n]v
;Gbe{M zxLb ;Ktfxsf]
/ rrf{ k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf]
gf/fo0f zdf{
ljZjd}
;a}eGbf a9L hg;+Vof ePsf] b]z rLgdf ;g\ !(!! df /fhtGqsf] cGTo ug{df rLlgof g]tf
8f=;g oft;]gsf] k|d'v e"ldsf /x]sf] lyof] . oBlk ;g\ oft;]g sDo'lgi6 x'g'
x'Gy]g, tyflk d+r" j+Zfsf] ;fdGtL lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] cTofrf/L zf;g ;QfnfO{
pv]n]/ kmfNgsf] nflu pxf“n] k|hftflGqs u0ftGq rLgsf nflu lbg' ePsf] of]ubfg,
rLlgof hgtf / /fi6«sf] nflu v]Ng' ePsf] e"ldsf tyf pxf“n] k|ltkfbg ug'{
ePsf tLg hgl;4fGtx?sf sf/0f pxf“nfO{ dxfg\ rLlgof sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ / dxfg\
sDo'lgi6 g]tf s=dfcf]T;]t'ªn] dfq xf]Og, dxfg\ b]z rLg / dxfg\ rLlgof hgtfn]
pxf“sf] of]ubfgsf] pRr t/ ;xL d"Nof+sg u/]sf] kfOG5 . To;}n] pxf“ rLgsf
/fi6«lktf aGg k'Ug'eof] / cfh rLg dfq xf]Og, ;f/f ;+;f/df ;d]t k|lz4 x'g' ePsf]
5 .
rLgdf ;g\ !($( df s=dfcf]T;]t'ªsf] g]t[Tjdf dxfg\ gof“ hgjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg
x'g'df s= dfcf]sf] l;h{gfTds k|ltefsf ;fy} rLlgof hgtf / /fi6«sf ;Rrf ldqx?nfO{
lrg]/ ;Ddfg / Pstf ug]{ tyf ;xof]u lng] clg b'Zdgx?nfO{ lrg]/ PSNofpg] / ltgdfly
k|xf/ ug]{ a'l4dQfk"0f{ lrGtg / Jojxf/n] 7"nf] sfd u/]sf] lyof] .
:ki6?kdf eGg'kbf{ rLgdf gof“ hgjfbL qmflGt cyf{t gof“ k"“hLjfbL
k|hfftflGqs qmflGt ;DkGg x'g'df 8f=;g\ ofT;]gsf] klg cx+ e"ldsf /x]sf] lyof]
. rLgdf u0ftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf cu|0fL 8f=;g\ oft;]g eP em}+ g]kfnL k|hftflGqs
-u0ftflGqs_ cfGbf]ngsf cu|0fL sf] x'g] < of] k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg] k|of; ljZj]Zj/k|;fb
sf]O/fnfn] u/]sf x'g\ . t/ pgs} cfTd :jLs[ltcg';f/ klg Psflt/ cfkm\g} kf6L{sf]
;]gf gagfpg' / csf{lt/ zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf -/fhfsf] ;]gf_ nfO{ klg hgk|ltlglwx?sf]
dftxtdf /fVg] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf ug{ g;Sg'n] zfxL ;]gfs} andf /fhf dx]Gb|n]
@)!& ;fnsf] kmf}hL …s"Ú åf/f @))& ;fndf hgtfsf] ;+3if{åf/f
k|fKt ;Lldt k|hftGq;d]t ckx/0f u/] . kmn:j?k k"0f{ k|hftGq / u0ftGqsf]
cfGbf]ngn] ;kmntf kfpg] t k/} hfcf];, ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqfTds ax'bnLo k|hftGq;d]t
;'/lIft x'g ;s]g . o;n] ubf{+ jL=kL=n] 8f= ;g oft;]gsf] h:tf] ;kmntf, Voflt /
pkflw kfpg] s'/f x'g ;s]g . tyflk pgs} ;xf]b/ efO{ lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf / dfwj
g]kfn h:tf ;+;bjfbL–k|hftGqjfbL kf6L{sf g]tfx?n] qmflGtsf/L ljrf/, b[9 OR5f
zlQm / Tofu alnbfgsf ;fy sf]l;; u/] ;+ej x'g] s'/fdf jt{dfg l:yltn]
cg's"ntf yk]sf] 5 . pgLx?n] ;f/df g jL=kL=nfO{ dfg] g t dfn]dfjfbnfO} g}
dfg]/ s'g} ;]gf u7g u/] . To;}n] t @)$^ sf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngåf/f k|fKt ;Lldt
k|hftflGqs xs–clwsf/;lxtsf] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqfTds ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] ;d]t cfh
!$ jif{kl5 kmfl;i6 /fhf 1fg]Gb|n] p;sf] ;]gf– zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] andf ut df3
!( ut] k"0f{tM gof“ k~rfot kmsf{Psf] 5 . kmn:j?k b]z}el/ Ps}k6s ;+s6sfn
nfu" u/L hgtfsf df}lns xs, k|]; :jtGqtf / /fhg}lts clwsf/x?dfly
k"0f{tM k|ltaGw nufP/ b]z / hgtnfO{ dWoo'uLg jj{?tfdf ws]sf] 5 / /fhg}lts
bnsf g]tf, sfo{stf{x?nfO{ h]ndf sf]r]/ k"/} b]znfO{ aGbL agfPsf] 5 . o;
36gfaf6 ;Rrf k|hftGq -u0ftGqjfbL_ x?sf] cfkm\gf] ;]gf x'g'kg]{ jf sDtLdf ;]gf
ePsf] u0ftGqjfbL kf6L{;“u -vf;?kdf eGg'kbf{ dfcf]jfbL;“u_ sfo{ut Pstf jf ;+o'Qm
df]rf{ u/]/ /fhtGqsf lj?4df lg0ff{os ;+3if{df pqg} kg]{ j:t'ut cj:yf k}bf ePsf]
5 . hxf“;Dd cfTdut cj:yf k}bf x'g] s'/f xf], Tof] dfcf]jfbLsf] xsdf /fhgLlts
bnx?;“u ;xsfo{ u/L /fhtGqlj?4 ;+3if{df pqg] ;fj{hlgs ckLnaf6 :ki6 eO;s]sf] 5
eg] cGo /fhgLlts bnx? s] slt kfgLdf 5g\, sf] slt hgtf, b]z, k|hftGq / d'lQm–k|ultsf
kIfdf 5g\ eGg] s'/f pgLx?n] ca ckgfpg] gLlt / Jojxf/n] k|i6 x'g] s'/f xf] .
olb dfcf]jfbLn] cfJxfg u/] h:t} Pstfdf k|hftflGqs elgg] zlQmx? tTsfn cfP
eg] clxn]sf] …s"Ú åf/f cfqmf]lzt eP/ tft]sf] hgdfg;nfO{ lg0ff{os lsl;dn]
cfGbf]ngdf ptfg{ ;lsg] 5 . /fhf / p;sf] ;]gfnfO{ Ift ljIft kf/]/ Wj:t ug]{ jf
slDtdf klg hgtfsf] lgoGq0fdf lng] / /fhtGqsf] k"0f{?kn] pGd"ng ug]{
sfd ;kmn / k"0f{ x'g] s'/fdf z+sf 5}g . olb lul/hf, dfwj g]kfn jf c? sf]xL
zlQmzfnL k|hftGqjfbLn] o; lbzfdf lg0ff{os sbd rfNg] ;fx; ug{ ;s]df g]kfnL
Oltxf;df pgLx?sf] gfd / of]ubfg ljz]if dxTjsf] x'g] s'/f lglj{jfb 5 . t/ o:tf] ;fx;
ug]{ jf gug]{ sfd d'VotM pgLx?s} xft / dfydf /x]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL h:tf] zlQmzfnL
/ k"0f{ k|hftGqjfbL -u0ftGqjfbL_ zlQmn] ;xsfo{ / ;x–;+3if{ u/L u0ftGq :yfkgf
ug{sf] nflu cl3 a9\g cfJxfg u/]sf] o; cToGt} cg's"n kl/l:yltdf klg pgLx?n]
olQ klg ug{ ;s]gg\ eg] pgLx?nfO{ Oltxf;n] dfkmL lbg] 5}g .
s]xL ;docl3 lul/hfn] …a[xt k|hftlGqs PstfÚsf] s'/fnfO{ hf]8 lbP/
p7fPsf lyP . nfU5, pgsf] Tof] Pstf o;} k"0f{ k|hftGq -u0ftGq_sf] lbzfdf
pGd'v x'gk5{ . olb of] ;xL s'/f xf] eg] ca Tof] gf/fnfO{ kl/dflh{t / v'nf u/]/
…a[xt u0ftflGqs PstfÚ df k'/fpg' cfaZos 5 . cl3 zL3|fltzL3| dfcf]jfbLnufotsf
;Dk"0f{ ;Rrf k|hftGqjfbL -u0ftGqjfbL_ zlQmx?aLrdf sfo{ut Pstf jf ;+o'Qm
df]rf{ sfod u/L /fhtGqsf lj?4 ;zQm?kdf hfO nfu]/ k|hflGqs cfGbf]ngnfO{
k"0f{tf lbg' h?/L 5 cyjf egf}+ g]kfndf nf]stflGqs u0ftGq jf
u0ftflGqs nf]stGqsf] :yfkgf, /Iff / ljsf; ub}{ cl3 a9\g' cfjZos 5 . olb o:tf]
x'g ;Sof] eg] g]kfnsf k|hftGqjfbL g]tfx?sf] 5lj 8f= ;g oft;]g jf cd]l/sfsf
ca|fxd ln+sgsf] h:tf] x'g ;St5 .
