d'Vo ;dfrf/
1fg]Gb|åf/f
ljb]zL ;]gf k|of]u u/]/ b]zeQmsf] xTof
b]zLo ;fdGtjfb / ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf] ldlneutdf b]z / hgtfsf kIfdf n8]sf
dxfg\ of]4f / s= hLt;lxt #@ hgfsf] xTof ePsf] 5 . g]kfndf hgo'4 z'? eP otf ef/tLo
/ g]kfnL zfxL ;]gfsf] ;+o'Qm of]hgfdf xTof ePsf] of] klxnf] 36gf xf] .
hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfn klZrd l8lehgcGtu{tsf] ;tjl/of bf];|f] la|u]8sf sdf08/
s= hLt;lxtsf] Ps 6's8L kmfu'g !& ut] cfºgf] of]hgfsf ;fy cufl8 a9\b} ubf{
jlb{ofsf] u0f]zk'/ eGg] :yfgdf zfxL ;]gf / ef/tLo ;]gfsf] 3]/fpdf k/]sf] s'/f
klZrd l8lehg sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . ;f] 3]/fpnfO{ tf]8\g] qmddf ePsf] k|lt/f]w
sfjf{xLdf k/L s= hLt;lxt #@ hgfsf] zxfbt ePsf] lyof] . o;qmddf b'O{ bh{geGbf a9L
zfxL ;]gfsf] klg d[To' ePsf] / Tolts} ;+Vofdf pgLx? 3fOt] ePsf] hgfOPsf] 5 . ef/tLo
;Ldf ;'/Iff ann] g]kfnL e"ldleq k|j]z u/L ;ft hgf hgof]4fx?nfO{ lu/ºtf/
u/]/ ef/tLo e"lddf /fv]sf] yfxf ePsf] 5 . ef/tLo kIfn] dfcf]jfbLx? ef/tLo
e"lddf k|j]z ug{ nfUbf kqmfp u/]sf] egL em'7f] aofg hf/L u/]sf] 5 .
eLdbQ kGtsf] ljb|f]xnfO{ bafpg ef/tLo ;]gfx? g]kfndf k|j]z u/]/ ePsf]
;}Go x:tIf]knfO{ ;d]t o; 36gfn] lkmSsf agfOlbPsf] 5 . Tolta]nf xfsfxfnL eg]/} ef/tLo
;]gf k|j]z u/fOPsf] lyof] eg] clxn] hgljb|f]x e8\s]nf eg]/ n'sfOPsf] 5 .
b]zelQmnfO{ ldng ljGb' agfpg' k5{ eg]/ /fi6«jfbsf] gf/f lbP/ gyfSg] 1fg]Gb|n]
b]z / hgtfsf] kIfdf nl8/x]sf hgtfnfO{ dfg{ ljb]zL ;]gfsf] ;d]tsf] k|of]un] pgsf]
c;nL rl/q :ki6 ePsf] 5 . ljb]zLx?sf] bnfnL u/]/ xltof/ leq\ofpg] / :jfledfgL
hgtfsf] sTn]cfd u/]/ t 1fg]Gb| abgfd ePs} lyP . of] kl5Nnf] 36gfn] pgL s'rL{sf
lglDt b]zdf ljb]zL ;]gfsf] k|j]zsf] lglDt klg slt klg glxRsrfpg] /x]5g\ eGg]
s'/f ;a}n] a'em]sf 5g\ . ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbL zf;s;“u bnfnL ug{ 1fg]Gb|n] cfºgf
lgs6 dGqL /d]zgfy kf08]o / e"ldut lu/f]xsf ;b:o z/brGb zfxnfO{ lbNnL k7fPsf
5g\ .
ptf ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbL zf;sn] df3 !( ut]sf] 1fg]Gb|sf] sbdnfO{ aflx/ lj/f]w
u/]sf] b]vfP klg To;sf lj?4 nl8/x]sf] dfcf]jfbLsf] lj?4 sfjf{xL u/]/ 1fg]Gb|nfO{
;xof]u ul//x]sf] 5 . ef/tdf pkrf/ ug{ / s]xL sfd ljz]ifn] uPsf dfcf]jfbL g]tf /
sfo{stf{x?nfO{ y'g5]s ug{] / ;'k'b{uL ug{] sfdnfO{ clxn] klg tLj|tf lbOPsf] 5 .
kl5Nnf] 36gf, l;nu'8Lnufot 7fp“df ePsf] lu/ºtf/L o;}sf] pbfx/0f xf] .
