofsf] lj?4 ;zQm ?kdf k|lt/f]w ;+3if{ cl3 a9fpg xfdL tdfd b]zeQm, hgjfbL, jfdkGyL ;lxt ;a} Gofok|]dL hg;d'bfo;‘u ljz]if cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . pQm jLeT; xTofsf08lj?4 xfd|f] kf6L{sf] k"jL{ s]Gb|Lo sdf08åf/f oxL efb| @$ ut]b]lv c;f]h !! ut];Dd k"jL{ sdf08e/ e08fkmf]/ / >4fGhnL ;ef tyf cfufdL c;f]h !@ / !# ut] k"jL{ s]Gb|Lo sdf08-d]rL, sf]zL, ;u/dfyf, hgsk'/, jfudtL / gf/fo0fL_ aGb sfo{qmd /flvPsf] 5 . aGbsf] qmddf k"j{ d]rLb]lv sf7df8f}+ pkTosf / dsjfgk'/;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{ e"efux?df oftfoft, snsf/vfgf, pBf]u Joj;fo, lzIf0f;+:yf, jhf/, sfof{nonufot k"0f{?kdf aGb u/L 3f]lift ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx? k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;kmn t'Nofpg xfdL ;j} tx / tKsfsf ;Dk"0f{ ;d'bfodf xflb{s cfu|x ub{5f}+ .Æ
efb| @) ut] lbp;f] !@ jh] wG;jf/ Onfsfsf] Ps 3/jf6
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pj+ hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf 5}7f} lju|]8 sld;f/
sd/]8 z]/dfg s'+j/-ljzfn_ / kf6L{sf a}slNks s]Gb|Lo ;b:o sd/]8 df]xgrGb|
uf}td-s'df/_ ;lxt ^ hgf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ sAhf u/]/ zfxL ;]gfåf/f r/d oftgfkZrft\
kf;ljs9+un] xTof ul/Psf] lyof] . k|ToIfbzL{x?n] hgfb]znfO{ lbPsf] hfgsf/L
cg';f/ sd/]8 ljzfn;lxt * hgf dfcf]jfbL g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x? wG;jf/ If]qsf] Ps
3/df k'u]/ vfgf vfPsf] nuQ} rf/}lt/jf6 l;len 8«];df cfPsf zfxL ;]gfn] PSsf;L 3/
3]/fp u/]/ g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ sAhf u/]sf lyP . ;f] qmddf z'?d} sd/]8
ljzfnnfO{ uf]nL xfgL 3fOt] jgfOPsf] lyof] eg] # hgf kf6L{ sfo{stf{ / 3/j]6L u/L
$ hgfnfO{ 36gf:ynd} uf]nL xfgL xTof ul/Psf] lyof] . s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ljzfn /
s'df/nfO{ eg] r/d oftgf lbb}+ pRr g]tfx?sf] jf/] jtfpg Pj+ uf]klgotf v'nfpg
k|of; ul/Psf] lyof] . pxf“x?nfO{ nuftf/ # 306f r/d oftgf lbP/ ufp 3'dfOPsf]
s'/f k|ToIfbzL{ ufpn] Pj+ zfxL ;]gfsf] sAhfjf6 pDsg ;kmn # hgf dfcf]jfbL
sfo{stf{n] hgfb]z k|ltlglwnfO{ jtfPsf 5g\ . rsf]{ oftgf lb+bf klg pxf“x?jf6
s'g} s'/f gvf]lnP kl5 jLeT; xTof ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm xTofdf ;fdGtL /fhf
1fg]Gb|n] k|ToIf lgb]{zg lbPsf] s'/f hgfb]znfO{ k|fKt ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf] 5 .
s~rgk'/ sf/fuf/df /fhjGbLx?åf/f
P]ltxfl;s h]n j|]s
jL; /fhjGbLx? ;s';n kf6L{
;Dks{df k'Ug ;kmn
dx]Gb|gu/÷s~rgk'/sf] h]ndf
/x]sf dfcf]jfbL cf:yfsf /fhjGbLx?n] P]ltxfl;s h]nj|]s u/]/ kf6L{ ;Dks{df k'Ug
;kmn ePsf 5g\ . oxL ebf} @^ ut] ;f“em ( jh] h]nsf] kvf{n eTsfP/ /fhjGbLx?n]
P]ltxfl;s h]n j|]s u/]sf x'g\ .
h]nj|]ss} qmddf /fhjGbL /fdaxfb'/ rf}w/Ln] pRr zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] 5 eg] cGo @) hgf /fhjGbL tyf s]xL k|x/L kf6L{ ;Dks{df k'u]sf] ;dfrf/ 5 . k|x/Ln] cfkm\gf] xltof/ klg dfcf]jfbL kf6L{df nu]/ a'emfPsf] k|fKt ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf] 5 .
k'/fgf]
;Qfsf] jlnof] ;'/Iffl:ylt ePsf] s~rgk'/sf] h]njf6} jGbL cj:yfdf /x]sf ;j}
/fhjGbLx?n] h]n j|]s u/L d'Qm x'g'n] k'/fgf] ;Qfdfly 7"n} k|xf/ ePsf] 5 .
:d/0fLo 5, o;cl3 o;cl3 uf]/vf h]nsf ^ hgf dlxnfx? /fhjGbLx?, ;'v]{t h]nsf @
bh{geGbf a9L /fhjGbLx? Pj+ s+rgk'/ lx/f;tdf /flvPsf Ps bh{g a9L dfcf]jfbL
sfo{stf{x?n] h]nj|]s P]ltxfl;s h]nj|]s ul/;s]sf 5g\ .
lj/f6gu/ . oxL
ebf} @% / @^ ut] lj/f6gu/df g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo ;fwf/0f;ef ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 . dxf;+3sf ;efklt tf/fgfy bfxfnsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg s]Gb|Lo
;fwf/0f;efdf dxf;lrj lji0f' lgi7'/L, sf]iffWoIf lzj ufp+n]åf/f k|:t't
k|ltj]bgx? aGb;qn] 5nkmnkZrft\ ;j{;Ddt cg'df]bg u/]sf] lyof] . bf];|f] lbgsf]
aGb;qdf pk;efklt jb|Lljgf]b k|lts, k"j{ ;efklt xl/x/ lj/xL, ;lrj dx]Gb|
lji6, jl/i7 kqsf/ ;f]dgfy l3ld/], s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lgd{nf zdf{ / /fde/f]; sfkl8åf/f
^ j6f sfo{kqx? klg k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] .
;fwf/0f ;efdf g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_sf s]Gb|Lo k|jQmf s[i0fjxfb'/ dx/fn] dxf;+3nfO{ ;+jf]wg u/]/ n]v]sf] kq pk;efklt uf]kfn a'9fyf]sLn] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ljgf]b 9'+u]nåf/f k|:t't @# ;"qLo ;d;fdlos k|:tfj kfl/t ub}{ ;fwf/0f;ef ;dfKt ePsf] lyof] .
kqsf/ dxf;+3nfO{ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_sf] kq
;efklt Ho"
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3, s]Gb|Lo
;ldlt
ljifoM hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] jf/]
g]kfn
kqsf/ dxf;+3, s]Gb|Lo ;ldltåf/f k|]; :jtGqtf ;DjGwdf xfd|f] kf6L{sf] gLlt /
k|ltj4tf ;fj{hlgs ug{ cfu|x ub}{ p7fOPsf ljleGg ljifox?df xfd|f] kf6L{sf] u+eL/
Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 . dxf;+3n] p7fPsf ;j} ljifox?k|lt kf6L{ ;sf/fTds /x]sf]
hfgsf/L u/fpb5f}+ .
g]kfndf ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 ;+rflnt
Gofok"0f{ o'4sf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] xfd|f] kf6L{n] eLif0f u[xo'4sf] jt{dfg
cj:yfdf klg k|]; :jtGqtfk|lt pRr ;DDffg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{n] hgtfsf
;j} k|sf/sf df}lns tyf /fhg}lts clwsf/x?sf] k"0f{ k|Tofe"lt ug'{sf
;fy} jfs tyf k|]; :jtGqtfsf] ;d]t k"0f{ Uof/]06L ug]{ gLlt clVtof/ u/]sf]
s'/f oxf“x?nfO{ cjut g} 5 . hg;d'bfodfly ;fdGtL ;}Go ;Qfsf] cEof; ul//x]sf]
k'/fgf] ;Qfjf6 jf:tljs cy{df k|]; :jtGqtfsf] Uof/]06L x'g g;Sg] tyf hgtfåf/f
lgld{t gof“ ;Qfjf6 dfq} jf:tljs k|]; :jtGqtfsf] /Iff, ljsf; / ;Ddfg x'G5 eGg] s'/fdf
xfd|f] b[9 ljZjf; 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{n] k|]; :jtGqtf / ;"rgfsf] xsh:tf
s'/fnfO{ ;jf]{k/L dxTj lbb}+ cfnf]rgfTds k|];nfO{ ;+:yfut u/]/ dfq} jf:tljs
k|]; :jtGqtfsf] Uof/]06L ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbb}+ cfPsf] 5 .
s]xL lbg cl3 ePsf] kqsf/ 8]s]Gb| yfkfsf] 36gf ;DjGwdf pQm
36gf xfd|f] kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo gLlt / lgb]{zg ljkl/t ePsf] s'/f :ki6 ub}{
kf6L{sf] tkm{jf6 ;fj{hlgs cfTdfnf]rgf;lxt cfufdL lbgdf o:tf 36gf x'g glbg]
k|ltj4tf;d]t JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . xfn xfd|f] kf6L{n] kf6L{sf] gLlt ljkl/t :yfgLo
lgsfojf6 ePsf] pQm 36gf ;DjGwdf u+eL/?kn] yk cg';Gwfg k|lqmof ;d]t cl3
a9fO/x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L kf6L{sf tNnf lgsfox?nfO{ y'gfdf s'g} kqsf/x?nfO{
/flvPsf] eP tTsfn l/xf ug{, k|]; :jtGqtfdfly s'g} klg lsl;dsf] jfwf / cj/f]w
gk'/\ofpg Pj+ kqsf/x?nfO{ s'g} k|sf/n] gwDSofpg;d]t lgb]{zg lbOPsf] 5 . h'g;'s}
cf:yf / ljrf/sf kqsf/x? eP klg pgLx?dfly s'g} klg k|sf/sf] ef}lts Pj+ dfgl;s
sf/jfxL gug]{ xfd|f] :ki6 gLlt /x]sf] s'/f;d]t :ki6 ug{ rfxfG5f}+ . ;fy} cfh
sltko o'4u|:t If]qx?df k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;'/IffsdL{x?n] cfkm"x?nfO{ kqsf/ /
dfgjclwsf/jfbL ePsf] jtfpb}+ hgtf / sfo{stf{x?sf] xTof ub}{ lx8]sf] ;d]t
kfOPsf]n] xfdL kqsf/ ldqx?nfO{ clxn]sf] eLif0f u[xo'4sf] hl6n ;+j]bgzLntfsf]
l:yltnfO{ Vofn ub}{ lt Onfsfx?df hfg'k"j{ xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ hfgsf/L
u/fOlbg' x'g klg ljgd| cg'/f]w ub{5f} .