oxf“g]/ lul/hf jf dfwj g]kfn -oBkL pgLx? clxn] gh/jGbdf 5g\_ nufotsf
g]tf / pgsf kf6L{x?nfO{ ;]gf ePsf] kf6L{ dfcf]jfbL;“u sfo{ut Pstf jf ;+o'Qm
df]rf{ ubf{ st} lg/Lxtf dx;"; x'G5 / pk]lIft eOG5 ls eGg] eo x'G5 eg]
pgLx?n] cf–cfkm\gf] ;]gf tTsfn u7g ug'{k5{ . o;f] ug{ ;s] lul/hf jf s'g}
sf+u|];L g]tf ;Rrf k|hftGqjfbL / jL=kL=sf] cg'ofoL x'g;Sg] / dfwj g]kfn jf s'g}
jfdk+yL sDo'lgi6 ;Rrf dfn]dfjfbL / sDo'lgi6 g]tf aGg ;Sg]5g\ . pgLx?sf cf–cfkm\gf
;]gf u7g ug]{ k"jf{wf/x? klg 5g\ . h:tf] ls t?0f bn / k|hftflGq /fli6«o
o'jf ;+3 qmdzM g]sf / Pdfn]sf ljgfjbL{sf c3f]lift / j}wflgs ;]gf x'g eGg] s'/f ;a}nfO{
yfxf 5 . o:tf] nfU5 ls Toxf“ qmflGtsf/L gLlt / ;fxl;s g]tf–g]t[Tjsf] dfq
vf“rf] 5 . o:tf] x'g ;s]df Psflt/ pgLx? klg g ;]gf ljxLg g} x'g]5g\, g t lg/Lx
/ pk]lIft g} dx;"; ug'{ kg]{5 . csf]{lt/ nf]stflGqs u0ftGqjfbL zlQmx? cem}+
dha"t x'g] 5g\ . hxf“;Dd nfU5, o:tf] :jl0f{d cj;/ lrGg / 5f]Kg g]tfx?
cjZo g} ;Ifd / tTk/ x'g]5g\ . sfnsbf o;f] ug{ ;s]gg\ eg] rLgdf hfkfgL ;fd|fHojfbn]
cfqmd0f u/]sf] a]nfdf RofªsfO;]ssf ;]gfn] dfcf]åf/f RofªsfO;]s;“u sfo{ut
Pstf u/L ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ agfP/ hfkfgL ;fd|fHojfbsf] k|lt/f]w ug{ cfJxfg ug'{ ePsf]
cj:yfdf dfcf] / rLlgof sDo'lgi6 kf6L{;“u sfo{ut Pstf sfod ug{ lxlRsrfPsf] RofªsfO;]snfO{
p;s} ;]gfn] 3]/fjGbL u/]/ sfo{ut Pstf ug{ afWo kf/] em}+ lul/hf–dfwj -xfn pgLx?
gh/jGbdf /x]sfn] sfo{jfxs kfPsf cflb_ h:tf g]tfx?nfO{ ;DalGwt kf6L{sf sfo{stf{ /
of]4fx?n] dfcf]jfbLåf/f sfo{ut Pstfsf] nflu xft cl3 a9fPsf] of] cj:yfdf sfo{ut
Pstf sfod ug{ cf–cfkm\gf kf6L{sf g]tfx?nfO{ afWo kfg'{ ;dosf] dfu / Oltxf;n]
o'jfx?dfly ;'Dk]sf] uxgud lhDd]jf/L xf] . of] P]ltxfl;s e"ldsf / dxfgtd\
lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ o'jfx? r's]gg\ eg] pgLx?sf] of]ubfg klg g]kfnL
k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;df ;'gf}nf cIf/n] n]lvg] 5 . To;}n] h;/L rLgdf s=dfcf]
/ rLlgof sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] j'h{'jf g]tf RofªsfO;]s / p;sf] sff]ldªtfª
kf6L{;“u ;+o'Qm df]rf{ u/]/ ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ ;d]t agfO hfkfgL ;fd|fHojfbsf]
cfqmd0fsf lj?4 n8\g] gLlt cl3 ;f/] …x/]s s'/f df]rf{sf lglDt, x/]s s'/f hfkfgL
cfqmd0fsf/Lx?nfO{ k/flht ug{sf lglDt / rLlgof hgtfsf] d'lQmsf lglDtÚ eGg] gLlt
lnP em}+ xfdL ;a} k|hftGqjfbL, b]zeQm, jfdk+yL, k|ultzLn / qmflGtsf/L cyf{t ;du|xdf
/fhtGqlj/f]wL zlQm, JolQm / ;d'bfox?n] klg olt g} a]nf …x/]s s'/f u0ftGqsf
lglDt, x/]s s'/f ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztfjfbL kmfl;i6 1fg] zfxLnfO{ w'nf] r6fpgsf lglDt
/ x/]s s'/f g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf lglDtÚ eGg] gLlt cljnDa ckgfpg' cfjZos ePsf]
5 .
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] klg rLgdf lrskfåf/f k|:tfljt ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ h:tf]
s'g} ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ agfpg] s'/fdf hf]8 lb+b} cfPsf] 5 . cGtl/d ;/sf/, nf]stflGqs
u0ftGqfTds ;/sf/h:tf ;/sf/x? o;sf 3f]lift ;+o'Qm ;/sf/sf k|:tfjx? g} x'g\ . oL
dWo] s'g} Ps jf cGo s'g} c:yfoL, cGtl/d jf ;+qmdsfnLg ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L ;/sf/
agfpg] s'/fdf ;a} ;Rrf k|hftGqjfbL /fhgLlts zlQmx?n] ;xdlt hgfpg} kg]{ b]lvG5 .
o:tf] ;+o'Qm ;/sf/df b]zsf ;a}h;f] b]zeQm, k|hftGqjfbL, k|ultzLn / qmflGtsf/L
zlQm, JolQm / ;d'bfox?nfO{ ;d]t ;d]6]/ ;+o'Qm / ;zQm hgcfGbf]ng / hgo'4
-hg;+3if{ / ;z:q_sf] ;+of]hg -fusion_ u/L b]zJofkL ;zQm cfGbf]ngsf] cf“wLj]x/L
Nofpg' kb{5 . o;f] ug{ ;s] -ug{ ;Sg} k5{_ l56\6} g} gf/fo0flx6L /fhb/jf/ Wj:t
x'g / 1fg] / p;sf] xTof/f d08nLsf]
Ps} lrxfg x'g jf efufefu-IftljIft_ x'g uO gof“ u0ftflGqs g]kfnsf]
lgdf{0f x'g s'g} cfOtjf/ kv{g' kg]{ 5}g . t/ ;+;bjfbL zlQmx?n] of] klg :d/0f ug'{
cfjZos 5 ls o;f] ug{ g;s]/ k'gM /fhtGq;“u jfu]{lgª?kL ;+3if{åf/f ;+emf}tfdf
k'u]df Psflt/ 6f9faf6 klg k'gM kf/;]sf] sf]kefhgsf] lzsf/ pgL aGg} kg]{5 eg]
csf]{lt/ dfcf]sf] k|:tfljt ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ c:jLsf/ ugf{n] RofªsfO;]s / pgsf]
s'cf]ldªtfª kf6L{ / hfkfgL ;fd|fHofb b'j} Ps} k6s a9fl/P em}+ oxf“ klg /fhtGqjfbL
/ k|hftGqjfbL elgg] ;+;bjfbLx?sf] Ps} k6s ;kmfof x'g]5 . k/s olQ xf] ls s]xL ;do
a9L nfUnf s]xL wghgsf] Iflt a9L xf]nf . To;}n] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_åf/f k|:tfljt
…nf]stflGqs u0ftGqÚ g} ;a} k|hftGqjfbL, u0ftGqjfbL / hgjfbL–;dfhjfbLsf
lglDt tTsflng Go"gtd nIo jf sfo{qmd xf] eg] Tof] k|flKtsf] ;jf{lws
k|hftflGqs ljlw klg …;+ljwfg;efÚ g} xf] . oxL nIo
/ ljlw k|flKtsf] af6f] eg]sf] ;+o'Qm / ;+of]lht ;+3if{ -hgo'4 /
hgcfGbf]ng÷ ;z:q ;+3if{ / hg;+if{sf] ;+of]hg_ g} xf] . cfh g]kfnL /fhgLlts /+ud~rdf
eO/x]sf ax;x?af6 s] k|tLt x'G5 eg] leqL, JolQmut, ck|ToIf / cgf}krfl/s ?kdf t ;a}h;f]
/fhgLlts zlQm, JolQm / ;d'bfon] oL tLg}j6f s'/f ;+o'Qm nf]stflGqs u0ftGq, ;+ljwfg;ef
/ ;+o'Qm ;+3if{ :jLsf/]sf b]lvG5g\ t/ afXo, ;fd"lxs, k|ToIf / cf}krfl/s?kddf
eg] :jLsf/]sf 5}gg\ . v'nf / l;wf?kdf pk/f]Qm nIo, ljlw / af6f]nfO{ :jLsfg{
g;Sg'sf k5fl8 d'VotM pgLx?df /x]sf] blIf0fk+yL cfTd;'/Iffjfb -hf] Psflt/ ;fdGtL
lg/+s'z 1fg]sf] zfxL ;}lgs kmfl;jfb / csf]{lt/ dfcf]jfbL sDo'lgi6sf] …e"tÚ
af6 tl;{Psfn] pTkGg ePsf] x'g ;S5_, lgDg k"“hLjfbL cj;/jfb -hf] xfd|f]
h:tf] cw{ ;fdGtL / cw{ cf]klgj]lzs d'n'sdf n3' pTkfbg k|0ffnLsf sf/0f pTkGg x'g
;S5_ / /fhf k/:t jf ef/t k/:t -;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHofjfbk/:t_ k'R5/jfb -hf] aL?