zfxL ;]gf / ef/tLo ;Ldf ;'/Iff ann] 3]/fp ubf{ klg hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf
of]4fx?n] cToGt} axfb'/Lsf ;fy k|lt/f]w u/L 3]/f tf]8]/ cfºgf] ;+u7g, of]hgf /
g]t[Tjsf] /Iff ug{ ;kmn ePsf] s'/f hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn klZrd l8lehgsf sdf08/ s=
k|efs/n] hgfpg' ePsf] 5 . sdf08/ s= k|efs/sf] jQmJosf] k"0f{ kf7 oxf“
k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5– æhgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfn klZrd l8lehg cGtu{tsf] Ps 6's8L cfkm\gf]
lglZrt of]hgfcg';f/ oxL kmfu'g !& ut] cufl8 a9\b} ubf{ alb{ofsf] u0f]zk'/
eGg] :yfgdf j/Lk/Laf6 3]/faGbL u/]/ al;/x]]sf] k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfsf zfxL
hNnfbx?;“u eL8Gt x'g k'u]sf] 5 . alb{of, u'nl/of / g]kfnu~haf6 cfPsf] sl/a Ps
xhf/sf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf] b'Zdg / g]kfnsf] ;Ldfleq} cfPsf] ef/tLo ;'/Iffkmf}h;lxtn]
3]/faGbL u/L cfqmd0f ubf{ hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfnsf of]4fx?n] cToGt} axfb'/Lsf ;fy
k|lt/f]w u/L 3]/f tf]8]/ cfkm\gf] ;+u7g, of]hgf / g]t[Tjsf] /Iff ug{ ;kmn ePsf
5g\ .
pQm eLif0f 3]/faGbLsf] ;fx;k"j{s k|lt/f]w ug]{ qmddf hgd'lQm ;]gf,
g]kfn klZrd l8lehgcGtu{tsf] ;tjl/of bf];|f] lj|u]8sf sdf08/ s=hLt;lxt #@ hgf jL/
of]4fx?n] pRr zxfbt k|fKt ug'{ePsf] 5 . hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfnsf of]4fx?sf] k|lt/f]wsf]
qmddf b'O{ bh{geGbf a9L zfxL hNnfbx?sf] d[To' x'gfsf] ;fy} TolQs} ;+Vofdf ;Vt
3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . clxn] zfxL hNnfbx?n] of] tYonfO{ n'sfP/ hgtfdf e|d l;h{gf ug]{
u/L b'Zk|rf/ ul//x]sf] s'/f :ki6 ug{ rfxG5f}+ .
;f]xL 36gfdf cft+ssf/L zfxL ;]gfsf hNnfbx?n] cGwfw'Gbf cfqmd0f u/L &
hgf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] xTof ug{'sf ;fy} Ps bh{geGbf a9LnfO{ 3fOt] agfPsf 5g\ . ;a}nfO{
dfcf]jfbL eGb} cGwfw'Gbf xTof u/]/ cfkm\gf] ck/fwsf] 9fs5f]k ug]{ dfq geO{
dfgjclwsf/sf] s'/f u/]/ l;+uf] hgtf;fd' kfgLdflysf] cf]efgf] x'g] b'Zk|rf/ ul//x]sf]
5 . ptf ef/tLo ;Ldf ;'/Iff ann] g]kfnL e"ldleq k|j]z u/L zfxL hNnfbx?nfO{
;kf]6{ ug'{sf ;fy} xfd|f & hgf of]4fx?nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] 36gfn] pgLx?sf]
lgotnfO{ :ki6 u/]sf] 5 . ef/tLo ;'/IffsdL{af6 ePsf] o; 36gfn] xfdLnfO{ uDeL/
agfPsf] 5 .
pQm 36gfdf xfd|f]tkm{ x'g uPsf] dfgjLo / ef}lts Ifltn] klZrd l8lehgnfO{
7"nf] k|efljt agfPsf] 5 . lj|u]8 sdf08/ s=hLt g]kfnL hgo'4sf Ps s'zn
n8fs'sf ;fy} ;fx;L / k|lta4 sdf08/ x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“sf] cefjn] l;+uf] hgd'lQm
;]gfdf ck"/0fLo Iflt x'g k'u]sf] 5 . sd/]8 hLt;lxtsf of]4fx?sf] zxfbtaf6
x'g uPsf] of] ck"/0fLo Ifltn] xfd|F] kf6L{, hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] k+lQm,
cfkmGthgx? Pj+ hg;d'bfodf kg{ uPsf] zf]s / kL8fk|lt klZrd l8lehg xflb{s ;dj]bgf
k|s6 ub{5 . zf]sfs'n ;Dk"0f{ of]4fx?, zxLbsf kl/jf/hg Pj+ cfb/0fLo
hg;d'bfonfO{ o; zf]ssf] 38Ldf w}o{ / ;fx;sf ;fy cufl8 a9]/ xfd|f] dxfg\ nIo
k|flKtdf cem pRr :t/af6 nflu kg{ zf]snfO{ zlQmdf abNg] xfd|f] qmflGtsf/L k/Dk/fnfO{
cem pRr :t/df p7fpg cfu|x ub{5f}+ .