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] p7fPsf ljifox?df cfk;L ;+jfb /
5nkmnsf] k|lqmofjf6 ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ xfd|f] kf6L{ tTk/ 5 . kqsf/ ;d'bfo;“usf]
;+jfb / ;xdltdf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ xfd|f] k|oTgk|lt dxf;+3 ;d]t ;sf/fTds /xg]5
eGg] ljZjf; lnPsf 5f}+ .
wGojfb
ldlt @)^! efb| @% ut]
s[i0fjxfb'/ dx/f
k|jQmf
g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_
s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt
ljz]if sfo{bnåf/f pkTosfdf ePsf sf/jfxLsf] lhDdf
sf7df8f}+÷ hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn, pkTosf ljz]if sfo{bnsf
sdf08/ s=leif0fn] lxhf] Ps jQmJo hf/L ub}{ xfn} sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf ePsf ljleGg
sf/jfxLx?sf] lhDd]jd/L lng' ePsf] 5 . pxf“n] hf/L ug'{ ePsf] jQmJo o; k|sf/ 5 .
æhgd'lQm
;]gf, g]kfn pkTosf ljz]if sfo{bnn] oxL @)^! efb| & ut] eQmk'/
;"o{ljgfos hn pTkGg k|sf]k lgoGq0f l8lehg $ g+ ejgdf jd ljikmf]6g u/fO{
Wj:t u/fPsf]] 5 . ebf} !@ ut] sf7df8f}+sf] gof“ a;kfs{df lbgsf] %M#) ah]
oftfoft dhb'/nfO{ cgfjZos b'Mv lbg] 6«flkms k|x/L gfoj lg/LIfs /fhs'df/ >]i7
/ 6«flkms ;xfos lgl/Ifs s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{ dfly cfqmd0f ubf{ k|x/L gfoj
lgl/Ifssf] 36gf:ynd} d[To' ePsf] / gLhsf] ;fydf /x]sf] Ps yfg rfOlgh k]:tf]n,
!yfg ;~rf/ ;]6 hgd'lQm ;]gfn] sAhf u/]sf] 5 . )^! ebf} @& ut] sf7df8f}
afg]Zj/ zflGtgu/ ltgs'g] afudtL k'ndf cf]kg PDj';df kl/ tLg hgf k|x/L hjfg
3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfnfO{ 6fu]{6 u/]/ kfg]{ nIosf ;fy lbgsf] #M#)
ah] PDj'; /flvPsf] hfgsf/L zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfnfO{ u/fOPsf] lyof] . ;f] PDj';
/flvPsf] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf ;'/IffsdL{nfO{ yfxf x'“bfx'b} klg ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ dfgj
9fnsf] ?kdf k|of]u ug]{ zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] lgotsf sf/0f ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ;hu
gu/fOPsf] kmn:j?k ;j{;fwf/0f 3fOt] x'g'n] pgLx?sf] u}X lhDj]jf/L kg /
gfnfolskgsf] k|i6 ?kdf k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 . cd]l/sL ;]gfnfO{ cf]kg PDj';df kfg]{
nIo x'“bf x'b} klg ;j{;fwf/0f 3fOt] ePsf]df pkTosf ljz]if sfo{bn b'Mv JoSt ub{5
/ 3fOt] ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;L3| :jf:Yo nfesf] sfdgf ub{5 . ;fy} ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ zfxL
cd]l/sL ;]gf glhs glx8\g, pgLx? r9]sf ;jf/L ;fwgdf gr9g tyf ;+u} gj:g klg ljgd|
cg'/f]w ub{5f} .Æ
j]lNhodl:yt g]kfnL /fhb'tfjf;df
lj/f]w k|bz{g
ut ;]K6]Dj/ * tfl/vdf g]kfnLx?sf] ;+u7g g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn d+r, j]lNhodsf] cfof]hgfdf g]kfnsf] jt{dfg ;fdGtL /fHo;Qf4f/f ;[lht cj:yfn] jx';+Vos g]kfnL o'jfx?nfO{ /f]huf/sf] nflu ljb]zLg' kg]{ jfWotf ePsf] / s]xL g]kfnLx?nfO{ g]kfnL dfgj t:s/ tyf bnfnx?n] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbåf/f o'4u|:t agfOPsf] O/fsdf k'¥ofOPsf jfx| hgf lgbf]{if g]kfnLx?sf] ut #! cui6df O:nflds cltjfbLx?åf/f ljeT; kfzljs xTof ul/Psf] ;fy} xTofk"j{ jGbL agfOPsf lt lgbf]{if g]kfnL gful/sx?sf] l/xfOdf jt{dfg ;fdGtL ;Qfn] b]vfPsf] csd{0otf tyf nfkjf{xLsf] lj/f]wdf j|;]N;l:yt zfxL g]kfnL /fhb'tfjf; cufl8 lbp“;f] b'O{ ah] ;of}+ g]kfnLx?sf] pkl:yltdf lj/f]w sfo{s|d ;DkGg u/]sf 5g\ . lj/f]w sfo{qmd, xTof ul/Psf g]kfnLx?sf] zf]sdf Psldg6 df}gwf/0f u/L z'? ul/Psf] lyof] .
lj/f]w
sfo{qmddf O/fsdf O:nflds cltjfbLx?4f/f g]kfnLx?nfO{ ul/Psf] kfzljs
xTofsf]—eT;{gf u/f}+, ;fdGtL /fhtGq—d"bf{jfb, cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb—d"bf{jfb,
k|wfgdGqL z]/ jxfb'/ b]pjf—/fhLgfdf u/, /fHo cft+s—jGb u/, ljb]zdf /x]sf
g]kfnLx?sf] hLjg ;'/Iffsf]—Uof/]G6L u/, ljZjsf pTkLl8t hgtf—Ps xf}+ tyf
g]kfnsf] hgjfbL cfGbf]ng—lhGbfjfb h:tf gf/fn] g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf;sf] kl/;/
3lGsPsf] lyof] .
pQm lj/f]w
sfo{qmdsf] z'?jft d+rsf cWoIf ;'/]Gb| e';fnn] 5f]6f] dGtJo /fVg'sf] ;fy} d+rsf]
tkm{af6 tof/ kfl/Psf] lj/f]wkq k9]/ ;'gfO /fhb'tfjf;nfO{ j'emfOPsf]
lyof] . cfkmgf] dGtJosf] qmddf g]kfnsf] of] ;fdGtL /fHoJoj:yfjf6 g]kfnL
o'jfzlQmnfO{ knfog u/fpg] if8oGq ePsf] :ki6 kfg'{eof] . To;}u/L d+rsf ;b:o
gf/fo0f ;fksf]6fn] cd]l/sL j]nfotL ;fd|fHojfb / ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf] e/df
l6s]sf] jt{dfg ;fdGtL /fHo;Qfsf] cGt gu/];Dd o:tf b'Mvb 36gfx? af/Djf/
bf]xl//xg] x'gfn] xfdL cfd g]kfnL hgtf ca gof+ hgjfbL qmflGt ;kmn kfg{ cl3
j9g'kg]{ s'/f /fVg'eof] ;fy} d+rsf n'e]g If]qLo cWoIf bfdf]b/ cfrfo{n] O/fsdf
g]kfnLx?sf] ljeT; xTofn] ljb]zdf /x]sf ;j} g]kfnLnfO{ :tJw jgfPsf] / o:tf]
cj:yfsf] ;[hgf jt{dfg ;fdGtL /fHo;Qfn] u/fPsf] / o;sf] cGTon] g]kfnL hgtfn]
cfÎgf] efUosf] km};nf cfkm}+n] ug{ kfpg] dGtJo /fVg'eof] .
lj/f]w
sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf d+rsf dxf;lrj s[i0f ltjf/Ln] d+rn] /fv]sf] sfo{qmdx?df g]kfnL
;fyLx?n] /fd|f] ;xeflutf hgfpg' ePsf] s'/fn] ljb]zdf ePklg g]kfnLx? cfkmgf]
b]zsf] 36gf;+u ;/f]sf/ /fVg' Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ xf] eGg'eof] . cGtdf
d+rsf cWoIf ;'/]Gb| e';fnn] o'/f]k h:tf] clt Jo:t 7fp+df klg ;fyLx?n] ;do
lgsfn]/ lj/f]w k|bz{g sfo{sddf efulng' e} sfo{qmd ;kmn kfl/lbg' ePsf]df wGojfb
lb+b} lj/f]w sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg ug{'eof] . pQm lj/f]w sfo{qmdsf] ;ef ;+rfng
d+rsf ;b:o /fdjxfb'/ u'?ªn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbåf/f k6gfdf
b'O{ dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ kqmfp
g]kfndf
;fdGtL /fhtGqfTds Joj:yfsf] cGTo u/L hgu0ftGqsf] :yfkgfy{ ;+rflnt hgqmflGtsf
lj?4 r/d bdg ug{ g]kfnsf] ;}Go ;QfnfO{ ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbn]
oxL ebf} @# ut] ljxfg * jh] k6gfdf dfcf]jfbLsf b'O{ sfo{stf{nfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] 5
. g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ k"jL{ s]Gb|Lo sdf08 sfof{noaf6 k|fKt hfgsf/L cg';f/
ef/tLo k|x/Låf/f kl5Nnf] k6s kqmfp ul/Psf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{x?df PjLGb|
k/fh'nL-/fhg_ / /fdjfj' rf}w/L-cleif]s_ x'g'x'G5 .
sdf08 sfof{non] lbPsf] hfgsf/L
cg';f/ cf}ifwL pkrf/ ug]{ l;nl;nfdf hf“b}} ubf{ lx+l8/x]s} a]nf ebf} @# ut]
laxfg pxf“x?nfO{ k6gfdf kqmfp ul/Psf] xf] . t/ ef/tLo k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/]sf] 36gf
b'O{ lbg;Dd k'/} n'sfP/ @% ut] ;f“em dfq} kqmfp u/]sf] eGb} k|fof]lht ;dfrf/
lbPsf] lyof] . k|x/Ln] jxf“x?sf] ;fyaf6 pkrf/ ug{ nu]sf] ;jf Psnfv /sd;d]t
n'6]/ To;af/] pNn]v gu/L cGo ;fdfgx? j/fdb ePsf] eGg] sfNklgs vj/ k|;f/0f
u/]sf] lyof] .
g]kfn / ef/t b'j} b]zsf gful/s Ps
csf]{ b]zdf v'Nnf ?kdf lx+88'n ug{ kfpg] k|fjwfg lj?4 ef/tLo k|x/Ln] g]kfnL
gful/sx?nfO{ u}/sfg'gL?kdf kqmfp ug]{ sfo{ tLj| kf/]sf]df ef/tLo zfifsx?lj?4
Jofks hgcfqmf]z a9]sf] 5 . ef/tLo k|x/Ln] kqmfp k/]sf] @$ 306fleq} cbfntdf k]z
ug'{kg]{ cfÎg} sfg'g ;d]tnfO{ nTofP/ kqmfp u/]sf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ em'7\7f d'2f
nufpg tof/L ul//x]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 .
