n]v
;f}Gbo{
lrGtgsf] gof“ kIf / snf–;[hgsfo{
8f=Clif/fh
a/fn
ljifok|j]z
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g]t[Tjdf g]kfnL hgtfn] rnfPsf] dxfg\
hgo'4 ca bzf}+ jif{df k|j]z ub{}5 . o;aLr Tofu, jlnbfg / ;dk{0fsf cyfx
sLlt{dfgx? lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ . oyfy{sf gjLg kf6f / kIfx? d"lt{s[t ePsf
5g\ . ;+Vof u'0fdf ¿kfGtl/t x'g yfn]sf] 5 . ;'Gb/ / s'¿ksf kl/efiffx?
km]l/Psf 5g\ . ljifo / ljifoL Ps–csf{df ¿kfGtl/t ePsf 5g\ . Wj+z /
lgdf{0fsf] lg/Gt/ k|lqmofaf6 gof“ ljrf/ ljsl;t ePsf] 5 . of] ;ª\lIfKt
n]vdf gof“ ;f}Gbo{lrGtgn] ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ng tyf ;[hgsfo{df kf/]sf] k|efj /
lbzfaf]wsf] af/]df cle/]vfÍg ug{] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .
P]ltxfl;stf
dfS;{–P+u]N;n] j:t'hut\ / r]tgf;DaGwL j}1flgs b[li6sf]0fsf] ljsf;
ug{'eof] . pxf“x?n] cfwf/ / clw/rgf;DaGwL P]ltxfl;s k|:yfkgf k|:t't
ug{'eof] . ;flxTo–snfnfO{ cfwf/dfly plePsf] clw/rgfsf] Pp6f ljrf/wf/fTds
¿k dfGb} o;sf] juL{o rl/q / kIfw/tfdf hf]8 lbg'eof] . k'“hLjfbL cdfgjLo
snfsf] lj/f]w ub{} pxf“x?n] snfn] ;j{xf/fju{sf] ;]jf ug{'kg{] s'/fdf hf]8
lbg'eof] . k|f¿kLotf, snfTds k|ltljDag, kIfw/tf / k|lta4tf h:tf s'/fdf
pxf“sf] ljz]if hf]8 /x\of] .
n]lggsf] ;do;Dd cfOk'Ubf ;fd|fHojfb gof“ lsl;dn] ljsl;t x'g yfn]sf]
lyof] . k'“hLjfb x/]s df]rf{df cfkm"nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{] k|lqmofdf lyof] .
o;sf lj?4 ljrf/wf/fTds If]q To;df klg ;flxTo–snfnfO{ gof“ lsl;dn] k|of]u ug{'
cfjZos lyof] . n]lggn] ljrf/wf/fTds k|lta4tfnfO{ pRrtf k|bfg ub{} kf6L{
k|lta4tfdf hf]8 lbg'eof] . ;dfh ¿kfGt/0fdf ;flxTo–snfsf] dxŒjk"0f{
e"ldsf x'g] s'/fsf] af]wsf ;fy pxf“n] qmflGtsf bf“tL / k]rsf ¿kdf
d"NofÍg ug{'eof] .
dfcf]sf] ;do;Dd cfOk'Ubf dfS;{jfbL ;f}Gbo{lrGtgn] cem yk ljsf; / lj:tf/
kfof] . rLgsf] ljlzi6 kl/l:yltdf pxf“n] gof“ hgjfbL /fhgLltnfO{ cl3
;f/]/ To;}cg'¿k gof“ hgjfbL ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ngsf] lj:t[t vfsf k|:t't ug{'eof] .
;flxTo–snfsf] ;|f]t, o;sf] ju{rl/q, /fhgLlts / snfTds dfgb08, pkof]lutf, ;/nLs/0f
/ :t/Ls/0f, ;f+:s[lts ;]gf / lg/Gt/ ;ª\3if{;DaGwL wf/0ff dfcf]n] cl3 ;fg{'eof] .
cfwf/ / clw/rgfsf ;DaGwdf dfcf]sf wf/0ff snf–;flxTosf ;Gbe{df dxŒjk"0f{
kIfx? x'g\ .
dfS;{jfbL ;f}Gbo{lrGtgsf] kl5Nnf] r/0f lrlgof“ dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts
qmflGtsf] hudf pleP/ cl3 a9]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ ult lbg g]kfnL sDo'lg:6
cfGbf]ngsf] qmflGtsf/L wf/ / o;}sf aLraf6 ljsl;t gof“ ljrf/sf] e"ldsf dxŒjk"0f{
/x]sf] 5 . dxfg\ hgo'4sf] cf/De;“u} hGd]sf] gof“ oyfy{sf]
k|ltljDag;“u} snf–;[hgsfo{n] gjLgtf kfof] . cfjZostfsf] ;+;f/af6 :jtGqtfsf]
;+;f/df 5nfª xfGg] gof“ cleofg / Wj+z / lgdf{0fsf] dxfg\ k|lqmofsf aLraf6
ljsl;t gof“ ljrf/–>[+vnf k|r08ky g} ;f}Gbo{lrGtgsf] If]qdf gof“ ljrf/wf/fTds
cfwf/ aGof] . o;} cy{df o;nfO{ gof“ ;f}Gbo{lrGtg eGg ;lsG5 . g]kfnL
;dfhsf] ljZj kl/l:ylt / g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljsf;sf] ljlzi6 l:yltdf ljsl;t lrGtgsf
sf/0f o;nfO{ PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] ;f}Gbo{lrGtg–>[+vnf klg eGg ;lsG5 .