k"hf / zlQm k"hfjfbL lxGb' wfld{s–;+:sf/ / ;+:s[ltsf sf/0f pTkGg
x'G5_ / JolQmjfbL e'/]–6fs'/]jfb -hf] lk5l8Psf] ;fdGtL lrGtg / ;+:sf/sf sf/0f
pTkGg x'g ;S5_ h:tf sof} lrGtg–k|j[lQ, cfwf/ / sf/0fx? /x]sf 5g\ . km]l/ klg
b]z / hgtfs} nflu, k|hftGq / k|ults} nflu, qmflGt / d'lQms} nflu tyf :jtGqtf / ;dfgtfs}
nflu /fhgLlt u/]sf] / ug]{ xf] eGg] s'/fdf pgLx?sf] yf]/} klg ;xdlt 5 eg] ca
pko'Qm sf/0f :jLsfg{ s'g} klg k|hftGqjfbL / b]zeQm g]kfnL zlQm, JolQm / ;d"xn]
l9nfO{ ug{' x'“b} x'+b}g . olb cem}+ klg of] jf Tof] axfgfdf o;df l9nfO{ jf
cfgfsfgL u/]df g]kfnL k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;df pgLx?sf] gfd sn+lst x'g]5
.
dfly pNn]lvt tLg s'/f– nf]stflGqs u0ftGq, ;+ljwfg;ef / ;+o'Qm–;+of]lht
;+3if{sf nflu ;a} /fhgLlts zlQm, JolQm, hgju{, hflt, If]q, ln+usf hg;d'bfox?n]
tTsfn lgDg s'/fx? ug{ z'? ul/xfNg' kb{5 M–
;j{k|yd
;a}h;f] k|hftGqjfbL /fhgLlts zlQmx?n] cflwsfl/s?kdf pQm tLg s'/fx? :jLsfg]{
/ ;fj{hlgs ug]{ tyf To;kl5 dfcf]jfbL;d]t eO{ hg;d'bfosf gfddf Pp6f ;fj{hlgs
ckLn ug]{ . of] sfd klxn] dfly s]Gb|Lo :t/df x'g s]xL k|fljlws, ;f+u7lgs,
j}rfl/s–/fhgLlts jf efjgfTds s'g} s'/fn] l9nfO{ x'g hfg] b]lvPsf] 5 .
To;}n] tn–tn :yfgLo:t/af6} ;f] sfd k|f/De ub}{ hfg] / dflysf lglDt cfwf/ /
bjfj;d]t tTsfn} l;h{gf ug]{ . :d/0f /xf]; g]skf Pdfn] lhNnf sld6L bfªn]
u0ftGqsf] lbzfdf hfg' kg]{ s'/fsf] ;fj{hlgs :jLs[lt xfn}sf] Pp6f ckLn
k|sflzt u/]/ lbO;s]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ ;a}n] cg's/0f ug'{ af~5gLo x'g]5 .
cGo
of]hgf, gLlt, gf/f / sfo{qmdx? to ug{sf] nflu oyf;+ej l56f] rlr{t l;nu'9L
a}7ssf] lj:tfl/t, k"0f{, sfdsfhL / ;kmn:j?ksf] s]Gb|Lo:t/df l56\6} g}
Pp6f ;+o'Qm a}7s ug]{ / nf]stflGqs u0ftGq k|fKt gx'Gbf;Dd sfo{ut Pstf jf ;+o'Qm
df]rf{ g6'6\g] ;fj{hlgs k|lta4tf;lxt ;f] Pstf jf df]rf{ agfO hg;d'bfonfO{
ljZjf; lbnfpg] .
;+o'Qm
a}7såf/f g} Pp6f s7f]/ cfrf/;+lxtf lgdf{0f ug]{ / b[9tfk"j{s nfu"
ug]{ .
cfjZostfcg';f/
k6s–k6s pQm Pstf jf df]rf{sf] a}7s a;L ljutsf] ;dLIff / cfutsf] cf+sng u/L
cfjZos gof“ gof“ gLlt, sfo{qmd / of]hgfx? agfO{ OdfGbf/Lk"j{s nfu"
ub}{ hfg] OToflb .
pk/f]Qm nIo, ljlw / af6f]nfO{ cfTd;fy ug{sf]nflu b]zsf k|hftGqjfbL zlQm,
JolQm / ;d'bfon] ckgfpg' kg]{ s]xL cToGt} h?/L / cx+ dxTjsf s'/f klg 5g\ .
ltgnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ jf k"j{ ;t{sf] ?kdf :jLsf/]/ dfq} u0ftGqsf] lbzfdf cl3
a9\g ;lsG5 . tL s'/fx? o;k|sf/ 5g\ M–
cfkm"nfO{
;+j}wflgs /fhtGqjfbL eGb} cfPsf k|hftflGqs zlQm, JolQm jf ;d'bfon] ;j{k|yd
of] :jLsfg'{ h?/L 5 ls xfd|f] h:tf] cw{ ;fdGtL / cw{ cf}klgj]lzs -lk5l8Psf],
u/Lj / cGo zlQmzfnL d'n'ssf] clwgdf k/]sf]_ d'n'sdf ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq, cfhsf]
;fd|fHojfbL o'udf ;fdGtjfbn] cyf{t /fhfn] ;fd|fHojfb;“u cfTd;dk{0f u/L
nug uf“7f]
sl;;s]sf]n], ;}4flGts?kd} / cfkm\g} Jofjxfl/s cg'ejåf/f;d]t -/fhf dx]Gb| /
1fg]Gb|åf/f …s"Ú ePsf]n]_ c;+ej x'G5 eGg] s'/f af/Daf/ k|dfl0ft
ePsf] 5 . t;y{ slyt ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq :jLsfg]{x? k|hftGqjfbL x'g} g;Sg] x'+bf
k"“hLjfbL ;fd|fHojfbL d'n'ssf] h:tf] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq g]kfndf ;+ej
x'G5 eGg] e|daf6 pgLx? d'Qm x'g}k5{ / k"0f{ k|hftGq cyf{t u0ftGqnfO{
a]lxlRsrfj6 cfkm\gf] uGtJo agfpg'k5{ .
cfkm"nfO{
b]zeQm jf /fi6«jfbL / k|hftGqjfbL jf hgjfbL–;dfhjfbL eGg] g]kfnsf zlQm jf
JolQmx?n] /fli6«otf / k|hftGq jf hgjfb–;dfhjfbsf c;nL ;|f]t / zlQm hgtf
x'g\ t/ /fhf jf ef/t–cd]l/sf sbflk xf]Ogg\
/ x'g} ;Sb}gg\ eGg] dfGg' kb{5 . lsgeg] /fhf jf ef/t–cd]l/sfh:tf
zlQmx? /fli6«otf tyf hgtf / hgjfbsf cyf{t k|hf / k|hftGqsf b'Zdg x'g\ .
o;}u/L /fli6«otfsf] ;+/If0f–;+aw{g / k|hftGq k|flKtsf] dfWod klg ;zQm
;+3if{ -hgo'4_ / hg;+3if{ -hgcfGbf]ng_sf]
km\o"hg ePsf] ;+3if{ g} xf] . ;fy} o:tf] ;+3if{sf] lglDt /fi6«jfbL
jf b]zelQm / k|hftGqjfbL–hgjfbL ;]gf x'g} k5{ . k'/fgf] ;fdGtL,
k|ltlqmofjfbL, /fhfjfbL ;]gf -zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf_n] slxn]sfxL ls+lrt
cfkm"nfO{ /fi6«jfbL jtfP klg ;f/tM Tof] /fi6«jfbL / k|hftGqjfbL jf
hgjfbL x'g} ;St}g . lsg ls cfhsf] ;fd|fHojfbsf] o'udf /fi6«jfb /
hgjfb-k|hftGq_ Ps cfsf{df cGt;+jlGwt / cljefHo 5g\ . To;}n] /fi6«jfbL jf
b]zeQm x'gsf] nflu hgjfbL jf k|hftGqjfbL x'g} k5{ eg] hgjfbL jf k|hftGqjfbL
x'gsf] nflu b]zeQm jf /fi6«jfbL x'g} k5{ . t;y{ cd]l/sfnufotsf a}b]lzs
k|ltlqmofjfbLx?sf] bnfnL ug]{, pgLx?s} h'7f]k'/f] vfP/ afRg] / pgLx?s} cf8e/f];fdf
l6Sg] /fhf / ef/t tyf zfxL g]kfnL -cd]l/sL_ ;]gfnfO{ lj36g, IftljIft / Wj+z
ug{ k5{ eGg] dfGofnfO{ ulx/f];“u cfTd;fy ug{}k5{ . o;/L dfq /fli6«otf /
k|hftGq -hgjfb_sf] :jtGq, cfTdlge{/ / qmflGtsf/L wf/sf] /Iff, k|of]u / ljsf;
;+ej 5 . t;y{ /fhfk/:t / ef/t–cd]l/sf k/:t lrGtgsf] cGtu/L qmflGtsf/L
lrGtg / ;+3if{k/:t ljrf/df b[9 x'g] s'/fdf ;Rrf k|hftGqjfbL / /fi6«jfbL
eGg]x?n] ljZjf; ug}{k5{ .
g]sf
/ Pdfn]nufotsf zlQmx?n] cfkm\gf] ;+emf}tfjfbL, jfu]{lgªjfbL, bnfnjfbL / cj;/jfbL
b[li6sf]0fsf ;fy} 9'nd'n, cl:y/ / csd{0otfjfbL lrGtg / ;fdGtjfb, bnfn tyf
gf]s/zfxL k"“hLjfb / ;fd|fHojfb– lj:tf/jfbsf] k|ltlgwTj ug]{ ju{,
ltgsf] ju{rl/q / 5fkaf6 cfkm"nfO{ k"0f{tM d'Qm ug{'k5{ .
