ljrf/
hut
dfcf]T;]t'ª
;bf ;bfsf nflu xfd|f g]tf x'g'x'G5
-xfn}
rLgsf qmflGtsf/L dfcf]jfbLx?n] k|sfzdf NofPsf] …dfcf]T;]t'ª ;bf ;bfsf nflu
xfd|f g]tf x'g'x'G5Ú lzif{ssf] of] krf{ xfd|f kf7sx?sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu k|:t't
ul/Psf] 5 ._
cWoIf dfcf]n] xfdLnfO{ 5f]8]/ uPsf] @* jif{ k"/f eO;s]sf] 5 . kl5Nnf
@* jif{df xfd|f kf6L{leqsf k'“hLjfbkGyL k|ltqmflGtsf/Lx?n] /fHo;Qf / kf6L{dfly
sAhf hdfP/ /fHosf] ;DklQsf] cfkm"x?aLr af“8kmf“8 u/]sf 5g\ . o;aLr
pgLx?n] dfcf]T;]t'ª / pxf“sf] ;dfhjfbL lj/f;tk|lt ljifjdg ug{] u/]sf 5g\ .
pgLx?n] kf6L{ b:tfj]hx?sf] tf]8d/f]8 u/]/, ;/sf/L b:tfj]h / k|ltj]bgx? hf/L u/]/
tyf ;/sf/L ;+rf/ dfWoddf n]v / ;DkfbsLo k|sflzt ug{] h:tf sfo{gLltx? ckgfP/
dfcf]dfly cfqmd0f ug{] / pxf“lj?4 lxnf] 5\ofKgdf s'g} c;/ af“sL /fv]sf 5}gg\
. o;sf cltl/Qm dfcf]nfO{ abgfd ug{] k|of;df pgLx? olt tn lu/]sf 5g\ ls
8]df]qm];L jfnkf]i6/ ckmjfx lgGbfn] el/Psf lghL ;+:d/0f / ljb]zL kqsf/x?x?nfO{
cGtjf{tf{ lbg]h:tf lgGbgLo sfd u/]sf 5g\ .
t/ cTolws ax';+Vos lrlgof“ hgtf, ljz]iftM dhb'/ / ls;fg h;n] hg;+Vofsf]
(% k|ltzt cf]u6]sf 5g\, xd]zf dfcf]sf] kIfdf v8f /x]sf 5g\ . hgtfsf] k"/}
dgn] ;]jf ug{] sfdnfO{ dfcf]T;]t'ªsf] g]t[Tjdf kf6L{, ;/sf/ / ;]gfsf] sfdnfO{
lgb{]lzt ug{] cfwf/e"t lgodsf ?kdf kl/eflift ul/Psf] lyof] . pxf“n]
;Dk"0f{ kf6L{ ;b:ox? / kf6L{sf ;a} Sof8/x?nfO{ hggLlt cg'z/0f ug{ / (%
k|ltzt hgtfsf] kIfdf v8f x'g cfu|x ug{'ePsf] lyof] . pxf“sf] hf]8 lyof]– æhggLltsf]
cg'z/0f ug{' dfS;{jfbsf] cfwf/e"t lgod xf] .Æ cfºgf] hLjgsfnel/ / clGtd ;do;Dd
pxf“ hgtfsf] d'lQmsf nflu n8\g' eof] .