k|r08kyLo
gof“ ;f}Gbo{lrGtg
k|r08kyLo ;f}Gbo{lrGtgsf] k|d'v cfwf/ dfn]dfsf] g]kfnL wtL{df ljsl;t
ljlzi6 ljrf/–>[+vnf k|r08ky g} xf] . hgo'4 l;lh{t dxfg\ Wj+z / dxfg\
lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofdf g} gof“ ;f}Gbo{lrGtgsf] ljsf; ePsf] xf] . ;xL cy{df
gof“ ljrf/sf] Jofjxfl/s kIfaf6 l;lh{t oyfy{ g} gof“ ;f}Gbo{lrGtgsf] cfwf/ /
ljsf;sf] ;|f]t xf] . æ;du| o'4sf ¿kdf cufl8 a9\b} cfPsf] g]kfnL hgo'4 cfºgf]
;f/tŒjdf ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 Pp6f dxfg\ ;f+:s[lts o'4 klg xf]Æ!
o; egfOdf hgo'4sf] ;du| rl/q / p2]Zo k|:6 ePsf] 5 .
k|r08kyLo ;f}Gbo{lrGtgnfO{ cWoog–;fdu|Lsf] ¿kdf a'‰g k|d'v ¿kdf sfd/]8
k|r08sf j}rfl/s–/fhg}lts n]vflbx? cfwf/e"t ;|f]tx? x'g\ eg] ;flxTo–snf,
;+:s[lt / ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ng;DaGwL n]vflbx?, cGtjf{tf{ / l6Kk0fLx? yk JofVof /
ljZn]if0fsf kf7\o;fdu|Lx? x'g\ . ;+:s[lt, snf / ;f}Gbo{lrGtg@
k|r08kyLo ;f}Gbo{lrGtgnfO{ a'‰g] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ cfwf/–;fdu|Lo'Qm
b:tfj]h xf] . o;n] k|r08kyLo ljrf/>[+vnfsf] s]Gb|Lotfdf ljsl;t PSsfO;f}+
ztfAbLsf] qmflGtsf/L ;f}Gbo{lrGtgsf] Pp6f k|:6 vfsf k|:t't ub{5 .
k|r08kyLo ;f}Gbo{lrGtgnfO{ lgDg a'“bfdf JoQm ug{ ;lsG5– !_ /fhgLlt /
snfsf] cGt;{DaGwsf kIfdf -@_ oyfy{ / k|ltljDagsf ;DaGwdf -#_ ;+zf]wgjfb lj?4sf]
;ª\3if{sf ;DaGwdf -$_ k|lta4tf / :jtGqtfsf ;DaGwdf -%_ lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf ;DaGwdf
-^_ PsLs[t sdf08sf ;DaGwdf -&_ l;h{gzLn k|of]uzLntfsf ;DaGwdf -*_
cGt3{'ngsf] l;4fGtsf ;DaGwdf -(_ b'MvfGtsf ;DaGwdf -!)_ hftLo / juL{o ;+:s[ltsf]
cGt;{DaGwsf ;DaGwdf -!!_ Wj+z / lgdf{0fsf] åGåfTdstfsf ;DaGwdf -!@_ ;f+:s[lts
;fd|fHojfbsf] lj?4 hgjfbL e"–d08nLs/0fsf ;DaGwdf -!#_ pQ/cfw'lgstfjfbL
lje|dsf lj?4df -!$_ cfwf/ / clw/rgfsf ;Gbe{df .
k|r08kyLo ;f}Gbo{lrGtgsf] ;du| JofVof oxf“ ;Dej 5}g . k|r08kyLo ;f}Gbo{lrGtgn]
dfn]dfjfbL ;f}Gbo{lrGtgnfO{ ;d[4 agfPsf] oyfy{ rflx+ ljjfb/lxt 5 . o;sf]
k|efjnfO{ cflTds / ef}lts b'j} ¿kdf JofVof / juL{s/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . of] ;fj{ef}d
/ ljlzi6 b'j} kIfdf d'lt{s[t ag]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ gjLgd"Nosf] lgdf{0f tyf
k/Dk/fut ;Qf ;+:s[ltsf] :yfgdf gof“ ;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0fsf ¿kdf JofVof ug{
;lsG5 .
gjLg
d"Nol;t ;Da4 kIf
-!_ gof“ ljrf/sf] lgdf{0f -@_ gof“ cfbz{sf] :yfkgf -#_ pbfQ
d"Noaf]wsf] l:ylt -$_ Tofu, jlnbfg / pT;u{sf] pRrtfefj -%_ gJo laDa /
k|tLsx?sf] lgdf{0f .
