-g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] xfn} a;]sf] s]Gb|Lo
;ldltsf] a}7sn] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o dxTj /fVg] b"/ufdL] lg0f{ox?
u/]sf] s'/f xfn} ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 . s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] j}7sdf s]lGb|t /x]/
kf6L{sf cWoIf sd/]8 k|r08;“u dx]Zj/ bfxfnn] s[i0f;]g
;Dafb ;ldlt -cgnfOg_sf nflu lng'ePsf]
cGtjf{tf{{ ._
cWoIf sd/]8, kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] k"0f{ a}7s
;DkGg ePsf] s'/f xfn} ;j{hlgs ePsf] 5 . a}7sn] lnPsf k|d'v lg0f{o / ltgsf]
dxTjaf/] k|sfz kfl/lbg'xf];\ g π
d/0ff;Gg
k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qf / ;fd|fHojfb Pjd\ ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf cg]sf}+ if8oGqsf
3]/fx¿nfO{ tf]8\b} xfd|f] uf}/jzfnL kf6L{ g]=skf= -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] s]Gb|Lo
;ldltsf] k"0f{ j}7s b]zleq} v'nf / eAo?kdf ;DkGg x'g'n] cfkm}+df g]kfnL
hgo'4sf] ljho / k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] k/fhosf] dfqfnfO{ AoQm ub{5 . s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf]
of] P]ltxfl;s j}7ssf k|d'v lg0f{ox¿nfO{ cfºgf] ljlzi6tf / dxTjsf cfwf/df rf/
efudf af“8]/ a'em\g ;lsG5 . klxnf]≤ PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf ;fd|fHojfbL
cfly{s, /fhg}lts, ;fdl/s Pjd\ ;f“:s[lts r'gf}ltx¿sf] ;fdgf ug{ ;j{xf/f ju{sf]
lgb]{zs l;4fGt dfS;{jfb—n]lggjfb—dfcf]jfbsf tLgj6} ;+36s c+u, bz{g, /fhg}lts
cy{zf:q Pjd\ j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf] ljsf; ug]{ på]Zodf s]lGb|t /x]/ ljrf/ ;+Zn]if0f
ug]{ lg0f{o . bf];|f]≤ jblnPsf] gof“ ;Gbe{df ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4sf]
;+3if{nfO{ /0fg}lts / sfo{g}lts b[li6n] ;d]t ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf lj?4 s]lGb|t
ug]{ lg0f{o . t];|f]≤ k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;QfnfO{ /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbL ;Qfsf
?kdf ;d]t kl/eflift ub}{ p;sf lj?4 /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0f ug]{ P]ltxfl;s lg0f{o, /
rf}yf]≤ kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngnfO{ j}rfl/s, ;f+u7lgs,;f+:s[lts / sfo{z}nLsf
lx;fjn] ;b[9 ug{ Jofks z'4Ls/0f cleofg rnfpg] 7f]; gLlt, of]hgf / sfo{qmd
;DjGwL lg0f{o . oL lg0f{o g} s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf k|d'v lg0f{ox¿ x'g\ . Ps csf{df
3lgi6 ?kn] cGt/;DjlGwt oL rf/} efusf lg0f{ox¿sf] b"/ufdL dxTjsf af/]df
w]/} JofVof ul//xg' kb{5 eGg] g} d}n} 7fg]sf] 5}g lsgsL tL cfkm}+df :jtM :ki6
5g\ .
gof“ j}rfl/s
;+Zn]if0fsf] cfjZostf kf6L{n] lsg dxz'; u¥of] < k|r08kynfO{ ckof{Kt 7flgPsfn]
/ To;df gof“ ljsf; ug{ k'gM ljrf/ ;+Zn]if0fsf] s'/f cfPsf] t xf]Og <
gof“
ljrf/ ;+Zn]if0f ug]{ xfd|f] kf6L{sf] lgdf{0fsf] dd{ cToGt u+eL/ /x]sf] 5 .