k|ToIf cg'ejaf6 lrlgof“ hgtfn] s] dx;'; u/]sf lyP eg] dfcf]T;]t'ª /
pgLx? :jo+ Ps csf{];“u cToGt lgs6tfsf ;fy hf]l8Psf 5g\ rfx] Tof] b'Mvsf] a]nf
xf];\ jf ;'vsf], rfx] Tof] xf/sf] a]nf xf];\ jf hLtsf] pgLx? cfºgf] Pp6f g]tfsf
?kdf dfcf];“u hf]l8Psf 5g\ . lrlgof“ hgtf b]zsf dflns lyP tyf pgLx?n]
cg'Nn+3gLo nf]stflGqs clwsf/sf] pkef]u u/] . pgLx?n] ;'vL hLjg af“r], ljZjf;n]
el/k"0f{, cfzfjfbL / ;w}+ eljiodf emg\ ;'gf}nf lbgx?sf] lrGtfd'Qm eP/
k|ltIff ul//x] . ha dfcf]T;]t'ªsf] lgwg eof] k'“hLkltju{n] /ftf/ft lrlgof“
sfdbf/ju{nfO{ s'lNrof] . pgLx? -sfdbf/x?_ ca b]zsf dflns /xg uPgg\ . lrlgof“
ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfbdf k};fsf] cy{ xf] zlQm / ;fdflhs x}l;ot . ;DklQsf] s]Gb|Ls/0faf6
sfdbf/ hg;d'bfonfO{ s+ufn agfPsf] 5 h;sf] kl/0ffd s] ePsf] 5 eg] pgLx?n] ;fdflhs
x}l;ot tyf k"j{df pkef]u ub{} cfPsf ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/x? u'dfPsf 5g\ . ca
pgLx? ;Ddfghgs ;dfhjfbL dhb'/ /xg uPgg\ a? af“Rgsf nflu j:t'sf ?kdf >dzlQm
a]Rg afWo 5g\ . pgLx? o:tf cf}hf/ ePsf 5g\ h;nfO{ k'“hLkltx?n] lgjf{w vl/b ug{
;S5g\ .
dhb'/x?sf] Pp6f lx:;fn] slyt /fHosf] :jfldTjo'Qm pBf]udf sfd u5{g\ . t/ /fHosf]
:jfldTjo'Qm zAbsf] jf:tljs cy{ xf] k'“hLkltsf] :jfldTj, lsgls dhb'/x?n]
k'“hLkltju{sf nflu cltl/Qm d'No pTkfbg ug{sf nflu sfd u5{g\ . dhb'/ju{sf] csf{]
lx:;f rflx+ 7"nf / ;fgf k'“hLkltx?sf bf; ag]sf 5g\ . pgLx?n] t emg}
zf]if0f / pTkL8g ;xg' kb{5 . o;sf cnfjf s/f]8f}+ dhb'/ / ls;fg 56gL / hah{:tL
a;fO{ ;/fO{sf lzsf/ ag]sf 5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ xftd'v hf]8\g wf}wf} eO/x]sf] 5 . pgLx?
sfdsf] vf]hLdf lg/Gt/ efubf}8 ug{ ljjz 5g\ tyf s]jn af“Rgsf nflu ;+3if{ ul//x]sf
5g\ . pgLx? / pgLx?sf kl/jf/sf] hLjg wfGgsf nflu >d Ps dfq ;xf/f ag]sf] 5 .
sfd Uof/]06Lsf] clwsf/ ca Toxf“ 5}g . lzIff, :jf:Yo ;]jf, ;f+:s[lts ultljlw,
v]ns'b / sfg'gL pkrf/sf] Joj;foLs/0fn] ubf{ pgLx? cfºgf aRrfx?nfO{ :s"n
k7fpgaf6 al~rt 5g\ . :jf:Yo ;]jfdf pgLx?sf] kx'“r 5}g . k]G;g / a[4fj:yf;“u
;DalGwt cGo clwsf/x? vf]l;Psf 5g\ . ;f+:s[lts, dgf]/~hgfTds / v]ns'b ultljlwdf ;xefuL
x'g] clwsf/af6 oxf“;Dd ls sfg'gL ;'/Iffsf] clwsf/af6 ;d]t pgLx? al~rt 5g\ .
o;sf cltl/Qm k'“hLkltju{n] cl3 a9fPsf] nfnrdf cfwfl/t ljsf;af6 ;fwg ;|f]tsf]
aaf{bL / jftfj/0fLo k|b'if0fdf l;w} a[l4 ePsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ dhb'/ju{n] :j:y
ef]hg, ;kmf k]ohn / ;kmf xfjfsf] clwsf/ u'dfPsf] 5 . ul/aLn] ubf{ pgLx?n] csygLo
b'Mv ef]Ug' k/]sf] 5 .