k/Dk/fut
;f+:s[lts kIfsf] :yfgdf gjLg ;+:s[lt
-!_ j0f{ / hftsf cfwf/df ul/g] ;a} lsl;dsf lje]bsf] lj/f]w / ;j{xf/fjfbL
dfgjtfjfbL r]tgfsf] ljsf;–lj:tf/ -@_ k/Dk/fut rf8jf8 / /Lltl/jfhsf] :yfgdf gof“
rf8jf8 / kj{sf] :yfkgf -#_ cGwljZjf;, hfb'6'gf, af]S;L, wfdL–emf“qmLh:tf
cj}1flgs lrGtgsf] lj?4 j}1flgs lrGtgsf] :yfkgf -$_ ;+:sf/sf ¿kdf rNb} cfPsf hGd–d[To',
a|taGw, ljjfx cflbsf] lj:yfkg / gof“ / hgjfbL k4ltsf] ljsf; .
o;/L cflTds / ef}lts, ;fj{ef}d / ljlzi6 b'j} kIf k|r08kyLo ;f}Gbo{lrGtgsf
Jofjxfl/s kIfdf cg'ej / cg'e"t ug{ ;lsG5 . oyfy{tM gof“ ;f}Gbo{lrGtgn]
l;4fGt / k4lt b'j} If]qdf Pp6f gof“ cfGbf]ngsf] sfd u/]sf] 5 . /fhgLltsf]
dxŒjnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ kbfy{ / r]tgfsf ;DaGwdf gof“ lrGtg ug{' o;sf] dxŒjk"0f{
kIf xf] . r]tgf / kbfy{, cfjZostf / :jtGqtfsf aLrdf åGåfTds ;DaGwsf]
ljsf;df hf]8 k|r08kyLo ;f}Gbo{lrGtgsf] dxŒjk"0f{ kIf xf] .
gof“
;f}Gbo{lrGtg / snf–sfo{
s'g} klg l;h{gsfo{ ;f}Gbo{sf] lgodcg';f/ x'g] ub{5 . ;f}Gbo{lrGtgsf]
d"n p2]Zo ;h{s, >f]tf, bz{s, kf7s, k|]ifs / u|fxL, pTkfbs / pkef]Qmf ;a}nfO{
Pp6} ;f}Gbo{af]wsf] ljGb'df ;d]6\g] k|of; ug{' xf] . of] eg]sf] ljifo /
ljifoLaLrsf] pGdLng xf] . l;h{gsfo{dfkm{t\ gof“ oyfy{sf] k|ltlaDag ug{'
tyf j}rfl/s ;ª\3if{dfkm{t\ untsf] e08fkmf]/ / Wj+z ub{} gof“nfO{ :yflkt ug{'
k|r08kyLo lrGtgsf] dxŒjk"0f{ kIf xf] . o;n] o:tf] qmflGtsf/L
b[li6sf]0f lbPsf] 5 h;af6 ;h{s / kf7s ultzLn / l:y/, hLljt / d[t, ;fj{ef}d /
ljlzi6 oyfy{nfO{ 5'6\ofpg ;Ifdtf k|fKt x'G5 .
qmflGtsf/L cfzfjflbtf gof“ ;f}Gbo{lrGtgsf] dxŒjk"0f{ kIf xf] .
gof“ oyfy{n] ljrf/, e"uf]n, kl/j]z / cg'e"ltsf] Jofks cfofd k|bfg
u/]sf] 5 . of] s'/f l;h{gsfo{df k|ltlaDag ePsf] 5 . gof“–gof“ ;h{ssf]
ljsf;n] ljifoj:t' / l;h{gfsf] If]q ljsf; ePsf] 5 . zx/ / ufp“, n]vs /
kf7s, k|:tf]tf / ;|f]tf, hftLo / juL{o ;a} kIfdf b'/L 36]sf] 5 . k|lta4tf /
:jtGqtfsf], ;ª\3if{ / Pstfsf] a]hf]8 pbfx/0f kfOG5 . gof“ ;f}Gbo{lrGtgn]
qmflGtsf/L / ;+zf]wgjfbLx?nfO{ lrGg ;/n t/ alnof] ;f}Gbo{b[li6 k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .
dxfg\ hgo'4 / o;sf aLraf6 ljsl;t oyfy{n] kf/]sf] k|efj Pskf6] jf ;kf6 5}g .
gof“ oyfy{ ;+j]bgf / l;h{gzLntfsf] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ ;|f]t / phf{ ag]sf] 5 .
o'4 sljtfdo ag]sf] 5 / ;xefuLx? ;a} slj snfsf/ ag]sf 5g\ . ;flxTosf/–snfsf/x?