g]kfnL qmflGtsf cg'ejx¿sf] hudf 6]s]/ ljZj qmflGtsf] ;]jf ug]{ tyf @! cf}+
ztfAbLsf] cGt/f{li6«otfjfbL st{Jo k"/f ug]{ k|lqmofsf aLrjf6 g]kfnL qmflGt
;kmn t'Nofpg] ulx/f] cGt/b[li6 gof“ ljrf/ ;+Zn]if0f ;DjGwL xfd|f] lg0f{odf
cGtlg{lxt /x]sf] 5 . lg0f{on] cf]u6]sf] of] Jofkstfsf ;Gb{edf o;nfO{ ;+s'lrt
u/]/ a'em\g} ;lsGg .
lgZro
g} s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] kf6L{sf] ljut bf];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngåf/f k|r08kysf ?kdf
u/]sf] j}rfl/s ;+Zn]if0f / To;n] dxfg\ g]kfnL hgo'4nfO{ /0fg}lts /Iffaf6 ;Gt'ng
x'“b} k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0f;Dd NofO{
k'¥ofpg v]n]sf] P]ltxfl;s e"ldsfsf] pRr d"Nofª\sg u/]sf] 5 .
k|r08kysf] /Iff, k|of]u / ljsf; ug{]
k|ZgnfO{ u+eL/tfk"j{s cfTd;ft ub{} s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] ljut ;f9] tLg jif{sf
cg'ejsf cfwf/df o;df ePsf] ljsf;nfO{ :jLsf/ ub{} o;sf] cjd"Nog ug]{ bfof“
jf jfof“ ljrngk|lt ;ts{ u/fPsf] 5 . df= n]=df= sf] ljsf; ug]{ eGg'sf] tfTko{
g]kfnsf] 7f]; ;Gbe{df …k|r08kyÚ sf] ljsf; ug]{ k|Zgaf6 cnu x'g} g;Sg] s'/f
kf6L{n] :ki6 u/]sf] 5 .
/0fg}lts
k|Tofqmd0fdf hfg cfwf/ tof/ ePsf] s'/f p7fpg' ePsf] 5 . cWoIf sd/]8,
k|Tofqmd0fdf hfgsf nflu To:tf s] s] cfwf/ tof/ ePsf 5g\, h;sf sf/0f hgo'4sf]
clGtd r/0fdf k|j]z ub}{ x'g'x'G5 <
s]Gb|Lo
;ldltn] /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] kl/efiff ljz'4 zf:qLo cy{df dfq
gu/]/
cfhsf cGt/f{li6«o Pjd\ /fli6«o ljz]iftf tyf g]kfnL hgo'4sf] ljsf; k|lqmofsf
df}lnstf / ljlzi6tf ;d]tsf cfwf/df u/]sf] 5 . To;cg';f/ kf6L{n] k|Tofqmd0fdf
k|j]zsf /fhg}lts Pjd\ kmf}hL cfwf/x¿ 7f]; ?kdf k|:t't u/]sf] 5, h;df /fhg}lts
b[li6n] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] cl:tTjnfO{ ;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfbn] sf7sf] v'§f nufPsf]
tyf ;b/d'sfd / /fhwfgLdf ;d]t ;dfKt x'“b} uPsf] t;f{pg] -a'Vo“frf_ sf ?kdf
ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . cfGtl/s cGt/lj/f]w Pjd\ csd{0otfsf] lg/Gt/ lzsf/ x'“b}
uPsf] To; lsl;dsf] k'/fgf] ;Qf cl:tTj /Iffsf] clGtd cj:yfdf k'lu/x]sf] lg:sif{
lgsfNb} kf6L{n] cfkm\gf] /fhg}lts l:ylt b]zJofkL ?kdf cfs|fds aGb} uPsf]
oyfy{nfO{ tYo;lxt k|dfl0ft u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L kmf}hL cfwf/sf b[li6n] k'/fgf]
;Qfsf slyt ;}Go zlQm ;b/d'sfd / /fhwfgLdf klg qmdzM /IffTds aGb} hfg jfWo ePsf]
tyf hgd'lQm ;]gf cfkm\gf] o'4 Ifdtf / ;+Vofdf u'0ffTds a[l4 ug]{ cfs|fds
cj:yfdf ljsl;t x'“b} uPsf] tYonfO{ :ki6 ul/Psf] 5 . /fhg}lts / kmf}hL
cfwf/x¿sf] pk/f]Qm lg:sif{x¿sf] ljZn]if0f ub}{ kf6L{n] /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf
klxnf] of]hgfsf] ljsf; u/]sf] 5 .