t;y{ Pp6f /]vf :ki6 ?kdf sf]l/Psf] 5 . dfcf]T;]t'ª lrlgof“ >dhLjL
ju{sf g]tf x'g'x'G5 . pxf“ (% k|ltzteGbf a9L hg;d'bfosf g]tf x'g'x'G5 . ;fd|fHojfbL
;+zf]wgjfbL / k'“hLkltju{ tyf rLgleq / aflx/sf ;Dk"0f{ k|ltlqmofjfbLx?n]
dfcf]T;]t'ªsf] lj/f]w ub{5g\, pxf“nfO{ 3[0ff ub{5g\, hals hg;d'bfon]
pxf“nfO{ dfof ub{5g\ . pxf“ o; ;+;f/af6 ljbf ePsf] hlthlt w]/} ;do laTb}
hfG5, ToltTolt pxf“sf] pu|lj/f]w zq'x?n] ub{5g\ eg] hgtfn] pxf“nfO{ ulx/f],
cljrn, xflb{s tyf cToGt clws dfof ub{5g\ . dfcf]T;]t'ªsf] lj/f]w / dfcf]T;]t'ª
lj?4 km};nfsf] 3f]if0ff ug{]x? jf:tjdf xf“;f]sf kfq ag]sf 5g\ lsgls hg;d'bfon]
pgLx?sf] km};nfnfO{ cIf/;M cdfGo ul/lbPsf 5g\ . oL jif{x?df rLgdf af/af/ b]vfkg{]
dfcf]T;]t'ª hf]8n] dfcf]T;]t'ªdfly b'O{j6f ;/sf/L k|:tfjåf/f km};nf ;'gfpg]
p2]ZonfO{ k|efjsf/L 9+un] v08g ul/lbPsf] 5 . oL km};nf lrlgof“ / ;+;f/el/sf
hgtfnfO{ cdfGo 5g\ .
t]ª:ofcf]lkª, lhofª hldg / pgLx? h:t} cGox?n] cfkm"nfO{ s]Gb|
dfGg] ub{5g\ jf rLgsf] ;'wf/sf l;NkL eGg] ub{5g\ cyjf tLg k|ltlglwTjx?sf]
l;4fGtsf n]vs eG5g\ . pgLx?sf pknlAw / sfo{nfO{ lgofNg] xf] eg] s] yfxf x'G5 eg]
pgLx?n] s]jn ;fd|fHojfb / k'“hLkltju{sf] lxtsf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5g\ . kl5Nnf @*
jif{sf] P]ltxfl;s Jojxf/ / 7f]; ;fdflhs jf:tljstfn] xfd|f cf“vf vf]lnlbPsf
5g\, xfd|f] ju{r]tgfnfO{ p7fOlbPsf 5g\ . xfd|f] kf6L{leqsf k'“hLjfbLx? lrlgof“
k'“hLkltju{sf 6fpsf] / 9f8sf x8\8L x'g\ . pgLx? 3f]/ :jfyL{ 5g\ / hah{:t ?kdf
k'“hLjfbL af6f] cjnDag u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx? kf6L{aflx/sf k'“hLkltx?eGbf cTolws
eofgs 5g\ lgb{oL nf]eL / ;Gb]xf:kb 5g\ .
aL; aif{sf cjlwdf s] eof] < kf6L{leqsf 7'nf / ;fgf k'“hLjfbLkyufdLx?
/ pgLx?sf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? v/aklt ag]sf 5g\ . s:n] kTofpg] pgsf ;dfhjfbsf s'/f /
tLg k|ltlglwTjsf s'/f em'7f xf]Ogg\ eg]/ < pgLx? jf:tjdf k'“hLjfb rfxG5g\
lsgeg] k'“hLjfbn] dfq pgLx?nfO{ kmfObf k'¥ofp“5 . pgLx? ;dfhjfb / hgtfsf zq'
x'g\ .
k/Gt' xfdLn] s] s'/f la;{g' x'“b}g eg] h] eP klg lrlgof“ sDo'lg:6
kf6L{ Tof] kf6L{ xf] h;sf] :yfkgf dfcf]T;]t'ªn] ug{'ePsf] xf] . o:tf] kf6L{ xf]
h;sf] qmflGtsf/L k/Dk/f /x]sf] 5 . of] To:tf] kf6L{ xf] h;n] v'|Zr]esf] ;+zf]wgjfb
lj?4 ;+3if{nfO{ cl3 a9fPsf] lyof] / ;f+:s[lts qmflGtaf6 O:kfltnf] ag]sf] lyof] .
