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s}of}+
k"“hLjfbL ljrf/s ;dfh ljsf;df k|d'v sf/0f e"uf]n, hnjfo' jf
hg;+VofnfO{ dfGb5g\ . e"uf]n / hnjfo'n] ;dfh ljsf;df cjZo} k|efljt kfb{5g\
, t/ tL k|wfg sf/0f xf]Ogg\ . dfcf] eGg'x'G5– æl;+u} ?kdf x]bf{ k[YjL / o;sf]
x/]s e]usf ef}uf]lns / xfjfkfgLsf l:yltx?df x'g] x]/km]/x? cfkm"nfO{ bzf}+,
xhf/f} jif{x?df JoSTofp“5g\ eg] ptf ;dfhdf x'g] kl/jt{gx? rfxL+sf] ;of}+, xhf/f}+
jf slt;Dd eg] qmflGt x'“bftfsf t s]xL aif{x? jf dlxgfx?df g} cfkm"nfO{
JoSTofp“5g\ .Æ dfcf]sf] egfOdf k|s[ltdf ljsf;sf] d"n sf/0f k|s[ltleqsf
cflGtl/s cGtlj{/f]wx? / ;dfhsf ljsf;sf d"n
sf/0f ;dfhdf ljBdfg cfGtl/s cGtlj{/f]wx? g} x'g\ . dfcf]sf b[li6df afx\o
sf/0fx?sf] e"ldsf oxf“ cjZo} x'G5, t/ tL uf}0f x'g\ . dfNy;n] ;fdflhs u/LaL
/ ;dfhsf] ljsf;df k|efljt kfg]{ tTjsf] ?kdf hg;+Vof a[l4nfO{ lnPsf 5g\ . pgsf]
egfOdf hg;+Vofsf] a[l4 HofldtLo 9+un]– !–@–$–*–!^–#@, cflb– x'G5,
t/ hdLgsf] pTkfbg Ifdtfdf a[l4 eg] c+s ul0ftLo 9+un]–!–@–#–$–%–^,
x'G5, ctM lx+;faf6 jf hgtfnfO{ ef]s} dg{ lbP/, ;d:of ;dfwfg ug'{ kb{5 . of]
dfNy;sf] k"“hLjfbL pTkL8gnfO{ hfoh 7fGg] / u/LaLsf] jf:tljs sf/0f n'sfpg]
3[l0ft lrGtg xf] . jf:tjdf ;dfh ljsf;sf] d'Vo sf/0f ;dfhdf ljBdfg cGtlj{/f]w g}
xf] .
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cl:Tjsf nflu ;+3if{M
of]
l;4fGtn] ;dfhdf ljsf;sf] sf/0f ;fdflhs–cfly{s ge} h}ljsLo dfGb5 . o;af/] P+u]N;
eGg'x'G5– æcl:tTjsf nflu ;+3if{sf] 8flj{gsf] l;4fGt Wj+;sf] ;asf lj?4 ;asf]
o'4sf] l;4fGt / dfNy;sf] hg;+Vof l;4fGt ;d]t k|ltof]lutf ;DaGwL a'h'{jf cfly{s
l;4fGtsf] ;dfhaf6 ;hLj k|s[ltsf] If]q dfq ;xh -dxh_ :yfgfGq0f xf] . -dfS;{–P+u]N;–;+slnt
kq Jojxf/, k[= @@^_ . of] l;4fGt ;dfhzf:qaf6 k|s[lt lj1fg /
k|s[lt lj1fgaf6 ;dfhzf:qdf NofOPsf] xf] . P+u]N;n] 8flj{gsf] ljsf;qmdsf]
l;4fGt dfGg' x'G5 t/ pgsf] cl:tTjsf nflu ;+3if{, k|fs[lts j/0fnfO{ c:yfoL /
ck"0f{ dfGg' x'G5 . P+u]N;sf] b[li6df k|s[ltdf lk08x?df lghL{j / ;hLjsf]
cGtlqm{ofdf ;fdf~h:o / 6s/fpm, ;+3if{ / ;xof]u b'j} ;fd]n 5g\ . / To;}n] jxf“
cl:tTjsf nflu ;+3if{nfO{ Psf+uL 7fGg' x'G5 . -pQm, k[= @@%_ . ;fy} k|s[lt / hLj
lj1fgsf lgodnfO{ ;dfhzf:qdf ;fg'{ klg unt xf], ;dfh lj1fgsf lgodx? ;dfhaf6}
lnOG5g\, aflx/af6 xf]Og .