aGb'swf/L ;]gfdf km]l/g' / aGb'swf/L ;]gfx? ;flxlTos ;+j]bgfn] r'lng' gof“ ;f}Gbo{lrGtgsf]
pkh xf] . h]nh:tf] 7fp“ klg /rgf–l;h{gf / snfsfo{sf nflu sf/vfgf ag]sf]
5 . h]naf6} /fd|f/fd|f s[ltx? k|sfzgdf cfPsf 5g\ . ljleGg /fli6«o
efiffx?–tfdfª, g]jf/L, vfd, yf?, d}lynL, ef]hk'/L, cjlw, ls/f“t, td' cflb
efiffdf ;flxTo–l;h{gf tyf uLt–;+uLt lgdf{0f x'g', uLltrSsf k|sflzt x'g' Pp6f
dxTjk"0f{ kIf xf] . of] kIf l;h{gf / ;f}Gbo{af]wsf] If]qdf Jofks kl/j]z
lgdf{0fsf] Bf]ts xf] . l;h{gf / k|of]usf], Tofu / ;dk{0fsf] af]w /
cg'e"ltsf], ljifo / ljifoLaLrsf] olt ;'Gb/ ul/dfdo åGåfTdstf ljZj ;f+:s[lts
cfGbf]ngdf cGoq kfO“b}g . o;nfO{ ;Daf]wg gu/L o;sf ljkIfLx?;d]t cfºgf]
cl:tTj wfGg ;Ifd x'g g;s]sf] k|df0f o;sf lj?4 n]lvPsf syf, sljtf cflbaf6
cg'e"t ug{ ;lsG5 . of] gof“ oyfy{nfO{ g5f]O s'g} klg n]vsn] cfºgf]
pkl:ylt k|dfl0ft ug{ g;Sg] l:ylt aGg'af6 g} gof“ ljrf/sf], gof“ ljrf/af6
l;lh{t oyfy{sf] k|efjsfl/tf af]w ug{ ;lsG5 .
ljwfut
l:ylt
;flxTosf ;a} ljwfx?df o;sf] k|efj kg{' / o;} qmddf gof“gof“ ljwfx?
hlGdg', ;|i6fx? k|of]uzLntflt/ pGd'v x'g' o;sf] dxŒjk"0f{ kIf xf] .
k'/fgf]eGbf k'/fgf] ljwf dxfsfJo tyf gof“eGbf gof“ ljwf …gof“ kqsfl/tfÚ,
…zAblrqÚ df o;sf] tLj| k|efj kg{' o;sf] dxŒjk"0f{ kIf xf] . o'4kl/j]z
l;h{gfsf nflu afws xf]Og pa{/ aGb5 eGg] s'/f o; cjlwn] k|:6 kf/]sf] 5 . o'4
/ snfsf] ;DaGwnfO{ dxfg\ hgo'4n] gof“ lsl;dn] kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 . n]vg /
k|sfzg, ;ª\3if{ / knfog, u'0f / ;+Vof, l;+uf] cfGbf]ngsf] rl/q cfkm}“df Pp6f
gof“ cfGbf]ng ag]sf] 5 . gof“ oyfy{sf] pb\af]wgdf x'6x'6L, cfTd;ª\3if{,
gof“ s]xL ug{] b[9 OR5fzlQm / j}rfl/s ;ª\3if{sf] cu|kª\lQmdf pleg] pT;fx /
k|lta4tfsf] ;'Gb/ ;+of]hg o; cjlwsf /rgfdf kfpg ;lsG5 .
sljtf
M sljtf ;/;/tL x]bf{ ;/n / ;xh ljwfh:tf] nfu] klg of] hl6n / uDeL/ l;h{gsfo{
xf] . sljtfnfO{ d"ntM /fufTds cleJolQmsf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . t/
of] /fufTds dfq xf]Og ljrf/–ljDadf cleJoQm x'g] snf–sfo{ xf] . gof“
oyfy{sf] ;jf{lws k|efj u'0f / ;+Vof b'j} b[li6n] o;} ljwfdf k/]sf] 5 .
o;n] gof“ oyfy{nfO{ :yflkt u/fpg, ;|i6fx?nfO{ lrgfpg, dxŒjk"0f{ sfo{
u/]sf] 5 . Oltxf;sf] o; 38Ldf -@)%%_, aGbL / rGb|flul/ -@)%*_, alu/x]sf]
;'gsf]zL -@)%*_, o;/L b]z dl//x]5 -@)^)_, h"gsf] b]zaf6 -@)%&_,
zxLbufyf -@)%^_ o; ljwfsf dxŒjk"0f{ s[ltx? x'g\ . OR5's,
k"0f{lj/fd, O{Zj/rGb| 1jfnL, dl0f yfkfsf] :yflkt lk+9L ;“u;“u} clgn
zdf{, u+uf >]i7, nf]s]Gb| lji6, lbnLk >]i7, u0f]z e08f/L, ;To kxf8L,
an/fd ltldlN;gfsf] Pp6f k|ltefzfnL lk+9L 5 / gof“ k|ltefx?– piff du/, /fhaxfb'/
s'“j/, b]jL/fd b]jsf]6f, k'/g zdf{, ltns dNn, cflbsf] gof“ k':tf klg o;
If]qdf ;lqmotfsf ;fy b]vfk/]sf] 5 .
syf–pkGof;M
pkGof;–syfnfO{ ljwfut b[li6n] cfVofgcGtu{t /fVg] ul/G5 . cfVofg ;fdflhs
hLjgsf ljljw hl6n kf6f / kIfnfO{ k|:t't ug{] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ ljwf xf] .
o;df klg o; kIfnfO{ pb\3fl6t ug{ pkGof;sf] dxŒj ljz]if /xg] ub{5 .
o;qmddf 3gZofd 9sfnsf] /ftf] cfsfz -@)^)_ / u+uf >]i7sf] Hjfnfd'vLdflysf]
ofqf -@)^)_ k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ h;n] /fHocft+ssf] lr/kmf/ / k|lt/f]wsf]
pWj{ufdLtfnfO{ k|ltljlDat ub{5g\ .
syf n]vg o; cjlwsf] dxŒjk"0f{ kIf xf] . ;+Vof / u'0f b'j}
b[li6n] o; cjlwdf pNn]vgLo syfx? l;h{gf ePsf 5g\ . jgdfG5]sf] syf
-@)%$_, cfhsf] dxfef/t -@)%%_, hg;d/sf ofqLx? -@)%^_, O:kftn] ag]sf dfG5]x?