u0f]zk'/sf] 36gf hxf“ xf]gfxf/ sdf08/;lxt jL/ of]4fx?n] cfkm\gf]
;+u7gsf] /Iffsf] nflu jL/tfk"j{s n8\b} jlnbfg ug'{eof], pxf“x?n] hgd'lQm
;]gfsf] dxfg\ cfbz{nfO{ cem dfly p7fpg' ePsf] 5 . cToGt} ux'|“uf] d'No r'Qmf
u/]/ k|fKt u/]sf oL dxfg\ lzIffx?n] xfd|f] kf6L{, ;+u7g / l;+uf] cfGbf]ngnfO{
cl3 a9fpg yk dfu{lgb]{zg ug]{5g\ . o'4 Iflt / pknAwLx?sf] >+[vnfx?s} aLraf6
cufl8 a9\g] ePsf]n] qmflGtsf/L o'4 klg o;af6 c5'tf] x'g ;Sb}gYof] / ;s]g .
qmflGtsf/Lx?n] sdeGbf sd Ifltsf nflu k|oTg ug]{ / csf]{lt/ cfjZos sf]6f r'Qmf ug{
klg kl5 gkg]{ qmflGtsf/L dfGotfsf cfwf/df cufl8 a9\g} kg]{ x'G5 . oxf“ klg
xfdLn] ;du| kl/l:yltsf] ljZn]if0fdf x'g uPsf] sldk|lt uDeL/ aGb} o; IfltnfO{
pknlAwdf abNg y'k|} jlnbfgLsf aLraf6 u'h|g' kg]{ jf:tljstfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug}{kb{5
. o; 36gfn] o'4sf] gof“ :t/df ljsf; ePsf] tYonfO{ :ki6 ub{5 .
cfh ljsl;t ePsf] gof“ kl/l:yltdf g]kfnL hgo'4n] k|Tofqmd0fsf] klxnf]
of]hgfnfO{ ;kmntfk"j{s cufl8 a9fO/x]sf] 5, of] o;sf] csf]{ kf6f] xf] . slyt
zfxL 3f]if0ffåf/f hgtfsf Go"gtd\ clwsf/x? ;d]t ckx/0f eO;s]sf] cfhsf]
l:yltdf ;du| /0fgLlt, of]hgf / sdf08nfO{ gof“ :t/df p7fp“b} ljhosf] clGtd
r/0fdf k|j]z ug{ b'Zdgsf /0fgLlt, of]hgf / if8\oGqx?nfO{ klg ;f]xL :t/af6 a'‰g
cfjZos 5 eGg] uDeL/ lzIffx?nfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/f}+ . /Qmkftk"0f{ qmflGtsf (
jif{x?n] xfdLnfO{ /fhg}lts nIo k|flKtsf nflu cem Jofks, tLj| / ;fxl;s cfqmd0fåf/f
cufl8 a9\g] k|r08kysf] dfu{lgb]{zgnfO{ bx|f]?kdf cfTd;ft\ ug{ lgb]{lzt u/]sf] 5
. tfgfzfxx?nfO{ 3f]8faf6 gv;fnL g]kfnL hgtfsf] jf:tljs :jtGqtf / k"0f{
k|hftGq k|fKt x'g] 5}g . jL/ zxLbx? ;w}+ cd/ /lx/xg' x'g]5 . dxfg\ zxLbx? nfn ;nfd
†Æ
;Gbe{
(% cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf lbj;
k}lqs
;DklQdf 5f]/LnfO{ ;dfg clwsf/sf] gf/f nfu" u/f}+
cfh (% cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf lbj; xf] . cfh ljZjel/sf dlxnfx?n] o;
lbj;nfO{ ljljw sfo{qmd;lxt w'dwfd dgfp“b}5g\ . g]kfnL dlxnfx?n] klg o;nfO{
;+3if{sf] sfo{qmdsf aLrdf dgfp“b}5g\ . g]kfnL dlxnfx?sf] k|ltlglw ;+u7g clvn
g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ n] o; jif{sf] kmfu'g @% ut]sf] cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf
lbj;sf] P]ltxfl;s lbgnfO{ ljz]if ?kdf k}lqs ;DklQdf 5f]/LnfO{ ;dfg clwsf/sf] gf/fnfO{
Jojxf/df ?kfGt/0f ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . dlxnf ;+u7gn] 1fg]Gb|sf] df3 !( ut]sf]