gf/fo0flx6L
xTofsf08kl5 kf6L{ jfx\o ?kdf ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf lj?4sf] ;+3if{nfO{ s]xL dTy/
kf/]/ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 s]lGb|t
ePsf] b]lvGYof] . clxn] kl/l:yltdf To:tf] s] jbnfj cfP/ ef/tLo
lj:tf/jfbsf lj?4sf] ;+3if{nfO{ k|d'vtf lbg' ePsf] xf] <
/0fg}lts b[li6n] ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf
lj?4sf] ;+3if{nfO{ xfdLn] slxNo} klg dTy/ kf/]sf lyPgf}+ . g]kfnsf] Oltxf; Pjd\
cfly{s, /fhg}lts / ;f“:s[lts ljz]iftfx¿sf] ;d'lrt ljZn]if0f u/]/ g} kf6L{n]
b]zsf] k|wfg cGt/lj/f]wsf ?kdf ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbåf/f ;+/lIft ;fdGt, gf]s/zfx /
bnfn k"“hLklt ju{ ldn]/ ag]sf] 3/]n' k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qf;“u g]kfnL hgtfsf]
cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ ls6fg u/]sf] 5 . @)$* ;fnsf] Pstf dxflwj];gåf/f lgSof{}n ul/Psf]
k|wfg cGt/lj/f]w ;DjGwL Tof] ljZn]if0f / ;+Zn]if0fnfO{ xfd|f] kf6L{n] abn]sf]
5}g . ox“f Wofg lbg'kg]{ of] klxnf] s'/f xf] . bf];|f] s'/f≤ s'Voft b/jf/
xTofsf08sf k5fl8 cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] g]kfnL hgtfsf lj?4 a9\bf] /fhg}lts /
kmf}hL x:tIf]ksf jfjh'b xfdLn] Tof] k|ls|ofdf ef/tLo zf;s ju{;d]t ;+nUg /x“b}
cfPsf] oyfy{nfO{ slxNo} cjd"Nog u/]sf lyPgf}+ . t}klg, tTsfnLg / sfo{g}lts
cy{df cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] t'ngfdf ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb Ps sbd k5fl8 /x]sf] j:t'ut
l:yltnfO{ dWogh/ u/L kf6L{n] cfkm\gf] cfqmd0fsf] lgzfgfnfO{ klg To;} cg';f/
lgwf{l/t u/]sf] lyof] .
t/ , clxn] O/fs o'4 nufotsf] cGt/f{li6«o
;+s6df km“:b} uPsf] tyf cfGtl/s ?kn] slyt /fi6«ktLo lgjf{rgsf] ;fdgf ul//x]sf]
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] a'; d08nLn] cfkm" Ps sbd k5fl8 x6]/ bL3{sfnLg
/0fg}lts :jfy{;lxt blIf0f Plzofdf cfkm\gf] k|d'v bnfn alg/x]sf] ef/tLo
lj:tf/jfbnfO{ g} g]kfndf x:tIf]ksf nflu cufl8 ;f/]sf] 5 . of] s'/f ljut ^÷*
dlxgfsf pgLx¿sf s[ofsnfkn] :ki6 ul//x]sf 5g\ . ctM l:yltdf cfPsf] oxL
kl/j{tgnfO{ dWogh/ u/]/ g} xfd|f] kf6L{n] /0fg}lts b[li6n] dfq xf]Og tfTsflns sfo{gLltsf
b[li6n] ;d]t ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf] lj?4sf] ;+3if{nfO{ k|d'vtf lbPsf] xf] .
bnfnsf] klg bnfn alg/x]sf] g]kfnsf] k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qf clxn] cfkm\gf] cl:tTjsf
nflu ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf cufl8 nDk;f/ kl//x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbsf]
3[l0ft rl/q k|b{zg ub}{ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf s'l;{jfnx¿ clxn] lbNnLsf] rfs8Ldf Jo:t
5g\ .
