cGo
;dfrf/x?
d]rL–sf]zLdf
ls;fg h'd'{/fP
O6x/L÷g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_nfO{ ;lqmo ;dy{g ub}{ cfO/x]sf] eft[ ;+u7g
c=g]=ls=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ d]rL–sf]zL If]qLo ;+of]hg ;ldltsf] t];|f] a}7s ljleGg
kmf}hL–u}/kmf}hL lg0f{osf ;fy df3 !^ ut] ;+of]hs 8f]n]Zj/ 9'+u]nsf] cWoIftf /
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s=ckf/sf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
dxfg\ hgo'4nfO{ ljho;Dd k'¥ofpg /0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] prfO;Dd p7\bf cf–cfkm\gf]
k|f0fsf] cfx'lt lbg' x'g] dxfg\ zxLbx?k|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{
z'? ul/Psf] a}7sdf ;Dk"0f{ k|ltlglwx?n] oyfy{ l/kf]l6{ª ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
l/kf]l6{ªsf] ;+Zn]if0f ;lxt k|d'v cltlyn] lgb]{zgd'ns ;f/ule{t dGtJo /fv] kZrft\
a}7sn] d]rL–sf]zL hg;}Go k|lt/f]w cleofg cjlwleq} ul/;Sg] u/L k|rf/fTds–lqmofTds
;+3if{sf k|f?kx? lgwf{/0f u/L dftxtsf sld6Lx?df ;s'{n/ hfl/ ul/;s]sf] yfxf ePsf]
5 .
k|rf/fTds ;+3if{ cGtu{t If]qsf k|To]s uf=h=;=df Ps–Ps :yfgdf gf/f h'n';,
k|To]s Pl/ofdf Ps–Ps j6f sf]0f;ef, Jofg/–kf]i6l/ªsf ;fy} ls;fg-dfr{ ug]{
lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . To;} u/L lqmofTds ;+3if{ cg';f/ k|To]s b'O{ j6f Pl/ofnfO{ ldnfP/
;z:q kmfol/ª h'n';, k|To]s Pl/ofdf ;fdGt tyf ;'bvf]/sf afnL sAhf / ljt/0f, hUuf
sAhf / ljt/0f clg hfnL, km6fxf tyf ;'bvf]/sf td;'s sAhf u/L hgsfjf{xL ug]{
lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .
;+u7gfTds lg0f{o cGtu{t cleofgleq} If]qLo e]nf ul/g] ePsf]n] dftxtsf
sld6Lx?n] lgwf{l/t ;doleq a}7s ,e]nf / ;Dd]ngx? u/L ;Sg' kg]{, If]qLo e]nfeGbf
k"j{ g} $ xhf/eGbf a9Lsf] ;+Vofdf :yfgLo ;+u7gx? lgdf{0f ug'{kg{], %) xhf/sf]
;+Vofdf ;b:otf ljt/0f ul/;Sg' kg]{, ls;fgsf] …kf6{ 6fOd/Ú ldlnlzof Knf6'gsf]
lgdf{0f k|To]s Pl/ofn] ug'{kg]{, cf–cfkm\gf] ;fk]Iftfdf k]zfut ;+u7gx? lgdf{0f
ug'{kg]{ x/]s txsf ls;fg sfof{nox?nfO{ kf6L{ sfof{no;+u} hf]8]/ Jojl:yt ug'{kg]{
lg0f{ox? ul/Psf] yfxf ePsf] 5 .
j}rfl/s sfo{af/] k|To]s Pl/ofn] cf–cfkm\gf] Pl/ofdf cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd
;~rfng ug]{, If]qLo sfof{noaf6 Pp6f ls;fg ;+3if{sf] a'n]l6g lgsfNg] lg0f{o ePsf]
5 . cfly{s k|:tfj cGtu{t dftxtsf sld6Lx?nfO{ hfgsf/L cfpg] / ljljwdf zxLbsf] ljj/0f
tTsfn If]qLo sfof{nodf k7fpg] ;fy} k|To]s lhNnfn] Pp6f j8fnfO{ ls;fg df]8]nsf] ?kdf
ljsf; ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] s'/f hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] 5 .
ls;fgsf] If]qLo sld6Ln] dftxtsf sld6Lx?df u/]sf] of] ;s'{n/nfO{ x]bf{
kf6L{sf] d]rL-sf]zL hg;}Go k|lt/f]w cleofgnfO{ ;xof]u k'Ug] dfq xf]Og ls;fg
;+3if{n] l;¨} hgo'4sf] lk/fld8df O6fyKg] k|fo lglZrt\ ePsf] 5 .