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hd{g cfbz{jfbL bfz{lgs :k]+un/ -!**)–!(#^_ n] cfkm\gf] o"/f]ksf] ;"o{:tdf
k"“hLjfbsf] ;f“:s[lts ;+s6nfO{ ;Dk"0f{ hgtf ;d]tsf] ;+s6 atfO{
Psflt/ k"“hLjfbsf] ljsf;kl5 ;d:t ;F“:s[ltsf] ktg ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub}{ /fhtGq,
clehftju{ P+j ;}Gojfbsf] u'0fufg u/] eg] csf]{lt/ P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbsf lj?4
P]ltxfl;s lgoltjfb tyf ;fk]Ifjfbsf] jsfnt u/] . o:t} 6fogjL -!**(–!(%^_ n]
cfkm\gf] Oltxf;sf] cWoogdf ;fdflhs k|ultsf lj?4 ;f“:s[lts rqmsf] l;4fGt k]z
u/] . of] Oltxf;k|ltsf] k"“hLjfbL ;fd|fHojfbL dfGotf lyof] . :k]+un/ /
6fogaLsf oL ljrf/– gLT;]sf] ljrf/df cfwfl/t cts{a'l4jfbL–lgoltjfbL ljrf/ lyP
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ljsf;sf j:t'jfbL lgodx?sf] c:jLsf/ u/] . ;dfh ljsf;sf sf/s tTjx?nfO{
dgf]j}1flgsx?n] dflg;sf :jtGq OR5f / cGtMj[lQdf b]Vg], hLjzf:qLx?n] hLjhutsf
lgodx?nfO{ hah{:tL dfgj Oltxf;df nfu' ug]{ / k|ToIfjfbL ;dfhzf:qLx?n] ;+/rgfjfbL,
k|sfo{jfbL 9+un] Oltxf;nfO{ x]g]{ u/] . logn] dfgj Oltxf; / ;dfh ljsf;sf
lgodx?nfO{ ;fdflhs–cfly{s ;Gbe{ / åGåfTds tyf P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbaf6
s6fO{– oflGqs ef}ltsjfbL jf cfbz{jfbL 9+un] x]g]{ u/] . oL dWo] s}of}+n]
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf lj?4 ;+;bLo Joj:yf, nf]ssNof0fsf/L /fHo jf ctLtsf] cfbzL{s/0f
klg ug{ k'u] . s}of}+n] kmfl;jfbsf] kIf lnP .
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;+zf]wgjfbLx?
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bz{gzf:qdf h:t} /fhgLlts cy{zf:qsf If]qdf klg cfkm"nfO{ clwe"tjfblj/f]wL
ePsf] bfjf u/]sf 5g\ / dfS;{sf] /fhgLlts cy{zf:qnfO{ klg clwe"tjfbL atfpg]
u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx?n] Psflt/ cfkm"nfO{ ;dfhjfb / pbf/tfjfb, of ef}ltsjfb /
cfbz{jfb st} klg kIfw/ gePsf] atfp“5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ dfS;{sf] /fhgLlts
cy{zf:qnfO{ hLjlj1fg lj/f]wL, dgf]utjfbL / cj}1flgs atfp“5g\ .
;f/df oL ;dfhzf:qL dfNy;jfb, 8flj{gjfb, eF8'jfjfb, k|ToIfjfb;“u
uf“l;Psf 5g\ . nfFu], kmf]U6, a'Vg/, 8\o'xl/+u, dfv, Peg}l/o;– o;} k+lQmdf
kb{5g\ / ;+zf]wgjfbLx? log}af6 k|efljt 5g\ . To;}n] af]Ubfgf]e, afhf/f]e h:tf ;+zf]wgjfbLx?,
/fhgLlts cy{zf:qdf ;fdflhs j/0f, zlQmsf] ;+/If0f, zlQmsf] ldtJotf h:tf s'/fnfO{
;fj{ef}d l;4fGt dfGg k'Ub5g\ . c/fhstfjfb / ;+zf]wgjfbsf zf:qLo wf/fx? Oltxf;df
ju{;+3if{, ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj, hg;d'bfosf] e"ldsf h:tf s'/fx?nfO{ k"/}
gsfb{5g\ . ;fy} o; ;Gbe{df slyt k|m}+skm'6{ :s"n klg Wofglbg of]Uo 5 .
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pQ/–cfw'lgstfjfbM
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cfkm"nfO{ ljrf/wf/f / Oltxf; lj/f]wLsf ?kdf b]vfp“5g\ . a]nsf] ljrf/wf/fsf]
cGt -!(^)_ a]n nufotsf ljrf/sx?sf] pQ/–cf}Bf]lus ;dfh ;DaGwL dfGotf, 8]l/8fsf]
ljv08gjfb, km'sf]ofdfsf] Oltxf;sf] cGt -!((@_ h:tf ljrf/x? pQ/–cfw'lgstfjfbLsf
ljrf/ x'g\ . logn] o"/f]kLo 1fg k|;f/0fsfn otfsf ;du| a'l4jfbL ljrf/wf/f ;lxt
dfS;{jfbsf] klg lj/f]w ub{5g\ . oL cfkm"nfO{ cts{a'l4jfb, c1]ojfb,
ax'njfbsf lxdfotL b]vfp“5g\ . ltgn] ;dfhjfb, d'lQm, k|ult, juL{o b[li6sf]0f ;a}sf]
lj/f]w ub}{ ln+u, hft, hflt, of}g h:tf s'/fnfO{ c+uLsf/ ub{5g\ . ltgsf ljrf/df
Oltxf; / ;dfhdf s'g} klg lgod;+ult jf Joj:yf 5}g . oL c/fhstfjfb / lg/fzfjfbsf
k|ltd"tL{ x'g\ . logLx? k|ultjfbL d"No, ;“:s[lt / ljrf/wf/f ;a}k|lt
z"GojfbL ;f]+r /fVt5g\ . k/Gt' , cGttM oL ;fd|fHojfbsf c;nL ;]js x'g\ .
l6kf]6x?M
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#–
bz{gaf/] kf“r s[ltx?, k[= .
$–
Mao Selected works, vol. VIII, P. 371-372 .
%– bz{gaf/] kf“r s[lt,
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