To;}n], h;/L kf6L{leq k'“hLjfbLkyufdLx? 5g\ To;}u/L o;leq ;dfhjfbL kyufdLx?
klg lglZrt ?kdf 5g\, ljz]ifu/L w/ftnLo oyfy{df . cfd kf6L{ Sof8/x?sf] cTolws
ax';+Vof kf6L{leqsf] ;+zf]wgjfbL g]tfx?k|lt ?i6 5 . pgLx? kf6L{sf] jt{dfg nfOgdf
kl/jt{g / ;dfhjfbL af6f]df jfk;L b]Vg rfxG5g\ . s]xL t of] l:yltnfO{ laNs'n} ;xg]
l:yltdf 5}gg\ . pgLx? v'Nnf ?kdf jt{dfg g]t[TjnfO{ r'gf}tL lbg yfn]sf 5g\ . t/
klg w]/}n] cfºgf] / cfºgf kl/jf/sf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu d'v vf]Ng rfxb}gg\ . h;/L
;+zf]wgjfbL u'6 lghLs/0flt/ tLj| j]un] a9\b}5 . xfdLnfO{ s] ljZjf; 5 eg] rLgdf
ju{cGtlj{/f]w tLj| x'g]5 / hg;d'bfon] cfºgf] ;+3if{nfO{ cem} tLj| kfg{]5g\ . ha
ju{lj/f]w / ;+3if{x? /fi6«JofkL ?kdf r/d ;Ldfdf k'Ug]5 kf6L{, ;/sf/ / ;]gfleqsf
;+zf]wgjfbLx?sf] jf:tljs rl/qsf] hfgsf/L ePsf dflg;x?n] o;sf lj?4 ;+3if{nfO{ tLj|
kfg{]5g\ / ;j{xf/fju{sf sfo{stf{x?;“u pgLx? km]l/ P]Soa4tf sfod ug{]5g\ .
pgLx?n] dfcf]T;]t'ªsf] em08f a'nGb ub{} rLgdf ;dfhjfbsf nflu ;+3if{sf] k'gM
z'?jft ug{]5g\ .
xfd|f] ;+;f/df ha;Dd ju{ / ju{;+3if{ hf/L /xG5 ta;Dd dfcf]T;]t'ª
lhp“bf] x'g'x'G5 . ta;Dd pTkLl8t / zf]liftju{sf g]tf x'g'x'G5 . rLgsf]
;Dk"0f{ Oltxf;n] s] ;fljt u/]sf] 5 eg] ha;Dd qmflGtsf/L hg;d'bfon]
dfcf]T;]t'ªsf] lbzflgb{]zgnfO{ b[9tfsf ;fy cg'z/0f ug{]5g\ pgLx?sf] ;+3if{n]
Pskl5 csf{] hLt xfl;n ug{]5 . hg;d'bfosf] ;+3if{ g} xfd|f] ljZjf; / tfutsf] c6'6
;|f]t xf] .
krf{
af“8]sf] cleof]udf rLgsf dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ tLg jif{sf] sf/fuf/ ;hfo
36gfsf]
;+lIfKt ljj/0f
xfn}sf jif{x?df dfcf]sf] lgwgsf lbg l;tDa/ ( df em]ªh' rf}/fxfdf /flvPsf]
dfcf]sf] zflnssf ;fd' w]/} hgtf Psq eP/ Rofb/ /flvlbP/ sljtf jfrg u/]/ dfcf]sf]
:d/0f ug{] u/]sf 5g\ . x/]s jif{ Toxf“ k|x/Lx?sf] 7"nf] pkl:ylt /xg]
u/]sf] 5 h;n] ubf{ 6s/fj / lu/ºtf/Lsf 36gfx? x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .
o; jif{ k'gM ( l;tDa/df Toxf“ eL8 hDdf eof] . t'ngfTds ?kdf Toxf“
zflGt lyof] lsgeg] Toxf“ eL8nfO{ ha{h:tL ltt/ljt/ kfg{ k'ln; k7fOPsf] lyPg .