ljleGg
JolQmx?nfO{ pkTosf aflx/ hfg /f]s
sf7df8f}+÷ df3 !( ut]sf] slyt zfxL 3f]if0ffkl5 zfxL
;/sf/n] pkTosfdf /x]sf @ ;o hgf eGbf a9L /fhg}lts JolQmTj, dfgjclwsf/jfbL n]vs,
k|fWofks, a'l4hLjL nufotnfO{ pkTosfaf6 aflx/ hfg /f]s nufPsf] 5 . o;/L /f]s
nufOPsfx? dWo] dfgjclwsf/jfbL, a'l4hLjL, kqsf/ / k|fWofksx? dfq} tLg bh{g eGbf
a9L ePsf] yfxf ePsf] 5 .
va/cg';f/
dfcf]jfbL ;/sf/ jftf{sf k"j{ ;xhstf{åo k2d/Tg t'nfw/, bdggfy 9'ª\ufgfsf ;fy
8f=dy'/fk|;fb >]i7, uf]kfn lzjfsf]6L, 8f=uf]kfns[i0f lzjfsf]6L, ;'jf]w/fh
Kofs'/]n, uf}/L k|wfg, ch'{g sfsL{ nfO{ pkTosfaf6 aflx/ hfg /f]s nufOPsf] yfxf
ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L dfgjclwsf/L cfof]usf ;b:oåo ;'zLn Kofs'/]n, slkn >]i7,
k|fWofksx? s[i0f vgfn, s[i0f xf5]y', s[i0f e§rg, jl/i7 clwjQmf l;Gw'gfy Kofs'/]n,
d"NofÍgsf ;Dkfbs Zofd >]i7 klg pkTosf s6\g gkfpg]df k/]sf 5g\ .
To:t}
cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3sf dxf;lrj cf]d u'?ª, k"j{ pk;efd'v lrqn]vf ofbj, ;jf]{Rr
cbfntsf k"j{GofowLz nId0f cof{n, cGtl/dsfnsf sfg'g tyf GofodGqL lgnDa/
cfrfo{ klg pkTosf aflx/ hfg gkfpg]df k/]sf 5g\ . lo ;j}nfO{ pkTosfjf6 jflx/ hfg]
k|of; ubf{ kmsf{Opsf] lyof] .
kf]v/f÷zfxL sbdsf] lj/f]w ub}{ h'n'; k|bz{g ug]{ qmddf
kf]v/fdf g]kfnL sf+u]|;sf * hgf dlxnfx?nfO{ ut lalxaf/ kqmfp u/L zflGt ;'/Iff
P]gsf] slyt # dlxg] k"hL{ ydfP/ h]n rnfg ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L h]n kg]{x?df ljGb'
;'j]bL, sf]lknf /fgfef6, ljGb' e08f/L, nIdL e08f/L, ;/:jtL kf}8]n, pld{nf yfkf,
;s'Gtnf sf]O/fnf 5g\ eg] ;8sdf a;]/ tfnL ahfP/ ;dy{g ug]{ df]xg kf}8]nnfO{ klg
kqmfp ul/Psf] 5 t/ pgsf] l:ylt yfxf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
sfg'g
Joj;foLx?sf] l/xfOsf] dfu
sf7df8f}+÷ g]kfn af/ P;f]l;ogn] lu/ºtf/ rf/ sfg'g
Jofj;foLx?nfO{ l/xfO{ ug{ oxL kmfu'g !@ ut] Ps jQmJo dfkm{t dfu u/]sf] 5 . af/sf
cg';f/ sdnaxfb'/ vqL sf7df08f}+, sNof0f s]=;L= df]/ª, gGb/fd e08f/L ;'v]{t,
u0f]zbQ e§ 88]nw'/fnfO{ k|x/L lx/f;tdf ljleGg ;dodf lu/ºtf/ u/L /flvPsf] 5 .
To;}u/L
kmfu'g !# ut] g]kfn a]nfot af}l4s kl/ifb\n] df}lns :jtGqtf / k|hftGq lgnDjgsf]
36gfk|lt uDeL/ c;xdlt hgfp“b} lu/ºtf/ ul/Psfx?sf] l/xfOsf] dfu u/]sf] 5 . kl/ifb\sf
cWoIf k|f=;"o{ ;'j]bL, dxf;lrj Pj+ cS;kmf]8{ ljZjljBfnosf 8f= 8]le8 u]ng/,
sf]iffWoIF k|f= dfOsn x7 nufotn] jQmJo hf/L u/L dfu ul/Psf] xf] .
ef/tdf
dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{x? kqmfp
sf7df8f}+÷ g]kfndf k"0f{ k|hftGqsf] :yfkgfsf nflu
nl8/x]sf qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ ef/tLo ;/sf/n] k'gM kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . cf}ifBL pkrf/ /
cGo sfdsf] lznlznfdf ef/tdf uPsf] jvt k6gf / l;nu'8Ljf6 & hgf dfcf]jfbL
sfo{stf{ tyf ;d{ysx?sf] kqmfp ul/Psf] a'lemPsf] 5 . g]kfndf ;fdGtjfbsf] cGTo /
nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgfy{ hLjgd/0fsf] ;+3if{df cl3 al9/x]sf dfcf]jfbL
sfo{stf{x?nfO{ kqmfp ul/Psf] o; 36gfk|lt ef/tsf Gofok|]dL hgtf;d]t cfqmf]lzt
ePsf 5g\ .