pgLx?n]
dWosfnLg nIo u0ftflGqs k|hftGq-nf]stflGqs u0ftGq_ / tTsflng nIo ;+o'Qm jf ;j{bnLo
c:yfoL, cGtl/d, ;+qmd0fsfnLg vfnsf] qmflGtsf/L k|hftflGqs ;/sf/ agfpg'k5{ eg]
ljlwsf] ?kdf ;+ljwfg;ef / af6f]sf] ?kdf ;z:q ;+3if{nfO{ :jLsfg'{k5{ .
cfkm"nfO{
k|hftGqjfbL eGg] zlQm / JolQmx? ;a}n] of] s'/f klg dfGg' g} k5{ ls ju{, j+z,
ljrf/ / ljlw -rf/ a_ df ;dfg ;f]r ePsf] cyf{t Pp6} dfGotf dfg]/ rNg] cfkm\g}
bfh' /fhf lj/]Gb| / pgsf] k"/} kl/jf/nfO{ Ps} lrxfg kfg]{ slyt /fhf
1fg]Gb|n] c?sf] s;}sf] klg leGg cl:tTj / …rf/ aÚ cyf{t leGg ju{, j+z,
ljrf/ / ljlwnfO{ sbflk :jLsfg]{ 5}g .
pgLx?n]
ca @! cf}+ ztfJbLdf k'/fgf] / k|ltufdL ;fljt eO;s]sf] ;+;b, ;+ljwfg / ;xcl:tTj
h:tf …tLg ;Ú xf]Og gof“ cu|ufdL ;+;b cyf{t hgk|ltlglw ;ef -h;df /fhf
xf]Og ls dfcf]jfbL c6fpg ;s'g_, hg;+ljwfg -k"0f{ k|hftflGqs / /fHosf]
k'g;{+/rgf ug]{_ / ;xcl:tTj -hxf“ b]zeQm / hgjfbL cyf{t ;fdGtjfb–;fd|fHojfb
lj/f]wL ;a} zlQmx? Ps} 7fp+df k|ltkwf{ ug{ ;S5g\_ h:tf gof“ …tLg ;ÚnfO{
ckgfpg' k5{ .
;Rrf
k|hftGqjfbLx?n] ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb Pj+ ltgsf bnfn /Ifsx?;“u ug]{ …kf“r
;Ú– ;+jfb, ;+emf}tf, ;dGjo, ;xdlt / ;xsfo{ ca pgLx?;“u gu/]/ ;fdGtjfb–;fd|fHojfb
lj/f]wL b]zeQm, k|ultzLn, afdk+yL, hgjfbL / qmflGtsf/Lx?Fu ug{ lxlRsrfpg'
x'+b} x'+b}g .
pgLx?n]
csf]{ o:t} …rf/ ;Ú sf] ;"q klg nfu" ug'{k5{ . Tof] xf]– ;z:q
hgtf, ;z:q ;]gf, ;z:q ;xof]uL -bn_ / ;z:q ;+3if{ .
g]kfnsf
/fhgLlts zlQmx?sf] k/Dk/fut k'R5/jfbL ;+:sf/ -/fhf jf ef/tsf] k'R5/ aGg]
;+:sf/_ sf] gof“ ;+:s/0f pkk'R5/jfbL -k'R5/sf] klg k'R5/_ hf] xb};Dd t'R5
/ TofHo 5, nfO{ k"0f{tM kl/Tofu ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . lsgeg] xfnsf] /fhf 1fg]
k/Dk/fut ;fdGtL /fi6«jfbLsf] klg k|ltlglw xf]Og / o;n] /fi6«jfbsf] ls+lrt
k|ltlglwTj / /Iff ug{
klg ;Sb}g a? g]kfnnfO{ e"6fgLs/0f / l;lSsdLs/0f ub{5 . o:t} ef/t
klg k/Dk/fut k"“hLjfbL jf k|hftflGqs d'n's xf]Og / To;n] klg
k|hftGqsf] :yfkgf, k|ltlglwTj, /Iff / ljsf;df s'g} of]ubfg ug'{ t k/} hfcf];,
cGttM pN6} ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztf / ;fd|fHojfbL kmfl;HdnfO{ a9fjf lbg]5 . o:tf ;fd|fHojfb
cd]l/sfsf bnfn -k'R5/_ zlQmx?– /fhf / ef/tsf] klg k'R5/ aGg] lrGtg k|ljlQ
pkk'R5/jfbL lrGtg k|j[lQ g} xf] . o:tf] pkk'R5/jfbL lrGtg k|j[lQaf6 pgLx?
d'Qm geP;Dd oft k"“hLjfbL k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngn] k"0f{tf kfp+b}g
-a? gof“ hgjfbL jf ;dfhjfbL k|hftGqn] k"0f{tf kfp“5_ of pgLx?
k|hftflGqs zlQm geP/ k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQm ePsf] s'/fn] k'li6 kfp“5 . t;y{
pgLx? o; pkk'R5/jfbL lrGtg k|j[lQaf6 cljnDa d'Qm x'g} k5{ .
utsfndf
;+;bjfbL /fhgLlts bnx?df s';L{lnK;f cToGt} r/d?kdf b]vf k¥of] . To;df lul/hfk|;fb
sf]O/fnf clu|d k|lQmdf b]lvP . ;fRr} g} b]z / hgtsf] nflu / k|hftGq /
k|ultsf] nflu /fhgLlt ug]{x?n] JolQmut :jfy{ / dxTjfsf+Iffsf nflu kf6L{,
qmflGt, b]z / hgtfnfO{ clxt x'g] sfd ug{ kl5 gkg]{ l:ylt / dgl:yltaf6 ;+alGwt
;a} aRg h?/L 5 .
olta]nf
;a}n] a'4 / pgsf cg'ofoLx?sf] egfO …;+3d\ z/0fd\ uR5fld,Ú kf}/fl0fs
dfGotf …;+3] zlQm sfln o'u]Ú, k|lz4 gLlt laZjf;f] g}j st{Jod\====/fhs'n]if'rÚ
/ a}lbssflng …g}j /fHod\ g /fhfl;t g b08f] g r bfl08sÚ tyf ;fdGtL ;dfhsf]
pTklQsfndf /fhf / /fhtGqsf] pbosf ;Gbe{df elgPsf …hgtfsf] /Iff / lxt ug{
g;Sg] /fhfnfO{ ;QfRo"t ug]{, b08lbg] / oxf“;Dd ls abdf;L ug]{ jf ck/fwL
/fhfnfO{ t d[To'b08 ;d]t lbg]Ú s'/fnfO{ klg :d/0f ug'{ / jt{dfgdf nfu"
ug'{ u/fpg' cfjZos 5 .
jf:tjdf
s= dfcf]n] eg]em}+– …hgtf g} Oltxf;sf lgdf{tf x'g\Ú …hgtf kmnfd]
lsNnf xf]Ú …hgtf dxfg\ x'G5g\Ú …hgtf / hgtf g} ljZj Oltxf;;sf k|]/s
zlQm x'g\Ú eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;a}n] ulx/f];“u cfTd;ft ug{ k5{ . o;/L hgtfdf
ljZjf; ug]{ / e/ kg]{ u/]/ cl3 a9]df hgjfb -k|hftGq_ k|flKt, /Iff / ljsf; ug{
;lsg] s'/fdf s'g} z+sf 5}g .
pk/f]Qm gLlt, ljrf/ / sfd s'/fx? ckgfpg] xf] eg] ;f+lRrs} dxfg\ zxLbx?sf]
;kgf ;fsf/ x'g]5 /
oyfy{df zxLbx?sf] ;Ddfg x'g]5 . o;/L g} xfdLn] dgfp+b} u/]sf] zxLb ;Ktfx /
zxLbx?k|lt x/]s sfo{qmd ubf{ ug]{ u/]sf] >4f~hnLsf] ;fy{stf x'g]5 . t;y{
o;jif{sf] kmfu'g !$–@! sf] zxLb ;Ktfxdf xfdLn] ;Rrf k|hftGqjfbLx?aLr Pp6f
df]rf{ agfpg ;Sof}+ eg] / To;nfO{ u0ftGq k|flKt;Dd nfg] k|lta4tf b]vfpg ;Sof}+
eg] Pp6f o:tf] dxfg\ / P]ltxfl;s sfo{ x'g]5, h;n] ;Rrf k|hftGqsf] ce]B lsNnf
lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg]5 / xhf/f}+ zxLbx?sf] hLjg alnbfgsf] ;Rrf ;Ddfg x'g]5 . To;}n]
clxn] sDtLdf nf]stflGqs u0ftGq;Dd k'Ug] s'/f g} dfcf]jfbL / ;+;bjfbL /fhgLlts
zlQm, JolQm / ;d'bfox?sf] Go"gtd sfo{qmd x'g' kb{5 . cfu] cfp+bf lbgx?n] g}
atfp+b} hfg]5g\ . c:t' .