-@)%^_, ;}Gopkxf/ -@)%*_ k|lt/f]w -@)^)_ o; If]qdf k|sflzt dxŒjk"0f{
syf ;ª\u|xx? x'g\ . zxLb ;|i6f cGhfg lj/xLsf] ;ªu|x klg o; cjlwdf
k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . Clif/fh a/fn, ;L=kL=uh'/]nnufot gof“ k|ltefx?, ;f}uft
cfrfo{, sdnaxfb'/ yfkf, lji0f'axfb'/ lj=s=, bftf/fd zdf{, n]sfnL v8\sf,
emsaxfb'/ dNn, ljlelifsf, o; If]qdf ;lqmotfsf ;fy b]vfk/]sf 5g\ .
lgaGw–;+:d/0fM
;+:d/0f o; cjlwsf] ;a}eGbf a9L n]lvPsf] / ;a}eGbf kl9g] nf]slk|o ljwf xf] .
hgd'lQm ;]gfdf kf7sLo / n]vsLo b'j} b[li6n] o;sf] ;+Vof al9/x]sf] 5 .
ljleGg gfdn] n]lvPsf lgaGw / ;+:d/0fsf] cfwf/df o;sf ;a} ;|i6fx?sf] gfd
pNn]v ug{ ufx|f] 5 . ;+:d/0f n]vgdf s]xL gfdx? a9L lrlgPsf 5g\, tLdWo]
;L=kL=uh'/]n, gjLg ;ª\3if{, k|HHjn -dfOnf nfdf_, Pr\=kL=lxdfnL, /fh]Gb|
yfkf, rlDsnf] tf/f -l/taxfb'/ v8\sf_ u+uf >]i7, r'g' u'?ª, n]vgfy
Gof}kfg] -k|]d;'wf_ ;To kxf8L, /fdbLk cfrfo{, kf/;dl0f nDh]n, s'ndfg a'9f,
P6d, emsaxfb'/ dNn, u0f]z e08f/L, hok'/L 3tL{nufot y'k|} gfdx? o; ljwfl;t
uf“l;Psf 5g\ .
otf cfP/ lgaGw–n]vgdf klg ;|i6fx?sf] ljz]if ?lr/x]sf] kfOG5 .
ljutdf o; If]qdf Jo+Uo–lgaGwnufot cfTdk/s–j:t'k/s lgaGw n]lvPsf lyP / To;nfO{
OR5's, lbn ;fxgL, uf]kLGb| kf}8\ofn, O{Zj/rGb| 1jfnL, k|]d ;'wfn] ;d[4 agfPsf
5g\ . jt{dfgdf klg o; ljwfnfO{ chobLk zdf{, emsaxfb'/ dNn, /fdbLk cfrfo{, /fhaxfb'/
s'j“/ cflbn] ;lqmotfsf ;fy cl3 a9fPsf 5g\ .
zAblrqM
of] kl5 ljsl;t ljwf xf] . o;df cfVofg, lgaGwsfl/tf, kqsfl/tf /
;+:d/0fljwfsf] cGt3{'ng ul/Psf] x'G5 . o; ljwfn] k|z:t zAb–e08f/ / /rgfsf}zntf;“u}
sljtfTds efiff–z}nLsf] klg dfu ub{5 . …;fOnf † kmf}hL hLjg t ;fx|f]
kf] x'“bf]/x]5Ú, …;fOnf † /dfpg ;s]g dg sf7df8f}+dfÚ h:tf] n]vgnfO{
zAblrq eGg] ul/G5 . cfTdk/stf / j:t'k/stfsf] ld>0f x'g] x'gfn]
oyfy{sf] lrq0fsf ;fy} k7gdf klg /f]rstf x'g' o;sf] ljz]iftf xf] .
uLtM
gof“ oyfy{ uLt n]vg tyf ufogsf b[li6n] Pp6f sf/vfgf g}
ag]sf] 5 . hgo'4 uLt–;+uLtsf nflu ch;|;|f]t ag]sf] 5 .
k'/fgf] k':tfsf] lg/Gt/tf / gof“ k|ltefsf] ;lqmotf o; ljwfsf b[li6n] dxŒjk"0f{
kIf xf] . u'0f / ;+Vof b'j} b[li6n] o; ljwfdf pNn]Vo sfo{ ePsf] 5 .