cfkm"nfO{ nf]stflGqs jtfpg]
ef/t ;/sf/sf] o; lsl;dsf] sfo{n] :jfledfgL ef/tLo hgtf Pj+ g]kfnL hg;d'bfonfO{
cfqmf]lzt jgfPsf] 5 . :d/0fLo 5, o;cl3 ef/tn] kqmfp u/L ef/tsf ljleGg h]ndf
/fv]sf dfcf]jfbL :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o df]xg j}w, kf]ln6Jo"/f] ;b:ox? ;LkL
uh'/]n, s'nk|;fb s];L;lxt Ps bh{g a9L g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?sf] l/xfOsf] nflu
ljZje/ cfjfh p7bf klg l/xf u/]sf 5}g . g]kfnL hgqmflGtsf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf
of]4fx?sf] ef/tn] u/]sf] lu/Îtf/L lj?4 ;zQm cfGbf]ng cl3 a9fpg Jofks cfjfh
pl7/x]sf] 5 .
tfKn]h'¨sf va/x?
ls/ft :jfot uf=h=;=3f]if0ff ;ef
;DkGg
k'/fgf]
lg/+s'z ;Qfsf] lj?4 cfd hg;d'bfonfO{ ;z:q ljb|f]xdf p7g cfx\jfg ub{} % g+
Pl/ofdf qmdzM c;f/ !% / !* ut] Ovfn' / tkyf]s ls/ft :jfot hg;/sf/sf] 3f]if0ff
sfo{qmd >L ;]jfn'ª lg=df=lj=/ tfk]yf]ssf] >L eujtL lg=df=lj=sf] k|fª0fdf
;of}+ hgtfsf] pkl:yltdf xiff]{pNnf;do jtfj/0fdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
dxfg\
zxLbx?k|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} ljleÌ Wjfhf Aofg/x?n]
;lh–;hfpsf] ;fy Pl/of hg;f“:s[lts snfsf/x?af6 ls/ftL ;“:s[lt emlNsg] uLt /
g[Ton] sfo{qmd ;ef u'~hfodfg ePsf] pQm ;df/f]xdf pkl:yt hg;d'bfonfO{ ;Daf]wg
ub}{ k|d'v cltly s=t:jL/n]–æof] ls/ft :jfot hg;/sf/ s'g} hflt ljz]ifsf] dfq
;/sf/ xf]Og of] ;a} ju{, hflt, If]qsf] ;fd"lxs ;/sf/ xf] . xfdL k"0f{?kdf
s]Gb|Lo ;Qf / hgtfsf] hgjfbL Jofj:yf gcfpGh]n;Dd lg/Gt/ nl8/xg] xf]Æ eGb}
/fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o l:ylt cg's'n /x]sf] l:yltdf ca l9nf] ug{gx'g] s'/f atfpg'
eof] . pQm sfo{sddf 3f]if0ff ;efdf :yfgLo ;fdGt Ovfj'–% dl0f nfj'ªsf]
3/–hfoh]yf kf6L{s/0f ePsf] ;fj{hflgs u/fp“b} To;df >L kg/fh lg=df=lj= /x]sf]
hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . Ovfn' uf=h=;= ljsf; nfj'Ë k|d'v / OGb| s= dfj]xfË
pkk|d'v /x]sf] !( ;b:oLo / tfk]yf]s 6'uf]l;+x km]Dj' k|d'v / z]/ a=dfªd'sf]
pk–k|d'vdf !& ;b:oLo ufp“hg;/sf/ rog ePsf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmddf % g+ Pl/of
;]qm]6/L s=;'lbk cg]/f:jljo"-qmflGtsf/L_ lhNnf ;b:o s=clgn, ls=/f=df]=
lhNnf ;b:o s=/fh]Gb|, c=g]=ls=;+3 Pl/of ;+of]hs s=dx]Gb|, c=g]=d=;+3 Pl/of ;lrj
s=sf]lknf, z]=d'=sL=s=tf/fn] uf=h=;=sf] gj lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwnfO{ z'esfdgf lbg'
ePsf] lyof] .
3f]if0ff
;efdf ljleÌ ufp“af6, gf/f h'n'z;lxt hg;d'bfosf] pkl:ylt lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf
dxfg\ zxLb kl/jf/nfO{ cjL/ dfnfn] :jfut ul/Psf] lyof] . jL/ zxLbx?sf] k|ltkmnn]
hgtfdf yk cfTdfann] ljZjf; / uf}/j j[l4 u/fO hftLo / If]qLo :jzf;gsf] nflu
kxnsbdLnfO{ ;'b[9 agfPsf] dxz'; ePsf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmddf :jfut dGtJo s=/fh'n]
ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmddf ;+~rfng Pl/of ;b:o s=cd[tfn] ug'{ePsf] pQm
3f]if0ff;efsf] cGTokZrft\ uf=h=;=sf] a}7s klg ;DkÌ ePsf] 5 . d's]zaf6
gof“ hg;Qfn] ko{6s;+u k|ltJolQm
kf“rxhf/ s/ lng] 3f]if0ff
cfwf/e"t
/fhg}lts tyf hg;Qf ;+rfng ;DalGw tfKn]h'Ëdf k|lzIf0f lbg] qmddf g]kfn cfpg]
ljb]zL ko{6sx?nfO{ k|lt JolQm kfFrxhf/sf] b/n] s/ lng] 3f]if0ff ;+o'Qm
qmflGtsf/L hgkl/ifb g]kfnsf s]lGb|o ;b:on] sd/]8 jfz' zfSon] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
;fy} pxfFn] N.G.O. I.N.G.O. nfO{ x]g{] b[li6sf]0fnfO{ ;d]t :ki6 kfg'{ eof] .
cfkm\gf] ks8sf Onfsfdf :yflkt hg;/sf/sf] gLlt lgod cGt/u{t /x]/ lt ;:yfx?
;+rfng ug{ kfpg] s'/fnfO{ :ki6 kfl/of] .
hg;/sf/åf/f k|fs[lts
lrlsT;fnosf] :yfkgf
tfKn]h'ª
ls/ft hgu0ftGq ;/sf/n] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ k'/fgf] ;Qfn] gful/sx?nfO{ Go'gtd
;'ljwfx? ;d]t lbg g;ls/x]sf] cj:yfdf :jf:Yf h:tf] clgjfo{ / ;Dj]bgzLn ;'ljwfaf6
hgtfx? jlGrt eO/x]sf 5g\ . ls/ft hgu0fgGq ;/sf/ tfKn]h'ª hg:jf:Yo ljefun] ljs6
kxf8L efudf kfOg] hl8a'6Lx?nfO{ ;fdfGo k|;f]wg ul/ To;af6 :j:Yo ;]jfaf6 alGrt
hgtfnfO{ ;]jf k|bfg ug{] ePsf] 5 . o;af6 ljs6 kxf8L lhNnf tfKn]h'ªaf;L hg;d'bfo
nfeflGjt x'g\] ljZjf; lnOPsf] 5 . o'4 ;+jfbftf s=ldng
j;Gt axfb'/ :d[lt hgkl/ifb
cleofg
zxLb sd/]8x?
j;Gt / axfb'/sf] gfddf j;Gt axfb'/ :d[lt hgkl/ifb cleofg eJotfsf ;fy rln/x]sf]
5 . ;f] cleofgdf hgkl/rfng / k|ToIf Pl/of kf6L{sf] pkl:yltdf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf
sfdx? eO/x]sf 5g\ . ;fy} k|ToIf hgtf;“u ljrf/ uf]i7L, 5nkmn Jofks ?kdf eO/x]s]f
5 / zxLb kl/jf/, k"0f{sfnLg sfo[stf{sf kl/jf/, a]kQf kfl/Psf gful/ssf
kl/jf/x?df k|ToIf e]63f6 / 5nkmn sfo{qmd rln/x]sf] 5 ;fy} ufp“ hg;/sf/x?sf]
3f]if0ff x'g] qmd klg lg/Gt/ rln/x]sf] 5 / ;f] cleofgsf] g]t[Tj eg] tfKn]h'ª
lhNnfsf] ;]qm]6/L sd/]8 k|ldnfn]
ul//xg' ePs]f 5 . o'4 ;Djfbbftf /0fl;+x
a'låhLljx?;“u
cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd
lhNnfsf] # g+ Pl/of ;fgyfqmf, lyªnfa'ª, 9'Ë];f“w', ;f“u', kmfs'Daf u/L kf“rj6f uf=h=;sf lzIfs / a'l4hLljx?aLr # ut] gf/fo0f df=lj=;f“u'sf] k|fªu0fdf …Oltxf;sf] cg'ej / jt{dfg kl/l:yltnfO d'Nofªsg ub}{ /fhg}lts cu|ufdL lgsf;Ú ljifodf cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
pQm sfo{qmdsf]
;~rfng s=;fhgn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] / sfo{qmdsf] ;efklt s=;+ud x'g'x'GYof] .
sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltlydf s=/fd / lhNnf hg;/sf/ pkk|d'v v]nk|;fb a'9fIf]qL ;fy} #
g+ Pl/ofsf Pl/of OGrfh{ s=lj? / s=;'lbk cltlysf] ?kdf pkl:yt x'g'x'GYof] . pQm
sfo{qmddf lzIfs / a'låhLljx? dGtJo /fVb}
xfnsf] cj:yfsf] lgsf; ;+ljwfg;ef g} ePsf] /fo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .
leQ] klqsf k|sfzg
kf“ry/÷g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
lhNnf ;+u7g ;ldlt kf“ry/ sfof{no k|sfzg ljefun] ls/ftsf] P]ltxfl;s 7fp“ ;Ddxfn'ª
gfds leQ] klqsf k|sfzg u/]sf] 5 . h;df hftLo, efiff ;DaGwL hgjfbL uLt, sljtf,
;d;fdlos :yfgLo ;dfrf/ ;d]l6Psf] 5 . klqsfn] ls/ftL hg;d'bfonfO{ pT;flxt
agfPsf] 5 . kf7sx?n] klqsfsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] nflu k|sfzs d08n ;Ifd x'g'kg{] s'/fdf
hf]8 lbPsf5g\ . ;do / kl/l:ylt cg'?k o;nfO{ :t/Lo agfpg] / kl/dfh{g ub{} nlug]
s'/f lhNnfdf sfo{/t kqsf/ s=bof atfpg' xG5 .