Pshgf :yfgLo jfl;Gbf emfª em]ªofcf]nfO{ eg] e8sfp / ljv08gsf/L 7x/fOPsf krf{
ljt/0f u/]sf] cf/f]kdf ;fbf kf]zfssf Ph]06x?n] laxfg !) ah] lu/ºtf/ u/] . emfªn]
ljt/0f u/]sf] krf{ rflx+ dfcf]T;]t'ª ;bf xfd|f g]tf x'g'x'G5 zLif{s /flvPsf]
krf{ lyof], hf] ljz]if ?kdf dfcf]sf] :d[ltdf n]lvPsf] lyof] . l;tDa/ !) tfl/v !
ah] em]ªh' l;6L k'ln;n] emfª h]ªofcf]nfO{ xts8Ldf tnf;Lsf nflu km]l/ pgsf] ºNof6df
nUof] . pgLx?n] Toxf“af6 sDo'6/, ar]sf krf{ / cGo b:tfj]hx? nu] . o; 36gfdf
tLg cGo JolQmx?nfO{ klg km;fOof] . jfª emfªlsªnfO{ cfºgf] Pshgf kl/lrtsf]
dfWodaf6 Pp6f 5fkfvfgfaf6 krf{ 5kfpg] Joj:yf ldnfOlbPsf] cleof]udf aGbL agfOof]
. emfª ?Sjfg tyf emfªh]ªofcf]sL kTgL lu lnOªnfO{ lgu/fgLdf /flvof] . emfªn]
emfªem]ªofcf]sf] cg'/f]wdf ;f] krf{ slyt ?kdf n]v]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . >LdtL
lun] dfcf]jfbL j]e;fO6 dfcf]h]8f]ª ºNof6df ;f] krf{ /fv]sf] elgPsf] 5 .
36gfaf/] rLgsf] jfdv]dfdf ;d]t ljNs'n} rrf{ ePg . em'ªh'sf] qmflGtsf/L
dfcf]jfbLx?sf] s]Gb|sf ?kdf Voflt 5 . xfn}sf jif{x?df oxf“ dfcf] hoGtLsf cj;/df
dhb'/x?n] tLj| k|lt/f]w u/]sf 5g\ / k|x/Lx?;“u af/Daf/ em8k ePsf] 5 . s}of}+k6s
cg]sf}+ sfo{stf{x?nfO{ lu/ºtf/ ul/Psf] / aGbL agfOPsf] cg'ej 5 . of] 36gf / ;DalGwt
lu/ºtf/Lx?nfO{ dxTjk"0f{ 7flgPg lsgls x' lhGtfcf] jfd v]dfsf] c;Gt'li6k|lt
clws ;lxi0f' dflgG5g\ . t/ clwsf/Lx?n] eg] o;k6s pgLx?dfly sfg'gL zlQmsf] k|of]u
u/] . d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ l8;]Da/ !$ sf nflu lgwf{l/t lyof] . o;nfO{ abn]/ l8;]Da/
@$ df nluof] . k|f/lDes ?kdf pgLx?dfly ljv08gsf/Lsf] cf/f]k nufOPsf] lyof] . t/
kl5 To;nfO{ vf/]h u/L Tof]eGbf sd ck/fwsf] cf/f]k nufOof] .
jfdkGyL em'sfj /fVg] j]e;fO6df :ylut ;'g'jfOsf] ;dfrf/ km}lng z'? eof] .