k|ltufdL sbdsf] lj/f]wsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ klg t]h agfpg] hgfPsf] c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_
sL cWoIf hok'/L 3tL{n] cf7 dfr{sf] ;Gbe{df hf/L ug{' ePsf] jQmJosf] k"0f{
kf7 lbOPsf] 5 æcGt/f{li6«o >lds dlxnf lbj; -cf7 dfr{_ ;+;f/el/sf >lds
dlxnfx?sf nflu P]ltxfl;s / uf}/jk"0f{ lbg xf] . >lds dlxnfx?sf] ;fxl;s
ljb|f]xsf] kl/0ffdn] cfh ;+;f/el/sf >lds dlxnfx?df To;sf] ;+3if{zLn / h'emf?
k/Dk/fnfO{ sfod /fVb} dlxnf xs–lxtsf] ;'lglzrt ug{] k|]/0ff lbO/x]sf] 5 . of]
P]ltxfl;s lbgnfO{ >lds dlxnfx?n] cfºgf] zf]if0fsf ;Dk"0f{ hl~h/x?nfO{
tf]8\g / cfkm}nfO{ ;dfhsf] ;lqmo Pj+ ;dfg gful/ssf] :t/df ?kfGt/0f ug{ qmflGtsf/L
phf{ k|fKt ug{] k|]/0ffsf] lbgsf] ?kdf ;Demg' k5{ .
g]kfnsf] dlxnf cfGbf]ngdf vf;u/L qmflGtsf/L dlxnf cfGbf]ngn] klg cf7
dfr{sf] P]ltxfl;s uf}/jtfnfO{ ;+3if{sf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ s8Lsf] ?kdf cfTd;ft\
ub{} cfPsf] 5 . @)%@ ;fnsf] hgo'4sf] kxn;“u} g]kfnL qmflGtsf/L dlxnfx?n] >lds
dlxnf lbj;sf] ;f/tTjnfO{ Jojxfl/s ?kd} nfu" u/]/ g]kfnL >lds dlxnfx?sf]
uf}/jk"0f{ Oltxf; lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ . hgo'4af6 d'Qm ufp“ If]qx?df sfod
x'“b} u/]sf] ;fdflhs c;dfgtfsf] cGTo / cfGbf]ngsf] ;a} If]qdf dlxnfx?sf]
pNn]vgLo ;xeflutf Pj+ ;lqmotfn] of] s'/fsf] k'li6 ul//x]sf] 5 . oxf“ dlxnf
cfGbf]ng p7fg ug{ / dlxnf clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{ hgo'4sf] s'zn g]t[Tj ul//x]sf]
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] cfd / :ki6 gLltn] ljz]if e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf]
5 . o; ;Gbe{df g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] k}lqs ;DklQdf ;dfg clwsf/sf] gLltnfO{
ljz]if hf]8 lbO/x]sf] s'/f pNn]vgLo 5 .
xfd|f] ;+u7g c=g]=d=;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ n] o; jif{sf] kmfu'g @% ut]sf] cGt/f{li6«o
>lds dlxnf lbj;sf] P]ltxfl;s lbgnfO{ ljz]if ?kdf k}lqs ;DklQdf 5f]/LnfO{ ;dfg
clwsf/sf] gf/fnfO{ Jojxf/df nfu" ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . h;sf nflu gof“
hg;Qf / cfd hg;d'bfo;“u oxL kmfu'g @% ut]b]lv Jojxfl/s ?kn] nfu" ug{
ljz]if clkn ub{5f}+ . ;fy} ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGqsf] lj?4sf] ;+3if{nfO{ oxL gf/fsf
cfwf/df ;+o'Qm ;+3if{sf] p7fg ug{ xfdL ;a} hgkIfLo dlxnf ;+3–;+u7gx? / cfd
hg;d'bfox?df xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .Æ