lhNnf–lhNnfdf k|lzIf0fsf] nx/
O6x/L÷g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ tfKn]h'ª lhNnf
;+u7g ;ldltn] lhNnf :t/Lo k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . !,@, #, $, % / ^
g+= Pl/ofsf] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd lhNnfsf] df]8]n Pl/ofsf] ;f“jf uf=h=;=df >fj0f
@*, @( / #) ut] tLg lbg;Dd ;~rfng ePsf] lyof] . otf sfj]nL vf]nf cGt{ut kg]{
&, *, ( / !) g+= Pl/ofsf] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd v]jfª uf=h=;=sf] >Lu0f]z
df=lj=df ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . leGbfleGb} 7fp“df ePsf] b'j} sfo{qmd ls/ft /fli6«o
d'lQm df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf tyf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ eQm/fh
sGbªjfsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . k|d'v cltly sGbª\jfn] hft, hflt,
efiff, lnlk, snf, ;flxTosf] vf]hL ljsf; / lj:tf/sf] ljifodf k|lzIfyL{x?nfO{
k|lzIf0f lbg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf k|d'v k|lzIfs ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L
hgkl/ifbsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s=bz{gn] ;Qf ;~rfng / ;'b[9Ls/0f af/] Jojxfl;s k|lzIf0f
lbg' ePsf] lyof] . To:t} cGo k|lzIfsx?df !*cf}+ a6flnog sld;f/ s=a;Gtn] kf6L{sf
lg0f{ox?, k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/L / /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltsf] af/]df
dxTjk"0f{ k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . wgs'6f lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=;'bz{gn]
/fhg}lts cy{zf:q / j}1flgs ;dfhjfb af/], !(cf}+ a6flnog sld;f/ s=;Gb]zn] ;}Go
lj1fg ljifodf, c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf nIdL d'8e/Ln] dlxnf d'lQm
cfGbf]ngsf] ljifodf / kf“ry/ lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=df};dn] ljZj tyf g]kfnL sDo'lgi6
cfGbf]ngsf] ljifodf k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ k|lzIf0f lbg' ePsf] lyof] . b'O{ 7fp“df
ePsf] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf Ps xhf/eGbf a9L ;+Vofdf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?n] efu
lnPsf lyP . k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg tLg hf]8Lsf] hgjfbL ljjfx klg ;DkGg ePsf]
lyof] . gjljjflxtf bDktLnfO{ ‘P’ sDkgL sld;f/ s=zLvfn] awfO{ lbg' ePsf] lyof] .
lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=kld{nfsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmd >fj0f @( ut] pb\3f6g eO{
efb| $ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
tfKn]h'·s} Ps csf]{ ;dfrf/ cg';f/ >fj0f #! ut] ;fAnfv'
uf=h=;=df ;Gtf]if Olbª\uf] k|d'v /x]sf] * ;b:oLo ufp“ hg;/sf/ ;ldlt 3f]if0ff
ePsf] 5 . l;+xb]jL k|f=lj=sf] k|f·0fdf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf tfKn]h'· lhNnf ;lrjfno ;b:o s=d's]zn] hg;/sf/ ;ldltnfO{
cfjZos gLlt, sfo{qmdsf] ljifodf k|:6\ofp“b} ;/sf/sf] dxTj / hg;/sf/n] v]Ng'
kg]{ ljifodf dGtJo lbg' ePsf] lyof] . pxf“n] ufp“ hg;/sf/sf ;b:ox?nfO{ km'ndfnf
clj/n] :jfut ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmdsf csf{ cltly g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf ( / !) g+= Pl/of
OGrfh{ s=;ljgn] klg awfO{ lbg' ePsf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmd s=rGb|sf] cWoIftfdf
;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
kf“ry/af6 k|]lift ;dfrf/ cg';f/ kf“ry/ lhNnfdf
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_åf/f ljleGg 7fp“df k|lzIf0f tyf :jf:Yo lzlj/ ;+rfng ePsf 5g\ . k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ efb|
& ut]b]lv ( ut];Dd blIf0fL If]qdf / @) b]lv @@ ;Dd pQ/L If]qdf ;+rflnt
sfo{stf{ k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdx?sf] pb\3f6g k|d'v cltly ls/ft /fli6«o df]rf{sf
s]Gb|Lo cWoIf tyf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ eQm/fh sGbª\jfn] ug'{
ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly sGbª\jfn] hgo'4df hghfltn] v]Ng' kg]{
e"ldsfsf] af/]df k|lzIf0f lbg' ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g kZrft\ k|lzIffyL{x?sf] tkm{af6 Pl/of
;]qm]6/Lx?n] lhNnfdf u/]sf /fhgLlts, kmf}hL, ljsf; lgdf{0f nufotsf sfdsf]
l/kf]l6{· k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . l/kf]l6{·sf] k|:t't kZrft\ !*cf}+ a6flnog
sld;f/ s=a;Gt, !(cf}+ a6flnog sld;f/ s=;Gb]z, c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_s]Gb|Lo
pkfWoIf nIdL d'8e/L, ls/ft :jfoQ hg;/sf/sf ;lrj >L hj]u',
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_kf“ry/ lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=df};d, wgs'6f lhNnf ;]qm]6/L
s=;'bz{g, !(cf}+ a6flnog ‘aL’ sDkgL sld;f/ s=gjLg nufotsf k|lzIfsx?n] cf–cfÇgf]
ljifosf] ljifout k|lzIf0f lbg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] aLraLrdf kmfn]n'·
;f“:s[lts kl/jf/ / d]rL–sf]zL If]qLo ;f“:s[lts kl/jf/n] uLt tyf g[To k|:t't
u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf :jf:Yo lzlj/ rnfO cfd hg;d'bfonfO{ ;d]t lgMz'Ns cf}ifwL
ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . b'j} sfo{qmdsf] cjwL e/ lhNnf Knf6'g / !(cf}+ a6flnog
‘aL’ sDkgLn] s8f ;'/Iff kx/f lbPsf lyP .
kf“ry/ ! / @ g+= Pl/ofsf OGrfh{ s=pd]zn] pQ/L a]N6sf] / ls/ft
:jfoQ hg;/sf/ k|d'v ;"o{jfnf /fO{n] blIf0fL a]N6sf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{
ePsf] lyof] eg] b'j}sf] ;efkltTj g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ kf“ry/ lhNnfsf sfo{jfxs
;]qm]6/L s=g]6js{n] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
wgs'6faf6 k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ >jf0f !& ut] wgs'6f
lhNnfsf] af]w] uf=h=;=df g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] wgs'6f / ;'g;/Lsf sfo{stf{x?nfO{
hg;Qf ;DaGwL k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly
tyf ls/ft :jfoQ u0ftGq ;/sf/sf d'Vo ;lrj >L hj]u'n] hg;Qf ;~rfng ;DaGwL
ljzif k|lzIf0f lbg' ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf csf{ cltly dw]; :jfoQ hg;/sf/ ;b:o tyf c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ sf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /fds'df/L rf}w/Ln] dlxnfx? ca cfÇgf] 3/wGbfsf] ;“f3'/f] 3]/faf6
p7]/ dlxnf d'lQm / qmflGtsf] nflu ;+;f/ xfSg tof/ /x]sf] / @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf
leotgfdL dlxnf aGg tof/ /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . csf{ cltly clvn g]kfn ls;fg ;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf wgs'6f lhNnf hg;/sf/ ;b:o lbnaxfb'/ /fgfdu/n]
ca ls;fgx?n] ;j{xf/f ju{ PseO{ k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfsf] gfOs]nfO{ g]kfnaf6} nv]6\g
cf–cfÇgf] 3/]n' cf}hf/x? lnP/ p7\g' k5{ eGg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf
cltlyx?nfO{ % g+= Pl/of ;b:o u+ufk|;fb /fO{n] Jofh ljt/0f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg]
k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf ;xefuL k|lzIfs / k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ :jfut dGtJo lhNnf ;/sf/
pkk|d'v cfw'lgs b]jfgn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng ;'g;/L
lhNnf ;b:o s'df/ If]qLn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj
wgs'6f lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|d'v l8NnL/fd /fO{n] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . tLg ;oeGbf a9L
k|lzIffyL{x? /x]sf] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf] aLraLrdf l5Gtfª ;f“:s[lts 6f]nLåf/f
g[To tyf uLtx? k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] .
otf t]x|y'daft k|fKt csf]{ ;dfrf/ cg';f/ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
lhNnf ;+u7g ;ldlt t]x|y'dn] 5ft]9'+uf uf=h=;=df xfn} tLg lbg] /fhgLlts k|lzIf0f
lzlj/ ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . pQm k|lzIf0fsf] ;efkltTj t]x|y'd lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=;Hhgn]
ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] k|lzIf0f pb\3f6g k|d'v cltly Pj+ ls/ft d'lQm df]rf{sf
s]Gb|Lo cWoIf s=eQm/fh sGbª\jfn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . k|d'v k|lzIfs Pj+ ;}Go
Jo"/f] ;b:o d]rL–sf]zL ;ftf}+ la|u]8 !( a6flnogsf sld;f/ s=a;Gtn] /fli6«o
cGt/f{li6«o Pj+ k|Tofqmd0fsf] af/]df :ki6 kfg'{ ePsf] lyof] . !(cf}+ a6flnog
sld;f/ s=;Gb]zn] ;}Go lj1fg / hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] sfo{ef/sf] af/]df k|lzIf0f lbg'
ePsf] lyof] . qmflGtsf/L s]Gb|Lo hgkl/ifb ;b:o s=jfz' zfSon] gofF ;Qfsf] :yfkgf
/ To;sf] ;'b[wLs/0fsf] ljifodf k|lzIf0f lbg' ePsf] lyof] . c=g]=d=;+3
-qmflGtsf/L_ s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf nIdL d'8e/Ln] kf6L{ h=j=;=sf ;fy} cfGbf]ngdf
dlxnfx?sf] e"ldsfsf] af/]df k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ k|lzIf0f lbg' ePsf] lyof] .
k|lzIf0fnfO{ ljyf]Ng kf“ry/sf] lkmlbd, ;+v'jf;efsf] vfbjf/L / t]x|y'dsf]
Dofª\n'·af6 zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfn] 3]/f xfn] klg sfo{qmd tLg lbg;Dd ;~rfng ePsf]
lyof] . sfo{qmdkl5 !*cf}+ a6flnog ‘aL’ sDkgL ;b:o s=lgs6 / s=d's]znfO{ lu/Çtf/
u/L ef]nLkN6 5ft]9'+ufdf k'¥ofP/ lgd{d xTof u/]sf lyP .
otf ;+v'jf;efaf6 k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ efb| !) ut] ^ g+=Pl/of
:t/Lo k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd / efb| !# ut] % g+= Pl/of :t/Lo k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 . k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ ;+o'Qm Pl/of OGrf{h s=jiff{ ^ g+= Pl/of ;]qm]6/L
s=l/gf, lhNnf ldlnlzof sdf08/ s=lhj/fh, % g+= Pl/of ;]qm]6/L s=>j0f,
cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_sf cWoIf k"0f{ e'h]nn] k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{
k|lzIf0f lbg' ePsf] lyof] . :d/0f /xf];\ o; lhNnfdf lhNnf :t/Lo k|lzIf0f o;
cufl8 g} ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 .