g]kfndf
zflGtjftf{sf nflu ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbL zlQm clxn] k|d'v jfx\o jfws /x]sf] s'/f
v''nf;f ug'{ePsf] 5 . o;nfO{ cln d"t{ / 7f];?kdf :ki6 ul/lbg' x'GYof] ls
<
;fdfGotM lj:tf/jfbL ef/tLo zf;sx¿ g]kfn
nufot blIf0f Plzofsf ;j} l5d]sL d'n'sx¿k|lt slyt 7"NbfOsf] cToGt rsf]{
bfbflu/Lsf] cEof; ub}{ cfPsf 5g . clxn] g]kfnL hgtfsf] :jtGqtf / :jfeLdfgsf]
em08fsf ?kdf cufl8 al9/x]sf] dxfg\ hgo'4af6 cfkm\gf] lj:tf/jfbL :jfy{df k|ToIf
wSsfsf] dxz'; ul//x]sf ef/tLo zf;sx¿
g]kfnnfO{ cfkm\gf] sAhfdf kfg]{ s'lgot;lxt oxf“ lg/Gt/ cl:y/tf / c/fhstfsf]
kIfkf]if0f ug]{ ljz]if if8\oGqdf nflu/x]sf 5g\ . k'/fgf] ;Qf;“usf xfd|f] ljutsf
jftf{x¿df ef/tLo zf;sx¿n] ckgfPsf] gsf/fTds /j}of clxn] jftf{ / cu|ufdL
/fhgLlts lgsf;sf lgldQ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] dWo:ytf ;DjGwL xfd|f] k|:tfjsf lj?4
p;n] ul//x]sf] if8\oGq, k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ clxn] cfP/ ljz]if ?kdf a9fPsf] ;}Go
;xof]u, ef/tsf] ljb]z dGqL g6j/ l;x+n] lbg] u/]sf] v'nf ;}Go x:tIf]ksf] wDsL,
xfd|f] kf6L{sf sltko jl/i7 g]tf Pjd\ sfo{stf{x¿dfly p;n] ub}{ cfPsf]
if8\oGqd"ns x:tIf]k cflbn] ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb g]kfndf zflGt, k|ult / k|hftGq
xf]Og åGå, cl:y/tf / c/fhstf a9fP/ cfkm\gf] pNn' dfq l;wf ug{ rfxG5 eGg] s'/f
:ki6 ub{5g\ .
g]kfnsf]
/fhgLltdf ljutb]lv g} k|ToIf–ck|ToIf x:tIf]k ub}{ cfPsf] ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbåf/f
g]kfnsf] hgo'4sf lj?4 k|ToIf ;}Go x:tIf]ksf] ;+efjgf slQsf] b]Vg' ePsf] 5 <
olb p;n] k|ToIf x:tIf]k ul/xfn]df g]kfnL hgo'4sf] eljio s:tf] xf]nf <
cfGtl/s / jfx\o cg]sf}+ /fhg}lts /
kmf}hL sf/0fx¿n] g]kfnL hgo'4sf lj?4 ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf] k|ToIf ;}Go x:tIf]ksf]
s'/f Tolt ;xh 5}g hlt ef/tLo k|ltlqmofjfbL zf;sx¿n] 7fGg] ub{5g\ . t/, g]kfnL
hgo'4sf] ljsf;sf] tLa|tf / o;n] ef/tLo hgtfsf] hgjfbL qmflGtdf kfb}{ nu]sf] /
kfb}{ hfg] pTk|]/0ffaf6 eolet lj:tf/jfbL zf;sx¿sf] bfbflu/Lo'Qm d"v{tfsf
sf/0f s'g} g s'g} ljGb'df To;k|sf/sf] x:tIf]ksf] ;Defjgf k|ToIf aGb} uPsf] 5 .
xfd|f]
ljrf/df g]kfnsf] e"—/fhg}lts agf]6 / cjl:yltsf] ljlzi6 l:ylt, P]ltxfl;s
?kn] g]kfnL ljBdfg b]zelQm / :jfeLdfgsf] r]tgf Pjd\ @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] dxfg\
hgo'4sf] k|efj / /0fgLltsf k[i7e"lddf ef/tLo zf;sx¿sf] To;k|sf/sf]
d"v{tfn] cGttM blIf0f Plzofdf g} hgqmflGtsf] nx/ km}nfpg gsf/fTds ?kn]
7"nf] d2t k'Ug] 5 . o;sf] Tof] x:tIf]kn] :jo+ ef/tdf ;d]t hgqmflGtsf] nx/
km}nfO{ cfkm\g} lrxfg vGg] k|lqmofdfq a9\g]5 .