cl3Nnf]
xKtf k6gfjf6 ef/tLo k|x/Ln] clvn -qmflGtsf/L_sf k"j{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o /fh]Gb|
sfsL{ -gljg_, lj/fdL cj:yfdf /x]sL pxf“sL >LdtL OlGb/f sfsL{ / ! jif{sf]
jRrf, b'uf{k|;fb 9'+u]n-bLks_, uh]Gb| h;kfn, c:ktfndf pkrf/ u/fO/x]sf lj/fdL
nfnaxfb'/ nfdf / ch'{g ofbjnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L l;nu'8Ljf6 sfnLaxfb'/ /f]Ssf-?k]z_nfO{
kqmfp ul/Psf] 5 . pxf“sf] lu/km\tf/LkZrft\ dfcf]jfbLsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o kqmfp
k/]sf] eGb} k|rf/ u/]sf]df dfcf]jfbL k'Ifn] pxf“ kf6L{sf] Ps lhDd]jf/ sfo{stf{
eP klg s]Gb|Lo ;b:o eg] gePsf] hgfPsf] 5 .
g]kfndf
nf]stGq axfnLsf] nflu ;Dd]ng
gof“ lbNnL÷ oxL km/j/L @$ tf/]v -kmfu'g !# ut]_ gof“
lbNnLl:yt aL=kL=xfp;df ef/tdf lqmofzLn ljleGg /fhg}lts bn Pj+ ;d"xsf] Ps ;Dd]ng
cfof]hgf eof] . h;sf] pb\3f6g e"k" k|wfgdGqL rGb|z]v/n] ug{' eof] eg]
;dfkg dGtJo csf{ e"k" k|wfgdGqL kLjL l;+xn] ug{'eof] . pQm ;Dd]ngn]
k|:tfj u/]sf] 5– g]kfndf nf]stGqsf] vtd ePsf]df Ps} :j/n] lgGbf ub{5f}+ .
g]kfnsf g/]z 1fg]Gb|åf/f rflnPsf] cnf]stflGqs Pj+ clwgfosjfbL lg0f{osf] eT;{gf
ub{5f}+ / cfºgf] lj/f]w k|s6 ub{5f}+ . g]kfndf ;+3if{/t hgtf Pj+ Toxf“sf ;a}
nf]stflGqs zlQmsf] ;fy Psh'6tf k|s6 ub}{ cfºgf] g}lts Pj+ /fhg}lts ;dy{g
ub{5f}+ .
;fy} pQm ;Dd]ngsf] dfu /x]sf] 5– æcfktsfnLg cj:yf t'?Gt x6f, ;a} g]tf
Pj+ sfo{stf{sf] cljnDa l/xf u/, k|]; Pj+ cleJolQm :jtGqtfsf] axfnL u/, nf]stGqsf]
:yfkgf u/ .Æ pQm ;Dd]ngn] ef/t ;/sf/;“u dfu u/]sf] 5–æef/t ;/sf/n] s'g}
klg sbd gp7fcf];\ ls h;n] g]kfnsf] clxn]sf] jt{dfg ;/sf/sf] j}wflgstf ldnf];\ .Æ
o; ;Dd]ngdf ef/tsf b'O{ bh{g hlt /fli6«o /fhg}lts bnsf g]tfx?sf] pkl:ylt
/x\of] . b'O{ e"k" k|wfgdGqLsf cnfjf x/ls;g l;+x ;'/hLt, ;Ltf/fd o+r'/L,
sf+u|]; k|jQmf cfgGb zdf{, hohjfg ho ls;fg kf6L{sf cWoIf ;'gLn zf:qL, ;LkLcfO{
dxf;lrj P=aL= a4{g, ;LkLcfO{ PdPn lna/]zgsf dxf;lrj bLk+s/ e§frfo{, ;f];ln:6
kf6L{sf ljhok|tfk, g]kfnsf nflu ef/tsf e"k" /fhb"t ljdnk|;fb, pQ/k|b]zsf
e"k" /fHokfn /f]d]z e08f/L nufot y'k|} ef/tLo g]tfx? / g]kfnsf ljleGg
/fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?sf] klg
pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
k|jf;
;Djfbbftf
O6fnLsf
dhb'/x?sf] g]kfnL hgo'4sdL{x?nfO{ ;Gb]z
sf7df8f}+÷ O6fnLsf] 6f]/06f] zx/sf ljleGg sf/vfgfsf
dhb'/x?n] g]kfnsf] hgo'4 bzf}+ jif{ k|j]z u/]sf] cj;/df g]kfnL hgo'4sdL{x?nfO{
awfO{ tyf P]Soj4tfsf] ;Gb]z k7fPsf 5g\ . pgLx?n] g]kfnsf] hgo'4sf] k|rf/–k|;f/sf
nflu O6fnLsf ljleGg zx/x?df cleofg g} 5]8\gsf nflu ut km]j|'j/L @) tfl/vdf …g]kfn
P]Soj4tf sld6LÚsf] klg u7g u/]sf 5g\ .