;Djfbbftf cfw'lgs
b]jfg, clht, lzlz/ / /fhgaf6
slyt ;'/Iff SofDkleq} c;'/Iff
lkmlbd÷kf“ry/ l:yt zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfsf]
Rofһ\yfk' SofDkaf6 ljb|f]x ug]{ lbks a:g]tnfO{ zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfn] g}
lgoGq0fdf lnP/ uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] 5 . uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]kl5 p;n]
dfcf]jfbLn] yfk]sf] ljB'tLo w/fk lj:kmf]6gdf kl/ d[To' ePsf] eGg] em'7f] /
e|fds k|rf/ u/]sf] lyof] . kl/jf/nfO{ ;d]t ;f]xL Joxf]/fsf] kq k7fPsf] yfxf x'g
cfPsf] 5 . zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] ljz]if ;'qn] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ ljb|f]xL
hjfg lbks a:g]tn] Ps yfg Pn=Pd=hL=;lxt ljb|f]x u/L hgd'lQm ;]gfdf a'emfpg]
s'/fsf] klxrfg ePkl5 pgnfO{ dflyNnf] lgsfosf] lgb]{zgdf uf]nL xfgLPsf] lyof] .
otf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ kf“ry/ lhNnfn] klg ;f] 7fp“df s'g} PDj'; gu/]sf]
hgfPsf] 5 .
k6sk6s zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfn] cfGtl/s cGofo / cTofrf/sf] lj/f]w u/L ljb|f]x ug]{ hjfgnfO{ r/d oftgf lbg] / xTof ug]{;Ddsf] s's[To ub}{ cfPsf] ;d]t ;|f]tsf] bfjL 5 . ;|f]tsf cg';f/ zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfn] Rofª\yfk' SofDkdf g} ljb|f]xL hjfg ;Gtf]if a'9fyf]sLsf] uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] lyof] . o;/L ljb|f]xL ;]gfsf] xTof ubf{ ;d]t s'g} s'/f gp7\g'n] cfGtl/s ?kdf 7"nf] ljb|f]x x'g ;Sg] hgfpb} xTofsf] af/]df vf]hljg ul/lbg /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u / cGo /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3 ;+:yf;“u ;|f]tn] cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 . lbgfg' lbg SofDkleq ljb|f]xL hjfgnfO{ cfttfoL oftgf lbg] / xTof;Ddsf 36gfx? x'g yfn]kl5 tNnf bhf{sf slyt ;'/IffsdL{x? cfkm} c;'/lIft x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . bf];|f] k6ssf] o'4 lj/fd e+u eP kZrft\ Rofª\yfk' SofDkaf6 dfq ^ hjfgx?n] ljb|f]x ul/;s]sf 5g\ .
emfkfdf qmflGtsf/L g]tfsf] xTof
rGb|u9L÷ @)^! efb| @@ ut]
lbp;f] !M#) ah] d]rLgu/–* l;h{gf rf]sdf rGb|k|sfz d}gfnLsf] 3/df 6]lnlehg x]/]/
al;/x]sf cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_sf emfkf lhNnf ;ldlt ;b:o ;"o{ vgfn
/ hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn ;ftf}+ la|u]8, !*cf}+ a6flnog, ‘;L’ sDkgL ;b:o
s=/f]xgnfO{ zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfn] l;len
8«];df cfP/ lgoGq0fdf lnO{ ;f]wk'5kl5 3/leq} uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] 5 .
afx'g8f“uL–#, emfkfsf vgfn / zlgZr/]–^ df]/·sf hLjg >]i7 -s=/f]xg_ sf] xTof
ul/;s]kl5 slyt le8Gtdf dfl/Psf] xjfnf lbPsf] lyof] . xTofkl5 cfttoL u'6n]
ufp“nfO{ g} cft+lst kfb}{ 3/wgL rGb|k|sfz d}gfnL, lghsf 5f]/f lbg]z d}gfnL /
;f]xL 3/df kfx'gf cfPsL d'gf g]kfnnfO{ ;d]t
lu/Çtf/ u/L a]kQf agfPsf] 5 . 3/ wgL d}gfnLsL >LdtL 36gfn] ubf{ rf/
lbg;Dd a]xf]; x'g'ePsf] lyof] . otf clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ ;“u jftf{sf] s'/f ug]{ /
csf{lt/ lgoGq0fdf lnP/ Pp6f sfo{stf{sf] xTof ug]{ s'/fsf] ;j{q lj/f]w ePsf] 5 .
xTofkl5 lu/Çtf/ ul/Psf 3/ wgL rGb|k|sfz d}gfnL nufotsfx?sf] hLjg /Iff u/L tTsfn
l/xf ug{ cg'/f]w ub}{ ljleGg dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] lj1lKt k|sflzt u/]sf
5g\ .
ptf df]/·af6 k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ hf“t]df efb| @! ut] Onfd
hf]udfO uf]v]{ 3/ ePsf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ s'df/ uhd]/ -s=c+lst_nfO{ klg zfxL
;]gfsf] xTof/f] hTyfn] sAhfkl5 cdfgjLo
oftgf kZrft\ uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] ;dfrf/ hgljb|f]xnfO{ k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
o;} u/L emfkfs} uf]nwfk6–* af6 efb| !* ut] /ftL ! ah] ;'/Iff
kmf}h gfd u/]sf] zfxL cft+ssf/L hTyfn] /fdk|;fb l3ld/]sf] 3/df kl; l3ld/]nfO{
lu/Çtf/kl5 a]kQf agfPsf] 5 . ;f]xL 7fp“df dfdf 3/df a;L k9g] ljBfyL{ k'ikf
pk|]tLnfO{ klg a]kQf agfOPsf] 5 . emfkfs} /fhu9af6 efb| @# ut] Pdfn] sfo{stf{
s]zj a/fnnfO{ klg lu/Çtf/ u/L a]kQf agfOPsf] 5 .
emfkfaf6 k|fKt csf]{ ;dfrf/ cg';f/ zfxL ;Qfsf] ks8 If]q eg]/ lrlgPsf]
emfkf lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd rGb|u9Laf6 efb| !& ut] ’z'qm’ eg]/ lrlgg] zfxL
;Qfsf] slyt cg';Gwfg ljefusf xjNbf/ /d]z /fhj+zL / efb| !* ut] d]rLgu/–&
af6 kz'klt k|;fb u0f l;Gw'nLdf sfo{/t zfxL cd]l/sL ;}lgs hjfg tf/f vgfnnfO{
lghx?sf 3/af6 g} g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] sAhfdf lnPsf lyP . k|fKt ;dfrf/ cg';f/
b'j}nfO{ !( ut] ;f]wk'5kl5 ;/sf/L hflu/ gvfg] ;t{df kqsf/ tyf
dfgjclwsf/jfbLx?sf] /f]xj/df 5f8]sf lyP .
o;/L ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbL g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ lgoGq0f lnPkl5
lgd{dtfk"j{s xTof ub{5 eg] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf slyt
;'/IffsdL{nfO{ ;f]wk'5kl5 5f8]sf]df cft+ssf/L dfcf]jfbL xf]Og jf:tljs cft+ssf/L
zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gf ePsf] rf]s k;nx?df rrf{ rNg yfn]sf] 5 .
cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_ emfkf lhNnf ;ldltn] lhNnf ;ldlt ;b:o ;"o{ vgfn nufotsf] xTof tyf bdgsf] lj?4df efb| @% ut] emfkf aGbsf] cfx\jfg u/]sf] lyof] . ;Dk"0f{ emfkfjf;Lsf] ;xof]udf @% ut]sf] emfkf aGb k"0f{ ?kdf ;kmn ePsf] cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_sf lhNnf cWoIf /d]z ;'j]bLn] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
Jo:t ;8sdf ljzfn ;ef
kf“ry/÷ latf{df]8, Onfd, lkmlbd x'“b}
ljs6 kxf8L lhNnf tfKn]h'· ;b/d'sfd hf]8g] d]rL c~rnsf] Jo:t ;8ssf] kf“ry/ /f“s]
ahf/df efb| !! ut] g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ kf“ry/ lhNnf ;ldltn] ljzfn hg;efsf]
cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . of] kxf8L Onfsfsf] rlr{t ahf/ xf] . hxf“af6 !@ lsnf]ld6/
6f9f lkmlbd Jof/]s k5{ / 6fj/ ;'/Iffy{ vl6Psf] l;nf}+6L 8f“8fsf] b'Zdgsf] SofDk
klg /f“s]af6 glhs} pQ/k"j{df /x]sf] 5 . sfo{qmdnfO{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
kf“ry/ lhNnf kf6L{sf s=lzlz/n] ;Daf]wg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . To;} u/L kf}jf;f/tfk
uf=h=;=zxLb kl/jf/ cleGbg sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . dxfg\ s=l/hg -jL/]Gb|
g]Djfª_sf] a'af wd{ ljqmd g]Djfª x'g'x'G5 . s=l/hgn] kz'kltgu/ sfjf{xLeGbf
cufl8 cfGtl/s b'3{6gf kl/ zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL 36gfdf Knf6'g
eL=;L=s=kjg klg kg'{ ePsf] lyof] . s=cGof]n -ljZjaGw' g]Djfª_n] tfKn]h'·
v]jf·df zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ljZjaGw'sf] gfddf ;Q/L /f]kgL hUufdf
lrof nufO ^ xhf/ ;Nnf /f]lkPsf] 5 . h'g sfo{df ;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf hg;d'bfo
kl/rflnt lyP . To;} u/L ;b/d'sfd gfsfaGbLnfO{ yk k|jfekfg{ efb| !% ut] lhNnfsf]
csf]{ ahf/ 3'/la;] k~rdLdf kmfol/· h'n'; ul/Psf] 5 . h'n'; #÷$ ;o hg;d'bfo ;lxt
lgj' vf]nfaf6 /f“s]lt/ cfPsf] lyof] . h;af6 b'ZdgL ;]gfdf efubf}8 / xfxfsf/
dRrfPsf] 5 .
o;} u/L of;f]s ahf/df g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ kf“ry/ lhNnf ;+u7g
;ldlt & g+= Pl/ofn] >fj0f @# ut] hg;ef sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . Tof]
hg;efnfO{ Pl/of ;]qm]6/L s=k|sfzn] kf6L{ gLlt, l;4fGt / :yfgLo hg;Qf ;~rfng
;DjGwL cfÇgf dxTjk"0f{ egfO{x? /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .
;+jfbbftf ldngaf6
>4fGhnL ;ef ;DkGg
efb| !( ut] emfkfsf] emfkf ahf/df
s=afafsf] :d[ltdf Ps >4fGhnL ;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf]
cfof]hgfdf ePsf] pQm ;efnfO{ ;Djf]wg ub}{ k|d'v cltly emfkf lhNnf cGt{ut ! g+=
Pl/of ;]qm]6/L s=lbg]zn], æs=afafn] t'R5 JolQmut :jfy{ Pj+ cfTds]lGb|t
k"“hLjfbL ;+:s[ltsf] kmf]xf]/L bnbnaf6 lg:s]/ ljZj ;j{xf/fsf] lglDt cfÇgf]
k|f0f pT;u{ ug'{ ePsf] 5 eGb} of] ;jf]{s[i6 d[To' cfd kf6L{k+lQmsf lglDt ;d]t
k|]/0fbfoL ag]sf]Æ atfpg' eof] . pxf“n] s=afaf nufot ;Dk"0f{ zxLbx?sf]
abnf o'4 d}bfgaf6 n8]/} lng] s'/f ;d]t JoQm ug'{ eof] . ;f]xL ;efnfO{ ;Djf]wg
ub}{ zxLb lktf b]j]Gb| vgfnn], æ5f]/f] cGofo / cTofrf/sf] lj?4df n8\bf n8\b}
zxfbt k|fKt u/]sf]df uf}/jflGjt 5'Æ eGg' eof] . pQm >4fGhnL ;efnfO{ ‘sf]r’sf
s]Gb|Lo cWoIf k"0f{l;+x /fhj+zL / s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ch'{g /fhj+zL,
cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_ emfkf lhNnf cWoIf /d]z ;'j]bL, blnt d'lQm
df]rf{sf emfkf lhNnf ;+of]hs ;'/]z lj=s=, c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ emfkf lhNnf
sf]iffWoIf ;l/tf cf]nL nufotsf jQmfx?n] zxLb s=afafsf lqmofsnfkx?sf] ;Demgf
ub}{ jxfk|lt >4f;'dg JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . s=afaf -led vgfn_n] b]vfPsf]
af6f]df nflu/xg] k|ltj4tf JoQm ub}{ jxf“sf bz hgf ;fyLx?n] ;f]xL sfo{qmdaf6
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{ ag]sf] 3f]if0ff ug'{ ePsf]
lyof] . sfo{qmddf k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{n] ;d]t k|ltj4tf dGtJo JoQm u/]sf lyP
. pQm sfo{qmddf hgd'lQm ;]gf ljz]if sDkgLsf Knf6'g sdf08/ s=afaf -led vgfn_ sf
a'af b]j]Gb| vgfn / cfdf sdnf vgfnnfO{ bf];Nnf cf]9fO ;Ddfg u/]kl5 ;f] k|s[of !
306f;Dd rn]sf] lyof] .
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ ! g+= Pl/of ;b:o s=;/f]hsf] ;efkltTjdf
ePsf] pQm ;efdf ;f]xL Pl/ofsf csf{ ;b:o s=;]jgn] :jfut dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof]
eg] Zofd ;Gyfnn] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] aLr aLrdf
‘;'vfgL–;]tLkfgL’ ;f“:s[lts ;d"xn] ;f“:s[lts snf k|b{zg u/]sf] lyof] .
:d/0f /xf];\ s=afafnfO{ @)^! >fj0f !! ut] df]/·sf] pnf{jf/L @ df zfxL
cd]l/sL ;]gfåf/f sAhf ul/ xTof ul/Psf] lyof] .
emfkfaf6 k|fKt csf]{ ;dfrf/ cg';f/ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] kxn tyf ;+nUgtfdf hg;d'bfosf] >dbfgdf ;'gdfO{af6 zflGtgu/ df=lj=hfg] sl/j $ lsnf]ld6/ sRrL af6f] efb| dlxgfsf] klxnf] xKtfdf lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 eg] efb| @! ut] ;f]daf/ hgtfaf6 s/ gp7fpg] dfcf]jfbLsf] pbL{nfO{ pNn+3g u/L w'nfjf/Lsf] Jo:t ahf/df kz'xf6–s/ sf gfddf s/ p7fO/x]sf] 7fpaf6 lbp“;f] # ah] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf of]4fx?n] ?=@),))) gub sAhf u/]sf lyP . km]l/ klg hgtfaf6 ;f]xL 9+un] s/ p7fOPdf pRr :t/sf] sfjf{xL ul/g] b'O{ g+= Pl/of ;]qm]6/L s=cl;dn] hgljb|f]xnfO{ atfpg' eof] .
xTofsf] :d/0f
Dofª\n'·÷ebf} !# ut] k"jL{ l8lehg
;ftf}+ la|u]8 !*cf}+ a6flnog ‘aL’ sDkgLn] ;flxTo uf]li6 tyf cGtlqm{of sfo{qmd
;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . d]rL–sf]zL ;}Go Jo"/f] ;b:o s=/]vfsf] k|d'v cfltYodf
;DkGg uf]i6L t]x|y'd lhNnfsf] of]ofSh'·df ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . ;flxTos uf]i6LnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ k|d'v
cltly tyf ;}Go If]qLo Jo"/f] ;b:o /]vfn] aufn] xTofsf08sf] :d/0f ub}{
36gfnfO{ efjf]Q]lht 9+un] k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . g]kfnL hgo'4df aufn]
xTofsf08nfO{ s;}n] klg la;{g gx'g] pxf“n] atfpg' eof] . csf{ cltly
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ t]x|y'd lhNnf ;]qm]6/L s=;Hhgn] aufn] 36gfsf] :d/0fnfO{
efjk"0f{ 9+un] k|:t't ub}{ k'/fgf] a'h'{jf ;+:s[ltsf] lj/f]w / gofF
;j{xf/f ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbg' ePsf] lyof] . ;flxlTos uf]i6L sfo{qmdsf]
aLraLrdf snfsdL{x?n] uLt / gfr k|:t't u/]sf lyP .
cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd kfN6'g sdf08/ s=/fdrGb|sf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg
ePsf] lyof] eg] kfN6'g ;x–sdf08/ s=k|sfzn] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
:d/0f /xf];\ @)%( df3df t]x|y'd lhNnfsf] aufn]df cfttfoL zfxL ;]gfn] @! hgf
hgd'lQm ;]gfsf of]4fx?sf] ;fd'lxs xTof u/]sf] lyof] . ;Djfbbftf ?ksaf6
ls/ft efiff
kf7zfnfsf] :yfkgf
tfKn]h'·÷ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ tfKn]h'·
hg;/sf/n] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ xfn} lhNnfsf] df]8]n Pl/ofdf ls/ft efiff
kf7zfnfsf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . nf]kf]Gd'v ls/ftL efiffsf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4g{ ug]{
p2]Zon] :yflkt ;f] efiff kf7zfnfdf ls/ftLn] dfq xf]Og ls/ft If]qleq a;f]jf;
ug]{ hf] ;'s} 5fq5fqfsf lglDt pkof]uL tyf nfebfos x'g] hgljZjf; ls/ft If]qleq
a;f]jf; ug]{ u}/ls/ftLx?sf] 5 . otf ;r]t a'9fkfsfx? of] Oltxf; ;zQm s8L dfGb5g\
eg] o'jfx? sf]z]9'+uf ;fljt bfjL u5{g .
ldngaf6
d]naf]6] le8Gtsf
zxLbx?sf] :d/0f
lkmlbd÷;'b"/k"j{sf] kf“ry/
lhNnf l:yt d]6af]6]df ePsf] P]ltxfl;s le8Gtdf pRr zxfbt k|fKt ug]{ hgd'lQm ;]gf
g]kfn !(cf}+ a6flnog ‘aL’ sDkgL sld;f/ s=nf]rg, Knf6'g eL=;L=s=Uof;, sDkgL
cGtu{t k|f]kf]uf08f ljefusf ;]S;g sdf08/ s=ljlgt, Pn=Pd=hL=;]S;gsf s=bL3{,
s=;+3if{, K6fn'g /g/ s=clbk, ldlnlzofsf s=sljGb| cfª\bDj] / s=s]=jL=cfª\bDj]
nufotsf tdfd zxLbx?k|lt efb| !# ut] kf“ry/ lhNnfsf] cfª;/fª uf=h=;=d]naf]6]
df=lj=sf] k|f·0fdf ljzfn >4fGhnL ;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;}of}+ ljBfyL{ /
hg;d'bfosf] pkl:yltdf ePsf] ;efnfO{ lhNnf :t/Lo g]tfx?n] ;Daf]wg u/]sf lyP .
sfo{qmd g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ & g+= Pl/of ;ldltn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] .
:d/0f /xf];\ o'4 lj/fd e+u gx'“b} @)^) efb| ( ut] d]naf]6df zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfn]
em08} Ps bh{g of]4fsf] ;fd'lxs xTof u/]]sf] lyof] . ldng jf6
!*cf}+ a6flnog :t/Lo k|lzIf0f
sfo{qmd ;DkGg
;+v'jf;ef÷;"rgf k|ljlwsf]
ljsf;;“u} o'4 ;Dafbbftfx?n] v]Ng' kg]{ e"ldsfnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ )^! efb| !)–!@
;Dd tLg lbg] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;+v'jf;ef ;z:q a]; SofDk r}gk'/ glhs ;DkGg ePsf]
5 .
k|lzIf0f k"jL{ l8ljhg
k|f]kuf08f ljefusf k|d'v s=/l;sn] lbg'ePsf] lyof] . PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbL
;"rgf ;fd|fHojfbsf] o'u dfq} geP/ ljrf/wf/fTds ;+3if{sf] o'u ;d]t ePsf]
sf/0f clxn]sf] cj:yfdf o'4 ;Djfbbftfn] lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ e"ldsfsf] k|lzIfsn]
:ki6 kfb}{ ljZjsf] h'g;'s} cfGbf]ngdf klg o'4 kqsf/x?n] klxnf] e"ldsf
lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ / casf kqsf/x?n] ljz'4 kqsfl/tf dfq} gu/]/ ;j{xf/f ju{sf]
kIfw/tfnfO{ hf]8tf]8sf ;fy p7fp“b} klxn]sf] kqsf/ cfGbf]ngstf{ k|rf/stf{,
;+u7gstf{ ;d]t ag]/ g]kfnL ;+rf/ hutdf ljsf; x'“b} uPsf] ldln6/L ;+:s[ltnfO{
k/f:t ug{ ;d]t hf]8 lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
;f] cf}krfl/s sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj
!*cf}+ a6flnog k|f]kuf08f ljefu k|d'v s=lbJofn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmd
;+rfng k"jL{ l8ljhg sfof{no k|f]kfuf08f ljefusf ;b:o /0fl;+xn] ug'{ePsf]
lyof] . sfo{qmddf !*cf}+ a6flnogsf ;Dk"0f{ ;Djfbbftfx? pkl:yt /x]sf] ;f]
k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdn] slyt uf]oaN; k|rf/nfO{ lg/fs/0f u/L @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] o'u
cg'?k cufl8 a9\g ;Dk"0f{ ;Djfbbftfx?df gjLgtd /Qm;+rf/ k}bf u/]sf] 5 . o'4
;Djfbbftf /0fl;+xaf6
zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gf hg;]gfsf]
w/fkdf
l;Gw'nL÷5fk
slknfsf]6 c:yfO{ a]; SofDkaf6 ufpF ufpFdf 8/ qf; b]vfpg / hgbdgsf] nflu
o'lgkmfO8 sdf08sf] 6f]nL oxL efb| & ut] sNk j[Ifsf] l6xfoLdf k'Ubf kfFrf}=
la|u]8sf hgd'lQm ;]gfn] yfk]sf] ljB'tLo w/fkdf k/L @ hgf zfxL cd]l/sg ;]gf
3fOt] ePsf] afFls 6f]nL ToxfFaf6 ltt/lat/ x'Fb} efu]sf kfFrf} la|u]8sf sdf08/
s=k|df]bn] hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] 5 .