v'zL/fd kflv|g, dl0f yfkf, lxtdfg zfSo, r'g' u'?ª, dfOnf nfdf, k"0f{
3tL{, 8L=aL= yfkf, lzj >]i7, h'un, Rofªjf nfdf, lbnLk >]i7, s'ndfg
a'9f o; If]qsf dxŒjk"0f{ k|ltefx? x'g\ . To:t} O{Zj/rGb| 1jfnL,
u+uf >]i7, n]sfnL v8\sf, k'lgt, k|eft -xif{axfb'/ dNn_ 8L=aL=nfdf, df]lxt,
;"o{ cflbsf uLtx? klg ;flxlTos–;f+uLlts b'j} b[li6n] pNn]Vo 5g\ .
n]v–;dfnf]rgf–;f}Gbo{lrGtgM
oyfy{nfO{ k|ltlaDag ug{] sfddf l;h{gsfo{sf] ljlzi6 e"ldsf /x]em}+ ljrf/nfO{
:yflkt ug{], j}rfl/s ;ª\3if{nfO{ tLj| agfpg] tyf k|ltefx?nfO{ :yflkt ug{]
tyf Oltxf;sf] clen]v lgdf{0f ug{] sfddf n]v, ;dfnf]rgf, ;f}Gbo{lrGtgsf] dxŒjk"0f{
e"ldsf /xG5 . oyfy{tM ;f}Gbo{lrGtg g} l;h{gf / ;dfnf]rgfsf] klg
cfwf/;|f]t xf] . o; kIfdf dxŒjk"0f{ sfd x'g' o; cjlw / o; If]qsf]
dxŒjk"0f{ k|flKt xf] . ;+VofeGbf u'0fsf b[li6n] o; kIfdf pNn]Vo
sfd ePsf] 5 . r}tGo o; If]qdf ;jf{lws dxŒjk"0f{ / rrf{of]Uo gfd
xf] . ev{/} k|sflzt pxf“sf] k':ts g]kfnL ;dfh / ;+:s[ltM Ps ;+lIfKt
cWoog Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ k|sfzg xf] . To;/L u/L dfS;{jfbL lrGtgsf]
If]qdf nfdf] cg'ej k|fKt zlQm nD;fnsf] k':ts dfS;{jfb, ;dfh / ;flxTo -@)^!_
klg o; If]qsf] pNn]Vo s[lt xf] . jt{dfgsf ;Gbe{df dfqeGbf o; If]qdf Clif/fh
a/fn, O{Zj/rGb| 1jfnLsf] sndn] lg/Gt/tf kfPsf] kfOG5 . To;}u/L n]v ;dfnf]rgfsf]
If]qdf /fhaxfb'/ s'j“/ ;lqmotfsf ;fy nfu]sf kfOG5g\ . n]v tyf
zf]wsfo{df /fhaxfb'/ s'j“/sf] ;lqmotf ljz]if pNn]Vo ag]sf] 5 .
ljljw
M k|aGw, PsflÍ, uhn, n]vgtkm{ klg s]xL o'jf ;flxTosf/x?n] snd rnfPsf] kfOG5 .
;flxlTos
k|sfzgx? M qmflGtsf/L ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ngsf] k|rf/–k|rf/ ug]{ tyf
l;h{gsfo{nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{] sfddf ;flxlTos k|sfzgnufot ;fKtflxs / cGo ;d;fdlos
k|sfzgx?sf] e"ldsf dxŒjk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . snd ;flxlTos q}dfl;s
o; sfo{df ;a}eGbf cu'jf ag]sf] 5 . j}rfl/s ;ª\3if{nfO{ tLj|tf lbg], ;f}Gbo{lrGtgnfO{
:yfg lbg] tyf gof“ k|ltefx? hGdfpg] / x'sf{pg] sfo{df o;sf] dxŒjk"0f{
e"ldsf /lxcfPsf] 5 . ;f+:s[lts ljz]iffÍ, ;+:d/0f ljz]iffÍ, syf
ljz]iffÍ, sljtf ljz]iffÍ, k|lt/f]w ljz]iffÍnufot sd/]8 k|r08sf b'O{b'O6f
cGtjf{tf{ / OR5's ljz]if c+s ;d]t k|sflzt u/]/ o;n] dxŒjk"0f{ sfo{
u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] lg/Gt/tf;“u} k"j{af6 pb\af]wg, klZrdaf6 ;Daf]wg
/ e]/L–s0ff{nLaf6 pb\3f]ifn] klg o; sfo{df dxŒjk"0f{ ;3fp k'¥ofPsf
5g\ . To:t} hgfb]z, hgcfx\jfg To;df klg hgfb]zsf] e"ldsf ljz]if
pNn]Vo /x]sf] 5 . To:t} ef/taf6 k|sflzt x'g] ;d;fdlos k|sfzgx?sf]
e"ldsf klg pNn]Vo /x]sf] 5 .