w]/} j]e;fO6n] pk/f]Qm krf{ k|sflzt u/] . of] rLgsf] jfdv]dfdf rrf{sf] ljifo
ag]sf] 5 . klxn]sf] 3f]if0ffsf] ljkl/t l8;]Da/ @! sf] ;'g'jfO aGb sf]7fdf ul/of]
. Tof] lbg rLgsf] cGo If]qaf6 ;d]t w]/} dflg;x? P]Soa4tf k|s6 ug{ Toxf“ k'u]
t/ pgLx?n] ;'g'jfO eO/x]sf] 7fp“df k|j]z kfpg ;s]gg\ . Tof] lbg emfª em]ªofcf]
/ emfª ?So'gsf] dfq jofg lnOof] . b'j}nfO{ bf]ifL 7x/fOof] / tLg jif{sf] ;hfo
tf]lsof] . cGo b'O{sf] ;'g'jfOsf] ldlt cem} tf]lsg af“sL 5 .
ha pbf/jfbL n]vs lnplhofcf]af] / o'hLnfO{ xfn} yf]/} ;dosf nflu k'ln;n]
aGbL agfof], ljZjJofkL ?kdf sf]nfxn dlRrof] . pbf/jfbL n]vsx?n] O/fsdfly cd]l/sL
cfqmd0fsf] ;dy{gn] pgLx?nfO{ d/8f]ssf] k|e'Tj /x]sf] k|];n] emg\ lx/f] agfOlbof]
. t/, Tof] eGbf klg s'Voft dfldnf h;cGtu{t c;xdltsf] cfjfhnfO{ lgd{dtfk"j{s
s'lNrof], To;af/] eg] ldl8ofdf s'g} ;dfrf/ lbOPg . o;df crDd dfGg' kg{] s'g}
sf/0f 5}g . lsgeg] of] c;xdltsf] :j/ jfdkGyLx?sf] xf] . k'“hLjfbsf]
k'gj{xfnLsf] lgGbf / ;dfhjfbL af6f]df kmls{g] cfx\jfg ub{} dfcf]sf] @* cf}+
lgjf{0f lbj;sf] cj;/df krf{ ljt/0f u/]sf] cleof]udf em]ªh'df rf/hgf dfcf]jfbLx?
lj?4 @! l8;Da/ @))$ df d'2f rnfOof] . b'O{ hgf k|ltjfbLx?, %^ jifL{o emfª h]ªofcf]
/ ^( jifL{o emfª ?SjfgnfO{ dfgxflgsf] bf]ifL 7x/ u/L @$ l8;]Da/ @))$ df tLgtLg
jif{sf] sf/fuf/ b08 lbOof] . To;a]nfb]lv of] dfldnfn] rLgsf] jfdkGyL v]dfdf lgs}
P]Soa4tfsf] l;h{gf ul/lbPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf s]xL lbgx?b]lv krf{sf] ;f/ cg'jfb rLgsf]
k|d'v jfdkGyL j]e;fO6df /flvPsf] 5 . dfcf]T;]t'ª ;bf xfd|f] g]tf x'g'x'G5 .
zLif{ssf] of] krf{ dfcf]sf] :d/0fdf ;f] j]e;fO6df /flvPsf] xf] . krf{sf ;fydf
o;sf n]vssf] l6Kk0fL klg /flvPsf] 5 hf] hf] d'2fsf] ;'g'jfOsf lbg @! l8;]Da/df
P]Soa4tf k|s6 ug{ h]ªhfp k'u]sf lyP . tL n]vx? rLg cWoog ;d"xsf xfd|f sd/]8x?n]
cg'jfb ug{' ePsf] 5 / xfdLnfO{ dGynL l/Eo'sf] j]e;fO8df /flvlbg cfu|x ug{'ePsf]
5 . xfdLnfO{ o;f] ubf{ v'zL nfu]sf] 5 . xfdLnfO{ s] ljZjf; 5 eg] rLgleqsf]
jfdkGyL ljkIfsf] af/]df ;+;f/df ;a}eGbf sd va/ 5flkO/x]sf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf o;nfO{
Pp6f ;zQm 36gfsf ?kdf cl3 a9fpg ;lsg]5 .
;fef/M
dGynL l/Eo"af6