@)^!
kmfu'g !$ ut]
/0fg}lts
k|Tofsqmd0fdf lqnIo cleofgsf] dxTj
;'zLn
xfd|f]
dxfg Pj+ uf}/jzfnL kf6L{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] ut gf}+ jif{ otf ;j{xf/f ju{sf]
d'lQmsf] lgldQ a}1flgs of]hgfdf s'zn g]t[Tjåf/f ;+rfng ul/Psf] dxfg\ g]kfnL
hgo'4n] ju{ ;+3if{sf] jLraf6 5nfªdo ultdf ljsf; ub}{ /0fg}lts /Iff / ;Gt'ngsf
r/0f pkr/x? kf/ub}{ zlQm ;Gt'ngs} jLrdf b'O{ b'O{ k6s jftf{af6 k'g o'4 x'“b}
zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] pRr ?kdf k'lu;s]kl5 s]xL ;do cl3 ;DkGg s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7sn] /fhg}lts
/ kmf}hL b'j} lx;fjn] xfd|F] kf6L{ dxfg\ hgo'4sf] clGtd /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf]
r/0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] 7f]; lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
dfS;{jfb
/ n]lggjfbnfO{ Aofjxf/df nfu" ub}{ hf“bf of]hgfa4?kn] n8fOsf r/0fx? dWo]
/0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0f clGtd /0fg}lts of]hgf xf] . o;sf] ;}4flGts cjwf/0fsf] ljsf;
ljzfn l5d]sL d'n's rLgdf cWoIf dfcf];]t'ªn] hgqmflGtsf] qmddf ug'{ePsf] xf] .
cw{–;fdGtL, cw{–cf}klgj]l;s xfd|f] b]z g]kfndf ;j{xf/f au{sf] d'lQmsf] vflt/
ljZj qmflGtsf] cg'ej / dfn]dfjfbnfO{ g]kfnL wlt{df nfu" ug]{ qmddf n8fOsf]
cg'ej / ju{ ;+3if{af6 vfl/b} k|r08kysf] ljsf; ug{+ ;kmn ePsf] xf] . b]zLo ;fdfGtjfb
/ To;sf /Ifs k|x/L / 1fg]Gb| zfxLsf dltof/ zfxL cft+ssf/L ;]gf;+u cToGt glhsaf6
qmd};+u kf}7]hf]/L v]Nb} k|To]s Aof6naf6 yl/y/Lsf /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf
cfO{ k'u]sf] 5 . sd/]8 dfcf]T;]t'ªn] ljsf; ug'{ ePsf] cfwf/e't ;}4flGts cjwf/0ff
pxL /xbf/xb} klg g]kfnL r]tgf, g]kfnL e"–ljlzi6tf, g]kfnL hgtf / zf;s
jLrsf] cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ s]nfpb} @! cf}+ ;tfALbsf] gof“ kl/j]zof]Uo n8fO{ n8\b}
lb3{sfnLg hgo'4 / cfd ;;:q ljb|f]xnfO{ ;dfof]hg ub]{ ljZjqmflGtsf] sld sdhf]/Laf6
kf7 l;Sb} ljutsf sldsDhf]/LnfO{ ;RofP/ cl3 a9L/x]sf] 5 . k]?nufot y'k} b]zx?df
/0fg}lts zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] r/0faf6 k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf km8\sf] dfg{ g;ls/x]sf]
oyfy{tfnfO{ kmf}lhs/0fs} ;/ntf / gof“ a}rfl/s of]hgfn] ln8 ub}{ xfd|f] uf}/jzfnL
kf6L{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] /0fg}lts ;Gt'ngnfO{ kf/ ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 .
/0fg}lts
k|Tofqmd0f eGg] ljlQs} ;;:q lj|b|f]x egL a'¤g] ;d:of klg 5 . kf6L{n] zlQm ;Gt'ngsf]
cj:yfdf k|Tofqmd0f / z;:q ljb|f]xsf] tof/L eg]/ /fhg}lts ?kdf ;j}nfO{ ;r]t
agfpgsf] lgldQ 5nkmnsf] ljifo agfP/ NofPsf] lyof] . ;fy} eflj of]hgfx? k"/f
ug'{sf] lgldQ x/]s qmflGtsf/Lx?n] 7"nf 7"nf sl7gfO{x? kf/ ug'{ kg]{
s'/f klg cjut u/fPsf] lyof] . /0fg}lts /Iffaf6 /0fg}lts ;Gt'ng x'“b} /0fg}lts
k|Tofqmd0fdf hgo'4sf] ljsf;n] lgZro ?kdf u'0ffTds km8\sf]sf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5 .
k|Tofqmd0f eGg] ljlQs} ;fdfGo j'emfOdf wdfwd xdnf jf z;:q cfqmd0f xf] eGg] a'¤g]
ul/G5 t/ cf7f} ztfAbL / @! cf} ;tfAbLsf] n8fOdf :jefljs ?kn] leGg} x'g] ub{5 .
!* cf} ztfAbLdf s=dfS;{n] ;+u7gsf] cfwf/df k|mfG;sf] k]l/;df !*&! df klxnf]
k6s ;Qf sAhf ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . !( cf}+ ztfAbLdf ablnbf] kl/l:ylt cg'?k ;+u7g eP/
dfq ;Qf sAhf gx'g] l:yltnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ s=n]lggn] ?;df z;:q ljb|f]xåf/f
cS6f]j/ !(!& df ;dfhjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg u/L ljZj Oltxf;df klxnf] k6s ;j{xf/f
clwgfosTjsf] ?kdf gof“ /fHo;Qfsf] hu a;fNg' eof] . ;–;:q ljb|f]xåf/f ;Qf
sAhf eP tfklg l6sfpg g;lsg] lttf] cg'ejaf6 kf7 l;Sb} / k|ltlqmofjfbLx?n] cfÏgf]
zf;g;Qf l6sfpgsf] nflu h:tf] ;'s} bdgsf/L gLlt nfu" ug{;Sg] s'/fnfO{ Wofg
lbb} @! cf}+ ;tfAbLdf dfcf]T;]t'ªn] lb3{sfnLg hgo'4sf] ljsf; ub}{ r/0fj4 ?kdf
n8fO{ n8\b} ;g\ !($( df rLgdf ;Qf sAhf ug'{ eof] . Tof] a]nfsf] k|Tofqmd0fsf]
of]hgf / clxn]sf] @! cf} ;tfAbLdf dfn]dfjfbnfO{ Aofjxf/df nfu" ub}{
k|r08ky;Ddsf] ljsf; ub}{ Aofjxf/af6 k|fKt 1fgsf] cfwf/df hgo'4 cl3 a9] klg ljZj
sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf sld sdhf]/Laf6 kf7 l;Sb} g]kfnL w/ftnLo kl/j]; cg'?k
dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb dfcf]jfbnfO{ k|of]u ug]{ qmddf lglZrt?kdf >[hgfTds gof“
lrhsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 . t/ /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0f cGtu{t sltko of]hgf k"/f u/]/
kl5 ;;:q ljb|f]xsf] kl/j]z klg aGg ;S5 .
o'4sf]
ljsf; ;+u} /fli6«o / cGt/fli6«o kl/j];sf] ljsf;df klg lge{/ ug]{ s'/f xf] .
qmflGtsf/L ;]gf eGbf k|ltlqmofjfbL ;]gfsf] ;+Vof w]/} / xltof/sf] dfqf, cfk'lt{,
nh]li6s / cGo ;fwg>f]tsf] cj:yf dhj't x'g'sf] ;fy–;fy} cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb /
ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbL ;xof]usf] jfjh'b hgo'4sf] gf} jif{sf] ljsf; k|s[ofsf]
;+3if{af6 n8\bf n8\b} k|fKt ePsf /0fsf};ntf, cbDo ;fx;, >[hgfTdstf / kmf}hL
bIFtfsf] ;fd" k|ltlqmofjfbLx? Ps kl5 csf]{ xf/ vfg jfWo ePsf 5g\ . xfn cfP/
cd]l/sL kmf]l6{lkms];gnfO{ tf]8\b} *) k|ltzt e'uf]ndf :yfgLo ;Qf ;~rfng ub}{ oxf“
;Dd cfOk'Ubf / hg cfwf/sf] l:ylt / cfufdL n8fO{sf] kl/j]z x]bf{ /0fg}lts
k|Tofqmd0fsf] r/0fdf hfg cToGt h?/L ePsf] 7f]s'jf ub}{ kf6L{n] of] j:t'jfbL /
a}1flgs lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . æn8\g' eg]sf] cfÏgf] cl:tTj hf]ufpg' xf] / ;Demf}tf
ug'{ eg]sf] cfÏgf] cl:tTj d]6fpg' xf] .Æ eGg] dxfg\ u'? dfcf]sf] egfOnfO{
cfTd;ft\ ub}{ cf7 jif{sf] n8fO{sf] cg'ej, b':dgsf] dgf]ut l:yltnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{
kf6L{n] u/]sf] of] b'/ufdL lg0f{os dxTjnfO{ jf of]hgfnfO{ k"/f ug{ ;lsG5
eGg] cfTdljZjf; 5 .
vf;
vf; zlQm / ljrf/sf] s]lGb|s/0f u/]/ s'g} dxTjk"0f{ nIo k|fKt ug]{ of]hgfnfO{
cleofg elgG5 . cfd hgtfdf dxTjk"0f{ s'/f k'¥ofP/ vf; p4]Zo k"/fug{
of] cleofg w]/} 7f“pdf Ps} k6s z'? ul/G5 . qmflGtsf] lg0f{os cj:yfdf s=dfcf]T;]t'¨n]
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dfGotfsf ;fy ls;fg ;+3if{nfO{
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ps'z–d's';, ;DkGg ju{n] ljkGg ju{df nfb]sf] cGofok"0f{ c;dfgtf /
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ltgLx?nfO{ pb\3fl6t ug{ ;lsPg eg] klg cfGbf]ngnfO{ ljsf; ug{ ;lsGg . To;}n]
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p;sf k"“hLkltsf] tyf tfgfzfxLjfnfsf] cw{–cf}klgj]z / cw{;fdGtL b]zsf]
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d[To' jf:tjdf ef}lts ?ksf] cGToli6 eP klg jf ef}lts ?kdf k'ghLlj{t x'g g;s] klg
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sf/tf;“u ;DalGwt d[To' hf] ef}lts ?kdf hLljt eP klg j}rfl/s lx;fan] p;n]
d[To'j/0f ul/;s]sf] x'G5 . /; lgsfn]sf] / ºoflsPsf] vf]:6f h:t} x'G5 . s'g} klg
sfddf pkof]u gx'g] pkof]ulxg j:t'nfO{ /2Lsf] 6f]s/Ldf h;/L ldNsfPsf] x'G5 sfo/tf;“u
;DalGwt d[To'nfO{ klg Oltxf;n] dfgj ;dfhsf] /l2sf] 6f]s/Ldf ºofs]sf] x'G5 .