;f+uLlts
kIf, uLlt rSsf / snfsf/x?M ;f+uLlts kIfsf] ljsf; / snfsf/x?sf] l:yltsf ;Gbe{df
gof“ oyfy{n] ;a}eGbf k|efjsf/L e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 . o'4sf]
df]rf{df xf];\ of hgtfsf aLrdf k'Ug] ;Gbe{df xf];\ ;j{q snfsf/x?sf] pkl:ylt
/x]sf] 5 . jlnbfg / ;dk{0fsf] pbfQ Oltxf; klg o;}l;t a9L uf“l;Psf] 5 .
o'4sf] ljsf;;“u} uLt–;+uLtsf] ljsf; x'g', ;+Vofsf] lj:tf/;“u}
e"uf]n / kl/j]zsf b[li6n] klg o;sf] lj:tf/ x'g', vf; u/]/ uLlt gf6s,
ck]/f, gf6sh:tf ljwfx?sf] ljsf; x'g' o; kIfdf ePsf dxŒjk"0f{ sfo{x?
x'g\ .
clxn] s]Gb|Lo ¿kdf ;fdgf kl/jf/ ;lqmo 5 eg] ;}n'ª kl/jf/ ;]gRofª kl/jf/,
lIflth kl/jf/, k|lt/f]w kl/jf/, cleofg kl/jf/, lj;' kl/jf/, If]qLo ¿kdf ;lqmo /x]sf
5g\ . To:t} hftLo df]rf{l;t ;Da4 ;f+uLlts kl/jf/x? klg cfcfºgf If]qdf ;lqmo
/x]sf 5g\ . lxhf]sf lbgdf hnhnf, clejfbg, cf“wLcfp“b}5, x'/L rNb}5nfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbg] qmddf ;fdgfn] kl5Nnf] kN6 /ftf] 3fd uLlt rSsf ;|f]tfx?dfem NofPsf]
5 . hgtfsf] ;'gf}nf] /fh cfp“b}5 h:tf] ;a} b[li6n] pTs[i6 uLlt rSsf uLt–;+uLtsf]
If]qdf pNn]Vo k|flKt ag]sf] 5 . To:t} :yfgLo:t/df klg rSsfx? k|sflzt u/L
uLt–;+uLtsf] If]qnfO{ oyfy{sf] gof“ ultl;t ;dflxt ug{] sfd ePsf] 5 .
nf]s w'g, nf]s z}nL, nf]s uLtnfO{ hgjfbLs/0f ug{] sfd klg o; cjlwdf tLj| ¿kdf
ePsf] 5 . tfdfª, ef]hk'/L, d}lynL, yf? efiffdf qmflGtsf/L uLtsf] lgdf{0f
klg o; cjlwsf] dxŒjk"0f{ kIf xf] . hgd'lQm ;]gfdf ;f+:s[lts ljefu u7g
u/L ;flxlTos tyf uLt–;+uLt ;[hgsfo{nfO{ ult lbg] sfddf klg o; cjlwdf pNn]Vo
sfd ePsf] 5 .
>Jo–b[Zo;DaGwL
sfdM clvn g]kfn hg;f+:s[lts ;ª\3sf] >Job[Zo ljefun] >Job[Zo;DaGwL dxŒjk"0f{
sfo{x?sf] yfngL u/]sf] 5 . o; ljefun] hgo'4sf cf“wLdo cf7 jif{nfO{
;d]6]/ * efudf rSsf k|sfzgdf NofPsf] 5 . To:t} If]qut ¿kdf ;+uLt>Job[Zo;DaGwL
sfdx? wdfwd eO/x]sf 5g\ .
;f+:s[lts
dxf]T;jx? M uLt–;+uLtsf] If]qnfO{ dxŒj lbg] s'/fsf ;fy} gof“ ;Qfdf gof“
;+:s[ltsf] l:ylt emNsfpg] p2]Zon] e]s tyf ;]ddf ;f+:s[lts dxf]T;j sfo{qmd
klg o; cjlwdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
hg/]l8of]sf]
e"ldsfM k|rf/ cfGbf]ng, hgdt l;h{gf / ljrf/ ;+jxgsf b[li6n]
hg/]l8of]sf] e"ldsf cToGt dxŒjk"0f{ /xg] ub{5 . hg/]l8of]sf]
o;tkm{sf] k|of; ;x|fgLo /xg'sf ;fy} uLt–;+uLtnfO{ nf]slk|o agfpg, ;flxTo–snfsf]
e"ldsfnfO{ :yflkt ug{ / gjk|ltefnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{] sfddf o;n] dxŒjk"0f{
sfo{ u/]sf] 5 .
pk;+xf/
g]kfnL hgo'4sf gf} jif{ dxfg\ Wj+z / dxfg\ lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofsf] cjlw xf] .
gof“ ljrf/sf] hGd / ljsf; o;}qmddf ePsf] xf] . k|r08kysf] ¿kdf ljsl;t
gof“ ljrf/–>[vnf ;du| o'4sf] ;}4flGts w/ftn / lbzf xf] . hg;f+:s[lts
cfGbf]ng o;} ;du| o'4sf] Pp6f c¨ xf] . cw{;fdGtL tyf cw{cf}klgj]lzs, cem
7f]; ¿kdf eGbf ;fdGtL tyf pQ/cfw'lgstfjfbL k'“hLjfbL–;fd|fHojfbL ;+:s[ltsf
lj?4 qmflGtsf/L– dfS;{jfbL a[xt\ ;+:s[ltsf] Jofks dfu{ lgdf{0f ug{] gof“
cfGbf]ngsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t x'g' k|r08kyLo ;f}Gbo{lrGtgåf/f lgb{]lzt ;f+:s[lts
cfGbf]ngsf] ljz]iftf xf] .
dxfg\ hgo'4sf] cf/Desf nflu tyf To;kl5 o;nfO{ :yflkt ug{], Wj+z / lgdf{0f
sfo{df hgdt l;h{gf u/L k'/fgf]sf] lj:yfkg / gof“nfO{ :yflkt ug{] sfddf ;f+:s[lts
cfGbf]ngsf] e"ldsf P]ltxfl;s aGb} cfPsf] 5 . cf/Desf jif{x?df u|fdL0f
ju{;+3if{ / zx/L af}l4s k|lt/f]w cleofg b'j} ;zQmtfsf ;fy cl3 a9]sf] kfOG5 .