;f] sld6Ln] k7fPsf] ;Gb]zdf ut gf} jif{b]lv g]kfnsf ;j{xf/f, ls;fg, o'jf
/ dlxnfx?n] ljb|f]xsf] em08fnfO{ p“rf] /fVb} hf/L /fv]sf] hgd'lQm ;+3if{sf]
xfdL ;dy{g u5f}+ elgPsf] 5 . cfkm\gf] ;Gb]zdf ;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfbsf] cf8df
1fg]Gb| zfxn] u/]sf] s" sf] klg 3f]/ eT;gf{ ul/Psf] 5 .
;f] P]Soj4tf sld6Ln] cfufdL d] dlxgfsf] %–@) tfl/v;Dd O6fnLsf clwsf+z
zx/x?df g]kfnsf] hgo'4sf] ;dy{gdf cleofgfTds sfo{qmdx? ug]{ hgfPsf] 5 . ;fy}
pgLx?sf] ;f] sfo{qmdnfO{ eJo / ;kmn agfpg dfr{ / ck|Ln dlxgfx?df Jofks tof/Lsf
sfdx? ug]{ klg hgfPsf] 5 .
o;cl3 ut km]j|'j/L !# ut] ;f“em % ah] hgo'4sf] jflif{sf]T;jsf] lbg ;f]
zx/sf dhb'/x?n] O6fnLs} ldnfg zx/df /x]sf] ef/tLo sG;'n]6 cufl8 ut ;fn
dfcf]jfbLsf kf]ln6\Jo"/f] ;b:o dflqsf ofbj / ;'/]z cfn]du/nfO{ lu/km\tf/
u/]/ g]kfnsf] zfxL ;QfnfO{ a'emfpg] sbd / dfcf]jfbL g]tf l;kL uh'/]nnfO{ ef/tLo
h]ndf aGbL agfO/fVg] sbdsf] lj/f]w kb{zg u/]sf 5g\ . o;sf nflu pgLx?n] O6fnLsf
ljleGg zx/x?df g]kfnsf] gS;f / dfcf]jfbL g]tf uh'/]nsf] kmf]6f] /x]sf] / g]kfnsf]
hgo'4af/] ljleGg hfgsf/L /x]sf] kf]i6/ af“8]sf lyP .
6sL{df
dfcf]jfbL ;]gfåf/f cfqmd0f
sf7df8f}+÷6sL{ / pQ/L s'lb{:tfgsf] dfcf]jfbL sDo'lgi6
kf6L{ -Pds]kL_ åf/f g]t[Tj ul/Psf] hg;]gf / 6sL{sf] ;z:q ;}Go ansf aLr ut hgj/L
!$ -df3 !_ ut] pQ/L s'lb{:tfgsf] 6';]nL -klxn] 8ld{;_ df Pp6f le8Gt ePsf] 5 .
pQm le8Gtdf 6sL{sf] ;z:q ;}Go ansf ;ft ;b:o dfl/Psf] atfOPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -Pdcf/s]_n] klg b'Zdgtkm{ ;ft ;b:o dfl/Psf] / cfkm\gf] hg;]gftkm{
kf“r hgfsf] Iflt ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
pQm le8Gtdf 8l;{d If]qsf] ;z:q ;}Go ansf] sdf08/;lxt ;ft hgf dfl/Psf],
kf“r 3fOt] ePsf] / ;f] ;z:q ansf] sdf08/ r9]sf] x]lnsf]K6/ Wj:t kfl/Psf]
Pds]kLn] k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . pQm le8Gtdf cfkm\gf]tkm{ hg;]gfsf] sfjf{xL 6's8Lsf
sdf08/ loNdfh uf]s x]lnsf]K6/sf] k+vfn] sfl6P/ zxLb ePsf] klg :jLsf/]sf] 5 .
sdf08/ uf]s ;g\ !(*) df 6sL{sf] cbfgf–o'/]lh/df hlGdPsf ljZjljBfnosf] 5fq
x'“bf o'jf ;+u7gdf lqmofzLn ePsf] / kl5 hg;]gfdf ;+nUg /x]sf] Pds]kLn] hgfPsf]
5 .