h;sf] gfd lng klg b'lgof“nfO{ d'lZsn kg]{ ub{5 / glhs klg kg{ rfxb}g lsgsL
To:tfx?sf] leqL u'bL s'lxPsfn] bz sf]if k/} b]lv 8'ª8'ªlt uGxfpg yfNb5 .
juL{o ;dfhdf d[To'sf] d"No klg ju{ ;fk]lIft x'g] ub{5 . Pp6f ju{n]
csf]{ ju{sf] d[To'nfO{ d"Nolxg 7fGb5 jf dfGotf lb+b}g . o;f] x'g c:jfefljs
5}g / cgf}7f] dfGg' kg]{ s'g} sf/0f klg 5}g . lsgsL ju{ aLrsf] cGtlj{/f]wsf
sf/0f plJhPsf] zq'tf k"0f{ ;DaGwn] g} ef}lts / cflTds d[To'sf] e]b 5'6\ofpg]
d[To'nfO{ lgDTofPsf] x'G5 / d[To'sf] d"Nosf] lgwf{/0f klg o;}n] ub{5 . a?
oyfy{ of] xf] sL s'g ju{ Oltxf;sf] cu|ufdL kIfsf] kIfw/ 5 / s'g ju{ kZrufdL
kIfsf] kIFw/ 5 eGg] s'/f klxn] a'‰g' kb{5 . o;/L x]bf{ cu|ufdL kIfsf] kIfw/
ju{sf] d[To' g} jf:tljs ?kdf sfnhoL, dxfg\ / cd/ 7xl/G5 .
g]kfnL e"lddf pleP/ d[To'sf] af/]df rrf{ ubf{ )%@ ;fnsf] dxfg\
hgo'4sf] z'?jft eGbf cl3 b]lv g} l56km'6 ?kdf d[To'sf] juL{s/0f eP/ d"No
lgwf{/0f eP klg pNn]lvt ldlt eGbf kl5af6 g} d't{ ?kdf d[To'sf] d"Nosf] ;Ldfª\sg
ePsf] kfOG5 . o;/L x]bf{ ;j{xf/f ju{n] rnfPsf] juL{o d'lQm o'4sf kIfw/x? dxfg\
d[To'~hoL ag]sf] b]lvG5 eg] ;j{xf/f juL{o d'lQmb]lv efUg] / ;j{xf/f juL{o d'lQm
cfGbf]ngnfO{ bjfpg vf]Hg]x?sf] d[To' kfgL h:t} /ª\u / uGw ag]sf] 5 .
g]kfnL wtL{df lg/Gt/ rln/x]sf] dxfg\ hgo'4n] xhf/f}+ dfG5]x? d[To'~hoL
hGdfO{ ;s]sf] 5 eg] ToxL d[To'~hoL dfG5]x?sf] /utn] g} hgo'4 tLa| ljsf;sf] qmddf
cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . o;/L d[To'sf] aLrdf ;Ldf lgwf{/0f x'g] qmddf dxfg\ d[To'sf]
kIfw/sf] ?kdf z'/]; jfUn], z]/dfg s'j/, l/tjxfb'/ v8sf, s[i0f ;]g …OR5'sÚ
nufotnfO{ pbfx/0fLo
kfqsf ?kdf lng ;lsG5 / To;}u/L cflTds d[To'sf] kIfw/sf] ?kdf hgo'4 bjfpg
cfj]u / xltof/sf] ;fxf/f lng vf]Hg]x?nfO{ lng ;lsG5 .
;Qf / zlQm ljlxg ;j{xf/fju{ olt a]nf :yfgLo :t/df ;Qf ;~rfng ub}{ s]Gb|Lo
;Qf sJhfsf] k|lqmofdf cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . o; oyfy{nfO{ b[li6ut ubf{ ;j{xf/fju{nfO{
;Qf / zlQm b'j} s'/f k|fKt ePsf] 5 . o;/L ;j{xf/fju{ ;Qf / zlQm b'j} s'/fn]
k'0f{ x'g'df dxfg\ d[To'sf] ljz]if e"ldsfsf] sf/0f xf] eGg] s'/fdf s;}sf]
b'O{dt /xg ;Sb}g jf d[To';“u ;Qf / zlQm b'j} s'/f hf]l8Psf] 5 . cfh ToxL dxfg\
dTo'sf] hudf pleP/ g} g]kfnL wtL{df dfn]dfjfbsf] k|of]u;“u} ljrf/ >ª\vnfsf]
?kdf k|r08kysf] hGd ePsf] 5 . o;/L dxfg\ d[To'sf] hudf 6]s]/ hlGdPsf] k|r08kyn]
xhf/f}+ d[To'x?nfO{ dxfg\tf k|bfg ub}{ uO/x]sf] s'/f klg s;}sf] gh/df l5Kg ;Sb}g
.
dxfg\ d[To' Tof] xf] h;sf] hudf pleP/ j}1flgs ljrf/sf] ljsf; / gof“ ;'Gb/
;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 . Pp6fsf] d[To'n] xhf/f}+sf] cfhfbLsf] lgldQ af6f] tof/
ug{ ;lsG5 . Pp6f dfgj ;dfh / k|s[ltsf] cl:tTj /x'~h]n;Dd Tof] d[To' hLljt ag]/
s/f]8f}+–s/f]8sf] dlitisdf cld6 ?kdf /lx/xg ;S5 .
d[To' em6\6 x]bf{ hLjgsf] ;dfKtL xf], To;n] ubf{ d[To'sf] cy{ /
cf}lrTonfO{ ga'‰g]x?n] cToGt} hl6n / hLjg nLnfsf] ;dfKtLsf] ?kdf d[To'nfO{
a'‰g] ub{5g\ . o;/L d[To'nfO{ a'‰g]x?n] ef}lts ?kn] af“rL/xg' g} hLjg hLpg'
xf] eGg] a'‰b5g\ hf] k'“lhjfbL lgis[6 JolQmjfbL ;f]rn] lgb]{lzt x'G5g\ .
dxfg\ hgo'4sf] z'?jft cufl8 d[To' eofgs 36gfsf] ?kdf kl/eflift x'g]
ub{Yof] t/ clxn] g]kfnL hgo'4n] d[To'nfO{ hLjgsf] ;Defljt 36gf k|lqmofdf ?kfGt/0f
u/]sf] 5 . o;f] eg]/ hgo'4n] d[To'sf] v]tL ug]{ kIfdf nflu k/]sf] eg] xf]Og a?
d'lQmsf] k|lqmof;“u hf]l8Psf] d[To'nfO{ gof“ lz/faf6 kl/eflift u/]sf] s'/fdf
rflx ;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsGg .
d[To'sf] dxfgtf ckf/ x'g] s'/f o;/L klg k'li6 x'“b} uO/x]sf] 5 . hxf“
hgo'4sf] k|lqmofdf >[ª\vnfjå ?kdf bzf}+ xhf/sf] jlnbfg / cfjZostfdf nfvf}+
jlnbfgsf] lgldQ tof/L cj:yfdf /x]sf] oyfy{tf s'g} klg e|dsf] kbf{n] 5]Sg ;Sg]
5}g . o;/L ljrf/;“u ;DalGwt ef}lts d[To' ;dflKt geP/ hLjgsf] cd/Œj k|fKt pbo
xf], nIf k|flKtsf] af6f]sf] k|]/0ffsf] >f]t xf] .
ljBfyL{
cfGbf]ngleq ;f+:s[lts sfdsf] dxTj
—8L=jL= tfdf¨
ljZj
a|Dxf08sf] cl:tTj ultdf /x]sf] 5 / of] ultzLn 5 . o;/L g} ljZj a|Dxf08sf x/]s
a:t' klg ultzLn 5g\ . åGbjfbn] oxL atfp“5, ;To lj1fgdf cfwfl/t x'G5 / åGbjfb
Ps lj1fg xf] . oxL a}1flgs k|lqmof cg'?k g} dfgj ;dfh lg/Gt/ ultdf cl3 al9/x]sf]
5 / lxhf]sf] t'ngfdf cfh ljsl;t cyf{t kl/jt{g e}/x]sf] 5 . ;dfh ljsf; egf}+ of
dfgj r]tgfdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g, s'/f Ps} / cGt/;DjlGwt x'g\ . ;dfhsf k|d'v ;+jfxs
dfgj ;d'bfo g} ePsfn] dfG5]sf ljrf/, snf, ;+:s[lt, af]nLrfnL, e]ife"iff g}
;dfhsf ljz]iftf x'g\ . ljz]if u/L ;dfh ljsf;sf] dfkb08 Toxf“ k|rlnt ;fdflhs–cfly{s
pTkfbg ;DjGwsf cfwf/df ug]{ ul/G5 . hj dfG5]sf] r]tgfdf kl/jt{g cfp“5, pTkfbg
;DjGwdf kl/jt{g x'g yfN5 . hj ;fdflhs cfly{s pTkfbg ;DjGwdf kl/jt{g qmlds ?kdf
x'+b} hfG5 / ;dfhn] ljsf;sf pkr/0fx? kf/ ub}{ Ps lglZrt cjlw k"/f u/]/
lg0f{os laGb'df k'U5 tj ljsf;n] u'0ffTds km8\sf] df5{ / ;dfh ljsf;sf] gof“
r/0fdf k|j]z
ub{5 . Toltv]/ klxn]sf] eGbf lgSs} leGg / ljsl;t pTkfbg ;DjGw sfod ePsf] x'G5 .