To:t}
l9nf]u/L k|fKt cf]vn9'+Ëfsf] ;b/d'sfdaf6 hgbdg / dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf vf]Hg
lx+8]sf zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] u:tL 6f]nL ;b/d'sfd eGbf ! lsnf]ld6/ 6f9fsf]
yfd8f“8fdf c;f/ #! ut] dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfn] u/]sf] kmfol/ª PDa';df kbf{
kF“rhgf zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] 36gf:ynd} d[To' x'g'sf] ;fy} # hgf uDeL/ 3fOt]
ePsf lyP . pQm 36gfsf] lhDd]jf/L cf]vn9'+Ëf lhNnf O~rfh{ s=k|eftn] Ps k|];
lj1KtL dfkm{t lng'ePsf] lyof] . t/ o; 36gfnfO{ zfxL cd]l/sL ;]gfn] k'/}
n'sfPsf] lyof] .
>4f~hnL sfo{qmd ;DkGg
ef]hk'/÷hgd'lQm
;]gf, g]kfn 5}+7f}+ la|u]8 cGtu{t ;f]x|f} a6flnogsf] ;L sDkgLaf6 zxfbt k|fKt
ug'{ x'g] gf} hgf dxfg\ zxLbx?sf] ;Demgfdf lhNnfsf] ;Gt df=lj= g]kfn]8f“8fdf
;fpg @ ut] >4f~hnL ;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] >4f~hnL ;efdf ;efkltTj
s=OZj/n] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] ;]qm]6/L s=ljzfnn] zxLbsf] kmf]6f]df dfNofk{0f
u/L ;f] sfo{qmdsf] z'?jft ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmddf ;lxbx?sf kmf]6f]df
cltly tyf lzIfsx?n] klg dfNofk{0f u/L >4f~hnL u/]sf ck{0f lyP . ;f]xL ;efdf
s=/lQmd nufotsf zxLxbx?sf] ;Demgfdf g]kfn]8f“8fdf zxLb kmn}+rf lgdf{0f ul/Psf]
dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfn] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ .
vf]6fªdf ljsf; lgdf{0f
vf]6fª÷>fj0f
!( ut] b'jfKnvf uf=h=;=df g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ Pl/of ;ldlt,
c=g]=d=;+3-qmflGtsf/L_, ls/fdf] / hgtfsf] >dbfgdf kGw| lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] af6f]
lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
To:t} ;Nn]
uf=h=;=sf] hgtf df=lj=df kGw| xhf/ a/fa/sf] nufgLdf Pl/of kf6L{ / hgtfsf]
;lqmotfdf ljBfno lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . ;f] ljBfno lgdf{0fn] Toxf“sf :yfgLo
afl;Gbfx? v';L ePsf 5g\ eg] Toxf“sf afl;Gbfx? dfcf]jfbLn] Wj+zdfq ubf{ /x]g5g\,
lgdf{0f klg ubf{ /x]5g\ eGg yfn]sf 5g\ .
kf“ry/df zfxL ;]gfsf] xTof, bdg
/ Hofbltsf] k/fsfi7f
kf“ry/÷zfxL
;]gfn] xfn} o; lhNnfsf] rf/hgfnfO{ lgd{dtfk"j{s xTof u/]sf 5g\ .
xTof/fx?n] lzjf–!sf lhNnf ldlnl;ofsf ;b:o k|]d /fO{nfO{ >fj0f @% ut] u0f]z
rf]saf6 lu/km\tf/ u/L xftv'§f af“w]/ plt;sf] ?vdf pEofO{ # uf]nL xfgL xTof
u/]sf lyP . / To;} u/L >fj0f @* ut] sfnf]kfgLdf !(cf}+ a6flnog aL sDkgL
;]S;g efO; sdf08/ s=eLd dfaf]-ljZj_nfO{ 3]/f xfnL k]6df uf]nL xfg]/ d¥of] elg
5f]8]/ uPsf lyP . kl5 pgsf] pkrf/f ubf{ub}{zxfbt ePsf] lyof] .
To;} u/L !
g+ Pl/ofsf] 5q]rf]s, uf]k]6f/, gfuL h+un ;r{ ub}{ @ g+ Pl/of yk'{ d]5La'ª ahf/
k'u]sf zfxL xTof/f] e/f}6]n] cf]ofd–( lgaf;L bfh'efO, 5q sfDafª / ljgo
sfDafªnfO{ yk'{ d]l5aª ahf/df rfdn lsGg uPsf] a]nf af6f]df ;dft]/ ;fydf ePsf]
k};f ;a} n'6]/ glhs}sf] s'nf]df nuL uf]nL xfgL xTof u/L * 306fsf] eL8Gtdf @ hgf
dfcf]jfbLsf] d[To' egL ;dfrf/ lbPsf lyP .
o;/L zfxL
;]gfsf] bdgn] ubf{ ljleGg uf=h=; hgtfx? k"0f{sfnLg aGg yfn]sf 5g\ . Ps
ufh;df hgtfx?n] !% ;b:oLo ldlnl;of u7g u/L ljleGg xltof/n] ;';lHht ePsf 5g\ .
zfxL ;]gfn] tLj| ?kn] ;r{ u/]klg ef/kf uf=h=;df hgtfsf] dfucg'?k vfg]kfgL
;+rfng x'g yf]n]sf] 5 . hgcleofgdf lx+8]sf] cf7 lbgkl5 gfuLdf zfxL ;]gfn]
lu/km\tf/ u/L gfuL b]p/fnLh8df nuL uf]nL xfgL xTof ul/Psf s=vu]Gb|sf] gfddf
ef/kf uf=h=;–^df Pp6f xfj;n kf6L lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . zxLb 1fg' tfjf / x]d
;fu/sf] gfdaf6 k~rdL uf=h=;df vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf ;+rfng x'g yfn]sf] 5 . zxLb
dgLif >]i7sf] gfddf klg efn'rf]s ahf/sf] ;8s dd{t u/L dl0frf]s egL gfd
/flvPsf] 5 . cd/ Hof]lt k|fljnfO{ klg dl0fHof]lt k|flj gfdf+s/0f ul/Psf] 5 . ut
)^) r}q !@ ut] lgd{tfk"j{s uf]nL xfgL xTof ul/Psf nf]s]Gb| nS;dsf] gfddf
gfuL–! ofªl;ªa'Ëdf Pp6f xfjf;n kf6L lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . kf“ry/af6 chLt nS;d
k|x/L r]s kf]i6df l/df]6 dfkm{t
ljB'tLo w/fk ljikmf]6g
a'6jn÷efb|
@^ ut] hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfn rf}yf] lj|u]8sf] Ps 6's8Ln] ?kGb]xL lhNnfsf] l;4fy{
gu/kflnsfsf] cGrnk'/ eGg] 7fp“df k|x/L r]s kf]i6df yfk]sf] ljB'tLo w/fk efb| @^
ut] *M!% ah] laxfg laikmf]6g u/fp“bf k|x/L hjfg OGb| axfb'/ 3tL{ / dlxnf k|x/L
/fds'df/L s'“jF/sf] d[To' ePsf] 5 .
cgfjZos ?kdf
hgtfnfO{ vfgtnf;L u/L b'Mv lbg] u/]sf], uf8L rfnsx?;“u cgfjZos ?kdf 3'; lng]
u/]sf] x'gfn] hgd'lQm ];]gfn] l/df]6 dfkm{t pQm ljB'lto w/fk ljikmf]6g u/fPsf]
rf}yf] lj|u]8n] hgfPsf] 5 . pQm 36gfkl5 zfxL ;]gf / k|x/Lx?df Jofks cft+s k}bf
ePsf] yfxf x'g cfPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L efb|
@^ ut] ;f“em *M#) ah] hgd'lQm ;]gfn] ?kGb]xL lhNnfdf sfo{/t bofgu/ uflj; 5lkof
3/ ePsf k|x/L ;O{ 5ljnfn /]UdLnfO{ ?kGb]xLsf] n'lDagL nf]v/Lof rf]sdf ;'/fsL
ub}{ lx8]sf] a]nfdf ;kmfof ul/lbPsf hgfPsf 5g\ .
lkmlnlkG;L qmflGtsf/L
ljBfyL{x?nfO{ clvn -qmflGtsf/L_sf] z'esfdgf kq
-g]kfnL qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{x?sf] ;femf ;+u7g cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf cWoIf n]vgfy Gof]kfg]n] xfn} lkmlnlkG;L qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{x?nfO{ n]v]sf] of] kq k|fKt ePsfn] k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 _
sfo{qmdssf cWoIf sd/]8 nufot ;Dk"0f{ sd/]8x?df
;u/dfyfsf] b]zaf6 /ftf] ;nfd † ;j{k|yd xfd|f] ;+u7g cg]/f:jljo"
-qmflGtsf/L_ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] tk{maf6 @& cf}+ jflif{s pT;j ;kmntfsf]
z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .
lk|o lkmlnlkG;L ldqx? tkfO{x?
ljBfyL{ xslxt / clwsf/sf ;fy} b]z / hgtfsf] k"0f{ d'lQmsf lglDt h;/L
;+3if{/t x'g' x'G5 . To;/L g} xfd|f] ;+u7g klg oxf“sf nueu &) nfv g]kfnL
ljBfyL{x?sf xslxt / clwsf/sf ;fy} xfd|f] b]z g]kfn / oxfsf @ s/f]8 %) nfv
g]kfnL hgtfsf lgldQ ;+3{if/t 5 . xfdL
clGtd n8fO“sf] tof/Lsf] ;Gb]z tkfO{x?;Dd k'¥ofpg kfp“bf Psflt/ cf}lw v'zL 5 eg]
csf]{lt/ of] ;+j]bgzLn 38Ldf cToGt} uDeL/ klg ePsf 5f}+ . ljljw eLdsfo
cj/f]wx?nfO{ l5rf]Nb} jlnbfgsf 7"nf–7"nf sLlt{dfgx? v8f ub}{ ;d:ofsf
bh{gf}+ lhNnf ;b/d'sfd, If]qLo ;b/d'sfd nufot sof}+ kmf}hL kf]i6x?nfO{ v/fgL
kfb}{ xif{ / kL8fsf of] gf} jif{sf] 5f]6} cjlwdf g]kfnL hgo'4 /0fg}lts
k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf km8\sf] dfg{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . h'g ;du| hgo'4sf] clGtd /
lg0ff{os r/0f xf] of] r/0f ;Dd cfO{k'Ubf xfdLn] dfS;{jfb–n]lgGjfb–dfcf]jfbnfO{
xfd|f] e"lddf k|of]u ug]{ qmddf go“F 7fp“df ljsf; ug{ ;d]t ;kmn ePsf 5f}+
. o; k“hLnfO{ xfdLn] k|r08kydf ;+Zn]if0f u/]sf 5f}+ . cem cufl8 a9\g cyjf
/0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] d"t{ of]hgfsf] g]t[Tj ljrf/df cem dfly p7]/ dfq
;Dej x'G5 eGg] xfd|f] ljZn]if0f xf] . To;}n] xfdL k|r08ky ljrf/ ljlw ;d]t ljsf;
ul/Psf] 5 . o;nfO{ cem gof“ 7fp“df p7fpg / cem gof“ 9+uaf6 ;+Z+n]if0f ug{ h?/L
7fGb5f}+ .