Psflt/ snfsf/ / csf{tkm{ ;flxTosf/sf] zx/L k|of;sf] rf]l6nf] k|xf/sf] ¿k/]vf
kfOG5 . hgo'4sf] j}rfl/s, kmf}hL / ef}uf]lns lj:tf/;“u} k|ltefx?sf]
s]Gb|Ls/0f klg gof“ lsl;dn] x'“b} uPsf] 5 . oltv]/ xfd|f] ;f+:s[lts
cfGbf]ng nfn / lgk'0f, zx/ / ufp“–n]vs / snfsf/df ;+s]lGb|t eP/ PsLs[t k|jfx
/ lgb{]zgdf lqmofzLn 5 . ;+Vofaf6 u'0ftkm{ km8\sf] dfb{} rfx] l;h{gsfo{df
xf];\, rfx] uLt–;+uLtsf] If]qdf xf];\ ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ng o; l:ylt;Dd cfOk'Ubf
cfºgf] Pp6f ljlzi6 d"Nosf] ;+jfxs ag]sf] 5 . n]vg, k|sfzg, k|bz{g / ;dfof]hgsf
If]qd y'k|} ;Ldf, hl6ntf / r'gf}tLsf cltl/Qm klg j}rfl/s ;ª\3if{ hgdt l;h{gf /
;f}Gbof{g'e"ltsf] Pp6f ;jn / ;kmn dfWod ag]sf] 5 qmflGtsf/L ;f+:s[lts
cfGbf]ng . ju{o'4sf] cf“wLdo l:yltsf aLrdf n]vg, k|sfzg, k|bz{g / k|lt/f]wsf]
If]qdf olt k|efjsf/L l:ylt ljZj qmflGtsf/L ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;df cGoq
st} kfOGg . of] xfd|f] ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ngsf] dxŒjk"0f{ / ljlzi6 kIf
xf] . of] Wj+z / lgdf{0fdf pkl/;+/rgfsf] dxŒjnfO{ hf]8 lbg] /fhgLlts
:ki6tfsf] kl/0ffd xf] .
xfd|f] ;f“:s[lts cfGbf]ng cflTds / ef}lts b'j} ¿kdf Tofu, jlnbfg /
cfTdf]T;u{sf] cfGbf]ng ag]sf] 5 . of] jlnbfgsf] ;f}Gbo{zf:qdf km]l/Psf] 5 .
k|lta4tf / c7f]6, b[9tf / cfTd;ª\3if{sf] ofqf glx8L o:tf k|flKtx? xft nfUg ;Dej
5}g . ;+VofnfO{ u'0fdf, JolQmnfO{ ;dli6df / ;dli6nfO{ Joli6df km]g{] sfo{n]
g} PsLs[t sdf08nfO{ ¿k / ;f/df ult lbG5 . cfjZostf kbf{ xfdL o'4sf] x/]s
df]rf{df xfd|f] pkl:ylt hgfpg tdtof/ 5f}+ . t/ cfwf/e"t ¿kdf xfdL
sndwf/L, dfbnwf/L cyf{t\ ljrf/wf/fTds k|lt/f]w df]rf{sf ;]gf xf}+ . o;}sf
cfwf/df dfq xfdL ;f+:s[lts ;]gf x'g'sf] bfloTj k"/f ug{ ;St5f}+ .
k|r08kyLo ;f}Gbo{lrGtgn] l;h{gzLn k|of]uzLntfsf] dfu ub{5 .
?l9u|:ttf, oflGqstf / ;ª\sL0f{tfaf6 d'Qm eP/ l;h{gf / cfGbf]ngnfO{ gof“ ult
lbg'df g} xfd|f] cfGbf]ngsf] eljio lgwf{l/t x'G5 . pRr ljrf/nfO{ pRr
k|of]usf}zntfsf ;fy cl3 a9fPdf dfq xfdL qmflGtsf/L ¿kfGt/0fdf km8\sf] dfg{ / ;f+:s[lts
k|Tofqmd0fnfO{ wfl/nf] / pRr agfpg ;Ifd x'G5f}+ .
kfb–l6Kk0fL
!=
k|r08, g]kfnL
qmflGtsf ;d:ofx?, efu–# -sf7df8f}+, hglbzf k|sfzg -@)^)_ k[i7 !( .
@=
k|r08, ;+:s[lt, snf / ;f}Gbo{lrGtg
-sf7df8f}+, s]Gb|Lo ;f+:s[lts zfvf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_, @)^!_