oxL k|lqmof cg'?k g]kfnL ;dfh klg bf; o"uLg pTkfbg ;DjGwaf6 ljsl;t x'“b}
Psn] csf{nfO{ lgif]w ub}{ ;fdGtL, cw{;fdGtL pTkfbg ;DjGwsf] k|lqmofaf6 u'lh|/x]sf]
5 .
b'O{
;o jif{eGbf nfdf] ;dob]lv g]kfnL >dhLjL ju{ dfly zf;g ub}{ cfPsf lg/+s'z ;fdGtx?n]
pTkfbg ;DjGwnfO{ cfÏgf] xftdf kf/]/ >lds–ls;fg ;d'bfon] pTkfbg u/]sf
j:t'sf dflns cfkm}+ ag]/ zf]if0fsf] /fHo rnfO/x]sf 5g\ . p;n] cfÏgf] zf;g
l6sfO{ /fVg cfÏg} cg's'nsf] snf, ;+:s[lt, wd{+, l/ltl/jfh klg g]kfnL ;dfhdf nfu"
u/fO{/x]sf] 5 . ToxL wd{ ;+:s[lt nufPt tdfd ;fdGtL ;+:sf/x?sf] hfnf] leq g]kfnL
>dhLjL hgtf Pj+ lzlIFt / o"jf lk9L klg hflg–ghflg kml;/x]sf 5g\ . t/
klg r/d zf]if0fsf] sf/s >dhLjLju{ / ;fdGtLju{ ljrsf] cGt/lj/f]wn] ;dfh kl/jt{g
ug{ 3r3RofO/x]sf] 5 . oxL cGt/lj/f]wsf] hf/L / d"t{?k xf] g]kfnL hgo'4 .
oxf“ hgo'4 s]jn jlu{o cGt/lj/f]wn] hGdfPsf] /fhgLlts cfGbf]nsf] ?kdf dfq j'¤g
kof{Kt x'g] 5}g . oxf“ y'k}| ;xfos cGt{lj/f]wx?n] hGdfPsf h:t}, hftLo, ln+uLo,
pTkL8g tyf z}lIFs / ;+:s[lts >]qsf ;d:ofx? ;dfwfgfy{ cl3 al9/x]sf d'lQm
cfGbf]ngx? 5g\, h'g hgo'4sf cz+x? x'g\ . o;y{M hgo'4 Pp6f ;du| o'4sf] ?kdf
ultdfg 5 . o;} cGtu{t juL{o d'lQm;+u} z}lIFs d'lQm Uof/]06Lsf ;fy hgo'4sf]
e"dl/df ;dflxt ljBfyL{sf] lbdfudf ljb|f]xsf] r]tgf eg'{ / Tof] eGbf klg
dxTjk"0f{ ljifo hgo'4sf] ljho kZrft k|fKt >dlhjL ju{sf] ;Qf / hgjfbL snf
/ ;+:s[ltsf] dfWodjf6 gof“ lzIFf, gof“ ljrf/ / gof“ ;Qfsf] jl/kl/ uf]njGb
u/L o'jf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ nfn /Ifs (Red guard) df abNg' qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{x?sf]
cfhsf] k|d'v bfloTj ag]sf] 5 . t;y{ z}lIFs cfGbf]ng leq ;f+:s[lts sfdsf] dxTj /
ljBfyL{ ;d'bfon] v]Ng' kg]{ e"ldsfjf/] oxf“ rrf{ ul/g]5 .
snf
;+:s[lt dfgj hLjgsf cleGg c+u x'g\ . h;n] dfgjLo laz]iftf emNsfpg] ub{5 . of]
k|To]s dfG5]sf] b}lgs hLjgdf cleAoQm eO/xG5 . dfgjLo r]tgfn] dfgj ;+:s[ltsf]
hGdlbG5 eg] ToxL ;+:s[lt cg'?ksf] r]tgf jf ljrf/ lgwf{/0f x'g] ub{5 . logLx?
aLrsf] åGbfTds ;DjGwn] Psn] csf{sf] cl:tTj jrfpg cxd e"ldsf lgefO/x]sf]
x'G5 . h'gs'/f jt{dfg g]kfnL ;dfhdf phfu/ eO/x]sf] 5 . cyf{t ;fdGtL zf;s ju{n]
Ps k|sf/sf] ljrf/ jf l;4fGt cg'?ksf] ;+:s[lt, snf, ;flxTo dfkm{t hg;d'bfodf
yf]kl/Psf] cfÏgf] zf]if0fsf] ;Qf l6sfpg x/ k|oTg ul//x]sf] 5 . tL ;fdGtL ljrf/jf6
lgb]{lzt snf / ;+:s[ltnfO{ cGt u/L åGbfTds ef}ltsjfbdf cfwfl/t hgjfbL snf, ;+:s[ltsf]
:yfkgf ug{ s] ug'{k5{ eGg' eGbf klxnf ;fdGtL ;+:s[lt s] xf] < o;af6 g]kfnL ;dfh
/ ljz]if u/L ljBfyL{ ;d'bfo s;/L k|efljt e}/x]sf] 5 / p;n] ;Qf l6sfpg s;/L
e"ldsf lgefO{ /x]sf] 5 eGg] ljifodf s]xL rrf{ u/f}+ .
;fdGtL
ljrf/ eGgfn] a:t' oyfy{nfO{ e|ldt kf/L c;+efljt / cnf}lss s'/fnfO{ cl3 ;f/]/
cfbz{jfbL r]tgf hGdfpg] ljrf/ xf] . oxL ljrf/sf] cfwf/df ;[lht ;+:s[lt g]kfnL ;dfhdf
ljBdfg 5 . o;sf] pbfx/0f vf]Hg 6f9f ghfp ;dfhsf] d]?b08sf ?kdf /x]sf] lzIFfdf
x]/f}+ . elj:osf s0f{wf/ elgPsf ljBfyL{x? cfÏgf lg:jfy{ dl:tis lnP/ hj ljBfnodf
k'Ub5, z'?d} æ>Ldfg uDeL/ k|r08 k|tfkL e"kltÆ eGb} AolQm k"hfsf]
dGq hKg nufOG5 . clg sIFf sf]7fdf j;]/ hj lstfj kN6fp“5, z'?d} lg:sG5 ljBf
b]lj dftf, ;/:jlt aGbgf Ozj/sf] dlxdf cflb OZj/} O{Zj/sf] ufgf . Tof] eGbf cem
leq l5/] k5L e]l6G5 æ/fhfdxf/fhf lji0f'sf] cjtf/Æ oLgsf] s'g} uNtL ck/fw x'b}g\g
;w} ;Ddfg\ ug'{k5{, k"hf ug'{k5{ cflb . ljBfnojf6 z'?d} oxL 1fg eg{ z'?jft
u/]sf tL ljBfyL{sf jfn dl:tisn] ToxL lzIFfaf6 Tof] eGbf leGg lzIFf kfpb}gg .
rf8kj{, d]nf, hfqf ;j} b]jtfs} gfddf x'N5, eg] Tofxf“ ul/g] /dfOnf] eg]sf] Psn]
csf{nfO{ n'6\g] h'jf–tf;,
;Ddfgsf] ?kdf hLjg g} jjf{b kfg]{ hf8–/S;Lsf] k|of]u, k|]dsf] cGw ef]uL jgfpg'
clek|]l/t ;fOnf / ;fOnLsf] uLt gfr g} x'G5g\ . oL ;j tLg} ;fdGt 7fn'x?s}
lgb]{zgdf / pgLx?s} lxt cg's'n e}/x]sf] x'G5 . o;/L ;fdGtL hfnLx?af6 cfkm"x?
n'l6Psf] s'/f ltgLx?sf] lbdfun] ;f]Rg} ;Sb}g\g . olb yfxf kfOxfn] klg lj/f]w ug{,
;+3if{ ug{ ltgLx?nfO{ wd{ / ;fdflhs dof{bfn] lbb}gg\ . emg} clxn] cfP/ ljZjsf
k"“hLjfbL d'n'sx? ljz]ifu/L klZrd]nL k"“hLjfbL 5f8f ;+:s[ltsf]
k|efj / g]kfndfkgL lj:tf/ x'“b} uPsf] k"“hL / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] cw{–;fdGtL
;fdflhs :j?k cg'?ks} wfld{s ;+sL0f{tfjfbL ;fdGtL ;+:s[lt / cfw'lgssf] gfddf
k"“hLjfbL 5f8f ;+:s[ltsf] ;+of]lht …vRr8 ;+:s[ltÚsf]
k|efj tLj| jGb} uO/x]sf] 5 . h;n] g]kfnL snf, ;flxTo,uLt, ;+uLt, rnlrq cflb s'g}
klg IF]q c5'tf] /xg ;s]sf] 5}g . h"g o'jf ljBfyL{ hg;d'bfon] klxnf]
k|Fyldstfsf ;fy AolQmut :jtGqtfsf] clwsf/ ;lxt AolQmTj klxrfg / ljsf;sf nlu
pkof]u / pkef]u ug]{ ub{5 .