hxf“;Dd
To;k|sf/sf] l:yltdf hgo'4sf] eljiosf] s'/f 5, Tof] dxfg\ b]zelQmk"0f{
/fli6«o o'4df jblng] 5 / blIf0f Plzof nufot ljZje/sf hg—;d'bfosf ;xof]u /
;dy{g;lxt To;n] cfw'lgs leotgfdsf ?kdf P]ltxfl;s uf}/j k|fKt ug]{ 5 . ef/tLo
lj:tf/jfbL zf;sx¿n] ug{;Sg] To;k|sf/sf] d"v{tfsf] k|ToIf ;+efjgf /
g]kfnsf] k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfsf] /fli6«o cfTd;dk{0fjfbL rl/qnfO{ ljrf/ u/]/ g}
xfd|f] kf6L{n] clxn]b]lv g} j}rfl/s, /fhg}lts / kmf}hL b[li6n] l;+uf] b]znfO{
b]zelQmk"0f{ o'4—df]rf{df abNg] 7f]; gLlt, of]hgf / sfo{qmdsf] th'{df
ul/;s]sf] 5 . xfdLn] k"0f{ uDeL/tf / lhDd]jf/Lsf ;fy cfd b]zeQm
g]kfnLx¿;“u To;sf lglDt tof/ /xg ckLn ul//x]sf 5f}+ . xfd|f] s] ljZjf; 5 eg]
ef/tn] To;k|sf/sf] d"v{tf u/]df hgo'4sf] /0fgLltåf/f To;nfO{ w'nf]kL7f]
kfl/g] 5 / g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfdfq xf]Og ef/tLo hgtf;d]t k|lts[ofjfbL
zf]if0f—cTofrf/af6 d'Qm x'g] 5g\ .
csf]{ l5d]sL b]z rLgsf af/]df klg s]xL gof“ lg0f{o ePsf]
5 ls <
xfdLn] rLgsf af/]df s'g} gof“ lg0f{o
u/]sf 5}gf}+ . t}klg xfdLnfO{ s] ljZjf; 5 eg] g]kfndf s'g} klg j}b]lzs x:tIf]knfO{ rLgn] ;dy{g gug]{ dfq
xf]Og clkt' To;nfO{ ;xg ug]{ 5}g .
b]pjf ;/sf/n] tkfO{x¿;“u jftf{sf lgldQ pRr :t/Lo
zflGtjftf{ ;ldlt / jftf{sf] sfo{ljlw tof/ ug{ zflGt ;lrjfnosf] u7g ul//x]sf] 5
. Tof] l:yltdf ;d]t tkfO{x¿n] pm;“u jftf{ gug]{ jtfpg' ePsf] 5 . o;sf] cy{ s]
ca /fhf;“u dfq jftf{ x'g;Sg] s'/fsf] ;+s]t ug'{ ePsf] xf] <
k'/fgf] ;Qfdf s'g} /fhg}lts / ;}lgs
x}l;ot g} gePsf ;fdGtL b/jf/sf r'Tyf el/ofx¿;“u jftf{sf] s'g} cf}lrTo gePsf]
oyfy{nfO{ ljrf/ u/]/ g} xfdLn] slyt ;/sf/;“u jftf{ gug{] lg0f{o u/]sf xf}+ .
To;sf] cy{ xfdLn] jftf{s} cf}lrTo ;dfKt kf/]sf] eGg] xf]Og . hf];“u k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] jf:tljs g]t[Tj sfod
/x]sf] 5, pm;“u ul/g] jftf{n] dfq s'g} kl/df0f lgsfNg ;Sb5 eGg] j:t'ut oyfy{df
g} xfd|f] lg0f{o cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5 . Psflt/ xfdLn] ;fdGtL k|ltudgsf lj?4 w]/yf]/
cfjfh p7fpg] /fhg}lts bnx?,zflGt / k|ultsf] kIfkf]if0f ug]{ gful/s ;dfhsf
k|ltlglwx¿;“usf] jftf{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf 5f}+ eg] csf{lt/ e/kbf]{
cGt/f{li6«o dWo:ytf ePdf zflGtk"0f{ / cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf; lgldQ k'/fgf]
;Qfsf jf:tljs k|ltlglw;“u jftf{ ug{ ;lsg] s'/f :ki6 u/]sf 5f}+ .
s[i0f ;]g ;Dafb
;ldlt -cgnfOg_