g]kfnL hgo'4n] oxf“sf ;fdGtjfbL
zf;s / p;sf] ;]gf ;“udfq n8\g] l:ylt /lxlbPsf] eP s]Gb|Lo ;Qf o; cl3 g} sAhf
e};Sg] lyof] / ;u/dfyfdf /ftf] em08f kmx/fO{ ;s]sf] x'g] lyof] . t/ g]kfnL
zf;snfO{ klZrdf ;fd|fHojfb d'Vot cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb / ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbn]
;+efljt ;a} k|sf/sf] ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . xftxltof/, ;"rgf k|ljlw
tflnd cfly{sn] dfq gk'u]/ Jof/]s, a+s/ / kmf]6L{lkms];g ;d]t ljb]zL 5 / o;}sf]
gfddf g]kfnleq ;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfb k|j]z ul//x]sf] 5 . g]kfnL zf;sx?
cg'xf/df dfq g]kfnL 5g\ cGo ;a} kIf ljb]zL bnfndf ?kfGt/0f ePsf 5g\ .
hGde"ld cfGb]fng bafpg / g]kfnL hgtfsf] sTn]cfd ug{ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb
ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf] af6f] x'“b} ef}lts ?kn] g} g]kfn k|j]z ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf
xfdLn] b]v]sf 5f}+ . To;sf/0f casf] xfd|f] n8fO“ efOdf/f 1fg]Gb| / p;sf
kfl/jfl/s ;]gf zfxL g];f ;+udfq l;ldt gx'g] lglZrt cyjf lj:tf/jfb / ;fd|fHojfb
;Fu klg l;wf cfk\mgf] n8fO“ n8\g' kg]{ 68\sf/f] cfjZos 5 . o;y{ tkfO{x?n]
cfk\mgf] 7fp“af6 ;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfbsf ljsf; tyf g]kfnL hgd'lQm cfGb]fngsf]
kIfdf P]Soj4tfsf nfvf}+ d'¶Lx? tkfO{sf] b]zaf6 klg p7fpg' x'g]5 eGg] ck]Iff
xfd|f] ;+u7gn] /fv]sf] 5 .
juL{o
cfGb]fngsf] of] rfk;“u} xfd|f] ;+u7g olta]nf z}lIfs cfGbf]ngsf] s]Gb|df 5 .
ljrf/n] ;a}nfO{ vfg] / Pp6} clvn agfpg] cleofgdf xfdL 5f}+ . xfdLn] rnfPsf]
cfGbf]ngsf] km6\sf] / t/+u zfob xfd|f] ;Ldf gf3]/ tkfO“x?;Dd klg k'Uof] xf]nf .
dflj k"0f{ lgMz'Nssf] cleofg ;kmntf k"j{s cl3 al9/x]sf] 5 . lzIffdf
ePsf] lghLs/0f / Jofkf/L s/0f cGTosf nflu u|fdL0f e"efu -*)Ü_ af6 lghL
lzIffnox?nfO{ ;xsf/L s/0fdf l5/fpFb} slDtdf @( Ü z'Ns 36fpg] of]hgfdf xfdL
nflu/x]sf 5f}+ . ;fdlGt JolQm k"hf / cj}1flgs kf7\oqmdx?nfO{ vf/]h ub}{
u|fdL0f If]qx?df :yfgLo hg;Qf leq gofF / a}1flgs kf7\oqmd ;lxt gofF z}lIfs
Sofn]G8/x? ;d]t nfu" eO{/x]sf 5g\ . oxfFsf] ;fdGtL ;Qfn] hgd'lQm cfGb]fng
bafpg ;'/Iff vr{df c/jf}+ j[l4 u/]sf] 5 . t/, lzIff If]qnfO{ kof{Kt /sd ;d]t
ljlgof]hg gu/L nfvf}+ afnaflnsfnfO{ lzIffaf6} al~rt u/]sf] 5 eg] nfvf}+
ljBfyL{x? ;fdfGo k"jf{wf/x?df ;d]t gePsf lzIffx?df sIff !) ;Dd ;/sf/nfO{
z'Ns lt/]/ k9\g afWo 5g\ . lo / o:tf ;jfnx?nfO{ lnP/ xfd|f] ;+u7gn] ut h]7 @$
ut] b]lv c;f/!# ut] ;Ddsf] zx/ ;b/d'sfd
/ /fhwfgL s]lGb|t z}lIfs x8\tfn u/]/ ;QfnfO{ xfdL dlfysf] cft+ssf/L cf/f]k
lkmtf{ ug{ / xfd|f z}lIfs dfux? af/] jftf{ u/]/ 6'+uf]df k'Ug] ;xdlt ug{ afWo
kf¥of}+ . olt v]/ ;+u7g ;Fu jftf{ u/]/ cufl8 a9\g of] ;Qfdfly cfd ljBfyL{ /
hg;d'bfosf] rfsf]{ bafa kl//x]sf] 5 .
;+u7g uf}/jdo
alnbfgLk"0f{ ofqfx?df o'ufGtsf/L ;kmntfx? dfq} xft kf/]sf] 5}g . To;sf nflu
xfdLn] pNn]vlgo ?kdf If]ltx? Aoxf]g'{ k/]sf] 5 . @)^) #–@) b]lv @# ;Dd ;DkGg
;+u7g !% cf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng kl5sf] cjlwdf dfq} xfd|f] ;+uu7g # hgf s]Gb|Lo
;b:ox?sf] xTof eO{;s]sf] 5 . cfh;Dd !* hgf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? ;+u7g dxf;lrj ;lxt
lu/k\mtf/ u/L a]kQf kfl/Psf] 5 eg] xhf/f}+ sfo{stfx? lu/k\mtf/Ldf k/]sf 5g\ /
w]/}nfO{ a]kQf kfl/Psf] 5 . ;of}+ sfo{stf{x?sf] xTof eO;s]sf] 5 . oL /
o:tf gLltx?nfO{ krfpFb} ;+u7g b[9tf
k'j{s cfk\mgf] nIodf cem zlQm / ;f}o{ k|bz{g ub}{ cl3 al9/x]sf] 5 .
cGTodf sd/]8x? xfdLx? hxfFaf6 h;/L nl8/x]sf 5f}+ xfd|f]
af6f] Pp6} 5 / nIo / p2]Zo klg Pp6} xf] . o;}sf lgDtL tkfO{x? lkmlnlkG;df n8\b}
x'g'x'G5, xfdL g]kfndf n8\b} 5f}+ / xfd|f ldqx? cGo b]zx? h:t} ef/t, a+unfb]z,
e'6fg, 6sL{, k]?, sf]nlDaof, cflb bh{gf}+ 7fpFdf n8\b} x'g'x'G5 . oL ;a}
n8fO“sf] clGtd nIo ;fDojfb;Dd k'Ug' xf] . of] dxfg ofqfsf nflu tkfO{x?sf]
jflif{s pT;jn] b[9 c7f]6 u/f];\ ;fDojfbLofqfdf cem cufl8 a9\g] ;+sNk af]nf];
xfd|+f] e]6 ;fDojfbL ;+;f/df cjZo x'g]5 .
qmflGtsf/L clejfbg ;lxt
% ;]K6]Da/ @))$
cWoIf n]vgfy Gof}kfg]
cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_
g]]kfn sDo"lgi6 kf6L{
-dfcf]jfbL_ b}n]v lhNnf ;ldltsf] jQmJo
-xfn} dfcf]jfbL b}n]v lhNnf ;ldltn] hd/L u/]sf] jQmJo
o;k|sf/ 5 _
æ;fdGtL /fHo Aoj:yfn] b}n]vL hgtf
dfly ;f}t]gL Aojxf/ ub}{ zf]if0f, pTkL8g, ckdfg, e]befj, cGofo, cTofrf/, /f]u,
ef]s, clzIffsf] vf8ndf sf]Rb} cfPsf] 5 . ;fdGtL ;Qfsf lk5nu"x?n] hgtsf]
;j} vfn] pTkL8g / k5f}6]kgsf] cGt ug{' eGbf klg u'lnof gf/f / lrKnf efif0f
lbb}+ zf]if0f bf]xg, n'6-v;f]6, gftfjfb, s[kfjfb, lgufxjfb / cflzjf{bsf] nflu
t5f8 d5f8 ub}{ b}n]vL hgtfnfO{ emgemg\ ;+s6sf] e"d/Ldf km;fpFb} uP .
;j{xf/f ju{sf] cu|b:tf g]kfn sDo"lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_sf] g]t[Tjdf ePsf]
P]ltxfl;s hgo'4n] cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] /Qm;+rf/ u/L b}n]vL hgtfnfO{
Ao"Femfof] . hgo'4sf uf}/jdo gjf}+ jif{ kf/ ug]{ a]nf;Dd *% hgf b}n]vL
hgtfsf Kof/f xf]gfxf/ aL/ 5f]/fx?n] o; lhNnfnfO{ /Qm /l~ht u/L ;s]sf 5g\ .
oltj]nf pTkLl8t hgtfx?n] kf6L{ ;]gf / ;Qf ;+jGwL cfjZosLo cleef/f jxg ub}{
hgljb|fxsf] Hjfnf bGsfO/x]sf 5g\ . @)^! ;fn efb| !& ut] ;+ljwfg ;efsf]
r'gfj nufotsf cfd"n kl/jt{gsfdL gf/f 3GsfpFb} kmfF;LjfbL ;Qf / To;sf kfNt'
s's"/x?sf] wHhL p8fpFb} $) xhf/ hgtfn] b}n]v ;b/d'sfddf wfjf af]n]sf 5g\ .
kmfF;Ljfb /fHo ;Qf lj?4, 3[0ff / cfqmf];n] 5rlNsPsf] P]ltxfl;s ljb|f]x ;[i6L
u/]/ b}n]vL hgtfsf] kmnfd] Pstf dha"t tfst / qmflGtsf/L Ifdtfsf] /fd|f]
k|bz{g ePsf] 5 . b}n]vL hgtfsf] zlQm k|bz{gn] kmfF;LjfbL ;Qfsf] x]8Sjf6/b]lv
XjfO6xfp;df 7"nf] e"sDk k}bf ePsf] 5 eg] oxfF xTof/f, n'6]/f,
e|i6frf/L, 3':ofxf 8fFsfx?sf] efubf}8 z'? ePsf] 5 . b}n]vL hgtsf] zlQm k|bz{gn]
xfd|f] kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf ;+rfng ePsf] hgo'4n] /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fdf 5nfË xfGg
sf]z]9'Ëf ;fljt x'g]5 . cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] lglDt cbDo ;xf;, pT;fx, cfF6 /
jlnbfgL efj k|bz{g ug'{ x'g] ;Dk"0f{ cfb/0fLo b}n]vjf;L hg;d'bfodf
qmflGtsf/L clejfbg ;lxt xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ub{5f}+ . o;/L g} kmfF;LjfbL ;Qfn]
u/]sf] /fHo cft+ssf lj?4df oxL efb| @) ut]b]lv xfd|f] kf6L{n] lg0f{o u/]sf]
b}n]v ;b/d'sfd gfsfjGbLnfO{ k"0f{?kdf ;kmn kfg{ cfb/0fLo hg;d'bfo nufot
;Dk"0f{ kIf;+u xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .Æ