of]
;+:s[ltsf] k|efjn] o'jf ;d'bfodf ToxL k|sf/sf] cw{;fdGtL r]tgfsf] ljsf; ul/lbPsf]
x'G5, h;n] AolQmut hLjgb]lv ;fdflhs ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgdf /fhgLlts / åGbjfbL
k|lqmfo cjjnDjg ug{ ;Sb}g\g clg lbgk|ltlbg ;d:ofsf] bnbndf km:b} hfG5 /
cGtTjuTjf k'/fg} ;Qfsf] bf; aGg jf“Wo t'NofOG5, o;/L ;fdGtjfbL / ;fd|fHojfbL
;+:s[ltsf] ckljq ldngaf6 hGd]sf] …vRr8
;+:s[ltÚn] ljz]ifu/L o'jf ljBfyL{ ;d'bfonfO{ g} k|efljt u/L p;}sf] ;Qf l6sfpg]
sfddf k|of]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . oxL cj:yfdf hf] cfh cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] kIFdf gof“
ljrf/ ljlwsf ;fy gof“ lzIFf / ;+:s[ltsf] hu j;fNb} qmflGtsf] hu j;fNb}
qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngdf ;dflxt ePsf 5g\ sfd Tolt ;/n / eg]h:tf] ;lhnf] sbflk 5}g\
. qmflGtsflng cj:yfdf ju{zq';“u h'Wg' / k'/fgf] ljrf/ lzIFf–;+:s[ltnfO{
lgd'{n kfg'{ k|wfg sfd ePklg gof“ hgjfbL lzIFf ;+:s[lt / ;Qfsf] cfnf]sdf gof“
g]kfnsf] nIo jf]s]sf] ljsf;df klg u+lDe/tfsf;fy lnP/ Aojxfl/s ?ksf sfo{Gjog ub}{
hfg' plrt x'g]5 . dfly g} pNn]v e}O;s]sf] 5, ls ljrf/ cg'?ksf] ;+:s[lt / ;+:s[lt
cg'?ksf] ljrf/sf] hGd / kIfkf]ifs x'g] ub{5\, h;cg'?k jt{dfg ;fdGtL ;QfnfO{
l6sfpg ;fdGtL ;+:s[ltn] v]n]sf] e"ldsfaf6 klg :ki6 x'G5, ls s'g}klg ljrf/
of ;QfnfO{ :yflkt ug{ / l6sfpg ;f“:s[lts kIFsf] dxTj slt /x]5 eGg] s'/f .
To;}n] gof“ ljrf/ / nIonfO{ cfd lbdfudf :yflkt u/L k|fKt pknlAwnfO{ jrfO{/fVg
;f+:s[lts kf6Lsf] e"ldsf] dxTj x'g] s'/f :jtM :ki6 5 . olt dxTjk"0f{
e"ldsfnfO{ z}lIFs cfGbf]ng ;“u} o'jf ljBfyL{ ;d'bfon] g} ljz]if hf]8 lbP/
nfg' lsg cfjZos 5 < o;sf lgldQ lgDg s'/fx? tkm{ Wofg lbg plrt x'g]5 .
ljBfyL{x?
:jefljs ?kdf cGo ;d'bfosf] t'ngfdf gof“
x'G5 / ltgLx?sf] lbdfu klg k'/fgf ljrf/ / ;+:s[ltaf6 d'Qm / :jR5 x'g] x'“bf
gof“ ljrf/ / ;+:s[ltnfO{ l56f] u|x0f ug{ ;lsG5 . lzIFf / ;+:s[lt cToGt lgs6:t
ljifo x'g\ . o;nfO{ 1fg / Aojxf/sf] ?kdf a'¤bf plrt x'g]5 . ;dfhnfO{ cfÏgf]
OR5f cg'?ksf] ;+/rgfdf 9fNg] d'Vo zlQm o'jf g} ePsfn] jt{dfgdf rln/x]sf] qmflGt
;kmn kfg{ xf]; of qmflGt kZrft x'g] k|ltqmflGtnfO{ /f]Sg, o'jf zlQm g} lg0f{os
x'G5 . h;sf] ;f/ j:t' eg]sf] lzIFf / ;+:s[lt g} xf] . rLlgof dxfg\ ;j{xf/fjfbL ;f+:s[lts
qmflGtsf] dxTjk"0f{ sfd k"/fgf] z}lIfs Aoj:yf k2lt / cWoog k|0fnLnfO{
?kfGt/0f ug'{ lyof] . h; cGtu{t lzIFfn] g}lts, af}l4s, / zf/Ll/s ljsf;u/L ;dfhjfbL
r]tgfjfbL r]tgf / ;+:s[lt >lds tof/ k/f];\ . o; ;Gbe{df elgPsf] 5 .
ljBfno
;dofjlw 36fOg'k5{ .
kf7\oqmd
l56f] / ;/n x'g'k5{ .
hl6n
;fdfu|L ;/nLs[t ug'{k5{ .
pNn]lvt
o'jf ljBfyL{ ;d'bfosf] ljz]iftf, lzIFf / ;+:s[lt aLrsf] ;DjGw Oltxf;sf] cg'ej /
jt{dfg cfjZoQmf Pj+ oyfy{tfsf] cfwf/df gof“ hgjfbL lzIFf :yfkgfy{ gof“ ljrf/
/ ljlwsf ;fy cfGbf]ng/t ljBfyL{ ;d'bfon] gof“ ;+:s[lt snf / ;flxTosf] ljsf;df
k|d'v lhDd]jf/L axg ug{ cfjZos 5 . cj rrf{ u/f}+ Oltxf;n] ;'Dk]sf] of] dxfg\
bfloTj jf jt{dfgsf] HjnGt cfjZostfnfO{ k"/f ug{ ljBfyL{ ;d'bfon] Wofg
lbg'kg]{ s'/ftkm{ . cfjZostfsf] r]tgfn] :jtGqtfsf] ;+;f/ hGdfpg] dfGotf cg'?k
k'/fgf] lzIFfdf cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] cfjZostfn] cjZo klg hgjfbL lzIFfsf] hGd
x'g]5 . h'g nIosf ;fy ultdfg cfGbf]ngdf k|of]u ePsf gof“ ljrf/, ljlw / Aofjxf/n]
cjZo klg gof“ ;+:s[lt, snf / ;flxTosf] k|ltljDj b]vf k/]sf] 5 . o;/L z}lIFs
cfGbf]ng of jlu{o cfGbf]ngsf] jLraf6 k|ltljlDjt ePsf gof“ d'No dfGotfnfO{ /fhg}lts
/ ;}4flGts?kdf ;+Zn]if0f u/L Aofjxfl/s ?kdf d"Nojf]w ug{ / u/fpg cfh}af6
k|lqmof yfNg cfjZos b]lvG5 . o;sf ;fy} lgDg ljifox?nfO{ klg ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng leq
;d]l6g'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
x/]s
gof“ ljrf/ / l;4fGtnfO{ s]jn s]jn l;4fGtdf dfq u|x0f ug]{ xf]Og Aojxf/df
cleAoQm ug]{ / Aojxf/jf6} hf“Rg cfjZos 5 .
hgjfbL
lzIffs} gLlt cg'?k cfTdlge{/, cy{tGqsf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbg ;j{xf/fjfbL sfo{z}nL /
>ddf efu lng]s'/f b}lgs hLjgsf] klxnf] zt{ x'g'kb{5 .
h'g;'s}
wd{, hflt, / If]lqo ljz]iftf cg'?ksf] ;+:s[ltdf a]lxlRsrfj6 ;dflxt 3'nldn eO{ /fd|f]sf]
ljsf; / g/fd|f]sf] ljgfzsf] nflu ;b}j tTk/ /xg'kb{5 .
snf,
;flxTo, uLt, ;+lut ljljw ;+:s[lts sfo{qmdx?nfO{ hflto, If]lqo wfld{s, ljz]iftfs}
cfwf/df ljz]if hf]8 lbO{ To;sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/df hf]8 lbOg'kb{5 . h;cGtu{t ;flxlTos
k|sfzg, uLlt ;+ufnf], uLlt Sof;]6 cflb k|sfzg ug]{ .
ljBfnosf]
rf}3]/f leqjf6 / kf7\ok':tssf] ;Lldt bfo/f leqjf6 dfq lzIFf cfh{g ug]{ ;+s'lrt
3]/fnfO{ lj:yflkt u/L x/]s IF0f / x/]s kfOnfdf lzIFf k|fKt x'g] dfGotfnfO{ cfd
lbdfudf :yflkt u/L To;sf] ;+:yfut / d'Nof+sg ug]{ ljlw nfu" ul/g' kb{5 .
k9\g]
s]sf nflu < eGg] ;Gbe{df k9\g] b]vfj6L kIfdf kf; x'gsf nflu xf]Og\ 1fg /
r]tgfsf] clea[l4 u/L hLjg / hutnfO{ Aojxfl/s ?kdf ;/n jgfpg Pj+ ;'Gb/ 9+ujf6
cleAoQm ug{ jf zf}Gbo{jf]w x'gfsf nflu xf] eGg] dfGotfnfO{ nfu" ul/g'kb{5 .
cGtdf
oxf“ pNn]lvt ljifox?n] s]xL c+zdfq ;d]l6Psf] x'g;S5, t;y{, ;du|df k|r08kyn] ;lhPsf
;f}Gbo{ lrGtg -hgcGtu{t gof“ hgjfbL snf, ;flxTo / ;+:s[lt_ / k|r08klyo
lzIFfnfO{ Aojxfl/s ?kdf ;f}Gbo{jf]w u/]/ dfq hgjfbL lzIFf k|flKtsf] cfGbf]ng ;kmn
Pj+ o;sf lgb]{zs l;4fGt k|r08kysf] ljsf; / /Iff ug{ ;lsg] 5 .